@fugood/llama.node 0.3.16 → 0.4.0

package/src/llama.cpp/examples/llava/clip.cpp

@@ -1,3206 +0,0 @@
-// NOTE: This is modified from clip.cpp only for LLaVA,
-// so there might be still unnecessary artifacts hanging around
-// I'll gradually clean and extend it
-// Note: Even when using identical normalized image inputs (see normalize_image_u8_to_f32()) we have a significant difference in resulting embeddings compared to pytorch
-#include "clip.h"
-#include "ggml.h"
-#include "ggml-cpp.h"
-#include "ggml-cpu.h"
-#include "ggml-alloc.h"
-#include "ggml-backend.h"
-#include "gguf.h"
-
-#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
-#include "stb_image.h"
-
-#include <cassert>
-#include <cmath>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <fstream>
-#include <map>
-#include <regex>
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include <unordered_set>
-#include <vector>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <cinttypes>
-#include <limits>
-
-#if defined(LLAVA_LOG_OFF)
-#   define LOG_INF(...)
-#   define LOG_WRN(...)
-#   define LOG_ERR(...)
-#   define LOG_DBG(...)
-#else // defined(LLAVA_LOG_OFF)
-#   define LOG_INF(...) do { fprintf(stdout, __VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
-#   define LOG_WRN(...) do { fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
-#   define LOG_ERR(...) do { fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
-#   define LOG_DBG(...) do { fprintf(stdout, __VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
-#endif // defined(LLAVA_LOG_OFF)
-
-//#define CLIP_DEBUG_FUNCTIONS
-
-// RGB uint8 image
-struct clip_image_u8 {
-    int nx;
-    int ny;
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> buf;
-};
-
-// RGB float32 image (NHWC)
-// Memory layout: RGBRGBRGB...
-struct clip_image_f32 {
-    int nx;
-    int ny;
-
-    std::vector<float> buf;
-};
-
-static std::string format(const char * fmt, ...) {
-    va_list ap;
-    va_list ap2;
-    va_start(ap, fmt);
-    va_copy(ap2, ap);
-    int size = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, ap);
-    GGML_ASSERT(size >= 0 && size < INT_MAX); // NOLINT
-    std::vector<char> buf(size + 1);
-    int size2 = vsnprintf(buf.data(), size + 1, fmt, ap2);
-    GGML_ASSERT(size2 == size);
-    va_end(ap2);
-    va_end(ap);
-    return std::string(buf.data(), buf.size());
-}
-
-//
-// key constants
-//
-
-#define KEY_FTYPE               "general.file_type"
-#define KEY_NAME                "general.name"
-#define KEY_DESCRIPTION         "general.description"
-#define KEY_HAS_TEXT_ENC        "clip.has_text_encoder"
-#define KEY_HAS_VIS_ENC         "clip.has_vision_encoder"
-#define KEY_HAS_LLAVA_PROJ      "clip.has_llava_projector"
-#define KEY_HAS_MINICPMV_PROJ   "clip.has_minicpmv_projector"
-#define KEY_HAS_GLM_PROJ        "clip.has_glm_projector"
-#define KEY_MINICPMV_VERSION    "clip.minicpmv_version"
-#define KEY_HAS_QWEN2VL_MERGER  "clip.has_qwen2vl_merger"
-#define KEY_USE_GELU            "clip.use_gelu"
-#define KEY_USE_SILU            "clip.use_silu"
-#define KEY_N_EMBD              "clip.%s.embedding_length"
-#define KEY_N_FF                "clip.%s.feed_forward_length"
-#define KEY_N_BLOCK             "clip.%s.block_count"
-#define KEY_N_HEAD              "clip.%s.attention.head_count"
-#define KEY_LAYER_NORM_EPS      "clip.%s.attention.layer_norm_epsilon"
-#define KEY_PROJ_DIM            "clip.%s.projection_dim"
-#define KEY_TOKENS              "tokenizer.ggml.tokens"
-#define KEY_N_POSITIONS         "clip.text.context_length"
-#define KEY_IMAGE_SIZE          "clip.vision.image_size"
-#define KEY_PATCH_SIZE          "clip.vision.patch_size"
-#define KEY_IMAGE_MEAN          "clip.vision.image_mean"
-#define KEY_IMAGE_STD           "clip.vision.image_std"
-#define KEY_PROJ_TYPE           "clip.projector_type"
-#define KEY_FEATURE_LAYER       "clip.vision.feature_layer"
-
-#define KEY_MM_PATCH_MERGE_TYPE   "clip.vision.mm_patch_merge_type"
-#define KEY_IMAGE_GRID_PINPOINTS  "clip.vision.image_grid_pinpoints"
-#define KEY_IMAGE_CROP_RESOLUTION "clip.vision.image_crop_resolution"
-
-
-//
-// tensor name constants
-//
-
-#define TN_TOKEN_EMBD      "%s.token_embd.weight"
-#define TN_POS_EMBD        "%s.position_embd.weight"
-#define TN_CLASS_EMBD      "v.class_embd"
-#define TN_PATCH_EMBD      "v.patch_embd.weight"  // not rename tensor with ".0" postfix for backwrad compat
-#define TN_PATCH_EMBD_1    "v.patch_embd.weight.1"
-#define TN_PATCH_BIAS      "v.patch_embd.bias"
-#define TN_ATTN_K          "%s.blk.%d.attn_k.%s"
-#define TN_ATTN_Q          "%s.blk.%d.attn_q.%s"
-#define TN_ATTN_V          "%s.blk.%d.attn_v.%s"
-#define TN_ATTN_OUTPUT     "%s.blk.%d.attn_out.%s"
-#define TN_FFN_DOWN        "%s.blk.%d.ffn_down.%s"
-#define TN_FFN_UP          "%s.blk.%d.ffn_up.%s"
-#define TN_LN_1            "%s.blk.%d.ln1.%s"
-#define TN_LN_2            "%s.blk.%d.ln2.%s"
-#define TN_LN_PRE          "%s.pre_ln.%s"
-#define TN_LN_POST         "%s.post_ln.%s"
-#define TN_TEXT_PROJ       "text_projection.weight"
-#define TN_VIS_PROJ        "visual_projection.weight"
-#define TN_LLAVA_PROJ      "mm.%d.%s"
-#define TN_MVLM_PROJ_MLP   "mm.model.mlp.%d.%s"
-#define TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK "mm.model.mb_block.%d.block.%d.%s"
-#define TN_MVLM_PROJ_PEG   "mm.model.peg.%d.%s"
-#define TN_IMAGE_NEWLINE   "model.image_newline"
-#define TN_MM_INP_PROJ     "mm.input_projection.weight" // gemma3
-#define TN_MM_SOFT_EMB_N   "mm.soft_emb_norm.weight"    // gemma3
-
-#define TN_MINICPMV_POS_EMBD_K "resampler.pos_embed_k"
-#define TN_MINICPMV_QUERY "resampler.query"
-#define TN_MINICPMV_PROJ "resampler.proj.weight"
-#define TN_MINICPMV_KV_PROJ "resampler.kv.weight"
-#define TN_MINICPMV_ATTN "resampler.attn.%s.%s"
-#define TN_MINICPMV_LN "resampler.ln_%s.%s"
-
-#define TN_GLM_ADAPER_CONV "adapter.conv.%s"
-#define TN_GLM_ADAPTER_LINEAR "adapter.linear.linear.%s"
-#define TN_GLM_ADAPTER_NORM_1 "adapter.linear.norm1.%s"
-#define TN_GLM_ADAPTER_D_H_2_4H "adapter.linear.dense_h_to_4h.%s"
-#define TN_GLM_ADAPTER_GATE "adapter.linear.gate.%s"
-#define TN_GLM_ADAPTER_D_4H_2_H "adapter.linear.dense_4h_to_h.%s"
-#define TN_GLM_BOI_W "adapter.boi"
-#define TN_GLM_EOI_W "adapter.eoi"
-
-
-enum projector_type {
-    PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP,
-    PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP_NORM,
-    PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDP,
-    PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDPV2,
-    PROJECTOR_TYPE_RESAMPLER,
-    PROJECTOR_TYPE_GLM_EDGE,
-    PROJECTOR_TYPE_MERGER,
-    PROJECTOR_TYPE_GEMMA3,
-    PROJECTOR_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
-};
-
-static std::map<projector_type, std::string> PROJECTOR_TYPE_NAMES = {
-    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP, "mlp" },
-    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDP, "ldp" },
-    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDPV2, "ldpv2"},
-    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_RESAMPLER, "resampler"},
-    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_GLM_EDGE, "adapter"},
-    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_MERGER, "qwen2vl_merger"},
-    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_GEMMA3, "gemma3"},
-};
-
-
-//
-// utilities to get data from a gguf file
-//
-
-static int get_key_idx(const gguf_context * ctx, const char * key) {
-    int i = gguf_find_key(ctx, key);
-    if (i == -1) {
-        LOG_ERR("key %s not found in file\n", key);
-        throw std::runtime_error(format("Missing required key: %s", key));
-    }
-
-    return i;
-}
-
-static uint32_t get_u32(const gguf_context * ctx, const std::string & key) {
-    const int i = get_key_idx(ctx, key.c_str());
-
-    return gguf_get_val_u32(ctx, i);
-}
-
-static float get_f32(const gguf_context * ctx, const std::string & key) {
-    const int i = get_key_idx(ctx, key.c_str());
-
-    return gguf_get_val_f32(ctx, i);
-}
-
-static struct ggml_tensor * get_tensor(struct ggml_context * ctx, const std::string & name) {
-    struct ggml_tensor * cur = ggml_get_tensor(ctx, name.c_str());
-    if (!cur) {
-        throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: unable to find tensor %s\n", __func__, name.c_str()));
-    }
-
-    return cur;
-}
-
-static std::string get_ftype(int ftype) {
-    return ggml_type_name(static_cast<ggml_type>(ftype));
-}
-
-static std::string gguf_data_to_str(enum gguf_type type, const void * data, int i) {
-    switch (type) {
-        case GGUF_TYPE_UINT8:   return std::to_string(((const uint8_t  *)data)[i]);
-        case GGUF_TYPE_INT8:    return std::to_string(((const int8_t   *)data)[i]);
-        case GGUF_TYPE_UINT16:  return std::to_string(((const uint16_t *)data)[i]);
-        case GGUF_TYPE_INT16:   return std::to_string(((const int16_t  *)data)[i]);
-        case GGUF_TYPE_UINT32:  return std::to_string(((const uint32_t *)data)[i]);
-        case GGUF_TYPE_INT32:   return std::to_string(((const int32_t  *)data)[i]);
-        case GGUF_TYPE_UINT64:  return std::to_string(((const uint64_t *)data)[i]);
-        case GGUF_TYPE_INT64:   return std::to_string(((const int64_t  *)data)[i]);
-        case GGUF_TYPE_FLOAT32: return std::to_string(((const float    *)data)[i]);
-        case GGUF_TYPE_FLOAT64: return std::to_string(((const double   *)data)[i]);
-        case GGUF_TYPE_BOOL:    return ((const bool *)data)[i] ? "true" : "false";
-        default:                return format("unknown type %d", type);
-    }
-}
-
-static void replace_all(std::string & s, const std::string & search, const std::string & replace) {
-    if (search.empty()) {
-        return;
-    }
-    std::string builder;
-    builder.reserve(s.length());
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t last_pos = 0;
-    while ((pos = s.find(search, last_pos)) != std::string::npos) {
-        builder.append(s, last_pos, pos - last_pos);
-        builder.append(replace);
-        last_pos = pos + search.length();
-    }
-    builder.append(s, last_pos, std::string::npos);
-    s = std::move(builder);
-}
-
-static std::string gguf_kv_to_str(const struct gguf_context * ctx_gguf, int i) {
-    const enum gguf_type type = gguf_get_kv_type(ctx_gguf, i);
-
-    switch (type) {
-        case GGUF_TYPE_STRING:
-            return gguf_get_val_str(ctx_gguf, i);
-        case GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY:
-            {
-                const enum gguf_type arr_type = gguf_get_arr_type(ctx_gguf, i);
-                int arr_n = gguf_get_arr_n(ctx_gguf, i);
-                const void * data = arr_type == GGUF_TYPE_STRING ? nullptr : gguf_get_arr_data(ctx_gguf, i);
-                std::stringstream ss;
-                ss << "[";
-                for (int j = 0; j < arr_n; j++) {
-                    if (arr_type == GGUF_TYPE_STRING) {
-                        std::string val = gguf_get_arr_str(ctx_gguf, i, j);
-                        // escape quotes
-                        replace_all(val, "\\", "\\\\");
-                        replace_all(val, "\"", "\\\"");
-                        ss << '"' << val << '"';
-                    } else if (arr_type == GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY) {
-                        ss << "???";
-                    } else {
-                        ss << gguf_data_to_str(arr_type, data, j);
-                    }
-                    if (j < arr_n - 1) {
-                        ss << ", ";
-                    }
-                }
-                ss << "]";
-                return ss.str();
-            }
-        default:
-            return gguf_data_to_str(type, gguf_get_val_data(ctx_gguf, i), 0);
-    }
-}
-
-static void print_tensor_info(const ggml_tensor * tensor, const char * prefix = "") {
-    size_t tensor_size = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
-    LOG_INF("%s: n_dims = %d, name = %s, tensor_size=%zu, shape:[%" PRId64 ", %" PRId64 ", %" PRId64 ", %" PRId64 "], type = %s\n",
-            prefix, ggml_n_dims(tensor), tensor->name, tensor_size,
-            tensor->ne[0], tensor->ne[1], tensor->ne[2], tensor->ne[3], ggml_type_name(tensor->type));
-}
-
-static projector_type clip_projector_type_from_string(const std::string & name) {
-    for (const auto & kv : PROJECTOR_TYPE_NAMES) { // NOLINT
-        if (kv.second == name) {
-            return kv.first;
-        }
-    }
-    throw std::runtime_error(format("Unknown projector type: %s", name.c_str()));
-}
-
-#ifdef CLIP_DEBUG_FUNCTIONS
-static void clip_image_write_image_to_ppm(const clip_image_u8& img, const std::string& filename) {
-    std::ofstream file(filename, std::ios::binary);
-    if (!file.is_open()) {
-        LOG_ERR("Failed to open file for writing: %s\n", filename.c_str());
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // PPM header: P6 format, width, height, and max color value
-    file << "P6\n" << img.nx << " " << img.ny << "\n255\n";
-
-    // Write pixel data
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < img.buf.size(); i += 3) {
-        // PPM expects binary data in RGB format, which matches our image buffer
-        file.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&img.buf[i]), 3);
-    }
-
-    file.close();
-}
-
-static void clip_image_save_to_bmp(const clip_image_u8& img, const std::string& filename) {
-    std::ofstream file(filename, std::ios::binary);
-    if (!file.is_open()) {
-        LOG_ERR("Failed to open file for writing: %s\n", filename.c_str());
-        return;
-    }
-
-    int fileSize = 54 + 3 * img.nx * img.ny; // File header + info header + pixel data
-    int bytesPerPixel = 3;
-    int widthInBytes = img.nx * bytesPerPixel;
-    int paddingAmount = (4 - (widthInBytes % 4)) % 4;
-    int stride = widthInBytes + paddingAmount;
-
-    // Bitmap file header
-    unsigned char fileHeader[14] = {
-        'B','M',     // Signature
-        0,0,0,0,    // Image file size in bytes
-        0,0,0,0,    // Reserved
-        54,0,0,0    // Start of pixel array
-    };
-
-    // Total file size
-    fileSize = 54 + (stride * img.ny);
-    fileHeader[2] = (unsigned char)(fileSize);
-    fileHeader[3] = (unsigned char)(fileSize >> 8);
-    fileHeader[4] = (unsigned char)(fileSize >> 16);
-    fileHeader[5] = (unsigned char)(fileSize >> 24);
-
-    // Bitmap information header (BITMAPINFOHEADER)
-    unsigned char infoHeader[40] = {
-        40,0,0,0,   // Size of this header (40 bytes)
-        0,0,0,0,    // Image width
-        0,0,0,0,    // Image height
-        1,0,        // Number of color planes
-        24,0,       // Bits per pixel
-        0,0,0,0,    // No compression
-        0,0,0,0,    // Image size (can be 0 for no compression)
-        0,0,0,0,    // X pixels per meter (not specified)
-        0,0,0,0,    // Y pixels per meter (not specified)
-        0,0,0,0,    // Total colors (color table not used)
-        0,0,0,0     // Important colors (all are important)
-    };
-
-    // Width and height in the information header
-    infoHeader[4] = (unsigned char)(img.nx);
-    infoHeader[5] = (unsigned char)(img.nx >> 8);
-    infoHeader[6] = (unsigned char)(img.nx >> 16);
-    infoHeader[7] = (unsigned char)(img.nx >> 24);
-    infoHeader[8] = (unsigned char)(img.ny);
-    infoHeader[9] = (unsigned char)(img.ny >> 8);
-    infoHeader[10] = (unsigned char)(img.ny >> 16);
-    infoHeader[11] = (unsigned char)(img.ny >> 24);
-
-    // Write file headers
-    file.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(fileHeader), sizeof(fileHeader));
-    file.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(infoHeader), sizeof(infoHeader));
-
-    // Pixel data
-    std::vector<unsigned char> padding(3, 0); // Max padding size to be added to each row
-    for (int y = img.ny - 1; y >= 0; --y) { // BMP files are stored bottom-to-top
-        for (int x = 0; x < img.nx; ++x) {
-            // Each pixel
-            size_t pixelIndex = (y * img.nx + x) * 3;
-            unsigned char pixel[3] = {
-                img.buf[pixelIndex + 2], // BMP stores pixels in BGR format
-                img.buf[pixelIndex + 1],
-                img.buf[pixelIndex]
-            };
-            file.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(pixel), 3);
-        }
-        // Write padding for the row
-        file.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(padding.data()), paddingAmount);
-    }
-
-    file.close();
-}
-
-// debug function to convert f32 to u8
-static void clip_image_convert_f32_to_u8(const clip_image_f32& src, clip_image_u8& dst) {
-    dst.nx = src.nx;
-    dst.ny = src.ny;
-    dst.buf.resize(3 * src.nx * src.ny);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < src.buf.size(); ++i) {
-        dst.buf[i] = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::min(std::max(int(src.buf[i] * 255.0f), 0), 255));
-    }
-}
-#endif
-
-
-//
-// clip layers
-//
-
-struct clip_hparams {
-    int32_t image_size;
-    int32_t patch_size;
-    int32_t hidden_size;
-    int32_t n_intermediate;
-    int32_t projection_dim;
-    int32_t n_head;
-    int32_t n_layer;
-
-    float eps;
-
-    char mm_patch_merge_type[32] = "flat"; // spatial_unpad or flat (default)
-
-    std::vector<int32_t> image_grid_pinpoints;
-    int32_t image_crop_resolution;
-    std::unordered_set<int32_t> vision_feature_layer;
-};
-
-struct clip_layer {
-    // attention
-    struct ggml_tensor * k_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * k_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * q_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * q_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * v_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * v_b;
-
-    struct ggml_tensor * o_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * o_b;
-
-    // layernorm 1
-    struct ggml_tensor * ln_1_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * ln_1_b;
-
-    // ff
-    struct ggml_tensor * ff_i_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * ff_i_b;
-
-    struct ggml_tensor * ff_o_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * ff_o_b;
-
-    // layernorm 2
-    struct ggml_tensor * ln_2_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * ln_2_b;
-};
-
-struct clip_vision_model {
-    struct clip_hparams hparams;
-
-    // embeddings
-    struct ggml_tensor * class_embedding;
-    struct ggml_tensor * patch_embeddings_0;
-    struct ggml_tensor * patch_embeddings_1;  // second Conv2D kernel when we decouple Conv3D along temproal dimension (Qwen2VL)
-    struct ggml_tensor * patch_bias;
-    struct ggml_tensor * position_embeddings;
-
-    struct ggml_tensor * pre_ln_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * pre_ln_b;
-
-    std::vector<clip_layer> layers;
-
-    struct ggml_tensor * post_ln_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * post_ln_b;
-
-    struct ggml_tensor * projection;
-
-    // LLaVA projection
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_0_w = NULL;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_0_b = NULL;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_2_w = NULL;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_2_b = NULL;
-
-    struct ggml_tensor * image_newline = NULL;
-
-    // Yi type models with mlp+normalization projection
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_1_w = NULL; // Yi type models have 0, 1, 3, 4
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_1_b = NULL;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_3_w = NULL;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_3_b = NULL;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_4_w = NULL;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_4_b = NULL;
-
-    //GLMV-Edge projection
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_adapter_conv_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_adapter_conv_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * boi_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * eoi_w;
