@gajae-code/coding-agent 0.1.1

package/src/edit/modes/patch.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1835 @@
+/**
+ * Patch application logic for the edit tool.
+ *
+ * Applies parsed diff hunks to file content using fuzzy matching
+ * for robust handling of whitespace and formatting differences.
+ */
+
+import * as fs from "node:fs";
+import * as path from "node:path";
+import type { AgentToolResult } from "@gajae-code/agent-core";
+import { isEnoent } from "@gajae-code/utils";
+import * as z from "zod/v4";
+import {
+	type FileDiagnosticsResult,
+	flushLspWritethroughBatch,
+	type WritethroughCallback,
+	type WritethroughDeferredHandle,
+} from "../../lsp";
+import type { ToolSession } from "../../tools";
+import { assertEditableFile } from "../../tools/auto-generated-guard";
+import {
+	invalidateFsScanAfterDelete,
+	invalidateFsScanAfterRename,
+	invalidateFsScanAfterWrite,
+} from "../../tools/fs-cache-invalidation";
+import { outputMeta } from "../../tools/output-meta";
+import { resolveToCwd } from "../../tools/path-utils";
+import { enforcePlanModeWrite, resolvePlanPath } from "../../tools/plan-mode-guard";
+import { ToolError } from "../../tools/tool-errors";
+import {
+	ApplyPatchError,
+	type DiffHunk,
+	generateUnifiedDiffString,
+	normalizeCreateContent,
+	parseDiffHunks,
+} from "../diff";
+import {
+	adjustIndentation,
+	convertLeadingTabsToSpaces,
+	countLeadingWhitespace,
+	detectLineEnding,
+	getLeadingWhitespace,
+	normalizeToLF,
+	restoreLineEndings,
+	stripBom,
+} from "../normalize";
+import { readEditFileText, serializeEditFileText } from "../read-file";
+import type { EditToolDetails, LspBatchRequest } from "../renderer";
+import {
+	type ContextLineResult,
+	DEFAULT_FUZZY_THRESHOLD,
+	findClosestSequenceMatch,
+	findContextLine,
+	findMatch,
+	type SequenceSearchResult,
+	seekSequence,
+} from "./replace";
+
+export type Operation = "create" | "delete" | "update";
+
+export interface PatchInput {
+	path: string;
+	op: Operation;
+	rename?: string;
+	diff?: string;
+}
+
+export interface FileSystem {
+	exists(path: string): Promise<boolean>;
+	read(path: string): Promise<string>;
+	readBinary?: (path: string) => Promise<Uint8Array>;
+	write(path: string, content: string): Promise<void>;
+	delete(path: string): Promise<void>;
+	mkdir(path: string): Promise<void>;
+}
+
+interface FileChange {
+	type: Operation;
+	path: string;
+	newPath?: string;
+	oldContent?: string;
+	newContent?: string;
+}
+
+export interface ApplyPatchResult {
+	change: FileChange;
+	warnings?: string[];
+}
+
+export interface ApplyPatchOptions {
+	cwd: string;
+	dryRun?: boolean;
+	fuzzyThreshold?: number;
+	allowFuzzy?: boolean;
+	fs?: FileSystem;
+}
+
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// Default File System
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+/** Default filesystem implementation using Bun APIs */
+export const defaultFileSystem: FileSystem = {
+	async exists(path: string): Promise<boolean> {
+		return Bun.file(path).exists();
+	},
+	async read(path: string): Promise<string> {
+		return readEditFileText(path, path);
+	},
+	async readBinary(path: string): Promise<Uint8Array> {
+		return fs.promises.readFile(path);
+	},
+	async write(path: string, content: string): Promise<void> {
+		await Bun.write(path, await serializeEditFileText(path, path, content));
+	},
+	async delete(path: string): Promise<void> {
+		await fs.promises.unlink(path);
+	},
+	async mkdir(path: string): Promise<void> {
+		await fs.promises.mkdir(path, { recursive: true });
+	},
+};
+
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// Internal Types
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+interface Replacement {
+	startIndex: number;
+	oldLen: number;
+	newLines: string[];
+}
+
+type HunkVariantKind = "trim-common" | "dedupe-shared" | "collapse-repeated" | "single-line";
+
+interface HunkVariant {
+	oldLines: string[];
+	newLines: string[];
+	kind: HunkVariantKind;
+}
+
+function isBlankLine(line: string): boolean {
+	return line.trim().length === 0;
+}
+
+function areEqualLines(left: string[], right: string[]): boolean {
+	if (left.length !== right.length) return false;
+	for (let i = 0; i < left.length; i++) {
+		if (left[i] !== right[i]) return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+function areEqualTrimmedLines(left: string[], right: string[]): boolean {
+	if (left.length !== right.length) return false;
+	for (let i = 0; i < left.length; i++) {
+		if (left[i].trim() !== right[i].trim()) return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+function getIndentChar(lines: string[]): string {
+	for (const line of lines) {
+		const ws = getLeadingWhitespace(line);
+		if (ws.length > 0) return ws[0];
+	}
+	return " ";
+}
+
+function collectIndentDeltas(oldLines: string[], actualLines: string[]): number[] {
+	const deltas: number[] = [];
+	const lineCount = Math.min(oldLines.length, actualLines.length);
+	for (let i = 0; i < lineCount; i++) {
+		const oldLine = oldLines[i];
+		const actualLine = actualLines[i];
+		if (isBlankLine(oldLine) || isBlankLine(actualLine)) continue;
+		deltas.push(countLeadingWhitespace(actualLine) - countLeadingWhitespace(oldLine));
+	}
+	return deltas;
+}
+
+function applyIndentDelta(lines: string[], delta: number, indentChar: string): string[] {
+	return lines.map(line => {
+		if (isBlankLine(line)) return line;
+		if (delta > 0) return indentChar.repeat(delta) + line;
+		const toRemove = Math.min(-delta, countLeadingWhitespace(line));
+		return line.slice(toRemove);
+	});
+}
+
+function canConvertTabsToSpaces(oldLines: string[], actualLines: string[], spacesPerTab: number): boolean {
+	const lineCount = Math.min(oldLines.length, actualLines.length);
+	for (let i = 0; i < lineCount; i++) {
+		const oldLine = oldLines[i];
+		const actualLine = actualLines[i];
+		if (isBlankLine(oldLine) || isBlankLine(actualLine)) continue;
+		const oldIndent = getLeadingWhitespace(oldLine);
+		const actualIndent = getLeadingWhitespace(actualLine);
+		if (oldIndent.length === 0) continue;
+		if (actualIndent.length !== oldIndent.length * spacesPerTab) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// Replacement Computation
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+/** Adjust indentation of newLines to match the delta between patternLines and actualLines */
+function adjustLinesIndentation(patternLines: string[], actualLines: string[], newLines: string[]): string[] {
+	if (patternLines.length === 0 || actualLines.length === 0 || newLines.length === 0) {
+		return newLines;
+	}
+
+	// If pattern already matches actual exactly (including indentation), preserve agent's intended changes
+	if (areEqualLines(patternLines, actualLines)) {
+		return newLines;
+	}
+
+	// If the patch is purely an indentation change (same trimmed content), apply exactly as specified
+	if (areEqualTrimmedLines(patternLines, newLines)) {
+		return newLines;
+	}
+
+	// Detect indent character from actual content
+	const indentChar = getIndentChar(actualLines);
+
+	let patternTabOnly = true;
+	let actualSpaceOnly = true;
+	let patternSpaceOnly = true;
+	let actualTabOnly = true;
+	let patternMixed = false;
+	let actualMixed = false;
+
+	for (const line of patternLines) {
+		if (line.trim().length === 0) continue;
+		const ws = getLeadingWhitespace(line);
+		if (ws.includes(" ")) patternTabOnly = false;
+		if (ws.includes("\t")) patternSpaceOnly = false;
+		if (ws.includes(" ") && ws.includes("\t")) patternMixed = true;
+	}
+
+	for (const line of actualLines) {
+		if (line.trim().length === 0) continue;
+		const ws = getLeadingWhitespace(line);
+		if (ws.includes("\t")) actualSpaceOnly = false;
+		if (ws.includes(" ")) actualTabOnly = false;
+		if (ws.includes(" ") && ws.includes("\t")) actualMixed = true;
+	}
+
+	if (!patternMixed && !actualMixed && patternTabOnly && actualSpaceOnly) {
+		let ratio: number | undefined;
+		const lineCount = Math.min(patternLines.length, actualLines.length);
+		let consistent = true;
+		for (let i = 0; i < lineCount; i++) {
+			const patternLine = patternLines[i];
+			const actualLine = actualLines[i];
+			if (patternLine.trim().length === 0 || actualLine.trim().length === 0) continue;
+			const patternIndent = countLeadingWhitespace(patternLine);
+			const actualIndent = countLeadingWhitespace(actualLine);
+			if (patternIndent === 0) continue;
+			if (actualIndent % patternIndent !== 0) {
+				consistent = false;
+				break;
+			}
+			const nextRatio = actualIndent / patternIndent;
+			if (!ratio) {
+				ratio = nextRatio;
+			} else if (ratio !== nextRatio) {
+				consistent = false;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (consistent && ratio && canConvertTabsToSpaces(patternLines, actualLines, ratio)) {
+			return convertLeadingTabsToSpaces(newLines.join("\n"), ratio).split("\n");
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Reverse: pattern uses spaces, actual uses tabs — infer spaces = tabs * width + offset
+	// Collect (tabs, spaces) pairs from matched lines to solve for the model's tab rendering.
