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@hestia-earth/guide 0.0.16 → 0.0.17

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package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/fuel/noxToAirFuelCombustion/emepEea2019.json ADDED Viewed

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Joseph Poore","Guillaume Royer"],"contributor":["Juliet Telfer","James Bradbury"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Fuel"],"tab":["EMEP-EEA (2019)"],"modelId":["noxToAirFuelCombustion"],"modelRequires":["electricityFuel"]},"content":"# NOx, to air, fuel combustion\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"collapsibles\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Returns</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission\">Emissions</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/noxToAirFuelCombustion\">noxToAirFuelCombustion</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodModel\">methodModel</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/emepEea2019\">emepEea2019</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#value\">value</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#inputs\">inputs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#operation\">operation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodTier\">methodTier</a> with <code>tier 1</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Requirements</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle\">Cycle</a> with:<ul>\n<li>either:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#inputs\">inputs</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#value\">value</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#term\">term</a> of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Term#termType\">termType</a> = <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary?termType=fuel\">fuel</a> and optional:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#operation\">operation</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Data completeness assessment for electricityFuel: <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Completeness#electricityFuel\">completeness.electricityFuel</a> must be <code>True</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>This model works on the following Node type with identical requirements:</p>\n <ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle\">Cycle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Transformation\">Transformation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Transport\">Transport</a></li>\n</ul></div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Lookups used</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/fuel.csv\">fuel.csv</a> -> <code>noxToAirFuelCombustionEmepEea2019</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/operation.csv\">operation.csv</a> -> <code>noxToAirFuelCombustionEmepEea2019</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/emission.csv\">emission.csv</a> -> <code>typesAllowed</code></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n \n</div>"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/fuel/so2ToAirFuelCombustion/content.json ADDED Viewed

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1	+ {"tags":{"author":["Joseph Poore","Guillaume Royer"],"contributor":["Juliet Telfer","James Bradbury"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Fuel"],"tab":["EMEP-EEA (2019)"]},"content":"# SO2, to air, fuel combustion\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/fuel/so2ToAirFuelCombustion/emepEea2019.json ADDED Viewed

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Joseph Poore","Guillaume Royer"],"contributor":["Juliet Telfer","James Bradbury"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Fuel"],"tab":["EMEP-EEA (2019)"],"modelId":["so2ToAirFuelCombustion"],"modelRequires":["electricityFuel"]},"content":"# SO2, to air, fuel combustion\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"collapsibles\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Returns</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission\">Emissions</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/so2ToAirFuelCombustion\">so2ToAirFuelCombustion</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodModel\">methodModel</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/emepEea2019\">emepEea2019</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#value\">value</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#inputs\">inputs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#operation\">operation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodTier\">methodTier</a> with <code>tier 1</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Requirements</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle\">Cycle</a> with:<ul>\n<li>either:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#inputs\">inputs</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#value\">value</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#term\">term</a> of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Term#termType\">termType</a> = <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary?termType=fuel\">fuel</a> and optional:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#operation\">operation</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Data completeness assessment for electricityFuel: <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Completeness#electricityFuel\">completeness.electricityFuel</a> must be <code>True</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>This model works on the following Node type with identical requirements:</p>\n <ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle\">Cycle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Transformation\">Transformation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Transport\">Transport</a></li>\n</ul></div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Lookups used</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/fuel.csv\">fuel.csv</a> -> <code>so2ToAirFuelCombustionEmepEea2019</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/operation.csv\">operation.csv</a> -> <code>so2ToAirFuelCombustionEmepEea2019</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/emission.csv\">emission.csv</a> -> <code>typesAllowed</code></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n \n</div>"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/inputs/content.json ADDED Viewed

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1	+ {"tags":{},"content":"# Inputs"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/inputs/cycle-inputs-background-emissions/content.json ADDED Viewed

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1	+ {"tags":{},"content":"Please contact us at community@hestia.earth for instructions to download the required file to run the model.\n\n# Background Emissions"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/inputs/cycle-inputs-background-emissions/ecoaliMv9.json ADDED Viewed

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Joseph Poore","Guillaume Royer","Lloyd Ashby"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Inputs"],"modelId":["cycle-inputs-background-emissions","cycle"],"tab":["ECOALIM v9"]},"content":"# ECOALIM v9\n\nThis model calculates background environmental impact data related to the production of feed ingredients from the [ECOALIM database](https://ecoalim.hub.inrae.fr/), version 9 (publ. Dec 2024).\nECOALIM v9 is part of Agribalyse v3.2.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"collapsibles\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Returns</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission\">Emissions</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodModel\">methodModel</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/ecoalimV9\">ecoalimV9</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#term\">term</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#value\">value</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodTier\">methodTier</a> with <code>background</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#inputs\">inputs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#operation\">operation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#animals\">animals</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Requirements</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle\">Cycle</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#inputs\">inputs</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code> and none of:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#fromCycle\">fromCycle</a> with <code>True</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#producedInCycle\">producedInCycle</a> with <code>True</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>optional:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#animals\">animals</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Animal#inputs\">inputs</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code> and none of:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#fromCycle\">fromCycle</a> with <code>True</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#producedInCycle\">producedInCycle</a> with <code>True</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Lookups used</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/ecoalim-emission.csv\">ecoalim-emission.csv</a> -> <code>emission-</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/emission.csv\">emission.csv</a> -> <code>inputProductionGroupId</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/animalProduct.csv\">animalProduct.csv</a> -> <code>ecoalimMapping</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/crop.csv\">crop.csv</a> -> <code>ecoalimMapping</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/feedFoodAdditive.csv\">feedFoodAdditive.csv</a> -> <code>ecoalimMapping</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/forage.csv\">forage.csv</a> -> <code>ecoalimMapping</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/processedFood.csv\">processedFood.csv</a> -> <code>ecoalimMapping</code></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n \n</div>"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/inputs/cycle-inputs-background-emissions/ecoinventv3.json ADDED Viewed

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Joseph Poore","Guillaume Royer","Lloyd Ashby"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Inputs"],"modelId":["cycle-inputs-background-emissions","cycle"],"tab":["ecoinvent v3"]},"content":"# ecoinvent v3\n\nThis model calculates background emissions related to the production of Inputs from the ecoinvent database, version `3.9`.\n\nNote: to use the `ecoinventV3` model locally or in the [HESTIA Community Edition](https://gitlab.com/hestia-earth/hestia-community-edition) you need a valid ecoinvent license.\nPlease contact us at community@hestia.earth for instructions to download the required file to run the model.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"collapsibles\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Returns</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission\">Emissions</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodModel\">methodModel</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/ecoinventV3\">ecoinventV3</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#term\">term</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#value\">value</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodTier\">methodTier</a> with <code>background</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#inputs\">inputs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#operation\">operation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#animals\">animals</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Requirements</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle\">Cycle</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#inputs\">inputs</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code> and none of:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#fromCycle\">fromCycle</a> with <code>True</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#producedInCycle\">producedInCycle</a> with <code>True</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>optional:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#animals\">animals</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Animal#inputs\">inputs</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code> and none of:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#fromCycle\">fromCycle</a> with <code>True</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#producedInCycle\">producedInCycle</a> with <code>True</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Lookups used</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/emission.csv\">emission.csv</a> -> <code>inputProductionGroupId</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/electricity.csv\">electricity.csv</a> -> <code>ecoinventMapping</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/fuel.csv\">fuel.csv</a> -> <code>ecoinventMapping</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/inorganicFertiliser.csv\">inorganicFertiliser.csv</a> -> <code>ecoinventMapping</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/material.csv\">material.csv</a> -> <code>ecoinventMapping</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/pesticideAI.csv\">pesticideAI.csv</a> -> <code>ecoinventMapping</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/soilAmendment.csv\">soilAmendment.csv</a> -> <code>ecoinventMapping</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/transport.csv\">transport.csv</a> -> <code>ecoinventMapping</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/veterinaryDrugs.csv\">veterinaryDrugs.csv</a> -> <code>ecoinventMapping</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/feedFoodAdditive.csv\">feedFoodAdditive.csv</a> -> <code>ecoinventMapping</code></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n \n</div>"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/inputs/cycle-inputs-background-emissions/ecoinventv3AndEmberClimate.json ADDED Viewed

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Guillaume Royer"],"contributor":["James Bradbury"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Inputs"],"modelId":["cycle-inputs-background-emissions","cycle"],"tab":["ecoinvent v3 and Ember Climate"],"modelRequires":["electricityFuel","electricityGridMarketMix","electricityGridRenewableMix"]},"content":"# ecoinvent v3 and Ember Climate\n\n## Overview\n\nThis model calculates background emissions related to the production of Inputs from the ecoinvent database, version 3, and using the percentage of production for each energy source from\n[Ember](https://ember-climate.org/data-catalogue/yearly-electricity-data/).\n\n## Data sources\n\n[Ember](https://ember-climate.org/data-catalogue/yearly-electricity-data/) is used to get the percentage of energy production in each country from each source.\n\n[ecoinvent](https://ecoinvent.org/) is used to find the emissions intensity of each source of energy production.\n\nNote: to use the `ecoinventV3AndEmberClimate` model locally or in the [Hestia Community Edition](https://gitlab.com/hestia-earth/hestia-community-edition) you need a valid ecoinvent license.\nPlease contact us at community@hestia.earth for instructions to download the required file to run the model.\n\n## Model logic\n\n1. Mappings between Ember and ecoinvent terms are accessed from a glossary lookup.\n2. Emission intensity values are accessed from ecoinvent\n3. Ember ratios for the country of the [cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) are accessed from glossary lookup\n4. Each input value is multiplied by the intensity (step 2)\n5. Each recalculated Emission is grouped by Input (step 4)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"collapsibles\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Returns</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission\">Emissions</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodModel\">methodModel</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/ecoinventV3AndEmberClimate\">ecoinventV3AndEmberClimate</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#term\">term</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#value\">value</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodTier\">methodTier</a> with <code>background</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#inputs\">inputs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#operation\">operation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#animals\">animals</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Requirements</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle\">Cycle</a> with:<ul>\n<li>Data completeness assessment for electricityFuel: <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Completeness#electricityFuel\">completeness.electricityFuel</a> must be <code>True</code></li>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#site\">site</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Site#country\">country</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Term#termType\">termType</a> = <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary?termType=region\">region</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#inputs\">inputs</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/electricityGridMarketMix\">electricityGridMarketMix</a> <strong>or</strong> <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/electricityGridRenewableMix\">electricityGridRenewableMix</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code> and none of:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#fromCycle\">fromCycle</a> with <code>True</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#producedInCycle\">producedInCycle</a> with <code>True</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>optional:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#animals\">animals</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Animal#inputs\">inputs</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/electricityGridMarketMix\">electricityGridMarketMix</a> <strong>or</strong> <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/electricityGridRenewableMix\">electricityGridRenewableMix</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code> and none of:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#fromCycle\">fromCycle</a> with <code>True</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#producedInCycle\">producedInCycle</a> with <code>True</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Lookups used</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/emission.csv\">emission.csv</a> -> <code>inputProductionGroupId</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/electricity.csv\">electricity.csv</a> -> <code>ecoinventMapping</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/region-ember-energySources.csv\">region-ember-energySources.csv</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/ember-ecoinvent-mapping.csv\">ember-ecoinvent-mapping.csv</a> -> <code>ember</code>; <code>ecoinventId</code>; <code>ecoinventName</code></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n \n</div>"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/inputs/cycle-inputs-background-emissions/freeflow.json ADDED Viewed

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Joseph Poore","Guillaume Royer"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Inputs"],"modelId":["cycle-inputs-background-emissions","default_emissions"],"tab":["Free flow"]},"content":"# Background Emissions\n\nManure and some other organic fertilisers are considered free flows in LCA. This model will add `0` values for background emissions on those inputs.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"collapsibles\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Returns</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission\">Emissions</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodModel\">methodModel</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/hestia\">hestia</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#value\">value</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#inputs\">inputs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodTier\">methodTier</a> with <code>background</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Requirements</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle\">Cycle</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#inputs\">inputs</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code> and none of:<ul>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#impactAssessment\">impactAssessment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#fromCycle\">fromCycle</a> with <code>True</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#producedInCycle\">producedInCycle</a> with <code>True</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Lookups used</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/emission.csv\">emission.csv</a> -> <code>inHestiaDefaultSystemBoundary</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/organicFertiliser.csv\">organicFertiliser.csv</a> -> <code>backgroundEmissionsResourceUseDefaultValue</code></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n \n</div>"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/inputs/cycle-inputs-background-emissions/linkedImpactAssessment.json ADDED Viewed

