@h1dr0n/skill-pool 0.1.0

package/skills/swift/skills/swift-concurrency.md

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+---
+name: swift-concurrency-6-2
+description: Swift 6.2 Approachable Concurrency — single-threaded by default, @concurrent for explicit background offloading, isolated conformances for main actor types.
+---
+
+# Swift 6.2 Approachable Concurrency
+
+Patterns for adopting Swift 6.2's concurrency model where code runs single-threaded by default and concurrency is introduced explicitly. Eliminates common data-race errors without sacrificing performance.
+
+## When to Activate
+
+- Migrating Swift 5.x or 6.0/6.1 projects to Swift 6.2
+- Resolving data-race safety compiler errors
+- Designing MainActor-based app architecture
+- Offloading CPU-intensive work to background threads
+- Implementing protocol conformances on MainActor-isolated types
+- Enabling Approachable Concurrency build settings in Xcode 26
+
+## Core Problem: Implicit Background Offloading
+
+In Swift 6.1 and earlier, async functions could be implicitly offloaded to background threads, causing data-race errors even in seemingly safe code:
+
+```swift
+// Swift 6.1: ERROR
+@MainActor
+final class StickerModel {
+    let photoProcessor = PhotoProcessor()
+
+    func extractSticker(_ item: PhotosPickerItem) async throws -> Sticker? {
+        guard let data = try await item.loadTransferable(type: Data.self) else { return nil }
+
+        // Error: Sending 'self.photoProcessor' risks causing data races
+        return await photoProcessor.extractSticker(data: data, with: item.itemIdentifier)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Swift 6.2 fixes this: async functions stay on the calling actor by default.
+
+```swift
+// Swift 6.2: OK — async stays on MainActor, no data race
+@MainActor
+final class StickerModel {
+    let photoProcessor = PhotoProcessor()
+
+    func extractSticker(_ item: PhotosPickerItem) async throws -> Sticker? {
+        guard let data = try await item.loadTransferable(type: Data.self) else { return nil }
+        return await photoProcessor.extractSticker(data: data, with: item.itemIdentifier)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Core Pattern — Isolated Conformances
+
+MainActor types can now conform to non-isolated protocols safely:
+
+```swift
+protocol Exportable {
+    func export()
+}
+
+// Swift 6.1: ERROR — crosses into main actor-isolated code
+// Swift 6.2: OK with isolated conformance
+extension StickerModel: @MainActor Exportable {
+    func export() {
+        photoProcessor.exportAsPNG()
+    }
+}
+```
+
+The compiler ensures the conformance is only used on the main actor:
+
+```swift
+// OK — ImageExporter is also @MainActor
+@MainActor
+struct ImageExporter {
+    var items: [any Exportable]
+
+    mutating func add(_ item: StickerModel) {
+        items.append(item)  // Safe: same actor isolation
+    }
+}
+
+// ERROR — nonisolated context can't use MainActor conformance
+nonisolated struct ImageExporter {
+    var items: [any Exportable]
+
+    mutating func add(_ item: StickerModel) {
+        items.append(item)  // Error: Main actor-isolated conformance cannot be used here
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Core Pattern — Global and Static Variables
+
+Protect global/static state with MainActor:
+
+```swift
+// Swift 6.1: ERROR — non-Sendable type may have shared mutable state
+final class StickerLibrary {
+    static let shared: StickerLibrary = .init()  // Error
+}
+
+// Fix: Annotate with @MainActor
+@MainActor
+final class StickerLibrary {
+    static let shared: StickerLibrary = .init()  // OK
+}
+```
+
+### MainActor Default Inference Mode
+
+Swift 6.2 introduces a mode where MainActor is inferred by default — no manual annotations needed:
+
+```swift
+// With MainActor default inference enabled:
+final class StickerLibrary {
+    static let shared: StickerLibrary = .init()  // Implicitly @MainActor
+}
+
+final class StickerModel {
+    let photoProcessor: PhotoProcessor
+    var selection: [PhotosPickerItem]  // Implicitly @MainActor
+}
+
+extension StickerModel: Exportable {  // Implicitly @MainActor conformance
+    func export() {
+        photoProcessor.exportAsPNG()
+    }
+}
+```
+
+This mode is opt-in and recommended for apps, scripts, and other executable targets.