-
-    // MobileVLM projection
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_mlp_1_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_mlp_1_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_mlp_3_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_mlp_3_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_1_block_0_0_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_1_block_0_1_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_1_block_0_1_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_1_block_1_fc1_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_1_block_1_fc1_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_1_block_1_fc2_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_1_block_1_fc2_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_1_block_2_0_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_1_block_2_1_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_1_block_2_1_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_2_block_0_0_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_2_block_0_1_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_2_block_0_1_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_2_block_1_fc1_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_2_block_1_fc1_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_2_block_1_fc2_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_2_block_1_fc2_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_2_block_2_0_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_2_block_2_1_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_block_2_block_2_1_b;
-
-    // MobileVLM_V2 projection
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_mlp_0_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_mlp_0_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_mlp_2_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_mlp_2_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_peg_0_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_peg_0_b;
-
-    // MINICPMV projection
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_pos_embed_k;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_query;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_proj;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_kv_proj;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_attn_q_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_attn_q_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_attn_k_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_attn_k_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_attn_v_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_attn_v_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_attn_o_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_attn_o_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_ln_q_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_ln_q_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_ln_kv_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_ln_kv_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_ln_post_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_model_ln_post_b;
-
-    // gemma3
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_input_proj_w;
-    struct ggml_tensor * mm_soft_emb_norm_w;
-};
-
-struct clip_ctx {
-    bool has_text_encoder    = false;
-    bool has_vision_encoder  = false;
-    bool has_llava_projector = false;
-    bool has_minicpmv_projector = false;
-    bool has_glm_projector = false;
-    bool has_qwen2vl_merger = false;
-    int minicpmv_version = 2;
-
-    struct clip_vision_model vision_model;
-    projector_type proj_type = PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP;
-
-    int32_t max_feature_layer; // unused in newer models like gemma3
-    float image_mean[3];
-    float image_std[3];
-    bool use_gelu = false;
-    bool use_silu = false;
-    int32_t ftype = 1;
-
-    bool has_class_embedding = true;
-    bool has_pre_norm = true;
-    bool has_post_norm = false;
-    bool has_patch_bias = false;
-
-    struct gguf_context * ctx_gguf = nullptr;
-    struct ggml_context * ctx_data = nullptr;
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> buf_compute_meta;
-
-    std::vector<ggml_backend_t> backend_ptrs;
-    std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> backend_buft;
-
-    ggml_backend_t backend     = nullptr;
-    ggml_backend_t backend_cpu = nullptr;
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buf  = nullptr;
-
-    ggml_backend_sched_ptr sched;
-
-    struct clip_image_size * load_image_size = nullptr;
-
-    clip_ctx(clip_context_params & ctx_params) {
-        backend_cpu = ggml_backend_init_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU, nullptr);
-        backend     = ctx_params.use_gpu
-                        ? ggml_backend_init_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU, nullptr)
-                        : nullptr;
-
-        if (backend) {
-            LOG_INF("%s: CLIP using %s backend\n", __func__, ggml_backend_name(backend));
-            backend_ptrs.push_back(backend);
-            backend_buft.push_back(ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(backend));
-        } else {
-            backend = backend_cpu;
-            LOG_INF("%s: CLIP using CPU backend\n", __func__);
-        }
-
-        backend_ptrs.push_back(backend_cpu);
-        backend_buft.push_back(ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(backend_cpu));
-
-        sched.reset(
-            ggml_backend_sched_new(backend_ptrs.data(), backend_buft.data(), backend_ptrs.size(), 8192, false)
-        );
-    }
-
-    ~clip_ctx() {
-        ggml_free(ctx_data);
-        gguf_free(ctx_gguf);
-        ggml_backend_buffer_free(buf);
-        ggml_backend_free(backend);
-        if (backend_cpu != backend) {
-            ggml_backend_free(backend_cpu);
-        }
-    }
-};
-
-static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph_siglip(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32_batch * imgs) {
-    const auto & model = ctx->vision_model;
-    const auto & hparams = model.hparams;
-
-    const int image_size = hparams.image_size;
-    int image_size_width  = image_size;
-    int image_size_height = image_size;
-
-    const int patch_size           = hparams.patch_size;
-    const int num_patches          = ((image_size_width / patch_size) * (image_size_height / patch_size));
-    const int hidden_size          = hparams.hidden_size;
-    const int n_head               = hparams.n_head;
-    const int d_head               = hidden_size / n_head;
-    const int n_layer              = hparams.n_layer;
-    const float eps                = hparams.eps;
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(imgs->size == 1); // batch_size == 1
-
-    struct ggml_init_params params = {
-        /*.mem_size   =*/ ctx->buf_compute_meta.size(),
-        /*.mem_buffer =*/ ctx->buf_compute_meta.data(),
-        /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
-    };
-
-    struct ggml_context * ctx0 = ggml_init(params);
-    struct ggml_cgraph * gf = ggml_new_graph(ctx0);
-
-    // input raw
-    struct ggml_tensor * inp_raw = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, image_size_width, image_size_height, 3);
-    ggml_set_name(inp_raw, "inp_raw");
-    ggml_set_input(inp_raw);
-
-    struct ggml_tensor * inp = ggml_conv_2d(ctx0, model.patch_embeddings_0, inp_raw, patch_size, patch_size, 0, 0, 1, 1);
-    inp = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, inp, num_patches, hidden_size);
-    inp = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, inp));
-    inp = ggml_add(ctx0, inp, model.patch_bias);
-
-    // position embeddings
-    struct ggml_tensor * embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, inp, model.position_embeddings);
-
-    // loop over layers
-    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; il++) {
-        struct ggml_tensor * cur = embeddings; // embeddings = residual, cur = hidden_states
-
-        // layernorm1
-        {
-            cur = ggml_norm(ctx0, cur, eps);
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].ln_1_w), model.layers[il].ln_1_b);
-        }
-
-        // self-attention
-        {
-
-            struct ggml_tensor * Q =
-                ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].q_w, cur), model.layers[il].q_b);
-
-            Q = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Q, d_head, n_head, num_patches);
-            Q = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, Q, 0, 2, 1, 3));
-
-            struct ggml_tensor * K =
-                ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].k_w, cur), model.layers[il].k_b);
-
-            K = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, K, d_head, n_head, num_patches);
-            K = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, K, 0, 2, 1, 3));
-
-            struct ggml_tensor * V =
-                ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].v_w, cur), model.layers[il].v_b);
-
-            V = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, V, d_head, n_head, num_patches);
-            V = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, V, 1, 2, 0, 3));
-
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQ = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, K, Q);
-            KQ = ggml_scale_inplace(ctx0, KQ, 1.0f / sqrtf((float)d_head));
-            KQ = ggml_soft_max_inplace(ctx0, KQ);
-
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQV = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, V, KQ);
-            KQV = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, KQV, d_head, num_patches, n_head);
-            KQV = ggml_permute(ctx0, KQV, 0, 2, 1, 3);
-
-            cur = ggml_cont_2d(ctx0, KQV, hidden_size, num_patches);
-        }
-
-        // attention output
-        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].o_w, cur), model.layers[il].o_b);
-
-        // re-add the layer input, e.g., residual
-        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, embeddings);
-
-        embeddings = cur; // embeddings = residual, cur = hidden_states
-
-        // layernorm2
-        {
-            cur = ggml_norm(ctx0, cur, eps);
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].ln_2_w), model.layers[il].ln_2_b);
-        }
-
-        cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].ff_i_w, cur);
-        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].ff_i_b);
-
-        // siglip uses gelu
-        cur = ggml_gelu(ctx0, cur);
-
-        cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].ff_o_w, cur);
-        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].ff_o_b);
-
-        // residual 2
-        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, embeddings, cur);
-
-        embeddings = cur;
-    }
-
-    // post-layernorm
-    if (ctx->has_post_norm) {
-        embeddings = ggml_norm(ctx0, embeddings, eps);
-        ggml_set_name(embeddings, "post_ln");
-
-        embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, embeddings, model.post_ln_w), model.post_ln_b);
-    }
-
-    if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_GEMMA3) {
-        const int batch_size = 1;
-        const int mm_tokens_per_image = 256; // default value for gemma3
-        const int tokens_per_side = sqrt(mm_tokens_per_image);
-        const int patches_per_image = sqrt(num_patches);
-        const int kernel_size = patches_per_image / tokens_per_side;
-
-        embeddings = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, embeddings));
-        embeddings = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, embeddings, patches_per_image, patches_per_image, hidden_size, batch_size);
-
-        // doing a pool2d to reduce the number of output tokens to 256
-        embeddings = ggml_pool_2d(ctx0, embeddings, GGML_OP_POOL_AVG, kernel_size, kernel_size, kernel_size, kernel_size, 0, 0);
-        embeddings = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, embeddings, embeddings->ne[0] * embeddings->ne[0], hidden_size, batch_size);
-        embeddings = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, embeddings));
-
-        // apply norm before projection
-        embeddings = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, embeddings, eps);
-        embeddings = ggml_mul(ctx0, embeddings, model.mm_soft_emb_norm_w);
-
-        // apply projection
-        embeddings = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
-            ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, model.mm_input_proj_w)),
-            embeddings);
-    }
-
-    // build the graph
-    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, embeddings);
-
-    ggml_free(ctx0);
-
-    return gf;
-}
-
-static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph_legacy(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32_batch * imgs, struct clip_image_size * load_image_size, bool is_inf = false) {
-    if (!ctx->has_vision_encoder) {
-        LOG_ERR("This gguf file seems to have no vision encoder\n");
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    const auto & model = ctx->vision_model;
-    const auto & hparams = model.hparams;
-
-    const int image_size = hparams.image_size;
-    int image_size_width  = image_size;
-    int image_size_height = image_size;
-    if (ctx->has_minicpmv_projector) {
-        if (load_image_size == nullptr) {
-            load_image_size = clip_image_size_init();
-        }
-        LOG_DBG("%s: %d %d\n", __func__, load_image_size->width, load_image_size->height);
-        image_size_width  = load_image_size->width;
-        image_size_height = load_image_size->height;
-        if (is_inf) {
-            image_size_width  = imgs->data->nx;
-            image_size_height = imgs->data->ny;
-        }
-    }
-    else if (ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) {
-        // use the image's native resolution when image is avaible
-        if (is_inf) {
-        // if (imgs->data->nx && imgs->data->ny) {
-            image_size_width  = imgs->data->nx;
-            image_size_height = imgs->data->ny;
-        }
-    }
-    const int patch_size           = hparams.patch_size;
-    const int num_patches          = ((image_size_width / patch_size) * (image_size_height / patch_size));
-    const int patches_w            = image_size_width / patch_size;
-    const int patches_h            = image_size_height / patch_size;
-    const int num_positions        = num_patches + (ctx->has_class_embedding ? 1 : 0);
-    const int num_position_ids     = ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger ? num_positions * 4 : num_positions;
-    const int hidden_size          = hparams.hidden_size;
-    const int n_head               = hparams.n_head;
-    const int d_head               = hidden_size / n_head;
-    const float eps                = hparams.eps;
-    int mrope_sections[4] = {d_head/4, d_head/4, d_head/4, d_head/4};
-
-    const int batch_size = imgs->size;
-
-    if (ctx->has_llava_projector || ctx->has_minicpmv_projector || ctx->has_glm_projector) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(batch_size == 1);
-    }
-
-    struct ggml_init_params params = {
-        /*.mem_size   =*/ ctx->buf_compute_meta.size(),
-        /*.mem_buffer =*/ ctx->buf_compute_meta.data(),
-        /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
-    };
-
-    struct ggml_context * ctx0 = ggml_init(params);
-    struct ggml_cgraph * gf = ggml_new_graph(ctx0);
-
-    struct ggml_tensor * inp_raw = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, image_size_width, image_size_height, 3, batch_size);
-    ggml_set_name(inp_raw, "inp_raw");
-    ggml_set_input(inp_raw);
-
-    struct ggml_tensor * inp = ggml_conv_2d(ctx0, model.patch_embeddings_0, inp_raw, patch_size, patch_size, 0, 0, 1, 1);
-
-    if (ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(image_size_width % (patch_size * 2) == 0);
-        GGML_ASSERT(image_size_height % (patch_size * 2) == 0);
-
-        auto inp_1 = ggml_conv_2d(ctx0, model.patch_embeddings_1, inp_raw, patch_size, patch_size, 0, 0, 1, 1);
-        inp = ggml_add(ctx0, inp, inp_1);
-        inp = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, inp, 1, 2, 0, 3));  // [w, h, c, b] -> [c, w, h, b]
-        inp = ggml_reshape_4d(
-            ctx0, inp,
-            hidden_size * 2, patches_w / 2, patches_h, batch_size);
-        inp = ggml_reshape_4d(
-            ctx0, inp,
-            hidden_size * 2, patches_w / 2, 2, batch_size * (patches_h / 2));
-        inp = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, inp, 0, 2, 1, 3));
-        inp = ggml_reshape_3d(
-            ctx0, inp,
-            hidden_size, patches_w * patches_h, batch_size);
-    }
-    else {
-        inp = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, inp, num_patches, hidden_size, batch_size);
-        inp = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, inp, 1, 0, 2, 3));
-    }
-
-    if (ctx->has_patch_bias) {
-        // inp = ggml_add(ctx0, inp, ggml_repeat(ctx0, model.patch_bias, inp));
-        inp = ggml_add(ctx0, inp, model.patch_bias);
-    }
-    struct ggml_tensor * embeddings = inp;
-    struct ggml_tensor * pos_embed = nullptr;
-
-    if (ctx->has_llava_projector) {
-        // concat class_embeddings and patch_embeddings
-        if (ctx->has_class_embedding) {
-            embeddings = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, hidden_size, num_positions, batch_size);
-            ggml_set_name(embeddings, "embeddings");
-            ggml_set_input(embeddings);
-            embeddings = ggml_acc(ctx0, embeddings, model.class_embedding,
-                    embeddings->nb[1], embeddings->nb[2], embeddings->nb[3], 0);
-            embeddings = ggml_acc(ctx0, embeddings, inp,
-                    embeddings->nb[1], embeddings->nb[2], embeddings->nb[3], model.class_embedding->nb[1]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    struct ggml_tensor * positions = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, num_position_ids);
-    ggml_set_name(positions, "positions");
-    ggml_set_input(positions);
-
-    if (!ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) { // qwen2vl use rope position embedding
-        embeddings =
-            ggml_add(ctx0, embeddings, ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model.position_embeddings, positions));
-    }
-
-    if (ctx->has_minicpmv_projector) {
-        int pos_w = image_size_width/patch_size;
-        int pos_h = image_size_height/patch_size;
-        if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 2) {
-            pos_embed = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, 4096, pos_w * pos_h, 1);
-        }
-        else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 3) {
-            pos_embed = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, 3584, pos_w * pos_h, 1);
-        }
-        else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 4) {
-            pos_embed = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, 3584, pos_w * pos_h, 1);
-        }
-        ggml_set_name(pos_embed, "pos_embed");
-        ggml_set_input(pos_embed);
-    }
-
-    // pre-layernorm
-    if (ctx->has_pre_norm) {
-        embeddings = ggml_norm(ctx0, embeddings, eps);
-        ggml_set_name(embeddings, "pre_ln");
-
-        embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, embeddings, model.pre_ln_w), model.pre_ln_b);
-    }
-
-    std::vector<struct ggml_tensor *> embedding_stack;
-    const auto & vision_feature_layer = hparams.vision_feature_layer;
-
-    // loop over layers
-    for (int il = 0; il < ctx->max_feature_layer; il++) {
-        struct ggml_tensor * cur = embeddings; // embeddings = residual, cur = hidden_states
-
-        // If this is an embedding feature layer, save the output.