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Guillaume Royer"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Inputs"],"modelId":["cycle-inputs-background-emissions","emissions"],"tab":["Linked Impact Assessment"]},"content":"# Background Emissions\n\nA model which takes recalculated data from an Impact Assessment linked to an Input in a Cycle, and copies them over to the Cycle.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"collapsibles\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Returns</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission\">Emissions</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodModel\">methodModel</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/linkedImpactAssessment\">linkedImpactAssessment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#value\">value</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodTier\">methodTier</a> with <code>background</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#inputs\">inputs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#operation\">operation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#animals\">animals</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Requirements</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle\">Cycle</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#inputs\">inputs</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code> and a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#impactAssessment\">impactAssessment</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment#emissionsResourceUse\">emissionsResourceUses</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#value\">value</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>optional:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#animals\">animals</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Animal#inputs\">inputs</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code> and a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#impactAssessment\">impactAssessment</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment#emissionsResourceUse\">emissionsResourceUses</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#value\">value</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Lookups used</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/emission.csv\">emission.csv</a> -> <code>inputProductionGroupId</code></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n \n</div>"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/inputs/cycle-inputs-background-emissions/seed.json ADDED Viewed

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Valentina Caldart"],"contributor":["Guillaume Royer","Joseph Poore"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Inputs"],"modelId":["cycle-inputs-background-emissions","seed_emissions"],"tab":["Seed"],"modelRequires":["product"]},"content":"# Background Emissions\n\nThis model uses the `emissions` recalculated from the current `Cycle` to estimate the `emissions` associated with producing the `Input` with `termType` = `seed`.\n\nThese are the steps:\n\n1. Recalculate all emissions for the Cycle of interest;\n2. Group Cycle emissions based on their `inputProductionGroupId` lookup value and sum them up;\n3. Divide the sum of each emission group by the average crop yield (from FAOSTAT) to get emissions per kg of product;\n4. Multiply by `seed.value` to get total background `emissions` from seed production per ha.\n\n## Special cases\n\nWhen the lookup `cropGroupingFaostatProductionProxy` is set on the `crop`:\n- this grouping is used instead of `cropGroupingFaostatProduction` to get the FAOSTAT yield;\n- the lookup `global_economic_value_share` is not used, only the Product `economicValueShare`.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"collapsibles\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Returns</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission\">Emissions</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodModel\">methodModel</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/hestia\">hestia</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#value\">value</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#inputs\">inputs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodTier\">methodTier</a> with <code>background</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Requirements</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle\">Cycle</a> with:<ul>\n<li>Data completeness assessment for product: <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Completeness#product\">completeness.product</a> must be <code>True</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#endDate\">endDate</a></li>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#inputs\">inputs</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#term\">term</a> of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Term#termType\">termType</a> = <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary?termType=seed\">seed</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code> and none of:<ul>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#impactAssessment\">impactAssessment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#fromCycle\">fromCycle</a> with <code>True</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#producedInCycle\">producedInCycle</a> with <code>True</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#products\">products</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Product#term\">term</a> of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Term#termType\">termType</a> = <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary?termType=crop\">crop</a> and optional:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Product#economicValueShare\">economicValueShare</a> <code>> 0</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#site\">site</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Site#siteType\">siteType</a> with <code>cropland</code> <strong>or</strong> <code>glass or high accessible cover</code> and a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Site#country\">country</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Term#termType\">termType</a> = <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary?termType=region\">region</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#emissions\">emissions</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#value\">value</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Lookups used</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/region-crop-cropGroupingFaostatProduction-yield.csv\">region-crop-cropGroupingFaostatProduction-yield.csv</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/crop.csv\">crop.csv</a> -> <code>correspondingSeedTermIds</code>; <code>cropGroupingFaostatProduction</code>; <code>cropGroupingFaostatProductionProxy</code>; <code>global_economic_value_share</code>; <code>landCoverTermId</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/emission.csv\">emission.csv</a> -> <code>inputProductionGroupId</code></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n \n</div>"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/inputs/freshwaterWithdrawalsInputsProduction/content.json ADDED Viewed

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1	+ {"tags":{"author":["Guillaume Royer"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Inputs"],"tab":["Linked Impact Assessment"]},"content":"# Freshwater withdrawals, inputs production\n\n\n\n\n"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/inputs/freshwaterWithdrawalsInputsProduction/linkedImpactAssessment.json ADDED Viewed

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Guillaume Royer"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Inputs"],"tab":["Linked Impact Assessment"],"modelId":["freshwaterWithdrawalsInputsProduction"],"modelRequires":["freshwaterWithdrawalsDuringCycle","freshwaterWithdrawalsInputsProduction"]},"content":"# Freshwater withdrawals, inputs production\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"collapsibles\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Returns</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator\">Indicators</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/freshwaterWithdrawalsInputsProduction\">freshwaterWithdrawalsInputsProduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#methodModel\">methodModel</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/linkedImpactAssessment\">linkedImpactAssessment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#value\">value</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#inputs\">inputs</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Requirements</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment\">ImpactAssessment</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment#product\">product</a></li>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment#cycle\">cycle</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#products\">products</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Product#primary\">primary</a> = <code>True</code> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Product#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Product#economicValueShare\">economicValueShare</a> <code>> 0</code> and a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#inputs\">inputs</a> with:</li>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#impactAssessment\">impactAssessment</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment#emissionsResourceUse\">emissionsResourceUses</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/freshwaterWithdrawalsDuringCycle\">freshwaterWithdrawalsDuringCycle</a> <strong>or</strong> <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/freshwaterWithdrawalsInputsProduction\">freshwaterWithdrawalsInputsProduction</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n \n \n</div>"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/inputs/landOccupationInputsProduction/content.json ADDED Viewed

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1	+ {"tags":{"author":["Guillaume Royer"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Inputs"],"tab":["Linked Impact Assessment"]},"content":"# Land occupation, inputs production\n\n\n\n\n"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/inputs/landOccupationInputsProduction/linkedImpactAssessment.json ADDED Viewed

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Guillaume Royer"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Inputs"],"tab":["Linked Impact Assessment"],"modelId":["landOccupationInputsProduction"],"modelRequires":["landOccupationDuringCycle","landOccupationInputsProduction"]},"content":"# Land occupation, inputs production\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"collapsibles\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Returns</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator\">Indicators</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/landOccupationInputsProduction\">landOccupationInputsProduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#methodModel\">methodModel</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/linkedImpactAssessment\">linkedImpactAssessment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#value\">value</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#inputs\">inputs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#landCover\">landCover</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Requirements</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment\">ImpactAssessment</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment#product\">product</a></li>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment#cycle\">cycle</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#products\">products</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Product#primary\">primary</a> = <code>True</code> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Product#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Product#economicValueShare\">economicValueShare</a> <code>> 0</code> and a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#inputs\">inputs</a> with:</li>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#impactAssessment\">impactAssessment</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment#emissionsResourceUse\">emissionsResourceUses</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/landOccupationDuringCycle\">landOccupationDuringCycle</a> <strong>or</strong> <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/landOccupationInputsProduction\">landOccupationInputsProduction</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n \n \n</div>"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/inputs/landTransformation100YearAverageInputsProduction/content.json ADDED Viewed

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1	+ {"tags":{"author":["Guillaume Royer"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Inputs"],"tab":["Linked Impact Assessment"]},"content":"# Land transformation, 100 year average, inputs production\n\n\n\n\n"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/inputs/landTransformation100YearAverageInputsProduction/linkedImpactAssessment.json ADDED Viewed

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Guillaume Royer"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Inputs"],"tab":["Linked Impact Assessment"],"modelId":["landTransformation100YearAverageInputsProduction"],"modelRequires":["landTransformation100YearAverageDuringCycle","landTransformation100YearAverageInputsProduction"]},"content":"# Land transformation, 100 year average, inputs production\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"collapsibles\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Returns</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator\">Indicators</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/landTransformation100YearAverageInputsProduction\">landTransformation100YearAverageInputsProduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#methodModel\">methodModel</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/linkedImpactAssessment\">linkedImpactAssessment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#value\">value</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#inputs\">inputs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#landCover\">landCover</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#previousLandCover\">previousLandCover</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Requirements</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment\">ImpactAssessment</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment#product\">product</a></li>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment#cycle\">cycle</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#products\">products</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Product#primary\">primary</a> = <code>True</code> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Product#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Product#economicValueShare\">economicValueShare</a> <code>> 0</code> and a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#inputs\">inputs</a> with:</li>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#impactAssessment\">impactAssessment</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment#emissionsResourceUse\">emissionsResourceUses</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/landTransformation100YearAverageDuringCycle\">landTransformation100YearAverageDuringCycle</a> <strong>or</strong> <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/landTransformation100YearAverageInputsProduction\">landTransformation100YearAverageInputsProduction</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n \n \n</div>"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/inputs/landTransformation20YearAverageInputsProduction/content.json ADDED Viewed

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1	+ {"tags":{"author":["Guillaume Royer"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Inputs"],"tab":["Linked Impact Assessment"]},"content":"# Land transformation, 20 year average, inputs production\n\n\n\n\n"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/inputs/landTransformation20YearAverageInputsProduction/linkedImpactAssessment.json ADDED Viewed

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Guillaume Royer"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Inputs"],"tab":["Linked Impact Assessment"],"modelId":["landTransformation20YearAverageInputsProduction"],"modelRequires":["landTransformation20YearAverageDuringCycle","landTransformation20YearAverageInputsProduction"]},"content":"# Land transformation, 20 year average, inputs production\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"collapsibles\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Returns</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator\">Indicators</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/landTransformation20YearAverageInputsProduction\">landTransformation20YearAverageInputsProduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#methodModel\">methodModel</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/linkedImpactAssessment\">linkedImpactAssessment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#value\">value</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#inputs\">inputs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#landCover\">landCover</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#previousLandCover\">previousLandCover</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Requirements</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment\">ImpactAssessment</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment#product\">product</a></li>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment#cycle\">cycle</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#products\">products</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Product#primary\">primary</a> = <code>True</code> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Product#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Product#economicValueShare\">economicValueShare</a> <code>> 0</code> and a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#inputs\">inputs</a> with:</li>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Input#impactAssessment\">impactAssessment</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/ImpactAssessment#emissionsResourceUse\">emissionsResourceUses</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/landTransformation20YearAverageDuringCycle\">landTransformation20YearAverageDuringCycle</a> <strong>or</strong> <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/landTransformation20YearAverageInputsProduction\">landTransformation20YearAverageInputsProduction</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Indicator#value\">value</a> <code>> 0</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n \n \n</div>"}

