@hybridlabor-api/bdb-antigravity-skills 1.0.0

package/skills/global_legacy/senior-frontend/references/react_patterns.md

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+# React Patterns
+
+Production-ready patterns for building scalable React applications with TypeScript.
+
+---
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- [Component Composition](#component-composition)
+- [Custom Hooks](#custom-hooks)
+- [State Management](#state-management)
+- [Performance Patterns](#performance-patterns)
+- [Error Boundaries](#error-boundaries)
+- [Anti-Patterns](#anti-patterns)
+
+---
+
+## Component Composition
+
+### Compound Components
+
+Use compound components when building reusable UI components with multiple related parts.
+
+```tsx
+// Compound component pattern for a Select
+interface SelectContextType {
+  value: string;
+  onChange: (value: string) => void;
+}
+
+const SelectContext = createContext<SelectContextType | null>(null);
+
+function Select({ children, value, onChange }: {
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+  value: string;
+  onChange: (value: string) => void;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <SelectContext.Provider value={{ value, onChange }}>
+      <div className="relative">{children}</div>
+    </SelectContext.Provider>
+  );
+}
+
+function SelectTrigger({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
+  const context = useContext(SelectContext);
+  if (!context) throw new Error('SelectTrigger must be used within Select');
+
+  return (
+    <button className="flex items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 border rounded">
+      {children}
+    </button>
+  );
+}
+
+function SelectOption({ value, children }: { value: string; children: React.ReactNode }) {
+  const context = useContext(SelectContext);
+  if (!context) throw new Error('SelectOption must be used within Select');
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      onClick={() => context.onChange(value)}
+      className={`px-4 py-2 cursor-pointer hover:bg-gray-100 ${
+        context.value === value ? 'bg-blue-50' : ''
+      }`}
+    >
+      {children}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+// Attach sub-components
+Select.Trigger = SelectTrigger;
+Select.Option = SelectOption;
+
+// Usage
+<Select value={selected} onChange={setSelected}>
+  <Select.Trigger>Choose option</Select.Trigger>
+  <Select.Option value="a">Option A</Select.Option>
+  <Select.Option value="b">Option B</Select.Option>
+</Select>
+```
+
+### Render Props
+
+Use render props when you need to share behavior with flexible rendering.
+
+```tsx
+interface MousePosition {
+  x: number;
+  y: number;
+}
+
+function MouseTracker({ render }: { render: (pos: MousePosition) => React.ReactNode }) {
+  const [position, setPosition] = useState<MousePosition>({ x: 0, y: 0 });
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const handleMouseMove = (e: MouseEvent) => {
+      setPosition({ x: e.clientX, y: e.clientY });
+    };
+    window.addEventListener('mousemove', handleMouseMove);
+    return () => window.removeEventListener('mousemove', handleMouseMove);
+  }, []);
+
+  return <>{render(position)}</>;
+}
+
+// Usage
+<MouseTracker
+  render={({ x, y }) => (
+    <div>Mouse position: {x}, {y}</div>
+  )}
+/>
+```
+
+### Higher-Order Components (HOC)
+
+Use HOCs for cross-cutting concerns like authentication or logging.
+
+```tsx
+function withAuth<P extends object>(WrappedComponent: React.ComponentType<P>) {
+  return function AuthenticatedComponent(props: P) {
+    const { user, isLoading } = useAuth();
+
+    if (isLoading) return <LoadingSpinner />;
+    if (!user) return <Navigate to="/login" />;
+
+    return <WrappedComponent {...props} />;
+  };
+}
+
+// Usage
+const ProtectedDashboard = withAuth(Dashboard);
+```
+
+---
+
+## Custom Hooks
+
+### useAsync - Handle async operations
+
+```tsx
+interface AsyncState<T> {
+  data: T | null;
+  error: Error | null;
+  status: 'idle' | 'loading' | 'success' | 'error';
+}
+
+function useAsync<T>(asyncFn: () => Promise<T>, deps: any[] = []) {
+  const [state, setState] = useState<AsyncState<T>>({
+    data: null,
+    error: null,
+    status: 'idle',
+  });
+
+  const execute = useCallback(async () => {
+    setState({ data: null, error: null, status: 'loading' });
+    try {
+      const data = await asyncFn();
+      setState({ data, error: null, status: 'success' });
+    } catch (error) {
+      setState({ data: null, error: error as Error, status: 'error' });
+    }
+  }, deps);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    execute();
+  }, [execute]);
+
+  return { ...state, refetch: execute };
+}
+
+// Usage
