@hydranium/core 1.0.0-next.39 → 1.0.0-next.391

package/src/langium/trivia/comment-preserver.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1410 @@
+/********************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 CrossBreeze, EclipseSource and others.
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+ * terms of the MIT License which is available in the project root.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ ********************************************************************************/
+
+import { type Tracer } from '@hydranium/protocol';
+import {
+   type AstNode,
+   AstUtils,
+   type CompositeCstNode,
+   type CstNode,
+   GrammarAST,
+   GrammarUtils,
+   IndentationAwareTokenBuilder,
+   isAstNode,
+   type LangiumDocument,
+   type URI
+} from '@hydranium/langium';
+import { type LogNameOptions } from '../diagnostics/logger.js';
+import { type HydraniumLanguageServices } from '../language-module.js';
+import { hasSyntaxErrors } from '../workspace/syntax-errors.js';
+import { type TriviaContribution, type TriviaRegistry } from './trivia-contribution.js';
+import { type TriviaPreserver } from './trivia-preserver.js';
+
+/**
+ * Where a comment sat relative to the node it belongs to.
+ *
+ * The CST records source order but not ownership, so getting this wrong
+ * relocates a comment rather than losing it.
+ *
+ * - `atContainerStart` — before everything the container holds.
+ * - `leading` — on its own line(s) above the node that follows it.
+ * - `trailing` — on the same line the previous node ended on.
+ * - `trailingOnContainer` — on the container's own header line, or amongst its
+ *   syntax with more of the container still to come.
+ * - `afterNode` — on its own line after the last node, still inside the
+ *   container.
+ * - `atContainerEnd` — after everything the container holds.
+ */
+export type CommentPlacement = 'atContainerStart' | 'leading' | 'trailing' | 'trailingOnContainer' | 'afterNode' | 'atContainerEnd';
+
+/** One comment, bound to the AST node it hangs off rather than to an offset. */
+export interface DocumentComment {
+   /** The comment's source text, delimiters included. */
+   readonly text: string;
+   /**
+    * The node the comment hangs off, held as the AST OBJECT rather than a path
+    * or an offset, so a write that mutates the tree IN PLACE — an integrity
+    * repair, a diagram gesture — is reflected without re-extracting.
+    *
+    * A transfer-model write supplies a separate object graph. A unique rename
+    * can still be matched when its type, parent slot and other properties agree;
+    * ambiguous matches are dropped.
+    */
+   readonly anchor: AstNode;
+   readonly placement: CommentPlacement;
+   /**
+    * Blank lines between the comment and what it leads, for the placements that
+    * emit it BEFORE its anchor.
+    *
+    * Captured for the placements that emit it after as well, where nothing reads
+    * it: there the spacing an author means is the gap above the comment, which
+    * {@link blankLinesBefore} carries.
+    */
+   readonly blankLinesAfter: number;
+   /**
+    * Blank lines between the comment and what PRECEDES it, for the placements
+    * that emit it after their anchor. A comment separated from the closing brace
+    * above it by a blank line reads as a new thought; re-emitting it flush
+    * against that brace silently rewrites the author's spacing.
+    */
+   readonly blankLinesBefore: number;
+   /**
+    * The indentation the comment sat at in the source, when it owned its line —
+    * `undefined` for one sharing a line with code, which is never reindented.
+    *
+    * A MULTI-LINE comment needs it to shift its continuation lines, which carry
+    * their original indentation inside {@link text}: emitting the block at a new
+    * indentation without shifting them leaves it hanging off its old column.
+    *
+    * A single-line one needs it whenever its anchor turns out to share a line,
+    * because the indentation read off a mid-line offset is the code's and not
+    * the comment's.
+    */
+   readonly sourceIndent?: string;
+}
+
+/** What {@link CommentPreserver} takes off a document. */
+export interface CommentTrivia {
+   readonly comments: readonly DocumentComment[];
+   /** Original tree, retained to detect ambiguous or removed anchors at apply time. */
+   readonly sourceRoot: AstNode;
+}
+
+/** Construction options for {@link CommentPreserver}. */
+export interface CommentPreserverOptions extends LogNameOptions {
+   /**
+    * Registry id, defaulting to `comments`. Set it only to run a second comment
+    * preserver beside the framework's; a subclass that REPLACES it keeps the
+    * default so the contribution sub-key and the id stay in step.
+    */
+   readonly id?: string;
+   /**
+    * How many comments spliced into shared lines are worth blaming one at a
+    * time when the result will not parse. Default {@link DEFAULT_ISOLATED_EDITS}.
+    *
+    * Isolating means re-splicing and re-parsing the whole document once per
+    * candidate, so the search costs the document's length times their number.
+    * Past this many the write drops them together instead — the same text it
+    * would reach anyway if every one of them were at fault, without spending
+    * that search on a build's write lock.
+    */
+   readonly maxIsolatedEdits?: number;
+}
+
+function isComposite(node: CstNode): node is CompositeCstNode {
+   return 'content' in node;
+}
+
+function tokenNameOf(node: CstNode): string | undefined {
+   return 'tokenType' in node ? (node as CstNode & { tokenType: { name: string } }).tokenType.name : undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Where a node begins and ends in the text it was located in, and which node
+ * that is.
+ *
+ * Exported because {@link CommentPreserver.editFor} takes one, and an override
+ * that cannot name its own parameter type has to restate the shape — which then
+ * stops compiling the moment a field is added here.
+ */
+export interface AnchorSpan {
+   readonly offset: number;
+   readonly end: number;
+   readonly owner: AstNode;
+}
+
+export interface IndentationTokenNames {
+   readonly indent: string;
+   readonly dedent: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A container a run of comment lines can be placed in: the run's own, or one
+ * it is lifted into when a block's DEDENT follows the run. `last` is the index
+ * in its content the run is placed after, `closed` the block the run is lifted
+ * out of, and `liftBelow` the column a comment line has to start left of to be
+ * lifted this far.
+ */
+export interface CommentLiftTarget {
+   readonly container: CompositeCstNode;
+   readonly last: number;
+   readonly closed?: CompositeCstNode;
+   readonly liftBelow?: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A run of hidden nodes in `content`, from `start` to `end`, with the syntax
+ * before it and the containers its comments can be placed in, innermost first.
+ */
+export interface CommentRun {
+   readonly content: readonly CstNode[];
+   readonly start: number;
+   readonly end: number;
+   readonly previous?: { readonly end: number };
+   readonly targets: readonly CommentLiftTarget[];
+   /** The nodes {@link CommentPreserver.neighbours} finds before the run, in order. */
+   readonly before: readonly CstNode[];
+   /** Per target, the nodes {@link CommentPreserver.neighbours} finds after its `last`. */
+   readonly after: readonly (readonly CstNode[])[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * One splice, with what it takes to check the risky kind afterwards.
+ *
+ * `inline` is set only for an edit that opens a line inside syntax the
+ * serializer emitted whole; it carries what the comment must look like when the
+ * result is read back, since that edit is the one that can hand a comment to
+ * the wrong declaration.
+ *
+ * Exported for the same reason {@link AnchorSpan} is: the members that take one
+ * are protected, so an override has to be able to name it.
+ */
+export interface InlineAwareEdit {
+   readonly at: number;
+   readonly text: string;
+   /** Capture order, so several comments on one anchor keep the order written. */
+   readonly order: number;
+   readonly inline?: { readonly text: string; readonly key: string };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Carries a document's comments across a write that re-serializes it from the
+ * AST: extract against the node each comment hangs off, then splice into the
+ * serializer's output, located by re-parsing it.