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Florian Payen"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Land Use Change"],"tab":["IPCC (2019)"],"citation":["Payen, F. (2025) Above ground biomass modelling on HESTIA."]},"content":"# CO2, to air, above ground biomass stock change\n\nCarbon dioxide emissions to air, from above ground biomass stock change. Above ground biomass is defined as terrestrial living woody or herbaceous vegetation 2 mm in size or greater.\n\n## Overview\n\nThis model calculates the annual emissions from above ground biomass stock changes and assigns them to [Cycles](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) that take place during those years. It can allocate these emissions to two HESTIA terms:\n\n1. [`co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeLandUseChange`](https://www.hestia.earth/term/co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeLandUseChange) - stock change emissions that occur in the 20 years after a land-use change event\n2. [`co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange`](https://www.hestia.earth/term/co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange) - stock change emissions that occur more than 20 years after a land-use change event\n\nThe model is run as a Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations. Model result values are the row-wise `mean` of simulation results. See our guide on [Monte Carlo simulation](/guide/applying-models-monte-carlo) for more information.\n\n## How the model works\n\n### Step 1. Build an annual inventory of above ground biomass measurements\n\nAn annual inventory of `aboveGroundBiomass` [Measurement](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) values is created. These values represent the amount of organic carbon stored in the above ground biomass at the **end of each inventory year**.\n\n[Measurements](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) are grouped by `methodClassification`. It is critical that different methods are **never mixed** when calculating changes in carbon stock, as this could lead to large and misleading differences. Instead, the model processes each `methodClassification` separately and includes only the emissions calculated using the **strongest available method** in the final output.\n\nOnly [Measurements](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) with specific `methodClassification` values are included. All others are ignored. The valid classifications, listed from strongest to weakest, are:\n\n- `on-site physical measurement`\n- `modelled using other measurements`\n- `tier 3 model`\n- `tier 2 model`\n- `tier 1 model`\n\nEach carbon stock value must correspond to the timestamp `YYYY-12-31T23:59:59` — the end of the inventory year. If no [Measurement](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) exists for this exact time, the value is estimated using linear interpolation between the closest available measurements before and after the target date.\n\n| Year | `on-site physical measurement`<sup>\\*</sup> | `tier 1 model`<sup>\\*</sup> |\n| ---- | ------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |\n| 2002 | 48000 | - |\n| 2003 | 47000 | - |\n| 2004 | 45000 | 52350 |\n| 2005 | 44500 | 51125 |\n| 2006 | 44000 | 49900 |\n| 2007 | 43500 | - |\n\n<sup>\\*</sup>Above ground biomass stock (kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>)\n\nIn this scenario, the values of the `on-site physical measurement` column will be retained because it is the stronger `methodClassification`. The values of the `tier 1 model` will be discarded.\n\n### Step 2. Resample stock values for Monte Carlo simulation\n\nTo run the model as a Monte Carlo simulation, we need to generate an array of random samples for the `aboveGroundBiomass` stock in each inventory year. These samples are drawn from a normal distribution defined by the `value` (mean) and `sd` of each year.\n\nIdeally, we would re-use the full set of iteration results from the [`ipcc2019.aboveGroundBiomass`](./aboveGroundBiomass) model's Monto Carlo simulation. However, HESTIA nodes can only store row-wise summaries of Monte Carlo simulation results. This means the full iteration-level data is not available for use in downstream models, so we lose the correlation between years in each simulation run.\n\nTo maintain realistic, coherent simulation behaviour:\n\n- Within each simulation run (column): Values across years (rows) should be correlated. If year 0 is a high value, we expect subsequent years to also be relatively high\n- Across simulation runs (columns): Values should be independent from one another\n\nFor this, we need to generate our new random samples with correlation by treating the inventory as a time series, where:\n\n- Rows = time steps (years)\n- Columns = independent Monte Carlo runs\n\nTo model the correlation between years, we assume that similarity in stock values decreases with time. Closer years are more correlated than years further apart. This is modelled using exponential decay, with a half-life of 20 years (based on the IPCC's default transition period for carbon stock equilibrium).\n\nUsing this correlation structure, we generate samples from a multivariate normal distribution, ensuring temporal correlation within runs and independence between runs.\n\nSee the Scipy Cookbook on [Correlated Random Samples](https://scipy-cookbook.readthedocs.io/items/CorrelatedRandomSamples.html) for more information.\n\nCarbon stock values without a corresponding `sd` are given a nominal error of 75% ($2*{sd}$ as a percentage of the mean).\n\n### Step 3. Calculate the annual CO<sub>2</sub> emission (or removal) due to above ground biomass stock change\n\nNext, the carbon stock change and the associated CO<sub>2</sub> change can be calculated for each inventory year:\n\n$\\Delta CO_2 = -1 * (C_y - C\\_{y-1}) * \\frac{44.01}{12.012}$\n\nWhere:\n\n- $\\Delta CO_2$ = the CO<sub>2</sub> emission due to carbon stock change for year $y$, kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>.\n- $C_y$ = the carbon stock in year $y$, kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>.\n- $C_{y-1}$ = the carbon stock in year $y-1$x, kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>.\n- $\\frac{44.01}{12.012}$ = the ratio of the atomic mass of CO<sub>$2$</sub> to C.\n\n_n.b._, the value is multiplied by $-1$ as a reduction in carbon stock is associated with an emission of CO<sub>2</sub> and vice versa.\n\n| Year | C stock (kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>) | C stock change (kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>) | CO<sub>2</sub> emission (kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>) |\n| ---- | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |\n| 2002 | 48000 | n/a | n/a |\n| 2003 | 47000 | -1000 | 3664 |\n| 2004 | 45000 | -2000 | 7328 |\n| 2005 | 44500 | -500 | 1832 |\n| 2006 | 44000 | -500 | 1832 |\n| 2007 | 43500 | -500 | 1832 |\n\n### Step 4. Allocate the CO<sub>2</sub> emission to overlapping cycles\n\n[Measurements](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement), such as `aboveGroundBiomass`, are attached to [Site](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Site) nodes. In the HESTIA schema, a single [Site](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Site) can be linked to multiple [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) nodes. However, emission models are run **per [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle)**.\n\nTo ensure emissions are correctly allocated, the `ipcc2019.co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChange` model gathers data from all [Cycles](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) associated with the same [Site](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Site).\n\nEmissions from changes in carbon stock should only be assigned to a [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) if that Cycle meaningfully overlaps with the inventory year in which the stock change occurred.\n\nIf multiple [Cycles](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) overlap the same inventory year, the emission for that year is **shared proportionally** based on the number of overlapping days. For example:\n\n- `cycle-y` overlaps by 200 days\n- `cycle-z` overlaps by 100 days\n\nThen:\n\n- `cycle-y` receives **66.6%** of the emission\n- `cycle-z` receives **33.3%**\n\n_n.b._, The total share of emissions across all overlapping [Cycles](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) **must always sum to 100%** to avoid under- or over-reporting.\n\n#### Emissions across multiple years\n\nIf a [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) overlaps with **multiple inventory years**, it should be assigned the **sum of its proportional shares** from each of those years.\n\n<div class=\"table-container is-responsive\">\n <table class=\"table is-fullwidth is-hoverable is-striped\">\n <tr>\n <th>Year</th>\n <th>\n Total emission(kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>)\n </th>\n <th>Cycle ID</th>\n <th>Share of emission (%)</th>\n <th>\n Cycle emission(kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>)\n </th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>2003</td>\n <td>3664</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a0\n </td>\n <td>100</td>\n <td>3664</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td rowspan=\"2\">2004</td>\n <td rowspan=\"2\">7328</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a1\n </td>\n <td>50</td>\n <td>3664</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\n cycle-a2\n </td>\n <td>50</td>\n <td>3664</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>2005</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a3\n </td>\n <td>100</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>2006</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a3\n </td>\n <td>100</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>2007</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a3\n </td>\n <td>100</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n </tr>\n </table>\n</div>\n\n| Cycle ID | `co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange`(kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>) |\n| ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |\n| `cycle-a0` | 3664 |\n| `cycle-a1` | 3664 |\n| `cycle-a2` | 3664 |\n| `cycle-a3` | 5496 |\n\n### Step 5. Assign an emission tier\n\nThe `methodTier` assigned to the emission node on each [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) reflects the **weakest** measurement method used in its calculation.\n\nFor example, if a [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle)'s final emission is calculated by summing together the emissions of two inventory years, where:\n\n- One year uses [Measurements](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) with `methodClassification = tier 1 model`\n- The other year uses `methodClassification = tier 2 model`\n\nThe resulting `methodTier` will be `tier 1`, since it is the **weakest** method involved.\n\nThe mapping between Measurement `methodClassification` and Emission `methodTier` is:\n\n| Measurement `methodClassification` | Emission `methodTier` |\n| ----------------------------------- | --------------------- |\n| `on-site physical measurement` | `measured` |\n| `modelled using other measurements` | `measured` |\n| `tier 3 model` | `tier 3` |\n| `tier 2 model` | `tier 2` |\n| `tier 1 model` | `tier 1` |\n\n### Step 6. Allocate the CO<sub>2</sub> emission to land-use change or management change\n\nIn line with reporting requirements, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from stock changes must be classified as either:\n\n- due to land-use change (LUC), or\n- due to management change.\n\nIn HESTIA, the presence or absence of a blank node matters: returning no node is not the same as returning a node with 0 emissions. To ensure consistency, the model should always return two blank nodes (one for each category) if enough data is available.\n\n**Allocation rules**\n\nIf it is known whether the emission is due to LUC or management:\n\n- Return two blank nodes:\n 1. One node with the emission and the correct term.@id\n 2. One node with 0 emissions and the other term.@id\n\nIf it is unknown:\n\n- Return one blank node, allocating the full emission to management change\n\n**Decision criteria**\n\nAllocation is based on two factors:\n\n1. **Completeness of land-use data:**\n\n - No land-use data\n - Fewer than 20 years of data\n - At least 20 years of data\n\n2. **Presence of a land-use change event:**\n - No land-use change (LUC) event detected\n - LUC event detected\n\n| | No land use data (1) | < 20 years' land use data (2) | >= 20 years' land use data (3) |\n| ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| **No LUC event detected (a)** | allocate all emissions to management change (a1) | allocate all emissions to management change (a2) | allocate all emissions to management change **AND** add a land use change emission with value 0 (a3) |\n| **LUC event detected (b)** | n/a (b1) | allocate all emissions to land use change **AND** add a management change emission with value 0 (b2) | allocate all emissions to land use change **AND** add a management change emission with value 0 (b3) |\n\n## Example\n\nIn this example, we follow the above ground biomass stock of an olive orchard, which has not changed in land use for over 50 years. Therefore, all emissions should be allocated to management changes and a corresponding `0` emission should be allocated to land-use change.\n\nFor simplicity, the uncertainty of model inputs and outputs have been excluded.\n\n### Input\n\n#### Site\n\n```json\n{\n \"@id\": \"site-a\",\n \"@type\": \"Site\",\n \"siteType\": \"cropland\",\n \"management\": [\n {\n \"@type\": \"Management\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"oliveTree\"\n },\n \"value\": [100],\n \"startDate\": \"1960\",\n \"endDate\": \"2006\"\n }\n ],\n \"measurements\": [\n {\n \"@type\": \"Measurement\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"aboveGroundBiomass\"\n },\n \"value\": [43000],\n \"method\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"dates\": [\"2003-12-31\"],\n \"methodClassification\": \"tier 1 model\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Measurement\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"aboveGroundBiomass\"\n },\n \"value\": [44333.333],\n \"method\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"dates\": [\"2004-12-31\"],\n \"methodClassification\": \"tier 1 model\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Measurement\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"aboveGroundBiomass\"\n },\n \"value\": [45666.666],\n \"method\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"dates\": [\"2005-12-31\"],\n \"methodClassification\": \"tier 1 model\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Measurement\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"aboveGroundBiomass\"\n },\n \"value\": [47000],\n \"method\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"dates\": [\"2006-12-31\"],\n \"methodClassification\": \"tier 1 model\"\n }\n ]\n}\n```\n\n#### Cycle\n\n```json\n{\n \"@id\": \"cycle-a-04-06\",\n \"@type\": \"Cycle\",\n \"startDate\": \"2004\",\n \"endDate\": \"2006\",\n \"site\": {\n \"@id\": \"site-a\",\n \"@type\": \"Site\"\n },\n \"functionalUnit\": \"1 ha\"\n}\n```\n\n### Output\n\n```json\n[\n {\n \"@type\": \"Emission\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeLandUseChange\"\n },\n \"methodModel\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"value\": [0],\n \"methodTier\": \"tier 1\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Emission\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange\"\n },\n \"methodModel\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"value\": [-14655.344655],\n \"methodTier\": \"tier 1\"\n }\n]\n```\n\n\n\n\n\n"}

