npm - @fugood/llama.node - Versions diffs - 0.3.2 → 0.3.3 - Mend

@fugood/llama.node 0.3.2 → 0.3.3

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Files changed (190) hide show

package/CMakeLists.txt +2 -0
package/bin/darwin/arm64/llama-node.node +0 -0
package/bin/darwin/x64/llama-node.node +0 -0
package/bin/linux/arm64/llama-node.node +0 -0
package/bin/linux/x64/llama-node.node +0 -0
package/bin/linux-vulkan/arm64/llama-node.node +0 -0
package/bin/linux-vulkan/x64/llama-node.node +0 -0
package/bin/win32/arm64/llama-node.node +0 -0
package/bin/win32/arm64/node.lib +0 -0
package/bin/win32/x64/llama-node.node +0 -0
package/bin/win32/x64/node.lib +0 -0
package/bin/win32-vulkan/arm64/llama-node.node +0 -0
package/bin/win32-vulkan/arm64/node.lib +0 -0
package/bin/win32-vulkan/x64/llama-node.node +0 -0
package/bin/win32-vulkan/x64/node.lib +0 -0
package/package.json +1 -1
package/src/DetokenizeWorker.cpp +1 -1
package/src/EmbeddingWorker.cpp +2 -2
package/src/LlamaCompletionWorker.cpp +8 -8
package/src/LlamaCompletionWorker.h +2 -2
package/src/LlamaContext.cpp +8 -9
package/src/TokenizeWorker.cpp +1 -1
package/src/common.hpp +4 -4
package/src/llama.cpp/.github/workflows/build.yml +43 -9
package/src/llama.cpp/.github/workflows/docker.yml +3 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/CMakeLists.txt +7 -4
package/src/llama.cpp/cmake/arm64-apple-clang.cmake +16 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/common/CMakeLists.txt +0 -2
package/src/llama.cpp/common/arg.cpp +642 -607
package/src/llama.cpp/common/arg.h +22 -22
package/src/llama.cpp/common/common.cpp +79 -281
package/src/llama.cpp/common/common.h +130 -100
package/src/llama.cpp/common/json-schema-to-grammar.cpp +1 -1
package/src/llama.cpp/common/log.cpp +50 -50
package/src/llama.cpp/common/log.h +18 -18
package/src/llama.cpp/common/ngram-cache.cpp +36 -36
package/src/llama.cpp/common/ngram-cache.h +19 -19
package/src/llama.cpp/common/sampling.cpp +116 -108
package/src/llama.cpp/common/sampling.h +20 -20
package/src/llama.cpp/docs/build.md +37 -17
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/CMakeLists.txt +1 -1
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/batched/batched.cpp +14 -14
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/batched-bench/batched-bench.cpp +10 -11
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/convert-llama2c-to-ggml/convert-llama2c-to-ggml.cpp +1 -1
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/cvector-generator/cvector-generator.cpp +9 -9
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/embedding/embedding.cpp +12 -12
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/eval-callback/eval-callback.cpp +8 -8
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/export-lora/export-lora.cpp +5 -5
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/gen-docs/gen-docs.cpp +7 -7
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/gritlm/gritlm.cpp +18 -18
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/imatrix/imatrix.cpp +20 -11
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/infill/infill.cpp +40 -86
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/llama-bench/llama-bench.cpp +42 -151
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/llama.android/llama/build.gradle.kts +1 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/llama.android/llama/src/main/cpp/llama-android.cpp +11 -14
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/llava/clip.cpp +1 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/llava/llava-cli.cpp +23 -23
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/llava/llava.cpp +37 -3
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/llava/minicpmv-cli.cpp +21 -21
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/lookahead/lookahead.cpp +26 -26
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/lookup/lookup-create.cpp +7 -7
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/lookup/lookup-merge.cpp +4 -4
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/lookup/lookup-stats.cpp +14 -14
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/lookup/lookup.cpp +29 -29
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/main/main.cpp +64 -109
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/parallel/parallel.cpp +18 -19
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/passkey/passkey.cpp +14 -14
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/perplexity/perplexity.cpp +99 -120
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/quantize-stats/quantize-stats.cpp +10 -9
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/retrieval/retrieval.cpp +13 -13
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/rpc/rpc-server.cpp +3 -1
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/save-load-state/save-load-state.cpp +34 -17
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/server/CMakeLists.txt +4 -13
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/server/server.cpp +553 -691
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/server/utils.hpp +312 -25
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/simple/CMakeLists.txt +1 -1
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/simple/simple.cpp +128 -96
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/simple-chat/CMakeLists.txt +5 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/simple-chat/simple-chat.cpp +197 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/speculative/speculative.cpp +54 -51
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/tokenize/tokenize.cpp +2 -2
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/CMakeLists.txt +15 -9
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/include/ggml-amx.h +25 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/include/ggml-backend.h +46 -33
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/include/ggml-blas.h +5 -3
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/include/ggml-cann.h +9 -7
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/include/ggml-cpp.h +38 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/include/ggml-cpu.h +177 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/include/ggml-cuda.h +12 -12
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/include/ggml-kompute.h +7 -3
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/include/ggml-metal.h +11 -7
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/include/ggml-opt.h +216 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/include/ggml-rpc.h +9 -5
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/include/ggml-sycl.h +18 -11
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/include/ggml-vulkan.h +10 -8
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/include/ggml.h +53 -393
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt +66 -1149
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-aarch64.c +46 -3126
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-aarch64.h +0 -20
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-alloc.c +23 -27
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-amx/CMakeLists.txt +107 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-amx/common.h +94 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-amx/ggml-amx.cpp +446 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-amx/mmq.cpp +2510 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-amx/mmq.h +17 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-backend-impl.h +6 -25
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-backend-reg.cpp +195 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-backend.cpp +303 -864
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-blas/CMakeLists.txt +91 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/{ggml-blas.cpp → ggml-blas/ggml-blas.cpp} +213 -65
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-cann/CMakeLists.txt +46 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/{ggml-cann.cpp → ggml-cann/ggml-cann.cpp} +255 -149
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/CMakeLists.txt +261 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-aarch64.c +3560 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-aarch64.h +30 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/{ggml-cpu-impl.h → ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-impl.h} +0 -243
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-quants.c +10822 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-quants.h +63 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c +13970 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.cpp +663 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/{llamafile → ggml-cpu/llamafile}/sgemm.cpp +667 -1
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/CMakeLists.txt +155 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-hip/CMakeLists.txt +106 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-impl.h +366 -16
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/CMakeLists.txt +162 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/{ggml-kompute.cpp → ggml-kompute/ggml-kompute.cpp} +238 -72
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-metal/CMakeLists.txt +108 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-impl.h +249 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-musa/CMakeLists.txt +100 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-opt.cpp +867 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-quants.c +187 -10692
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-quants.h +78 -125
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-rpc/CMakeLists.txt +11 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/{ggml-rpc.cpp → ggml-rpc/ggml-rpc.cpp} +475 -300
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/CMakeLists.txt +81 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/backend.hpp +3 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/common.cpp +40 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/common.hpp +258 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/concat.cpp +1 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/dpct/helper.hpp +2 -22
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/element_wise.cpp +1011 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/element_wise.hpp +76 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/{ggml-sycl.cpp → ggml-sycl/ggml-sycl.cpp} +3584 -4142
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/mmvq.cpp +69 -67
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/norm.cpp +3 -3
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/outprod.cpp +56 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/outprod.hpp +11 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/presets.hpp +6 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/vecdotq.hpp +4 -4
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/wkv6.cpp +138 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/wkv6.hpp +10 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-threading.cpp +12 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-threading.h +12 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/CMakeLists.txt +78 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/{ggml-vulkan.cpp → ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp} +555 -623
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/{vulkan-shaders → ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders}/vulkan-shaders-gen.cpp +125 -206
package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml.c +4032 -19890
package/src/llama.cpp/include/llama.h +67 -33
package/src/llama.cpp/pocs/vdot/q8dot.cpp +4 -3
package/src/llama.cpp/pocs/vdot/vdot.cpp +8 -7
package/src/llama.cpp/src/CMakeLists.txt +2 -1
package/src/llama.cpp/src/llama-sampling.cpp +745 -105
package/src/llama.cpp/src/llama-sampling.h +21 -2