+ *
+ * **Emitting comments from inside a serializer instead drops them silently for
+ * most nodes.** A hand-written concrete-syntax serializer reaches its children
+ * through its own per-`$type` emitters, not through
+ * `AbstractSerializer.serializeNode`, so a hook on that seam is reached by some
+ * nodes and bypassed by the rest — and the ones it misses fail as absence,
+ * which no test notices unless it asserts on exact text.
+ */
+export class CommentPreserver implements TriviaPreserver<CommentTrivia> {
+   /**
+    * **Registering a second preserver under this id throws.** A subclass added
+    * ALONGSIDE the framework's — rather than replacing it by rebinding the
+    * `comments` contribution sub-key — collides here, and the throw surfaces
+    * from the first write rather than from server start, because the service is
+    * constructed lazily. Pass an `id` to run both.
+    */
+   readonly id: string;
+   readonly label = 'Comments';
+
+   /** Default {@link CommentPreserverOptions.maxIsolatedEdits}. */
+   static readonly DEFAULT_ISOLATED_EDITS = 24;
+
+   protected readonly tracer: Tracer;
+   protected readonly maxIsolatedEdits: number;
+   protected commentTokenNames?: readonly string[];
+   protected indentationTokenNames?: IndentationTokenNames | null;
+   /**
+    * Set for the duration of one {@link extract}: the run
+    * {@link resolveCommentRun} resolved last, so the run's next comment reuses
+    * it.
+    */
+   protected commentRun?: CommentRun;
+   /**
+    * Set for the duration of one {@link extract}: {@link syntaxSpan} per node,
+    * as a block a run is lifted out of would otherwise be measured once per
+    * comment.
+    */
+   protected spanMemo?: Map<CstNode, { readonly offset: number; readonly end: number } | undefined>;
+   /** Set for the duration of one {@link apply}; see {@link cachedAnchorKey}. */
+   protected keyMemo?: Map<AstNode, string | undefined>;
+   /** Set for the duration of one {@link apply}; see {@link ambiguousRetainedKey}. */
+   protected listVerdicts?: Map<AstNode, Map<string, boolean>>;
+   /** Set for the duration of one {@link apply}; see {@link parse}. */
+   protected lastParse?: { text?: string; uri?: string; document?: LangiumDocument };
+
+   constructor(
+      protected readonly services: HydraniumLanguageServices,
+      options: CommentPreserverOptions = {}
+   ) {
+      this.id = options.id ?? 'comments';
+      this.maxIsolatedEdits = options.maxIsolatedEdits ?? CommentPreserver.DEFAULT_ISOLATED_EDITS;
+      this.tracer = services.shared.Tracer.for(options.logName ?? 'CommentPreserver');
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Every comment terminal the grammar declares, by token name.
+    *
+    * Deliberately NOT `GrammarConfig.multilineCommentRules`, which Langium
+    * populates only with terminals whose regex spans lines — so a grammar that
+    * comments with `//` answers an empty list there and every one of its
+    * comments would be invisible to a capture keyed on it.
+    */
+   protected getCommentTokenNames(): readonly string[] {
+      if (!this.commentTokenNames) {
+         this.commentTokenNames = this.services.Grammar.rules
+            .filter(GrammarAST.isTerminalRule)
+            .filter(rule => GrammarUtils.isCommentTerminal(rule))
+            .map(rule => rule.name);
+      }
+      return this.commentTokenNames;
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * The names of the INDENT and DEDENT tokens the language's
+    * `IndentationAwareTokenBuilder` emits, `undefined` for a lexer that emits
+    * none. Override it for a lexer of your own that emits such tokens.
+    *
+    * They are syntax to the parser only. A DEDENT is zero-width at the start of
+    * the line after its block, and an INDENT covers the whitespace in front of
+    * the block's first line, so a comment line beside either reads as sharing a
+    * line with the block, and moves onto the block's last line or its header.
+    */
+   protected getIndentationTokenNames(): IndentationTokenNames | undefined {
+      if (this.indentationTokenNames === undefined) {
+         const builder = this.services.parser.TokenBuilder;
+         this.indentationTokenNames =
+            builder instanceof IndentationAwareTokenBuilder
+               ? { indent: builder.indentTokenType.name, dedent: builder.dedentTokenType.name }
+               : null;
+      }
+      return this.indentationTokenNames ?? undefined;
+   }
+
+   protected isIndentation(node: CstNode): boolean {
+      const names = this.getIndentationTokenNames();
+      const name = tokenNameOf(node);
+      return names !== undefined && (name === names.indent || name === names.dedent);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Where the syntax of `node` begins and ends without the indentation tokens
+    * at its edges.
+    */
+   protected syntaxSpan(node: CstNode): { readonly offset: number; readonly end: number } | undefined {
+      if (this.getIndentationTokenNames() === undefined) {
+         return node;
+      }
+      if (this.spanMemo?.has(node)) {
+         return this.spanMemo.get(node);
+      }
+      const first = this.edgeToken(node, 1);
+      const last = this.edgeToken(node, -1);
+      const span = first && last && { offset: first.offset, end: last.end };
+      this.spanMemo?.set(node, span);
+      return span;
+   }
+
+   /** The first token of `node` for a `step` of 1, the last for -1, that is neither hidden nor indentation. */
+   protected edgeToken(node: CstNode, step: 1 | -1): CstNode | undefined {
+      if (!isComposite(node)) {
+         return node.hidden || this.isIndentation(node) ? undefined : node;
+      }
+      const content = node.content;
+      for (let index = step > 0 ? 0 : content.length - 1; index >= 0 && index < content.length; index += step) {
+         const found = this.edgeToken(content[index], step);
+         if (found !== undefined) {
+            return found;
+         }
+      }
+      return undefined;
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Stable identity for one AST node, used to find it again in the
+    * re-serialized text — or `undefined` when no stable identity exists.
+    *
+    * **Read through the `NameProvider`, so the anchor is what the grammar treats
+    * as IDENTITY rather than whatever sits on `name`.** A grammar whose `name`
+    * is a display label, carrying its identifier on another property, would
+    * otherwise anchor comments to a value users retitle freely. A simple
+    * retitle can be matched, but the real identifier remains the safer key.
+    * `NameProviderOptions.nameProperties` names that property.
+    *
+    * **Whatever an override returns must survive a sibling being inserted into
+    * the same list.** A positional key does not: every comment after the
+    * insertion point is then written against the following declaration — a move,
+    * which reads as text the author wrote there and which nothing downstream can
+    * detect. That is why an unidentified node answers `undefined` here rather
+    * than falling back to a container index, and why this cannot delegate to
+    * `ElementKeyProvider`, whose name-based strategy makes exactly that fallback:
+    * its keys are derived and consumed within one snapshot, where no position can
+    * have shifted underneath them.
+    *
+    * Overriding is the supported route for a grammar that identifies some nodes
+    * outside the naming surface altogether — by a cross-reference that is unique
+    * among its siblings, say. Capture and lookup both read this one definition,
+    * so an override cannot make those two disagree.
+    *
+    * **Matching a rename does not read it.** That comparison asks the
+    * `NameProvider` what changed, so a node identified only by an override is
+    * carried across a write that leaves its identity alone and dropped by one
+    * that rewrites it — never misplaced, but never followed either.