-        // NOTE: 0 index here refers to the input to the encoder.
-        if (vision_feature_layer.find(il) != vision_feature_layer.end()) {
-            embedding_stack.push_back(embeddings);
-        }
-
-        //const size_t nb_q_w = model.layers[il].q_w->nb[0];
-
-        // layernorm1
-        {
-            cur = ggml_norm(ctx0, cur, eps);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].ln_1_w),
-                           model.layers[il].ln_1_b);
-        }
-
-        // self-attention
-        {
-
-            struct ggml_tensor * Q =
-                ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].q_w, cur), model.layers[il].q_b);
-
-            Q = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, Q, d_head, n_head, num_positions, batch_size);
-            if (ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) {
-                Q = ggml_rope_multi(
-                    ctx0, Q, positions, nullptr,
-                    d_head/2, mrope_sections, GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION, 32768, 10000, 1, 0, 1, 32, 1);
-            }
-            Q = ggml_scale_inplace(ctx0, Q, 1.0f / sqrt((float)d_head));
-            Q = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, Q, 0, 2, 1, 3));
-            Q = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Q, d_head, num_positions, n_head * batch_size);
-
-            struct ggml_tensor * K =
-                ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].k_w, cur), model.layers[il].k_b);
-
-            K = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, K, d_head, n_head, num_positions, batch_size);
-            if (ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) {
-                K = ggml_rope_multi(
-                    ctx0, K, positions, nullptr,
-                    d_head/2, mrope_sections, GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION, 32768, 10000, 1, 0, 1, 32, 1);
-            }
-            K = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, K, 0, 2, 1, 3));
-            K = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, K, d_head, num_positions, n_head * batch_size);
-
-            struct ggml_tensor * V =
-                ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].v_w, cur), model.layers[il].v_b);
-
-            V = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, V, d_head, n_head, num_positions, batch_size);
-            V = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, V, 1, 2, 0, 3));
-            V = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, V, num_positions, d_head, n_head * batch_size);
-
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQ = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, K, Q);
-            KQ = ggml_soft_max_inplace(ctx0, KQ);
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQV = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, V, KQ);
-            KQV = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, KQV, d_head, num_positions, n_head, batch_size);
-            KQV = ggml_permute(ctx0, KQV, 0, 2, 1, 3);
-
-            cur = ggml_cont_3d(ctx0, KQV, hidden_size, num_positions, batch_size);
-        }
-
-        // attention output
-        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].o_w, cur), model.layers[il].o_b);
-
-        // re-add the layer input, e.g., residual
-        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, embeddings);
-
-        embeddings = cur; // embeddings = residual, cur = hidden_states
-
-        // layernorm2
-        {
-            cur = ggml_norm(ctx0, cur, eps);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].ln_2_w), model.layers[il].ln_2_b);
-        }
-
-        cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].ff_i_w, cur);
-        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].ff_i_b);
-
-        if (ctx->use_gelu) {
-            cur = ggml_gelu_inplace(ctx0, cur);
-        } else if (ctx->use_silu) {
-            cur = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx0, cur);
-        } else {
-            cur = ggml_gelu_quick_inplace(ctx0, cur);
-        }
-
-        cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].ff_o_w, cur);
-        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].ff_o_b);
-
-        // residual 2
-        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, embeddings, cur);
-
-        embeddings = cur;
-    }
-
-    // post-layernorm
-    if (ctx->has_post_norm) {
-        embeddings = ggml_norm(ctx0, embeddings, eps);
-        ggml_set_name(embeddings, "post_ln");
-
-        embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, embeddings, model.post_ln_w), model.post_ln_b);
-    }
-
-    // final layer is a vision feature layer
-    if (vision_feature_layer.find(ctx->max_feature_layer) != vision_feature_layer.end()) {
-        embedding_stack.push_back(embeddings);
-    }
-
-    // If feature layers are explicitly set, stack them (if we have multiple)
-    if (!embedding_stack.empty()) {
-        embeddings = embedding_stack[0];
-        for (size_t i = 1; i < embedding_stack.size(); i++) {
-            embeddings = ggml_concat(ctx0, embeddings, embedding_stack[i], 0);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // llava projector
-    if (ctx->has_llava_projector) {
-        embeddings = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, embeddings, embeddings->ne[0], embeddings->ne[1]);
-
-        struct ggml_tensor * patches = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, num_patches);
-        ggml_set_name(patches, "patches");
-        ggml_set_input(patches);
-
-        // shape [1, 576, 1024]
-        // ne is whcn, ne = [1024, 576, 1, 1]
-        embeddings = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, embeddings, patches);
-
-        // print_tensor_info(embeddings, "embeddings");
-
-        // llava projector
-        if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP) {
-            embeddings = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_0_w, embeddings);
-            embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, embeddings, model.mm_0_b);
-
-            embeddings = ggml_gelu(ctx0, embeddings);
-            embeddings = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_2_w, embeddings);
-            embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, embeddings, model.mm_2_b);
-        }
-        else if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP_NORM) {
-            embeddings = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_0_w, embeddings);
-            embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, embeddings, model.mm_0_b);
-            // ggml_tensor_printf(embeddings, "mm_0_w",0,true,false);
-            // First LayerNorm
-            embeddings = ggml_norm(ctx0, embeddings, eps);
-            embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, embeddings, model.mm_1_w),
-                                model.mm_1_b);
-
-            // GELU activation
-            embeddings = ggml_gelu(ctx0, embeddings);
-
-            // Second linear layer
-            embeddings = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_3_w, embeddings);
-            embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, embeddings, model.mm_3_b);
-
-            // Second LayerNorm
-            embeddings = ggml_norm(ctx0, embeddings, eps);
-            embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, embeddings, model.mm_4_w),
-                                model.mm_4_b);
-        }
-        else if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDP) {
-            // MobileVLM projector
-            int n_patch = 24;
-            struct ggml_tensor * mlp_1 = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_mlp_1_w, embeddings);
-            mlp_1 = ggml_add(ctx0, mlp_1, model.mm_model_mlp_1_b);
-            mlp_1 = ggml_gelu(ctx0, mlp_1);
-            struct ggml_tensor * mlp_3 = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_mlp_3_w, mlp_1);
-            mlp_3 = ggml_add(ctx0, mlp_3, model.mm_model_mlp_3_b);
-            // mlp_3 shape = [1, 576, 2048], ne = [2048, 576, 1, 1]
-
-            // block 1
-            struct ggml_tensor * block_1 = nullptr;
-            {
-                // transpose from [1, 576, 2048] --> [1, 2048, 576] --> [1, 2048, 24, 24]
-                mlp_3 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, mlp_3, 1, 0, 2, 3));
-                mlp_3 = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, mlp_3, n_patch, n_patch, mlp_3->ne[1], mlp_3->ne[2]);
-                // stride = 1, padding = 1, bias is nullptr
-                block_1 = ggml_conv_2d_dw(ctx0, model.mm_model_block_1_block_0_0_w, mlp_3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
-
-                // layer norm
-                // // block_1 shape = [1, 2048, 24, 24], ne = [24, 24, 2048, 1]
-                block_1 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, block_1, 1, 2, 0, 3));
-                // block_1 shape = [1, 24, 24, 2048], ne = [2048, 24, 24, 1]
-                block_1 = ggml_norm(ctx0, block_1, eps);
-                block_1 = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, block_1, model.mm_model_block_1_block_0_1_w), model.mm_model_block_1_block_0_1_b);
-                block_1 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, block_1, 2, 0, 1, 3));
-
-                // block_1 shape = [1, 2048, 24, 24], ne = [24, 24, 2048, 1]
-                // hardswish
-                struct ggml_tensor * block_1_hw = ggml_hardswish(ctx0, block_1);
-
-                block_1 = ggml_pool_2d(ctx0, block_1_hw, GGML_OP_POOL_AVG, block_1_hw->ne[0], block_1_hw->ne[1], block_1_hw->ne[0], block_1_hw->ne[1], 0, 0);
-                // block_1 shape = [1, 2048, 1, 1], ne = [1, 1, 2048, 1]
-                // pointwise conv
-                block_1 = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, block_1, block_1->ne[0]*block_1->ne[1]*block_1->ne[2], block_1->ne[3]);
-                block_1 = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_block_1_block_1_fc1_w, block_1);
-                block_1 = ggml_add(ctx0, block_1, model.mm_model_block_1_block_1_fc1_b);
-                block_1 = ggml_relu(ctx0, block_1);
-                block_1 = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_block_1_block_1_fc2_w, block_1);
-                block_1 = ggml_add(ctx0, block_1, model.mm_model_block_1_block_1_fc2_b);
-                block_1 = ggml_hardsigmoid(ctx0, block_1);
-                // block_1_hw shape = [1, 2048, 24, 24], ne = [24, 24, 2048, 1], block_1 shape = [1, 2048], ne = [2048, 1, 1, 1]
-                block_1 = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, block_1, 1, 1, block_1->ne[0], block_1->ne[1]);
-                block_1 = ggml_mul(ctx0, block_1_hw, block_1);
-
-                int w = block_1->ne[0], h = block_1->ne[1];
-                block_1 = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, block_1, w*h, block_1->ne[2], block_1->ne[3]);
-                block_1 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, block_1, 1, 0, 2, 3));
-
-                // block_1 shape = [1, 24*24, 2048], ne = [24*24, 2048, 1]
-                block_1 = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_block_1_block_2_0_w, block_1);
-                block_1 = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, block_1, block_1->ne[0], w, h, block_1->ne[3]);
-
-                // block_1 shape = [1, 24, 24, 2048], ne = [2048, 24, 24, 1]
-                block_1 = ggml_norm(ctx0, block_1, eps);
-                block_1 = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, block_1, model.mm_model_block_1_block_2_1_w), model.mm_model_block_1_block_2_1_b);
-                block_1 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, block_1, 2, 0, 1, 3));
-                // block1 shape = [1, 2048, 24, 24], ne = [24, 24, 2048, 1]
-                // residual
-                block_1 = ggml_add(ctx0, mlp_3, block_1);
-            }
-
-            // block_2
-            {
-                // stride = 2
-                block_1 = ggml_conv_2d_dw(ctx0, model.mm_model_block_2_block_0_0_w, block_1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1);
-
-                // block_1 shape = [1, 2048, 12, 12], ne = [12, 12, 2048, 1]
-                // layer norm
-                block_1 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, block_1, 1, 2, 0, 3));
-                // block_1 shape = [1, 12, 12, 2048], ne = [2048, 12, 12, 1]
-                block_1 = ggml_norm(ctx0, block_1, eps);
-                block_1 = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, block_1, model.mm_model_block_2_block_0_1_w), model.mm_model_block_2_block_0_1_b);
-                block_1 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, block_1, 2, 0, 1, 3));
-                // block_1 shape = [1, 2048, 12, 12], ne = [12, 12, 2048, 1]
-                // hardswish
-                struct ggml_tensor * block_1_hw = ggml_hardswish(ctx0, block_1);
-
-                // not sure the parameters is right for globalAvgPooling
-                block_1 = ggml_pool_2d(ctx0, block_1_hw, GGML_OP_POOL_AVG, block_1_hw->ne[0], block_1_hw->ne[1], block_1_hw->ne[0], block_1_hw->ne[1], 0, 0);
-                // block_1 shape = [1, 2048, 1, 1], ne = [1, 1, 2048, 1]
-                // pointwise conv
-                block_1 = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, block_1, block_1->ne[0]*block_1->ne[1]*block_1->ne[2], block_1->ne[3]);
-                block_1 = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_block_2_block_1_fc1_w, block_1);
-                block_1 = ggml_add(ctx0, block_1, model.mm_model_block_2_block_1_fc1_b);
-                block_1 = ggml_relu(ctx0, block_1);
-                block_1 = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_block_2_block_1_fc2_w, block_1);
-                block_1 = ggml_add(ctx0, block_1, model.mm_model_block_2_block_1_fc2_b);
-                block_1 = ggml_hardsigmoid(ctx0, block_1);
-
-                // block_1_hw shape = [1, 2048, 12, 12], ne = [12, 12, 2048, 1], block_1 shape = [1, 2048, 1, 1], ne = [1, 1, 2048, 1]
-                block_1 = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, block_1, 1, 1, block_1->ne[0], block_1->ne[1]);
-                block_1 = ggml_mul(ctx0, block_1_hw, block_1);
-
-                int w = block_1->ne[0], h = block_1->ne[1];
-                block_1 = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, block_1, w*h, block_1->ne[2], block_1->ne[3]);
-                block_1 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, block_1, 1, 0, 2, 3));
-                // block_1 shape = [1, 24*24, 2048], ne = [24*24, 2048, 1]
-                block_1 = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_block_2_block_2_0_w, block_1);
-                block_1 = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, block_1, block_1->ne[0], w, h, block_1->ne[3]);
-
-
-                // block_1 shape = [1, 12, 12, 2048], ne = [2048, 12, 12, 1]
-                block_1 = ggml_norm(ctx0, block_1, eps);
-                block_1 = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, block_1, model.mm_model_block_2_block_2_1_w), model.mm_model_block_2_block_2_1_b);
-                block_1 = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, block_1, block_1->ne[0], block_1->ne[1] * block_1->ne[2], block_1->ne[3]);
-                // block_1 shape = [1, 144, 2048], ne = [2048, 144, 1]
-            }
-            embeddings = block_1;
-        }
-        else if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDPV2)
-        {
-            int n_patch = 24;
-            struct ggml_tensor * mlp_0 = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_mlp_0_w, embeddings);
-            mlp_0 = ggml_add(ctx0, mlp_0, model.mm_model_mlp_0_b);
-            mlp_0 = ggml_gelu(ctx0, mlp_0);
-            struct ggml_tensor * mlp_2 = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_mlp_2_w, mlp_0);
-            mlp_2 = ggml_add(ctx0, mlp_2, model.mm_model_mlp_2_b);
-            // mlp_2 ne = [2048, 576, 1, 1]
-            // // AVG Pool Layer 2*2, strides = 2
-            mlp_2 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, mlp_2, 1, 0, 2, 3));
-            // mlp_2 ne = [576, 2048, 1, 1]
-            mlp_2 = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, mlp_2, n_patch, n_patch, mlp_2->ne[1], mlp_2->ne[2]);
-            // mlp_2 ne [24, 24, 2048, 1]
-            mlp_2 = ggml_pool_2d(ctx0, mlp_2, GGML_OP_POOL_AVG, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0);
-            // weight ne = [3, 3, 2048, 1]
-            struct ggml_tensor * peg_0 = ggml_conv_2d_dw(ctx0, model.mm_model_peg_0_w, mlp_2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
-            peg_0 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, peg_0, 1, 2, 0, 3));
-            peg_0 = ggml_add(ctx0, peg_0, model.mm_model_peg_0_b);
-            mlp_2 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, mlp_2, 1, 2, 0, 3));
-            peg_0 = ggml_add(ctx0, peg_0, mlp_2);
-            peg_0 = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, peg_0, peg_0->ne[0], peg_0->ne[1] * peg_0->ne[2], peg_0->ne[3]);
-            embeddings = peg_0;
-        }
-        else {
-            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-        }
-    }
-    // minicpmv projector
-    else if (ctx->has_minicpmv_projector)
-    {
-        if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_RESAMPLER) {
-            struct ggml_tensor * q = model.mm_model_query;
-            { // layernorm
-                q = ggml_norm(ctx0, q, eps);
-                q = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, q, model.mm_model_ln_q_w), model.mm_model_ln_q_b);
-            }
-            struct ggml_tensor * v = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_kv_proj, embeddings);
-            { // layernorm
-                v = ggml_norm(ctx0, v, eps);
-                v = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, v, model.mm_model_ln_kv_w), model.mm_model_ln_kv_b);
-            }
-            struct ggml_tensor * k;
-            { // position
-                // q = ggml_add(ctx0, q, model.mm_model_pos_embed);
-                k = ggml_add(ctx0, v, pos_embed);
-            }
-
-            { // attention
-                int hidden_size = 4096;
-                const int d_head = 128;
-                int n_head = hidden_size/d_head;
-                int num_query = 96;
-                if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 2) {
-                    hidden_size = 4096;
-                    n_head = hidden_size/d_head;
-                    num_query = 96;