+	// With one data point: spaces = tabs * width (offset=0).
+	// With two+: solve ax + b via pairs with distinct tab counts.
+	if (!patternMixed && !actualMixed && patternSpaceOnly && actualTabOnly) {
+		const samples = new Map<number, number>(); // tabs -> spaces
+		const lineCount = Math.min(patternLines.length, actualLines.length);
+		let consistent = true;
+		for (let i = 0; i < lineCount; i++) {
+			const patternLine = patternLines[i];
+			const actualLine = actualLines[i];
+			if (patternLine.trim().length === 0 || actualLine.trim().length === 0) continue;
+			const spaces = countLeadingWhitespace(patternLine);
+			const tabs = countLeadingWhitespace(actualLine);
+			if (tabs === 0) continue;
+			const existing = samples.get(tabs);
+			if (existing !== undefined && existing !== spaces) {
+				consistent = false;
+				break;
+			}
+			samples.set(tabs, spaces);
+		}
+
+		if (consistent && samples.size > 0) {
+			let tabWidth: number | undefined;
+			let offset = 0;
+
+			if (samples.size === 1) {
+				// One level: assume offset=0, width = spaces / tabs
+				const [[tabs, spaces]] = samples;
+				if (spaces % tabs === 0) {
+					tabWidth = spaces / tabs;
+				}
+			} else {
+				// Two+ levels: solve via any two distinct pairs
+				// spaces = tabs * width + offset  =>  width = (s2 - s1) / (t2 - t1)
+				const entries = [...samples.entries()];
+				const [t1, s1] = entries[0];
+				const [t2, s2] = entries[1];
+				if (t1 !== t2) {
+					const w = (s2 - s1) / (t2 - t1);
+					if (w > 0 && Number.isInteger(w)) {
+						const b = s1 - t1 * w;
+						// Validate all samples against this model
+						let valid = true;
+						for (const [t, s] of samples) {
+							if (t * w + b !== s) {
+								valid = false;
+								break;
+							}
+						}
+						if (valid) {
+							tabWidth = w;
+							offset = b;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (tabWidth !== undefined && tabWidth > 0) {
+				const converted = newLines.map(line => {
+					if (line.trim().length === 0) return line;
+					const ws = countLeadingWhitespace(line);
+					if (ws === 0) return line;
+					// Reverse: tabs = (spaces - offset) / width
+					const adjusted = ws - offset;
+					if (adjusted >= 0 && adjusted % tabWidth! === 0) {
+						return "\t".repeat(adjusted / tabWidth!) + line.slice(ws);
+					}
+					// Partial tab — keep remainder as spaces
+					const tabCount = Math.floor(adjusted / tabWidth!);
+					const remainder = adjusted - tabCount * tabWidth!;
+					if (tabCount >= 0) {
+						return "\t".repeat(tabCount) + " ".repeat(remainder) + line.slice(ws);
+					}
+					return line;
+				});
+				return converted;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Build a map from trimmed content to actual lines (by content, not position)
+	// This handles fuzzy matches where pattern and actual may not be positionally aligned
+	const contentToActualLines = new Map<string, string[]>();
+	for (const line of actualLines) {
+		const trimmed = line.trim();
+		if (trimmed.length === 0) continue;
+		const arr = contentToActualLines.get(trimmed);
+		if (arr) {
+			arr.push(line);
+		} else {
+			contentToActualLines.set(trimmed, [line]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	let patternMin = Infinity;
+	for (const line of patternLines) {
+		if (line.trim().length === 0) continue;
+		patternMin = Math.min(patternMin, countLeadingWhitespace(line));
+	}
+	if (patternMin === Infinity) {
+		patternMin = 0;
+	}
+
+	const deltas = collectIndentDeltas(patternLines, actualLines);
+	const delta = deltas.length > 0 && deltas.every(value => value === deltas[0]) ? deltas[0] : undefined;
+
+	// Track which actual lines we've used to handle duplicate content correctly
+	const usedActualLines = new Map<string, number>(); // trimmed content -> count used
+
+	return newLines.map(newLine => {
+		if (newLine.trim().length === 0) {
+			return newLine;
+		}
+
+		const trimmed = newLine.trim();
+		const matchingActualLines = contentToActualLines.get(trimmed);
+
+		// Check if this is a context line (same trimmed content exists in actual)
+		if (matchingActualLines && matchingActualLines.length > 0) {
+			if (matchingActualLines.length === 1) {
+				return matchingActualLines[0];
+			}
+			if (matchingActualLines.includes(newLine)) {
+				return newLine;
+			}
+			const usedCount = usedActualLines.get(trimmed) ?? 0;
+			if (usedCount < matchingActualLines.length) {
+				usedActualLines.set(trimmed, usedCount + 1);
+				// Use actual file content directly for context lines
+				return matchingActualLines[usedCount];
+			}
+		}
+
+		// This is a new/added line - apply consistent delta if safe
+		if (delta && delta !== 0) {
+			const newIndent = countLeadingWhitespace(newLine);
+			if (newIndent === patternMin) {
+				return applyIndentDelta([newLine], delta, indentChar)[0];
+			}
+		}
+		return newLine;
+	});
+}
+
+function trimCommonContext(oldLines: string[], newLines: string[]): HunkVariant | undefined {
+	let start = 0;
+	let endOld = oldLines.length;
+	let endNew = newLines.length;
+
+	while (start < endOld && start < endNew && oldLines[start] === newLines[start]) {
+		start++;
+	}
+
+	while (endOld > start && endNew > start && oldLines[endOld - 1] === newLines[endNew - 1]) {
+		endOld--;
+		endNew--;
+	}
+
+	if (start === 0 && endOld === oldLines.length && endNew === newLines.length) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+
+	const trimmedOld = oldLines.slice(start, endOld);
+	const trimmedNew = newLines.slice(start, endNew);
+	if (trimmedOld.length === 0 && trimmedNew.length === 0) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+	return { oldLines: trimmedOld, newLines: trimmedNew, kind: "trim-common" };
+}
+
+function collapseConsecutiveSharedLines(oldLines: string[], newLines: string[]): HunkVariant | undefined {
+	const shared = new Set(oldLines.filter(line => newLines.includes(line)));
+	const collapse = (lines: string[]): string[] => {
+		const out: string[] = [];
+		let i = 0;
+		while (i < lines.length) {
+			const line = lines[i];
+			out.push(line);
+			let j = i + 1;
+			while (j < lines.length && lines[j] === line && shared.has(line)) {
+				j++;
+			}
+			i = j;
+		}
+		return out;
+	};
+
+	const collapsedOld = collapse(oldLines);
+	const collapsedNew = collapse(newLines);