package/src/llama.cpp/src/llama-vocab.cpp +49 -9
package/src/llama.cpp/src/llama-vocab.h +35 -11
package/src/llama.cpp/src/llama.cpp +2636 -2406
package/src/llama.cpp/src/unicode-data.cpp +2 -2
package/src/llama.cpp/tests/CMakeLists.txt +1 -2
package/src/llama.cpp/tests/test-arg-parser.cpp +14 -14
package/src/llama.cpp/tests/test-backend-ops.cpp +185 -60
package/src/llama.cpp/tests/test-barrier.cpp +1 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/tests/test-chat-template.cpp +9 -5
package/src/llama.cpp/tests/test-json-schema-to-grammar.cpp +17 -4
package/src/llama.cpp/tests/test-log.cpp +2 -2
package/src/llama.cpp/tests/test-opt.cpp +853 -142
package/src/llama.cpp/tests/test-quantize-fns.cpp +22 -19
package/src/llama.cpp/tests/test-quantize-perf.cpp +16 -14
package/src/llama.cpp/tests/test-rope.cpp +1 -0
package/src/llama.cpp/tests/test-sampling.cpp +162 -137
package/src/llama.cpp/tests/test-tokenizer-0.cpp +7 -7
package/src/llama.cpp/tests/test-tokenizer-1-bpe.cpp +5 -5
package/src/llama.cpp/tests/test-tokenizer-1-spm.cpp +5 -5
package/src/llama.cpp/common/train.cpp +0 -1515
package/src/llama.cpp/common/train.h +0 -233
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/baby-llama/CMakeLists.txt +0 -5
package/src/llama.cpp/examples/baby-llama/baby-llama.cpp +0 -1639
package/src/llama.cpp/tests/test-grad0.cpp +0 -1683
/package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/{cmake → src/ggml-cpu/cmake}/FindSIMD.cmake +0 -0
/package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/{llamafile → ggml-cpu/llamafile}/sgemm.h +0 -0
/package/src/llama.cpp/ggml/src/{vulkan-shaders → ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders}/CMakeLists.txt +0 -0

package/src/llama.cpp/examples/baby-llama/baby-llama.cpp DELETED Viewed

@@ -1,1639 +0,0 @@
-#include "ggml.h"
-#include "train.h"
-#include <cassert>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <random>
-#include <vector>
-#if defined(_MSC_VER)
-#pragma warning(disable: 4244 4267) // possible loss of data
-#endif
-#ifdef LLAMA_DEFAULT_RMS_EPS
-constexpr float rms_norm_eps = LLAMA_DEFAULT_RMS_EPS;
-#else
-constexpr float rms_norm_eps = 5e-6f;
-#endif
-static void ggml_graph_compute_helper(std::vector<uint8_t> & buf, ggml_cgraph * graph, int n_threads) {
-    struct ggml_cplan plan = ggml_graph_plan(graph, n_threads, nullptr);
-    if (plan.work_size > 0) {
-        buf.resize(plan.work_size);
-        plan.work_data = buf.data();
-    }
-    ggml_graph_compute(graph, &plan);
-}
-static struct ggml_tensor * randomize_tensor(
-    struct ggml_tensor * tensor, int ndims, const int64_t ne[], float fmin, float fmax
-) {
-    switch (ndims) {
-        case 1:
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < ne[0]; i0++) {
-                ((float *)tensor->data)[i0] = frand()*(fmax - fmin) + fmin;
-            }
-            break;
-        case 2:
-            for (int i1 = 0; i1 < ne[1]; i1++) {
-                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < ne[0]; i0++) {
-                    ((float *)tensor->data)[i1*ne[0] + i0] = frand()*(fmax - fmin) + fmin;
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        case 3:
-            for (int i2 = 0; i2 < ne[2]; i2++) {
-                for (int i1 = 0; i1 < ne[1]; i1++) {
-                    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < ne[0]; i0++) {
-                        ((float *)tensor->data)[i2*ne[1]*ne[0] + i1*ne[0] + i0] = frand()*(fmax - fmin) + fmin;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        case 4:
-            for (int i3 = 0; i3 < ne[3]; i3++) {
-                for (int i2 = 0; i2 < ne[2]; i2++) {
-                    for (int i1 = 0; i1 < ne[1]; i1++) {
-                        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < ne[0]; i0++) {
-                            ((float *)tensor->data)[i3*ne[2]*ne[1]*ne[0] + i2*ne[1]*ne[0] + i1*ne[0] + i0] = frand()*(fmax - fmin) + fmin;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        default:
-            assert(false);
-    }
-    return tensor;
-}
-struct llama_hparams {
-    uint32_t n_vocab = 32000;
-    uint32_t n_ctx   = 512;   // this is provided as user input?
-    uint32_t n_embd  = 4096;
-    uint32_t n_mult  = 4;
-    uint32_t n_head  = 32;
-    uint32_t n_layer = 32;
-    uint32_t n_rot   = 64;
-    bool operator!=(const llama_hparams & other) const {
-        return memcmp(this, &other, sizeof(llama_hparams));
-    }
-};
-static uint32_t get_n_ff(const struct llama_hparams* hparams) {
-    const uint32_t n_ff = ((2*(4*hparams->n_embd)/3 + hparams->n_mult - 1)/hparams->n_mult)*hparams->n_mult;
-    return n_ff;
-}
-struct llama_hparams_lora {
-    uint32_t n_vocab = 32000;
-    uint32_t n_ctx   = 512;   // this is provided as user input?
-    uint32_t n_embd  = 4096;
-    uint32_t n_mult  = 4;
-    uint32_t n_head  = 32;
-    uint32_t n_layer = 32;
-    uint32_t n_rot   = 64;
-    uint32_t n_lora  = 64;
-    bool operator!=(const llama_hparams_lora & other) const {
-        return memcmp(this, &other, sizeof(llama_hparams_lora)) != 0;
-    }
-};
-struct llama_layer {
-    // normalization
-    struct ggml_tensor * attention_norm;
-    // attention
-    struct ggml_tensor * wq;
-    struct ggml_tensor * wk;
-    struct ggml_tensor * wv;
-    struct ggml_tensor * wo;
-    // normalization
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_norm;
-    // ff
-    struct ggml_tensor * w1;
-    struct ggml_tensor * w2;
-    struct ggml_tensor * w3;
-};
-struct llama_layer_lora {
-    // normalization
-    struct ggml_tensor * attention_norm;
-    // attention
-    struct ggml_tensor * wqa;
-    struct ggml_tensor * wqb;
-    struct ggml_tensor * wka;
-    struct ggml_tensor * wkb;
-    struct ggml_tensor * wva;
-    struct ggml_tensor * wvb;
-    struct ggml_tensor * woa;
-    struct ggml_tensor * wob;
-    // normalization
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_norm;
-    // ff
-    struct ggml_tensor * w1;
-    struct ggml_tensor * w2;
-    struct ggml_tensor * w3;
-};
-struct llama_kv_cache {
-    struct ggml_context * ctx = NULL;
-    struct ggml_tensor * k;
-    struct ggml_tensor * v;
-    // llama_ctx_buffer buf;
-    int n; // number of tokens currently in the cache
-};
-struct llama_model {
-    struct ggml_context * ctx = NULL;
-    llama_hparams hparams;
-    struct ggml_tensor * tok_embeddings;
-    struct ggml_tensor * norm;
-    struct ggml_tensor * output;
-    std::vector<llama_layer> layers;
-};
-struct llama_model_lora {
-    struct ggml_context * ctx = NULL;
-    llama_hparams_lora hparams;
-    struct ggml_tensor * tok_embeddings;
-    struct ggml_tensor * norm;
-    struct ggml_tensor * outputa;
-    struct ggml_tensor * outputb;
-    std::vector<llama_layer_lora> layers;
-};
-static void init_model(struct llama_model * model) {
-    const auto & hparams = model->hparams;
-    const uint32_t n_embd  = hparams.n_embd;
-    const uint32_t n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
-    const uint32_t n_vocab = hparams.n_vocab;
-    const uint32_t n_ff = get_n_ff(&hparams);
-    struct ggml_context * ctx = model->ctx;
-    model->tok_embeddings = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, n_vocab); // ("tok_embeddings.weight", {n_embd, n_vocab});
-    model->norm           = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd);          // ("norm.weight",           {n_embd});
-    model->output         = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, n_vocab); // ("output.weight",         {n_embd, n_vocab});
-    model->layers.resize(n_layer);
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
-        auto & layer = model->layers[i];
-        // std::string layers_i = "layers." + std::to_string(i);
-        layer.attention_norm = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd); // (layers_i + ".attention_norm.weight", {n_embd});
-        layer.wq = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, n_embd);     // (layers_i + ".attention.wq.weight", {n_embd, n_embd});
-        layer.wk = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, n_embd);     // (layers_i + ".attention.wk.weight", {n_embd, n_embd});
-        layer.wv = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, n_embd);     // (layers_i + ".attention.wv.weight", {n_embd, n_embd});
-        layer.wo = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, n_embd);     // (layers_i + ".attention.wo.weight", {n_embd, n_embd});
-        layer.ffn_norm = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd);       // (layers_i + ".ffn_norm.weight", {n_embd});
-        layer.w1 = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd,   n_ff);     // (layers_i + ".feed_forward.w1.weight", {n_embd,   n_ff});
-        layer.w2 = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32,   n_ff, n_embd);     // (layers_i + ".feed_forward.w2.weight", {  n_ff,   n_embd});
-        layer.w3 = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd,   n_ff);     // (layers_i + ".feed_forward.w3.weight", {n_embd,   n_ff});
-    }
-}
-static void init_model_lora(struct llama_model_lora * model) {
-    const auto & hparams = model->hparams;
-    const uint32_t n_embd  = hparams.n_embd;
-    const uint32_t n_mult  = hparams.n_mult;
-    const uint32_t n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
-    const uint32_t n_vocab = hparams.n_vocab;
-    const uint32_t n_lora  = hparams.n_lora;
-    const uint32_t n_ff = ((2*(4*n_embd)/3 + n_mult - 1)/n_mult)*n_mult;
-    struct ggml_context * ctx = model->ctx;
-    model->tok_embeddings = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, n_vocab); // ("tok_embeddings.weight", {n_embd, n_vocab});
-    model->norm           = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd);          // ("norm.weight",           {n_embd});
-    model->outputa        = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_lora, n_vocab); // ("output.weight",         {n_embd, n_vocab});
-    model->outputb        = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd,  n_lora); // ("output.weight",         {n_embd, n_vocab});
-    model->layers.resize(n_layer);
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
-        auto & layer = model->layers[i];
-        // std::string layers_i = "layers." + std::to_string(i);
-        layer.attention_norm = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd); // (layers_i + ".attention_norm.weight", {n_embd});
-        layer.wqa = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_lora, n_embd);    // (layers_i + ".attention.wq.weight", {n_embd, n_embd});
-        layer.wqb = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, n_lora);    // (layers_i + ".attention.wq.weight", {n_embd, n_embd});
-        layer.wka = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_lora, n_embd);    // (layers_i + ".attention.wk.weight", {n_embd, n_embd});
-        layer.wkb = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, n_lora);    // (layers_i + ".attention.wk.weight", {n_embd, n_embd});
-        layer.wva = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_lora, n_embd);    // (layers_i + ".attention.wv.weight", {n_embd, n_embd});
-        layer.wvb = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, n_lora);    // (layers_i + ".attention.wv.weight", {n_embd, n_embd});
-        layer.woa = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_lora, n_embd);    // (layers_i + ".attention.wo.weight", {n_embd, n_embd});
-        layer.wob = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, n_lora);    // (layers_i + ".attention.wo.weight", {n_embd, n_embd});
-        layer.ffn_norm = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd);       // (layers_i + ".ffn_norm.weight", {n_embd});
-        layer.w1 = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd,   n_ff);     // (layers_i + ".feed_forward.w1.weight", {n_embd,   n_ff});