-                }
-                else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 3) {
-                    hidden_size = 3584;
-                    n_head = hidden_size/d_head;
-                    num_query = 64;
-                }
-                else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 4) {
-                    hidden_size = 3584;
-                    n_head = hidden_size/d_head;
-                    num_query = 64;
-                }
-
-                struct ggml_tensor * Q = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_attn_q_w, q), model.mm_model_attn_q_b);
-                Q = ggml_scale_inplace(ctx0, Q, 1.0f / sqrt((float)d_head));
-                struct ggml_tensor * K = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_attn_k_w, k), model.mm_model_attn_k_b);
-                struct ggml_tensor * V = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_attn_v_w, v), model.mm_model_attn_v_b);
-                // permute
-                Q = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, Q, d_head, n_head, num_query, batch_size);
-                Q = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, Q, 0, 2, 1, 3));
-                Q = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Q, d_head, num_query, n_head * batch_size);
-                K = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, K, d_head, n_head, num_positions, batch_size);
-                K = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, K, 0, 2, 1, 3));
-                K = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, K, d_head, num_positions, n_head * batch_size);
-                V = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, V, d_head, n_head, num_positions, batch_size);
-                V = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, V, 1, 2, 0, 3));
-                V = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, V, num_positions, d_head, n_head * batch_size);
-                struct ggml_tensor * KQ = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, K, Q);
-                KQ = ggml_soft_max_inplace(ctx0, KQ);
-                struct ggml_tensor * KQV = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, V, KQ);
-                KQV = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, KQV, d_head, num_query, n_head, batch_size);
-                KQV = ggml_permute(ctx0, KQV, 0, 2, 1, 3);
-                KQV = ggml_cont_3d(ctx0, KQV, hidden_size, num_query, batch_size);
-
-                embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_attn_o_w, KQV), model.mm_model_attn_o_b);
-            }
-            { // layernorm
-                embeddings = ggml_norm(ctx0, embeddings, eps);
-                embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, embeddings, model.mm_model_ln_post_w), model.mm_model_ln_post_b);
-            }
-            embeddings = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_proj, embeddings);
-        }
-        else {
-            GGML_ASSERT(false);
-        }
-    }
-    // glm projector
-    else if (ctx->has_glm_projector) {
-        if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_GLM_EDGE) {
-            size_t gridsz = (size_t)sqrt(embeddings->ne[1]);
-            embeddings = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0,embeddings,1,0,2,3));
-            embeddings = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, embeddings, gridsz, gridsz, embeddings->ne[1]);
-            embeddings = ggml_conv_2d(ctx0, model.mm_model_adapter_conv_w, embeddings, 2, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1);
-            embeddings = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, embeddings,embeddings->ne[0]*embeddings->ne[1] , embeddings->ne[2], batch_size);
-            embeddings = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0,embeddings, 1, 0, 2, 3));
-            embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, embeddings, model.mm_model_adapter_conv_b);
-            //GLU
-            {
-                embeddings = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_mlp_0_w, embeddings);
-                embeddings = ggml_norm(ctx0, embeddings, eps);
-                embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, embeddings, model.mm_model_ln_q_w), model.mm_model_ln_q_b);
-                embeddings = ggml_gelu_inplace(ctx0, embeddings);
-                struct ggml_tensor * x = embeddings;
-                embeddings = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_mlp_2_w, embeddings);
-                x = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_mlp_1_w,x);
-                embeddings = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx0, embeddings);
-                embeddings = ggml_mul(ctx0, embeddings,x);
-                embeddings = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_mlp_3_w, embeddings);
-            }
-        } else {
-            GGML_ABORT("fatel error");
-        }
-    }
-    else if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MERGER) {
-        embeddings = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, embeddings, hidden_size * 4, num_positions / 4, batch_size);
-
-        embeddings = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_0_w, embeddings);
-        embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, embeddings, model.mm_0_b);
-
-        // GELU activation
-        embeddings = ggml_gelu(ctx0, embeddings);
-
-        // Second linear layer
-        embeddings = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_1_w, embeddings);
-        embeddings = ggml_add(ctx0, embeddings, model.mm_1_b);
-    }
-
-    // build the graph
-    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, embeddings);
-
-    ggml_free(ctx0);
-
-    return gf;
-}
-
-static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32_batch * imgs, struct clip_image_size * load_image_size, bool is_inf = false) {
-    if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_GEMMA3) {
-        return clip_image_build_graph_siglip(ctx, imgs);
-    } else {
-        // TODO: we should have one build_* function per model
-        return clip_image_build_graph_legacy(ctx, imgs, load_image_size, is_inf);
-    }
-}
-
-// read and create ggml_context containing the tensors and their data
-struct clip_ctx * clip_model_load(const char * fname, const int verbosity = 1) {
-    return clip_init(fname, clip_context_params{
-        /* use_gpu */   true,
-        /* verbosity */ verbosity,
-    });
-}
-
-struct clip_ctx * clip_init(const char * fname, struct clip_context_params ctx_params) {
-    int verbosity = ctx_params.verbosity;
-    struct ggml_context * meta = NULL;
-
-    struct gguf_init_params params = {
-        /*.no_alloc = */ true,
-        /*.ctx      = */ &meta,
-    };
-
-    struct gguf_context * ctx = gguf_init_from_file(fname, params);
-    if (!ctx) {
-        throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: failed to load CLIP model from %s. Does this file exist?\n", __func__, fname));
-    }
-
-    if (verbosity >= 1) {
-        const int n_tensors = gguf_get_n_tensors(ctx);
-        const int n_kv = gguf_get_n_kv(ctx);
-        const int ftype = get_u32(ctx, KEY_FTYPE);
-        const std::string ftype_str = get_ftype(ftype);
-        const int idx_desc = get_key_idx(ctx, KEY_DESCRIPTION);
-        const std::string description = gguf_get_val_str(ctx, idx_desc);
-        const int idx_name = gguf_find_key(ctx, KEY_NAME);
-        if (idx_name != -1) { // make name optional temporarily as some of the uploaded models missing it due to a bug
-            const std::string name = gguf_get_val_str(ctx, idx_name);
-            LOG_INF("%s: model name:   %s\n", __func__, name.c_str());
-        }
-        LOG_INF("%s: description:  %s\n", __func__, description.c_str());
-        LOG_INF("%s: GGUF version: %d\n", __func__, gguf_get_version(ctx));
-        LOG_INF("%s: alignment:    %zu\n", __func__, gguf_get_alignment(ctx));
-        LOG_INF("%s: n_tensors:    %d\n", __func__, n_tensors);
-        LOG_INF("%s: n_kv:         %d\n", __func__, n_kv);
-        LOG_INF("%s: ftype:        %s\n", __func__, ftype_str.c_str());
-        LOG_INF("\n");
-    }
-    const int n_tensors = gguf_get_n_tensors(ctx);
-
-    // kv
-    const int n_kv = gguf_get_n_kv(ctx);
-    LOG_INF("%s: loaded meta data with %d key-value pairs and %d tensors from %s\n",
-        __func__, n_kv, n_tensors, fname);
-    {
-        std::map<enum ggml_type, uint32_t> n_type;
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < n_tensors; i++) {
-            enum ggml_type type = gguf_get_tensor_type(ctx, i);
-
-            n_type[type]++;
-        }
-
-        LOG_INF("%s: Dumping metadata keys/values. Note: KV overrides do not apply in this output.\n", __func__);
-        for (int i = 0; i < n_kv; i++) {
-            const char * name           = gguf_get_key(ctx, i);
-            const enum gguf_type type   = gguf_get_kv_type(ctx, i);
-            const std::string type_name =
-                type == GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY
-                ? format("%s[%s,%d]", gguf_type_name(type), gguf_type_name(gguf_get_arr_type(ctx, i)), gguf_get_arr_n(ctx, i))
-                : gguf_type_name(type);
-
-            std::string value          = gguf_kv_to_str(ctx, i);
-            const size_t MAX_VALUE_LEN = 40;
-            if (value.size() > MAX_VALUE_LEN) {
-                value = format("%s...", value.substr(0, MAX_VALUE_LEN - 3).c_str());
-            }
-            replace_all(value, "\n", "\\n");
-
-            LOG_INF("%s: - kv %3d: %42s %-16s = %s\n", __func__, i, name, type_name.c_str(), value.c_str());
-        }
-
-        // print type counts
-        for (auto & kv : n_type) {
-            if (kv.second == 0) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            LOG_INF("%s: - type %4s: %4d tensors\n", __func__, ggml_type_name(kv.first), kv.second);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // data
-    size_t model_size = 0;
-    {
-        for (int i = 0; i < n_tensors; ++i) {
-            const char * name = gguf_get_tensor_name(ctx, i);
-            const size_t offset = gguf_get_tensor_offset(ctx, i);
-            enum ggml_type type = gguf_get_tensor_type(ctx, i);
-            struct ggml_tensor * cur = ggml_get_tensor(meta, name);
-            size_t tensor_size = ggml_nbytes(cur);
-            model_size += tensor_size;
-            if (verbosity >= 3) {
-                LOG_INF("%s: tensor[%d]: n_dims = %d, name = %s, tensor_size=%zu, offset=%zu, shape:[%" PRIu64 ", %" PRIu64 ", %" PRIu64 ", %" PRIu64 "], type = %s\n",
-                       __func__, i, ggml_n_dims(cur), cur->name, tensor_size, offset, cur->ne[0], cur->ne[1], cur->ne[2], cur->ne[3], ggml_type_name(type));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    clip_ctx * new_clip = new clip_ctx(ctx_params);
-
-    // update projector type
-    {
-        int idx = gguf_find_key(ctx, KEY_PROJ_TYPE);
-        if (idx != -1) {
-            const std::string proj_type = gguf_get_val_str(ctx, idx);
-            new_clip->proj_type = clip_projector_type_from_string(proj_type);
-        } else {
-            new_clip->proj_type = PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP;
-        }
-
-        if (new_clip->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP) {
-            if (gguf_find_tensor(ctx, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 3, "weight").c_str()) != -1) {
-                new_clip->proj_type = PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP_NORM;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // model size and capabilities
-    {
-        int idx = get_key_idx(ctx, KEY_HAS_TEXT_ENC);
-        new_clip->has_text_encoder = gguf_get_val_bool(ctx, idx);
-
-        idx = get_key_idx(ctx, KEY_HAS_VIS_ENC);
-        new_clip->has_vision_encoder = gguf_get_val_bool(ctx, idx);
-
-        idx = gguf_find_key(ctx, KEY_HAS_LLAVA_PROJ);
-        if (idx != -1) {
-            new_clip->has_llava_projector = gguf_get_val_bool(ctx, idx);
-        }
-
-        idx = gguf_find_key(ctx, KEY_HAS_MINICPMV_PROJ);
-        if (idx != -1) {
-            new_clip->has_minicpmv_projector = gguf_get_val_bool(ctx, idx);
-        }
-
-        idx = gguf_find_key(ctx, KEY_MINICPMV_VERSION);
-        if (idx != -1) {
-            new_clip->minicpmv_version = gguf_get_val_i32(ctx, idx);
-        }
-
-        idx = gguf_find_key(ctx, KEY_HAS_GLM_PROJ);
-        if (idx != -1) {
-            new_clip->has_glm_projector = gguf_get_val_bool(ctx, idx);
-        }
-
-        idx = gguf_find_key(ctx, KEY_HAS_QWEN2VL_MERGER);
-        if (idx != -1) {
-            new_clip->has_qwen2vl_merger = gguf_get_val_bool(ctx, idx);
-        }
-        // GGML_ASSERT(new_clip->has_llava_projector); // see monatis/clip.cpp for image and/or text encoding for semantic search
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(new_clip->has_vision_encoder);
-        GGML_ASSERT(!new_clip->has_text_encoder);
-
-        try {
-            idx = get_key_idx(ctx, KEY_USE_GELU);
-            new_clip->use_gelu = gguf_get_val_bool(ctx, idx);
-        } catch (std::runtime_error & /*e*/) {
-            new_clip->use_gelu = false;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            idx = get_key_idx(ctx, KEY_USE_SILU);
-            new_clip->use_silu = gguf_get_val_bool(ctx, idx);
-        } catch (std::runtime_error & /*e*/) {
-            new_clip->use_silu = false;
-        }
-
-        if (verbosity >= 1) {
-            LOG_INF("%s: text_encoder:   %d\n", __func__, new_clip->has_text_encoder);
-            LOG_INF("%s: vision_encoder: %d\n", __func__, new_clip->has_vision_encoder);
-            LOG_INF("%s: llava_projector:  %d\n", __func__, new_clip->has_llava_projector);
-            LOG_INF("%s: minicpmv_projector:  %d\n", __func__, new_clip->has_minicpmv_projector);
-            LOG_INF("%s: minicpmv_version:  %d\n", __func__, new_clip->minicpmv_version);
-            LOG_INF("%s: glm_projector:  %d\n", __func__, new_clip->has_glm_projector);
-            LOG_INF("%s: model size:     %.2f MB\n", __func__, model_size / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-            LOG_INF("%s: metadata size:  %.2f MB\n", __func__, ggml_get_mem_size(meta) / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-        }
-    }
-
-    LOG_INF("%s: params backend buffer size = % 6.2f MB (%i tensors)\n", __func__, model_size / (1024.0 * 1024.0), n_tensors);
-
-    // load tensors
-    {
-        std::vector<uint8_t> read_buf;
-        struct ggml_init_params params = {
-            /*.mem_size =*/ (n_tensors + 1) * ggml_tensor_overhead(),
-            /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
-            /*.no_alloc =*/ true,
-        };
-
-        new_clip->ctx_data = ggml_init(params);
-        if (!new_clip->ctx_data) {
-            LOG_ERR("%s: ggml_init() failed\n", __func__);
-            clip_free(new_clip);
-            gguf_free(ctx);
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-
-        auto fin = std::ifstream(fname, std::ios::binary);
-        if (!fin) {
-            LOG_ERR("cannot open model file for loading tensors\n");
-            clip_free(new_clip);
-            gguf_free(ctx);
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-
-        // add tensors to context
-        for (int i = 0; i < n_tensors; ++i) {
-            const char * name = gguf_get_tensor_name(ctx, i);
-            struct ggml_tensor * t = ggml_get_tensor(meta, name);
-            struct ggml_tensor * cur = ggml_dup_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, t);
-            ggml_set_name(cur, name);
-        }
-
-        // alloc memory and offload data
-        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(new_clip->backend);
-        new_clip->buf = ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(new_clip->ctx_data, buft);
-        ggml_backend_buffer_set_usage(new_clip->buf, GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_WEIGHTS);
-        for (int i = 0; i < n_tensors; ++i) {
-            const char * name = gguf_get_tensor_name(ctx, i);
-            struct ggml_tensor * cur = ggml_get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, name);
-            const size_t offset = gguf_get_data_offset(ctx) + gguf_get_tensor_offset(ctx, i);
-            fin.seekg(offset, std::ios::beg);
-            if (!fin) {
-                LOG_ERR("%s: failed to seek for tensor %s\n", __func__, name);
-                clip_free(new_clip);
-                gguf_free(ctx);
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-            int num_bytes = ggml_nbytes(cur);
-            if (ggml_backend_buft_is_host(buft)) {
-                // for the CPU and Metal backend, we can read directly into the tensor
-                fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(cur->data), num_bytes);
-            } else {
-                // read into a temporary buffer first, then copy to device memory
-                read_buf.resize(num_bytes);
-                fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(read_buf.data()), num_bytes);
-                ggml_backend_tensor_set(cur, read_buf.data(), 0, num_bytes);
-            }
-        }
-        fin.close();
-    }
-
-    // vision model
-    if (new_clip->has_vision_encoder) {
-        // load vision model
-        auto & vision_model = new_clip->vision_model;
-        auto & hparams = vision_model.hparams;
-        hparams.hidden_size    = get_u32(ctx, format(KEY_N_EMBD, "vision"));
-        hparams.n_head         = get_u32(ctx, format(KEY_N_HEAD, "vision"));
-        hparams.n_intermediate = get_u32(ctx, format(KEY_N_FF, "vision"));
-        hparams.n_layer        = get_u32(ctx, format(KEY_N_BLOCK, "vision"));
-        hparams.image_size     = get_u32(ctx, KEY_IMAGE_SIZE);
-        hparams.patch_size     = get_u32(ctx, KEY_PATCH_SIZE);
-        hparams.projection_dim = get_u32(ctx, format(KEY_PROJ_DIM, "vision"));
-        hparams.eps            = get_f32(ctx, format(KEY_LAYER_NORM_EPS, "vision"));
-
-        try {
-            int idx = get_key_idx(ctx, KEY_IMAGE_GRID_PINPOINTS);
-            int n = gguf_get_arr_n(ctx, idx);
-            const int32_t * pinpoints = (const int32_t *)gguf_get_arr_data(ctx, idx);
-            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-                hparams.image_grid_pinpoints.push_back(pinpoints[i]);
-            }
-        } catch (std::runtime_error & /*e*/) { }
-
-        // Load the vision feature layer indices if they are explicitly provided;
-        // if multiple vision feature layers are present, the values will be concatenated
-        // to form the final visual features.