+
+## Core Pattern — @concurrent for Background Work
+
+When you need actual parallelism, explicitly offload with `@concurrent`:
+
+> **Important:** This example requires Approachable Concurrency build settings — SE-0466 (MainActor default isolation) and SE-0461 (NonisolatedNonsendingByDefault). With these enabled, `extractSticker` stays on the caller's actor, making mutable state access safe. **Without these settings, this code has a data race** — the compiler will flag it.
+
+```swift
+nonisolated final class PhotoProcessor {
+    private var cachedStickers: [String: Sticker] = [:]
+
+    func extractSticker(data: Data, with id: String) async -> Sticker {
+        if let sticker = cachedStickers[id] {
+            return sticker
+        }
+
+        let sticker = await Self.extractSubject(from: data)
+        cachedStickers[id] = sticker
+        return sticker
+    }
+
+    // Offload expensive work to concurrent thread pool
+    @concurrent
+    static func extractSubject(from data: Data) async -> Sticker { /* ... */ }
+}
+
+// Callers must await
+let processor = PhotoProcessor()
+processedPhotos[item.id] = await processor.extractSticker(data: data, with: item.id)
+```
+
+To use `@concurrent`:
+1. Mark the containing type as `nonisolated`
+2. Add `@concurrent` to the function
+3. Add `async` if not already asynchronous
+4. Add `await` at call sites
+
+## Key Design Decisions
+
+| Decision | Rationale |
+|----------|-----------|
+| Single-threaded by default | Most natural code is data-race free; concurrency is opt-in |
+| Async stays on calling actor | Eliminates implicit offloading that caused data-race errors |
+| Isolated conformances | MainActor types can conform to protocols without unsafe workarounds |
+| `@concurrent` explicit opt-in | Background execution is a deliberate performance choice, not accidental |
+| MainActor default inference | Reduces boilerplate `@MainActor` annotations for app targets |
+| Opt-in adoption | Non-breaking migration path — enable features incrementally |
+
+## Migration Steps
+
+1. **Enable in Xcode**: Swift Compiler > Concurrency section in Build Settings
+2. **Enable in SPM**: Use `SwiftSettings` API in package manifest
+3. **Use migration tooling**: Automatic code changes via swift.org/migration
+4. **Start with MainActor defaults**: Enable inference mode for app targets
+5. **Add `@concurrent` where needed**: Profile first, then offload hot paths
+6. **Test thoroughly**: Data-race issues become compile-time errors
+
+## Best Practices
+
+- **Start on MainActor** — write single-threaded code first, optimize later
+- **Use `@concurrent` only for CPU-intensive work** — image processing, compression, complex computation
+- **Enable MainActor inference mode** for app targets that are mostly single-threaded
+- **Profile before offloading** — use Instruments to find actual bottlenecks
+- **Protect globals with MainActor** — global/static mutable state needs actor isolation
+- **Use isolated conformances** instead of `nonisolated` workarounds or `@Sendable` wrappers
+- **Migrate incrementally** — enable features one at a time in build settings
+
+## Anti-Patterns to Avoid
+
+- Applying `@concurrent` to every async function (most don't need background execution)
+- Using `nonisolated` to suppress compiler errors without understanding isolation
+- Keeping legacy `DispatchQueue` patterns when actors provide the same safety
+- Skipping `model.availability` checks in concurrency-related Foundation Models code
+- Fighting the compiler — if it reports a data race, the code has a real concurrency issue
+- Assuming all async code runs in the background (Swift 6.2 default: stays on calling actor)
+
+## When to Use
+
+- All new Swift 6.2+ projects (Approachable Concurrency is the recommended default)
+- Migrating existing apps from Swift 5.x or 6.0/6.1 concurrency
+- Resolving data-race safety compiler errors during Xcode 26 adoption
+- Building MainActor-centric app architectures (most UI apps)
+- Performance optimization — offloading specific heavy computations to background

package/skills/swift/skills/swift-protocol-di-testing.md

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+---
+name: swift-protocol-di-testing
+description: Protocol-based dependency injection for testable Swift code — mock file system, network, and external APIs using focused protocols and Swift Testing.