+    */
+   protected anchorKey(node: AstNode): string | undefined {
+      const nameProvider = this.services.references.NameProvider;
+      const segments: string[] = [];
+      let current: AstNode | undefined = node;
+      while (current?.$container) {
+         const name = nameProvider.getOwnName(current);
+         if (name === undefined || name.length === 0) {
+            return undefined;
+         }
+         segments.unshift(`${current.$type}#${this.escapeKeySegment(name)}`);
+         current = current.$container;
+      }
+      return segments.length === 0 ? `@root:${node.$type}` : segments.join('/');
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Escape the characters {@link anchorKey} builds its keys out of, so a name
+    * containing one cannot spell a key another node also answers to — which
+    * would make two distinct nodes indistinguishable to the lookup.
+    */
+   protected escapeKeySegment(name: string): string {
+      return name.replace(/[\\#/]/g, character => `\\${character}`);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Collect every comment in `document`, each bound to the node it hangs off.
+    *
+    * Call this BEFORE the mutation that prompts the write. The anchors are AST
+    * objects, so a rule that renames one in place is reflected automatically;
+    * capturing afterwards would work too, but capturing first is what keeps the
+    * CST and the comments describing the same state.
+    */
+   extract(document: LangiumDocument): CommentTrivia {
+      // The capture reads the CST, which a residency policy may have shed.
+      // Restored rather than skipped: skipping would lose the whole file's
+      // comments for a document that had gone idle, silently and only under a
+      // shedding strategy.
+      this.services.shared.workspace.CstResidencyService.rehydrate(document);
+      const root = document.parseResult.value.$cstNode;
+      const commentTokens = this.getCommentTokenNames();
+      if (!root || commentTokens.length === 0) {
+         return { comments: [], sourceRoot: document.parseResult.value };
+      }
+      const source = document.textDocument.getText();
+      const comments: DocumentComment[] = [];
+      this.commentRun = undefined;
+      this.spanMemo = new Map();
+      try {
+         this.captureFrom(root, source, commentTokens, comments);
+      } finally {
+         this.commentRun = undefined;
+         this.spanMemo = undefined;
+      }
+      return { comments, sourceRoot: document.parseResult.value };
+   }
+
+   /** Recursive half of {@link extract}: one composite node's content, then its children. */
+   protected captureFrom(node: CstNode, source: string, commentTokens: readonly string[], into: DocumentComment[]): void {
+      if (!isComposite(node)) {
+         return;
+      }
+      const content = node.content;
+      content.forEach((child, index) => {
+         const tokenName = tokenNameOf(child);
+         if (child.hidden && tokenName !== undefined && commentTokens.includes(tokenName)) {
+            into.push(this.classify(child, index, node, source));
+         }
+         this.captureFrom(child, source, commentTokens, into);
+      });
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Decide which node a comment belongs to, and how it sat against it.
+    *
+    * A comment on the same line the previous node ENDED on is that node's
+    * trailing comment — checked first, because by source order it also precedes
+    * whatever comes next, and reading it as the NEXT node's leading comment is
+    * what relocates an end-of-line note onto the following declaration.
+    */
+   protected classify(comment: CstNode, index: number, container: CompositeCstNode, source: string): DocumentComment {
+      const placed = this.placeAmongSyntax(comment, index, container, source);
+      const owner = placed.container;
+      const content = placed.content;
+      const at = placed.index;
+      const ownsOwnNode = (candidate: CstNode | undefined): boolean =>
+         candidate?.astNode !== undefined && candidate.astNode !== owner.astNode;
+      const realSibling = (from: number, step: number): CstNode | undefined => {
+         for (let scan = from; scan >= 0 && scan < content.length; scan += step) {
+            if (!content[scan].hidden) {
+               return content[scan];
+            }
+         }
+         return undefined;
+      };
+      const offsetOf = (node: CstNode): number => this.syntaxSpan(node)?.offset ?? node.offset;
+      const endOf = (node: CstNode): number => this.syntaxSpan(node)?.end ?? node.end;
+
+      const previous = realSibling(at - 1, -1);
+      const next = realSibling(at + 1, 1);
+
+      // Measured to whatever comes NEXT IN SOURCE, comment or not — never to the
+      // next real node, which would skip the rest of a comment block and make
+      // every line of it re-emit the whole gap that follows the block.
+      const following = content[at + 1];
+      const blankLinesAfter = following === undefined ? 0 : this.countBlankLines(source.slice(comment.end, offsetOf(following)));
+      const preceding = at > 0 ? content[at - 1] : undefined;
+      // From the last text before the comment: a block it is lifted out of can
+      // end with comment lines of its own, after the block's syntax.
+      const precedingEnd = preceding === undefined ? comment.offset : endOf(preceding);
+      let gapStart = comment.offset;
+      while (gapStart > precedingEnd && /\s/.test(source[gapStart - 1])) {
+         gapStart--;
+      }
+      const blankLinesBefore = preceding === undefined ? 0 : this.countBlankLines(source.slice(gapStart, comment.offset));
+
+      // Only a comment that OWNS its line can be reindented — one sharing a line
+      // with code keeps whatever spacing that line gives it.
+      const lineStart = source.lastIndexOf('\n', comment.offset - 1) + 1;
+      const beforeOnLine = source.slice(lineStart, comment.offset);
+      const sourceIndent = beforeOnLine.trim().length === 0 ? beforeOnLine : undefined;
+
+      const text = this.normalizeLineEndings(comment.text);
+      const sharesLineWithPrevious = previous !== undefined && !this.breaksLine(source, endOf(previous), comment.offset);
+
+      if (sharesLineWithPrevious) {
+         // On the same line as whatever precedes it, so it annotates that line.
+         // When the preceding sibling is the CONTAINER's own syntax — an opening
+         // brace, a name token, a keyword — the line is the container's header
+         // and the comment belongs to the container, NOT to the first member
+         // that happens to follow. Reading it as that member's leading comment
+         // moves a note about the declaration onto its first child.
+         return ownsOwnNode(previous)
+            ? { text, anchor: previous.astNode!, placement: 'trailing', blankLinesAfter: 0, blankLinesBefore: 0 }
+            : { text, anchor: owner.astNode!, placement: 'trailingOnContainer', blankLinesAfter: 0, blankLinesBefore: 0 };
+      }
+      if (ownsOwnNode(next)) {
+         return { text, anchor: next!.astNode!, placement: 'leading', blankLinesAfter, blankLinesBefore: 0, sourceIndent };
+      }
+      if (ownsOwnNode(previous)) {
+         return { text, anchor: previous!.astNode!, placement: 'afterNode', blankLinesAfter: 0, blankLinesBefore, sourceIndent };
+      }
+      if (previous === undefined) {
+         return { text, anchor: owner.astNode!, placement: 'atContainerStart', blankLinesAfter, blankLinesBefore: 0, sourceIndent };
+      }
+      // Surrounded by the container's own syntax on both sides. A further
+      // sibling after it means the comment sits INSIDE the construct — between
+      // the braces of an empty body, or partway through a header — so it stays
+      // with the container rather than being pushed past its closing syntax,
+      // which would move it out to the enclosing scope. Only a comment with
+      // nothing after it at all actually trails the container.