-        // NOTE: gguf conversions should standardize the values of the vision feature layer to
-        // be non-negative, since we use -1 to mark values as unset here.
-        try {
-            int idx = get_key_idx(ctx, KEY_FEATURE_LAYER);
-            int n = gguf_get_arr_n(ctx, idx);
-
-            const int32_t * vision_feature_layer = (const int32_t *)gguf_get_arr_data(ctx, idx);
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-                hparams.vision_feature_layer.insert(vision_feature_layer[i]);
-            }
-        } catch (std::runtime_error & /*e*/) { }
-
-        try {
-            int idx = get_key_idx(ctx, KEY_MM_PATCH_MERGE_TYPE);
-            strcpy(hparams.mm_patch_merge_type, gguf_get_val_str(ctx, idx));
-        } catch (std::runtime_error & /*e*/) {
-            strcpy(hparams.mm_patch_merge_type, "flat");
-        }
-
-        try {
-            hparams.image_crop_resolution = get_u32(ctx, KEY_IMAGE_CROP_RESOLUTION); // llava-1.6
-        } catch(const std::exception& /*e*/) {
-            hparams.image_crop_resolution = hparams.image_size;
-        }
-
-        int idx_mean = get_key_idx(ctx, KEY_IMAGE_MEAN);
-        int idx_std  = get_key_idx(ctx, KEY_IMAGE_STD);
-
-        const float * mean_data = (const float *)gguf_get_arr_data(ctx, idx_mean);
-        const float * std_data  = (const float *)gguf_get_arr_data(ctx, idx_std);
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
-            new_clip->image_mean[i] = mean_data[i];
-            new_clip->image_std[i]  = std_data[i];
-        }
-
-        // Calculate the deepest feature layer based on hparams and projector type
-        new_clip->max_feature_layer = get_deepest_feature_layer(new_clip);
-
-        if (verbosity >= 2) {
-            LOG_INF("\n%s: vision model hparams\n", __func__);
-            LOG_INF("image_size         %d\n", hparams.image_size);
-            LOG_INF("patch_size         %d\n", hparams.patch_size);
-            LOG_INF("v_hidden_size      %d\n", hparams.hidden_size);
-            LOG_INF("v_n_intermediate   %d\n", hparams.n_intermediate);
-            LOG_INF("v_projection_dim   %d\n", hparams.projection_dim);
-            LOG_INF("v_n_head           %d\n", hparams.n_head);
-            LOG_INF("v_n_layer          %d\n", hparams.n_layer);
-            LOG_INF("v_eps              %f\n", hparams.eps);
-            LOG_INF("v_image_mean       %f %f %f\n", new_clip->image_mean[0], new_clip->image_mean[1], new_clip->image_mean[2]);
-            LOG_INF("v_image_std        %f %f %f\n", new_clip->image_std[0], new_clip->image_std[1], new_clip->image_std[2]);
-            LOG_INF("v_image_grid_pinpoints: ");
-            for (const auto & pp : hparams.image_grid_pinpoints) {
-                LOG_INF("%d ", pp);
-            }
-            LOG_INF("\n");
-            LOG_INF("v_vision_feature_layer: ");
-            for (const auto & feature_layer: hparams.vision_feature_layer) {
-                LOG_INF("%d ", feature_layer);
-            }
-            LOG_INF("\n");
-            LOG_INF("v_mm_patch_merge_type: %s\n", hparams.mm_patch_merge_type);
-
-        }
-
-        try {
-            vision_model.class_embedding  = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, TN_CLASS_EMBD);
-            new_clip->has_class_embedding = true;
-        } catch (const std::exception& /*e*/) {
-            new_clip->has_class_embedding = false;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            vision_model.pre_ln_w  = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LN_PRE, "v", "weight"));
-            vision_model.pre_ln_b  = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LN_PRE, "v", "bias"));
-            new_clip->has_pre_norm = true;
-        } catch (std::exception & /*e*/) {
-            new_clip->has_pre_norm = false;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            vision_model.post_ln_w  = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LN_POST, "v", "weight"));
-            vision_model.post_ln_b  = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LN_POST, "v", "bias"));
-            new_clip->has_post_norm = true;
-        } catch (std::exception & /*e*/) {
-            new_clip->has_post_norm = false;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            vision_model.patch_bias = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, TN_PATCH_BIAS);
-            new_clip->has_patch_bias = true;
-        } catch (std::exception & /*e*/) {
-            new_clip->has_patch_bias = false;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            vision_model.patch_embeddings_0 = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, TN_PATCH_EMBD);
-        } catch(const std::exception& /*e*/) {
-            vision_model.patch_embeddings_0 = nullptr;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            vision_model.position_embeddings = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_POS_EMBD, "v"));
-        } catch(const std::exception& /*e*/) {
-            vision_model.position_embeddings = nullptr;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            vision_model.patch_embeddings_1    = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, TN_PATCH_EMBD_1);
-        } catch(const std::exception& /*e*/) {
-            new_clip->has_qwen2vl_merger = false;
-        }
-
-        // LLaVA projection
-        if (new_clip->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP || new_clip->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP_NORM) {
-            vision_model.mm_0_w              = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 0, "weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_0_b              = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 0, "bias"));
-            try {
-                // Yi-type llava
-                vision_model.mm_1_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 1, "weight"));
-                vision_model.mm_1_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 1, "bias"));
-            } catch (std::runtime_error & /*e*/) { }
-            try {
-                // missing in Yi-type llava
-                vision_model.mm_2_w              = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 2, "weight"));
-                vision_model.mm_2_b              = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 2, "bias"));
-            } catch (std::runtime_error & /*e*/) { }
-            try {
-                // Yi-type llava
-                vision_model.mm_3_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 3, "weight"));
-                vision_model.mm_3_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 3, "bias"));
-            } catch (std::runtime_error & /*e*/) { }
-            try {
-                // Yi-type llava
-                vision_model.mm_4_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 4, "weight"));
-                vision_model.mm_4_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 4, "bias"));
-            } catch (std::runtime_error & /*e*/) { }
-            try {
-                vision_model.image_newline = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, TN_IMAGE_NEWLINE);
-                // LOG_INF("%s: image_newline tensor (llava-1.6) found\n", __func__);
-            } catch (std::runtime_error & /*e*/) { }
-        } else if (new_clip->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDP) {
-            // MobileVLM projection
-            vision_model.mm_model_mlp_1_w               = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_MLP, 1, "weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_mlp_1_b               = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_MLP, 1, "bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_mlp_3_w               = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_MLP, 3, "weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_mlp_3_b               = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_MLP, 3, "bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_1_block_0_0_w   = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 1, 0, "0.weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_1_block_0_1_w   = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 1, 0, "1.weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_1_block_0_1_b   = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 1, 0, "1.bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_1_block_1_fc1_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 1, 1, "fc1.weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_1_block_1_fc1_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 1, 1, "fc1.bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_1_block_1_fc2_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 1, 1, "fc2.weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_1_block_1_fc2_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 1, 1, "fc2.bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_1_block_2_0_w   = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 1, 2, "0.weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_1_block_2_1_w   = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 1, 2, "1.weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_1_block_2_1_b   = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 1, 2, "1.bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_2_block_0_0_w   = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 2, 0, "0.weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_2_block_0_1_w   = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 2, 0, "1.weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_2_block_0_1_b   = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 2, 0, "1.bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_2_block_1_fc1_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 2, 1, "fc1.weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_2_block_1_fc1_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 2, 1, "fc1.bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_2_block_1_fc2_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 2, 1, "fc2.weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_2_block_1_fc2_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 2, 1, "fc2.bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_2_block_2_0_w   = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 2, 2, "0.weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_2_block_2_1_w   = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 2, 2, "1.weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_block_2_block_2_1_b   = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK, 2, 2, "1.bias"));
-        }
-        else if (new_clip->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDPV2)
-        {
-            // MobilVLM_V2 projection
-            vision_model.mm_model_mlp_0_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_MLP, 0, "weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_mlp_0_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_MLP, 0, "bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_mlp_2_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_MLP, 2, "weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_mlp_2_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_MLP, 2, "bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_peg_0_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_PEG, 0, "weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_peg_0_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MVLM_PROJ_PEG, 0, "bias"));
-        }
-        else if (new_clip->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_RESAMPLER) {
-            // vision_model.mm_model_pos_embed = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, TN_MINICPMV_POS_EMBD);
-            vision_model.mm_model_pos_embed_k = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, TN_MINICPMV_POS_EMBD_K);
-            vision_model.mm_model_query = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, TN_MINICPMV_QUERY);
-            vision_model.mm_model_proj = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, TN_MINICPMV_PROJ);
-            vision_model.mm_model_kv_proj = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, TN_MINICPMV_KV_PROJ);
-            vision_model.mm_model_attn_q_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MINICPMV_ATTN, "q", "weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_attn_k_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MINICPMV_ATTN, "k", "weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_attn_v_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MINICPMV_ATTN, "v", "weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_attn_q_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MINICPMV_ATTN, "q", "bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_attn_k_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MINICPMV_ATTN, "k", "bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_attn_v_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MINICPMV_ATTN, "v", "bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_attn_o_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MINICPMV_ATTN, "out", "weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_attn_o_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MINICPMV_ATTN, "out", "bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_ln_q_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MINICPMV_LN, "q", "weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_ln_q_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MINICPMV_LN, "q", "bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_ln_kv_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MINICPMV_LN, "kv", "weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_ln_kv_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MINICPMV_LN, "kv", "bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_ln_post_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MINICPMV_LN, "post", "weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_ln_post_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_MINICPMV_LN, "post", "bias"));
-        }
-        else if (new_clip->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_GLM_EDGE) {
-            vision_model.mm_model_adapter_conv_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_GLM_ADAPER_CONV, "weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_adapter_conv_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_GLM_ADAPER_CONV, "bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_mlp_0_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_GLM_ADAPTER_LINEAR,"weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_ln_q_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_GLM_ADAPTER_NORM_1,"weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_ln_q_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_GLM_ADAPTER_NORM_1,"bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_mlp_1_w =  get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_GLM_ADAPTER_D_H_2_4H,"weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_mlp_2_w =  get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_GLM_ADAPTER_GATE,"weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_model_mlp_3_w =  get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_GLM_ADAPTER_D_4H_2_H,"weight"));
-            vision_model.boi_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, TN_GLM_BOI_W);
-            vision_model.eoi_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, TN_GLM_EOI_W);
-        }
-        else if (new_clip->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MERGER) {
-            vision_model.mm_0_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 0, "weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_0_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 0, "bias"));
-            vision_model.mm_1_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 2, "weight"));
-            vision_model.mm_1_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LLAVA_PROJ, 2, "bias"));
-        }
-        else if (new_clip->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_GEMMA3) {
-            vision_model.mm_input_proj_w    = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, TN_MM_INP_PROJ);
-            vision_model.mm_soft_emb_norm_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, TN_MM_SOFT_EMB_N);
-        }
-        else {
-            std::string proj_type = PROJECTOR_TYPE_NAMES[new_clip->proj_type];
-            throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: don't support projector with: %s currently\n", __func__, proj_type.c_str()));
-        }
-
-        vision_model.layers.resize(hparams.n_layer);
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < hparams.n_layer; ++il) {
-            auto & layer = vision_model.layers[il];
-            layer.k_w    = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_ATTN_K,      "v", il, "weight"));
-            layer.q_w    = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_ATTN_Q,      "v", il, "weight"));
-            layer.v_w    = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_ATTN_V,      "v", il, "weight"));
-            layer.o_w    = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_ATTN_OUTPUT, "v", il, "weight"));
-            layer.ln_1_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LN_1,        "v", il, "weight"));
-            layer.ln_2_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LN_2,        "v", il, "weight"));
-            layer.ff_i_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_FFN_DOWN,    "v", il, "weight"));
-            layer.ff_o_w = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_FFN_UP,      "v", il, "weight"));
-            layer.k_b    = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_ATTN_K,      "v", il, "bias"));
-            layer.q_b    = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_ATTN_Q,      "v", il, "bias"));
-            layer.v_b    = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_ATTN_V,      "v", il, "bias"));
-            layer.o_b    = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_ATTN_OUTPUT, "v", il, "bias"));
-            layer.ln_1_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LN_1,        "v", il, "bias"));
-            layer.ln_2_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_LN_2,        "v", il, "bias"));
-            layer.ff_i_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_FFN_DOWN,    "v", il, "bias"));
-            layer.ff_o_b = get_tensor(new_clip->ctx_data, format(TN_FFN_UP,      "v", il, "bias"));
-        }
-    }
-
-    ggml_free(meta);
-
-    new_clip->ctx_gguf = ctx;
-
-    // measure mem requirement and allocate
-    {
