@gracker/smartperfetto 1.0.13

package/skills/atomic/main_thread_slices_in_range.skill.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+# Copyright (C) 2024-2026 Gracker (Chris)
+# This file is part of SmartPerfetto. See LICENSE for details.
+
+# =============================================================================
+# 主线程切片热点（原子 Skill）
+# =============================================================================
+# 分析指定时间区间内主线程切片耗时 TopN。
+
+name: main_thread_slices_in_range
+version: "1.0"
+type: atomic
+category: app_lifecycle
+tier: B
+
+meta:
+  display_name: "主线程切片热点 (区间)"
+  description: "统计区间内主线程切片耗时分布"
+  icon: "view_timeline"
+  tags: [main_thread, slice, startup, atomic]
+
+inputs:
+  - name: start_ts
+    type: timestamp
+    required: true
+    description: "分析起始时间戳(ns)"
+  - name: end_ts
+    type: timestamp
+    required: true
+    description: "分析结束时间戳(ns)"
+  - name: package
+    type: string
+    required: false
+    description: "目标应用包名（支持 GLOB）"
+  - name: min_dur_ns
+    type: integer
+    required: false
+    description: "最小切片时长阈值(ns)，默认 1ms"
+  - name: top_k
+    type: integer
+    required: false
+    description: "返回 TopK 条目，默认 10"
+
+display:
+  level: key
+  layer: deep
+  title: "主线程耗时操作 Top10"
+  columns:
+    - name: slice_name
+      label: "切片名"
+      type: string
+    - name: count
+      label: "次数"
+      type: number
+      format: compact
+    - name: total_ms
+      label: "总耗时(wall)"
+      type: duration
+      format: duration_ms
+    - name: self_ms
+      label: "自身耗时"
+      type: duration
+      format: duration_ms
+    - name: avg_ms
+      label: "平均耗时"
+      type: duration
+      format: duration_ms
+    - name: max_ms
+      label: "最大耗时"
+      type: duration
+      format: duration_ms
+    - name: percent
+      label: "区间占比(wall)"
+      type: percentage
+      format: percentage
+    - name: self_percent
+      label: "区间占比(self)"
+      type: percentage
+      format: percentage
+
+sql: |
+  WITH main_thread AS (
+    SELECT t.utid
+    FROM thread t
+    JOIN process p ON t.upid = p.upid
+    WHERE (p.name GLOB '${package}*' OR '${package}' = '')
+      AND t.tid = p.pid
+  ),
+  -- Compute per-slice self_dur (exclusive time = wall time - direct children time)
+  slice_with_self AS (
+    SELECT
+      s.id,
+      s.name as slice_name,
+      MIN(s.ts + s.dur, ${end_ts}) - MAX(s.ts, ${start_ts}) as clipped_dur,
+      -- Self dur = clipped wall time minus clipped children time
+      (MIN(s.ts + s.dur, ${end_ts}) - MAX(s.ts, ${start_ts}))
+        - COALESCE((
+            SELECT SUM(
+              MIN(c.ts + c.dur, MIN(s.ts + s.dur, ${end_ts}))
+              - MAX(c.ts, MAX(s.ts, ${start_ts}))
+            )
+            FROM slice c
+            WHERE c.parent_id = s.id
+              AND c.ts < ${end_ts}
+              AND c.ts + c.dur > ${start_ts}
+          ), 0) as self_dur
+    FROM slice s
+    JOIN thread_track tt ON s.track_id = tt.id
+    JOIN main_thread mt ON tt.utid = mt.utid
+    WHERE s.ts < ${end_ts}
+      AND s.ts + s.dur > ${start_ts}
+  )
+  SELECT
+    slice_name,
+    COUNT(*) as count,
+    ROUND(SUM(clipped_dur) / 1e6, 2) as total_ms,
+    ROUND(SUM(self_dur) / 1e6, 2) as self_ms,
+    ROUND(AVG(clipped_dur) / 1e6, 2) as avg_ms,
+    ROUND(MAX(clipped_dur) / 1e6, 2) as max_ms,
+    ROUND(100.0 * SUM(clipped_dur) / NULLIF(${end_ts} - ${start_ts}, 0), 1) as percent,
+    ROUND(100.0 * SUM(self_dur) / NULLIF(${end_ts} - ${start_ts}, 0), 1) as self_percent
+  FROM slice_with_self
+  WHERE clipped_dur >= ${min_dur_ns|1000000}
+  GROUP BY slice_name
+  ORDER BY total_ms DESC
+  LIMIT ${top_k|10}
+
+output:
+  format: structured

package/skills/atomic/main_thread_states_in_range.skill.yaml

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+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+# Copyright (C) 2024-2026 Gracker (Chris)
+# This file is part of SmartPerfetto. See LICENSE for details.
