@fredlackey/devutils 0.0.1 → 0.0.3

package/src/installs/tar.md

@@ -0,0 +1,946 @@
+# Installing tar
+
+## Overview
+
+tar (tape archive) is a command-line utility for creating, extracting, and manipulating archive files. Originally designed for writing data to sequential I/O devices (tape drives), tar has become the standard archiving tool on Unix-like systems. It bundles multiple files and directories into a single archive file while preserving file permissions, ownership, and directory structures.
+
+tar is essential for:
+- Creating backups of files and directories
+- Distributing software source code (the ubiquitous `.tar.gz` "tarball" format)
+- Packaging files for transfer across systems
+- Combining with compression tools (gzip, bzip2, xz) for space-efficient archives
+
+Two major implementations exist:
+- **GNU tar** - The default on most Linux distributions; feature-rich with GNU extensions
+- **BSD tar (bsdtar)** - The default on macOS and FreeBSD; uses the libarchive library
+
+This guide documents tar installation procedures for all platforms supported by DevUtils CLI.
+
+## Dependencies
+
+### macOS (Homebrew)
+- **Required:**
+  - `homebrew` - Install via `/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"` or run `dev install homebrew`
+- **Optional:** None
+- **Auto-installed:** None
+- **Note:** macOS includes BSD tar pre-installed at `/usr/bin/tar`. Homebrew installs GNU tar as `gtar` to avoid conflicts.
+
+### Ubuntu (APT/Snap)
+- **Required:** None (APT package manager is pre-installed on Ubuntu)
+- **Optional:** None
+- **Auto-installed:** None
+- **Note:** tar (GNU tar) is pre-installed on all Ubuntu systems as part of the base system.
+
+### Raspberry Pi OS (APT/Snap)
+- **Required:** None (APT package manager is pre-installed on Raspberry Pi OS)
+- **Optional:** None
+- **Auto-installed:** None
+- **Note:** tar (GNU tar) is pre-installed on all Raspberry Pi OS systems as part of the base system.
+
+### Amazon Linux (DNF/YUM)
+- **Required:** None (DNF/YUM package manager is pre-installed on Amazon Linux)
+- **Optional:** None
+- **Auto-installed:** None
+- **Note:** tar (GNU tar) is pre-installed on all Amazon Linux systems as part of the base system.
+
+### Windows (Chocolatey/winget)
+- **Required:** None
+- **Optional:**
+  - `chocolatey` - For installing GNU tar tools if needed
+- **Auto-installed:** None
+- **Note:** Windows 10 (version 1803+) and Windows 11 include bsdtar pre-installed at `C:\Windows\System32\tar.exe`.
+
+### Git Bash (Manual/Portable)
+- **Required:**
+  - `git` - Git for Windows must be installed (GNU tar is bundled with it). Download from https://git-scm.com/download/win or install via `choco install git -y`
+- **Optional:** None
+- **Auto-installed:** None
+- **Note:** Git Bash includes GNU tar at `C:\Program Files\Git\usr\bin\tar.exe`.
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+Before installing or verifying tar on any platform, ensure:
+
+1. **Terminal access** - Required to run commands
+2. **Administrative privileges** - Required for installation (sudo on Linux/macOS, Administrator on Windows)
+3. **Internet connectivity** - Required only if tar is not pre-installed
+
+**Note**: tar is pre-installed on most operating systems. The installation steps below verify tar availability and install it only if missing.
+
+## Platform-Specific Installation
+
+### macOS (Homebrew)
+
+#### Prerequisites
+
+- macOS 10.15 (Catalina) or later (macOS 14 Sonoma or later recommended)
+- Homebrew package manager installed
+- Terminal access via Terminal.app or iTerm2
+
+macOS includes BSD tar pre-installed at `/usr/bin/tar`. This version works well for most use cases. However, if you need GNU tar (for compatibility with Linux systems or specific GNU extensions), install it via Homebrew.