+origin: ECC
+---
+
+# Swift Protocol-Based Dependency Injection for Testing
+
+Patterns for making Swift code testable by abstracting external dependencies (file system, network, iCloud) behind small, focused protocols. Enables deterministic tests without I/O.
+
+## When to Activate
+
+- Writing Swift code that accesses file system, network, or external APIs
+- Need to test error handling paths without triggering real failures
+- Building modules that work across environments (app, test, SwiftUI preview)
+- Designing testable architecture with Swift concurrency (actors, Sendable)
+
+## Core Pattern
+
+### 1. Define Small, Focused Protocols
+
+Each protocol handles exactly one external concern.
+
+```swift
+// File system access
+public protocol FileSystemProviding: Sendable {
+    func containerURL(for purpose: Purpose) -> URL?
+}
+
+// File read/write operations
+public protocol FileAccessorProviding: Sendable {
+    func read(from url: URL) throws -> Data
+    func write(_ data: Data, to url: URL) throws
+    func fileExists(at url: URL) -> Bool
+}
+
+// Bookmark storage (e.g., for sandboxed apps)
+public protocol BookmarkStorageProviding: Sendable {
+    func saveBookmark(_ data: Data, for key: String) throws
+    func loadBookmark(for key: String) throws -> Data?
+}
+```
+
+### 2. Create Default (Production) Implementations
+
+```swift
+public struct DefaultFileSystemProvider: FileSystemProviding {
+    public init() {}
+
+    public func containerURL(for purpose: Purpose) -> URL? {
+        FileManager.default.url(forUbiquityContainerIdentifier: nil)
+    }
+}
+
+public struct DefaultFileAccessor: FileAccessorProviding {
+    public init() {}
+
+    public func read(from url: URL) throws -> Data {
+        try Data(contentsOf: url)
+    }
+
+    public func write(_ data: Data, to url: URL) throws {
+        try data.write(to: url, options: .atomic)
+    }
+
+    public func fileExists(at url: URL) -> Bool {
+        FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: url.path)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 3. Create Mock Implementations for Testing
+
+```swift
+public final class MockFileAccessor: FileAccessorProviding, @unchecked Sendable {
+    public var files: [URL: Data] = [:]
+    public var readError: Error?
+    public var writeError: Error?
+
+    public init() {}
+
+    public func read(from url: URL) throws -> Data {
+        if let error = readError { throw error }
+        guard let data = files[url] else {
+            throw CocoaError(.fileReadNoSuchFile)
+        }
+        return data
+    }
+
+    public func write(_ data: Data, to url: URL) throws {
+        if let error = writeError { throw error }
+        files[url] = data
+    }
+
+    public func fileExists(at url: URL) -> Bool {
+        files[url] != nil
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 4. Inject Dependencies with Default Parameters
+
+Production code uses defaults; tests inject mocks.
+
+```swift
+public actor SyncManager {
+    private let fileSystem: FileSystemProviding
+    private let fileAccessor: FileAccessorProviding
+
+    public init(
+        fileSystem: FileSystemProviding = DefaultFileSystemProvider(),
+        fileAccessor: FileAccessorProviding = DefaultFileAccessor()
+    ) {
+        self.fileSystem = fileSystem
+        self.fileAccessor = fileAccessor
+    }
+
+    public func sync() async throws {
+        guard let containerURL = fileSystem.containerURL(for: .sync) else {
+            throw SyncError.containerNotAvailable
+        }
+        let data = try fileAccessor.read(
+            from: containerURL.appendingPathComponent("data.json")
+        )
+        // Process data...