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Florian Payen"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Land Use Change"],"tab":["IPCC (2019)"],"citation":["Payen, F. (2025) Above ground biomass modelling on HESTIA."],"modelId":["co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeLandUseChange","co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange"],"modelRequires":["aboveGroundBiomass"]},"content":"# CO2, to air, above ground biomass stock change\n\nCarbon dioxide emissions to air, from above ground biomass stock change. Above ground biomass is defined as terrestrial living woody or herbaceous vegetation 2 mm in size or greater.\n\n## Overview\n\nThis model calculates the annual emissions from above ground biomass stock changes and assigns them to [Cycles](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) that take place during those years. It can allocate these emissions to two HESTIA terms:\n\n1. [`co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeLandUseChange`](https://www.hestia.earth/term/co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeLandUseChange) - stock change emissions that occur in the 20 years after a land-use change event\n2. [`co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange`](https://www.hestia.earth/term/co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange) - stock change emissions that occur more than 20 years after a land-use change event\n\nThe model is run as a Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations. Model result values are the row-wise `mean` of simulation results. See our guide on [Monte Carlo simulation](/guide/applying-models-monte-carlo) for more information.\n\n## How the model works\n\n### Step 1. Build an annual inventory of above ground biomass measurements\n\nAn annual inventory of `aboveGroundBiomass` [Measurement](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) values is created. These values represent the amount of organic carbon stored in the above ground biomass at the **end of each inventory year**.\n\n[Measurements](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) are grouped by `methodClassification`. It is critical that different methods are **never mixed** when calculating changes in carbon stock, as this could lead to large and misleading differences. Instead, the model processes each `methodClassification` separately and includes only the emissions calculated using the **strongest available method** in the final output.\n\nOnly [Measurements](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) with specific `methodClassification` values are included. All others are ignored. The valid classifications, listed from strongest to weakest, are:\n\n- `on-site physical measurement`\n- `modelled using other measurements`\n- `tier 3 model`\n- `tier 2 model`\n- `tier 1 model`\n\nEach carbon stock value must correspond to the timestamp `YYYY-12-31T23:59:59` — the end of the inventory year. If no [Measurement](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) exists for this exact time, the value is estimated using linear interpolation between the closest available measurements before and after the target date.\n\n| Year | `on-site physical measurement`<sup>\\*</sup> | `tier 1 model`<sup>\\*</sup> |\n| ---- | ------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |\n| 2002 | 48000 | - |\n| 2003 | 47000 | - |\n| 2004 | 45000 | 52350 |\n| 2005 | 44500 | 51125 |\n| 2006 | 44000 | 49900 |\n| 2007 | 43500 | - |\n\n<sup>\\*</sup>Above ground biomass stock (kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>)\n\nIn this scenario, the values of the `on-site physical measurement` column will be retained because it is the stronger `methodClassification`. The values of the `tier 1 model` will be discarded.\n\n### Step 2. Resample stock values for Monte Carlo simulation\n\nTo run the model as a Monte Carlo simulation, we need to generate an array of random samples for the `aboveGroundBiomass` stock in each inventory year. These samples are drawn from a normal distribution defined by the `value` (mean) and `sd` of each year.\n\nIdeally, we would re-use the full set of iteration results from the [`ipcc2019.aboveGroundBiomass`](./aboveGroundBiomass) model's Monto Carlo simulation. However, HESTIA nodes can only store row-wise summaries of Monte Carlo simulation results. This means the full iteration-level data is not available for use in downstream models, so we lose the correlation between years in each simulation run.\n\nTo maintain realistic, coherent simulation behaviour:\n\n- Within each simulation run (column): Values across years (rows) should be correlated. If year 0 is a high value, we expect subsequent years to also be relatively high\n- Across simulation runs (columns): Values should be independent from one another\n\nFor this, we need to generate our new random samples with correlation by treating the inventory as a time series, where:\n\n- Rows = time steps (years)\n- Columns = independent Monte Carlo runs\n\nTo model the correlation between years, we assume that similarity in stock values decreases with time. Closer years are more correlated than years further apart. This is modelled using exponential decay, with a half-life of 20 years (based on the IPCC's default transition period for carbon stock equilibrium).\n\nUsing this correlation structure, we generate samples from a multivariate normal distribution, ensuring temporal correlation within runs and independence between runs.\n\nSee the Scipy Cookbook on [Correlated Random Samples](https://scipy-cookbook.readthedocs.io/items/CorrelatedRandomSamples.html) for more information.\n\nCarbon stock values without a corresponding `sd` are given a nominal error of 75% ($2*{sd}$ as a percentage of the mean).\n\n### Step 3. Calculate the annual CO<sub>2</sub> emission (or removal) due to above ground biomass stock change\n\nNext, the carbon stock change and the associated CO<sub>2</sub> change can be calculated for each inventory year:\n\n$\\Delta CO_2 = -1 * (C_y - C\\_{y-1}) * \\frac{44.01}{12.012}$\n\nWhere:\n\n- $\\Delta CO_2$ = the CO<sub>2</sub> emission due to carbon stock change for year $y$, kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>.\n- $C_y$ = the carbon stock in year $y$, kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>.\n- $C_{y-1}$ = the carbon stock in year $y-1$x, kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>.\n- $\\frac{44.01}{12.012}$ = the ratio of the atomic mass of CO<sub>$2$</sub> to C.\n\n_n.b._, the value is multiplied by $-1$ as a reduction in carbon stock is associated with an emission of CO<sub>2</sub> and vice versa.\n\n| Year | C stock (kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>) | C stock change (kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>) | CO<sub>2</sub> emission (kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>) |\n| ---- | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |\n| 2002 | 48000 | n/a | n/a |\n| 2003 | 47000 | -1000 | 3664 |\n| 2004 | 45000 | -2000 | 7328 |\n| 2005 | 44500 | -500 | 1832 |\n| 2006 | 44000 | -500 | 1832 |\n| 2007 | 43500 | -500 | 1832 |\n\n### Step 4. Allocate the CO<sub>2</sub> emission to overlapping cycles\n\n[Measurements](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement), such as `aboveGroundBiomass`, are attached to [Site](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Site) nodes. In the HESTIA schema, a single [Site](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Site) can be linked to multiple [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) nodes. However, emission models are run **per [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle)**.\n\nTo ensure emissions are correctly allocated, the `ipcc2019.co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChange` model gathers data from all [Cycles](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) associated with the same [Site](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Site).\n\nEmissions from changes in carbon stock should only be assigned to a [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) if that Cycle meaningfully overlaps with the inventory year in which the stock change occurred.\n\nIf multiple [Cycles](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) overlap the same inventory year, the emission for that year is **shared proportionally** based on the number of overlapping days. For example:\n\n- `cycle-y` overlaps by 200 days\n- `cycle-z` overlaps by 100 days\n\nThen:\n\n- `cycle-y` receives **66.6%** of the emission\n- `cycle-z` receives **33.3%**\n\n_n.b._, The total share of emissions across all overlapping [Cycles](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) **must always sum to 100%** to avoid under- or over-reporting.\n\n#### Emissions across multiple years\n\nIf a [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) overlaps with **multiple inventory years**, it should be assigned the **sum of its proportional shares** from each of those years.\n\n<div class=\"table-container is-responsive\">\n <table class=\"table is-fullwidth is-hoverable is-striped\">\n <tr>\n <th>Year</th>\n <th>\n Total emission(kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>)\n </th>\n <th>Cycle ID</th>\n <th>Share of emission (%)</th>\n <th>\n Cycle emission(kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>)\n </th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>2003</td>\n <td>3664</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a0\n </td>\n <td>100</td>\n <td>3664</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td rowspan=\"2\">2004</td>\n <td rowspan=\"2\">7328</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a1\n </td>\n <td>50</td>\n <td>3664</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\n cycle-a2\n </td>\n <td>50</td>\n <td>3664</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>2005</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a3\n </td>\n <td>100</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>2006</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a3\n </td>\n <td>100</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>2007</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a3\n </td>\n <td>100</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n </tr>\n </table>\n</div>\n\n| Cycle ID | `co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange`(kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>) |\n| ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |\n| `cycle-a0` | 3664 |\n| `cycle-a1` | 3664 |\n| `cycle-a2` | 3664 |\n| `cycle-a3` | 5496 |\n\n### Step 5. Assign an emission tier\n\nThe `methodTier` assigned to the emission node on each [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) reflects the **weakest** measurement method used in its calculation.\n\nFor example, if a [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle)'s final emission is calculated by summing together the emissions of two inventory years, where:\n\n- One year uses [Measurements](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) with `methodClassification = tier 1 model`\n- The other year uses `methodClassification = tier 2 model`\n\nThe resulting `methodTier` will be `tier 1`, since it is the **weakest** method involved.\n\nThe mapping between Measurement `methodClassification` and Emission `methodTier` is:\n\n| Measurement `methodClassification` | Emission `methodTier` |\n| ----------------------------------- | --------------------- |\n| `on-site physical measurement` | `measured` |\n| `modelled using other measurements` | `measured` |\n| `tier 3 model` | `tier 3` |\n| `tier 2 model` | `tier 2` |\n| `tier 1 model` | `tier 1` |\n\n### Step 6. Allocate the CO<sub>2</sub> emission to land-use change or management change\n\nIn line with reporting requirements, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from stock changes must be classified as either:\n\n- due to land-use change (LUC), or\n- due to management change.\n\nIn HESTIA, the presence or absence of a blank node matters: returning no node is not the same as returning a node with 0 emissions. To ensure consistency, the model should always return two blank nodes (one for each category) if enough data is available.\n\n**Allocation rules**\n\nIf it is known whether the emission is due to LUC or management:\n\n- Return two blank nodes:\n 1. One node with the emission and the correct term.@id\n 2. One node with 0 emissions and the other term.@id\n\nIf it is unknown:\n\n- Return one blank node, allocating the full emission to management change\n\n**Decision criteria**\n\nAllocation is based on two factors:\n\n1. **Completeness of land-use data:**\n\n - No land-use data\n - Fewer than 20 years of data\n - At least 20 years of data\n\n2. **Presence of a land-use change event:**\n - No land-use change (LUC) event detected\n - LUC event detected\n\n| | No land use data (1) | < 20 years' land use data (2) | >= 20 years' land use data (3) |\n| ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| **No LUC event detected (a)** | allocate all emissions to management change (a1) | allocate all emissions to management change (a2) | allocate all emissions to management change **AND** add a land use change emission with value 0 (a3) |\n| **LUC event detected (b)** | n/a (b1) | allocate all emissions to land use change **AND** add a management change emission with value 0 (b2) | allocate all emissions to land use change **AND** add a management change emission with value 0 (b3) |\n\n## Example\n\nIn this example, we follow the above ground biomass stock of an olive orchard, which has not changed in land use for over 50 years. Therefore, all emissions should be allocated to management changes and a corresponding `0` emission should be allocated to land-use change.\n\nFor simplicity, the uncertainty of model inputs and outputs have been excluded.\n\n### Input\n\n#### Site\n\n```json\n{\n \"@id\": \"site-a\",\n \"@type\": \"Site\",\n \"siteType\": \"cropland\",\n \"management\": [\n {\n \"@type\": \"Management\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"oliveTree\"\n },\n \"value\": [100],\n \"startDate\": \"1960\",\n \"endDate\": \"2006\"\n }\n ],\n \"measurements\": [\n {\n \"@type\": \"Measurement\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"aboveGroundBiomass\"\n },\n \"value\": [43000],\n \"method\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"dates\": [\"2003-12-31\"],\n \"methodClassification\": \"tier 1 model\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Measurement\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"aboveGroundBiomass\"\n },\n \"value\": [44333.333],\n \"method\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"dates\": [\"2004-12-31\"],\n \"methodClassification\": \"tier 1 model\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Measurement\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"aboveGroundBiomass\"\n },\n \"value\": [45666.666],\n \"method\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"dates\": [\"2005-12-31\"],\n \"methodClassification\": \"tier 1 model\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Measurement\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"aboveGroundBiomass\"\n },\n \"value\": [47000],\n \"method\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"dates\": [\"2006-12-31\"],\n \"methodClassification\": \"tier 1 model\"\n }\n ]\n}\n```\n\n#### Cycle\n\n```json\n{\n \"@id\": \"cycle-a-04-06\",\n \"@type\": \"Cycle\",\n \"startDate\": \"2004\",\n \"endDate\": \"2006\",\n \"site\": {\n \"@id\": \"site-a\",\n \"@type\": \"Site\"\n },\n \"functionalUnit\": \"1 ha\"\n}\n```\n\n### Output\n\n```json\n[\n {\n \"@type\": \"Emission\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeLandUseChange\"\n },\n \"methodModel\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"value\": [0],\n \"methodTier\": \"tier 1\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Emission\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange\"\n },\n \"methodModel\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"value\": [-14655.344655],\n \"methodTier\": \"tier 1\"\n }\n]\n```\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"collapsibles\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Returns</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission\">Emissions</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeLandUseChange\">co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeLandUseChange</a> <strong>or</strong> <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange\">co2ToAirAboveGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodModel\">methodModel</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/ipcc2019\">ipcc2019</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#value\">value</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#sd\">sd</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#min\">min</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#max\">max</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#statsDefinition\">statsDefinition</a> with <code>simulated</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#observations\">observations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodTier\">methodTier</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Requirements</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle\">Cycle</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#site\">site</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Site#siteType\">siteType</a> with <code>forest</code> <strong>or</strong> <code>other natural vegetation</code> <strong>or</strong> <code>cropland</code> <strong>or</strong> <code>glass or high accessible cover</code> <strong>or</strong> <code>permanent pasture</code> and a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Site#measurements\">measurements</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Measurement#value\">value</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Measurement#dates\">dates</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Measurement#depthUpper\">depthUpper</a> with <code>0</code> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Measurement#depthLower\">depthLower</a> with <code>30</code> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Measurement#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/aboveGroundBiomass\">aboveGroundBiomass</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#functionalUnit\">functionalUnit</a> with <code>1 ha</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#endDate\">endDate</a></li>\n<li>optional:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#startDate\">startDate</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Lookups used</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/emission.csv\">emission.csv</a> -> <code>siteTypesAllowed</code>; <code>typesAllowed</code></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n \n</div>"}

package/dist/content/models/cycleEmissions/landUseChange/co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChange/content.json ADDED Viewed