+
+If Homebrew is not installed, install it first:
+
+```bash
+/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
+```
+
+#### Installation Steps
+
+**Check if tar is already available (BSD tar is pre-installed on macOS):**
+
+```bash
+tar --version
+```
+
+Expected output showing BSD tar:
+
+```
+bsdtar 3.5.3 - libarchive 3.5.3 zlib/1.2.11 liblzma/5.0.5 bz2lib/1.0.8
+```
+
+**To install GNU tar via Homebrew:**
+
+```bash
+brew install --quiet gnu-tar
+```
+
+The `--quiet` flag suppresses non-essential output, making the command suitable for automation scripts.
+
+GNU tar is installed with the `g` prefix as `gtar` to avoid conflicts with the system BSD tar. To use GNU tar as the default `tar` command, add the gnubin directory to your PATH:
+
+**For Apple Silicon Macs (M1/M2/M3):**
+
+```bash
+echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/gnu-tar/libexec/gnubin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc && source ~/.zshrc
+```
+
+**For Intel Macs:**
+
+```bash
+echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/gnu-tar/libexec/gnubin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc && source ~/.zshrc
+```
+
+#### Verification
+
+Verify BSD tar (pre-installed):
+
+```bash
+/usr/bin/tar --version
+```
+
+Verify GNU tar after Homebrew installation:
+
+```bash
+gtar --version
+```
+
+Expected output (version numbers may vary):
+
+```
+tar (GNU tar) 1.35
+Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
+This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
+There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
+
+Written by John Gilmore and Jay Fenlason.
+```
+
+If you added gnubin to PATH, verify `tar` points to GNU tar:
+
+```bash
+which tar
+tar --version
+```
+
+Expected output for Apple Silicon (after PATH modification):
+
+```
+/opt/homebrew/opt/gnu-tar/libexec/gnubin/tar
+tar (GNU tar) 1.35
+```
+
+#### Troubleshooting
+
+**Problem**: `gtar: command not found` after installation
+
+**Solution**: Restart your terminal or source your shell configuration:
+
+```bash
+source ~/.zshrc
+```
+
+**Problem**: `tar` still shows BSD tar after adding gnubin to PATH
+
+**Solution**: Ensure the gnubin path is added before the system paths. Check your PATH:
+
+```bash
+echo $PATH
+```
+
+The Homebrew gnubin directory should appear before `/usr/bin`. Restart your terminal after modifying `~/.zshrc`.
+
+**Problem**: Archive created on macOS has issues on Linux
+
+**Solution**: BSD tar stores extended attributes by default, which may cause issues on Linux. Use these flags when creating archives for cross-platform use:
+
+```bash
+tar --disable-copyfile -cvf archive.tar directory/
+```
+
+Or use GNU tar (`gtar`) for maximum Linux compatibility.
+
+---
+
+### Ubuntu/Debian (APT)
+
+#### Prerequisites
+
+- Ubuntu 18.04 LTS or later, or Debian 10 (Buster) or later
+- sudo privileges
+- Internet connectivity (only if tar is not installed)
+
+GNU tar is pre-installed on all Ubuntu and Debian systems as part of the core utilities. The steps below verify tar is present and install it if missing.
+
+#### Installation Steps
+
+**Check if tar is already installed (it should be):**
+
+```bash
+tar --version
+```
+
+Expected output (version numbers may vary):
+
+```
+tar (GNU tar) 1.34
+Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
+This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
+There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
+
+Written by John Gilmore and Jay Fenlason.
+```
+
+**If tar is not installed (rare), install it:**
+
+```bash
+sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get update -y && sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y tar
+```
+
+The `DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive` environment variable and `-y` flag ensure fully automated installation without prompts.