+      const placement: CommentPlacement = next === undefined ? 'atContainerEnd' : 'trailingOnContainer';
+      return { text, anchor: owner.astNode!, placement, blankLinesAfter, blankLinesBefore, sourceIndent };
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Resolves the container {@link classify} anchors `comment` in, and the
+    * comment's adjacent siblings there and the nearest syntax on each side,
+    * without INDENT and DEDENT tokens. The content is that window, not all of
+    * the container's siblings.
+    *
+    * An indentation-aware lexer can emit a block's DEDENT after the comment
+    * lines that follow the block, so the parser nests them in it. An own-line
+    * comment left of the column a block's INDENT opened is lifted out of each
+    * block that ends right after it, with its adjacent hidden nodes, and placed
+    * after that block in the enclosing container.
+    */
+   protected placeAmongSyntax(
+      comment: CstNode,
+      index: number,
+      container: CompositeCstNode,
+      source: string
+   ): { readonly container: CompositeCstNode; readonly content: readonly CstNode[]; readonly index: number } {
+      const content = container.content;
+      const run = this.resolveCommentRun(index, container, source);
+      let placed = 0;
+      if (run.targets.length > 1 && (run.previous === undefined || this.breaksLine(source, run.previous.end, comment.offset))) {
+         const column = this.columnAt(source, comment.offset);
+         while (placed + 1 < run.targets.length && column < (run.targets[placed + 1].liftBelow ?? 0)) {
+            placed++;
+         }
+      }
+      const { container: parent, closed } = run.targets[placed];
+      const before = closed ? [closed] : run.before;
+      const around = content.slice(Math.max(index - 1, run.start), Math.min(index + 1, run.end) + 1);
+      const view = [...before, ...around, ...run.after[placed]];
+      return { container: parent, content: view, index: before.length + (index > run.start ? 1 : 0) };
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * The run of hidden nodes around `container.content[index]`, and the blocks
+    * it can be lifted out of: each that ends right after the run and whose
+    * INDENT opened a column, up to the first that does not.
+    */
+   protected resolveCommentRun(index: number, container: CompositeCstNode, source: string): CommentRun {
+      const content = container.content;
+      const cached = this.commentRun;
+      // Resolved once per run, not per comment: a run of k comment lines would
+      // otherwise cost k scans of the run.
+      if (cached?.content === content && index >= cached.start && index <= cached.end) {
+         return cached;
+      }
+      let start = index;
+      while (start > 0 && content[start - 1].hidden) {
+         start--;
+      }
+      let end = index;
+      while (end + 1 < content.length && content[end + 1].hidden) {
+         end++;
+      }
+      let previous: { readonly end: number } | undefined;
+      const targets: CommentLiftTarget[] = [{ container, last: end }];
+      if (this.getIndentationTokenNames() !== undefined) {
+         for (let scan = start - 1; scan >= 0 && previous === undefined; scan--) {
+            previous = content[scan].hidden ? undefined : this.syntaxSpan(content[scan]);
+         }
+         let target = targets[0];
+         while (target.container.container && this.closesAfter(target.container.content, target.last)) {
+            const opened = this.openedColumn(target.container.content, target.closed ? target.last : start, source) ?? 0;
+            if (opened === 0) {
+               break;
+            }
+            const parent = target.container.container;
+            target = {
+               container: parent,
+               last: this.indexIn(parent.content, target.container),
+               closed: target.container,
+               liftBelow: opened
+            };
+            targets.push(target);
+         }
+      }
+      const before = this.neighbours(content, start - 1, -1).reverse();
+      const after = targets.map(target => this.neighbours(target.container.content, target.last + 1, 1));
+      return (this.commentRun = { content, start, end, previous, targets, before, after });
+   }
+
+   /** The nodes of `content` from `from` in `step` direction up to the first that is syntax, without indentation tokens. */
+   protected neighbours(content: readonly CstNode[], from: number, step: 1 | -1): CstNode[] {
+      const found: CstNode[] = [];
+      for (let scan = from; scan >= 0 && scan < content.length; scan += step) {
+         const node = content[scan];
+         if (!this.isIndentation(node)) {
+            found.push(node);
+            if (!node.hidden) {
+               break;
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      return found;
+   }
+
+   /** Whether only hidden and indentation tokens follow `index` in `content`. */
+   protected closesAfter(content: readonly CstNode[], index: number): boolean {
+      for (let scan = index + 1; scan < content.length; scan++) {
+         if (!content[scan].hidden && !this.isIndentation(content[scan])) {
+            return false;
+         }
+      }
+      return true;
+   }
+
+   /** The column the last INDENT before `content[index]` opens, `undefined` without one. */
+   protected openedColumn(content: readonly CstNode[], index: number, source: string): number | undefined {
+      const indent = this.getIndentationTokenNames()?.indent;
+      for (let scan = index - 1; scan >= 0; scan--) {
+         if (tokenNameOf(content[scan]) === indent) {
+            return this.columnAt(source, content[scan].end);
+         }
+      }
+      return undefined;
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * The index of `node` in `content`, found by offset: `indexOf` per lifted
+    * block makes extraction quadratic in a block's siblings.
+    */
+   protected indexIn(content: readonly CstNode[], node: CstNode): number {
+      let low = 0;
+      let high = content.length;
+      while (low < high) {
+         const middle = (low + high) >> 1;
+         if (content[middle].offset < node.offset) {
+            low = middle + 1;
+         } else {
+            high = middle;
+         }
+      }
+      // Zero-width tokens can share the node's offset.
+      for (let index = low; index < content.length && content[index].offset === node.offset; index++) {
+         if (content[index] === node) {
+            return index;
+         }
+      }
+      return content.indexOf(node);
+   }
+
+   /** Whether `text` has a line break from `from` up to `to`, without copying the span. */
+   protected breaksLine(text: string, from: number, to: number): boolean {
+      // Not indexOf, which scans on to the next line break past `to`.
+      for (let offset = from; offset < to; offset++) {
+         if (text.charCodeAt(offset) === 10) {
+            return true;
+         }
+      }
+      return false;
+   }
+
+   /** The column of `offset` in `text`. */
+   protected columnAt(text: string, offset: number): number {
+      return offset - (text.lastIndexOf('\n', offset - 1) + 1);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Comment text with CRLF reduced to LF.
+    *
+    * Serializers emit LF, so splicing a comment captured from a CRLF document
+    * verbatim puts lone CR bytes in the middle of LF-terminated lines.
+    */
+   protected normalizeLineEndings(text: string): string {
+      return text.includes('\r') ? text.replace(/\r\n/g, '\n') : text;
+   }
+
+   /** Blank lines in a run of whitespace — one fewer than its newlines. */
+   protected countBlankLines(gap: string): number {
+      return Math.max(0, (gap.match(/\n/g)?.length ?? 0) - 1);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Splice the captured comments back into `serialized`.
+    *
+    * A comment whose anchor the write deleted, or whose anchor has no stable
+    * key, is dropped — counted at `debug`, because a silent drop is the failure
+    * this preserver exists to remove and an unexplained one just moves it.
+    */
+   apply(serialized: string, trivia: CommentTrivia, uri: URI): string {
+      if (trivia.comments.length === 0) {
+         return serialized;
+      }
+      // The memos are scoped to this call and not to the instance, because an
+      // in-place write changes what a node's key IS: a repair that renames a
+      // node between two writes would otherwise be answered from the first.