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Florian Payen"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Land Use Change"],"tab":["IPCC (2019)"],"citation":["Payen, F. (2025) Below ground biomass modelling on HESTIA."]},"content":"# CO2, to air, below ground biomass stock change\n\nCarbon dioxide emissions to air, from below ground biomass stock change. Below ground biomass is defined as terrestrial living woody or herbaceous vegetation 2 mm in size or greater.\n\n## Overview\n\nThis model calculates the annual emissions from below ground biomass stock changes and assigns them to [Cycles](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) that take place during those years. It can allocate these emissions to two HESTIA terms:\n\n1. [`co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChangeLandUseChange`](https://www.hestia.earth/term/co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChangeLandUseChange) - stock change emissions that occur in the 20 years after a land-use change event\n2. [`co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange`](https://www.hestia.earth/term/co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange) - stock change emissions that occur more than 20 years after a land-use change event\n\nThe model is run as a Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations. Model result values are the row-wise `mean` of simulation results. See our guide on [Monte Carlo simulation](/guide/applying-models-monte-carlo) for more information.\n\n## How the model works\n\n### Step 1. Build an annual inventory of below ground biomass measurements\n\nAn annual inventory of `belowGroundBiomass` [Measurement](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) values is created. These values represent the amount of organic carbon stored in the below ground biomass at the **end of each inventory year**.\n\n[Measurements](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) are grouped by `methodClassification`. It is critical that different methods are **never mixed** when calculating changes in carbon stock, as this could lead to large and misleading differences. Instead, the model processes each `methodClassification` separately, and includes only the emissions calculated using the **strongest available method** in the final output.\n\nOnly [Measurements](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) with specific `methodClassification` values are included. All others are ignored. The valid classifications, listed from strongest to weakest, are:\n\n- `on-site physical measurement`\n- `modelled using other measurements`\n- `tier 3 model`\n- `tier 2 model`\n- `tier 1 model`\n\nEach carbon stock value must correspond to the timestamp `YYYY-12-31T23:59:59` — the end of the inventory year. If no [Measurement](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) exists for this exact time, the value is estimated using linear interpolation between the closest available measurements before and after the target date.\n\n| Year | `on-site physical measurement`<sup>\\*</sup> | `tier 1 model`<sup>\\*</sup> |\n| ---- | ------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |\n| 2002 | 48000 | - |\n| 2003 | 47000 | - |\n| 2004 | 45000 | 52350 |\n| 2005 | 44500 | 51125 |\n| 2006 | 44000 | 49900 |\n| 2007 | 43500 | - |\n\n<sup>\\*</sup>Below ground biomass stock (kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>)\n\nIn this scenario, the values of the `on-site physical measurement` column will be retained because it is the stronger `methodClassification`. The values of the `tier 1 model` will be discarded.\n\n### Step 2. Resample stock values for Monte Carlo simulation\n\nTo run the model as a Monte Carlo simulation, we need to generate an array of random samples for the `belowGroundBiomass` stock in each inventory year. These samples are drawn from a normal distribution defined by the `value` (mean) and `sd` of each year.\n\nIdeally, we would re-use the full set of iteration results from the [`ipcc2019.belowGroundBiomass`](./belowGroundBiomass) model's Monto Carlo simulation. However, HESTIA nodes can only store row-wise summaries of Monte Carlo simulation results. This means the full iteration-level data is not available for use in downstream models, so we lose the correlation between years in each simulation run.\n\nTo maintain realistic, coherent simulation behaviour:\n\n- Within each simulation run (column): Values across years (rows) should be correlated. If year 0 is a high value, we expect subsequent years to also be relatively high\n- Across simulation runs (columns): Values should be independent from one another\n\nFor this, we need to generate our new random samples with correlation by treating the inventory as a time series, where:\n\n- Rows = time steps (years)\n- Columns = independent Monte Carlo runs\n\nTo model the correlation between years, we assume that similarity in stock values decreases with time. Closer years are more correlated than years further apart. This is modelled using exponential decay, with a half-life of 20 years (based on the IPCC's default transition period for carbon stock equilibrium).\n\nUsing this correlation structure, we generate samples from a multivariate normal distribution, ensuring temporal correlation within runs and independence between runs.\n\nSee the Scipy Cookbook on [Correlated Random Samples](https://scipy-cookbook.readthedocs.io/items/CorrelatedRandomSamples.html) for more information.\n\nCarbon stock values without a corresponding `sd` are given a nominal error of 75% ($2*{sd}$ as a percentage of the mean).\n\n### Step 3. Calculate the annual CO<sub>2</sub> emission (or removal) due to below ground biomass stock change\n\nNext, the carbon stock change and the associated CO<sub>2</sub> change can be calculated for each inventory year:\n\n$\\Delta CO_2 = -1 * (C_y - C\\_{y-1}) * \\frac{44.01}{12.012}$\n\nWhere:\n\n- $\\Delta CO_2$ = the CO<sub>2</sub> emission due to carbon stock change for year $y$, kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>.\n- $C_y$ = the carbon stock in year $y$, kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>.\n- $C_{y-1}$ = the carbon stock in year $y-1$x, kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>.\n- $\\frac{44.01}{12.012}$ = the ratio of the atomic mass of CO<sub>$2$</sub> to C.\n\n_n.b._, the value is multiplied by $-1$ as a reduction in carbon stock is associated with an emission of CO<sub>2</sub> and vice versa.\n\n| Year | C stock (kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>) | C stock change (kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>) | CO<sub>2</sub> emission (kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>) |\n| ---- | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |\n| 2002 | 48000 | n/a | n/a |\n| 2003 | 47000 | -1000 | 3664 |\n| 2004 | 45000 | -2000 | 7328 |\n| 2005 | 44500 | -500 | 1832 |\n| 2006 | 44000 | -500 | 1832 |\n| 2007 | 43500 | -500 | 1832 |\n\n### Step 4. Allocate the CO<sub>2</sub> emission to overlapping Cycles\n\n[Measurements](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement), such as `belowGroundBiomass`, are attached to [Site](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Site) nodes. In the HESTIA schema, a single [Site](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Site) can be linked to multiple [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) nodes. However, emission models are run **per [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle)**.\n\nTo ensure emissions are correctly allocated, the `ipcc2019.co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChange` model gathers data from all [Cycles](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) associated with the same [Site](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Site).\n\nEmissions from changes in carbon stock should only be assigned to a [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) if that Cycle meaningfully overlaps with the inventory year in which the stock change occurred.\n\nIf multiple [Cycles](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) overlap the same inventory year, the emission for that year is **shared proportionally** based on the number of overlapping days. For example:\n\n- `cycle-y` overlaps by 200 days\n- `cycle-z` overlaps by 100 days\n\nThen:\n\n- `cycle-y` receives **66.6%** of the emission\n- `cycle-z` receives **33.3%**\n\n_n.b._, The total share of emissions across all overlapping [Cycles](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) **must always sum to 100%** to avoid under- or over-reporting.\n\n#### Emissions across multiple years\n\nIf a [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) overlaps with **multiple inventory years**, it should be assigned the **sum of its proportional shares** from each of those years.\n\n<div class=\"table-container is-responsive\">\n <table class=\"table is-fullwidth is-hoverable is-striped\">\n <tr>\n <th>Year</th>\n <th>\n Total emission(kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>)\n </th>\n <th>Cycle ID</th>\n <th>Share of emission (%)</th>\n <th>\n Cycle emission(kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>)\n </th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>2003</td>\n <td>3664</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a0\n </td>\n <td>100</td>\n <td>3664</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td rowspan=\"2\">2004</td>\n <td rowspan=\"2\">7328</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a1\n </td>\n <td>50</td>\n <td>3664</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\n cycle-a2\n </td>\n <td>50</td>\n <td>3664</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>2005</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a3\n </td>\n <td>100</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>2006</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a3\n </td>\n <td>100</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>2007</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a3\n </td>\n <td>100</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n </tr>\n </table>\n</div>\n\n| Cycle ID | `co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange`(kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>) |\n| ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |\n| `cycle-a0` | 3664 |\n| `cycle-a1` | 3664 |\n| `cycle-a2` | 3664 |\n| `cycle-a3` | 5496 |\n\n### Step 5. Assign an emission tier\n\nThe `methodTier` assigned to the emission node on each [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) reflects the **weakest** measurement method used in its calculation.\n\nFor example, if a [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle)'s final emission is calculated by summing together the emissions of two inventory years, where:\n\n- One year uses [Measurements](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) with `methodClassification = tier 1 model`\n- The other year uses `methodClassification = tier 2 model`\n\nThe resulting `methodTier` will be `tier 1`, since it is the **weakest** method involved.\n\nThe mapping between Measurement `methodClassification` and Emission `methodTier` is:\n\n| Measurement `methodClassification` | Emission `methodTier` |\n| ----------------------------------- | --------------------- |\n| `on-site physical measurement` | `measured` |\n| `modelled using other measurements` | `measured` |\n| `tier 3 model` | `tier 3` |\n| `tier 2 model` | `tier 2` |\n| `tier 1 model` | `tier 1` |\n\n### Step 6. Allocate the CO<sub>2</sub> emission to land-use change or management change\n\nIn line with reporting requirements, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from stock changes must be classified as either:\n\n- due to land-use change (LUC), or\n- due to management change.\n\nIn HESTIA, the presence or absence of a blank node matters: returning no node is not the same as returning a node with 0 emissions. To ensure consistency, the model should always return two blank nodes (one for each category) if enough data is available.\n\n**Allocation rules**\n\nIf it is known whether the emission is due to LUC or management:\n\n- Return two blank nodes:\n 1. One node with the emission and the correct term.@id\n 2. One node with 0 emissions and the other term.@id\n\nIf it is unknown:\n\n- Return one blank node, allocating the full emission to management change\n\n**Decision criteria**\n\nAllocation is based on two factors:\n\n1. **Completeness of land-use data:**\n\n - No land-use data\n - Fewer than 20 years of data\n - At least 20 years of data\n\n2. **Presence of a land-use change event:**\n - No land-use change (LUC) event detected\n - LUC event detected\n\n| | No land use data (1) | < 20 years' land use data (2) | >= 20 years' land use data (3) |\n| ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| **No LUC event detected (a)** | allocate all emissions to management change (a1) | allocate all emissions to management change (a2) | allocate all emissions to management change **AND** add a land use change emission with value 0 (a3) |\n| **LUC event detected (b)** | n/a (b1) | allocate all emissions to land use change **AND** add a management change emission with value 0 (b2) | allocate all emissions to land use change **AND** add a management change emission with value 0 (b3) |\n\n## Example\n\nIn this example, we follow the below ground biomass stock of an olive orchard, which has not changed in land use for over 50 years. Therefore, all emissions should be allocated to management changes and a corresponding `0` emission should be allocated to land-use change.\n\nFor simplicity, the uncertainty of model inputs and outputs have been excluded.\n\n### Input\n\n#### Site\n\n```json\n{\n \"@id\": \"site-a\",\n \"@type\": \"Site\",\n \"siteType\": \"cropland\",\n \"management\": [\n {\n \"@type\": \"Management\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"oliveTree\"\n },\n \"value\": [100],\n \"startDate\": \"1960\",\n \"endDate\": \"2006\"\n }\n ],\n \"measurements\": [\n {\n \"@type\": \"Measurement\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"organicCarbonPerHa\"\n },\n \"value\": [43000],\n \"method\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"depthUpper\": 0,\n \"depthLower\": 30,\n \"dates\": [\"2003-12-31\"],\n \"methodClassification\": \"tier 1 model\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Measurement\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"organicCarbonPerHa\"\n },\n \"value\": [44333.333],\n \"method\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"depthUpper\": 0,\n \"depthLower\": 30,\n \"dates\": [\"2004-12-31\"],\n \"methodClassification\": \"tier 1 model\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Measurement\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"organicCarbonPerHa\"\n },\n \"value\": [45666.666],\n \"method\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"depthUpper\": 0,\n \"depthLower\": 30,\n \"dates\": [\"2005-12-31\"],\n \"methodClassification\": \"tier 1 model\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Measurement\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"organicCarbonPerHa\"\n },\n \"value\": [47000],\n \"method\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"depthUpper\": 0,\n \"depthLower\": 30,\n \"dates\": [\"2006-12-31\"],\n \"methodClassification\": \"tier 1 model\"\n }\n ]\n}\n```\n\n#### Cycle\n\n```json\n{\n \"@id\": \"cycle-a-04-06\",\n \"@type\": \"Cycle\",\n \"startDate\": \"2004\",\n \"endDate\": \"2006\",\n \"site\": {\n \"@id\": \"site-a\",\n \"@type\": \"Site\"\n },\n \"functionalUnit\": \"1 ha\"\n}\n```\n\n### Output\n\n```json\n[\n {\n \"@type\": \"Emission\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"co2ToAirSoilCarbonStockChangeLandUseChange\"\n },\n \"methodModel\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"depth\": 30,\n \"value\": [0],\n \"methodTier\": \"tier 1\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Emission\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"co2ToAirSoilCarbonStockChangeManagementChange\"\n },\n \"methodModel\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"depth\": 30,\n \"value\": [-14655.344655],\n \"methodTier\": \"tier 1\"\n }\n]\n```\n\n\n\n\n\n"}