+
+# =============================================================================
+# 主线程状态分布（原子 Skill）
+# =============================================================================
+# 统计指定时间区间主线程 Running/Runnable/Blocked 状态及阻塞函数分布。
+
+name: main_thread_states_in_range
+version: "1.0"
+type: atomic
+category: app_lifecycle
+tier: B
+
+meta:
+  display_name: "主线程状态分布 (区间)"
+  description: "统计区间内主线程状态、阻塞函数与占比"
+  icon: "timeline"
+  tags: [main_thread, state, blocking, sched, atomic]
+
+inputs:
+  - name: start_ts
+    type: timestamp
+    required: true
+    description: "分析起始时间戳(ns)"
+  - name: end_ts
+    type: timestamp
+    required: true
+    description: "分析结束时间戳(ns)"
+  - name: package
+    type: string
+    required: false
+    description: "目标进程名（支持 GLOB）"
+  - name: top_k
+    type: integer
+    required: false
+    description: "返回 TopK 条目，默认 10"
+
+display:
+  level: key
+  layer: deep
+  title: "主线程状态分布"
+  columns:
+    - name: state
+      label: "状态"
+      type: string
+    - name: state_desc
+      label: "状态说明"
+      type: string
+    - name: blocked_function
+      label: "阻塞函数"
+      type: string
+      format: code
+    - name: total_dur_ms
+      label: "总耗时"
+      type: duration
+      format: duration_ms
+    - name: pct
+      label: "区间占比"
+      type: percentage
+      format: percentage
+    - name: count
+      label: "次数"
+      type: number
+      format: compact
+
+sql: |
+  WITH main_thread AS (
+    SELECT t.utid
+    FROM thread t
+    JOIN process p ON t.upid = p.upid
+    WHERE (p.name GLOB '${package}*' OR '${package}' = '')
+      AND t.tid = p.pid
+    LIMIT 1
+  )
+  SELECT
+    ts.state,
+    CASE ts.state
+      WHEN 'Running' THEN 'Running (CPU执行)'
+      WHEN 'R' THEN 'Runnable (等待调度)'
+      WHEN 'R+' THEN 'Runnable+ (抢占等待)'
+      WHEN 'S' THEN 'Sleeping (主动睡眠)'
+      WHEN 'D' THEN 'Disk Sleep (IO等待)'
+      WHEN 'I' THEN 'Idle (空闲)'
+      ELSE ts.state
+    END as state_desc,
+    COALESCE(ts.blocked_function, '-') as blocked_function,
+    ROUND(SUM(
+      MIN(ts.ts + ts.dur, ${end_ts}) - MAX(ts.ts, ${start_ts})
+    ) / 1e6, 2) as total_dur_ms,
+    ROUND(100.0 * SUM(
+      MIN(ts.ts + ts.dur, ${end_ts}) - MAX(ts.ts, ${start_ts})
+    ) / NULLIF(${end_ts} - ${start_ts}, 0), 1) as pct,
+    COUNT(*) as count
+  FROM thread_state ts
+  JOIN main_thread mt ON ts.utid = mt.utid
+  WHERE ts.ts < ${end_ts}
+    AND ts.ts + ts.dur > ${start_ts}
+  GROUP BY ts.state, ts.blocked_function
+  ORDER BY total_dur_ms DESC
+  LIMIT ${top_k|10}
+
+output:
+  format: structured

package/skills/atomic/mali_gpu_power_state.skill.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+# Copyright (C) 2024-2026 Gracker (Chris)
+# This file is part of SmartPerfetto. See LICENSE for details.