+function UserProfile({ userId }: { userId: string }) {
+  const { data: user, status, error, refetch } = useAsync(
+    () => fetchUser(userId),
+    [userId]
+  );
+
+  if (status === 'loading') return <Spinner />;
+  if (status === 'error') return <Error message={error?.message} />;
+  if (!user) return null;
+
+  return <Profile user={user} />;
+}
+```
+
+### useDebounce - Debounce values
+
+```tsx
+function useDebounce<T>(value: T, delay: number): T {
+  const [debouncedValue, setDebouncedValue] = useState(value);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const timer = setTimeout(() => setDebouncedValue(value), delay);
+    return () => clearTimeout(timer);
+  }, [value, delay]);
+
+  return debouncedValue;
+}
+
+// Usage
+function SearchInput() {
+  const [query, setQuery] = useState('');
+  const debouncedQuery = useDebounce(query, 300);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (debouncedQuery) {
+      searchAPI(debouncedQuery);
+    }
+  }, [debouncedQuery]);
+
+  return <input value={query} onChange={(e) => setQuery(e.target.value)} />;
+}
+```
+
+### useLocalStorage - Persist state
+
+```tsx
+function useLocalStorage<T>(key: string, initialValue: T) {
+  const [storedValue, setStoredValue] = useState<T>(() => {
+    if (typeof window === 'undefined') return initialValue;
+    try {
+      const item = window.localStorage.getItem(key);
+      return item ? JSON.parse(item) : initialValue;
+    } catch {
+      return initialValue;
+    }
+  });
+
+  const setValue = useCallback((value: T | ((val: T) => T)) => {
+    try {
+      const valueToStore = value instanceof Function ? value(storedValue) : value;
+      setStoredValue(valueToStore);
+      if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+        window.localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(valueToStore));
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error('Error saving to localStorage:', error);
+    }
+  }, [key, storedValue]);
+
+  return [storedValue, setValue] as const;
+}
+
+// Usage
+const [theme, setTheme] = useLocalStorage('theme', 'light');
+```
+
+### useMediaQuery - Responsive design
+
+```tsx
+function useMediaQuery(query: string): boolean {
+  const [matches, setMatches] = useState(false);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const media = window.matchMedia(query);
+    setMatches(media.matches);
+
+    const listener = (e: MediaQueryListEvent) => setMatches(e.matches);
+    media.addEventListener('change', listener);
+    return () => media.removeEventListener('change', listener);
+  }, [query]);
+
+  return matches;
+}
+
+// Usage
+function ResponsiveNav() {
+  const isMobile = useMediaQuery('(max-width: 768px)');
+  return isMobile ? <MobileNav /> : <DesktopNav />;
+}
+```
+
+### usePrevious - Track previous values
+
+```tsx
+function usePrevious<T>(value: T): T | undefined {
+  const ref = useRef<T>();
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    ref.current = value;
+  }, [value]);
+
+  return ref.current;
+}
+
+// Usage
+function Counter() {
+  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
+  const prevCount = usePrevious(count);
+
+  return (
+    <div>
+      Current: {count}, Previous: {prevCount}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## State Management
+
+### Context with Reducer
+
+For complex state that multiple components need to access.
+
+```tsx
+// types.ts
+interface CartItem {
+  id: string;
+  name: string;
+  price: number;
+  quantity: number;
+}
+
+interface CartState {
+  items: CartItem[];
+  total: number;
+}
+
+type CartAction =
+  | { type: 'ADD_ITEM'; payload: CartItem }
+  | { type: 'REMOVE_ITEM'; payload: string }
+  | { type: 'UPDATE_QUANTITY'; payload: { id: string; quantity: number } }
+  | { type: 'CLEAR_CART' };
+
+// reducer.ts
+function cartReducer(state: CartState, action: CartAction): CartState {
+  switch (action.type) {
+    case 'ADD_ITEM': {
+      const existingItem = state.items.find(i => i.id === action.payload.id);
+      if (existingItem) {
+        return {
+          ...state,
+          items: state.items.map(item =>
+            item.id === action.payload.id
+              ? { ...item, quantity: item.quantity + 1 }
+              : item
+          ),
+        };
+      }
+      return {
+        ...state,
+        items: [...state.items, { ...action.payload, quantity: 1 }],
+      };
+    }
+    case 'REMOVE_ITEM':
+      return {
+        ...state,
+        items: state.items.filter(i => i.id !== action.payload),
+      };
+    case 'UPDATE_QUANTITY':
+      return {
+        ...state,
+        items: state.items.map(item =>
+          item.id === action.payload.id
+            ? { ...item, quantity: action.payload.quantity }