+      this.keyMemo = new Map();
+      this.listVerdicts = new Map();
+      this.lastParse = {};
+      try {
+         return this.applyComments(serialized, trivia, uri);
+      } finally {
+         this.keyMemo = undefined;
+         this.listVerdicts = undefined;
+         this.lastParse = undefined;
+      }
+   }
+
+   /** {@link apply}'s body, inside the per-write memos it sets up. */
+   protected applyComments(serialized: string, trivia: CommentTrivia, uri: URI): string {
+      const spliced = this.spliceComments(serialized, trivia, uri);
+      // **Never hand back text the grammar cannot read.** A splice edits syntax
+      // it did not produce, and a line comment in particular ends whatever
+      // shares its line — so a placement that is merely wrong becomes a file
+      // that no longer parses, written to disk by an integrity repair with no
+      // user gesture. Dropping the comments is recoverable; corrupting the
+      // document is not.
+      if (spliced !== serialized && this.parse(spliced, uri) === undefined) {
+         this.tracer.withUri(uri.toString()).warn('Reattaching comments produced text that does not parse; writing without them');
+         return serialized;
+      }
+      return spliced;
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * {@link anchorKey}, answered once per node per write.
+    *
+    * The key walks `$container` to the root building a segment each step, and
+    * every stage of a write asks about the same nodes — locating spans, matching
+    * a rename, judging a key the output kept. Recomputing makes each of those
+    * stages cost nodes × depth, and the stages that scan a sibling list do it
+    * once per comment.
+    */
+   protected cachedAnchorKey(node: AstNode): string | undefined {
+      const memo = this.keyMemo;
+      if (memo === undefined) {
+         return this.anchorKey(node);
+      }
+      if (!memo.has(node)) {
+         memo.set(node, this.anchorKey(node));
+      }
+      return memo.get(node);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Parse `text` as an unregistered document, or `undefined` when it is not
+    * readable — by reported error, or by a throw from a URI that routes to no
+    * services. Does NOT register the result, so `LangiumDocuments` is untouched.
+    *
+    * Within one {@link apply}, the text and URI parsed last are answered with
+    * the same document rather than parsed again, so a caller must not change
+    * it. One entry, so no document outlives the next parse.
+    */
+   protected parse(text: string, uri: URI): LangiumDocument | undefined {
+      const memo = this.lastParse;
+      if (memo !== undefined && memo.text === text && memo.uri === uri.toString()) {
+         return memo.document;
+      }
+      let document: LangiumDocument | undefined;
+      try {
+         document = this.services.shared.workspace.LangiumDocumentFactory.fromString(text, uri);
+      } catch {
+         document = undefined;
+      }
+      if (document !== undefined && hasSyntaxErrors(document.parseResult)) {
+         document = undefined;
+      }
+      if (memo !== undefined) {
+         memo.text = text;
+         memo.uri = uri.toString();
+         memo.document = document;
+      }
+      return document;
+   }
+
+   /** The splice itself, run before {@link apply}'s parse check. */
+   protected spliceComments(serialized: string, trivia: CommentTrivia, uri: URI): string {
+      const located = this.locate(serialized, uri);
+      if (located === undefined) {
+         return serialized;
+      }
+
+      const sourceOwners = new Map<string, AstNode>();
+      const sourceCollisions = new Set<string>();
+      const liveAnchors = new Set<AstNode>();
+      for (const node of [trivia.sourceRoot, ...AstUtils.streamAllContents(trivia.sourceRoot)]) {
+         liveAnchors.add(node);
+         const key = this.cachedAnchorKey(node);
+         if (key === undefined) {
+            continue;
+         }
+         const owner = sourceOwners.get(key);
+         if (owner !== undefined && owner !== node) {
+            sourceCollisions.add(key);
+         } else {
+            sourceOwners.set(key, node);
+         }
+      }
+      const needsRename = trivia.comments.some(comment => {
+         const key = this.cachedAnchorKey(comment.anchor);
+         return key !== undefined && !located.has(key);
+      });
+      const renamed = needsRename
+         ? this.matchRenamedAnchors(trivia.sourceRoot, serialized, uri, located, sourceOwners, sourceCollisions)
+         : new Map<AstNode, string>();
+
+      const edits: InlineAwareEdit[] = [];
+      let dropped = 0;
+      trivia.comments.forEach((comment, order) => {
+         const key = this.cachedAnchorKey(comment.anchor);
+         const destination = key === undefined ? undefined : located.has(key) ? key : this.renamedKey(comment.anchor, key, renamed);
+         const retained = destination === key ? located.get(key!) : undefined;
+         const span =
+            key === undefined ||
+            !liveAnchors.has(comment.anchor) ||
+            sourceCollisions.has(key) ||
+            destination === undefined ||
+            (retained !== undefined && this.ambiguousRetainedKey(comment.anchor, retained.owner))
+               ? undefined
+               : located.get(destination);
+         if (span === undefined) {
+            dropped++;
+            return;
+         }
+         const edit = this.editFor(comment, span, serialized);
+         edits.push({
+            ...edit,
+            order,
+            inline: this.needsReadBack(comment, span, serialized) ? { text: comment.text, key: destination! } : undefined
+         });
+      });
+
+      if (dropped > 0) {
+         this.tracer.withUri(uri.toString()).debug(`Dropped ${dropped} comment(s): anchor deleted by the write, or carrying no stable key`);
+      }
+
+      // Stable by offset, then by capture order, so several comments landing on
+      // one anchor keep the order the author wrote them in.
+      edits.sort((left, right) => left.at - right.at || left.order - right.order);
+      // **This is what licenses the mid-line split** `editFor` makes for a
+      // `leading` comment whose anchor does not start its line. Parsing alone
+      // cannot license it: text can parse perfectly well having handed the
+      // comment to the following declaration instead. Re-extracting and
+      // requiring the same anchor back is the only evidence the comment still
+      // belongs where its author put it.
+      //
+      // A failed edit is dropped and the rest reassembled, since removing one
+      // changes what the others land in; two rounds, then the inline edits go
+      // as a set rather than iterating towards a text nothing has verified.
+      let remaining: readonly InlineAwareEdit[] = edits;
+      let result = this.assembleComments(serialized, remaining);
+      for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 2; attempt++) {
+         const failed = this.unverifiedInlineEdits(result, remaining, uri, serialized);
+         if (failed.size === 0) {
+            return result;
+         }
+         remaining = remaining.filter(edit => !failed.has(edit));
+         result = this.assembleComments(serialized, remaining);
+      }
+      return this.assembleComments(
+         serialized,
+         remaining.filter(edit => edit.inline === undefined)
+      );
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Whether this comment's edit has to be read back before it can be trusted.
+    *
+    * Both cases are the serializer having put the anchor on a line it shares.
+    * A comment that wants the line above has to open one mid-construct; a
+    * comment that wants the end of the anchor's line gets the end of a line that
+    * may belong to a later sibling, and a second such comment lands inside the
+    * first one's text and stops being a comment at all. Neither can be judged
+    * from the offsets alone — only from what the text says once re-read.
+    */
+   protected needsReadBack(comment: DocumentComment, span: AnchorSpan, serialized: string): boolean {
+      if (comment.placement === 'leading' || comment.placement === 'atContainerStart') {
+         return !this.startOfLineIsBlank(serialized, span.offset);
+      }
+      return comment.placement === 'trailing' && this.endOfLineAt(serialized, span.end) !== span.end;
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Splice `edits` into `serialized`, in the order given.
+    *
+    * Two inline edits landing on one offset collapse into a single opened line,
+    * so a stack of comments above one inline member comes back as a stack rather
+    * than with a blank line between each pair.