+
+# =============================================================================
+# Mali GPU 电源状态（B 级 atomic）
+# =============================================================================
+# 使用 android.gpu.mali_power_state 模块统计 Mali GPU 的电源状态变化。
+# Mali 是 ARM 系 SoC（MTK/三星 Exynos）主流 GPU，识别 idle/active 状态是 GPU 功耗分析前置。
+
+name: mali_gpu_power_state
+version: "1.0"
+type: atomic
+category: gpu
+tier: B
+
+meta:
+  display_name: "Mali GPU 电源状态"
+  description: "Mali GPU 电源状态变化序列"
+  icon: "memory"
+  tags: [gpu, mali, power, state, atomic]
+
+prerequisites:
+  modules:
+    - android.gpu.mali_power_state
+
+inputs: []
+
+steps:
+  - id: mali_state
+    type: atomic
+    name: "Mali 状态时间线"
+    display:
+      level: detail
+      layer: list
+      title: "Mali GPU 电源状态"
+      columns:
+        - name: ts
+          label: "时间"
+          type: timestamp
+        - name: dur_ms
+          label: "时长(ms)"
+          type: duration
+          format: duration_ms
+        - name: power_state
+          label: "状态"
+          type: string
+    sql: |
+      SELECT
+        ts,
+        ROUND(dur / 1e6, 2) AS dur_ms,
+        power_state
+      FROM android_mali_gpu_power_state
+      ORDER BY ts ASC

package/skills/atomic/media_codec_activity.skill.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+# Copyright (C) 2024-2026 Gracker (Chris)
+# This file is part of SmartPerfetto. See LICENSE for details.
+
+# =============================================================================
+# Media Codec Activity
+# =============================================================================
+# Conservative media probe based on public slice/thread data. There is no stable
+# Android media codec stdlib table in the current symbol index, so this skill
+# uses slices.with_context and requires real codec traces for threshold tuning.
+
+name: media_codec_activity
+version: "1.0"
+type: atomic
+category: media
+tier: B
+
+meta:
+  display_name: "媒体 Codec 活动分析"
+  description: "检测 MediaCodec/Codec2/OMX/CCodec 相关线程和 buffer API 切片，定位慢解码、queue/dequeue 和 releaseOutputBuffer 问题"
+  icon: "movie"
+  tags: [media, codec, decoder, video, audio, buffer, atomic]
+
+triggers:
+  keywords:
+    zh: [MediaCodec, Codec2, OMX, 解码卡顿, 视频卡顿, 音视频, releaseOutputBuffer]
+    en: [mediacodec, codec2, omx, decoder jank, video stutter, releaseOutputBuffer]
+  patterns:
+    - ".*(MediaCodec|Codec2|OMX|CCodec).*(卡顿|慢|解码|buffer).*"
+    - ".*(mediacodec|codec2|omx|ccodec).*(jank|slow|decode|buffer).*"
+
+prerequisites:
+  required_tables:
+    - slice
+    - thread_track
+    - thread
+    - process
+  modules:
+    - slices.with_context
+
+inputs:
+  - name: package
+    type: string
+    required: false
+    description: "目标进程名（支持 GLOB）"
+  - name: process_name
+    type: string
+    required: false
+    description: "目标进程名别名；当 package 为空时使用"
+  - name: start_ts
+    type: timestamp
+    required: false
+    description: "分析起始时间戳(ns)"
+  - name: end_ts
+    type: timestamp
+    required: false
+    description: "分析结束时间戳(ns)"
+  - name: slow_threshold_ms
+    type: number
+    required: false
+    description: "慢 codec 事件阈值(ms)，默认 8"
+
+steps:
+  - id: codec_activity_summary
+    type: atomic
+    name: "Codec 活动汇总"