+	if (collapsedOld.length === oldLines.length && collapsedNew.length === newLines.length) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+	return { oldLines: collapsedOld, newLines: collapsedNew, kind: "dedupe-shared" };
+}
+
+function collapseRepeatedBlocks(oldLines: string[], newLines: string[]): HunkVariant | undefined {
+	const shared = new Set(oldLines.filter(line => newLines.includes(line)));
+	const collapse = (lines: string[]): string[] => {
+		const output = [...lines];
+		let changed = false;
+		let i = 0;
+		while (i < output.length) {
+			let collapsed = false;
+			for (let size = Math.floor((output.length - i) / 2); size >= 2; size--) {
+				const first = output.slice(i, i + size);
+				const second = output.slice(i + size, i + size * 2);
+				if (first.length !== second.length || first.length === 0) continue;
+				if (!first.every(line => shared.has(line))) continue;
+				let same = true;
+				for (let idx = 0; idx < size; idx++) {
+					if (first[idx] !== second[idx]) {
+						same = false;
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				if (same) {
+					output.splice(i + size, size);
+					changed = true;
+					collapsed = true;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (!collapsed) {
+				i++;
+			}
+		}
+		return changed ? output : lines;
+	};
+
+	const collapsedOld = collapse(oldLines);
+	const collapsedNew = collapse(newLines);
+	if (collapsedOld.length === oldLines.length && collapsedNew.length === newLines.length) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+	return { oldLines: collapsedOld, newLines: collapsedNew, kind: "collapse-repeated" };
+}
+
+function reduceToSingleLineChange(oldLines: string[], newLines: string[]): HunkVariant | undefined {
+	if (oldLines.length !== newLines.length || oldLines.length === 0) return undefined;
+	let changedIndex: number | undefined;
+	for (let i = 0; i < oldLines.length; i++) {
+		if (oldLines[i] !== newLines[i]) {
+			if (changedIndex !== undefined) return undefined;
+			changedIndex = i;
+		}
+	}
+	if (changedIndex === undefined) return undefined;
+	return { oldLines: [oldLines[changedIndex]], newLines: [newLines[changedIndex]], kind: "single-line" };
+}
+
+function buildFallbackVariants(hunk: DiffHunk): HunkVariant[] {
+	const variants: HunkVariant[] = [];
+	const base: HunkVariant = { oldLines: hunk.oldLines, newLines: hunk.newLines, kind: "trim-common" };
+
+	const trimmed = trimCommonContext(base.oldLines, base.newLines);
+	if (trimmed) variants.push(trimmed);
+
+	const deduped = collapseConsecutiveSharedLines(
+		trimmed?.oldLines ?? base.oldLines,
+		trimmed?.newLines ?? base.newLines,
+	);
+	if (deduped) variants.push(deduped);
+
+	const collapsed = collapseRepeatedBlocks(
+		deduped?.oldLines ?? trimmed?.oldLines ?? base.oldLines,
+		deduped?.newLines ?? trimmed?.newLines ?? base.newLines,
+	);
+	if (collapsed) variants.push(collapsed);
+
+	const singleLine = reduceToSingleLineChange(trimmed?.oldLines ?? base.oldLines, trimmed?.newLines ?? base.newLines);
+	if (singleLine) variants.push(singleLine);
+
+	const seen = new Set<string>();
+	return variants.filter(variant => {
+		if (variant.oldLines.length === 0 && variant.newLines.length === 0) return false;
+		const key = `${variant.oldLines.join("\n")}||${variant.newLines.join("\n")}`;
+		if (seen.has(key)) return false;
+		seen.add(key);
+		return true;
+	});
+}
+
+function filterFallbackVariants(variants: HunkVariant[], allowAggressive: boolean): HunkVariant[] {
+	if (allowAggressive) return variants;
+	return variants.filter(variant => variant.kind !== "collapse-repeated" && variant.kind !== "single-line");
+}
+
+function findContextRelativeMatch(
+	lines: string[],
+	patternLine: string,
+	contextIndex: number,
+	preferSecondForwardMatch: boolean,
+): number | undefined {
+	const trimmed = patternLine.trim();
+	const forwardMatches: number[] = [];
+	for (let i = contextIndex + 1; i < lines.length; i++) {
+		if (lines[i].trim() === trimmed) {
+			forwardMatches.push(i);
+		}
+	}
+	if (forwardMatches.length > 0) {
+		if (preferSecondForwardMatch && forwardMatches.length > 1) {
+			return forwardMatches[1];
+		}
+		return forwardMatches[0];
+	}
+	for (let i = contextIndex - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		if (lines[i].trim() === trimmed) {
+			return i;
+		}
+	}
+	return undefined;
+}
+
+const AMBIGUITY_HINT_WINDOW = 200;
+const MATCH_PREVIEW_CONTEXT = 2;
+const MATCH_PREVIEW_MAX_LEN = 80;
+
+function formatSequenceMatchPreview(lines: string[], startIdx: number): string {
+	const start = Math.max(0, startIdx - MATCH_PREVIEW_CONTEXT);
+	const end = Math.min(lines.length, startIdx + MATCH_PREVIEW_CONTEXT + 1);
+	const previewLines = lines.slice(start, end);
+	return previewLines
+		.map((line, i) => {
+			const num = start + i + 1;
+			const truncated = line.length > MATCH_PREVIEW_MAX_LEN ? `${line.slice(0, MATCH_PREVIEW_MAX_LEN - 1)}…` : line;
+			return `  ${num} | ${truncated}`;
+		})
+		.join("\n");
+}
+
+function formatSequenceMatchPreviews(
+	lines: string[],
+	matchIndices: number[] | undefined,
+	matchCount: number | undefined,
+): string | undefined {
+	if (!matchIndices || matchIndices.length === 0) return undefined;
+	const previews = matchIndices.map(index => formatSequenceMatchPreview(lines, index));
+	const moreMsg =
+		matchCount && matchCount > matchIndices.length ? ` (showing first ${matchIndices.length} of ${matchCount})` : "";
+	return `${previews.join("\n\n")}${moreMsg}`;
+}
+
+function chooseHintedMatch(
+	matchIndices: number[] | undefined,
+	hintIndex: number | undefined,
+	window: number,
+): number | undefined {
+	if (!matchIndices || matchIndices.length === 0 || hintIndex === undefined) return undefined;
+	const candidates = matchIndices.filter(index => Math.abs(index - hintIndex) <= window);
+	if (candidates.length === 1) return candidates[0];
+	return undefined;
+}
+
+/** Get hint index from hunk's line number */
+function getHunkHintIndex(hunk: DiffHunk, currentIndex: number): number | undefined {
+	if (hunk.oldStartLine === undefined) return undefined;
+	const hintIndex = Math.max(0, hunk.oldStartLine - 1);
+	return hintIndex >= currentIndex ? hintIndex : undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find hierarchical context in file lines.