-        layer.w2 = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32,   n_ff, n_embd);     // (layers_i + ".feed_forward.w2.weight", {  n_ff,   n_embd});
-        layer.w3 = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd,   n_ff);     // (layers_i + ".feed_forward.w3.weight", {n_embd,   n_ff});
-    }
-}
-static void set_param_model(struct llama_model * model) {
-    const auto& hparams = model->hparams;
-    const uint32_t n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
-    struct ggml_context* ctx = model->ctx;
-    ggml_set_param(ctx, model->tok_embeddings);
-    ggml_set_param(ctx, model->norm);
-    ggml_set_param(ctx, model->output);
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
-        auto & layer = model->layers[i];
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.attention_norm);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.wq);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.wk);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.wv);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.wo);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.ffn_norm);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.w1);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.w2);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.w3);
-    }
-}
-static void set_param_model_lora(struct llama_model_lora * model) {
-    const auto& hparams = model->hparams;
-    const uint32_t n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
-    struct ggml_context* ctx = model->ctx;
-    ggml_set_param(ctx, model->tok_embeddings);
-    ggml_set_param(ctx, model->norm);
-    ggml_set_param(ctx, model->outputa);
-    ggml_set_param(ctx, model->outputb);
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
-        auto & layer = model->layers[i];
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.attention_norm);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.wqa);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.wqb);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.wka);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.wkb);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.wva);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.wvb);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.woa);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.wob);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.ffn_norm);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.w1);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.w2);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.w3);
-    }
-}
-static void randomize_model(struct llama_model * model, int seed, float mean, float std, float min, float max) {
-    const auto & hparams = model->hparams;
-    const uint32_t n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
-    struct random_normal_distribution * rnd = init_random_normal_distribution(seed, mean, std, min, max);
-    randomize_tensor_normal(model->tok_embeddings , rnd);
-    randomize_tensor_normal(model->norm           , rnd);
-    randomize_tensor_normal(model->output         , rnd);
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
-        auto & layer = model->layers[i];
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.attention_norm, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.wq, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.wk, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.wv, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.wo, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.ffn_norm, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.w1, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.w2, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.w3, rnd);
-    }
-    free_random_normal_distribution(rnd);
-}
-static void randomize_model_lora(
-    struct llama_model_lora * model, int seed, float mean, float std, float min, float max
-) {
-    const auto & hparams = model->hparams;
-    const uint32_t n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
-    struct random_normal_distribution * rnd = init_random_normal_distribution(seed, mean, std, min, max);
-    randomize_tensor_normal(model->tok_embeddings, rnd);
-    randomize_tensor_normal(model->norm          , rnd);
-    randomize_tensor_normal(model->outputa       , rnd);
-    randomize_tensor_normal(model->outputb       , rnd);
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
-        auto & layer = model->layers[i];
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.attention_norm, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.wqa, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.wqb, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.wka, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.wkb, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.wva, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.wvb, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.woa, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.wob, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.ffn_norm, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.w1, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.w2, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.w3, rnd);
-    }
-    free_random_normal_distribution(rnd);
-}
-static void init_kv_cache(struct llama_kv_cache* cache, struct llama_model * model, int n_batch) {
-    const auto & hparams = model->hparams;
-    const uint32_t n_ctx   = hparams.n_ctx;
-    const uint32_t n_embd  = hparams.n_embd;
-    const uint32_t n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
-    const int64_t n_mem      = n_layer*n_ctx*n_batch;
-    const int64_t n_elements = n_embd*n_mem;
-    // cache.buf.resize(2u*n_elements*ggml_type_size(wtype) + 2u*MB);
-    // struct ggml_init_params params;
-    // params.mem_size   = cache.buf.size;
-    // params.mem_buffer = cache.buf.addr;
-    // params.no_alloc   = false;
-    if (!cache->ctx) {
-        struct ggml_init_params params;
-        params.mem_size   = 2u*n_elements*ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32) + 2u*1024*1024;
-        params.mem_buffer = NULL;
-        params.no_alloc   = false;
-        cache->ctx = ggml_init(params);
-        if (!cache->ctx) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to allocate memory for kv cache\n", __func__);
-            exit(1);
-        }
-    }
-    cache->k = ggml_new_tensor_1d(cache->ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_elements);
-    cache->v = ggml_new_tensor_1d(cache->ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_elements);
-}
-static bool init_kv_cache_lora(struct llama_kv_cache* cache, struct llama_model_lora * model, int n_batch) {
-    const auto & hparams = model->hparams;
-    const uint32_t n_ctx   = hparams.n_ctx;
-    const uint32_t n_embd  = hparams.n_embd;
-    const uint32_t n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
-    const int64_t n_mem      = n_layer*n_ctx*n_batch;
-    const int64_t n_elements = n_embd*n_mem;
-    // cache.buf.resize(2u*n_elements*ggml_type_size(wtype) + 2u*MB);
-    // struct ggml_init_params params;
-    // params.mem_size   = cache.buf.size;
-    // params.mem_buffer = cache.buf.addr;
-    // params.no_alloc   = false;
-    if (!cache->ctx) {
-        struct ggml_init_params params;
-        params.mem_size   = 2u*n_elements*ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32) + 2u*1024*1024;
-        params.mem_buffer = NULL;
-        params.no_alloc   = false;
-        cache->ctx = ggml_init(params);
-        if (!cache->ctx) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to allocate memory for kv cache\n", __func__);
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    cache->k = ggml_new_tensor_1d(cache->ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_elements);
-    cache->v = ggml_new_tensor_1d(cache->ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_elements);
-    return true;
-}
-static struct ggml_tensor * forward(
-    struct llama_model    * model,
-    struct llama_kv_cache * cache,
-    struct ggml_context   * ctx0,
-    struct ggml_cgraph    * gf,
-    struct ggml_tensor    * tokens_input,
-    const  int              n_tokens,
-    const  int              n_past
-) {
-    const int N = n_tokens;
-    struct llama_kv_cache& kv_self = *cache;
-    const auto & hparams = model->hparams;
-    const int n_ctx   = hparams.n_ctx;
-    const int n_embd  = hparams.n_embd;
-    const int n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
-    const int n_head  = hparams.n_head;
-    const int n_rot   = hparams.n_rot;
-    struct ggml_tensor * tokens = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, N);
-    memcpy(tokens->data, tokens_input->data, N*ggml_element_size(tokens));
-    struct ggml_tensor * kc = kv_self.k;
-    struct ggml_tensor * vc = kv_self.v;
-    struct ggml_tensor * KQ_pos = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, N);
-    {
-        int * data = (int *) KQ_pos->data;
-        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
-            data[i] = n_past + i;
-        }
-    }
-    // inpL shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-    struct ggml_tensor * inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model->tok_embeddings, tokens);
-    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-        struct ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-        struct ggml_tensor * cur;
-        // lctx.use_buf(ctx0, 0);
-        // norm
-        {
-            // cur shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, inpL, rms_norm_eps);
-            // cur = attention_norm*cur
-            cur = ggml_mul(ctx0,
-                        ggml_repeat(ctx0, model->layers[il].attention_norm, cur),
-                        cur);
-        }
-        // self-attention
-        {
-            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-            // wq   shape [n_embd, n_embd, 1, 1]
-            // wk   shape [n_embd, n_embd, 1, 1]
-            // Qcur shape [n_embd/n_head, n_head, N, 1]
-            // Kcur shape [n_embd/n_head, n_head, N, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_rope(ctx0, ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model->layers[il].wq, cur), n_embd/n_head, n_head, N), KQ_pos, n_rot, 0);
-            struct ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_rope(ctx0, ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model->layers[il].wk, cur), n_embd/n_head, n_head, N), KQ_pos, n_rot, 0);
-            // store key and value to memory
-            {
-                // compute the transposed [N, n_embd] V matrix
-                // wv   shape [n_embd, n_embd, 1, 1]
-                // Vcur shape [n_embd, N, 1, 1]
-                struct ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model->layers[il].wv, cur), n_embd, N)));
-                // kv_self.k shape [n_embd * n_ctx * n_layer, 1]
-                // kv_self.v shape [n_embd * n_ctx * n_layer, 1]
-                // k         shape [n_embd * N, 1]   == kv_self.k[:,n_past:n_past+N,il,0]
-                // v         shape [N, n_embd, 1, 1] == kv_self.v[:,n_past:n_past+N,il,0]
-                /* {
-                    struct ggml_tensor * k = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, kv_self.k, N*n_embd, (ggml_element_size(kv_self.k)*n_embd)*(il*n_ctx + n_past));
-                    struct ggml_tensor * v = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, kv_self.v, N, n_embd,
-                            (   n_ctx)*ggml_element_size(kv_self.v),
-                            (il*n_ctx)*ggml_element_size(kv_self.v)*n_embd + n_past*ggml_element_size(kv_self.v));
-                    // important: storing RoPE-ed version of K in the KV cache!
