@grain/stdlib 0.5.13 → 0.6.0

package/json.md

@@ -0,0 +1,608 @@
+---
+title: Json
+---
+
+JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) parsing, printing, and access utilities.
+
+```grain
+from "json" include Json
+```
+
+```grain
+Json.parse("{\"currency\":\"€\",\"price\":99.99}")
+```
+
+```grain
+print(
+  toString(
+    format=Pretty,
+    JsonObject([("currency", JsonString("€")), ("price", JsonNumber(99.9))])
+  )
+)
+```
+
+## Types
+
+Type declarations included in the Json module.
+
+### Json.**Json**
+
+```grain
+enum Json {
+  JsonNull,
+  JsonBoolean(Bool),
+  JsonNumber(Number),
+  JsonString(String),
+  JsonArray(List<Json>),
+  JsonObject(List<(String, Json)>),
+}
+```
+
+Data structure representing JSON in Grain.
+
+Examples:
+
+```grain
+assert Json.parse("{\"currency\":\"€\",\"price\":99.99}") == JsonObject([
+  ("currency", JsonString("€")),
+  ("price", JsonNumber(99.99)),
+])
+```
+
+```grain
+assert Json.parse("{\n\"currency\":\"€\",\n\"price\":99.99\n}") == JsonObject([
+  ("currency", JsonString("€")),
+  ("price", JsonNumber(99.99)),
+])
+```
+
+### Json.**JsonToStringError**
+
+```grain
+enum JsonToStringError {
+  InvalidNumber(String),
+}
+```
+
+Represents errors for cases where a `Json` data structure cannot be represented as a
+JSON string.
+
+Variants:
+
+```grain
+InvalidNumber(String)
+```
+
+The `Json` data structure contains a number value of `NaN`, `Infinity`, or `-Infinity`.
+
+### Json.**IndentationFormat**
+
+```grain
+enum IndentationFormat {
+  NoIndentation,
+  IndentWithTab,
+  IndentWithSpaces(Number),
+}
+```
+
+Controls how indentation is output in custom formatting.
+
+Variants:
+
+```grain
+NoIndentation
+```
+
+No indentation is emitted.
+
+```json
+{
+"currency": "€",
+"price": 99.9
+}
+```
+
+```grain
+IndentWithTab
+```
+
+Tabs are emitted.
+
+```json
+{
+	"currency": "€",
+	"price": 99.9
+}
+```
+
+```grain
+IndentWithSpaces(Number)
+```
+
+The desired number of spaces are emitted.
+
+`IndentWithSpaces(2)`
+```json
+{
+  "currency": "€",
+  "price": 99.9
+}
+```
+
+`IndentWithSpaces(4)`
+```json
+{
+    "currency": "€",
+    "price": 99.9
+}
+```
+
+### Json.**ArrayFormat**
+
+```grain
+enum ArrayFormat {
+  CompactArrayEntries,
+  SpacedArrayEntries,
+  OneArrayEntryPerLine,
+}
+```
+
+Controls how arrays are output in custom formatting.
+
+Variants:
+
+```grain
+CompactArrayEntries
+```
+
+Arrays are emitted in a compact manner.
+
+```json
+[]
+```
+
+```json
+[1]
+```
+
+```json
+[1,2,3]
+```
+
+```grain
+SpacedArrayEntries
+```
+
+Arrays are emitted with spaces between elements.
+
+```json
+[ ]
+```
+
+```json
+[1]
+```
+
+```json
+[1, 2, 3]
+```
+
+```grain
+OneArrayEntryPerLine
+```
+
+Arrays are emitted with newlines and indentation between each element.
+
+```json
+[]
+```
+
+```json
+[
+  1
+]
+```
+
+```json
+[
+  1,
+  2,
+  3
+]
+```
+
+### Json.**ObjectFormat**
+
+```grain
+enum ObjectFormat {
+  CompactObjectEntries,
+  SpacedObjectEntries,
+  OneObjectEntryPerLine,
+}
+```
+
+Controls how objects are output in custom formatting.
+
+Variants:
+
+```grain
+CompactObjectEntries
+```
+
+Objects are emitted in a compact manner.
+
+```json
+{}
+```
+
+```json
+{"a":1}
+```
+
+```json
+{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3}
+```
+
+```grain
+SpacedObjectEntries
+```
+
+Objects are emitted with spaces between entries.