+ *
+ * Handles three formats:
+ * 1. Simple context: "function foo" - find this line
+ * 2. Hierarchical (newline): "class Foo\nmethod" - find class, then method after it
+ * 3. Hierarchical (space): "class Foo method" - try as literal first, then split and search
+ *
+ * @returns The result from finding the final (innermost) context, or undefined if not found
+ */
+function findHierarchicalContext(
+	lines: string[],
+	context: string,
+	startFrom: number,
+	lineHint: number | undefined,
+	allowFuzzy: boolean,
+): ContextLineResult {
+	// Check for newline-separated hierarchical contexts (from nested @@ anchors)
+	if (context.includes("\n")) {
+		const parts = context
+			.split("\n")
+			.map(p => p.trim())
+			.filter(p => p.length > 0);
+		let currentStart = startFrom;
+
+		for (let i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
+			const part = parts[i];
+			const isLast = i === parts.length - 1;
+
+			const result = findContextLine(lines, part, currentStart, { allowFuzzy });
+
+			if (result.matchCount !== undefined && result.matchCount > 1) {
+				if (isLast && lineHint !== undefined) {
+					const hintStart = Math.max(0, lineHint - 1);
+					if (hintStart >= currentStart) {
+						const hintedResult = findContextLine(lines, part, hintStart, { allowFuzzy });
+						if (hintedResult.index !== undefined) {
+							return { ...hintedResult, matchCount: 1, matchIndices: [hintedResult.index] };
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				return {
+					index: undefined,
+					confidence: result.confidence,
+					matchCount: result.matchCount,
+					matchIndices: result.matchIndices,
+					strategy: result.strategy,
+				};
+			}
+
+			if (result.index === undefined) {
+				if (isLast && lineHint !== undefined) {
+					const hintStart = Math.max(0, lineHint - 1);
+					if (hintStart >= currentStart) {
+						const hintedResult = findContextLine(lines, part, hintStart, { allowFuzzy });
+						if (hintedResult.index !== undefined) {
+							return { ...hintedResult, matchCount: 1, matchIndices: [hintedResult.index] };
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				return { index: undefined, confidence: result.confidence };
+			}
+
+			if (isLast) {
+				return result;
+			}
+			currentStart = result.index + 1;
+		}
+		return { index: undefined, confidence: 0 };
+	}
+
+	// Try literal context first
+	const spaceParts = context.split(/\s+/).filter(p => p.length > 0);
+	const hasSignatureChars = /[(){}[\]]/.test(context);
+	if (!hasSignatureChars && spaceParts.length > 2) {
+		const outer = spaceParts.slice(0, -1).join(" ");
+		const inner = spaceParts[spaceParts.length - 1];
+		const outerResult = findContextLine(lines, outer, startFrom, { allowFuzzy });
+		if (outerResult.matchCount !== undefined && outerResult.matchCount > 1) {
+			return {
+				index: undefined,
+				confidence: outerResult.confidence,
+				matchCount: outerResult.matchCount,
+				matchIndices: outerResult.matchIndices,
+				strategy: outerResult.strategy,
+			};
+		}
+		if (outerResult.index !== undefined) {
+			const innerResult = findContextLine(lines, inner, outerResult.index + 1, { allowFuzzy });
+			if (innerResult.index !== undefined) {
+				return innerResult.matchCount && innerResult.matchCount > 1
+					? { ...innerResult, matchCount: 1, matchIndices: [innerResult.index] }
+					: innerResult;
+			}
+			if (innerResult.matchCount !== undefined && innerResult.matchCount > 1) {
+				return {
+					...innerResult,
+					matchCount: 1,
+					matchIndices: innerResult.index !== undefined ? [innerResult.index] : innerResult.matchIndices,
+				};
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	const result = findContextLine(lines, context, startFrom, { allowFuzzy });
+
+	// If line hint exists and result is ambiguous or missing, try from hint
+	if ((result.index === undefined || (result.matchCount ?? 0) > 1) && lineHint !== undefined) {
+		const hintStart = Math.max(0, lineHint - 1);
+		const hintedResult = findContextLine(lines, context, hintStart, { allowFuzzy });
+		if (hintedResult.index !== undefined) {
+			return { ...hintedResult, matchCount: 1, matchIndices: [hintedResult.index] };
+		}
+	}
+
+	// If found uniquely, return it
+	if (result.index !== undefined && (result.matchCount ?? 0) <= 1) {
+		return result;
+	}
+	if (result.matchCount !== undefined && result.matchCount > 1) {
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	// Try from beginning if not found from current position
+	if (result.index === undefined && startFrom !== 0) {
+		const fromStartResult = findContextLine(lines, context, 0, { allowFuzzy });
+		if (fromStartResult.index !== undefined && (fromStartResult.matchCount ?? 0) <= 1) {
+			return fromStartResult;
+		}
+		if (fromStartResult.matchCount !== undefined && fromStartResult.matchCount > 1) {
+			return fromStartResult;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Fallback: try space-separated hierarchical matching
+	// e.g., "class PatchTool constructor" -> find "class PatchTool", then "constructor" after it
+	if (!hasSignatureChars && spaceParts.length > 1) {
+		const outer = spaceParts.slice(0, -1).join(" ");
+		const inner = spaceParts[spaceParts.length - 1];
+		const outerResult = findContextLine(lines, outer, startFrom, { allowFuzzy });
+
+		if (outerResult.matchCount !== undefined && outerResult.matchCount > 1) {
+			return {
+				index: undefined,
+				confidence: outerResult.confidence,
+				matchCount: outerResult.matchCount,
+				matchIndices: outerResult.matchIndices,
+				strategy: outerResult.strategy,
+			};
+		}
+
+		if (outerResult.index === undefined) {
+			return { index: undefined, confidence: outerResult.confidence };
+		}
+
+		const innerResult = findContextLine(lines, inner, outerResult.index + 1, { allowFuzzy });
+		if (innerResult.index !== undefined) {
+			return innerResult.matchCount && innerResult.matchCount > 1
+				? { ...innerResult, matchCount: 1, matchIndices: [innerResult.index] }
+				: innerResult;
+		}
+		if (innerResult.matchCount !== undefined && innerResult.matchCount > 1) {
+			return {
+				...innerResult,
+				matchCount: 1,
+				matchIndices: innerResult.index !== undefined ? [innerResult.index] : innerResult.matchIndices,
+			};
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+/** Find sequence with optional hint position, returning full search result */
+function findSequenceWithHint(
+	lines: string[],
+	pattern: string[],
+	currentIndex: number,
+	hintIndex: number | undefined,
+	eof: boolean,
+	allowFuzzy: boolean,
+): SequenceSearchResult {
+	// Prefer content-based search starting from currentIndex
+	const primaryResult = seekSequence(lines, pattern, currentIndex, eof, { allowFuzzy });
+	if (
+		primaryResult.matchCount &&
+		primaryResult.matchCount > 1 &&
+		hintIndex !== undefined &&
+		hintIndex !== currentIndex
+	) {
+		const hintedResult = seekSequence(lines, pattern, hintIndex, eof, { allowFuzzy });
+		if (hintedResult.index !== undefined && (hintedResult.matchCount ?? 1) <= 1) {
+			return hintedResult;
+		}
+		if (hintedResult.matchCount && hintedResult.matchCount > 1) {
+			return hintedResult;
+		}
+	}
+	if (primaryResult.index !== undefined || (primaryResult.matchCount && primaryResult.matchCount > 1)) {
+		return primaryResult;
+	}
+
+	// Use line hint as a secondary bias only if needed
+	if (hintIndex !== undefined && hintIndex !== currentIndex) {
+		const hintedResult = seekSequence(lines, pattern, hintIndex, eof, { allowFuzzy });
+		if (hintedResult.index !== undefined || (hintedResult.matchCount && hintedResult.matchCount > 1)) {
+			return hintedResult;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Last resort: search from beginning (handles out-of-order hunks)
+	if (currentIndex !== 0) {
+		const fromStartResult = seekSequence(lines, pattern, 0, eof, { allowFuzzy });
+		if (fromStartResult.index !== undefined || (fromStartResult.matchCount && fromStartResult.matchCount > 1)) {
+			return fromStartResult;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return primaryResult;
+}
+
+function attemptSequenceFallback(
+	lines: string[],
+	hunk: DiffHunk,
+	currentIndex: number,
+	lineHint: number | undefined,
+	allowFuzzy: boolean,
+	allowAggressiveFallbacks: boolean,
+): number | undefined {
+	if (hunk.oldLines.length === 0) return undefined;
+	const matchHint = getHunkHintIndex(hunk, currentIndex);
+	const fallbackResult = findSequenceWithHint(
+		lines,
+		hunk.oldLines,
+		currentIndex,
+		matchHint ?? lineHint,
+		false,
+		allowFuzzy,
+	);
+	if (fallbackResult.index !== undefined && (fallbackResult.matchCount ?? 1) <= 1) {
+		const nextIndex = fallbackResult.index + 1;
+		if (nextIndex <= lines.length - hunk.oldLines.length) {
+			const secondMatch = seekSequence(lines, hunk.oldLines, nextIndex, false, { allowFuzzy });
+			if (secondMatch.index !== undefined) {
+				return undefined;
+			}
+		}
+		return fallbackResult.index;
+	}
+
+	for (const variant of filterFallbackVariants(buildFallbackVariants(hunk), allowAggressiveFallbacks)) {
+		if (variant.oldLines.length === 0) continue;
+		const variantResult = findSequenceWithHint(
+			lines,
+			variant.oldLines,
+			currentIndex,
+			matchHint ?? lineHint,
+			false,
+			allowFuzzy,
+		);
+		if (variantResult.index !== undefined && (variantResult.matchCount ?? 1) <= 1) {
+			return variantResult.index;
+		}
+	}
+	return undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Apply a hunk using character-based fuzzy matching.
+ * Used when the hunk contains only -/+ lines without context.