-                    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, Kcur, k));
-                    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, Vcur, v));
-                } //*/
-                kc = ggml_set_1d(ctx0, kc, ggml_reshape_1d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd*N), (ggml_element_size(kv_self.k)*n_embd)*(il*n_ctx + n_past));
-                vc = ggml_set_2d(ctx0, vc, Vcur, (   n_ctx)*ggml_element_size(kv_self.v),
-                        (il*n_ctx)*ggml_element_size(kv_self.v)*n_embd + n_past*ggml_element_size(kv_self.v));
-            }
-            // Qcur shape [n_embd/n_head, n_head, N, 1]
-            // Q shape    [n_embd/n_head, N, n_head, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * Q =
-                ggml_permute(ctx0,
-                        Qcur,
-                        0, 2, 1, 3);
-            // kv_self.k shape [n_embd * n_ctx * n_layer, 1]
-            // K shape [n_embd/n_head, n_past + N, n_head, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * K =
-                ggml_permute(ctx0,
-                        ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0,
-                            ggml_view_1d(ctx0, kc, (n_past + N)*n_embd, il*n_ctx*ggml_element_size(kc)*n_embd),
-                            n_embd/n_head, n_head, n_past + N),
-                        0, 2, 1, 3);
-            // K * Q
-            // KQ shape [n_past + N, N, n_head, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQ = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, K, Q);
-            // KQ_scaled = KQ / sqrt(n_embd/n_head)
-            // KQ_scaled shape [n_past + N, N, n_head, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQ_scaled = ggml_scale(ctx0, KQ, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd)/n_head));
-            // KQ_masked = mask_past(KQ_scaled)
-            // KQ_masked shape [n_past + N, N, n_head, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQ_masked = ggml_diag_mask_inf(ctx0, KQ_scaled, n_past);
-            // KQ = soft_max(KQ_masked)
-            // KQ_soft_max shape [n_past + N, N, n_head, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQ_soft_max = ggml_soft_max(ctx0, KQ_masked);
-            // split cached V into n_head heads
-            //// V shape [n_past + N, n_embd/n_head, n_head, 1]
-            // V shape [n_past + N, n_embd/n_head, n_head, 1] == kv_self.v[:,:(n_past+N),il,1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * V =
-                ggml_view_3d(ctx0, vc,
-                        n_past + N, n_embd/n_head, n_head,
-                        n_ctx*ggml_element_size(vc),
-                        n_ctx*ggml_element_size(vc)*n_embd/n_head,
-                        il*n_ctx*ggml_element_size(vc)*n_embd);
-            // KQV shape [n_embd/n_head, N, n_head, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQV = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, V, KQ_soft_max);
-            // KQV_merged = KQV.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
-            // KQV_merged shape [n_embd/n_head, n_head, N, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQV_merged = ggml_permute(ctx0, KQV, 0, 2, 1, 3);
-            // KQV_merged shape
-            // cur = KQV_merged.contiguous().view(n_embd, N)
-            // cur shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ggml_cont(ctx0, KQV_merged), n_embd, N);
-            // cur = ggml_cpy(ctx0,
-            //         KQV_merged,
-            //         ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, N));
-            // projection (no bias)
-            // cur shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                    model->layers[il].wo,
-                    cur);
-        }
-        // lctx.use_buf(ctx0, 1);
-        // inpFF shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-        struct ggml_tensor * inpFF = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-        // feed-forward network
-        {
-            // norm
-            {
-                // cur shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-                cur = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, inpFF, rms_norm_eps);
-                // cur = ffn_norm*cur
-                // cur shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-                cur = ggml_mul(ctx0,
-                        ggml_repeat(ctx0, model->layers[il].ffn_norm, cur),
-                        cur);
-            }
-            // tmp shape [n_ff,N,1,1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * tmp = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                    model->layers[il].w3,
-                    cur);
-            // cur shape [n_ff,N,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                    model->layers[il].w1,
-                    cur);
-            // SILU activation
-            // cur shape [n_ff,N,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_silu(ctx0, cur);
-            // cur shape [n_ff,N,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, tmp);
-            // cur shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                    model->layers[il].w2,
-                    cur);
-        }
-        // cur shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpFF);
-        // input for next layer
-        // inpL shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-        inpL = cur;
-    }
-    // norm
-    {
-        // inpL shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-        inpL = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, inpL, rms_norm_eps);
-        // inpL = norm*inpL
-        // inpL shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-        inpL = ggml_mul(ctx0,
-                    ggml_repeat(ctx0, model->norm, inpL),
-                    inpL);
-        //embeddings = inpL;
-    }
-    // lm_head
-    // inpL shape [n_vocab,N,1,1]
-    inpL = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model->output, inpL);
-    // run the computation
-    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, inpL);
-    return inpL;
-}
-static struct ggml_tensor * forward_batch(
-    struct llama_model    * model,
-    struct llama_kv_cache * cache,
-    struct ggml_context   * ctx0,
-    struct ggml_cgraph    * gf,
-    struct ggml_tensor    * tokens_input,
-    const  int              n_tokens,
-    const  int              n_past,
-    const  int              n_batch
-) {
-    const int N = n_tokens;
-    struct llama_kv_cache& kv_self = *cache;
-    const auto & hparams = model->hparams;
-    const int n_ctx   = hparams.n_ctx;
-    const int n_vocab = hparams.n_vocab;
-    const int n_embd  = hparams.n_embd;
-    const int n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
-    const int n_head  = hparams.n_head;
-    const int n_rot   = hparams.n_rot;
-    const int n_ff    = get_n_ff(&hparams);
-    struct ggml_tensor * tokens = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, N*n_batch);
-    memcpy(tokens->data, tokens_input->data, ggml_element_size(tokens)*N*n_batch);
-    struct ggml_tensor * kc = kv_self.k;
-    struct ggml_tensor * vc = kv_self.v;
-    struct ggml_tensor * KQ_pos = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, N);
-    {
-        int * data = (int *) KQ_pos->data;
-        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
-            data[i] = n_past + i;
-        }
-    }
-    // inpL shape [n_embd,N*n_batch,1]
-    struct ggml_tensor * inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model->tok_embeddings, tokens);
-    assert_shape_2d(inpL, n_embd, N*n_batch);
-    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-        struct ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-        struct ggml_tensor * cur;
-        // lctx.use_buf(ctx0, 0);
-        // norm
-        {
-            // cur shape [n_embd,N*n_batch,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, inpL, rms_norm_eps);
-            assert_shape_2d(cur, n_embd, N*n_batch);
-            // cur = attention_norm*cur
-            cur = ggml_mul(ctx0,
-                        ggml_repeat(ctx0, model->layers[il].attention_norm, cur),
-                        cur);
-            assert_shape_2d(cur, n_embd, N*n_batch);
-        }
-        // self-attention
-        {
-            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-            // wq   shape [n_embd, n_embd, 1, 1]
-            // wk   shape [n_embd, n_embd, 1, 1]
-            // Qcur shape [n_embd/n_head, n_head, N, n_batch]
-            // Kcur shape [n_embd/n_head, n_head, N, n_batch]
-            struct ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_rope(ctx0, ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model->layers[il].wq, cur), n_embd/n_head, n_head, N, n_batch), KQ_pos, n_rot, 0);
-            struct ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_rope(ctx0, ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model->layers[il].wk, cur), n_embd/n_head, n_head, N, n_batch), KQ_pos, n_rot, 0);
-            assert_shape_4d(Qcur, n_embd/n_head, n_head, N, n_batch);
-            assert_shape_4d(Kcur, n_embd/n_head, n_head, N, n_batch);
-            // store key and value to memory
-            {
-                // compute the transposed [N, n_embd] V matrix
-                // wv   shape [n_embd, n_embd, 1, 1]
-                // Vcur shape [N, n_embd, n_batch, 1]
-                struct ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0,
-                    ggml_permute(ctx0,
-                        ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0,
-                            ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                                model->layers[il].wv,
-                                cur),
-                        n_embd, N, n_batch),
-                        1, 0, 2, 3));
-                assert_shape_3d(Vcur, N, n_embd, n_batch);
-                // kv_self.k shape [n_embd * n_ctx * n_batch * n_layer]
-                // kv_self.v shape [n_ctx * n_embd * n_batch * n_layer]
-                // k         shape [n_embd * N, n_batch]   == kv_self.k[:,n_past:n_past+N,:,il]
-                // v         shape [N, n_embd, n_batch, 1] == kv_self.v[:,n_past:n_past+N,:,il]
-                /* {
-                    struct ggml_tensor * k = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, kv_self.k, N*n_embd, (ggml_element_size(kv_self.k)*n_embd)*(il*n_ctx + n_past));
-                    struct ggml_tensor * v = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, kv_self.v, N, n_embd,
-                            (   n_ctx)*ggml_element_size(kv_self.v),
-                            (il*n_ctx)*ggml_element_size(kv_self.v)*n_embd + n_past*ggml_element_size(kv_self.v));
-                    // important: storing RoPE-ed version of K in the KV cache!