-        new_clip->buf_compute_meta.resize(GGML_DEFAULT_GRAPH_SIZE * ggml_tensor_overhead() + ggml_graph_overhead());
-        clip_image_f32_batch batch;
-        batch.size = 1;
-        batch.data = nullptr;
-        ggml_cgraph * gf = clip_image_build_graph(new_clip, &batch, nullptr, false);
-        ggml_backend_sched_reserve(new_clip->sched.get(), gf);
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < new_clip->backend_ptrs.size(); ++i) {
-            ggml_backend_t backend = new_clip->backend_ptrs[i];
-            ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = new_clip->backend_buft[i];
-            size_t size = ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_size(new_clip->sched.get(), backend);
-            if (size > 1) {
-                LOG_INF("%s: %10s compute buffer size = %8.2f MiB\n", __func__,
-                        ggml_backend_buft_name(buft),
-                        size / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return new_clip;
-}
-
-void clip_add_load_image_size(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip, struct clip_image_size * load_image_size) {
-    ctx_clip->load_image_size = load_image_size;
-}
-
-struct clip_image_size * clip_get_load_image_size(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip) {
-    return ctx_clip->load_image_size;
-}
-
-struct clip_image_size * clip_image_size_init() {
-    struct clip_image_size * load_image_size = new struct clip_image_size();
-    load_image_size->width = 448;
-    load_image_size->height = 448;
-    return load_image_size;
-}
-
-struct clip_image_u8 * clip_image_u8_init() {
-    return new clip_image_u8();
-}
-
-struct clip_image_f32 * clip_image_f32_init() {
-    return new clip_image_f32();
-}
-
-void clip_image_u8_free(struct clip_image_u8  * img) { delete img; }
-void clip_image_f32_free(struct clip_image_f32 * img) { delete img; }
-void clip_image_u8_batch_free(struct clip_image_u8_batch  * batch) {
-    if (batch->size > 0) {
-        delete[] batch->data;
-        batch->size = 0;
-    }
-}
-void clip_image_f32_batch_free(struct clip_image_f32_batch  * batch) {
-    if (batch->size > 0) {
-        delete[] batch->data;
-        batch->size = 0;
-    }
-}
-
-void clip_build_img_from_pixels(const unsigned char * rgb_pixels, int nx, int ny, clip_image_u8 * img) {
-    img->nx = nx;
-    img->ny = ny;
-    img->buf.resize(3 * nx * ny);
-    memcpy(img->buf.data(), rgb_pixels, img->buf.size());
-}
-
-bool clip_image_load_from_file(const char * fname, clip_image_u8 * img) {
-    int nx, ny, nc;
-    auto * data = stbi_load(fname, &nx, &ny, &nc, 3);
-    if (!data) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to load image '%s'\n", __func__, fname);
-        return false;
-    }
-    clip_build_img_from_pixels(data, nx, ny, img);
-    stbi_image_free(data);
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool clip_image_load_from_bytes(const unsigned char * bytes, size_t bytes_length, struct clip_image_u8 * img) {
-    int nx, ny, nc;
-    auto * data = stbi_load_from_memory(bytes, bytes_length, &nx, &ny, &nc, 3);
-    if (!data) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to decode image bytes\n", __func__);
-        return false;
-    }
-    clip_build_img_from_pixels(data, nx, ny, img);
-    stbi_image_free(data);
-    return true;
-}
-
-// Linear interpolation between two points
-inline float clip_lerp(float s, float e, float t) {
-    return s + (e - s) * t;
-}
-// Bilinear resize function
-static void bilinear_resize(const clip_image_u8& src, clip_image_u8& dst, int target_width, int target_height) {
-    dst.nx = target_width;
-    dst.ny = target_height;
-    dst.buf.resize(3 * target_width * target_height);
-
-    float x_ratio = static_cast<float>(src.nx - 1) / target_width;
-    float y_ratio = static_cast<float>(src.ny - 1) / target_height;
-
-    for (int y = 0; y < target_height; y++) {
-        for (int x = 0; x < target_width; x++) {
-            float px = x_ratio * x;
-            float py = y_ratio * y;
-            int x_floor = static_cast<int>(px);
-            int y_floor = static_cast<int>(py);
-            float x_lerp = px - x_floor;
-            float y_lerp = py - y_floor;
-
-            for (int c = 0; c < 3; c++) {
-                float top = clip_lerp(
-                    static_cast<float>(src.buf[3 * (y_floor * src.nx + x_floor) + c]),
-                    static_cast<float>(src.buf[3 * (y_floor * src.nx + (x_floor + 1)) + c]),
-                    x_lerp
-                );
-                float bottom = clip_lerp(
-                    static_cast<float>(src.buf[3 * ((y_floor + 1) * src.nx + x_floor) + c]),
-                    static_cast<float>(src.buf[3 * ((y_floor + 1) * src.nx + (x_floor + 1)) + c]),
-                    x_lerp
-                );
-                dst.buf[3 * (y * target_width + x) + c] = static_cast<uint8_t>(clip_lerp(top, bottom, y_lerp));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// Normalize image to float32 - careful with pytorch .to(model.device, dtype=torch.float16) - this sometimes reduces precision (32>16>32), sometimes not
-static void normalize_image_u8_to_f32(const clip_image_u8* src, clip_image_f32* dst, const float mean[3], const float std[3]) {
-    dst->nx = src->nx;
-    dst->ny = src->ny;
-    dst->buf.resize(src->buf.size());
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < src->buf.size(); ++i) {
-        int c = i % 3; // rgb
-        dst->buf[i] = (static_cast<float>(src->buf[i]) / 255.0f - mean[c]) / std[c];
-    }
-}
-
-inline int clip(int x, int lower, int upper) {
-    return std::max(lower, std::min(x, upper));
-}
-
-static bool bicubic_resize(const clip_image_u8 &img, clip_image_u8 &dst, int target_width, int target_height) {
-    const int nx = img.nx;
-    const int ny = img.ny;
-
-    dst.nx = target_width;
-    dst.ny = target_height;
-    dst.buf.resize(3 * target_width * target_height);
-
-    float Cc;
-    float C[5];
-    float d0, d2, d3, a0, a1, a2, a3;
-    int i, j, k, jj;
-    int x, y;
-    float dx, dy;
-    float tx, ty;
-
-    tx = (float)nx / (float)target_width;
-    ty = (float)ny / (float)target_height;
-
-    // Bicubic interpolation; adapted from ViT.cpp, inspired from :
-    //    -> https://github.com/yglukhov/bicubic-interpolation-image-processing/blob/master/libimage.c#L36
-    //    -> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicubic_interpolation
-
-    for (i = 0; i < target_height; i++) {
-        for (j = 0; j < target_width; j++) {
-            x = (int)(tx * j);
-            y = (int)(ty * i);
-
-            dx = tx * j - x;
-            dy = ty * i - y;
-
-            for (k = 0; k < 3; k++) {
-                for (jj = 0; jj <= 3; jj++) {
-                    d0 = img.buf[(clip(y - 1 + jj, 0, ny - 1) * nx + clip(x - 1, 0, nx - 1)) * 3 + k] - img.buf[(clip(y - 1 + jj, 0, ny - 1) * nx + clip(x, 0, nx - 1)) * 3 + k];
-                    d2 = img.buf[(clip(y - 1 + jj, 0, ny - 1) * nx + clip(x + 1, 0, nx - 1)) * 3 + k] - img.buf[(clip(y - 1 + jj, 0, ny - 1) * nx + clip(x, 0, nx - 1)) * 3 + k];
-                    d3 = img.buf[(clip(y - 1 + jj, 0, ny - 1) * nx + clip(x + 2, 0, nx - 1)) * 3 + k] - img.buf[(clip(y - 1 + jj, 0, ny - 1) * nx + clip(x, 0, nx - 1)) * 3 + k];
-                    a0 = img.buf[(clip(y - 1 + jj, 0, ny - 1) * nx + clip(x, 0, nx - 1)) * 3 + k];
-
-                    a1 = -1.0 / 3 * d0 + d2 - 1.0 / 6 * d3;
-                    a2 =  1.0 / 2 * d0 +      1.0 / 2 * d2;
-                    a3 = -1.0 / 6 * d0 -      1.0 / 2 * d2 + 1.0 / 6 * d3;
-
-                    C[jj] = a0 + a1 * dx + a2 * dx * dx + a3 * dx * dx * dx;
-
-                    d0 = C[0] - C[1];
-                    d2 = C[2] - C[1];
-                    d3 = C[3] - C[1];
-                    a0 = C[1];
-                    a1 = -1.0 / 3 * d0 + d2 - 1.0 / 6 * d3;
-                    a2 =  1.0 / 2 * d0 +      1.0 / 2 * d2;
-                    a3 = -1.0 / 6 * d0 -      1.0 / 2 * d2 + 1.0 / 6 * d3;
-                    Cc = a0 + a1 * dy + a2 * dy * dy + a3 * dy * dy * dy;
-
-                    const uint8_t Cc2 = std::min(std::max(std::round(Cc), 0.0f), 255.0f);
-                    dst.buf[(i * target_width + j) * 3 + k] = float(Cc2);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-// llava-1.6 type of resize_and_pad (black)
-static void resize_and_pad_image(const clip_image_u8& image, clip_image_u8 &image_output, const std::pair<int, int>& target_resolution) {
-    int target_width = target_resolution.first;
-    int target_height = target_resolution.second;
-
-    float scale_w = static_cast<float>(target_width) / image.nx;
-    float scale_h = static_cast<float>(target_height) / image.ny;
-
-    int new_width, new_height;
-
-    if (scale_w < scale_h) {
-        new_width = target_width;
-        new_height = std::min(static_cast<int>(std::ceil(image.ny * scale_w)), target_height);
-    } else {
-        new_height = target_height;
-        new_width = std::min(static_cast<int>(std::ceil(image.nx * scale_h)), target_width);
-    }
-
-    clip_image_u8 resized_image;
-    // bilinear_resize(image, resized_image, new_width, new_height);
-    bicubic_resize(image, resized_image, new_width, new_height);
-
-    clip_image_u8 padded_image;
-    padded_image.nx = target_width;
-    padded_image.ny = target_height;
-    padded_image.buf.resize(3 * target_width * target_height, 0); // Initialize with black
-
-    // Calculate padding offsets
-    int pad_x = (target_width - new_width) / 2;
-    int pad_y = (target_height - new_height) / 2;
-
-    // Copy the resized image into the center of the padded buffer
-    for (int y = 0; y < new_height; ++y) {
-        for (int x = 0; x < new_width; ++x) {
-            for (int c = 0; c < 3; ++c) {
-                padded_image.buf[3 * ((y + pad_y) * target_width + (x + pad_x)) + c] = resized_image.buf[3 * (y * new_width + x) + c];
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    image_output = std::move(padded_image);
-}
-
-/**
- * Selects the best resolution from a list of possible resolutions based on the original size.
- *
- * @param original_size The original size of the image in the format (width, height).
- * @param possible_resolutions A list of possible resolutions in the format [(width1, height1), (width2, height2), ...].
- * @return The best fit resolution in the format (width, height).
- */
-static std::pair<int, int> select_best_resolution(const std::pair<int, int> & original_size, const std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> & possible_resolutions) {
-    int original_width = original_size.first;
-    int original_height = original_size.second;
-    std::pair<int, int> best_fit;
-    int max_effective_resolution = 0;
-    int min_wasted_resolution = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
-
-    for (const auto& resolution : possible_resolutions) {
-        int width = resolution.first;
-        int height = resolution.second;
-        float scale = std::min(static_cast<float>(width) / original_width, static_cast<float>(height) / original_height);
-        int downscaled_width = static_cast<int>(original_width * scale);
-        int downscaled_height = static_cast<int>(original_height * scale);
-        int effective_resolution = std::min(downscaled_width * downscaled_height, original_width * original_height);
-        int wasted_resolution = (width * height) - effective_resolution;
-        // LOG_INF("resolution: %d %d, scale: %f, downscaled: %d %d, effective: %d, wasted: %d\n", width, height, scale, downscaled_width, downscaled_height, effective_resolution, wasted_resolution);
-        if (effective_resolution > max_effective_resolution || (effective_resolution == max_effective_resolution && wasted_resolution < min_wasted_resolution)) {
-            max_effective_resolution = effective_resolution;
-            min_wasted_resolution = wasted_resolution;
-            best_fit = resolution;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return best_fit;
-}
-
-static std::vector<clip_image_u8*> divide_to_patches_u8(const clip_image_u8 & image, int patch_size) {
-    std::vector<clip_image_u8*> patches;
-    int width = image.nx;
-    int height = image.ny;
-    for (int i = 0; i < height; i += patch_size) {
-        for (int j = 0; j < width; j += patch_size) {
-            clip_image_u8 *patch = clip_image_u8_init();
-            patch->nx = std::min(patch_size, width - j);
-            patch->ny = std::min(patch_size, height - i);
-            patch->buf.resize(3 * patch->nx * patch->ny);
-            for (int y = 0; y < patch->ny; ++y) {
-                for (int x = 0; x < patch->nx; ++x) {
-                    for (int c = 0; c < 3; ++c) {
-                        patch->buf[3 * (y * patch->nx + x) + c] = image.buf[3 * ((i + y) * width + (j + x)) + c];
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            patches.push_back(patch);
-        }
-    }
-    return patches;
-}
-
-static int ensure_divide(int length, int patch_size) {
-    return std::max(static_cast<int>(std::round(static_cast<float>(length) / patch_size) * patch_size), patch_size);
-}
-
-static std::pair<int, int> uhd_find_best_resize(std::pair<int, int> original_size, int scale_resolution, int patch_size, bool allow_upscale = false) {
-    int width = original_size.first;
-    int height = original_size.second;
-    if ((width * height > scale_resolution * scale_resolution) || allow_upscale) {
-        float r = static_cast<float>(width) / height;
-        height = static_cast<int>(scale_resolution / std::sqrt(r));
-        width = static_cast<int>(height * r);
-    }
-    int best_width = ensure_divide(width, patch_size);
-    int best_height = ensure_divide(height, patch_size);
-    return std::make_pair(best_width, best_height);
-}
-
-static std::pair<int, int> uhd_get_refine_size(std::pair<int, int> original_size, std::pair<int, int> grid, int scale_resolution, int patch_size, bool allow_upscale = false) {
-    int width, height;
-    std::tie(width, height) = original_size;
-    int grid_x, grid_y;
-    std::tie(grid_x, grid_y) = grid;
-
-    int refine_width = ensure_divide(width, grid_x);
-    int refine_height = ensure_divide(height, grid_y);
-
-    int grid_width = refine_width / grid_x;
-    int grid_height = refine_height / grid_y;
-
-   // auto best_grid_size = find_best_resize(std::make_tuple(grid_width, grid_height), scale_resolution, patch_size, allow_upscale); (old line)
-    auto best_grid_size = uhd_find_best_resize(std::make_pair(grid_width, grid_height), scale_resolution, patch_size, allow_upscale); // (new line) => fixes conversion for make_tuple to make_pair
-    int best_grid_width, best_grid_height;
-    std::tie(best_grid_width, best_grid_height) = best_grid_size;
-
-  //  std::pair<int, int> refine_size = std::make_tuple(best_grid_width * grid_x, best_grid_height * grid_y); (old line)
-    std::pair<int, int> refine_size = std::make_pair(best_grid_width * grid_x, best_grid_height * grid_y); // (new line)
-    return refine_size;
-}
-
-static std::pair<int, int> uhd_best_grid(const int max_slice_nums, const int multiple, const float log_ratio) {
-    std::vector<int> candidate_split_grids_nums;
-    for (int i : {multiple - 1, multiple, multiple + 1}) {
-        if (i == 1 || i > max_slice_nums) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        candidate_split_grids_nums.push_back(i);
-    }
-
-    std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> candidate_grids;
-    for (int split_grids_nums : candidate_split_grids_nums) {
-        int m = 1;
-        while (m <= split_grids_nums) {
-            if (split_grids_nums % m == 0) {
-                candidate_grids.emplace_back(m, split_grids_nums / m);
-            }
-            ++m;
-        }
-    }
-
-    std::pair<int, int> best_grid{1, 1};
-    float min_error = std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
-    for (const auto& grid : candidate_grids) {
-        float error = std::abs(log_ratio - std::log(1.0 * grid.first / grid.second));
-        if (error < min_error) {
-            best_grid = grid;
-            min_error = error;
-        }
-    }
-    return best_grid;
-}
-
-// inspired from LLaVA-UHD:
-//    -> https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.11703
-//    -> https://github.com/thunlp/LLaVA-UHD
-//    -> https://github.com/thunlp/LLaVA-UHD/blob/302301bc2175f7e717fb8548516188e89f649753/llava_uhd/train/llava-uhd/slice_logic.py#L118
-static std::vector<std::vector<clip_image_u8 *>> uhd_slice_image(const clip_image_u8 * img, const int max_slice_nums=9, const int scale_resolution=448, const int patch_size=14) {
-    const std::pair<int, int> original_size={img->nx,img->ny};
-    const int original_width = img->nx;
-    const int original_height = img->ny;
-    const float log_ratio = log(1.0*original_width/original_height);
-    const float ratio = 1.0 * original_width * original_height/ (scale_resolution * scale_resolution);
-    const int multiple = fmin(ceil(ratio), max_slice_nums);
-
-    std::vector<std::vector<clip_image_u8 *>> images;
-    LOG_INF("%s: multiple %d\n", __func__, multiple);
-    images.push_back(std::vector<clip_image_u8 *>());
-
-    if (multiple <= 1) {
-        auto best_size = uhd_find_best_resize(original_size, scale_resolution, patch_size, true);
-        clip_image_u8 * source_image = clip_image_u8_init();
-        bicubic_resize(*img, *source_image, best_size.first, best_size.second);
-        // source_image = image.resize(best_size, Image.Resampling.BICUBIC)
-        images[images.size()-1].push_back(source_image);
-    }
-    else if (multiple > 1) {
-        auto best_size = uhd_find_best_resize(original_size, scale_resolution, patch_size);
-        clip_image_u8 * source_image = clip_image_u8_init();
-        bicubic_resize(*img, *source_image, best_size.first, best_size.second);
-        // source_image = image.copy().resize(best_resize, Image.Resampling.BICUBIC)
-        LOG_INF("%s: image_size: %d %d; source_image size: %d %d\n", __func__, img->nx, img->ny, best_size.first, best_size.second);
-        images[images.size()-1].push_back(source_image);
-
-        std::pair<int, int> best_grid = uhd_best_grid(max_slice_nums, multiple, log_ratio);
-        LOG_INF("%s: image_size: %d %d; best_grid: %d %d\n", __func__, img->nx, img->ny, best_grid.first, best_grid.second);
-
-        auto refine_size = uhd_get_refine_size(original_size, best_grid, scale_resolution, patch_size, true);
-        clip_image_u8 * refine_image = clip_image_u8_init();
-        bicubic_resize(*img, *refine_image, refine_size.first, refine_size.second);
-
-        LOG_INF("%s: refine_image_size: %d %d; refine_size: %d %d\n", __func__, refine_image->nx, refine_image->ny, refine_size.first, refine_size.second);
-
-        // split_to_patches
-        int width = refine_image->nx;
-        int height = refine_image->ny;