+    */
+   protected assembleComments(serialized: string, edits: readonly InlineAwareEdit[]): string {
+      let result = '';
+      let cursor = 0;
+      let previousInlineAt: number | undefined;
+      for (const edit of edits) {
+         const text = edit.inline !== undefined && edit.at === previousInlineAt ? edit.text.replace(/^\n[ \t]*/, '') : edit.text;
+         result += serialized.slice(cursor, edit.at) + text;
+         cursor = edit.at;
+         previousInlineAt = edit.inline !== undefined ? edit.at : undefined;
+      }
+      return result + serialized.slice(cursor);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Whether the output node now answering to `source`'s key is too likely to be
+    * a DIFFERENT node for the comment to follow it.
+    *
+    * A key surviving the write normally means the node did. It can also mean a
+    * sibling took the name over, which reads as the author having written the
+    * comment about a declaration they never saw.
+    *
+    * **What is detectable is a list whose members changed places; what is not is
+    * a payload that renames a node and gives its old name to another.** Those
+    * two writes produce the same text and the same keys, and the node carrying
+    * the old name afterwards is byte-identical under both readings, so no rule
+    * over this evidence separates them. A caller that knows which node it
+    * renamed is the only thing that could, and the transfer model carries no
+    * such record.
+    *
+    * **The evidence is the ORDER of the keys the two lists share.** Adding or
+    * removing siblings shifts the rest but leaves them in the same relative
+    * order; only names changing places can put two shared keys out of order. A
+    * list whose shared keys invert is therefore read as exchanged identities and
+    * those siblings lose their comments — which costs a deliberate reorder its
+    * comments, the conservative half of a trade whose other half is that a bare
+    * swap cannot move one.
+    *
+    * **Comparing counts or key SETS instead misses cases each way.** A swap
+    * alongside an insertion leaves the counts differing and the key set whole,
+    * so neither test sees it; a deletion alongside an insertion leaves the counts
+    * equal while every surviving sibling is still itself, so a count test drops
+    * comments that were never in doubt.
+    */
+   protected ambiguousRetainedKey(source: AstNode, output: AstNode): boolean {
+      const sourceParent = source.$container;
+      const outputParent = output.$container;
+      if (!sourceParent || !outputParent) {
+         return false;
+      }
+      const parentKey = this.cachedAnchorKey(sourceParent);
+      if (parentKey !== this.cachedAnchorKey(outputParent) || source.$containerProperty !== output.$containerProperty) {
+         return true;
+      }
+      if (source.$containerIndex === output.$containerIndex) {
+         return false;
+      }
+      const property = source.$containerProperty;
+      if (property === undefined) {
+         return true;
+      }
+      // Answered once per list rather than once per comment. One insertion moves
+      // every later sibling, so each of their comments asks the same question of
+      // the same two lists — and scanning both per comment costs the list's
+      // length squared.
+      //
+      // Memoised against the parent NODE rather than its key, because two
+      // same-named parents answer to one key and would otherwise share a verdict
+      // about lists that have nothing to do with each other.
+      const cached = this.listVerdicts?.get(sourceParent)?.get(property);
+      if (cached !== undefined) {
+         return cached;
+      }
+      const verdict = this.reidentifiedList(sourceParent, outputParent, property);
+      if (this.listVerdicts !== undefined) {
+         const byProperty = this.listVerdicts.get(sourceParent) ?? new Map<string, boolean>();
+         byProperty.set(property, verdict);
+         this.listVerdicts.set(sourceParent, byProperty);
+      }
+      return verdict;
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Whether the two lists differ in a way a plain insertion or deletion cannot
+    * explain — the expensive half of {@link ambiguousRetainedKey}, split out so
+    * it can be answered once per list.
+    *
+    * What says the members may have swapped names rather than moved:
+    *
+    * - **The lists are the same length.** Every rename chain over a fixed set of
+    *   slots looks exactly like the shift a deletion plus an insertion produces,
+    *   and for members carrying nothing but a name the properties match under
+    *   both readings. Neither this nor anything downstream can separate them.
+    * - **Keys present on both sides have changed places.** Adding or removing
+    *   siblings shifts the rest but never reorders them, so an inversion is
+    *   evidence no insertion or deletion can account for — and it is evidence
+    *   the lengths alone miss, since a swap alongside an insertion leaves the
+    *   counts differing and the key set whole.
+    */
+   protected reidentifiedList(sourceParent: AstNode, outputParent: AstNode, property: string): boolean {
+      const before = (sourceParent as unknown as Record<string, unknown>)[property];
+      const after = (outputParent as unknown as Record<string, unknown>)[property];
+      if (!Array.isArray(before) || !Array.isArray(after)) {
+         return true;
+      }
+      if (before.length === after.length) {
+         return true;
+      }
+      const positions = new Map<string, number>();
+      after.filter(isAstNode).forEach((node: AstNode, index: number) => {
+         const key = this.cachedAnchorKey(node);
+         if (key !== undefined && !positions.has(key)) {
+            positions.set(key, index);
+         }
+      });
+      let furthest = -1;
+      for (const node of before.filter(isAstNode) as AstNode[]) {
+         const key = this.cachedAnchorKey(node);
+         const position = key === undefined ? undefined : positions.get(key);
+         if (position === undefined) {
+            continue;
+         }
+         if (position < furthest) {
+            return true;
+         }
+         furthest = position;
+      }
+      return false;
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * The inline edits `candidate` did not round-trip: each one whose comment came
+    * back on a different anchor, and — when `candidate` does not parse at all —
+    * each one that cannot be put back beside the others without breaking it
+    * again. `serialized` is the unspliced text those trials are rebuilt from,
+    * since finding the single edit at fault means assembling the rest without it.
+    *
+    * Costs a parse and an extract, so it answers empty without either when
+    * nothing was spliced inline — which is every write into a document the
+    * serializer lays out one declaration per line.
+    */
+   protected unverifiedInlineEdits(
+      candidate: string,
+      edits: readonly InlineAwareEdit[],
+      uri: URI,
+      serialized: string
+   ): Set<InlineAwareEdit> {
+      const inlineEdits = edits.filter(edit => edit.inline !== undefined);
+      if (inlineEdits.length === 0) {
+         return new Set();
+      }
+      const reparsed = this.parse(candidate, uri);
+      if (reparsed === undefined) {
+         if (inlineEdits.length > this.maxIsolatedEdits) {
+            this.tracer
+               .withUri(uri.toString())
+               .debug(`Spliced text did not parse; dropping ${inlineEdits.length} shared-line comments without isolating`);
+            return new Set(inlineEdits);
+         }
+         const retained = edits.filter(edit => edit.inline === undefined);
+         const failed = new Set<InlineAwareEdit>();
+         for (const edit of inlineEdits) {
+            const trial = [...retained, edit].sort((left, right) => left.at - right.at || left.order - right.order);
+            const text = this.assembleComments(serialized, trial);
+            if (this.parse(text, uri) !== undefined && this.unverifiedInlineEdits(text, trial, uri, serialized).size === 0) {
+               retained.push(edit);
+            } else {
+               failed.add(edit);
+            }
+         }
+         return failed;
+      }
+      // Counted rather than scanned per edit: several comments can share an
+      // anchor and a text, and each edit must consume one of them.