+
+#### Verification
+
+Confirm tar is available:
+
+```bash
+tar --version
+```
+
+Verify the installation location:
+
+```bash
+which tar
+```
+
+Expected output:
+
+```
+/usr/bin/tar
+```
+
+Test creating and extracting an archive:
+
+```bash
+echo "test" > /tmp/testfile.txt
+tar -cvf /tmp/test.tar -C /tmp testfile.txt
+tar -tvf /tmp/test.tar
+rm /tmp/testfile.txt /tmp/test.tar
+```
+
+#### Troubleshooting
+
+**Problem**: `tar: command not found`
+
+**Solution**: Install tar using APT:
+
+```bash
+sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get update -y && sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y tar
+```
+
+**Problem**: `E: Unable to locate package tar`
+
+**Solution**: Update the package list:
+
+```bash
+sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get update -y
+```
+
+**Problem**: Permission denied when extracting files
+
+**Solution**: Use sudo when extracting to system directories:
+
+```bash
+sudo tar -xvf archive.tar -C /destination
+```
+
+---
+
+### Raspberry Pi OS (APT)
+
+#### Prerequisites
+
+- Raspberry Pi OS (Bookworm or Bullseye recommended)
+- Raspberry Pi 2 or later (any model supported by Raspberry Pi OS)
+- sudo privileges
+- Internet connectivity (only if tar is not installed)
+
+Raspberry Pi OS is based on Debian, so tar installation follows the Debian/APT method. GNU tar is pre-installed on all Raspberry Pi OS installations.
+
+#### Installation Steps
+
+First, verify your architecture:
+
+```bash
+uname -m
+```
+
+- `aarch64` = 64-bit ARM
+- `armv7l` = 32-bit ARM
+
+**Check if tar is already installed (it should be):**
+
+```bash
+tar --version
+```
+
+Expected output (version numbers may vary):
+
+```
+tar (GNU tar) 1.34
+Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
+This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
+There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
+
+Written by John Gilmore and Jay Fenlason.
+```
+
+**If tar is not installed (rare), install it:**
+
+```bash
+sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get update -y && sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y tar
+```
+
+The installation command is identical for both 32-bit and 64-bit Raspberry Pi OS.
+
+#### Verification
+
+Confirm tar is available:
+
+```bash
+tar --version
+```
+
+Verify the installation location:
+
+```bash
+which tar
+```
+
+Expected output:
+
+```
+/usr/bin/tar
+```
+
+#### Troubleshooting
+
+**Problem**: `tar: command not found`
+
+**Solution**: Install tar using APT:
+
+```bash
+sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get update -y && sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y tar
+```
+
+**Problem**: Extraction is slow on SD card
+
+**Solution**: SD cards have limited I/O performance. For better extraction performance, use a high-quality SD card (Class 10 or A1/A2 rated) or boot from USB/SSD.
+
+**Problem**: "No space left on device" when extracting
+
+**Solution**: Check available disk space before extraction:
+
+```bash
+df -h
+```
+
+Clear space if needed:
+
+```bash
+sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get autoremove -y
+sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get clean
+```
+
+---
+
+### Amazon Linux (DNF/YUM)
+
+#### Prerequisites
+
+- Amazon Linux 2023 (AL2023) or Amazon Linux 2 (AL2)
+- sudo privileges
+- EC2 instance or compatible environment
+
+Amazon Linux 2023 uses DNF as the default package manager. Amazon Linux 2 uses YUM. GNU tar is pre-installed on all Amazon Linux versions as part of the base system.
+
+**Important**: Amazon Linux 2 reaches end of support on June 30, 2026. Migrate to Amazon Linux 2023 for long-term support.
+
+#### Installation Steps
+
+**Check if tar is already installed (it should be):**
+
+```bash
+tar --version
+```
+
+Expected output (version numbers may vary):
+
+```
+tar (GNU tar) 1.34
+Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
+This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
+There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
+
+Written by John Gilmore and Jay Fenlason.
+```
+
+**If tar is not installed (rare), install it:**
+
+**For Amazon Linux 2023 (AL2023):**
+
+```bash
+sudo dnf install -y tar
+```
+
+**For Amazon Linux 2 (AL2):**
+
+```bash
+sudo yum install -y tar
+```
+
+The `-y` flag automatically confirms installation, enabling non-interactive execution.