-                    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, Kcur, k));
-                    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, Vcur, v));
-                } //*/
-                kc = ggml_set_2d(ctx0, kc,
-                        ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd*N, n_batch),
-                        ggml_element_size(kc)*n_embd*n_ctx,
-                        (ggml_element_size(kc)*n_embd)*(il*n_batch*n_ctx + n_past));
-                vc = ggml_set_2d(ctx0, vc,
-                        ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, Vcur, N*n_embd, n_batch),
-                        ggml_element_size(vc)*n_ctx*n_embd,
-                        ggml_element_size(vc)*(n_past + il*n_embd*n_batch*n_ctx));
-                assert_shape_1d(kc, n_embd * n_ctx * n_batch * n_layer);
-                assert_shape_1d(vc, n_embd * n_ctx * n_batch * n_layer);
-            }
-            // Qcur shape [n_embd/n_head, n_head, N, n_batch]
-            // Q shape    [n_embd/n_head, N, n_head, n_batch]
-            struct ggml_tensor * Q =
-                ggml_permute(ctx0,
-                        Qcur,
-                        0, 2, 1, 3);
-            assert_shape_4d(Q, n_embd/n_head, N, n_head, n_batch);
-            // kv_self.k shape [n_embd * n_ctx * n_batch * n_layer]
-            // K shape [n_embd/n_head, n_past + N, n_head, n_batch]
-            struct ggml_tensor * K =
-                ggml_permute(ctx0,
-                        ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0,
-                            ggml_view_3d(ctx0,
-                                kc,
-                                n_embd,
-                                (n_past + N),
-                                n_batch,
-                                n_embd*ggml_element_size(kc),
-                                n_ctx*n_embd*ggml_element_size(kc),
-                                il*n_batch*n_ctx*n_embd*ggml_element_size(kc)),
-                            n_embd/n_head, n_head, n_past + N, n_batch),
-                        0, 2, 1, 3);
-            assert_shape_4d(K, n_embd/n_head, n_past + N, n_head, n_batch);
-            // K * Q
-            // KQ shape [n_past + N, N, n_head, n_batch]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQ = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, K, Q);
-            assert_shape_4d(KQ, n_past + N, N, n_head, n_batch);
-            // KQ_scaled = KQ / sqrt(n_embd/n_head)
-            // KQ_scaled shape [n_past + N, N, n_head, n_batch]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQ_scaled = ggml_scale(ctx0, KQ, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd)/n_head));
-            assert_shape_4d(KQ_scaled, n_past + N, N, n_head, n_batch);
-            // KQ_masked = mask_past(KQ_scaled)
-            // KQ_masked shape [n_past + N, N, n_head, n_batch]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQ_masked = ggml_diag_mask_inf(ctx0, KQ_scaled, n_past);
-            assert_shape_4d(KQ_masked, n_past + N, N, n_head, n_batch);
-            // KQ = soft_max(KQ_masked)
-            // KQ_soft_max shape [n_past + N, N, n_head, n_batch]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQ_soft_max = ggml_soft_max(ctx0, KQ_masked);
-            assert_shape_4d(KQ_soft_max, n_past + N, N, n_head, n_batch);
-            // split cached V into n_head heads
-            // kv_self.v shape [n_ctx * n_embd * n_batch * n_layer]
-            // V shape [n_past + N, n_embd/n_head, n_head, n_batch] == kv_self.v[:(n_past+N),:,:,il]
-            struct ggml_tensor * V =
-                ggml_view_4d(ctx0, vc,
-                        n_past + N, n_embd/n_head, n_head, n_batch,
-                        ggml_element_size(vc)*n_ctx,
-                        ggml_element_size(vc)*n_ctx*n_embd/n_head,
-                        ggml_element_size(vc)*n_ctx*n_embd,
-                        il*n_batch*n_ctx*n_embd*ggml_element_size(vc));
-            assert_shape_4d(V, n_past + N, n_embd/n_head, n_head, n_batch);
-            // KQV shape [n_embd/n_head, N, n_head, n_batch]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQV = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, V, KQ_soft_max);
-            assert_shape_4d(KQV, n_embd/n_head, N, n_head, n_batch);
-            // KQV_merged = KQV.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
-            // KQV_merged shape [n_embd/n_head, n_head, N, n_batch]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQV_merged = ggml_permute(ctx0, KQV, 0, 2, 1, 3);
-            assert_shape_4d(KQV_merged, n_embd/n_head, n_head, N, n_batch);
-            // KQV_merged shape
-            // cur = KQV_merged.contiguous().view(n_embd, N)
-            // cur shape [n_embd,N*n_batch,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ggml_cont(ctx0, KQV_merged), n_embd, N*n_batch);
-            assert_shape_2d(cur, n_embd, N*n_batch);
-            // cur = ggml_cpy(ctx0,
-            //         KQV_merged,
-            //         ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, N));
-            // projection (no bias)
-            // cur shape [n_embd,N*n_batch,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                    model->layers[il].wo,
-                    cur);
-            assert_shape_2d(cur, n_embd, N*n_batch);
-        }
-        // lctx.use_buf(ctx0, 1);
-        // inpFF shape [n_embd,N*n_batch,1,1]
-        struct ggml_tensor * inpFF = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-        assert_shape_2d(inpFF, n_embd, N*n_batch);
-        // feed-forward network
-        {
-            // norm
-            {
-                // cur shape [n_embd,N*n_batch,1,1]
-                cur = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, inpFF, rms_norm_eps);
-                assert_shape_2d(cur, n_embd, N*n_batch);
-                // cur = ffn_norm*cur
-                // cur shape [n_embd,N*n_batch,1,1]
-                cur = ggml_mul(ctx0,
-                        ggml_repeat(ctx0, model->layers[il].ffn_norm, cur),
-                        cur);
-                assert_shape_2d(cur, n_embd, N*n_batch);
-            }
-            // tmp shape [n_ff,N*n_batch,1,1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * tmp = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                    model->layers[il].w3,
-                    cur);
-            assert_shape_2d(tmp, n_ff, N*n_batch);
-            // cur shape [n_ff,N*n_batch,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                    model->layers[il].w1,
-                    cur);
-            assert_shape_2d(cur, n_ff, N*n_batch);
-            // SILU activation
-            // cur shape [n_ff,N*n_batch,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_silu(ctx0, cur);
-            assert_shape_2d(cur, n_ff, N*n_batch);
-            // cur shape [n_ff,N*n_batch,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, tmp);
-            assert_shape_2d(cur, n_ff, N*n_batch);
-            // cur shape [n_embd,N*n_batch,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                    model->layers[il].w2,
-                    cur);
-            assert_shape_2d(cur, n_embd, N*n_batch);
-        }
-        // cur shape [n_embd,N*n_batch,1,1]
-        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpFF);
-        assert_shape_2d(cur, n_embd, N*n_batch);
-        // input for next layer
-        // inpL shape [n_embd,N*n_batch,1,1]
-        inpL = cur;
-        assert_shape_2d(inpL, n_embd, N*n_batch);
-    }
-    // norm
-    {
-        // inpL shape [n_embd,N*n_batch,1,1]
-        inpL = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, inpL, rms_norm_eps);
-        assert_shape_2d(inpL, n_embd, N*n_batch);
-        // inpL = norm*inpL
-        // inpL shape [n_embd,N*n_batch,1,1]
-        inpL = ggml_mul(ctx0,
-                    ggml_repeat(ctx0, model->norm, inpL),
-                    inpL);
-        assert_shape_2d(inpL, n_embd, N*n_batch);
-        //embeddings = inpL;
-    }
-    // lm_head
-    // inpL shape [n_vocab,N*n_batch,1,1]
-    inpL = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model->output, inpL);
-    assert_shape_2d(inpL, n_vocab, N*n_batch);
-    {
-        // inpL shape [n_vocab,N,n_batch,1]
-        inpL = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0,
-                        inpL,
-                        n_vocab, N, n_batch);
-        assert_shape_3d(inpL, n_vocab, N, n_batch);
-    }
-    // run the computation
-    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, inpL);
-    return inpL;
-}
-static struct ggml_tensor * forward_lora(
-    struct llama_model_lora * model,
-    struct llama_kv_cache   * cache,
-    struct ggml_context     * ctx0,
-    struct ggml_cgraph      * gf,
-    struct ggml_tensor      * tokens_input,
-    const  int                n_tokens,
-    const  int                n_past
-) {
-    const int N = n_tokens;
-    struct llama_kv_cache& kv_self = *cache;