+            : item
+        ),
+      };
+    case 'CLEAR_CART':
+      return { items: [], total: 0 };
+    default:
+      return state;
+  }
+}
+
+// context.tsx
+const CartContext = createContext<{
+  state: CartState;
+  dispatch: React.Dispatch<CartAction>;
+} | null>(null);
+
+function CartProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
+  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(cartReducer, { items: [], total: 0 });
+
+  // Compute total whenever items change
+  const stateWithTotal = useMemo(() => ({
+    ...state,
+    total: state.items.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.price * item.quantity, 0),
+  }), [state.items]);
+
+  return (
+    <CartContext.Provider value={{ state: stateWithTotal, dispatch }}>
+      {children}
+    </CartContext.Provider>
+  );
+}
+
+function useCart() {
+  const context = useContext(CartContext);
+  if (!context) throw new Error('useCart must be used within CartProvider');
+  return context;
+}
+```
+
+### Zustand (Lightweight Alternative)
+
+```tsx
+import { create } from 'zustand';
+import { persist } from 'zustand/middleware';
+
+interface AuthStore {
+  user: User | null;
+  token: string | null;
+  login: (email: string, password: string) => Promise<void>;
+  logout: () => void;
+}
+
+const useAuthStore = create<AuthStore>()(
+  persist(
+    (set) => ({
+      user: null,
+      token: null,
+      login: async (email, password) => {
+        const { user, token } = await authAPI.login(email, password);
+        set({ user, token });
+      },
+      logout: () => set({ user: null, token: null }),
+    }),
+    { name: 'auth-storage' }
+  )
+);
+
+// Usage
+function Profile() {
+  const { user, logout } = useAuthStore();
+  return user ? <div>{user.name} <button onClick={logout}>Logout</button></div> : null;
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Performance Patterns
+
+### React.memo with Custom Comparison
+
+```tsx
+interface ListItemProps {
+  item: { id: string; name: string; count: number };
+  onSelect: (id: string) => void;
+}
+
+const ListItem = React.memo(
+  function ListItem({ item, onSelect }: ListItemProps) {
+    return (
+      <div onClick={() => onSelect(item.id)}>
+        {item.name} ({item.count})
+      </div>
+    );
+  },
+  (prevProps, nextProps) => {
+    // Only re-render if item data changed
+    return (
+      prevProps.item.id === nextProps.item.id &&
+      prevProps.item.name === nextProps.item.name &&
+      prevProps.item.count === nextProps.item.count
+    );
+  }
+);
+```
+
+### useMemo for Expensive Calculations
+
+```tsx
+function DataTable({ data, sortColumn, filterText }: {
+  data: Item[];
+  sortColumn: string;
+  filterText: string;
+}) {
+  const processedData = useMemo(() => {
+    // Filter
+    let result = data.filter(item =>
+      item.name.toLowerCase().includes(filterText.toLowerCase())
+    );
+
+    // Sort
+    result = [...result].sort((a, b) => {
+      const aVal = a[sortColumn as keyof Item];
+      const bVal = b[sortColumn as keyof Item];
+      return aVal < bVal ? -1 : aVal > bVal ? 1 : 0;
+    });
+
+    return result;
+  }, [data, sortColumn, filterText]);
+
+  return (
+    <table>
+      {processedData.map(item => (
+        <tr key={item.id}>{/* ... */}</tr>
+      ))}
+    </table>
+  );
+}
+```
+
+### useCallback for Stable References
+
+```tsx
+function ParentComponent() {
+  const [items, setItems] = useState<Item[]>([]);
+
+  // Stable reference - won't cause child re-renders
+  const handleItemClick = useCallback((id: string) => {
+    setItems(prev => prev.map(item =>
+      item.id === id ? { ...item, selected: !item.selected } : item
+    ));
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleAddItem = useCallback((newItem: Item) => {
+    setItems(prev => [...prev, newItem]);
+  }, []);
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      <ItemList items={items} onItemClick={handleItemClick} />
+      <AddItemForm onAdd={handleAddItem} />
+    </>
+  );
+}
+```
+
+### Virtualization for Long Lists
+
+```tsx
+import { useVirtualizer } from '@tanstack/react-virtual';
+
+function VirtualList({ items }: { items: Item[] }) {
+  const parentRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+
+  const virtualizer = useVirtualizer({
+    count: items.length,
+    getScrollElement: () => parentRef.current,
+    estimateSize: () => 50, // estimated row height
+    overscan: 5,
+  });
+
+  return (
+    <div ref={parentRef} className="h-[400px] overflow-auto">
+      <div
+        style={{ height: `${virtualizer.getTotalSize()}px`, position: 'relative' }}
+      >
+        {virtualizer.getVirtualItems().map(virtualRow => (
+          <div
+            key={virtualRow.key}