+
+#### Verification
+
+Confirm tar is available:
+
+```bash
+tar --version
+```
+
+Verify the installation location:
+
+```bash
+which tar
+```
+
+Expected output:
+
+```
+/usr/bin/tar
+```
+
+Get package information:
+
+```bash
+rpm -q tar
+```
+
+Expected output (version may vary):
+
+```
+tar-1.34-1.amzn2023.x86_64
+```
+
+#### Troubleshooting
+
+**Problem**: `tar: command not found`
+
+**Solution**: Install tar using DNF or YUM:
+
+```bash
+# For AL2023
+sudo dnf install -y tar
+
+# For AL2
+sudo yum install -y tar
+```
+
+**Problem**: `No match for argument: tar`
+
+**Solution**: Update the package cache and retry:
+
+```bash
+# For AL2023
+sudo dnf makecache
+sudo dnf install -y tar
+
+# For AL2
+sudo yum makecache
+sudo yum install -y tar
+```
+
+**Problem**: Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo
+
+**Solution**: Check network connectivity and repository configuration:
+
+```bash
+# For AL2023
+sudo dnf check-update
+
+# For AL2
+sudo yum check-update
+```
+
+---
+
+### Windows (Chocolatey/winget)
+
+#### Prerequisites
+
+- Windows 10 version 1803 or later, or Windows 11
+- Administrator PowerShell or Command Prompt
+
+Windows 10 (version 1803+) and Windows 11 include bsdtar pre-installed at `C:\Windows\System32\tar.exe`. This built-in tar supports common operations and is suitable for most use cases. No additional installation is required.
+
+#### Installation Steps
+
+**Verify tar is already available (it should be on Windows 10 1803+):**
+
+Open Command Prompt or PowerShell and run:
+
+```powershell
+tar --version
+```
+
+Expected output:
+
+```
+bsdtar 3.5.2 - libarchive 3.5.2 zlib/1.2.11 bz2lib/1.0.8 liblzma/5.2.4
+```
+
+**Alternative: Using Chocolatey for additional tar tools**
+
+If you need specialized tar functionality, TarTool is available via Chocolatey. First, ensure Chocolatey is installed by running this command in an Administrator PowerShell:
+
+```powershell
+Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://community.chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))
+```
+
+Install TarTool:
+
+```powershell
+choco install tartool -y
+```
+
+The `-y` flag automatically confirms all prompts, enabling fully non-interactive installation.
+
+**Alternative: Using winget for GNU tar**
+
+```powershell
+winget install --id GnuWin32.Tar --silent --accept-package-agreements --accept-source-agreements
+```
+
+#### Verification
+
+Verify the built-in tar:
+
+```powershell
+tar --version
+where tar
+```
+
+Expected output:
+
+```
+bsdtar 3.5.2 - libarchive 3.5.2 zlib/1.2.11 bz2lib/1.0.8 liblzma/5.2.4
+C:\Windows\System32\tar.exe
+```
+
+Test creating and extracting an archive:
+
+```powershell
+echo "test" > testfile.txt
+tar -cvf test.tar testfile.txt
+tar -tvf test.tar
+del testfile.txt test.tar
+```
+
+#### Troubleshooting
+
+**Problem**: `'tar' is not recognized as an internal or external command`
+
+**Solution**: Ensure you are on Windows 10 version 1803 or later. Check your Windows version:
+
+```powershell
+winver
+```
+
+If you are on an older version, install tar via Chocolatey or winget as shown above.
+
+**Problem**: tar fails with "Cannot read: Invalid argument"
+
+**Solution**: Windows bsdtar may have issues with certain path formats. Use forward slashes in paths:
+
+```powershell
+tar -cvf archive.tar path/to/files
+```
+
+**Problem**: Non-Latin characters in filenames cause issues
+
+**Solution**: The Windows built-in bsdtar has known issues with Unicode characters in paths. Consider using 7-Zip or GNU tar from Git Bash for archives with non-ASCII filenames.
+
+---
+
+### WSL (Ubuntu)
+
+#### Prerequisites
+
+- Windows 10 version 2004 or higher, or Windows 11
+- WSL 2 enabled with Ubuntu distribution installed
+- sudo privileges within WSL
+
+WSL runs Ubuntu (or another Linux distribution) within Windows. GNU tar is pre-installed in WSL Ubuntu distributions.
+
+#### Installation Steps
+
+Open your WSL Ubuntu terminal and verify tar is installed:
+
+```bash
+tar --version
+```
+
+Expected output (version numbers may vary):
+
+```
+tar (GNU tar) 1.34
+Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
+This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
+There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
+
+Written by John Gilmore and Jay Fenlason.