+    display:
+      level: summary
+      layer: overview
+      title: "Media Codec 活动汇总"
+      columns:
+        - name: phase
+          label: "阶段"
+          type: string
+        - name: process_name
+          label: "进程"
+          type: string
+        - name: thread_name
+          label: "线程"
+          type: string
+        - name: slice_count
+          label: "次数"
+          type: number
+          format: compact
+        - name: total_dur_ms
+          label: "总耗时"
+          type: duration
+          format: duration_ms
+        - name: p95_dur_ms
+          label: "P95耗时"
+          type: duration
+          format: duration_ms
+        - name: max_dur_ms
+          label: "最大耗时"
+          type: duration
+          format: duration_ms
+    sql: |
+      WITH
+      input AS (
+        SELECT
+          COALESCE(NULLIF('${package|}', ''), NULLIF('${process_name|}', ''), '') AS target_process,
+          COALESCE(${start_ts}, 0) AS start_ts,
+          COALESCE(${end_ts}, (SELECT COALESCE(MAX(ts + dur), 0) FROM slice)) AS end_ts
+      ),
+      codec_slices AS (
+        SELECT
+          s.ts,
+          s.dur,
+          s.name AS slice_name,
+          COALESCE(t.name, '<unnamed>') AS thread_name,
+          p.name AS process_name,
+          CASE
+            WHEN s.name GLOB '*dequeueInputBuffer*' OR s.name GLOB '*queueInputBuffer*' THEN 'input_buffer'
+            WHEN s.name GLOB '*dequeueOutputBuffer*' OR s.name GLOB '*releaseOutputBuffer*' THEN 'output_buffer'
+            WHEN s.name GLOB '*MediaCodec*' OR t.name GLOB '*MediaCodec*' THEN 'mediacodec'
+            WHEN s.name GLOB '*Codec2*' OR t.name GLOB '*Codec2*' OR s.name GLOB '*C2*' THEN 'codec2'
+            WHEN s.name GLOB '*OMX*' OR t.name GLOB '*OMX*' THEN 'omx'
+            WHEN s.name GLOB '*CCodec*' OR t.name GLOB '*CCodec*' THEN 'ccodec'
+            ELSE 'media_codec'
+          END AS phase,
+          ROUND(s.dur / 1e6, 2) AS dur_ms
+        FROM slice s
+        JOIN thread_track tt ON s.track_id = tt.id
+        JOIN thread t ON tt.utid = t.utid
+        JOIN process p ON t.upid = p.upid
+        CROSS JOIN input i
+        WHERE (i.target_process = '' OR p.name GLOB i.target_process || '*')
+          AND s.ts >= i.start_ts
+          AND s.ts < i.end_ts
+          AND s.dur > 0
+          AND (
+            s.name GLOB '*MediaCodec*' OR t.name GLOB '*MediaCodec*' OR
+            s.name GLOB '*Codec2*' OR t.name GLOB '*Codec2*' OR
+            s.name GLOB '*CCodec*' OR t.name GLOB '*CCodec*' OR
+            s.name GLOB '*OMX*' OR t.name GLOB '*OMX*' OR
+            s.name GLOB '*dequeueInputBuffer*' OR s.name GLOB '*queueInputBuffer*' OR
+            s.name GLOB '*dequeueOutputBuffer*' OR s.name GLOB '*releaseOutputBuffer*'
+          )
+      )
+      SELECT
+        phase,
+        process_name,
+        thread_name,
+        COUNT(*) AS slice_count,
+        ROUND(SUM(dur_ms), 2) AS total_dur_ms,
+        ROUND(PERCENTILE(dur_ms, 0.95), 2) AS p95_dur_ms,
+        ROUND(MAX(dur_ms), 2) AS max_dur_ms
+      FROM codec_slices
+      GROUP BY phase, process_name, thread_name
+      ORDER BY total_dur_ms DESC, max_dur_ms DESC
+      LIMIT 50
+    save_as: codec_activity_summary
+