+ */
+function applyCharacterMatch(
+	originalContent: string,
+	path: string,
+	hunk: DiffHunk,
+	fuzzyThreshold: number,
+	allowFuzzy: boolean,
+): { content: string; warnings: string[] } {
+	const oldText = hunk.oldLines.join("\n");
+	const newText = hunk.newLines.join("\n");
+
+	const normalizedContent = normalizeToLF(originalContent);
+	const normalizedOldText = normalizeToLF(oldText);
+
+	let matchOutcome = findMatch(normalizedContent, normalizedOldText, {
+		allowFuzzy,
+		threshold: fuzzyThreshold,
+	});
+	if (!matchOutcome.match && allowFuzzy) {
+		const relaxedThreshold = Math.min(fuzzyThreshold, 0.92);
+		if (relaxedThreshold < fuzzyThreshold) {
+			const relaxedOutcome = findMatch(normalizedContent, normalizedOldText, {
+				allowFuzzy,
+				threshold: relaxedThreshold,
+			});
+			if (relaxedOutcome.match) {
+				matchOutcome = relaxedOutcome;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check for multiple exact occurrences
+	if (matchOutcome.occurrences && matchOutcome.occurrences > 1) {
+		const previews = matchOutcome.occurrencePreviews?.join("\n\n") ?? "";
+		const moreMsg = matchOutcome.occurrences > 5 ? ` (showing first 5 of ${matchOutcome.occurrences})` : "";
+		throw new ApplyPatchError(
+			`Found ${matchOutcome.occurrences} occurrences in ${path}${moreMsg}:\n\n${previews}\n\n` +
+				`Add more context lines to disambiguate.`,
+		);
+	}
+
+	if (matchOutcome.fuzzyMatches && matchOutcome.fuzzyMatches > 1) {
+		throw new ApplyPatchError(
+			`Found ${matchOutcome.fuzzyMatches} high-confidence matches in ${path}. ` +
+				`The text must be unique. Please provide more context to make it unique.`,
+		);
+	}
+
+	if (!matchOutcome.match) {
+		const closest = matchOutcome.closest;
+		if (closest) {
+			const similarity = Math.round(closest.confidence * 100);
+			throw new ApplyPatchError(
+				`Could not find a close enough match in ${path}. ` +
+					`Closest match (${similarity}% similar) at line ${closest.startLine}.`,
+			);
+		}
+		throw new ApplyPatchError(`Failed to find expected lines in ${path}:\n${oldText}`);
+	}
+
+	// Adjust indentation to match what was actually found
+	const adjustedNewText = adjustIndentation(normalizedOldText, matchOutcome.match.actualText, newText);
+
+	const warnings: string[] = [];
+	if (matchOutcome.dominantFuzzy && matchOutcome.match) {
+		const similarity = Math.round(matchOutcome.match.confidence * 100);
+		warnings.push(
+			`Dominant fuzzy match selected in ${path} near line ${matchOutcome.match.startLine} (${similarity}% similar).`,
+		);
+	}
+
+	// Apply the replacement
+	const before = normalizedContent.substring(0, matchOutcome.match.startIndex);
+	const after = normalizedContent.substring(matchOutcome.match.startIndex + matchOutcome.match.actualText.length);
+	return { content: before + adjustedNewText + after, warnings };
+}
+
+function applyTrailingNewlinePolicy(content: string, hadFinalNewline: boolean): string {
+	if (hadFinalNewline) {
+		return content.endsWith("\n") ? content : `${content}\n`;
+	}
+	return content.replace(/\n+$/u, "");
+}
+
+async function readExistingPatchFile(fileSystem: FileSystem, absolutePath: string, path: string): Promise<string> {
+	try {
+		return await fileSystem.read(absolutePath);
+	} catch (error) {
+		if (isEnoent(error) || (error instanceof Error && error.message.startsWith("File not found:"))) {
+			throw new ApplyPatchError(`File not found: ${path}`);
+		}
+		throw error;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compute replacements needed to transform originalLines using the diff hunks.
+ */
+function computeReplacements(
+	originalLines: string[],
+	path: string,
+	hunks: DiffHunk[],
+	allowFuzzy: boolean,
+): { replacements: Replacement[]; warnings: string[] } {
+	const replacements: Replacement[] = [];
+	const warnings: string[] = [];
+	let lineIndex = 0;
+
+	for (const hunk of hunks) {
+		let contextIndex: number | undefined;
+		if (hunk.oldStartLine !== undefined && hunk.oldStartLine < 1) {
+			throw new ApplyPatchError(
+				`Line hint ${hunk.oldStartLine} is out of range for ${path} (line numbers start at 1)`,
+			);
+		}
+		if (hunk.newStartLine !== undefined && hunk.newStartLine < 1) {
+			throw new ApplyPatchError(
+				`Line hint ${hunk.newStartLine} is out of range for ${path} (line numbers start at 1)`,
+			);
+		}
+		const lineHint = hunk.oldStartLine;
+		const allowAggressiveFallbacks = hunk.changeContext !== undefined || lineHint !== undefined || hunk.isEndOfFile;
+		const fallbackVariants = filterFallbackVariants(buildFallbackVariants(hunk), allowAggressiveFallbacks);
+		if (lineHint !== undefined && hunk.changeContext === undefined && !hunk.hasContextLines) {
+			lineIndex = Math.max(0, Math.min(lineHint - 1, originalLines.length - 1));
+		}
+
+		// If hunk has a changeContext, find it and adjust lineIndex
+		if (hunk.changeContext !== undefined) {
+			// Use hierarchical context matching for nested @@ anchors and space-separated contexts
+			const result = findHierarchicalContext(originalLines, hunk.changeContext, lineIndex, lineHint, allowFuzzy);
+			const idx = result.index;
+			contextIndex = idx;
+
+			if (idx === undefined || (result.matchCount !== undefined && result.matchCount > 1)) {
+				const fallback = attemptSequenceFallback(
+					originalLines,
+					hunk,
+					lineIndex,
+					lineHint,
+					allowFuzzy,
+					allowAggressiveFallbacks,
+				);
+				if (fallback !== undefined) {
+					lineIndex = fallback;
+				} else if (result.matchCount !== undefined && result.matchCount > 1) {
+					const displayContext = hunk.changeContext.includes("\n")
+						? hunk.changeContext.split("\n").pop()
+						: hunk.changeContext;
+					const previews = formatSequenceMatchPreviews(originalLines, result.matchIndices, result.matchCount);
+					const strategyHint = result.strategy ? ` Matching strategy: ${result.strategy}.` : "";
+					const previewText = previews ? `\n\n${previews}` : "";
+					throw new ApplyPatchError(
+						`Found ${result.matchCount} matches for context '${displayContext}' in ${path}.${strategyHint}` +
+							`${previewText}\n\nAdd more surrounding context or additional @@ anchors to make it unique.`,
+					);
+				} else {
+					const displayContext = hunk.changeContext.includes("\n")
+						? hunk.changeContext.split("\n").join(" > ")
+						: hunk.changeContext;
+					throw new ApplyPatchError(`Failed to find context '${displayContext}' in ${path}`);
+				}
+			} else {
+				// If oldLines[0] matches the final context, start search at idx (not idx+1)
+				// This handles the common case where @@ scope and first context line are identical
+				const firstOldLine = hunk.oldLines[0];
+				const finalContext = hunk.changeContext.includes("\n")
+					? hunk.changeContext.split("\n").pop()?.trim()
+					: hunk.changeContext.trim();
+				const isHierarchicalContext =
+					hunk.changeContext.includes("\n") || hunk.changeContext.trim().split(/\s+/).length > 2;
+				if (firstOldLine !== undefined && (firstOldLine.trim() === finalContext || isHierarchicalContext)) {
+					lineIndex = idx;
+				} else {
+					lineIndex = idx + 1;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (hunk.oldLines.length === 0) {
+			// Pure addition - prefer changeContext position, then line hint, then end of file
+			let insertionIdx: number;
+			if (hunk.changeContext !== undefined) {
+				// changeContext was processed above; lineIndex is set to the context line or after it
+				insertionIdx = lineIndex;
+			} else {
+				const lineHintForInsertion = hunk.oldStartLine ?? hunk.newStartLine;
+				if (lineHintForInsertion !== undefined) {
+					// Reject if line hint is out of range for insertion
+					// Valid insertion points are 1 to (file length + 1) for 1-indexed hints
+					if (lineHintForInsertion < 1) {
+						throw new ApplyPatchError(
+							`Line hint ${lineHintForInsertion} is out of range for insertion in ${path} ` +
+								`(line numbers start at 1)`,
+						);
+					}
+					if (lineHintForInsertion > originalLines.length + 1) {
+						throw new ApplyPatchError(
+							`Line hint ${lineHintForInsertion} is out of range for insertion in ${path} ` +
+								`(file has ${originalLines.length} lines)`,
+						);
+					}
+					insertionIdx = Math.max(0, lineHintForInsertion - 1);
+				} else {
+					insertionIdx =
+						originalLines.length > 0 && originalLines[originalLines.length - 1] === ""
+							? originalLines.length - 1
+							: originalLines.length;
+				}
+			}
+
+			replacements.push({ startIndex: insertionIdx, oldLen: 0, newLines: [...hunk.newLines] });
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// Try to find the old lines in the file