+```
+
+**If tar is not installed (rare), install it:**
+
+```bash
+sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get update -y && sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y tar
+```
+
+#### Verification
+
+Confirm tar is available:
+
+```bash
+tar --version
+which tar
+```
+
+Expected output:
+
+```
+tar (GNU tar) 1.34
+/usr/bin/tar
+```
+
+#### Troubleshooting
+
+**Problem**: tar shows different behavior in WSL vs Windows
+
+**Solution**: WSL uses GNU tar while Windows uses bsdtar. They have slightly different behaviors. Use WSL tar for Linux-compatible archives and Windows tar for Windows-specific use cases.
+
+**Problem**: Extracting archives from Windows filesystem is slow
+
+**Solution**: Store archives on the Linux filesystem (e.g., `/home/username`) for best performance. Accessing Windows files via `/mnt/c` has I/O overhead.
+
+**Problem**: Permission issues when extracting to Windows drives
+
+**Solution**: The Windows filesystem does not support Unix permissions. Extract to the Linux filesystem first, or use the `--no-same-owner` flag:
+
+```bash
+tar --no-same-owner -xvf archive.tar -C /mnt/c/destination
+```
+
+---
+
+### Git Bash (Windows)
+
+#### Prerequisites
+
+- Windows 10 or Windows 11
+- Git for Windows installed (Git Bash is bundled with it)
+
+Git Bash includes GNU tar bundled at `C:\Program Files\Git\usr\bin\tar.exe`. This is separate from the Windows built-in bsdtar. When running commands in Git Bash, the GNU tar takes precedence due to PATH ordering.
+
+#### Installation Steps
+
+Git for Windows includes GNU tar by default. If Git for Windows is not installed:
+
+**Install via Chocolatey (recommended):**
+
+```powershell
+choco install git -y
+```
+
+The `-y` flag automatically confirms all prompts, enabling non-interactive installation.
+
+**Or download from the official website:**
+
+Download from https://git-scm.com/download/win and run the installer.
+
+After installation, launch Git Bash from the Start Menu.
+
+#### Verification
+
+Open Git Bash and run:
+
+```bash
+tar --version
+```
+
+Expected output (version numbers may vary):
+
+```
+tar (GNU tar) 1.35
+Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
+This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
+There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
+
+Written by John Gilmore and Jay Fenlason.
+```
+
+Verify the location:
+
+```bash
+which tar
+```
+
+Expected output:
+
+```
+/usr/bin/tar
+```
+
+This corresponds to `C:\Program Files\Git\usr\bin\tar.exe` on the Windows filesystem.
+
+#### Troubleshooting
+
+**Problem**: tar command fails with Windows-style paths
+
+**Solution**: Git Bash tar requires Unix-style paths. Convert Windows paths:
+
+```bash
+# WRONG - will fail
+tar -cvf C:\Users\name\archive.tar files/
+
+# CORRECT - use Unix-style paths
+tar -cvf /c/Users/name/archive.tar files/
+```
+
+**Problem**: Archive paths contain mixed slashes
+
+**Solution**: Git Bash automatically converts paths, which can cause issues. Set `MSYS_NO_PATHCONV` to prevent path conversion:
+
+```bash
+MSYS_NO_PATHCONV=1 tar -cvf archive.tar files/
+```
+
+**Problem**: `tar: command not found`
+
+**Solution**: Git for Windows may not be installed or the Git usr/bin is not in PATH. Reinstall Git for Windows from https://git-scm.com/download/win or via Chocolatey:
+
+```powershell
+choco install git -y
+```
+
+**Problem**: Conflict between Git Bash tar and Windows tar
+
+**Solution**: Git Bash places its tar first in PATH. To explicitly use Windows tar, use the full path:
+
+```bash
+/c/Windows/System32/tar.exe --version
+```
+
+---
+
+## Post-Installation Configuration
+
+tar works out of the box with no configuration required. The following tips help with common use cases:
+
+### Common tar Commands
+
+**Create a compressed archive (.tar.gz):**
+
+```bash
+tar -czvf archive.tar.gz directory/
+```
+
+**Extract a compressed archive:**
+
+```bash
+tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz
+```
+
+**List contents of an archive:**
+
+```bash
+tar -tvf archive.tar.gz
+```
+