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Florian Payen"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Land Use Change"],"tab":["IPCC (2019)"],"citation":["Payen, F. (2025) Below ground biomass modelling on HESTIA."],"modelId":["co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChangeLandUseChange","co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange"],"modelRequires":["belowGroundBiomass"]},"content":"# CO2, to air, below ground biomass stock change\n\nCarbon dioxide emissions to air, from below ground biomass stock change. Below ground biomass is defined as terrestrial living woody or herbaceous vegetation 2 mm in size or greater.\n\n## Overview\n\nThis model calculates the annual emissions from below ground biomass stock changes and assigns them to [Cycles](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) that take place during those years. It can allocate these emissions to two HESTIA terms:\n\n1. [`co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChangeLandUseChange`](https://www.hestia.earth/term/co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChangeLandUseChange) - stock change emissions that occur in the 20 years after a land-use change event\n2. [`co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange`](https://www.hestia.earth/term/co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange) - stock change emissions that occur more than 20 years after a land-use change event\n\nThe model is run as a Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations. Model result values are the row-wise `mean` of simulation results. See our guide on [Monte Carlo simulation](/guide/applying-models-monte-carlo) for more information.\n\n## How the model works\n\n### Step 1. Build an annual inventory of below ground biomass measurements\n\nAn annual inventory of `belowGroundBiomass` [Measurement](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) values is created. These values represent the amount of organic carbon stored in the below ground biomass at the **end of each inventory year**.\n\n[Measurements](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) are grouped by `methodClassification`. It is critical that different methods are **never mixed** when calculating changes in carbon stock, as this could lead to large and misleading differences. Instead, the model processes each `methodClassification` separately, and includes only the emissions calculated using the **strongest available method** in the final output.\n\nOnly [Measurements](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) with specific `methodClassification` values are included. All others are ignored. The valid classifications, listed from strongest to weakest, are:\n\n- `on-site physical measurement`\n- `modelled using other measurements`\n- `tier 3 model`\n- `tier 2 model`\n- `tier 1 model`\n\nEach carbon stock value must correspond to the timestamp `YYYY-12-31T23:59:59` — the end of the inventory year. If no [Measurement](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) exists for this exact time, the value is estimated using linear interpolation between the closest available measurements before and after the target date.\n\n| Year | `on-site physical measurement`<sup>\\*</sup> | `tier 1 model`<sup>\\*</sup> |\n| ---- | ------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |\n| 2002 | 48000 | - |\n| 2003 | 47000 | - |\n| 2004 | 45000 | 52350 |\n| 2005 | 44500 | 51125 |\n| 2006 | 44000 | 49900 |\n| 2007 | 43500 | - |\n\n<sup>\\*</sup>Below ground biomass stock (kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>)\n\nIn this scenario, the values of the `on-site physical measurement` column will be retained because it is the stronger `methodClassification`. The values of the `tier 1 model` will be discarded.\n\n### Step 2. Resample stock values for Monte Carlo simulation\n\nTo run the model as a Monte Carlo simulation, we need to generate an array of random samples for the `belowGroundBiomass` stock in each inventory year. These samples are drawn from a normal distribution defined by the `value` (mean) and `sd` of each year.\n\nIdeally, we would re-use the full set of iteration results from the [`ipcc2019.belowGroundBiomass`](./belowGroundBiomass) model's Monto Carlo simulation. However, HESTIA nodes can only store row-wise summaries of Monte Carlo simulation results. This means the full iteration-level data is not available for use in downstream models, so we lose the correlation between years in each simulation run.\n\nTo maintain realistic, coherent simulation behaviour:\n\n- Within each simulation run (column): Values across years (rows) should be correlated. If year 0 is a high value, we expect subsequent years to also be relatively high\n- Across simulation runs (columns): Values should be independent from one another\n\nFor this, we need to generate our new random samples with correlation by treating the inventory as a time series, where:\n\n- Rows = time steps (years)\n- Columns = independent Monte Carlo runs\n\nTo model the correlation between years, we assume that similarity in stock values decreases with time. Closer years are more correlated than years further apart. This is modelled using exponential decay, with a half-life of 20 years (based on the IPCC's default transition period for carbon stock equilibrium).\n\nUsing this correlation structure, we generate samples from a multivariate normal distribution, ensuring temporal correlation within runs and independence between runs.\n\nSee the Scipy Cookbook on [Correlated Random Samples](https://scipy-cookbook.readthedocs.io/items/CorrelatedRandomSamples.html) for more information.\n\nCarbon stock values without a corresponding `sd` are given a nominal error of 75% ($2*{sd}$ as a percentage of the mean).\n\n### Step 3. Calculate the annual CO<sub>2</sub> emission (or removal) due to below ground biomass stock change\n\nNext, the carbon stock change and the associated CO<sub>2</sub> change can be calculated for each inventory year:\n\n$\\Delta CO_2 = -1 * (C_y - C\\_{y-1}) * \\frac{44.01}{12.012}$\n\nWhere:\n\n- $\\Delta CO_2$ = the CO<sub>2</sub> emission due to carbon stock change for year $y$, kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>.\n- $C_y$ = the carbon stock in year $y$, kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>.\n- $C_{y-1}$ = the carbon stock in year $y-1$x, kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>.\n- $\\frac{44.01}{12.012}$ = the ratio of the atomic mass of CO<sub>$2$</sub> to C.\n\n_n.b._, the value is multiplied by $-1$ as a reduction in carbon stock is associated with an emission of CO<sub>2</sub> and vice versa.\n\n| Year | C stock (kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>) | C stock change (kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>) | CO<sub>2</sub> emission (kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>) |\n| ---- | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |\n| 2002 | 48000 | n/a | n/a |\n| 2003 | 47000 | -1000 | 3664 |\n| 2004 | 45000 | -2000 | 7328 |\n| 2005 | 44500 | -500 | 1832 |\n| 2006 | 44000 | -500 | 1832 |\n| 2007 | 43500 | -500 | 1832 |\n\n### Step 4. Allocate the CO<sub>2</sub> emission to overlapping Cycles\n\n[Measurements](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement), such as `belowGroundBiomass`, are attached to [Site](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Site) nodes. In the HESTIA schema, a single [Site](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Site) can be linked to multiple [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) nodes. However, emission models are run **per [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle)**.\n\nTo ensure emissions are correctly allocated, the `ipcc2019.co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChange` model gathers data from all [Cycles](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) associated with the same [Site](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Site).\n\nEmissions from changes in carbon stock should only be assigned to a [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) if that Cycle meaningfully overlaps with the inventory year in which the stock change occurred.\n\nIf multiple [Cycles](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) overlap the same inventory year, the emission for that year is **shared proportionally** based on the number of overlapping days. For example:\n\n- `cycle-y` overlaps by 200 days\n- `cycle-z` overlaps by 100 days\n\nThen:\n\n- `cycle-y` receives **66.6%** of the emission\n- `cycle-z` receives **33.3%**\n\n_n.b._, The total share of emissions across all overlapping [Cycles](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) **must always sum to 100%** to avoid under- or over-reporting.\n\n#### Emissions across multiple years\n\nIf a [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) overlaps with **multiple inventory years**, it should be assigned the **sum of its proportional shares** from each of those years.\n\n<div class=\"table-container is-responsive\">\n <table class=\"table is-fullwidth is-hoverable is-striped\">\n <tr>\n <th>Year</th>\n <th>\n Total emission(kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>)\n </th>\n <th>Cycle ID</th>\n <th>Share of emission (%)</th>\n <th>\n Cycle emission(kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>)\n </th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>2003</td>\n <td>3664</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a0\n </td>\n <td>100</td>\n <td>3664</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td rowspan=\"2\">2004</td>\n <td rowspan=\"2\">7328</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a1\n </td>\n <td>50</td>\n <td>3664</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\n cycle-a2\n </td>\n <td>50</td>\n <td>3664</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>2005</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a3\n </td>\n <td>100</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>2006</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a3\n </td>\n <td>100</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>2007</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n <td>\n cycle-a3\n </td>\n <td>100</td>\n <td>1832</td>\n </tr>\n </table>\n</div>\n\n| Cycle ID | `co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange`(kg CO<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>) |\n| ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |\n| `cycle-a0` | 3664 |\n| `cycle-a1` | 3664 |\n| `cycle-a2` | 3664 |\n| `cycle-a3` | 5496 |\n\n### Step 5. Assign an emission tier\n\nThe `methodTier` assigned to the emission node on each [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle) reflects the **weakest** measurement method used in its calculation.\n\nFor example, if a [Cycle](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle)'s final emission is calculated by summing together the emissions of two inventory years, where:\n\n- One year uses [Measurements](https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Measurement) with `methodClassification = tier 1 model`\n- The other year uses `methodClassification = tier 2 model`\n\nThe resulting `methodTier` will be `tier 1`, since it is the **weakest** method involved.\n\nThe mapping between Measurement `methodClassification` and Emission `methodTier` is:\n\n| Measurement `methodClassification` | Emission `methodTier` |\n| ----------------------------------- | --------------------- |\n| `on-site physical measurement` | `measured` |\n| `modelled using other measurements` | `measured` |\n| `tier 3 model` | `tier 3` |\n| `tier 2 model` | `tier 2` |\n| `tier 1 model` | `tier 1` |\n\n### Step 6. Allocate the CO<sub>2</sub> emission to land-use change or management change\n\nIn line with reporting requirements, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from stock changes must be classified as either:\n\n- due to land-use change (LUC), or\n- due to management change.\n\nIn HESTIA, the presence or absence of a blank node matters: returning no node is not the same as returning a node with 0 emissions. To ensure consistency, the model should always return two blank nodes (one for each category) if enough data is available.\n\n**Allocation rules**\n\nIf it is known whether the emission is due to LUC or management:\n\n- Return two blank nodes:\n 1. One node with the emission and the correct term.@id\n 2. One node with 0 emissions and the other term.@id\n\nIf it is unknown:\n\n- Return one blank node, allocating the full emission to management change\n\n**Decision criteria**\n\nAllocation is based on two factors:\n\n1. **Completeness of land-use data:**\n\n - No land-use data\n - Fewer than 20 years of data\n - At least 20 years of data\n\n2. **Presence of a land-use change event:**\n - No land-use change (LUC) event detected\n - LUC event detected\n\n| | No land use data (1) | < 20 years' land use data (2) | >= 20 years' land use data (3) |\n| ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| **No LUC event detected (a)** | allocate all emissions to management change (a1) | allocate all emissions to management change (a2) | allocate all emissions to management change **AND** add a land use change emission with value 0 (a3) |\n| **LUC event detected (b)** | n/a (b1) | allocate all emissions to land use change **AND** add a management change emission with value 0 (b2) | allocate all emissions to land use change **AND** add a management change emission with value 0 (b3) |\n\n## Example\n\nIn this example, we follow the below ground biomass stock of an olive orchard, which has not changed in land use for over 50 years. Therefore, all emissions should be allocated to management changes and a corresponding `0` emission should be allocated to land-use change.\n\nFor simplicity, the uncertainty of model inputs and outputs have been excluded.\n\n### Input\n\n#### Site\n\n```json\n{\n \"@id\": \"site-a\",\n \"@type\": \"Site\",\n \"siteType\": \"cropland\",\n \"management\": [\n {\n \"@type\": \"Management\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"oliveTree\"\n },\n \"value\": [100],\n \"startDate\": \"1960\",\n \"endDate\": \"2006\"\n }\n ],\n \"measurements\": [\n {\n \"@type\": \"Measurement\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"organicCarbonPerHa\"\n },\n \"value\": [43000],\n \"method\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"depthUpper\": 0,\n \"depthLower\": 30,\n \"dates\": [\"2003-12-31\"],\n \"methodClassification\": \"tier 1 model\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Measurement\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"organicCarbonPerHa\"\n },\n \"value\": [44333.333],\n \"method\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"depthUpper\": 0,\n \"depthLower\": 30,\n \"dates\": [\"2004-12-31\"],\n \"methodClassification\": \"tier 1 model\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Measurement\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"organicCarbonPerHa\"\n },\n \"value\": [45666.666],\n \"method\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"depthUpper\": 0,\n \"depthLower\": 30,\n \"dates\": [\"2005-12-31\"],\n \"methodClassification\": \"tier 1 model\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Measurement\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"organicCarbonPerHa\"\n },\n \"value\": [47000],\n \"method\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"depthUpper\": 0,\n \"depthLower\": 30,\n \"dates\": [\"2006-12-31\"],\n \"methodClassification\": \"tier 1 model\"\n }\n ]\n}\n```\n\n#### Cycle\n\n```json\n{\n \"@id\": \"cycle-a-04-06\",\n \"@type\": \"Cycle\",\n \"startDate\": \"2004\",\n \"endDate\": \"2006\",\n \"site\": {\n \"@id\": \"site-a\",\n \"@type\": \"Site\"\n },\n \"functionalUnit\": \"1 ha\"\n}\n```\n\n### Output\n\n```json\n[\n {\n \"@type\": \"Emission\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"co2ToAirSoilCarbonStockChangeLandUseChange\"\n },\n \"methodModel\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"depth\": 30,\n \"value\": [0],\n \"methodTier\": \"tier 1\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Emission\",\n \"term\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"co2ToAirSoilCarbonStockChangeManagementChange\"\n },\n \"methodModel\": {\n \"@type\": \"Term\",\n \"@id\": \"ipcc2019\"\n },\n \"depth\": 30,\n \"value\": [-14655.344655],\n \"methodTier\": \"tier 1\"\n }\n]\n```\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"collapsibles\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Returns</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission\">Emissions</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChangeLandUseChange\">co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChangeLandUseChange</a> <strong>or</strong> <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange\">co2ToAirBelowGroundBiomassStockChangeManagementChange</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodModel\">methodModel</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/ipcc2019\">ipcc2019</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#value\">value</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#sd\">sd</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#min\">min</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#max\">max</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#statsDefinition\">statsDefinition</a> with <code>simulated</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#observations\">observations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodTier\">methodTier</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#depth\">depth</a> with <code>30</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Requirements</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle\">Cycle</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#site\">site</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Site#siteType\">siteType</a> with <code>forest</code> <strong>or</strong> <code>other natural vegetation</code> <strong>or</strong> <code>cropland</code> <strong>or</strong> <code>glass or high accessible cover</code> <strong>or</strong> <code>permanent pasture</code> and a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Site#measurements\">measurements</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Measurement#value\">value</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Measurement#dates\">dates</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Measurement#depthUpper\">depthUpper</a> with <code>0</code> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Measurement#depthLower\">depthLower</a> with <code>30</code> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Measurement#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/belowGroundBiomass\">belowGroundBiomass</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#functionalUnit\">functionalUnit</a> with <code>1 ha</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#endDate\">endDate</a></li>\n<li>optional:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#startDate\">startDate</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Lookups used</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/emission.csv\">emission.csv</a> -> <code>siteTypesAllowed</code>; <code>typesAllowed</code></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n \n</div>"}

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1	+ {"tags":{"author":["Joseph Poore","Guillaume Royer"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Land Use Change"],"tab":["IPCC (2019)"]},"content":"## N2O, to air, natural vegetation burning, indirect\n\n\n\n\n\n"}