+		let pattern = [...hunk.oldLines];
+		const matchHint = getHunkHintIndex(hunk, lineIndex);
+		let searchResult = findSequenceWithHint(
+			originalLines,
+			pattern,
+			lineIndex,
+			matchHint,
+			hunk.isEndOfFile,
+			allowFuzzy,
+		);
+		let newSlice = [...hunk.newLines];
+
+		// Retry without trailing empty line if present
+		if (searchResult.index === undefined && pattern.length > 0 && pattern[pattern.length - 1] === "") {
+			pattern = pattern.slice(0, -1);
+			if (newSlice.length > 0 && newSlice[newSlice.length - 1] === "") {
+				newSlice = newSlice.slice(0, -1);
+			}
+			searchResult = findSequenceWithHint(
+				originalLines,
+				pattern,
+				lineIndex,
+				matchHint,
+				hunk.isEndOfFile,
+				allowFuzzy,
+			);
+		}
+
+		if (searchResult.index === undefined || (searchResult.matchCount ?? 0) > 1) {
+			for (const variant of fallbackVariants) {
+				if (variant.oldLines.length === 0) continue;
+				const variantResult = findSequenceWithHint(
+					originalLines,
+					variant.oldLines,
+					lineIndex,
+					matchHint,
+					hunk.isEndOfFile,
+					allowFuzzy,
+				);
+				if (variantResult.index !== undefined && (variantResult.matchCount ?? 1) <= 1) {
+					pattern = variant.oldLines;
+					newSlice = variant.newLines;
+					searchResult = variantResult;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (searchResult.index === undefined && contextIndex !== undefined) {
+			for (const variant of fallbackVariants) {
+				if (variant.oldLines.length !== 1 || variant.newLines.length !== 1) continue;
+				const removedLine = variant.oldLines[0];
+				const hasSharedDuplicate = hunk.newLines.some(line => line.trim() === removedLine.trim());
+				const adjacentIndex = findContextRelativeMatch(
+					originalLines,
+					removedLine,
+					contextIndex,
+					hasSharedDuplicate,
+				);
+				if (adjacentIndex !== undefined) {
+					pattern = variant.oldLines;
+					newSlice = variant.newLines;
+					searchResult = { index: adjacentIndex, confidence: 0.95 };
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (searchResult.index !== undefined && contextIndex !== undefined && pattern.length === 1) {
+			const trimmed = pattern[0].trim();
+			let occurrenceCount = 0;
+			for (const line of originalLines) {
+				if (line.trim() === trimmed) occurrenceCount++;
+			}
+			if (occurrenceCount > 1) {
+				const hasSharedDuplicate = hunk.newLines.some(line => line.trim() === trimmed);
+				const contextMatch = findContextRelativeMatch(originalLines, pattern[0], contextIndex, hasSharedDuplicate);
+				if (contextMatch !== undefined) {
+					searchResult = { index: contextMatch, confidence: searchResult.confidence ?? 0.95 };
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if ((searchResult.matchCount ?? 0) > 1) {
+			const hintIndex = matchHint ?? (lineHint ? lineHint - 1 : undefined);
+			const hinted = chooseHintedMatch(searchResult.matchIndices, hintIndex, AMBIGUITY_HINT_WINDOW);
+			if (hinted !== undefined) {
+				searchResult = { ...searchResult, index: hinted, matchCount: 1 };
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (searchResult.index === undefined) {
+			if (searchResult.matchCount !== undefined && searchResult.matchCount > 1) {
+				const previews = formatSequenceMatchPreviews(
+					originalLines,
+					searchResult.matchIndices,
+					searchResult.matchCount,
+				);
+				const strategyHint = searchResult.strategy ? ` Matching strategy: ${searchResult.strategy}.` : "";
+				const previewText = previews ? `\n\n${previews}` : "";
+				throw new ApplyPatchError(
+					`Found ${searchResult.matchCount} matches for the text in ${path}.${strategyHint}` +
+						`${previewText}\n\nAdd more surrounding context or additional @@ anchors to make it unique.`,
+				);
+			}
+			const closest = findClosestSequenceMatch(originalLines, pattern, {
+				start: lineIndex,
+				eof: hunk.isEndOfFile,
+			});
+			if (closest.index !== undefined && closest.confidence > 0) {
+				const similarity = Math.round(closest.confidence * 100);
+				const preview = formatSequenceMatchPreview(originalLines, closest.index);
+				throw new ApplyPatchError(
+					`Failed to find expected lines in ${path}:\n${hunk.oldLines.join("\n")}\n\n` +
+						`Closest match (${similarity}% similar) near line ${closest.index + 1}:\n${preview}`,
+				);
+			}
+			throw new ApplyPatchError(`Failed to find expected lines in ${path}:\n${hunk.oldLines.join("\n")}`);
+		}
+
+		const found = searchResult.index;
+
+		if (searchResult.strategy === "fuzzy-dominant") {
+			const similarity = Math.round(searchResult.confidence * 100);
+			warnings.push(`Dominant fuzzy match selected in ${path} near line ${found + 1} (${similarity}% similar).`);
+		}
+
+		// Reject if match is ambiguous (prefix/substring matching found multiple matches)
+		if (searchResult.matchCount !== undefined && searchResult.matchCount > 1) {
+			const previews = formatSequenceMatchPreviews(
+				originalLines,
+				searchResult.matchIndices,
+				searchResult.matchCount,
+			);
+			const strategyHint = searchResult.strategy ? ` Matching strategy: ${searchResult.strategy}.` : "";
+			const previewText = previews ? `\n\n${previews}` : "";
+			throw new ApplyPatchError(
+				`Found ${searchResult.matchCount} matches for the text in ${path}.${strategyHint}` +
+					`${previewText}\n\nAdd more surrounding context or additional @@ anchors to make it unique.`,
+			);
+		}
+
+		// For simple diffs (no context marker, no context lines), check for multiple occurrences
+		// This ensures ambiguous replacements are rejected
+		// Skip this check if isEndOfFile is set (EOF marker provides disambiguation)
+		if (hunk.changeContext === undefined && !hunk.hasContextLines && !hunk.isEndOfFile && lineHint === undefined) {
+			const secondMatch = seekSequence(originalLines, pattern, found + 1, false, { allowFuzzy });
+			if (secondMatch.index !== undefined) {
+				const preview1 = formatSequenceMatchPreview(originalLines, found);
+				const preview2 = formatSequenceMatchPreview(originalLines, secondMatch.index);
+				throw new ApplyPatchError(
+					`Found 2 occurrences in ${path}:\n\n${preview1}\n\n${preview2}\n\n` +
+						`Add more context lines to disambiguate.`,
+				);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Adjust indentation if needed (handles fuzzy matches where indentation differs)
+		const actualMatchedLines = originalLines.slice(found, found + pattern.length);
+
+		// Skip pure-context hunks (no +/- lines — oldLines === newLines).
+		// They serve only to advance lineIndex for subsequent hunks.
+		let isNoOp = pattern.length === newSlice.length;
+		if (isNoOp) {
+			for (let i = 0; i < pattern.length; i++) {
+				if (pattern[i] !== newSlice[i]) {
+					isNoOp = false;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (isNoOp) {
+			lineIndex = found + pattern.length;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		const adjustedNewLines = adjustLinesIndentation(pattern, actualMatchedLines, newSlice);
+		replacements.push({ startIndex: found, oldLen: pattern.length, newLines: adjustedNewLines });
+		lineIndex = found + pattern.length;
+	}
+
+	// Sort by start index
+	replacements.sort((a, b) => a.startIndex - b.startIndex);
+
+	for (let i = 1; i < replacements.length; i++) {
+		const prev = replacements[i - 1];
+		const next = replacements[i];
+		const prevEnd = prev.startIndex + prev.oldLen;
+		if (next.startIndex < prevEnd) {
+			const formatRange = (replacement: Replacement): string => {
+				if (replacement.oldLen === 0) {
+					return `${replacement.startIndex + 1} (insertion)`;
+				}
+				return `${replacement.startIndex + 1}-${replacement.startIndex + replacement.oldLen}`;
+			};
+			const prevRange = formatRange(prev);
+			const nextRange = formatRange(next);
+			throw new ApplyPatchError(
+				`Overlapping hunks detected in ${path} at lines ${prevRange} and ${nextRange}. ` +
+					`Split hunks or add more context to avoid overlap.`,
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return { replacements, warnings };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Apply replacements to lines, returning the modified content.
+ */
+function applyReplacements(lines: string[], replacements: Replacement[]): string[] {
+	const result = [...lines];
+
+	// Apply in reverse order to maintain indices
+	for (let i = replacements.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		const { startIndex, oldLen, newLines } = replacements[i];
+		result.splice(startIndex, oldLen);
+		result.splice(startIndex, 0, ...newLines);
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Apply diff hunks to file content.