+            style={{
+              position: 'absolute',
+              top: 0,
+              left: 0,
+              width: '100%',
+              height: `${virtualRow.size}px`,
+              transform: `translateY(${virtualRow.start}px)`,
+            }}
+          >
+            {items[virtualRow.index].name}
+          </div>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Error Boundaries
+
+### Class-Based Error Boundary
+
+```tsx
+interface ErrorBoundaryProps {
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+  fallback?: React.ReactNode;
+  onError?: (error: Error, errorInfo: React.ErrorInfo) => void;
+}
+
+interface ErrorBoundaryState {
+  hasError: boolean;
+  error: Error | null;
+}
+
+class ErrorBoundary extends React.Component<ErrorBoundaryProps, ErrorBoundaryState> {
+  state: ErrorBoundaryState = { hasError: false, error: null };
+
+  static getDerivedStateFromError(error: Error): ErrorBoundaryState {
+    return { hasError: true, error };
+  }
+
+  componentDidCatch(error: Error, errorInfo: React.ErrorInfo) {
+    this.props.onError?.(error, errorInfo);
+    // Log to error reporting service
+    console.error('Error caught:', error, errorInfo);
+  }
+
+  render() {
+    if (this.state.hasError) {
+      return this.props.fallback || (
+        <div className="p-4 bg-red-50 border border-red-200 rounded">
+          <h2 className="text-red-800 font-bold">Something went wrong</h2>
+          <p className="text-red-600">{this.state.error?.message}</p>
+          <button
+            onClick={() => this.setState({ hasError: false, error: null })}
+            className="mt-2 px-4 py-2 bg-red-600 text-white rounded"
+          >
+            Try Again
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      );
+    }
+
+    return this.props.children;
+  }
+}
+
+// Usage
+<ErrorBoundary
+  fallback={<ErrorFallback />}
+  onError={(error) => trackError(error)}
+>
+  <MyComponent />
+</ErrorBoundary>
+```
+
+### Suspense with Error Boundary
+
+```tsx
+function DataComponent() {
+  return (
+    <ErrorBoundary fallback={<ErrorMessage />}>
+      <Suspense fallback={<LoadingSpinner />}>
+        <AsyncDataLoader />
+      </Suspense>
+    </ErrorBoundary>
+  );
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Anti-Patterns
+
+### Avoid: Inline Object/Array Creation in JSX
+
+```tsx
+// BAD - Creates new object every render, causes re-renders
+<Component style={{ color: 'red' }} items={[1, 2, 3]} />
+
+// GOOD - Define outside or use useMemo
+const style = { color: 'red' };
+const items = [1, 2, 3];
+<Component style={style} items={items} />
+
+// Or with useMemo for dynamic values
+const style = useMemo(() => ({ color: theme.primary }), [theme.primary]);
+```
+
+### Avoid: Index as Key for Dynamic Lists
+
+```tsx
+// BAD - Index keys break with reordering/filtering
+{items.map((item, index) => (
+  <Item key={index} data={item} />
+))}
+
+// GOOD - Use stable unique ID
+{items.map(item => (
+  <Item key={item.id} data={item} />
+))}
+```
+
+### Avoid: Prop Drilling
+
+```tsx
+// BAD - Passing props through many levels
+<App user={user}>
+  <Layout user={user}>
+    <Sidebar user={user}>
+      <UserInfo user={user} />
+    </Sidebar>
+  </Layout>
+</App>
+
+// GOOD - Use Context
+const UserContext = createContext<User | null>(null);
+
+function App() {
+  return (
+    <UserContext.Provider value={user}>
+      <Layout>
+        <Sidebar>
+          <UserInfo />
+        </Sidebar>
+      </Layout>
+    </UserContext.Provider>
+  );
+}
+
+function UserInfo() {
+  const user = useContext(UserContext);
+  return <div>{user?.name}</div>;
+}
+```
+
+### Avoid: Mutating State Directly
+
+```tsx
+// BAD - Mutates state directly
+const addItem = (item: Item) => {
+  items.push(item); // WRONG
+  setItems(items);  // Won't trigger re-render
+};
+
+// GOOD - Create new array
+const addItem = (item: Item) => {
+  setItems(prev => [...prev, item]);
+};
+
+// GOOD - For objects
+const updateUser = (field: string, value: string) => {
+  setUser(prev => ({ ...prev, [field]: value }));
+};
+```
+
+### Avoid: useEffect for Derived State
+
+```tsx
+// BAD - Unnecessary effect and extra render
+const [items, setItems] = useState<Item[]>([]);
+const [total, setTotal] = useState(0);
+
+useEffect(() => {
+  setTotal(items.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.price, 0));
+}, [items]);
+
+// GOOD - Compute during render
+const [items, setItems] = useState<Item[]>([]);
+const total = items.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.price, 0);
+
+// Or useMemo for expensive calculations
+const total = useMemo(
+  () => items.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.price, 0),
+  [items]
+);
+```