-    const auto & hparams = model->hparams;
-    const int n_ctx   = hparams.n_ctx;
-    const int n_embd  = hparams.n_embd;
-    const int n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
-    const int n_head  = hparams.n_head;
-    const int n_rot   = hparams.n_rot;
-    struct ggml_tensor * tokens = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, N);
-    memcpy(tokens->data, tokens_input->data, N*ggml_element_size(tokens));
-    struct ggml_tensor * kc = kv_self.k;
-    struct ggml_tensor * vc = kv_self.v;
-    struct ggml_tensor * KQ_pos = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, N);
-    {
-        int * data = (int *) KQ_pos->data;
-        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
-            data[i] = n_past + i;
-        }
-    }
-    // inpL shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-    struct ggml_tensor * inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model->tok_embeddings, tokens);
-    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-        struct ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-        struct ggml_tensor * cur;
-        // norm
-        {
-            // cur shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, inpL, rms_norm_eps);
-            // cur = attention_norm*cur
-            cur = ggml_mul(ctx0,
-                        ggml_repeat(ctx0, model->layers[il].attention_norm, cur),
-                        cur);
-        }
-        // self-attention
-        {
-            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-            // wq   shape [n_embd, n_embd, 1, 1]
-            // wk   shape [n_embd, n_embd, 1, 1]
-            // Qcur shape [n_embd/n_head, n_head, N, 1]
-            // Kcur shape [n_embd/n_head, n_head, N, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_rope(ctx0,
-                                            ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0,
-                                                ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                                                    model->layers[il].wqa,
-                                                    ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                                                        model->layers[il].wqb,
-                                                        cur)),
-                                                n_embd/n_head, n_head, N),
-                                            KQ_pos, n_rot, 0);
-            struct ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_rope(ctx0,
-                                            ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0,
-                                                ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                                                    model->layers[il].wka,
-                                                    ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                                                        model->layers[il].wkb,
-                                                        cur)),
-                                                n_embd/n_head, n_head, N),
-                                            KQ_pos, n_rot, 0);
-            // store key and value to memory
-            {
-                // compute the transposed [N, n_embd] V matrix
-                // wv   shape [n_embd, n_embd, 1, 1]
-                // Vcur shape [n_embd, N, 1, 1]
-                struct ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0,
-                                                ggml_transpose(ctx0,
-                                                    ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0,
-                                                        ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                                                            model->layers[il].wva,
-                                                            ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                                                                model->layers[il].wvb,
-                                                                cur)),
-                                                        n_embd, N)));
-                // kv_self.k shape [n_embd * n_ctx * n_layer, 1]
-                // kv_self.v shape [n_embd * n_ctx * n_layer, 1]
-                // k         shape [n_embd * N, 1]   == kv_self.k[:,n_past:n_past+N,il,0]
-                // v         shape [N, n_embd, 1, 1] == kv_self.v[:,n_past:n_past+N,il,0]
-                /* {
-                    struct ggml_tensor * k = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, kv_self.k, N*n_embd, (ggml_element_size(kv_self.k)*n_embd)*(il*n_ctx + n_past));
-                    struct ggml_tensor * v = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, kv_self.v, N, n_embd,
-                            (   n_ctx)*ggml_element_size(kv_self.v),
-                            (il*n_ctx)*ggml_element_size(kv_self.v)*n_embd + n_past*ggml_element_size(kv_self.v));
-                    // important: storing RoPE-ed version of K in the KV cache!
-                    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, Kcur, k));
-                    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, Vcur, v));
-                } //*/
-                kc = ggml_set_1d(ctx0, kc, ggml_reshape_1d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd*N), (ggml_element_size(kv_self.k)*n_embd)*(il*n_ctx + n_past));
-                vc = ggml_set_2d(ctx0, vc, Vcur, (   n_ctx)*ggml_element_size(kv_self.v),
-                        (il*n_ctx)*ggml_element_size(kv_self.v)*n_embd + n_past*ggml_element_size(kv_self.v));
-            }
-            // Qcur shape [n_embd/n_head, n_head, N, 1]
-            // Q shape    [n_embd/n_head, N, n_head, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * Q =
-                ggml_permute(ctx0,
-                        Qcur,
-                        0, 2, 1, 3);
-            // kv_self.k shape [n_embd * n_ctx * n_layer, 1]
-            // K shape [n_embd/n_head, n_past + N, n_head, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * K =
-                ggml_permute(ctx0,
-                        ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0,
-                            ggml_view_1d(ctx0, kc, (n_past + N)*n_embd, il*n_ctx*ggml_element_size(kc)*n_embd),
-                            n_embd/n_head, n_head, n_past + N),
-                        0, 2, 1, 3);
-            // K * Q
-            // KQ shape [n_past + N, N, n_head, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQ = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, K, Q);
-            // KQ_scaled = KQ / sqrt(n_embd/n_head)
-            // KQ_scaled shape [n_past + N, N, n_head, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQ_scaled = ggml_scale(ctx0, KQ, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd)/n_head));
-            // KQ_masked = mask_past(KQ_scaled)
-            // KQ_masked shape [n_past + N, N, n_head, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQ_masked = ggml_diag_mask_inf(ctx0, KQ_scaled, n_past);
-            // KQ = soft_max(KQ_masked)
-            // KQ_soft_max shape [n_past + N, N, n_head, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQ_soft_max = ggml_soft_max(ctx0, KQ_masked);
-            // split cached V into n_head heads
-            //// V shape [n_past + N, n_embd/n_head, n_head, 1]
-            // V shape [n_past + N, n_embd/n_head, n_head, 1] == kv_self.v[:,:(n_past+N),il,1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * V =
-                ggml_view_3d(ctx0, vc,
-                        n_past + N, n_embd/n_head, n_head,
-                        n_ctx*ggml_element_size(vc),
-                        n_ctx*ggml_element_size(vc)*n_embd/n_head,
-                        il*n_ctx*ggml_element_size(vc)*n_embd);
-            // KQV shape [n_embd/n_head, N, n_head, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQV = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, V, KQ_soft_max);
-            // KQV_merged = KQV.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
-            // KQV_merged shape [n_embd/n_head, n_head, N, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQV_merged = ggml_permute(ctx0, KQV, 0, 2, 1, 3);
-            // KQV_merged shape
-            // cur = KQV_merged.contiguous().view(n_embd, N)
-            // cur shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ggml_cont(ctx0, KQV_merged), n_embd, N);
-            // cur = ggml_cpy(ctx0,
-            //         KQV_merged,
-            //         ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, N));
-            // projection (no bias)
-            // cur shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                    model->layers[il].woa,
-                    ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                        model->layers[il].wob,
-                        cur));
-        }