+ */
+function applyHunksToContent(
+	originalContent: string,
+	path: string,
+	hunks: DiffHunk[],
+	fuzzyThreshold: number,
+	allowFuzzy: boolean,
+): { content: string; warnings: string[] } {
+	const hadFinalNewline = originalContent.endsWith("\n");
+
+	// Detect simple replace pattern: single hunk, no @@ context, no context lines, has old lines to match
+	// Only use character-based matching when there are no hints to disambiguate
+	if (hunks.length === 1) {
+		const hunk = hunks[0];
+		if (
+			hunk.changeContext === undefined &&
+			!hunk.hasContextLines &&
+			hunk.oldLines.length > 0 &&
+			hunk.oldStartLine === undefined && // No line hint to use for positioning
+			!hunk.isEndOfFile // No EOF targeting (prefer end of file)
+		) {
+			const { content, warnings } = applyCharacterMatch(originalContent, path, hunk, fuzzyThreshold, allowFuzzy);
+			return { content: applyTrailingNewlinePolicy(content, hadFinalNewline), warnings };
+		}
+	}
+
+	let originalLines = originalContent.split("\n");
+
+	// Track if we have a trailing empty element from the final newline
+	// Only strip ONE trailing empty (the newline marker), preserve actual blank lines
+	let strippedTrailingEmpty = false;
+	if (hadFinalNewline && originalLines.length > 0 && originalLines[originalLines.length - 1] === "") {
+		// Check if the second-to-last is also empty (actual blank line) - if so, only strip one
+		originalLines = originalLines.slice(0, -1);
+		strippedTrailingEmpty = true;
+	}
+
+	const { replacements, warnings } = computeReplacements(originalLines, path, hunks, allowFuzzy);
+	const newLines = applyReplacements(originalLines, replacements);
+
+	// Restore the trailing empty element if we stripped it
+	if (strippedTrailingEmpty) {
+		newLines.push("");
+	}
+
+	const content = newLines.join("\n");
+	return { content: applyTrailingNewlinePolicy(content, hadFinalNewline), warnings };
+}
+
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// Public API
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+/**
+ * Apply a patch operation to the filesystem.
+ */
+export async function applyPatch(input: PatchInput, options: ApplyPatchOptions): Promise<ApplyPatchResult> {
+	return applyNormalizedPatch(input, options);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Apply a normalized patch operation to the filesystem.
+ * @internal
+ */
+async function applyNormalizedPatch(input: PatchInput, options: ApplyPatchOptions): Promise<ApplyPatchResult> {
+	const {
+		cwd,
+		dryRun = false,
+		fs = defaultFileSystem,
+		fuzzyThreshold = DEFAULT_FUZZY_THRESHOLD,
+		allowFuzzy = true,
+	} = options;
+
+	const resolvePath = (p: string): string => resolveToCwd(p, cwd);
+	const absolutePath = resolvePath(input.path);
+	const op = input.op ?? "update";
+
+	if (input.rename) {
+		const destPath = resolvePath(input.rename);
+		if (destPath === absolutePath) {
+			throw new ApplyPatchError("rename path is the same as source path");
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Handle CREATE operation
+	if (op === "create") {
+		if (!input.diff) {
+			throw new ApplyPatchError("Create operation requires diff (file content)");
+		}
+		// Strip + prefixes if present (handles diffs formatted as additions)
+		const normalizedContent = normalizeCreateContent(input.diff);
+		const content = normalizedContent.endsWith("\n") ? normalizedContent : `${normalizedContent}\n`;
+
+		if (!dryRun) {
+			const parentDir = path.dirname(absolutePath);
+			if (parentDir && parentDir !== ".") {
+				await fs.mkdir(parentDir);
+			}
+			await fs.write(absolutePath, content);
+		}
+
+		return {
+			change: {
+				type: "create",
+				path: absolutePath,
+				newContent: content,
+			},
+		};
+	}
+
+	// Handle DELETE operation
+	if (op === "delete") {
+		const oldContent = await readExistingPatchFile(fs, absolutePath, input.path);
+		if (!dryRun) {
+			await fs.delete(absolutePath);
+		}
+
+		return {
+			change: {
+				type: "delete",
+				path: absolutePath,
+				oldContent,
+			},
+		};
+	}
+
+	// Handle UPDATE operation
+	if (!input.diff) {
+		throw new ApplyPatchError("Update operation requires diff (hunks)");
+	}
+
+	const originalContent = await readExistingPatchFile(fs, absolutePath, input.path);
+	const { bom: bomFromText, text: strippedContent } = stripBom(originalContent);
+	let bom = bomFromText;
+	if (!bom && fs.readBinary) {
+		const bytes = await fs.readBinary(absolutePath);
+		if (bytes.length >= 3 && bytes[0] === 0xef && bytes[1] === 0xbb && bytes[2] === 0xbf) {
+			bom = "\uFEFF";
+		}
+	}
+	const lineEnding = detectLineEnding(strippedContent);
+	const normalizedContent = normalizeToLF(strippedContent);
+	const hunks = parseDiffHunks(input.diff);
+
+	if (hunks.length === 0) {
+		throw new ApplyPatchError("Diff contains no hunks");
+	}
+
+	const { content: newContent, warnings } = applyHunksToContent(
+		normalizedContent,
+		input.path,
+		hunks,
+		fuzzyThreshold,
+		allowFuzzy,
+	);
+	const finalContent = bom + restoreLineEndings(newContent, lineEnding);
+	const destPath = input.rename ? resolvePath(input.rename) : absolutePath;
+	const isMove = Boolean(input.rename) && destPath !== absolutePath;
+
+	if (!dryRun) {
+		if (isMove) {
+			const parentDir = path.dirname(destPath);
+			if (parentDir && parentDir !== ".") {
+				await fs.mkdir(parentDir);
+			}
+			await fs.write(destPath, finalContent);
+			await fs.delete(absolutePath);
+		} else {
+			await fs.write(absolutePath, finalContent);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return {
+		change: {
+			type: "update",
+			path: absolutePath,
+			newPath: isMove ? destPath : undefined,
+			oldContent: originalContent,
+			newContent: finalContent,
+		},
+		warnings: warnings.length > 0 ? warnings : undefined,
+	};
+}
+
+/**
+ * Preview what changes a patch would make without applying it.