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 5. Write Tests with Swift Testing
+
+```swift
+import Testing
+
+@Test("Sync manager handles missing container")
+func testMissingContainer() async {
+    let mockFileSystem = MockFileSystemProvider(containerURL: nil)
+    let manager = SyncManager(fileSystem: mockFileSystem)
+
+    await #expect(throws: SyncError.containerNotAvailable) {
+        try await manager.sync()
+    }
+}
+
+@Test("Sync manager reads data correctly")
+func testReadData() async throws {
+    let mockFileAccessor = MockFileAccessor()
+    mockFileAccessor.files[testURL] = testData
+
+    let manager = SyncManager(fileAccessor: mockFileAccessor)
+    let result = try await manager.loadData()
+
+    #expect(result == expectedData)
+}
+
+@Test("Sync manager handles read errors gracefully")
+func testReadError() async {
+    let mockFileAccessor = MockFileAccessor()
+    mockFileAccessor.readError = CocoaError(.fileReadCorruptFile)
+
+    let manager = SyncManager(fileAccessor: mockFileAccessor)
+
+    await #expect(throws: SyncError.self) {
+        try await manager.sync()
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+- **Single Responsibility**: Each protocol should handle one concern — don't create "god protocols" with many methods
+- **Sendable conformance**: Required when protocols are used across actor boundaries
+- **Default parameters**: Let production code use real implementations by default; only tests need to specify mocks
+- **Error simulation**: Design mocks with configurable error properties for testing failure paths
+- **Only mock boundaries**: Mock external dependencies (file system, network, APIs), not internal types
+
+## Anti-Patterns to Avoid
+
+- Creating a single large protocol that covers all external access
+- Mocking internal types that have no external dependencies
+- Using `#if DEBUG` conditionals instead of proper dependency injection
+- Forgetting `Sendable` conformance when used with actors
+- Over-engineering: if a type has no external dependencies, it doesn't need a protocol
+
+## When to Use
+
+- Any Swift code that touches file system, network, or external APIs
+- Testing error handling paths that are hard to trigger in real environments
+- Building modules that need to work in app, test, and SwiftUI preview contexts
+- Apps using Swift concurrency (actors, structured concurrency) that need testable architecture

package/skills/swift/skills/swiftui-patterns.md

@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+---
+name: swiftui-patterns
+description: SwiftUI architecture patterns, state management with @Observable, view composition, navigation, performance optimization, and modern iOS/macOS UI best practices.
+---
+
+# SwiftUI Patterns
+
+Modern SwiftUI patterns for building declarative, performant user interfaces on Apple platforms. Covers the Observation framework, view composition, type-safe navigation, and performance optimization.
+
+## When to Activate
+
+- Building SwiftUI views and managing state (`@State`, `@Observable`, `@Binding`)
+- Designing navigation flows with `NavigationStack`
+- Structuring view models and data flow
+- Optimizing rendering performance for lists and complex layouts
+- Working with environment values and dependency injection in SwiftUI
+
+## State Management
+
+### Property Wrapper Selection
+
+Choose the simplest wrapper that fits:
+
+| Wrapper | Use Case |
+|---------|----------|
+| `@State` | View-local value types (toggles, form fields, sheet presentation) |
+| `@Binding` | Two-way reference to parent's `@State` |
+| `@Observable` class + `@State` | Owned model with multiple properties |
+| `@Observable` class (no wrapper) | Read-only reference passed from parent |
+| `@Bindable` | Two-way binding to an `@Observable` property |
+| `@Environment` | Shared dependencies injected via `.environment()` |
+
+### @Observable ViewModel
+
+Use `@Observable` (not `ObservableObject`) — it tracks property-level changes so SwiftUI only re-renders views that read the changed property:
+
+```swift
+@Observable
+final class ItemListViewModel {
+    private(set) var items: [Item] = []
+    private(set) var isLoading = false
+    var searchText = ""
+
+    private let repository: any ItemRepository
+
+    init(repository: any ItemRepository = DefaultItemRepository()) {
+        self.repository = repository
+    }
+
+    func load() async {
+        isLoading = true
+        defer { isLoading = false }
+        items = (try? await repository.fetchAll()) ?? []
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### View Consuming the ViewModel
+
+```swift
+struct ItemListView: View {
+    @State private var viewModel: ItemListViewModel
+
+    init(viewModel: ItemListViewModel = ItemListViewModel()) {
+        _viewModel = State(initialValue: viewModel)
+    }
+
+    var body: some View {
+        List(viewModel.items) { item in
+            ItemRow(item: item)
+        }
+        .searchable(text: $viewModel.searchText)