+  - id: slow_codec_events
+    type: atomic
+    name: "慢 Codec 事件"
+    display:
+      level: detail
+      layer: list
+      title: "慢 Media Codec 事件"
+      columns:
+        - name: ts
+          label: "时间"
+          type: timestamp
+          unit: ns
+          clickAction: navigate_range
+          durationColumn: dur_ns
+        - name: dur_ns
+          label: "耗时(ns)"
+          type: duration
+          unit: ns
+          hidden: true
+        - name: dur_ms
+          label: "耗时"
+          type: duration
+          format: duration_ms
+        - name: phase
+          label: "阶段"
+          type: string
+        - name: slice_name
+          label: "Slice"
+          type: string
+        - name: thread_name
+          label: "线程"
+          type: string
+        - name: process_name
+          label: "进程"
+          type: string
+    sql: |
+      WITH
+      input AS (
+        SELECT
+          COALESCE(NULLIF('${package|}', ''), NULLIF('${process_name|}', ''), '') AS target_process,
+          COALESCE(${slow_threshold_ms}, 8) AS slow_threshold_ms,
+          COALESCE(${start_ts}, 0) AS start_ts,
+          COALESCE(${end_ts}, (SELECT COALESCE(MAX(ts + dur), 0) FROM slice)) AS end_ts
+      )
+      SELECT
+        printf('%d', s.ts) AS ts,
+        printf('%d', s.dur) AS dur_ns,
+        ROUND(s.dur / 1e6, 2) AS dur_ms,
+        CASE
+          WHEN s.name GLOB '*dequeueInputBuffer*' OR s.name GLOB '*queueInputBuffer*' THEN 'input_buffer'
+          WHEN s.name GLOB '*dequeueOutputBuffer*' OR s.name GLOB '*releaseOutputBuffer*' THEN 'output_buffer'
+          WHEN s.name GLOB '*MediaCodec*' OR t.name GLOB '*MediaCodec*' THEN 'mediacodec'
+          WHEN s.name GLOB '*Codec2*' OR t.name GLOB '*Codec2*' OR s.name GLOB '*C2*' THEN 'codec2'
+          WHEN s.name GLOB '*OMX*' OR t.name GLOB '*OMX*' THEN 'omx'
+          WHEN s.name GLOB '*CCodec*' OR t.name GLOB '*CCodec*' THEN 'ccodec'
+          ELSE 'media_codec'
+        END AS phase,
+        s.name AS slice_name,
+        COALESCE(t.name, '<unnamed>') AS thread_name,
+        p.name AS process_name
+      FROM slice s
+      JOIN thread_track tt ON s.track_id = tt.id
+      JOIN thread t ON tt.utid = t.utid
+      JOIN process p ON t.upid = p.upid
+      CROSS JOIN input i
+      WHERE (i.target_process = '' OR p.name GLOB i.target_process || '*')
+        AND s.ts >= i.start_ts
+        AND s.ts < i.end_ts
+        AND s.dur > i.slow_threshold_ms * 1000000.0
+        AND (
+          s.name GLOB '*MediaCodec*' OR t.name GLOB '*MediaCodec*' OR
+          s.name GLOB '*Codec2*' OR t.name GLOB '*Codec2*' OR
+          s.name GLOB '*CCodec*' OR t.name GLOB '*CCodec*' OR
+          s.name GLOB '*OMX*' OR t.name GLOB '*OMX*' OR
+          s.name GLOB '*dequeueInputBuffer*' OR s.name GLOB '*queueInputBuffer*' OR
+          s.name GLOB '*dequeueOutputBuffer*' OR s.name GLOB '*releaseOutputBuffer*'
+        )
+      ORDER BY s.dur DESC
+      LIMIT 100
+    save_as: slow_codec_events
+
+output:
+  format: structured

package/skills/atomic/memory_growth_detector.skill.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+# Copyright (C) 2024-2026 Gracker (Chris)
+# This file is part of SmartPerfetto. See LICENSE for details.