-        // inpFF shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-        struct ggml_tensor * inpFF = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-        // feed-forward network
-        {
-            // norm
-            {
-                // cur shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-                cur = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, inpFF, rms_norm_eps);
-                // cur = ffn_norm*cur
-                // cur shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-                cur = ggml_mul(ctx0,
-                        ggml_repeat(ctx0, model->layers[il].ffn_norm, cur),
-                        cur);
-            }
-            // tmp shape [n_ff,N,1,1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * tmp = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                    model->layers[il].w3,
-                    cur);
-            // cur shape [n_ff,N,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                    model->layers[il].w1,
-                    cur);
-            // SILU activation
-            // cur shape [n_ff,N,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_silu(ctx0, cur);
-            // cur shape [n_ff,N,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, tmp);
-            // cur shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-            cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                    model->layers[il].w2,
-                    cur);
-        }
-        // cur shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpFF);
-        // input for next layer
-        // inpL shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-        inpL = cur;
-    }
-    // norm
-    {
-        // inpL shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-        inpL = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, inpL, rms_norm_eps);
-        // inpL = norm*inpL
-        // inpL shape [n_embd,N,1,1]
-        inpL = ggml_mul(ctx0,
-                    ggml_repeat(ctx0, model->norm, inpL),
-                    inpL);
-        //embeddings = inpL;
-    }
-    // lm_head
-    // inpL shape [n_vocab,N,1,1]
-    inpL = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                model->outputa,
-                    ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-                        model->outputb,
-                        inpL));
-    // ggml_set_scratch(ctx0, { 0, 0, nullptr, });
-    // run the computation
-    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, inpL);
-    return inpL;
-}
-static void sample_softmax(struct ggml_tensor * logits, struct ggml_tensor * probs, struct ggml_tensor * best_samples) {
-    assert(ggml_is_matrix(logits));
-    assert(ggml_is_matrix(probs));
-    assert(ggml_is_vector(best_samples));
-    assert(logits->ne[1] == best_samples->ne[0]);
-    assert(logits->ne[0] == probs->ne[0]);
-    assert(logits->ne[1] == probs->ne[1]);
-    for (int i = 0; i < logits->ne[1]; ++i) {
-        float max_logit = ggml_get_f32_1d(logits, i * logits->ne[0]);
-        ggml_set_i32_1d(best_samples, i, 0);
-        for (int k = 0; k < logits->ne[0]; ++k) {
-            float logit = ggml_get_f32_1d(logits, i * logits->ne[0] + k);
-            if (logit > max_logit) {
-                max_logit = logit;
-                ggml_set_i32_1d(best_samples, i, k);
-            }
-        }
-        float psum = 0;
-        for (int k = 0; k < logits->ne[0]; ++k) {
-            float logit = ggml_get_f32_1d(logits, i * logits->ne[0] + k);
-            float p = (logit == -INFINITY) ? 0 : expf(logit - max_logit);
-            psum += p;
-            ggml_set_f32_1d(probs, i * probs->ne[0] + k, p);
-        }
-        for (int k = 0; k < logits->ne[0]; ++k) {
-            float p = ggml_get_f32_1d(probs, i*probs->ne[0] + k);
-            ggml_set_f32_1d(probs, i * probs->ne[0] + k, p / psum);
-        }
-    }
-}
-static void sample_softmax_batch(
-    struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_tensor * logits, struct ggml_tensor * probs,
-    struct ggml_tensor * best_samples
-) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_matrix(best_samples));
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_3d(logits));
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_3d(probs));
-    int n_tokens = best_samples->ne[0];
-    int n_batch  = best_samples->ne[1];
-    int n_vocab  = logits->ne[0];
-    GGML_ASSERT(n_tokens == logits->ne[1]);
-    GGML_ASSERT(n_batch  == logits->ne[2]);
-    GGML_ASSERT(n_vocab  == probs->ne[0]);
-    GGML_ASSERT(n_tokens == probs->ne[1]);
-    GGML_ASSERT(n_batch  == probs->ne[2]);
-    for (int k = 0; k < n_batch; ++k) {
-        struct ggml_tensor * best_samples_k = ggml_view_1d(ctx,
-                                                best_samples,
-                                                best_samples->ne[0],
-                                                k*best_samples->nb[1]);
-        struct ggml_tensor * logits_k       = ggml_view_2d(ctx,
-                                                logits,
-                                                logits->ne[0],
-                                                logits->ne[1],
-                                                logits->nb[1],
-                                                k*logits->nb[2]);
-        struct ggml_tensor * probs_k        = ggml_view_2d(ctx,
-                                                probs,
-                                                probs->ne[0],
-                                                probs->ne[1],
-                                                probs->nb[1],
-                                                k*probs->nb[2]);
-        sample_softmax(logits_k, probs_k, best_samples_k);
-    }
-}
-static void print_row(struct ggml_tensor * probs, int i) {
-    for (int k = 0; k < probs->ne[0]; ++k) {
-        float p = ggml_get_f32_1d(probs, i*probs->ne[0] + k);
-        printf(" %.2f", p);
-    }
-    printf("\n");
-}
-static void print_matrix(struct ggml_tensor * probs) {
-    assert(ggml_is_matrix(probs));
-    for (int i = 0; i < probs->ne[1]; ++i) {
-        for (int k = 0; k < probs->ne[0]; ++k) {
-            float p = ggml_get_f32_1d(probs, i*probs->ne[0] + k);
-            printf(" %.2f", p);
-        }
-        printf("\n");
-    }
-}
-static void print_token(int token, int n_vocab) {
-    for (int k = 0; k < token; ++k) {
-        printf(" ");
-    }
-    printf("X");
-    for (int k = token+1; k < n_vocab; ++k) {
-        printf(" ");
-    }
-    printf("\n");
-}
-static void print_tokens(struct ggml_tensor * tokens, int n_vocab) {
-    for (int i=0; i<tokens->ne[0]; ++i) {
-        int token = ggml_get_i32_1d(tokens, i);
-        print_token(token, n_vocab);
-    }
-}
-static void get_example_targets(int example_id, struct ggml_tensor * tokens_input, struct ggml_tensor * targets) {
-    int n_tokens = tokens_input->ne[0];
-    int n_vocab = targets->ne[0];
-    float randomness = 0.0f;
-    // ggml_set_zero(targets);
-    ggml_set_f32(targets, -1.0f);
-    ggml_set_i32_1d(tokens_input, 0, 0);
-    for (int i=1; i<n_tokens+1; ++i) {
-        float x = example_id + i * 3.14159f * 2.0f * 1.0f * 0.5f / n_tokens;
-        float y = sinf(x);//*cosf(x*1.1f+1.0f);
-        float z = (y+1.0f)*0.5f; // scale to [0..1]
-        z += (frand()-0.5f)*(randomness/n_vocab);
-        z = (z < 0.0f) ? 0.0f : (z > 1.0f) ? 1.0f : z; // clamp to [0..1]
-        int token = std::max(1,std::min(1+(int)(z*(float)(n_vocab-1)), n_vocab-1));
-        ggml_set_f32_1d(targets, (i-1)*n_vocab + token, +1.0f);
-        if (i<n_tokens) {
-            ggml_set_i32_1d(tokens_input, i, token);
-        }
-    }
-}
-static void get_example_targets_batch(
-    struct ggml_context * ctx, int example_id, struct ggml_tensor * tokens_input, struct ggml_tensor * targets
-) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_matrix(tokens_input));
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_3d(targets));
-    int n_tokens = tokens_input->ne[0];
-    int n_batch  = tokens_input->ne[1];
-    GGML_ASSERT(n_tokens == targets->ne[1]);
-    GGML_ASSERT(n_batch  == targets->ne[2]);
-    for (int k=0; k<n_batch; ++k) {
-        struct ggml_tensor * tokens_input_k = ggml_view_1d(ctx,
-                                                tokens_input,
-                                                tokens_input->ne[0],
-                                                k*tokens_input->nb[1]);
-        struct ggml_tensor * targets_k    = ggml_view_2d(ctx,
-                                                targets,
-                                                targets->ne[0],
-                                                targets->ne[1],
-                                                targets->nb[1],
-                                                k*targets->nb[2]);
-        get_example_targets(example_id*n_batch + k, tokens_input_k, targets_k);
-    }
-}
-static void lshift_examples(struct ggml_tensor * tokens_input, struct ggml_tensor * targets, int n_shift) {