+        .overlay { if viewModel.isLoading { ProgressView() } }
+        .task { await viewModel.load() }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Environment Injection
+
+Replace `@EnvironmentObject` with `@Environment`:
+
+```swift
+// Inject
+ContentView()
+    .environment(authManager)
+
+// Consume
+struct ProfileView: View {
+    @Environment(AuthManager.self) private var auth
+
+    var body: some View {
+        Text(auth.currentUser?.name ?? "Guest")
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## View Composition
+
+### Extract Subviews to Limit Invalidation
+
+Break views into small, focused structs. When state changes, only the subview reading that state re-renders:
+
+```swift
+struct OrderView: View {
+    @State private var viewModel = OrderViewModel()
+
+    var body: some View {
+        VStack {
+            OrderHeader(title: viewModel.title)
+            OrderItemList(items: viewModel.items)
+            OrderTotal(total: viewModel.total)
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### ViewModifier for Reusable Styling
+
+```swift
+struct CardModifier: ViewModifier {
+    func body(content: Content) -> some View {
+        content
+            .padding()
+            .background(.regularMaterial)
+            .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 12))
+    }
+}
+
+extension View {
+    func cardStyle() -> some View {
+        modifier(CardModifier())
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Navigation
+
+### Type-Safe NavigationStack
+
+Use `NavigationStack` with `NavigationPath` for programmatic, type-safe routing:
+
+```swift
+@Observable
+final class Router {
+    var path = NavigationPath()
+
+    func navigate(to destination: Destination) {
+        path.append(destination)
+    }
+
+    func popToRoot() {
+        path = NavigationPath()
+    }
+}
+
+enum Destination: Hashable {
+    case detail(Item.ID)
+    case settings
+    case profile(User.ID)
+}
+
+struct RootView: View {
+    @State private var router = Router()
+
+    var body: some View {
+        NavigationStack(path: $router.path) {
+            HomeView()
+                .navigationDestination(for: Destination.self) { dest in
+                    switch dest {
+                    case .detail(let id): ItemDetailView(itemID: id)
+                    case .settings: SettingsView()
+                    case .profile(let id): ProfileView(userID: id)
+                    }
+                }
+        }
+        .environment(router)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Performance
+
+### Use Lazy Containers for Large Collections
+
+`LazyVStack` and `LazyHStack` create views only when visible:
+
+```swift
+ScrollView {
+    LazyVStack(spacing: 8) {
+        ForEach(items) { item in
+            ItemRow(item: item)
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Stable Identifiers
+
+Always use stable, unique IDs in `ForEach` — avoid using array indices:
+
+```swift
+// Use Identifiable conformance or explicit id
+ForEach(items, id: \.stableID) { item in
+    ItemRow(item: item)
+}
+```
+
+### Avoid Expensive Work in body
+
+- Never perform I/O, network calls, or heavy computation inside `body`
+- Use `.task {}` for async work — it cancels automatically when the view disappears
+- Use `.sensoryFeedback()` and `.geometryGroup()` sparingly in scroll views
+- Minimize `.shadow()`, `.blur()`, and `.mask()` in lists — they trigger offscreen rendering
+
+### Equatable Conformance
+
+For views with expensive bodies, conform to `Equatable` to skip unnecessary re-renders:
+
+```swift
+struct ExpensiveChartView: View, Equatable {
+    let dataPoints: [DataPoint] // DataPoint must conform to Equatable
+
+    static func == (lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Bool {
+        lhs.dataPoints == rhs.dataPoints
+    }
+
+    var body: some View {
+        // Complex chart rendering
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Previews
+
+Use `#Preview` macro with inline mock data for fast iteration:
+
+```swift
+#Preview("Empty state") {
+    ItemListView(viewModel: ItemListViewModel(repository: EmptyMockRepository()))
+}
+
+#Preview("Loaded") {
+    ItemListView(viewModel: ItemListViewModel(repository: PopulatedMockRepository()))
+}
+```
+
+## Anti-Patterns to Avoid
+
+- Using `ObservableObject` / `@Published` / `@StateObject` / `@EnvironmentObject` in new code — migrate to `@Observable`
+- Putting async work directly in `body` or `init` — use `.task {}` or explicit load methods
+- Creating view models as `@State` inside child views that don't own the data — pass from parent instead
+- Using `AnyView` type erasure — prefer `@ViewBuilder` or `Group` for conditional views
+- Ignoring `Sendable` requirements when passing data to/from actors
+
+## References
+
+See skill: `swift-actor-persistence` for actor-based persistence patterns.
+See skill: `swift-protocol-di-testing` for protocol-based DI and testing with Swift Testing.