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Joseph Poore","Guillaume Royer"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Land Use Change"],"tab":["IPCC (2019)"],"modelId":["n2OToAirNaturalVegetationBurningIndirect"],"modelRequires":["cropResidue","nh3ToAirNaturalVegetationBurning","noxToAirNaturalVegetationBurning","ecoClimateZone"]},"content":"## N2O, to air, natural vegetation burning, indirect\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"collapsibles\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Returns</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission\">Emissions</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/n2OToAirNaturalVegetationBurningIndirect\">n2OToAirNaturalVegetationBurningIndirect</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodModel\">methodModel</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/ipcc2019\">ipcc2019</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#value\">value</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodTier\">methodTier</a> with <code>tier 1</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Requirements</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle\">Cycle</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#site\">site</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Site#siteType\">siteType</a> with <code>forest</code> <strong>or</strong> <code>other natural vegetation</code> <strong>or</strong> <code>cropland</code> <strong>or</strong> <code>glass or high accessible cover</code> <strong>or</strong> <code>permanent pasture</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Data completeness assessment for cropResidue: <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Completeness#cropResidue\">completeness.cropResidue</a> must be <code>True</code></li>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#emissions\">emissions</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#value\">value</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/nh3ToAirNaturalVegetationBurning\">nh3ToAirNaturalVegetationBurning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#value\">value</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/noxToAirNaturalVegetationBurning\">noxToAirNaturalVegetationBurning</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>optional:<ul>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#site\">site</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Site#measurements\">measurements</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Measurement#value\">value</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Measurement#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/ecoClimateZone\">ecoClimateZone</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Lookups used</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/emission.csv\">emission.csv</a> -> <code>siteTypesAllowed</code>; <code>typesAllowed</code></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n \n</div>"}

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Florian Payen"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Land Use Change"],"tab":["Overview"]},"content":"# Non-CO2 emissions, to air, natural vegetation burning\n\nThis model returns the amounts of non-CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from natural vegetation burning according to the [IPCC (2019), volume 4, chapter 2](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch02_Generic%20Methods.pdf) guidelines:\n1. [CH<sub>4</sub>, to air, natural vegetation burning](https://www.hestia.earth/term/ch4ToAirNaturalVegetationBurning);\n2. [CO, to air, natural vegetation burning](https://www.hestia.earth/term/coToAirNaturalVegetationBurning);\n3. [N<sub>2</sub>O, to air, natural vegetation burning](https://www.hestia.earth/term/n2OToAirNaturalVegetationBurningDirect);\n4. [NO<sub>x</sub>, to air, natural vegetation burning](https://www.hestia.earth/term/noxToAirNaturalVegetationBurning).\n\nCO<sub>2</sub> emissions from natural vegetation burning are accounted for in the IPCC (2019) emissions from above ground and below ground biomass stock change models. These models assume that all the carbon stored in lost woody biomass is emitted as CO<sub>2</sub>, regardless of the method of land clearance used.\n\nThe first version of this model only calculates emissions from forests burning, as we have no reliable way of recording savannah grassland and woodland fire regimes using the HESTIA glossary.\n\nOnly emissions from natural vegetation burning due to land conversion are estimated by this model. Emissions from other types of fire events (wildfire, fire as a management practice, crop residues burning) should be calculated otherwise.\n\nThis model is not suitable for calculating emissions from natural vegetation burning in polar eco-climate zones.\n\n## How the model works\n\nThe model works by constructing an annual inventory of land conversion via the burning of natural vegetation. Emissions from these fire events are estimated using emission factors provided by the [IPCC (2019), volume 4, chapter 2](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch02_Generic%20Methods.pdf) and amortised over twenty years.\n\n### Illustration of flow vs. allocated emissions\n\n![Amortisation of burning emissions](/assets/burningEmissionAmortisation.png)\n\nThis is a visualisation of the apportioning of non-CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (with N<sub>2</sub>O as an example) from natural vegetation burning over twenty years due to forest being converted to annual cropland. The blue bars show the individual emission events when they take place, while the orange bars show the allocation of these emissions over twenty years. _n.b._: in this example, it is assumed that 100% of the forest loss is burnt.\n\n### Step 1. Calculating natural vegetation loss\n\nAn annual inventory of land cover is constructed by grouping the Cycle's associated Site's `landCover` Management nodes. `landCover` nodes with cover crop properties (`coverCrop`, `catchCrop`, `shortfallowCrop` and `coverCrop`) are excluded.\n\nFor each year in the inventory, a land cover summary is calculated by aggregating `landCover` node values by IPCC biomass category. Each year's summary is compared with that of the year prior to calculate the loss in natural vegetation. Only losses in forest cover are calculated at this time due to data and glossary limitations related to savannah systems. Any gains in forest cover are discounted - this model cannot be used to calculate emission removals due to afforestation or reforestation.\n\n### Step 2. Calculating the amount of biomass burnt\n\nFor each year in the inventory, we estimate the amount of biomass burnt of each fuel type using Equation 1.\n\n> **Equation 1. Estimation of the amount of biomass combusted during land conversation event, adapted from [IPCC (2019), volume 4, chapter 2, equation 2.27](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch02_Generic%20Methods.pdf)**\n>\n> $$M = A * B_{region} * F_{fuel}$$\n>\n> Where:\n>\n> $M$ = mass of fuel biomass combusted during land conversion event (tonnes dry matter, >= 0)\n>\n> $A$ = area lost (ha)\n>\n> $B_{region}$ = burnt fraction, percentage of land area burnt during a land conversation event for region where natural vegetation loss occurs (decimal percentage, 0 - 1)\n>\n> $F_{fuel}$ = fuel factor, mass of fuel biomass per hectare for fuel category (tonnes dry matter ha<sup>-1</sup>)\n\nBurnt fractions $B_{region}$ are retrieved from a lookup of pre-computed regional factors using the ratio of [forest burnt area (ha)](https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/GI) to [forest loss (ha)](https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/GF), calculated from data provided by FAOstat. This method has some limitations, the most important of which is that forests burnt are not necessarily converted to a new land use. However, there are no publicly available datasets that provide country- or region-level data about forest conversion stratified by clearance method.\n\nSee the [fraction burnt lookup](https://gitlab.com/hestia-earth/hestia-glossary/-/blob/develop/Geographies/region-percentageAreaBurnedDuringForestClearance-lookup.csv) for all values.\n\nFuel category ($fuel$) is determined based on a combination of a `landCover`'s IPCC (2019) biomass category and eco-climate zone (see Table 1).\n\n#### Table 1. Fuel categories, adapted from [IPCC (2019), volume 4, chapter 2, table 2.4](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch02_Generic%20Methods.pdf)\n\n|Eco-climate zone|Forest|Natural forest|Plantation forest|\n|-|-|-|-|\n|**Warm temperate moist**|Temperate forest|Temperate forest|Temperate forest|\n|**Warm temperate dry**|Temperate forest|Temperate forest|Temperate forest|\n|**Cool temperate moist**|Temperate forest|Temperate forest|Temperate forest|\n|**Cool temperate dry**|Temperate forest|Temperate forest|Temperate forest|\n|**Boreal moist**|Boreal forest|Boreal forest|Boreal forest|\n|**Boreal dry**|Boreal forest|Boreal forest|Boreal forest|\n|**Tropical montane**|Unknown tropical forest|Natural tropical forest|Tertiary tropical forest|\n|**Tropical wet**|Unknown tropical forest|Natural tropical forest|Tertiary tropical forest|\n|**Tropical moist**|Unknown tropical forest|Natural tropical forest|Tertiary tropical forest|\n|**Tropical dry**|Unknown tropical forest|Natural tropical forest|Tertiary tropical forest|\n\nFuel factors ($F_{fuel}$) are given for each fuel category (see Table 2).\n\n#### Table 2. Fuel factors, adapted from [IPCC (2019), volume 4, chapter 2, table 2.4](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch02_Generic%20Methods.pdf)\n\n|Fuel category|Fuel factor (tonnes dry matter combusted ha<sup>-1</sup>)|\n|-|-|\n|Boreal forest|41.00|\n|Natural tropical forest|80.90|\n|Temperate forest|50.40|\n|Tertiary tropical forest|54.10|\n|Unknown tropical forest|71.97|\n\nSee the [fuel factor lookup](https://gitlab.com/hestia-earth/hestia-glossary/-/blob/develop/Emissions%20&%20Resource%20Use/ipcc2019FuelCategory_tonnesDryMatterCombustedPerHaBurned-lookup.csv) for all the values.\n\nThe fuel factors for Natural tropical forest and Unknown tropical forest are recalculated from factors provided by the [IPCC (2019) report (in volume 4, table 2.4)](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/vol4.html):\n\n* Natural tropical forest = mean of Primary and Secondary tropical forest factors\n* Unknown tropical forest = mean of Primary Secondary and Tertiary tropical forest factors\n\n### Step 3. Calculate non-CO<sub>2</sub> emissions\n\nFor each year in the inventory, we estimate the total GHG emissions from combusting each fuel type using Equation 2.\n\n> **Equation 2. Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from biomass burning, adapted from [IPCC (2019), volume 4, chapter 2, equation 2.27](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch02_Generic%20Methods.pdf)**\n>\n> $$L_{fire} = M * G_{emission, fuel}$$\n>\n> Where:\n>\n> $L_{fire}$ = amount of greenhouse gas emissions from fire (kg)\n>\n> $M$ = mass of fuel available for combustion (tonnes dry matter, >= 0)\n>\n> $G_{emission, fuel}$ = emission factor (g kg<sup>-1</sup> dry matter burnt)\n\nFuel categories are mapped to emission categories according to Table 3.\n\n#### Table 3. Fuel categories mapped to emission categories\n\n|Fuel categories|Emission category|\n|-|-|\n|Boreal forest & Temperate forest|Other forest|\n|Natural tropical forest, Tertiary tropical forest & Unknown tropical forest|Tropical forest|\n\nEmission factors for non-CO<sub>2</sub> greenhouse gases ($G_{emission, fuel}$) are given for each emission category (see Table 4).\n\n#### Table 4. Emission factors for non-CO<sub>2</sub> GHGs, adapted from [IPCC (2019), volume 4, chapter 2, table 2.5](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch02_Generic%20Methods.pdf)\n\n|Emission category|CO|CH<sub>4</sub>|N<sub>2</sub>O|NO<sub>x</sub>|\n|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Other forest|107 ± 37|4.7 ± 1.9|0.26 ± 0.07|3.0 ± 1.4|\n|Tropical forest|104 ± 20|6.8 ± 2.0|0.20|1.6 ± 0.7|\n\nAll values given as `mean` ± `sd`.\n\nSee the [emission factor lookup](https://gitlab.com/hestia-earth/hestia-glossary/-/blob/develop/Emissions%20&%20Resource%20Use/emissionToAirNaturalVegetationBurning_emissionCategory_gEmittedPerKgDryMatterCombusted-lookup.csv) for all the values.\n\n### Step 4. Allocate emissions to Cycles\n\nOn a climatic level, each burning event releases emissions as it occurs. However, from an LCA perspective, we need to amortise these emissions over multiple years to ensure that crops produced on the Site are allocated a share of these land clearance emissions. The IPCC suggests a default amortisation period of twenty years.\n\nAn amortised emission value is calculated for each year in the inventory. Each year gets a 1/20th share of the emission events that occur during that year and the nineteen years prior. If fewer than nineteen years preceed the inventory year, we include all emission events up to the start of the inventory.\n\nThese annual amortised emissions are then allocated to the Cycles that take place on the Site based on which year they take place over. _n.b._: Cycles split over two calendar years are allocated an appropriate portion of the emissions in each year.\n\n## Discussion\n\nWe plan to calculate the standard deviation for the values of the fuel category factors, whose uncertainty is given as the standard error at the moment, so the uncertainty linked to the values of the fuel category factors can be reflected in the model's outputs. This would involve retrieving the number of observations from the underlying studies used by the IPCC to calculate these factors.\n\nAdditional work also needs to be done on this model to account for a) non-CO<sub>2</sub> emissions due to natural vegetation burning other than forests (mostly from savannah) and b) non-CO<sub>2</sub> emissions due to natural vegetation burning not linked to land-use changes.\n\n\n\n\n"}