+
+```json
+{ }
+```
+
+```json
+{"a": 1}
+```
+
+```json
+{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
+```
+
+```grain
+OneObjectEntryPerLine
+```
+
+Objects are emitted with each entry on a new line.
+
+```
+{}
+```
+
+```
+{
+  "a": 1
+}
+```
+
+```
+{
+  "a": 1,
+  "b": 2,
+  "c": 3
+}
+```
+
+### Json.**LineEnding**
+
+```grain
+enum LineEnding {
+  NoLineEnding,
+  LineFeed,
+  CarriageReturnLineFeed,
+  CarriageReturn,
+}
+```
+
+Controls how line endings are output in custom formatting.
+
+Variants:
+
+```grain
+NoLineEnding
+```
+
+No line endings will be emitted.
+
+```grain
+LineFeed
+```
+
+A `\n` will be emitted at the end of each line.
+
+```grain
+CarriageReturnLineFeed
+```
+
+A `\r\n` will be emitted at the end of each line.
+
+```grain
+CarriageReturn
+```
+
+A `\r` will be emitted at the end of each line.
+
+### Json.**FormattingChoices**
+
+```grain
+enum FormattingChoices {
+  Pretty,
+  Compact,
+  PrettyAndSafe,
+  CompactAndSafe,
+  Custom{
+    indentation: IndentationFormat,
+    arrayFormat: ArrayFormat,
+    objectFormat: ObjectFormat,
+    lineEnding: LineEnding,
+    finishWithNewLine: Bool,
+    escapeAllControlPoints: Bool,
+    escapeHTMLUnsafeSequences: Bool,
+    escapeNonASCII: Bool,
+  },
+}
+```
+
+Allows control of formatting in JSON output.
+
+Variants:
+
+```grain
+Pretty
+```
+
+Recommended human readable formatting.
+
+Escapes all control points for the sake of clarity, but outputs unicode
+codepoints directly so the result needs to be treated as proper unicode and
+is not safe to be transported in ASCII encoding.
+
+Roughly Equivalent to:
+```grain
+Custom{
+ indentation: IndentWithSpaces(2),
+ arrayFormat: OneArrayEntryPerLine,
+ objectFormat: OneObjectEntryPerLine,
+ lineEnding: LineFeed,
+ finishWithNewLine: true,
+ escapeAllControlPoints: true,
+ escapeHTMLUnsafeSequences: false,
+ escapeNonASCII: false,
+}
+```
+
+```json
+{
+  "currency": "€",
+  "price": 99.9,
+  "currencyDescription": "EURO\u007f",
+}
+```
+
+```grain
+Compact
+```
+
+Compact formatting that minimizes the size of resulting JSON at cost of not
+being easily human readable.
+
+Only performs minimal string escaping as required by the ECMA-404 standard,
+so the result needs to be treated as proper unicode and is not safe to be
+transported in ASCII encoding.
+
+Roughly Equivalent to:
+```grain
+Custom{
+ indentation: NoIndentation,
+ arrayFormat: CompactArrayEntries,
+ objectFormat: CompactObjectEntries,
+ lineEnding: NoLineEnding,
+ finishWithNewLine: false,
+ escapeAllControlPoints: false,
+ escapeHTMLUnsafeSequences: false,
+ escapeNonASCII: false,
+}
+```
+
+```json
+{"currency":"€","price":99.9,"currencyDescription":"EURO␡"}
+```
+
+```grain
+PrettyAndSafe
+```
+
+Pretty and conservative formatting to maximize compatibility and
+embeddability of the resulting JSON.
+
+Should be safe to copy and paste directly into HTML and to be transported in
+plain ASCII.
+
+Roughly Equivalent to:
+```grain
+Custom{
+ indentation: IndentWithSpaces(2),
+ arrayFormat: OneArrayEntryPerLine,
+ objectFormat: OneObjectEntryPerLine,
+ lineEnding: LineFeed,
+ finishWithNewLine: true,
+ escapeAllControlPoints: true,
+ escapeHTMLUnsafeSequences: true,
+ escapeNonASCII: true,
+}
+```
+
+```json
+{
+  "currency": "\u20ac",
+  "price": 99.9,
+  "currencyDescription": "EURO\u007f",
+}
+```
+
+```grain
+CompactAndSafe
+```
+
+Compact and conservative formatting to maximize compatibility and
+embeddability of the resulting JSON.
+
+Should be safe to copy and paste directly into HTML and to transported in
+plain ASCII.