+ */
+export async function previewPatch(input: PatchInput, options: ApplyPatchOptions): Promise<ApplyPatchResult> {
+	return applyPatch(input, { ...options, dryRun: true });
+}
+
+export async function computePatchDiff(
+	input: PatchInput,
+	cwd: string,
+	options?: { fuzzyThreshold?: number; allowFuzzy?: boolean },
+): Promise<
+	| {
+			diff: string;
+			firstChangedLine: number | undefined;
+	  }
+	| {
+			error: string;
+	  }
+> {
+	try {
+		const result = await previewPatch(input, {
+			cwd,
+			fuzzyThreshold: options?.fuzzyThreshold,
+			allowFuzzy: options?.allowFuzzy,
+		});
+		const oldContent = result.change.oldContent ?? "";
+		const newContent = result.change.newContent ?? "";
+		const normalizedOld = normalizeToLF(stripBom(oldContent).text);
+		const normalizedNew = normalizeToLF(stripBom(newContent).text);
+		if (!normalizedOld && !normalizedNew) {
+			return { diff: "", firstChangedLine: undefined };
+		}
+		return generateUnifiedDiffString(normalizedOld, normalizedNew);
+	} catch (err) {
+		return { error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err) };
+	}
+}
+
+export const patchEditEntrySchema = z
+	.object({
+		op: z.enum(["create", "delete", "update"]).optional().describe("operation (default update)"),
+		rename: z.string().describe("new path for move").optional(),
+		diff: z.string().describe("diff hunks or full content for create").optional(),
+	})
+	.strict();
+
+export const patchEditSchema = z
+	.object({
+		path: z.string().describe("file path"),
+		edits: z.array(patchEditEntrySchema).min(1).describe("patch operations"),
+	})
+	.strict();
+
+export type PatchEditEntry = z.infer<typeof patchEditEntrySchema>;
+export type PatchParams = z.infer<typeof patchEditSchema>;
+
+export interface ExecutePatchSingleOptions {
+	session: ToolSession;
+	path: string;
+	params: PatchEditEntry;
+	signal?: AbortSignal;
+	batchRequest?: LspBatchRequest;
+	allowFuzzy: boolean;
+	fuzzyThreshold: number;
+	writethrough: WritethroughCallback;
+	beginDeferredDiagnosticsForPath: (path: string) => WritethroughDeferredHandle;
+}
+
+class LspFileSystem implements FileSystem {
+	#lastDiagnostics: FileDiagnosticsResult | undefined;
+	#fileCache: Record<string, Bun.BunFile> = {};
+
+	constructor(
+		private readonly writethrough: WritethroughCallback,
+		private readonly signal?: AbortSignal,
+		private readonly batchRequest?: LspBatchRequest,
+		private readonly deferredForPath?: (path: string) => WritethroughDeferredHandle,
+	) {}
+
+	#getFile(path: string): Bun.BunFile {
+		if (this.#fileCache[path]) {
+			return this.#fileCache[path];
+		}
+		const file = Bun.file(path);
+		this.#fileCache[path] = file;
+		return file;
+	}
+
+	async exists(path: string): Promise<boolean> {
+		return this.#getFile(path).exists();
+	}
+
+	async read(path: string): Promise<string> {
+		return readEditFileText(path, path);
+	}
+
+	async readBinary(path: string): Promise<Uint8Array> {
+		const bytes = await fs.promises.readFile(path);
+		return bytes;
+	}
+
+	async write(path: string, content: string): Promise<void> {
+		const file = this.#getFile(path);
+		const finalContent = await serializeEditFileText(path, path, content);
+		const deferredForPath = this.deferredForPath;
+		const result = await this.writethrough(
+			path,
+			finalContent,
+			this.signal,
+			file,
+			this.batchRequest,
+			deferredForPath ? (dst: string) => deferredForPath(dst) : undefined,
+		);
+		if (result) {
+			this.#lastDiagnostics = result;
+		}
+	}
+
+	async delete(path: string): Promise<void> {
+		await this.#getFile(path).unlink();
+	}
+
+	async mkdir(path: string): Promise<void> {
+		await fs.promises.mkdir(path, { recursive: true });
+	}
+
+	getDiagnostics(): FileDiagnosticsResult | undefined {
+		return this.#lastDiagnostics;
+	}
+}
+
+function mergeDiagnosticsWithWarnings(
+	diagnostics: FileDiagnosticsResult | undefined,
+	warnings: string[],
+): FileDiagnosticsResult | undefined {
+	if (warnings.length === 0) return diagnostics;
+	const warningMessages = warnings.map(warning => `patch: ${warning}`);
+	if (!diagnostics) {
+		return {
+			server: "patch",
+			messages: warningMessages,
+			summary: `Patch warnings: ${warnings.length}`,
+			errored: false,
+		};
+	}
+	return {
+		...diagnostics,
+		messages: [...warningMessages, ...diagnostics.messages],
+		summary: `${diagnostics.summary}; Patch warnings: ${warnings.length}`,
+	};
+}
+
+export async function executePatchSingle(
+	options: ExecutePatchSingleOptions,
+): Promise<AgentToolResult<EditToolDetails, typeof patchEditEntrySchema>> {
+	const {
+		session,
+		path,
+		params,
+		signal,
+		batchRequest,
+		allowFuzzy,
+		fuzzyThreshold,
+		writethrough,
+		beginDeferredDiagnosticsForPath,
+	} = options;
+	const { op: rawOp, rename, diff } = params;
+
+	const op: Operation = rawOp === "create" || rawOp === "delete" ? rawOp : "update";
+
+	enforcePlanModeWrite(session, path, { op, move: rename });
+	const resolvedPath = resolvePlanPath(session, path);
+	const resolvedRename = rename ? resolvePlanPath(session, rename) : undefined;
+
+	await assertEditableFile(resolvedPath, path);
+
+	// Capture pre-edit content so we can verify the write actually hit disk.
+	// `LspFileSystem.writeFile` delegates to a writethrough callback that, in
+	// some host integrations, has been observed to report success without
+	// persisting bytes — leaving the tool to claim "Updated <path>" while the
+	// file on disk is byte-identical to before. After the write we re-read
+	// the file and assert the bytes match the expected newContent; relying
+	// on stat (mtime/size) is unreliable because filesystems with coarse
+	// timestamp resolution can record an unchanged mtime even when the
+	// content was rewritten, and same-length rewrites leave size unchanged.
+	let preEditContent: Uint8Array | undefined;
+	if (op === "update") {
+		try {
+			preEditContent = await fs.promises.readFile(resolvedPath);
+		} catch (err) {
+			if (!isEnoent(err)) throw err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	const input: PatchInput = { path: resolvedPath, op, rename: resolvedRename, diff };
+	const patchFileSystem = new LspFileSystem(writethrough, signal, batchRequest, beginDeferredDiagnosticsForPath);
+	const result = await applyPatch(input, {
+		cwd: session.cwd,
+		fs: patchFileSystem,
+		fuzzyThreshold,
+		allowFuzzy,
+	});
+
+	// Post-write verification: only meaningful for in-place updates where the
+	// patch actually changes content and the file is not being renamed away.
+	if (
+		result.change.type === "update" &&
+		!result.change.newPath &&
+		preEditContent !== undefined &&
+		result.change.oldContent !== undefined &&
+		result.change.newContent !== undefined &&
+		result.change.oldContent !== result.change.newContent
+	) {
+		let postEditContent: Uint8Array | undefined;
+		try {
+			postEditContent = await fs.promises.readFile(resolvedPath);
+		} catch (err) {
+			if (!isEnoent(err)) throw err;
+		}
+		const unchanged =
+			postEditContent !== undefined &&
+			postEditContent.length === preEditContent.length &&
+			postEditContent.every((b, i) => b === preEditContent[i]);
+		if (unchanged) {
+			throw new ToolError(`edit appeared successful but file content did not change on disk: ${resolvedPath}`, {
+				path: resolvedPath,
+			});
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (resolvedRename) {
+		invalidateFsScanAfterRename(resolvedPath, resolvedRename);
+	} else if (result.change.type === "delete") {
+		invalidateFsScanAfterDelete(resolvedPath);
+	} else {
+		invalidateFsScanAfterWrite(resolvedPath);
+	}
+	const effectiveRename = result.change.newPath ? rename : undefined;
+
+	let diffResult: { diff: string; firstChangedLine: number | undefined } = {
+		diff: "",
+		firstChangedLine: undefined,
+	};
+	if (result.change.type === "update" && result.change.oldContent && result.change.newContent) {
+		const normalizedOld = normalizeToLF(stripBom(result.change.oldContent).text);
+		const normalizedNew = normalizeToLF(stripBom(result.change.newContent).text);
+		diffResult = generateUnifiedDiffString(normalizedOld, normalizedNew);
+	}
+
+	let resultText: string;
+	switch (result.change.type) {
+		case "create":
+			resultText = `Created ${path}`;
+			break;
+		case "delete":
+			resultText = `Deleted ${path}`;
+			break;
+		case "update":
+			resultText = effectiveRename ? `Updated and moved ${path} to ${effectiveRename}` : `Updated ${path}`;
+			break;
+	}
+
+	let diagnostics = patchFileSystem.getDiagnostics();
+	if (op === "delete" && batchRequest?.flush) {
+		const flushedDiagnostics = await flushLspWritethroughBatch(batchRequest.id, session.cwd, signal);
+		diagnostics ??= flushedDiagnostics;
+	}
+	const mergedDiagnostics = mergeDiagnosticsWithWarnings(diagnostics, result.warnings ?? []);
+	const meta = outputMeta()
+		.diagnostics(mergedDiagnostics?.summary ?? "", mergedDiagnostics?.messages ?? [])
+		.get();
+
+	const oldText = result.change.type !== "create" ? result.change.oldContent : undefined;
+	const newText = result.change.type !== "delete" ? result.change.newContent : undefined;
+
+	return {
+		content: [{ type: "text", text: resultText }],
+		details: {
+			diff: diffResult.diff,
+			// When the patch moves the file, anchor the diff to the destination
+			// path. ACP `ToolCallContent.diff.path` comes from this field, and
+			// clients use it to open or focus the file post-change; pointing at
+			// the (now-deleted) source navigates to nothing.
+			path: result.change.newPath ?? resolvedPath,
+			firstChangedLine: diffResult.firstChangedLine,
+			diagnostics: mergedDiagnostics,
+			op,
+			move: effectiveRename,
+			meta,
+			oldText,
+			newText,
+		},
+	};
+}