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+ {"tags":{"author":["Florian Payen"],"group":["Cycle: Emissions"],"subgroup":["Land Use Change"],"tab":["Overview"],"modelId":["ch4ToAirNaturalVegetationBurning","coToAirNaturalVegetationBurning","n2OToAirNaturalVegetationBurningDirect","noxToAirNaturalVegetationBurning"],"modelRequires":["ecoClimateZone"]},"content":"# Non-CO2 emissions, to air, natural vegetation burning\n\nThis model returns the amounts of non-CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from natural vegetation burning according to the [IPCC (2019), volume 4, chapter 2](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch02_Generic%20Methods.pdf) guidelines:\n1. [CH<sub>4</sub>, to air, natural vegetation burning](https://www.hestia.earth/term/ch4ToAirNaturalVegetationBurning);\n2. [CO, to air, natural vegetation burning](https://www.hestia.earth/term/coToAirNaturalVegetationBurning);\n3. [N<sub>2</sub>O, to air, natural vegetation burning](https://www.hestia.earth/term/n2OToAirNaturalVegetationBurningDirect);\n4. [NO<sub>x</sub>, to air, natural vegetation burning](https://www.hestia.earth/term/noxToAirNaturalVegetationBurning).\n\nCO<sub>2</sub> emissions from natural vegetation burning are accounted for in the IPCC (2019) emissions from above ground and below ground biomass stock change models. These models assume that all the carbon stored in lost woody biomass is emitted as CO<sub>2</sub>, regardless of the method of land clearance used.\n\nThe first version of this model only calculates emissions from forests burning, as we have no reliable way of recording savannah grassland and woodland fire regimes using the HESTIA glossary.\n\nOnly emissions from natural vegetation burning due to land conversion are estimated by this model. Emissions from other types of fire events (wildfire, fire as a management practice, crop residues burning) should be calculated otherwise.\n\nThis model is not suitable for calculating emissions from natural vegetation burning in polar eco-climate zones.\n\n## How the model works\n\nThe model works by constructing an annual inventory of land conversion via the burning of natural vegetation. Emissions from these fire events are estimated using emission factors provided by the [IPCC (2019), volume 4, chapter 2](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch02_Generic%20Methods.pdf) and amortised over twenty years.\n\n### Illustration of flow vs. allocated emissions\n\n![Amortisation of burning emissions](/assets/burningEmissionAmortisation.png)\n\nThis is a visualisation of the apportioning of non-CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (with N<sub>2</sub>O as an example) from natural vegetation burning over twenty years due to forest being converted to annual cropland. The blue bars show the individual emission events when they take place, while the orange bars show the allocation of these emissions over twenty years. _n.b._: in this example, it is assumed that 100% of the forest loss is burnt.\n\n### Step 1. Calculating natural vegetation loss\n\nAn annual inventory of land cover is constructed by grouping the Cycle's associated Site's `landCover` Management nodes. `landCover` nodes with cover crop properties (`coverCrop`, `catchCrop`, `shortfallowCrop` and `coverCrop`) are excluded.\n\nFor each year in the inventory, a land cover summary is calculated by aggregating `landCover` node values by IPCC biomass category. Each year's summary is compared with that of the year prior to calculate the loss in natural vegetation. Only losses in forest cover are calculated at this time due to data and glossary limitations related to savannah systems. Any gains in forest cover are discounted - this model cannot be used to calculate emission removals due to afforestation or reforestation.\n\n### Step 2. Calculating the amount of biomass burnt\n\nFor each year in the inventory, we estimate the amount of biomass burnt of each fuel type using Equation 1.\n\n> **Equation 1. Estimation of the amount of biomass combusted during land conversation event, adapted from [IPCC (2019), volume 4, chapter 2, equation 2.27](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch02_Generic%20Methods.pdf)**\n>\n> $$M = A * B_{region} * F_{fuel}$$\n>\n> Where:\n>\n> $M$ = mass of fuel biomass combusted during land conversion event (tonnes dry matter, >= 0)\n>\n> $A$ = area lost (ha)\n>\n> $B_{region}$ = burnt fraction, percentage of land area burnt during a land conversation event for region where natural vegetation loss occurs (decimal percentage, 0 - 1)\n>\n> $F_{fuel}$ = fuel factor, mass of fuel biomass per hectare for fuel category (tonnes dry matter ha<sup>-1</sup>)\n\nBurnt fractions $B_{region}$ are retrieved from a lookup of pre-computed regional factors using the ratio of [forest burnt area (ha)](https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/GI) to [forest loss (ha)](https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/GF), calculated from data provided by FAOstat. This method has some limitations, the most important of which is that forests burnt are not necessarily converted to a new land use. However, there are no publicly available datasets that provide country- or region-level data about forest conversion stratified by clearance method.\n\nSee the [fraction burnt lookup](https://gitlab.com/hestia-earth/hestia-glossary/-/blob/develop/Geographies/region-percentageAreaBurnedDuringForestClearance-lookup.csv) for all values.\n\nFuel category ($fuel$) is determined based on a combination of a `landCover`'s IPCC (2019) biomass category and eco-climate zone (see Table 1).\n\n#### Table 1. Fuel categories, adapted from [IPCC (2019), volume 4, chapter 2, table 2.4](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch02_Generic%20Methods.pdf)\n\n|Eco-climate zone|Forest|Natural forest|Plantation forest|\n|-|-|-|-|\n|**Warm temperate moist**|Temperate forest|Temperate forest|Temperate forest|\n|**Warm temperate dry**|Temperate forest|Temperate forest|Temperate forest|\n|**Cool temperate moist**|Temperate forest|Temperate forest|Temperate forest|\n|**Cool temperate dry**|Temperate forest|Temperate forest|Temperate forest|\n|**Boreal moist**|Boreal forest|Boreal forest|Boreal forest|\n|**Boreal dry**|Boreal forest|Boreal forest|Boreal forest|\n|**Tropical montane**|Unknown tropical forest|Natural tropical forest|Tertiary tropical forest|\n|**Tropical wet**|Unknown tropical forest|Natural tropical forest|Tertiary tropical forest|\n|**Tropical moist**|Unknown tropical forest|Natural tropical forest|Tertiary tropical forest|\n|**Tropical dry**|Unknown tropical forest|Natural tropical forest|Tertiary tropical forest|\n\nFuel factors ($F_{fuel}$) are given for each fuel category (see Table 2).\n\n#### Table 2. Fuel factors, adapted from [IPCC (2019), volume 4, chapter 2, table 2.4](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch02_Generic%20Methods.pdf)\n\n|Fuel category|Fuel factor (tonnes dry matter combusted ha<sup>-1</sup>)|\n|-|-|\n|Boreal forest|41.00|\n|Natural tropical forest|80.90|\n|Temperate forest|50.40|\n|Tertiary tropical forest|54.10|\n|Unknown tropical forest|71.97|\n\nSee the [fuel factor lookup](https://gitlab.com/hestia-earth/hestia-glossary/-/blob/develop/Emissions%20&%20Resource%20Use/ipcc2019FuelCategory_tonnesDryMatterCombustedPerHaBurned-lookup.csv) for all the values.\n\nThe fuel factors for Natural tropical forest and Unknown tropical forest are recalculated from factors provided by the [IPCC (2019) report (in volume 4, table 2.4)](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/vol4.html):\n\n* Natural tropical forest = mean of Primary and Secondary tropical forest factors\n* Unknown tropical forest = mean of Primary Secondary and Tertiary tropical forest factors\n\n### Step 3. Calculate non-CO<sub>2</sub> emissions\n\nFor each year in the inventory, we estimate the total GHG emissions from combusting each fuel type using Equation 2.\n\n> **Equation 2. Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from biomass burning, adapted from [IPCC (2019), volume 4, chapter 2, equation 2.27](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch02_Generic%20Methods.pdf)**\n>\n> $$L_{fire} = M * G_{emission, fuel}$$\n>\n> Where:\n>\n> $L_{fire}$ = amount of greenhouse gas emissions from fire (kg)\n>\n> $M$ = mass of fuel available for combustion (tonnes dry matter, >= 0)\n>\n> $G_{emission, fuel}$ = emission factor (g kg<sup>-1</sup> dry matter burnt)\n\nFuel categories are mapped to emission categories according to Table 3.\n\n#### Table 3. Fuel categories mapped to emission categories\n\n|Fuel categories|Emission category|\n|-|-|\n|Boreal forest & Temperate forest|Other forest|\n|Natural tropical forest, Tertiary tropical forest & Unknown tropical forest|Tropical forest|\n\nEmission factors for non-CO<sub>2</sub> greenhouse gases ($G_{emission, fuel}$) are given for each emission category (see Table 4).\n\n#### Table 4. Emission factors for non-CO<sub>2</sub> GHGs, adapted from [IPCC (2019), volume 4, chapter 2, table 2.5](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch02_Generic%20Methods.pdf)\n\n|Emission category|CO|CH<sub>4</sub>|N<sub>2</sub>O|NO<sub>x</sub>|\n|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Other forest|107 ± 37|4.7 ± 1.9|0.26 ± 0.07|3.0 ± 1.4|\n|Tropical forest|104 ± 20|6.8 ± 2.0|0.20|1.6 ± 0.7|\n\nAll values given as `mean` ± `sd`.\n\nSee the [emission factor lookup](https://gitlab.com/hestia-earth/hestia-glossary/-/blob/develop/Emissions%20&%20Resource%20Use/emissionToAirNaturalVegetationBurning_emissionCategory_gEmittedPerKgDryMatterCombusted-lookup.csv) for all the values.\n\n### Step 4. Allocate emissions to Cycles\n\nOn a climatic level, each burning event releases emissions as it occurs. However, from an LCA perspective, we need to amortise these emissions over multiple years to ensure that crops produced on the Site are allocated a share of these land clearance emissions. The IPCC suggests a default amortisation period of twenty years.\n\nAn amortised emission value is calculated for each year in the inventory. Each year gets a 1/20th share of the emission events that occur during that year and the nineteen years prior. If fewer than nineteen years preceed the inventory year, we include all emission events up to the start of the inventory.\n\nThese annual amortised emissions are then allocated to the Cycles that take place on the Site based on which year they take place over. _n.b._: Cycles split over two calendar years are allocated an appropriate portion of the emissions in each year.\n\n## Discussion\n\nWe plan to calculate the standard deviation for the values of the fuel category factors, whose uncertainty is given as the standard error at the moment, so the uncertainty linked to the values of the fuel category factors can be reflected in the model's outputs. This would involve retrieving the number of observations from the underlying studies used by the IPCC to calculate these factors.\n\nAdditional work also needs to be done on this model to account for a) non-CO<sub>2</sub> emissions due to natural vegetation burning other than forests (mostly from savannah) and b) non-CO<sub>2</sub> emissions due to natural vegetation burning not linked to land-use changes.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"collapsibles\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Returns</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission\">Emissions</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/ch4ToAirNaturalVegetationBurning\">ch4ToAirNaturalVegetationBurning</a> <strong>or</strong> <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/coToAirNaturalVegetationBurning\">coToAirNaturalVegetationBurning</a> <strong>or</strong> <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/n2OToAirNaturalVegetationBurningDirect\">n2OToAirNaturalVegetationBurningDirect</a> <strong>or</strong> <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/noxToAirNaturalVegetationBurning\">noxToAirNaturalVegetationBurning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodModel\">methodModel</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/ipcc2019\">ipcc2019</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#value\">value</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#sd\">sd</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#min\">min</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#max\">max</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#statsDefinition\">statsDefinition</a> with <code>simulated</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#observations\">observations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#dates\">dates</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Emission#methodClassification\">methodClassification</a> with <code>tier 1 model</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Requirements</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li>A <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle\">Cycle</a> with:<ul>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Cycle#site\">site</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Site#siteType\">siteType</a> with <code>forest</code> <strong>or</strong> <code>other natural vegetation</code> <strong>or</strong> <code>cropland</code> <strong>or</strong> <code>glass or high accessible cover</code> <strong>or</strong> <code>permanent pasture</code> and a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Site#management\">managements</a> with:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Management#value\">value</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Management#term\">term</a> of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Term#termType\">termType</a> = <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary?termType=landCover\">landCover</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Management#endDate\">endDate</a> and optional:<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Management#startDate\">startDate</a> and a list of <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Site#measurements\">measurements</a> with:</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Measurement#value\">value</a> and <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Measurement#term\">term</a> with <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/term/ecoClimateZone\">ecoClimateZone</a> and none of:<ul>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Measurement#value\">value</a> = <code>5, 6</code> and none of:</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>a <a href=\"https://hestia.earth/schema/Site#siteType\">siteType</a> = <code>glass or high accessible cover</code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-group\">\n <div class=\"collapsible-header\">\n <span>Lookups used</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"collapsible-content\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/emissionToAirNaturalVegetationBurning_emissionCategory_gEmittedPerKgDryMatterCombusted.csv\">emissionToAirNaturalVegetationBurning_emissionCategory_gEmittedPerKgDryMatterCombusted.csv</a> -> <code>IPCC_2019_G_EMITTED_PER_KG_DRY_MATTER_COMBUSTED_{EMISSION_CATEGORY}_value</code>; <code>IPCC_2019_G_EMITTED_PER_KG_DRY_MATTER_COMBUSTED_{EMISSION_CATEGORY}_sd</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/ipcc2019FuelCategory_tonnesDryMatterCombustedPerHaBurned.csv\">ipcc2019FuelCategory_tonnesDryMatterCombustedPerHaBurned.csv</a> -> <code>value</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/landCover.csv\">landCover.csv</a> -> <code>BIOMASS_CATEGORY</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/region-percentageAreaBurnedDuringForestClearance.csv\">region-percentageAreaBurnedDuringForestClearance.csv</a> -> <code>percentage_area_burned_during_forest_clearance</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://hestia.earth/glossary/lookups/emission.csv\">emission.csv</a> -> <code>siteTypesAllowed</code>; <code>typesAllowed</code></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n </div>\n \n</div>"}