+
+Roughly Equivalent to:
+```grain
+Custom{
+ indentation: NoIndentation,
+ arrayFormat: CompactArrayEntries,
+ objectFormat: CompactObjectEntries,
+ lineEnding: NoLineEnding,
+ finishWithNewLine: false,
+ escapeAllControlPoints: true,
+ escapeHTMLUnsafeSequences: true,
+ escapeNonASCII: true,
+}
+```
+
+```json
+{"currency":"\u20ac","price":99.9,"currencyDescription":"EURO\u007f"}
+```
+
+```grain
+Custom{
+  indentation: IndentationFormat,
+  arrayFormat: ArrayFormat,
+  objectFormat: ObjectFormat,
+  lineEnding: LineEnding,
+  finishWithNewLine: Bool,
+  escapeAllControlPoints: Bool,
+  escapeHTMLUnsafeSequences: Bool,
+  escapeNonASCII: Bool,
+}
+```
+
+Allows for fined grained control of the formatting output.
+
+### Json.**JsonParseError**
+
+```grain
+enum JsonParseError {
+  UnexpectedEndOfInput(String),
+  UnexpectedToken(String),
+  InvalidUTF16SurrogatePair(String),
+}
+```
+
+Represents errors for JSON parsing along with a human readable message.
+
+## Values
+
+Functions and constants included in the Json module.
+
+### Json.**toString**
+
+<details disabled>
+<summary tabindex="-1">Added in <code>0.6.0</code></summary>
+No other changes yet.
+</details>
+
+```grain
+toString :
+  (?format: FormattingChoices, json: Json) =>
+   Result<String, JsonToStringError>
+```
+
+Converts the `Json` data structure into a JSON string with specific formatting settings.
+
+Parameters:
+
+|param|type|description|
+|-----|----|-----------|
+|`?format`|`FormattingChoices`|Formatting options|
+|`json`|`Json`|The `Json` data structure to convert|
+
+Returns:
+
+|type|description|
+|----|-----------|
+|`Result<String, JsonToStringError>`|`Ok(str)` containing the JSON string or `Err(err)` if the provided `Json` data structure cannot be converted to a string|
+
+Examples:
+
+```grain
+assert toString(
+  JsonObject([("currency", JsonString("€")), ("price", JsonNumber(99.9))]
+) == Ok("{\"currency\":\"€\",\"price\":99.9}")
+```
+
+```grain
+assert toString(
+  format=Compact
+  JsonObject([("currency", JsonString("€")), ("price", JsonNumber(99.9))])
+) == Ok("{\"currency\":\"€\",\"price\":99.9}")
+```
+
+```grain
+assert toString(
+  format=Pretty,
+  JsonObject([("currency", JsonString("€")), ("price", JsonNumber(99.9))])
+) == Ok("{
+  \"currency\": \"€\",
+  \"price\": 99.9
+}")
+```
+
+```grain
+assert toString(
+  format=Custom{
+    indentation: NoIndentation,
+    arrayFormat: CompactArrayEntries,
+    objectFormat: CompactObjectEntries,
+    lineEnding: NoLineEnding,
+    finishWithNewLine: false,
+    escapeAllControlPoints: true,
+    escapeHTMLUnsafeSequences: true,
+    escapeNonASCII: true,
+  },
+  JsonObject([("currency", JsonString("€")), ("price", JsonNumber(99.9))])
+) == Ok("{\"currency\":\"\\u20ac\",\"price\":99.9}")
+```
+
+### Json.**parse**
+
+<details disabled>
+<summary tabindex="-1">Added in <code>0.6.0</code></summary>
+No other changes yet.
+</details>
+
+```grain
+parse : (str: String) => Result<Json, JsonParseError>
+```
+
+Parses JSON string into a `Json` data structure.
+
+Parameters:
+
+|param|type|description|
+|-----|----|-----------|
+|`str`|`String`|The JSON string to parse|
+
+Returns:
+
+|type|description|
+|----|-----------|
+|`Result<Json, JsonParseError>`|`Ok(json)` containing the parsed data structure on a successful parse or `Err(err)` containing a parse error otherwise|
+
+Examples:
+
+```grain
+assert parse("{\"currency\":\"$\",\"price\":119}") == Ok(
+ JsonObject([
+   ("currency", JsonString("$")),
+   ("price", JsonNumber(119))
+ ])
+)
+```
+