+      const captured = new Map<string, number>();
+      for (const comment of this.extract(reparsed).comments) {
+         const seen = `${this.cachedAnchorKey(comment.anchor) ?? ''}\u0000${comment.text}`;
+         captured.set(seen, (captured.get(seen) ?? 0) + 1);
+      }
+      const failed = new Set<InlineAwareEdit>();
+      for (const edit of inlineEdits) {
+         const expected = edit.inline!;
+         const wanted = `${expected.key}\u0000${expected.text}`;
+         const remaining = captured.get(wanted) ?? 0;
+         if (remaining === 0) {
+            failed.add(edit);
+         } else {
+            captured.set(wanted, remaining - 1);
+         }
+      }
+      return failed;
+   }
+
+   protected renamedKey(anchor: AstNode, oldKey: string, renamed: Map<AstNode, string>): string | undefined {
+      let current: AstNode | undefined = anchor;
+      while (current !== undefined) {
+         const newPrefix = renamed.get(current);
+         const oldPrefix = this.cachedAnchorKey(current);
+         if (newPrefix !== undefined && oldPrefix !== undefined && (oldKey === oldPrefix || oldKey.startsWith(`${oldPrefix}/`))) {
+            return newPrefix + oldKey.slice(oldPrefix.length);
+         }
+         current = current.$container;
+      }
+      return undefined;
+   }
+
+   protected matchRenamedAnchors(
+      sourceRoot: AstNode,
+      serialized: string,
+      uri: URI,
+      located: Map<string, AnchorSpan>,
+      sourceOwners: Map<string, AstNode>,
+      sourceCollisions: Set<string>
+   ): Map<AstNode, string> {
+      const matches = new Map<AstNode, string>();
+      const output = this.parse(serialized, uri);
+      if (output === undefined) {
+         return matches;
+      }
+      const outputNodes = [output.parseResult.value, ...AstUtils.streamAllContents(output.parseResult.value)];
+      const unmatchedBySlot = new Map<string, AstNode[]>();
+      for (const node of outputNodes) {
+         const key = this.cachedAnchorKey(node);
+         const parent = node.$container && this.cachedAnchorKey(node.$container);
+         if (key === undefined || !located.has(key) || sourceOwners.has(key) || parent === undefined) {
+            continue;
+         }
+         const slot = JSON.stringify([parent, node.$containerProperty, node.$containerIndex, node.$type]);
+         const candidates = unmatchedBySlot.get(slot) ?? [];
+         candidates.push(node);
+         unmatchedBySlot.set(slot, candidates);
+      }
+      const claimed = new Map<AstNode, AstNode>();
+      const ambiguous = new Set<AstNode>();
+      for (const source of [sourceRoot, ...AstUtils.streamAllContents(sourceRoot)]) {
+         const key = this.cachedAnchorKey(source);
+         if (key === undefined || sourceCollisions.has(key) || located.has(key) || !source.$container) {
+            continue;
+         }
+         const parentKey = this.cachedAnchorKey(source.$container);
+         if (parentKey === undefined) {
+            continue;
+         }
+         const slot = JSON.stringify([parentKey, source.$containerProperty, source.$containerIndex, source.$type]);
+         const candidates = (unmatchedBySlot.get(slot) ?? []).filter(candidate => this.sameAsideFromName(source, candidate));
+         if (candidates.length === 1) {
+            const candidate = candidates[0];
+            if (ambiguous.has(candidate)) {
+               continue;
+            }
+            if (claimed.has(candidate)) {
+               matches.delete(claimed.get(candidate)!);
+               ambiguous.add(candidate);
+            } else {
+               matches.set(source, this.cachedAnchorKey(candidate)!);
+            }
+            claimed.set(candidate, source);
+         }
+      }
+      return matches;
+   }
+
+   protected sameAsideFromName(source: AstNode, target: AstNode): boolean {
+      const nameProvider = this.services.references.NameProvider;
+      const before = nameProvider.getOwnName(source);
+      const after = nameProvider.getOwnName(target);
+      if (before === undefined || after === undefined || before === after) {
+         return false;
+      }
+      let renamed = false;
+      for (const key of this.comparableProperties(source.$type)) {
+         const oldValue = (source as unknown as Record<string, unknown>)[key];
+         const newValue = (target as unknown as Record<string, unknown>)[key];
+         if (oldValue === before && newValue === after) {
+            renamed = true;
+         } else if (!this.sameValue(oldValue, newValue)) {
+            return false;
+         }
+      }
+      return renamed;
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * The properties `type` declares in the grammar — everything a rename match
+    * may compare, and nothing else.
+    *
+    * **Comparing own keys instead compares derived state, and matches nothing.**
+    * A built document carries whatever `ast.extensions` computed onto its nodes;
+    * the re-parsed serializer output is never built and carries none of it. Every
+    * candidate then differs on a property the grammar never mentioned, so no
+    * rename is ever matched — on the real write path only, because a document a
+    * test parses from a string has no computed state to disagree about.
+    */
+   protected comparableProperties(type: string): readonly string[] {
+      return Object.keys(this.services.shared.AstReflection.getTypeMetaData(type).properties);
+   }
+
+   protected sameValue(left: unknown, right: unknown): boolean {
+      if (left === right) {
+         return true;
+      }
+      if (Array.isArray(left) && Array.isArray(right)) {
+         return left.length === right.length && left.every((value, index) => this.sameValue(value, right[index]));
+      }
+      if (isAstNode(left) && isAstNode(right)) {
+         if (left.$type !== right.$type) {
+            return false;
+         }
+         return this.comparableProperties(left.$type).every(key =>
+            this.sameValue((left as unknown as Record<string, unknown>)[key], (right as unknown as Record<string, unknown>)[key])
+         );
+      }
+      if (left !== null && right !== null && typeof left === 'object' && typeof right === 'object') {
+         if ('$refText' in left && '$refText' in right) {
+            return left.$refText === right.$refText;
+         }
+      }
+      return false;
+   }
+
+   /** The insertion this comment's placement implies, against its anchor's span. */
+   protected editFor(comment: DocumentComment, span: AnchorSpan, serialized: string): { at: number; text: string } {
+      const blanks = '\n'.repeat(comment.blankLinesAfter);
+      const blanksBefore = '\n'.repeat(comment.blankLinesBefore);
+      switch (comment.placement) {
+         case 'trailing':
+            return { at: this.endOfLineAt(serialized, span.end), text: ` ${comment.text}` };
+         // Appended to the container's FIRST line, which is its header. The
+         // comment may have sat further along that line in the source — mid
+         // header, or between braces the serializer has since collapsed to `{}`
+         // — and the exact column is not recoverable from a re-emitted
+         // document. The line is, and that is what keeps it on its own
+         // declaration instead of on a neighbour.
+         case 'trailingOnContainer':
+            return { at: this.endOfLineAt(serialized, span.offset), text: ` ${comment.text}` };
+         // Both of these open a NEW line after the anchor, which is only safe
+         // while nothing else shares the anchor's line. When the serializer put
+         // the anchor and its container's closing syntax together — an inline
+         // enum body, say — splitting there pushes that syntax onto the comment's
+         // line, and a line comment then ends the construct. Appending to the
+         // line instead keeps the comment on the same declaration and the
+         // document readable.