+**Extract to a specific directory:**
+
+```bash
+tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz -C /destination/path
+```
+
+### Understanding tar Flags
+
+| Flag | Meaning |
+|------|---------|
+| `-c` | Create a new archive |
+| `-x` | Extract files from an archive |
+| `-t` | List the contents of an archive |
+| `-v` | Verbose output (show files being processed) |
+| `-f` | Specify the archive filename |
+| `-z` | Filter through gzip (for .tar.gz files) |
+| `-j` | Filter through bzip2 (for .tar.bz2 files) |
+| `-J` | Filter through xz (for .tar.xz files) |
+| `-C` | Change to directory before operation |
+
+### Cross-Platform Compatibility
+
+When creating archives that will be used across different operating systems:
+
+**On macOS (for Linux compatibility):**
+
+```bash
+tar --disable-copyfile -cvf archive.tar directory/
+```
+
+Or use GNU tar:
+
+```bash
+gtar -cvf archive.tar directory/
+```
+
+**On Linux (standard):**
+
+```bash
+tar -cvf archive.tar directory/
+```
+
+**On Windows Git Bash:**
+
+```bash
+tar -cvf archive.tar directory/
+```
+
+---
+
+## Common Issues
+
+### Issue: "tar: Removing leading '/' from member names"
+
+**Symptoms**: Warning message when creating archives with absolute paths
+
+**Solution**: This is expected behavior, not an error. tar strips leading slashes to prevent extracting files to absolute paths (security feature). To preserve absolute paths (not recommended):
+
+```bash
+tar -cvPf archive.tar /absolute/path
+```
+
+### Issue: Archive created on macOS fails to extract on Linux
+
+**Symptoms**: Errors about extended attributes or unknown headers
+
+**Solution**: macOS BSD tar includes Apple-specific metadata. Create archives without extended attributes:
+
+```bash
+tar --disable-copyfile --no-xattrs -cvf archive.tar directory/
+```
+
+Or install and use GNU tar on macOS:
+
+```bash
+brew install --quiet gnu-tar
+gtar -cvf archive.tar directory/
+```
+
+### Issue: "tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now"
+
+**Symptoms**: tar exits with error during extraction
+
+**Solution**: The archive may be corrupted or truncated. Verify the archive:
+
+```bash
+gzip -t archive.tar.gz
+```
+
+If the archive is valid, try extracting with verbose output to identify the problematic file:
+
+```bash
+tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz
+```
+
+### Issue: Permission denied when extracting
+
+**Symptoms**: `tar: Cannot open: Permission denied`
+
+**Solution**: Use sudo for extracting to system directories, or extract as the file owner:
+
+```bash
+sudo tar -xvf archive.tar -C /destination
+```
+
+Or extract without preserving ownership:
+
+```bash
+tar --no-same-owner -xvf archive.tar
+```
+
+### Issue: Filename too long
+
+**Symptoms**: `tar: file name is too long`
+
+**Solution**: This occurs with older tar formats. Use the POSIX pax format:
+
+```bash
+tar --format=posix -cvf archive.tar directory/
+```
+
+### Issue: Symlinks not extracted correctly on Windows
+
+**Symptoms**: Symlinks become regular files or fail to extract
+
+**Solution**: Windows has limited symlink support. Run Git Bash as Administrator for symlink creation, or extract using WSL instead.
+
+---
+
+## References
+
+- [GNU tar Official Documentation](https://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/)
+- [GNU tar Manual](https://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/tar.html)
+- [BSD tar (libarchive) Documentation](https://www.libarchive.org/)
+- [Homebrew gnu-tar Formula](https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/gnu-tar)
+- [Differences Between BSD tar and GNU tar (Baeldung)](https://www.baeldung.com/linux/bsd-tar-gnu-tar-star)
+- [Microsoft: Tar and Curl Come to Windows](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/tar-and-curl-come-to-windows/)
+- [Ubuntu tar Manual Page](https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/jammy/man1/tar.1.html)
+- [Chocolatey TarTool Package](https://community.chocolatey.org/packages/tartool)
+- [winget GnuWin32.Tar Package](https://winget.run/pkg/GnuWin32/Tar)