-    int n_tokens = tokens_input->ne[0];
-    int n_vocab = targets->ne[0];
-    for (int i=0; i<n_tokens-n_shift; ++i) {
-        ggml_set_i32_1d(tokens_input, i, ggml_get_i32_1d(tokens_input, i + n_shift));
-        for (int k=0; k<n_vocab; ++k) {
-            ggml_set_f32_1d(targets, i*n_vocab + k, ggml_get_f32_1d(targets, (i + n_shift)*n_vocab + k));
-        }
-    }
-}
-static struct ggml_tensor * square_error_loss(
-    struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_tensor * a, struct ggml_tensor * b
-) {
-    // todo: instead of a-b: a[1:]-b[:-1]
-    return ggml_sum(ctx, ggml_sqr(ctx, ggml_sub(ctx, a, b)));
-}
-static struct ggml_tensor * cross_entropy_loss(
-    struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_tensor * a, struct ggml_tensor * b
-) {
-    const float eps = 1e-3f;
-    return
-        ggml_sum(ctx,
-            ggml_neg(ctx,
-                ggml_sum_rows(ctx,
-                    ggml_mul(ctx,
-                        ggml_soft_max(ctx, a),
-                        ggml_log(ctx,
-                            ggml_add1(ctx,
-                                ggml_soft_max(ctx, b),
-                                ggml_new_f32(ctx, eps)))))));
-}
-int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
-    if (argc < 1) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s\n", argv[0]);
-        return 1;
-    }
-    struct ggml_init_params lcparams;
-    lcparams.mem_size   = 1024ll*1024ll*1024ll;
-    lcparams.mem_buffer = NULL;
-    lcparams.no_alloc   = false;
-    struct llama_model model;
-    model.hparams.n_vocab = 8;
-    model.hparams.n_ctx   = 8;
-    model.hparams.n_embd  = 32;
-    model.hparams.n_mult  = 2;
-    model.hparams.n_head  = 8;
-    model.hparams.n_layer = 1;
-    model.hparams.n_rot   = std::min(16u, model.hparams.n_embd / model.hparams.n_head);
-    // model.hparams.n_embd  = 32;
-    // model.hparams.n_mult  = 2;
-    // model.hparams.n_head  = 4;
-    // model.hparams.n_layer = 8;
-    // model.hparams.n_rot   = 8;
-    model.ctx = ggml_init(lcparams);
-    printf("init model\n");
-    init_model(&model);
-    set_param_model(&model);
-    randomize_model(&model, 1337, 0.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, +1.0f);
-/*
-    struct llama_model_lora model_lora;
-    // model.hparams.n_vocab = 6;
-    // model.hparams.n_ctx   = 64;
-    // model.hparams.n_embd  = 128;
-    // model.hparams.n_mult  = 2;
-    // model.hparams.n_head  = 8;
-    // model.hparams.n_layer = 6;
-    // model.hparams.n_rot   = model.hparams.n_embd / model.hparams.n_head;
-    model_lora.hparams.n_vocab = 16;
-    model_lora.hparams.n_ctx   = 32;
-    model_lora.hparams.n_embd  = 256;
-    model_lora.hparams.n_mult  = 2;
-    model_lora.hparams.n_head  = 16;
-    model_lora.hparams.n_layer = 1;
-    model_lora.hparams.n_lora  = 64;
-    model_lora.hparams.n_rot   = MIN(16, model_lora.hparams.n_embd / model_lora.hparams.n_head);
-    // model.hparams.n_rot   = (model.hparams.n_embd / model.hparams.n_head) / 2;
-    // model.hparams.n_embd  = 32;
-    // model.hparams.n_mult  = 2;
-    // model.hparams.n_head  = 4;
-    // model.hparams.n_layer = 8;
-    // model.hparams.n_rot   = 8;
-    model_lora.ctx = ggml_init(lcparams);
-    printf("init model_lora\n");
-    init_model_lora(&model_lora);
-    set_param_model_lora(&model_lora);
-    randomize_model_lora(&model_lora, 1337, 0.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, +1.0f);
-*/
-    int n_batch = 8;
-    // key + value cache for the self attention
-    struct llama_kv_cache kv_self;
-    printf("init_kv_cache\n");
-    kv_self.ctx = model.ctx;
-    init_kv_cache(&kv_self, &model, n_batch);
-    //init_kv_cache_lora(&kv_self, &model_lora);
-    size_t    compute_size = 1024ll*1024ll*1024ll;
-    uint8_t * compute_addr = new uint8_t[compute_size];
-    int n_examples = 256;
-    int n_tokens = model.hparams.n_ctx;
-    int n_vocab  = model.hparams.n_vocab;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> work_buffer;
-    for (int ex=0; ex<n_examples; ++ex) {
-        struct ggml_init_params params = {
-            /*.mem_size   =*/ compute_size,
-            /*.mem_buffer =*/ compute_addr,
-            /*.no_alloc   =*/ false,
-        };
-        struct ggml_context * ctx0 = ggml_init(params);
-        struct ggml_tensor * after_opt_best_samples  = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, n_tokens, n_batch);
-        struct ggml_tensor * after_opt_probs         = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_vocab, n_tokens, n_batch);
-        struct ggml_tensor * tokens_input            = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, n_tokens, n_batch);
-        struct ggml_tensor * targets                 = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_vocab, n_tokens, n_batch);
-        int n_past = 0;
-        struct ggml_cgraph * gf = NULL;
-        gf = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx0, LLAMA_TRAIN_MAX_NODES, true);
-        get_example_targets_batch(ctx0, 64*ex+0,  tokens_input, targets);
-        struct ggml_tensor * logits = forward_batch(&model, &kv_self, ctx0, gf, tokens_input, n_tokens, n_past, n_batch);
-        // struct ggml_tensor * e = cross_entropy_loss(ctx0, targets, logits);
-        struct ggml_tensor * e = square_error_loss(ctx0, targets, logits);
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, e);
-        ggml_graph_compute_helper(work_buffer, gf, /*n_threads*/ 1);
-        float error_before_opt = ggml_get_f32_1d(e, 0);
-        struct ggml_opt_params opt_params_lbfgs = ggml_opt_default_params(GGML_OPT_TYPE_LBFGS);
-        opt_params_lbfgs.print_forward_graph = false;
-        opt_params_lbfgs.print_backward_graph = false;
-        opt_params_lbfgs.lbfgs.n_iter = 16;
-        ggml_opt(ctx0, opt_params_lbfgs, e);
-        //
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, e);
-        ggml_graph_compute_helper(work_buffer, gf, /*n_threads*/ 1);
-        float error_after_opt = ggml_get_f32_1d(e, 0);
-        if (ex % 8 == 0) {
-            printf("Example %d\n", (ex+1));
-            printf("error_before_opt: %.2f\n", error_before_opt);
-            printf("error_after_opt:  %.2f\n", error_after_opt);
-        }
-        if (ex % 64 == 0) {
-            sample_softmax_batch(ctx0, logits, after_opt_probs, after_opt_best_samples);
-            // printf("probabilities after optimization:\n");
-            // print_matrix(after_opt_probs);
-            printf("best samples after optimization:\n");
-            print_tokens(after_opt_best_samples, n_vocab);
-        }
-        ggml_free(ctx0);
-    }
-    {
-        int n_gen = 128;
-        int sample_ctx = n_tokens-n_tokens/8;
-        printf("Generating %d tokens.\n", n_gen);
-        struct ggml_tensor * tokens_input = ggml_new_tensor_1d(model.ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, n_tokens);
-        struct ggml_tensor * targets      = ggml_new_tensor_2d(model.ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_vocab, n_tokens);
-        get_example_targets(137, tokens_input, targets);
-        for (int i=sample_ctx; i<n_tokens; ++i) {
-            ggml_set_i32_1d(tokens_input, i, n_vocab/2);
-        }
-        for (int i=0; i<sample_ctx-1; ++i) {
-            print_token(ggml_get_i32_1d(tokens_input, i), n_vocab);
-        }
-        printf("---\n");
-        for (int i=0; i<n_gen; ++i) {
-            struct ggml_init_params params = {
-                /*.mem_size   =*/ compute_size,
-                /*.mem_buffer =*/ compute_addr,
-                /*.no_alloc   =*/ false,
-            };
-            struct ggml_context * ctx0 = ggml_init(params);
-            struct ggml_cgraph * gf = NULL;
-            gf = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx0, LLAMA_TRAIN_MAX_NODES, true);
-            int n_past = 0;
-            struct ggml_tensor * logits = forward(&model, &kv_self, ctx0, gf, tokens_input, sample_ctx, n_past);
-            ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, logits);
-            ggml_graph_compute_helper(work_buffer, gf, /*n_threads*/ 1);
-            struct ggml_tensor * best_samples = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, sample_ctx);
-            struct ggml_tensor * probs        = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_vocab, sample_ctx);
-            sample_softmax(logits, probs, best_samples);
-            // int sample_at = n_tokens-1;
-            int token = ggml_get_i32_1d(best_samples, sample_ctx-1);
-            // print_row(probs, sample_at);
-            print_token(token, n_vocab);
-            lshift_examples(tokens_input, targets, 1);
-            ggml_set_i32_1d(tokens_input, 0, 0);
-            ggml_set_i32_1d(tokens_input, sample_ctx-1, token);
-            ggml_free(ctx0);
-        }
-    }
-    print_matrix(model.tok_embeddings);
-    printf("done\n");
-    // ggml_free(kv_self.ctx);
-    // ggml_free(model_lora.ctx);
-    ggml_free(model.ctx);
-    return 0;
-}