-        int grid_x = int(width / best_grid.first);
-        int grid_y = int(height / best_grid.second);
-        for (int patches_i = 0, ic = 0; patches_i < height && ic < best_grid.second; patches_i += grid_y, ic += 1){
-            images.push_back(std::vector<clip_image_u8 *>());
-            for(int patches_j = 0, jc = 0; patches_j < width && jc < best_grid.first; patches_j += grid_x, jc += 1){
-                clip_image_u8 * patch = clip_image_u8_init();
-                patch->nx = grid_x;
-                patch->ny = grid_y;
-                patch->buf.resize(3 * patch->nx * patch->ny);
-                for (int y = patches_i; y < patches_i + grid_y; ++y) {
-                    for (int x = patches_j; x < patches_j + grid_x; ++x) {
-                        const int i = 3 * (y * refine_image->nx + x);
-                        const int j = 3 * ((y-patches_i) * patch->nx + (x-patches_j));
-                        patch->buf[j]   = refine_image->buf[i];
-                        patch->buf[j+1] = refine_image->buf[i+1];
-                        patch->buf[j+2] = refine_image->buf[i+2];
-                    }
-                }
-                images[images.size()-1].push_back(patch);
-            }
-        }
-        clip_image_u8_free(refine_image);
-    }
-    return images;
-}
-
-int clip_uhd_num_image_embeds_col(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip) {
-    const int max_slice_nums=9;
-    const int scale_resolution=448;
-    const int original_width = ctx_clip->load_image_size->width;
-    const int original_height = ctx_clip->load_image_size->height;
-    const float log_ratio = log(1.0*original_width/original_height);
-    const float ratio = 1.0 * original_width * original_height/ (scale_resolution * scale_resolution);
-    const int multiple = fmin(ceil(ratio), max_slice_nums);
-    std::pair<int, int> best_grid = uhd_best_grid(max_slice_nums, multiple, log_ratio);
-    return best_grid.first;
-}
-
-// returns the normalized float tensor for llava-1.5, for spatial_unpad with anyres processing for llava-1.6 it returns the normalized image patch tensors as a vector
-// res_imgs memory is being allocated here, previous allocations will be freed if found
-bool clip_image_preprocess(struct clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_u8 * img, clip_image_f32_batch * res_imgs) {
-
-    if(clip_is_minicpmv(ctx)){
-        int max_slice_nums = 9;
-        std::vector<std::vector<clip_image_u8 *>> imgs = uhd_slice_image(img, max_slice_nums);
-        res_imgs->size = 0;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < imgs.size(); ++i){
-            res_imgs->size += imgs[i].size();
-        }
-        res_imgs->data = new clip_image_f32[res_imgs->size];
-        int idx = 0;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < imgs.size(); ++i) {
-            for (size_t j = 0; j < imgs[i].size(); ++j) {
-                LOG_DBG("%s: %d %d\n", __func__,imgs[i][j]->nx,imgs[i][j]->ny);
-                clip_image_f32 * res = clip_image_f32_init();
-                normalize_image_u8_to_f32(imgs[i][j], res, ctx->image_mean, ctx->image_std);
-                res_imgs->data[idx++] = *res;
-                clip_image_f32_free(res);
-            }
-        }
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < imgs.size(); ++i) {
-            for (size_t j = 0; j < imgs[i].size(); ++j) {
-                if (imgs[i][j] != nullptr) {
-                    clip_image_u8_free(imgs[i][j]);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-    else if (ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) {
-        clip_image_u8 * resized = clip_image_u8_init();
-        auto patch_size = clip_patch_size(ctx) * 2;
-        int nx = ceil((float)img->nx / patch_size) * patch_size;
-        int ny = ceil((float)img->ny / patch_size) * patch_size;
-        bicubic_resize(*img, *resized, nx, ny);
-
-        res_imgs->data = new clip_image_f32[1];
-        // clip_image_f32 * res = clip_image_f32_init();
-        normalize_image_u8_to_f32(resized, res_imgs->data, ctx->image_mean, ctx->image_std);
-        // res_imgs->data[0] = *res;
-        res_imgs->size = 1;
-
-        // clip_image_f32_free(res);
-        clip_image_u8_free(resized);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    if (ctx->has_glm_projector || ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_GEMMA3) {
-        res_imgs->size = 1;
-        res_imgs->data = new clip_image_f32[res_imgs->size];
-        clip_image_u8 resized_image;
-        int32_t sz=ctx->vision_model.hparams.image_size;
-        bicubic_resize(*img, resized_image,sz,sz);
-        clip_image_f32 * res = clip_image_f32_init();
-        //clip_image_save_to_bmp(resized_image, "resized.bmp");
-        normalize_image_u8_to_f32(&resized_image, res, ctx->image_mean, ctx->image_std);
-        res_imgs->data[0] = *res;
-        clip_image_f32_free(res);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    bool pad_to_square = true;
-    if (!ctx->has_vision_encoder) {
-        LOG_ERR("This gguf file seems to have no vision encoder\n");
-        return false;
-    }
-    auto & params = ctx->vision_model.hparams;
-    // The model config actually contains all we need to decide on how to preprocess, here we automatically switch to the new llava-1.6 preprocessing
-    if (strcmp(params.mm_patch_merge_type, "spatial_unpad") == 0) {
-        pad_to_square = false;
-    }
-    // free the previous res_imgs if any set
-    if (res_imgs->size > 0) {
-        clip_image_f32_batch_free(res_imgs);
-    }
-    res_imgs->data = nullptr;
-    res_imgs->size = 0;
-
-    // the logic below is to pad the shorter side to the longer side with a background color: rgb(122, 116, 104)
-    // see https://github.com/haotian-liu/LLaVA/blob/e854a2bf85118c504f6f16bf5c3c7c92f8fa8c6b/llava/conversation.py#L113-L156
-
-    clip_image_u8 * temp = clip_image_u8_init(); // we will keep the input image data here temporarily
-    if (pad_to_square && img->nx != img->ny) {
-        int longer_side = std::max(img->nx, img->ny);
-        temp->nx = longer_side;
-        temp->ny = longer_side;
-        temp->buf.resize(3 * longer_side * longer_side);
-        const uint8_t bc[3] = {122, 116, 104}; // background color in RGB from LLaVA (this is the mean rgb color * 255)
-
-        // fill with background color
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < temp->buf.size(); i++) {
-            temp->buf[i] = bc[i % 3];
-        }
-
-        // copy from the input image
-        for (int y = 0; y < img->ny; y++) {
-            for (int x = 0; x < img->nx; x++) {
-                const int i = 3 * (y * img->nx + x);
-                const int j = 3 * (y * temp->nx + x);
-                temp->buf[j]   = img->buf[i];
-                temp->buf[j+1] = img->buf[i+1];
-                temp->buf[j+2] = img->buf[i+2];
-            }
-        }
-    } else {
-        if (!params.image_grid_pinpoints.empty()) {
-            // "spatial_unpad" with "anyres" processing for llava-1.6
-            std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> possible_resolutions;
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < params.image_grid_pinpoints.size(); i+=2) {
-                possible_resolutions.push_back({params.image_grid_pinpoints[i], params.image_grid_pinpoints[i+1]});
-            }
-            std::pair<int, int> best_resolution = select_best_resolution({img->nx, img->ny}, possible_resolutions);
-            // clip_image_save_to_bmp(*img, "input.bmp");
-            resize_and_pad_image(*img, *temp, best_resolution);  // we do not pad with mean-bg color anymore in llava-1.6
-            // clip_image_save_to_bmp(*temp, "resized.bmp");
-            // visually verify normalized image:
-            // normalize_image_u8_to_f32(*temp, *res, ctx->image_mean, ctx->image_std);
-            // {
-            //     clip_image_u8 * temp2 = clip_image_u8_init();
-            //     clip_image_convert_f32_to_u8(*res, *temp2);
-            //     clip_image_save_to_bmp(*temp2, "resized_normalized_f32.bmp");
-            //     clip_image_u8_free(temp2);
-            // }
-
-            std::vector<clip_image_u8 *> patches = divide_to_patches_u8(*temp, params.image_size); // prepare spatial sorted main patches of image_size each (336 in llava-1.6)
-
-            clip_image_u8 *image_original_resize = clip_image_u8_init();
-            // bilinear_resize(*img, *image_original_resize, params.image_size, params.image_size); // in python this is "shortest_edge", but all CLIP are square
-            bicubic_resize(*img, *image_original_resize, params.image_size, params.image_size); // in python this is "shortest_edge", but all CLIP are square
-            patches.insert(patches.begin(), image_original_resize);
-            // clip_image_f32_batch_init(patches.size());
-            res_imgs->size = patches.size();
-            res_imgs->data = new clip_image_f32[res_imgs->size];
-            int num=0;
-            for (auto& patch : patches) {
-                normalize_image_u8_to_f32(patch, &res_imgs->data[num], ctx->image_mean, ctx->image_std);
-                num++;
-            }
-
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < patches.size(); i++) {
-                // LOG_DBG("patch %d: %d %d\n", i, patches[i]->nx, patches[i]->ny);
-                clip_image_u8_free(patches[i]);
-            }
-
-            clip_image_u8_free(temp);
-
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            temp->nx = img->nx;
-            temp->ny = img->ny;
-            temp->buf.resize(img->buf.size());
-            memcpy(temp->buf.data(), img->buf.data(), temp->buf.size());
-        }
-    }
-
-    const int nx = temp->nx;
-    const int ny = temp->ny;
-    // clip_image_save_to_bmp(*temp, "resized_vanilla.bmp");
-
-    const int nx2 = ctx->vision_model.hparams.image_size;
-    const int ny2 = ctx->vision_model.hparams.image_size;
-    clip_image_f32 * res = clip_image_f32_init();
-    res->nx = nx2;
-    res->ny = ny2;
-    res->buf.resize(3 * nx2 * ny2);
-
-    const float scale = std::max(nx, ny) / (float)ctx->vision_model.hparams.image_size;
-
-    const int nx3 = int(nx / scale + 0.5f);
-    const int ny3 = int(ny / scale + 0.5f);
-
-    const auto & m3 = ctx->image_mean; // {0.48145466f, 0.4578275f, 0.40821073f};
-    const auto & s3 = ctx->image_std;  // {0.26862954f, 0.26130258f, 0.27577711f};
-
-    for (int y = 0; y < ny3; y++) {
-        for (int x = 0; x < nx3; x++) {
-            for (int c = 0; c < 3; c++) {
-                // linear interpolation
-                const float sx = (x + 0.5f) * scale - 0.5f;
-                const float sy = (y + 0.5f) * scale - 0.5f;
-
-                const int x0 = std::max(0, (int)std::floor(sx));
-                const int y0 = std::max(0, (int)std::floor(sy));
-
-                const int x1 = std::min(x0 + 1, nx - 1);
-                const int y1 = std::min(y0 + 1, ny - 1);
-
-                const float dx = sx - x0;
-                const float dy = sy - y0;
-
-                const int j00 = 3 * (y0 * nx + x0) + c;
-                const int j01 = 3 * (y0 * nx + x1) + c;
-                const int j10 = 3 * (y1 * nx + x0) + c;
-                const int j11 = 3 * (y1 * nx + x1) + c;
-
-                const float v00 = temp->buf[j00];
-                const float v01 = temp->buf[j01];
-                const float v10 = temp->buf[j10];
-                const float v11 = temp->buf[j11];
-
-                const float v0 = v00 * (1.0f - dx) + v01 * dx;
-                const float v1 = v10 * (1.0f - dx) + v11 * dx;
-
-                const float v = v0 * (1.0f - dy) + v1 * dy;
-
-                const uint8_t v2 = std::min(std::max(std::round(v), 0.0f), 255.0f);
-
-                const int i = 3 * (y * nx3 + x) + c;
-
-                res->buf[i] = ((float(v2) / 255.0f) - m3[c]) / s3[c];
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    clip_image_u8_free(temp);
-
-    // {
-    //     clip_image_u8 * temp2 = clip_image_u8_init();
-    //     clip_image_convert_f32_to_u8(*res, *temp2);
-    //     clip_image_save_to_bmp(*temp2, "resized_normalized_f32_vanilla.bmp");
-    //     clip_image_u8_free(temp2);
-    // }
-    // res_imgs.push_back(res);
-
-    res_imgs->size = 1;
-    res_imgs->data = new clip_image_f32[res_imgs->size];
-    res_imgs->data[0] = *res;
-    clip_image_f32_free(res);
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-ggml_tensor * clip_get_newline_tensor(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
-    return ctx->vision_model.image_newline;
-}
-
-void clip_free(clip_ctx * ctx) {
-    delete ctx;
-}
-
-size_t clip_embd_nbytes(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
-    int extra_tokens = ctx->has_glm_projector ? 2 : 0;
-    return (clip_n_patches(ctx) + extra_tokens) * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx) * sizeof(float);
-}
-
-size_t clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, int img_h, int img_w) {
-    clip_image_f32 img;
-    img.nx = img_w;
-    img.ny = img_h;
-    return clip_n_patches_by_img(ctx, &img) * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx) * sizeof(float);
-}
-
-int32_t clip_image_size(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
-    return ctx->vision_model.hparams.image_size;
-}
-
-int32_t clip_patch_size(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
-    return ctx->vision_model.hparams.patch_size;
-}
-
-int32_t clip_hidden_size(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
-    return ctx->vision_model.hparams.hidden_size;
-}
-
-const char * clip_patch_merge_type(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
-    return ctx->vision_model.hparams.mm_patch_merge_type;
-}
-
-const int32_t * clip_image_grid(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
-    if (ctx->vision_model.hparams.image_grid_pinpoints.size()) {
-        return &ctx->vision_model.hparams.image_grid_pinpoints.front();
-    }
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-size_t get_clip_image_grid_size(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
-    return ctx->vision_model.hparams.image_grid_pinpoints.size();
-}
-
-int clip_n_patches(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
-    clip_image_f32 img;
-    img.nx = ctx->vision_model.hparams.image_size;
-    img.ny = ctx->vision_model.hparams.image_size;
-    return clip_n_patches_by_img(ctx, &img);
-}
-
-int clip_n_patches_by_img(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, struct clip_image_f32 * img) {
-    const auto & params = ctx->vision_model.hparams;
-
-    int n_patches = (params.image_size / params.patch_size) * (params.image_size / params.patch_size);
-
-    if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDP || ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDPV2 || ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_GLM_EDGE) {
-        n_patches /= 4;
-    } else if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_RESAMPLER) {
-        if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 2) {
-            n_patches = 96;
-        }
-        else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 3) {
-            n_patches = 64;
-        }
-        else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 4) {
-            n_patches = 64;
-        }
-    } else if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MERGER) {
-        int patch_size = params.patch_size * 2;
-        int x_patch = img->nx / patch_size + (int)(img->nx % patch_size > 0);
-        int y_patch = img->ny / patch_size + (int)(img->ny % patch_size > 0);
-        n_patches = x_patch * y_patch;
-    }
-
-    return n_patches;
-}
-
-static std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<float>>> get_1d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid_new(int embed_dim, const std::vector<std::vector<float>> & pos) {
-    assert(embed_dim % 2 == 0);
-    int H = pos.size();
-    int W = pos[0].size();
-
-    std::vector<float> omega(embed_dim / 2);
-    for (int i = 0; i < embed_dim / 2; ++i) {
-        omega[i] = 1.0 / pow(10000.0, static_cast<float>(i) / (embed_dim / 2));
-    }
-
-    std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<float>>> emb(H, std::vector<std::vector<float>>(W, std::vector<float>(embed_dim)));
-    for (int h = 0; h < H; ++h) {
-        for (int w = 0; w < W; ++w) {
-            for (int d = 0; d < embed_dim / 2; ++d) {
-                float out_value = pos[h][w] * omega[d];
-                emb[h][w][d] = sin(out_value);
-                emb[h][w][d + embed_dim / 2] = cos(out_value);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return emb;
-}
-
-static std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<float>>> get_2d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(int embed_dim, const std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<float>>> & grid) {
-    assert(embed_dim % 2 == 0);
-    std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<float>>> emb_h = get_1d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid_new(embed_dim / 2, grid[0]); // (H, W, D/2)
-    std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<float>>> emb_w = get_1d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid_new(embed_dim / 2, grid[1]); // (H, W, D/2)
-
-    int H = emb_h.size();
-    int W = emb_h[0].size();
-    std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<float>>> emb(H, std::vector<std::vector<float>>(W, std::vector<float>(embed_dim)));
-
-    for (int h = 0; h < H; ++h) {
-        for (int w = 0; w < W; ++w) {
-            for (int d = 0; d < embed_dim / 2; ++d) {
-                emb[h][w][d] = emb_h[h][w][d];
-                emb[h][w][d + embed_dim / 2] = emb_w[h][w][d];
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return emb;
-}
-
-static std::vector<std::vector<float>> get_2d_sincos_pos_embed(int embed_dim, const std::pair<int, int> image_size) {
-    int grid_h_size = image_size.first;
-    int grid_w_size = image_size.second;
-
-    std::vector<float> grid_h(grid_h_size);
-    std::vector<float> grid_w(grid_w_size);
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < grid_h_size; ++i) {
-        grid_h[i] = static_cast<float>(i);
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < grid_w_size; ++i) {
-        grid_w[i] = static_cast<float>(i);
-    }
-
-    std::vector<std::vector<float>> grid(grid_h_size, std::vector<float>(grid_w_size));
-    for (int h = 0; h < grid_h_size; ++h) {
-        for (int w = 0; w < grid_w_size; ++w) {
-            grid[h][w] = grid_w[w];
-        }
-    }
-    std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<float>>> grid_2d = {grid, grid};
-    for (int h = 0; h < grid_h_size; ++h) {
-        for (int w = 0; w < grid_w_size; ++w) {
-            grid_2d[0][h][w] = grid_h[h];
-            grid_2d[1][h][w] = grid_w[w];