+         case 'afterNode': {
+            if (!this.restOfLineIsBlank(serialized, span.end)) {
+               return { at: this.endOfLineAt(serialized, span.end), text: ` ${comment.text}` };
+            }
+            const indent = this.indentAt(serialized, span.offset);
+            return { at: span.end, text: `\n${blanksBefore}${indent}${this.reindent(comment, indent)}` };
+         }
+         case 'atContainerEnd':
+            return this.restOfLineIsBlank(serialized, span.end)
+               ? { at: span.end, text: `\n${blanksBefore}${comment.text}` }
+               : { at: this.endOfLineAt(serialized, span.end), text: ` ${comment.text}` };
+         case 'atContainerStart':
+         case 'leading':
+         default: {
+            // `leading` means "on the line above", and the anchor may sit
+            // mid-line — a member of a body the serializer emitted inline.
+            // **Opening a line there is sound only because the caller reads the
+            // result back and requires this comment on this same anchor**,
+            // dropping the edit when it is not. Unguarded, the split strands the
+            // rest of the construct at column zero and lands somewhere different
+            // again on the next write.
+            if (!this.startOfLineIsBlank(serialized, span.offset)) {
+               const indent = comment.sourceIndent ?? this.indentAt(serialized, span.offset);
+               return { at: span.offset, text: `\n${indent}${this.reindent(comment, indent)}\n${blanks}${indent}` };
+            }
+            const indent = this.indentAt(serialized, span.offset);
+            return { at: span.offset, text: `${this.reindent(comment, indent)}\n${blanks}${indent}` };
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * A multi-line comment's continuation lines, shifted by the same delta its
+    * first line moves — so a block emitted at a new indentation stays square
+    * instead of trailing its original column.
+    *
+    * **Only the leading whitespace run is touched, and an outdent removes at
+    * most what is there** — shifting further would eat the comment's own text.
+    *
+    * Single-line comments and ones sharing a line with code are returned
+    * unchanged.
+    */
+   protected reindent(comment: DocumentComment, targetIndent: string): string {
+      if (comment.sourceIndent === undefined || !comment.text.includes('\n')) {
+         return comment.text;
+      }
+      // Indentation is compared as characters, which only means anything while
+      // both sides use the SAME whitespace character. A tab-indented source
+      // re-emitted with spaces has no meaningful delta, and shifting by one
+      // anyway prepends spaces in front of tabs.
+      const sourceUnit = /^\t*$/.test(comment.sourceIndent) ? '\t' : ' ';
+      const targetUnit = /^\t*$/.test(targetIndent) ? '\t' : ' ';
+      const delta = targetIndent.length - comment.sourceIndent.length;
+      if (delta === 0 || sourceUnit !== targetUnit) {
+         return comment.text;
+      }
+      const [first, ...rest] = comment.text.split('\n');
+      const shifted = rest.map(line => {
+         if (delta > 0) {
+            return targetUnit.repeat(delta) + line;
+         }
+         const removable = /^[ \t]*/.exec(line)?.[0].length ?? 0;
+         return line.slice(Math.min(-delta, removable));
+      });
+      return [first, ...shifted].join('\n');
+   }
+
+   /** Whether everything from `offset` to the end of its line is whitespace. */
+   protected restOfLineIsBlank(text: string, offset: number): boolean {
+      return text.slice(offset, this.endOfLineAt(text, offset)).trim().length === 0;
+   }
+
+   /** Whether `offset` is preceded on its own line by whitespace alone. */
+   protected startOfLineIsBlank(text: string, offset: number): boolean {
+      return text.slice(text.lastIndexOf('\n', offset - 1) + 1, offset).trim().length === 0;
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * End of the line `offset` sits on, as an insertion point for a trailing
+    * comment. Stops before a CR so an insertion into CRLF text lands inside the
+    * line rather than between its two terminator bytes.
+    */
+   protected endOfLineAt(text: string, offset: number): number {
+      const newline = text.indexOf('\n', offset);
+      const lineEnd = newline < 0 ? text.length : newline;
+      return lineEnd > 0 && text[lineEnd - 1] === '\r' ? lineEnd - 1 : lineEnd;
+   }
+
+   /** Leading whitespace of the line `offset` sits on, so an insertion lines up with it. */
+   protected indentAt(text: string, offset: number): string {
+      const lineStart = text.lastIndexOf('\n', offset - 1) + 1;
+      return /^\s*/.exec(text.slice(lineStart, offset))?.[0] ?? '';
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Where every node landed in the serializer's output, keyed by
+    * {@link anchorKey}.
+    *
+    * Re-parses `serialized` through the document factory, which does NOT
+    * register the result, so this leaves `LangiumDocuments` alone. Output the
+    * grammar cannot read, by reported error or by a throw from a URI that
+    * routes to no services, yields `undefined`: the caller then writes the
+    * serializer's text unchanged rather than splicing into text already wrong.
+    *
+    * **A key claimed by two DIFFERENT nodes is removed, not merged.** A repeated
+    * identity is exactly what the integrity tier exists to repair, so collisions
+    * reach this method routinely; merging their spans puts every one of their
+    * comments on whichever came first. Removing the key drops those instead,
+    * which is the only outcome here that keeps a comment off a declaration its
+    * author did not write it on.
+    */
+   protected locate(serialized: string, uri: URI): Map<string, AnchorSpan> | undefined {
+      const document = this.parse(serialized, uri);
+      if (document === undefined) {
+         this.tracer.withUri(uri.toString()).warn('Serialized output did not re-parse; writing it without comments');
+         return undefined;
+      }
+      const root = document.parseResult.value.$cstNode;
+      if (!root) {
+         return undefined;
+      }
+      const found = new Map<string, AnchorSpan>();
+      // One AST node owns many CST nodes — its composite plus every token under
+      // it — so a repeated key is only a collision when a DIFFERENT node claims
+      // it. Tracking the owner is what separates the two.
+      const owners = new Map<string, AstNode>();
+      const collided = new Set<string>();
+      // One AST node owns every CST node beneath it, so this asks for the same
+      // key once per token; `cachedAnchorKey` is what keeps the pass from
+      // costing nodes x depth.
+      const visit = (node: CstNode): void => {
+         const key = node.astNode !== undefined && !node.hidden ? this.cachedAnchorKey(node.astNode) : undefined;
+         // Without the indentation tokens, whose DEDENT would end a block at
+         // the start of the line after it.
+         const span = key === undefined ? undefined : this.syntaxSpan(node);
+         if (key !== undefined && span !== undefined) {
+            const owner = owners.get(key);
+            if (owner === undefined) {
+               owners.set(key, node.astNode!);
+               found.set(key, { offset: span.offset, end: span.end, owner: node.astNode! });
+            } else if (owner === node.astNode) {
+               // Widest span per node: its first CST node gives the start, a
+               // later token contributing to the same node extends the end.
+               const existing = found.get(key)!;
+               found.set(key, {
+                  offset: Math.min(existing.offset, span.offset),
+                  end: Math.max(existing.end, span.end),
+                  owner: existing.owner
+               });
+            } else {
+               collided.add(key);
+            }
+         }
+         if (isComposite(node)) {
+            node.content.forEach(visit);
+         }
+      };
+      visit(root);
+      for (const key of collided) {
+         found.delete(key);
+      }
+      return found;
+   }
+}
+
+/** Registers {@link CommentPreserver}; bound at `trivia.preservers.comments`. */
+export class CommentPreserverContribution implements TriviaContribution {
+   constructor(protected readonly services: HydraniumLanguageServices) {}
+
+   registerTriviaPreservers(registry: TriviaRegistry): void {
+      registry.register(new CommentPreserver(this.services));
+   }
+}