+
+name: memory_growth_detector
+version: "1.0"
+type: atomic
+category: memory
+tier: B
+
+meta:
+  display_name: "内存增长检测"
+  description: "基于 linux.memory.process stdlib 比较进程窗口首尾 RSS/Swap，检测持续增长趋势"
+  icon: "trending_up"
+  tags: [memory, rss, swap, growth, leak, runtime, atomic]
+
+triggers:
+  keywords:
+    zh: [内存增长, 内存泄漏, RSS 增长, swap 增长, 泄漏检测]
+    en: [memory growth, memory leak, rss growth, swap growth, leak detection]
+  patterns:
+    - ".*(内存|RSS|swap).*(增长|泄漏).*"
+    - ".*(memory|rss|swap).*(growth|leak).*"
+
+prerequisites:
+  modules:
+    - linux.memory.process
+
+inputs:
+  - name: package
+    type: string
+    required: false
+    description: "目标进程名（支持 GLOB）"
+  - name: process_name
+    type: string
+    required: false
+    description: "目标进程名别名；当 package 为空时使用"
+  - name: start_ts
+    type: timestamp
+    required: false
+    description: "分析起始时间戳(ns)"
+  - name: end_ts
+    type: timestamp
+    required: false
+    description: "分析结束时间戳(ns)"
+  - name: growth_warning_mb
+    type: number
+    required: false
+    description: "增长告警阈值(MB)，默认 50"
+
+steps:
+  - id: memory_growth
+    type: atomic
+    name: "进程内存增长"
+    display:
+      level: summary
+      layer: overview
+      title: "进程内存增长检测"
+      columns:
+        - name: process_name
+          label: "进程"
+          type: string
+        - name: samples
+          label: "样本数"
+          type: number
+          format: compact
+        - name: first_rss_mb
+          label: "初始RSS(MB)"
+          type: number
+        - name: last_rss_mb
+          label: "结束RSS(MB)"
+          type: number
+        - name: rss_growth_mb
+          label: "RSS增长(MB)"
+          type: number
+        - name: max_rss_mb
+          label: "RSS峰值(MB)"
+          type: number
+        - name: swap_growth_mb
+          label: "Swap增长(MB)"
+          type: number
+        - name: rating
+          label: "评级"
+          type: string
+    sql: |
+      WITH
+      input AS (
+        SELECT
+          COALESCE(NULLIF('${package|}', ''), NULLIF('${process_name|}', ''), '') AS target_process,
+          COALESCE(${growth_warning_mb}, 50) AS growth_warning_mb,
+          COALESCE(${start_ts}, 0) AS start_ts,
+          COALESCE(${end_ts}, (SELECT COALESCE(MAX(ts + dur), 0) FROM memory_rss_and_swap_per_process)) AS end_ts
+      ),
+      samples AS (
+        SELECT
+          process_name,
+          ts,
+          rss,
+          COALESCE(swap, 0) AS swap
+        FROM memory_rss_and_swap_per_process, input
+        WHERE (input.target_process = '' OR process_name GLOB input.target_process || '*')
+          AND ts >= input.start_ts
+          AND ts < input.end_ts
+          AND rss IS NOT NULL
+      ),
+      ranked AS (
+        SELECT
+          *,
+          ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY process_name ORDER BY ts ASC) AS rn_first,
+          ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY process_name ORDER BY ts DESC) AS rn_last
+        FROM samples
+      ),
+      aggregated AS (
+        SELECT
+          process_name,
+          COUNT(*) AS samples,
+          MAX(CASE WHEN rn_first = 1 THEN rss END) AS first_rss,
+          MAX(CASE WHEN rn_last = 1 THEN rss END) AS last_rss,
+          MAX(rss) AS max_rss,
+          MAX(CASE WHEN rn_first = 1 THEN swap END) AS first_swap,
+          MAX(CASE WHEN rn_last = 1 THEN swap END) AS last_swap
+        FROM ranked
+        GROUP BY process_name
+      )
+      SELECT
+        process_name,
+        samples,
+        ROUND(first_rss / 1024.0 / 1024.0, 2) AS first_rss_mb,
+        ROUND(last_rss / 1024.0 / 1024.0, 2) AS last_rss_mb,
+        ROUND((last_rss - first_rss) / 1024.0 / 1024.0, 2) AS rss_growth_mb,
+        ROUND(max_rss / 1024.0 / 1024.0, 2) AS max_rss_mb,
+        ROUND((last_swap - first_swap) / 1024.0 / 1024.0, 2) AS swap_growth_mb,
+        CASE
+          WHEN (last_rss - first_rss) / 1024.0 / 1024.0 > (SELECT growth_warning_mb * 2 FROM input) THEN 'critical'
+          WHEN (last_rss - first_rss) / 1024.0 / 1024.0 > (SELECT growth_warning_mb FROM input) THEN 'warning'
+          WHEN (last_swap - first_swap) > 0 THEN 'notice'
+          ELSE 'normal'
+        END AS rating
+      FROM aggregated
+      WHERE samples >= 2
+      ORDER BY rss_growth_mb DESC
+      LIMIT 100
+    save_as: memory_growth
+
+output:
+  format: structured