-        }
-    }
-
-    std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<float>>> pos_embed_3d = get_2d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(embed_dim, grid_2d);
-
-    int H = image_size.first;
-    int W = image_size.second;
-    std::vector<std::vector<float>> pos_embed_2d(H * W, std::vector<float>(embed_dim));
-    for (int h = 0; h < H; ++h) {
-        for (int w = 0; w < W; ++w) {
-            pos_embed_2d[w * H + h] = pos_embed_3d[h][w];
-        }
-    }
-
-    return pos_embed_2d;
-}
-
-bool clip_image_encode(struct clip_ctx * ctx, const int n_threads, clip_image_f32 * img, float * vec) {
-    if (!ctx->has_vision_encoder) {
-        LOG_ERR("This gguf file seems to have no vision encoder\n");
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    clip_image_f32_batch imgs{};
-    imgs.size = 1;
-    imgs.data = img;
-    return clip_image_batch_encode(ctx, n_threads, &imgs, vec);
-}
-
-bool clip_image_batch_encode(clip_ctx * ctx, const int n_threads, const clip_image_f32_batch * imgs, float * vec) {
-    if (!ctx->has_vision_encoder) {
-        LOG_ERR("This gguf file seems to have no vision encoder\n");
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    int batch_size = imgs->size;
-    if (ctx->has_llava_projector) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(batch_size == 1); // TODO: support multiple images
-    }
-    if (ctx->has_minicpmv_projector) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(batch_size == 1);
-    }
-    if (ctx->has_glm_projector) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(batch_size == 1);
-        ggml_tensor * boi = ctx->vision_model.boi_w;
-        ggml_backend_tensor_get(boi,vec,0,ggml_nbytes(boi));
-        vec = (float*)(vec+ggml_nelements(boi)); //offset for boi
-    }
-
-    // build the inference graph
-    ggml_backend_sched_reset(ctx->sched.get());
-    ggml_cgraph * gf = clip_image_build_graph(ctx, imgs, ctx->load_image_size, true);
-    ggml_backend_sched_alloc_graph(ctx->sched.get(), gf);
-
-    // set inputs
-    const auto & model = ctx->vision_model;
-    const auto & hparams = model.hparams;
-
-    const int image_size = hparams.image_size;
-    int image_size_width  = image_size;
-    int image_size_height = image_size;
-    if (ctx->has_minicpmv_projector | ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) {
-        image_size_width  = imgs->data[0].nx;
-        image_size_height = imgs->data[0].ny;
-    }
-    const int patch_size    = hparams.patch_size;
-    const int num_patches   = ((image_size_width / patch_size) * (image_size_height / patch_size));
-    const int num_positions = num_patches + (ctx->has_class_embedding ? 1 : 0);
-    if(ctx->load_image_size==nullptr){
-        ctx->load_image_size= clip_image_size_init();
-    }
-    const int pos_w = ctx->load_image_size->width/patch_size;
-    const int pos_h = ctx->load_image_size->height/patch_size;
-
-    {
-        struct ggml_tensor * inp_raw = ggml_graph_get_tensor(gf, "inp_raw");
-        float * data = (float *)malloc(ggml_nbytes(inp_raw));
-
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < imgs->size; i++) {
-            const int nx = imgs->data[i].nx;
-            const int ny = imgs->data[i].ny;
-            if (!(ctx->has_minicpmv_projector | ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger)) {
-                GGML_ASSERT(nx == image_size && ny == image_size);
-            }
-
-            const int n = nx * ny;
-
-            for (int b = 0; b < batch_size; b++) {
-                for (int k = 0; k < 3; k++) {
-                    for (int y = 0; y < ny; y++) {
-                        for (int x = 0; x < nx; x++) {
-                            data[(b * 3 * n) + k * n + y * nx + x] = imgs->data[b].buf[3 * (y * nx + x) + k];
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        ggml_backend_tensor_set(inp_raw, data, 0, ggml_nbytes(inp_raw));
-        free(data);
-    }
-    if (ctx->has_minicpmv_projector) {
-        {
-            // inspired from siglip:
-            //    -> https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceM4/siglip-so400m-14-980-flash-attn2-navit
-            //    -> https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceM4/siglip-so400m-14-980-flash-attn2-navit/blob/d66538faeba44480d0bfaa42145eef26f9423199/modeling_siglip.py#L316
-            struct ggml_tensor * positions = ggml_graph_get_tensor(gf, "positions");
-            int* positions_data = (int*)malloc(ggml_nbytes(positions));
-            int bucket_coords_h[1024];
-            int bucket_coords_w[1024];
-            for (int i = 0; i < pos_h; i++){
-                bucket_coords_h[i] = std::floor(70.0*i/pos_h);
-            }
-            for (int i = 0; i < pos_w; i++){
-                bucket_coords_w[i] = std::floor(70.0*i/pos_w);
-            }
-            for (int i = 0, id = 0; i < pos_h; i++){
-                for (int j = 0; j < pos_w; j++){
-                    positions_data[id++] = bucket_coords_h[i]*70 + bucket_coords_w[j];
-                }
-            }
-            ggml_backend_tensor_set(positions, positions_data, 0, ggml_nbytes(positions));
-            free(positions_data);
-        }
-
-        {
-            // inspired from resampler of Qwen-VL:
-            //    -> https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen-VL/tree/main
-            //    -> https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen-VL/blob/0547ed36a86561e2e42fecec8fd0c4f6953e33c4/visual.py#L23
-            struct ggml_tensor * pos_embed = ggml_graph_get_tensor(gf, "pos_embed");
-            int embed_dim = 4096;
-            if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 2) {
-                embed_dim = 4096;
-            }
-            else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 3) {
-                embed_dim = 3584;
-            }
-            else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 4) {
-                embed_dim = 3584;
-            }
-            auto pos_embed_t = get_2d_sincos_pos_embed(embed_dim, std::make_pair(pos_w, pos_h));
-
-            float * pos_embed_data = (float *)malloc(ggml_nbytes(pos_embed));
-            for(int i=0;i < pos_w * pos_h; ++i){
-                for(int j=0; j < embed_dim; ++j){
-                    pos_embed_data[i * embed_dim + j] = pos_embed_t[i][j];
-                }
-            }
-
-            ggml_backend_tensor_set(pos_embed, pos_embed_data, 0, ggml_nbytes(pos_embed));
-            free(pos_embed_data);
-        }
-    }
-    else{
-        {
-            if (ctx->has_class_embedding) {
-                struct ggml_tensor * embeddings = ggml_graph_get_tensor(gf, "embeddings");
-
-                void* zero_mem = malloc(ggml_nbytes(embeddings));
-                memset(zero_mem, 0, ggml_nbytes(embeddings));
-                ggml_backend_tensor_set(embeddings, zero_mem, 0, ggml_nbytes(embeddings));
-                free(zero_mem);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) {
-            struct ggml_tensor * positions = ggml_graph_get_tensor(gf, "positions");
-
-            const int pw = image_size_width / patch_size;
-            const int ph = image_size_height / patch_size;
-            int* positions_data = (int*)malloc(ggml_nbytes(positions));
-
-            int ptr = 0;
-            for (int y = 0; y < ph; y+=2)
-            {
-                for (int x = 0; x < pw; x+=2)
-                {
-                    for (int dy = 0; dy < 2; dy++) {
-                        for (int dx = 0; dx < 2; dx++) {
-                            positions_data[ptr]                 = y + dy;
-                            positions_data[num_patches + ptr]     = x + dx;
-                            positions_data[num_patches * 2 + ptr] = y + dy;
-                            positions_data[num_patches * 3 + ptr] = x + dx;
-                            ptr++;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            ggml_backend_tensor_set(positions, positions_data, 0, ggml_nbytes(positions));
-            free(positions_data);
-        }
-        else if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_GEMMA3) {
-            // do nothing
-        }
-        else {
-            struct ggml_tensor * positions = ggml_graph_get_tensor(gf, "positions");
-
-            int* positions_data = (int*)malloc(ggml_nbytes(positions));
-            for (int i = 0; i < num_positions; i++) {
-                positions_data[i] = i;
-            }
-            ggml_backend_tensor_set(positions, positions_data, 0, ggml_nbytes(positions));
-            free(positions_data);
-
-            if (!ctx->has_glm_projector) {
-                struct ggml_tensor * patches = ggml_graph_get_tensor(gf, "patches");
-                // The patches vector is used to get rows to index into the embeds with;
-                // we should skip dim 0 only if we have CLS to avoid going out of bounds
-                // when retrieving the rows.
-                int patch_offset = ctx->has_class_embedding ? 1 : 0;
-                int* patches_data = (int*)malloc(ggml_nbytes(patches));
-                for (int i = 0; i < num_patches; i++) {
-                    patches_data[i] = i + patch_offset;
-                }
-                ggml_backend_tensor_set(patches, patches_data, 0, ggml_nbytes(patches));
-                free(patches_data);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    ggml_backend_cpu_set_n_threads(ctx->backend_cpu, n_threads);
-
-    auto status = ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute(ctx->sched.get(), gf);
-    if (status != GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute failed with error %d\n", __func__, status);
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // the last node is the embedding tensor
-    struct ggml_tensor * embeddings = ggml_graph_node(gf, -1);
-
-    // copy the embeddings to the location passed by the user
-    ggml_backend_tensor_get(embeddings, vec, 0, ggml_nbytes(embeddings));
-
-    if (ctx->has_glm_projector) {
-        //eoi
-        ggml_tensor * eoi = ctx->vision_model.eoi_w;
-        int offset = ggml_nelements(embeddings);
-        ggml_backend_tensor_get(eoi, vec+offset, 0, ggml_nbytes(eoi));
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool clip_model_quantize(const char * fname_inp, const char * fname_out, const int itype) {
-    assert(itype < GGML_TYPE_COUNT);
-    ggml_type type = static_cast<ggml_type>(itype);
-
-    auto * ctx_clip = clip_model_load(fname_inp, 2);
-
-    const auto & ctx_src = ctx_clip->ctx_gguf;
-    const auto & ctx_data = ctx_clip->ctx_data;
-
-    auto * ctx_out = gguf_init_empty();
-    gguf_set_kv(ctx_out, ctx_src);
-    gguf_set_val_u32(ctx_out, "general.quantization_version", GGML_QNT_VERSION);
-    gguf_set_val_u32(ctx_out, "general.file_type", itype);
-
-    auto fout = std::ofstream(fname_out, std::ios::binary);
-
-    const int n_tensors = gguf_get_n_tensors(ctx_src);
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < n_tensors; ++i) {
-        const char * name = gguf_get_tensor_name(ctx_src, i);
-        struct ggml_tensor * cur = ggml_get_tensor(ctx_data, name);
-        gguf_add_tensor(ctx_out, cur);
-    }
-
-    const size_t meta_size = gguf_get_meta_size(ctx_out);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < meta_size; ++i) {
-        fout.put(0);
-    }
-
-    // regexes of tensor names to be quantized
-    const std::vector<std::string> k_names = {
-        ".*weight",
-    };
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> work(512);
-    std::vector<float> conv_buf(512);
-    size_t total_size_org = 0;
-    size_t total_size_new = 0;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < n_tensors; ++i) {
-        const std::string name = gguf_get_tensor_name(ctx_src, i);
-        struct ggml_tensor * cur = ggml_get_tensor(ctx_data, name.c_str());
-
-        enum ggml_type new_type;
-        void * new_data;
-        size_t new_size;
-
-        bool quantize = false;
-        for (const auto & s : k_names) {
-            if (std::regex_match(name, std::regex(s))) {
-                quantize = true;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // quantize only 2D tensors and bigger than block size
-        quantize &= (ggml_n_dims(cur) == 2) && cur->ne[0] > ggml_blck_size(type);
-
-        if (quantize) {
-            new_type = type;
-            if (new_type >= GGML_TYPE_Q2_K && name.find("embd") != std::string::npos) {
-                new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q8_0; // ggml_get_rows needs non K type
-                // LOG_ERR("%s: quantizing %s to %s\n", __func__, name.c_str(), ggml_type_name(new_type));
-            }
-            const size_t n_elms = ggml_nelements(cur);
-            float * f32_data;
-
-            switch (cur->type) {
-            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                f32_data = (float *)cur->data;
-                break;
-            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                if (conv_buf.size() < n_elms) {
-                    conv_buf.resize(n_elms);
-                }
-                for (size_t j = 0; j < n_elms; ++j) {
-                    conv_buf[j] = ggml_fp16_to_fp32(((ggml_fp16_t *)cur->data)[j]);
-                }
-                f32_data = (float *)conv_buf.data();
-                break;
-            default:
-                LOG_ERR("Please use an input file in f32 or f16\n");
-                gguf_free(ctx_out);
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if (work.size() < n_elms * 4) {
-                work.resize(n_elms * 4);
-            }
-            new_data = work.data();
-
-            new_size = ggml_quantize_chunk(new_type, f32_data, new_data, 0, n_elms/cur->ne[0], cur->ne[0], nullptr);
-        } else {
-            new_type = cur->type;
-            new_data = cur->data;
-            new_size = ggml_nbytes(cur);
-        }
-        const size_t orig_size = ggml_nbytes(cur);
-        total_size_org += orig_size;
-        total_size_new += new_size;
-        gguf_set_tensor_type(ctx_out, name.c_str(), new_type);
-        GGML_ASSERT(gguf_get_tensor_size(ctx_out, gguf_find_tensor(ctx_out, name.c_str())) == new_size);
-        gguf_set_tensor_data(ctx_out, name.c_str(), new_data);
-        fout.write((const char *)new_data, new_size);
-        size_t pad = GGML_PAD(new_size, gguf_get_alignment(ctx_out)) - new_size;
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < pad; ++j) {
-            fout.put(0);
-        }
-
-        LOG_INF("%s: n_dims = %d | quantize=%d | size = %f MB -> %f MB\n", name.c_str(), ggml_n_dims(cur), quantize,
-               orig_size / 1024.0 / 1024.0, new_size / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-    }
-
-    // go back to beginning of file and write the updated metadata
-    fout.seekp(0, std::ios::beg);
-    std::vector<uint8_t> meta(meta_size);
-    gguf_get_meta_data(ctx_out, meta.data());
-    fout.write((const char *)meta.data(), meta_size);
-
-    fout.close();
-
-    clip_free(ctx_clip);
-    gguf_free(ctx_out);
-
-    {
-        LOG_INF("%s: original  size = %8.2f MB\n", __func__, total_size_org / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-        LOG_INF("%s: quantized size = %8.2f MB\n", __func__, total_size_new / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-int clip_n_mmproj_embd(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
-    if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDP) {
-        return ctx->vision_model.mm_model_block_1_block_2_1_b->ne[0];
-    }
-    if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDPV2) {
-        return ctx->vision_model.mm_model_peg_0_b->ne[0];
-    }
-    if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP) {
-        return ctx->vision_model.mm_2_b->ne[0];
-    }
-    if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP_NORM) {
-        return ctx->vision_model.mm_3_b->ne[0];
-    }
-    if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_RESAMPLER) {
-        if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 2) {
-            return 4096;
-        }
-        else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 3) {
-            return 3584;
-        }
-        else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 4) {
-            return 3584;
-        }
-    }
-    if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_GLM_EDGE){
-        return ctx->vision_model.mm_model_mlp_3_w->ne[1];
-    }
-    if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MERGER) {
-        return ctx->vision_model.mm_1_b->ne[0];
-    }
-    if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_GEMMA3) {
-        return ctx->vision_model.mm_input_proj_w->ne[0];
-    }
-
-    std::string proj_type = PROJECTOR_TYPE_NAMES[ctx->proj_type];
-    throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: don't support projector with: %s currently\n", __func__, proj_type.c_str()));
-}
-
-int clip_is_minicpmv(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
-    if (ctx->has_minicpmv_projector) {
-        return ctx->minicpmv_version;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool clip_is_glm(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
-    return ctx->has_glm_projector;
-}
-bool clip_is_qwen2vl(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
-    return ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger;
-}
-
-// Determine the number of encoder layers to iterate over
-int get_deepest_feature_layer(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
-    // Get the index of the second to last layer; this is the
-    // default for models that have a llava projector
-    const auto & hparams = ctx->vision_model.hparams;
-    int n_layer = hparams.n_layer - 1;
-    int deepest_feature_layer = -1;
-
-    // Handle other projectors; incrementing here indicates that we
-    // should use the last encoder layer for the vision features.
-    if (ctx->has_minicpmv_projector || ctx->has_glm_projector || ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) {
-        n_layer += 1;
-    }
-
-    // If we set explicit vision feature layers, only go up to the deepest one
-    for (const auto & feature_layer : hparams.vision_feature_layer) {
-        if (feature_layer > deepest_feature_layer) {
-            deepest_feature_layer = feature_layer;
-        }
-    }
-    return deepest_feature_layer < 0 ? n_layer : deepest_feature_layer;
-}
-
-bool clip_encode_float_image (struct clip_ctx * ctx, int n_threads, float * img, int h, int w, float * vec) {
-    clip_image_f32 clip_img;
-    clip_img.buf.resize(h * w * 3);
-    for (int i = 0; i < h*w*3; i++)
-    {
-        clip_img.buf[i] = img[i];
-    }
-    clip_img.nx = w;
-    clip_img.ny = h;
-    clip_image_encode(ctx, n_threads, &clip_img, vec);
-    return true;
-}