@fosterg4/pi-subagent 1.0.0

package/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1436 @@
+/**
+ * @fosterg4/pi-subagent - Delegate tasks to specialized subagents
+ *
+ * Spawns a separate `pi` process for each subagent invocation,
+ * giving it an isolated context window.
+ *
+ * Supports three modes:
+ *   - Single: { agent: "name", task: "..." }
+ *   - Parallel: { tasks: [{ agent: "name", task: "..." }, ...] }
+ *   - Chain: { chain: [{ agent: "name", task: "... {previous} ..." }, ...] }
+ *
+ * Extends the reference implementation with:
+ *   - Bundled agent discovery (agents ship with the package)
+ *   - Contract schemas (inputSchema/outputSchema with structured JSON handoff)
+ *   - Live per-subagent TUI tool call streaming
+ */
+
+import { spawn } from "node:child_process";
+import * as fs from "node:fs";
+import * as os from "node:os";
+import * as path from "node:path";
+import type { Message } from "@earendil-works/pi-ai";
+import { StringEnum } from "@earendil-works/pi-ai";
+import {
+	type ExtensionAPI,
+	getMarkdownTheme,
+	withFileMutationQueue,
+} from "@earendil-works/pi-coding-agent";
+import { Container, Markdown, Spacer, Text } from "@earendil-works/pi-tui";
+import { Type } from "typebox";
+import {
+	type AgentConfig,
+	type AgentScope,
+	discoverAgents,
+	formatAgentList,
+} from "./agents.ts";
+import { type ValidationResult, validateSchema } from "./validate.ts";
+
+const MAX_PARALLEL_TASKS = 8;
+const MAX_CONCURRENCY = 4;
+const COLLAPSED_ITEM_COUNT = 10;
+const PER_TASK_OUTPUT_CAP = 50 * 1024;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Formatting utilities
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function formatTokens(count: number): string {
+	if (count < 1000) return count.toString();
+	if (count < 10000) return `${(count / 1000).toFixed(1)}k`;
+	if (count < 1000000) return `${Math.round(count / 1000)}k`;
+	return `${(count / 1000000).toFixed(1)}M`;
+}
+
+function formatUsageStats(
+	usage: {
+		input: number;
+		output: number;
+		cacheRead: number;
+		cacheWrite: number;
+		cost: number;
+		contextTokens?: number;
+		turns?: number;
+	},
+	model?: string,
+): string {
+	const parts: string[] = [];
+	if (usage.turns) parts.push(`${usage.turns} turn${usage.turns > 1 ? "s" : ""}`);
+	if (usage.input) parts.push(`\u2191${formatTokens(usage.input)}`);
+	if (usage.output) parts.push(`\u2193${formatTokens(usage.output)}`);
+	if (usage.cacheRead) parts.push(`R${formatTokens(usage.cacheRead)}`);
+	if (usage.cacheWrite) parts.push(`W${formatTokens(usage.cacheWrite)}`);
+	if (usage.cost) parts.push(`$${usage.cost.toFixed(4)}`);
+	if (usage.contextTokens && usage.contextTokens > 0) {
+		parts.push(`ctx:${formatTokens(usage.contextTokens)}`);
+	}
+	if (model) parts.push(model);
+	return parts.join(" ");
+}
+
+function formatToolCall(
+	toolName: string,
+	args: Record<string, unknown>,
+	themeFg: (color: string, text: string) => string,
+): string {
+	const shortenPath = (p: string) => {
+		const home = os.homedir();
+		return p.startsWith(home) ? `~${p.slice(home.length)}` : p;
+	};
+
+	switch (toolName) {
+		case "bash": {
+			const command = (args.command as string) || "...";
+			const preview = command.length > 60 ? `${command.slice(0, 60)}...` : command;
+			return themeFg("muted", "$ ") + themeFg("toolOutput", preview);
+		}
+		case "read": {
+			const rawPath = (args.file_path || args.path || "...") as string;
+			const filePath = shortenPath(rawPath);
+			const offset = args.offset as number | undefined;
+			const limit = args.limit as number | undefined;
+			let text = themeFg("accent", filePath);
+			if (offset !== undefined || limit !== undefined) {
+				const startLine = offset ?? 1;
+				const endLine = limit !== undefined ? startLine + limit - 1 : "";
+				text += themeFg("warning", `:${startLine}${endLine ? `-${endLine}` : ""}`);
+			}
+			return themeFg("muted", "read ") + text;
+		}
+		case "write": {
+			const rawPath = (args.file_path || args.path || "...") as string;
+			const filePath = shortenPath(rawPath);
+			const content = (args.content || "") as string;
+			const lines = content.split("\n").length;
+			let text = themeFg("muted", "write ") + themeFg("accent", filePath);
+			if (lines > 1) text += themeFg("dim", ` (${lines} lines)`);
+			return text;
+		}
+		case "edit": {
+			const rawPath = (args.file_path || args.path || "...") as string;
+			return themeFg("muted", "edit ") + themeFg("accent", shortenPath(rawPath));
+		}
+		case "ls":
+			return themeFg("muted", "ls ") + themeFg("accent", shortenPath((args.path || ".") as string));
+		case "find":
+			return (
+				themeFg("muted", "find ") +
+				themeFg("accent", (args.pattern || "*") as string) +
+				themeFg("dim", ` in ${shortenPath((args.path || ".") as string)}`)
+			);
+		case "grep":
+			return (
+				themeFg("muted", "grep ") +
+				themeFg("accent", `/${(args.pattern || "") as string}/`) +
+				themeFg("dim", ` in ${shortenPath((args.path || ".") as string)}`)
+			);
+		default:
+			return (
+				themeFg("accent", toolName) +
+				themeFg("dim", ` ${JSON.stringify(args).slice(0, 50)}...`)
+			);
+	}
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Types
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+interface UsageStats {
+	input: number;
+	output: number;
+	cacheRead: number;
+	cacheWrite: number;
+	cost: number;
+	contextTokens: number;
+	turns: number;
+}
+
+interface SingleResult {
+	agent: string;
+	agentSource: "user" | "project" | "bundled" | "unknown";
+	task: string;
+	exitCode: number;
+	messages: Message[];
+	stderr: string;
+	usage: UsageStats;
+	model?: string;
+	stopReason?: string;
+	errorMessage?: string;
+	step?: number;
+	structuredOutput?: Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+interface SubagentDetails {
+	mode: "single" | "parallel" | "chain";
+	agentScope: AgentScope;
+	projectAgentsDir: string | null;
+	results: SingleResult[];
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Result helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function getFinalOutput(messages: Message[]): string {
+	for (let i = messages.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		const msg = messages[i];
+		if (msg.role === "assistant") {
+			for (const part of msg.content) {
+				if (part.type === "text") return part.text;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return "";
+}
+
+function isFailedResult(result: SingleResult): boolean {
+	return (
+		result.exitCode !== 0 ||
+		result.stopReason === "error" ||
+		result.stopReason === "aborted"
+	);
+}
+
+function getResultOutput(result: SingleResult): string {
+	if (isFailedResult(result)) {
+		return (
+			result.errorMessage ||
+			result.stderr ||
+			getFinalOutput(result.messages) ||
+			"(no output)"
+		);
+	}
+	return getFinalOutput(result.messages) || "(no output)";
+}
+
+function truncateParallelOutput(output: string): string {
+	const byteLength = Buffer.byteLength(output, "utf8");
+	if (byteLength <= PER_TASK_OUTPUT_CAP) return output;
+
+	let truncated = output.slice(0, PER_TASK_OUTPUT_CAP);
+	while (Buffer.byteLength(truncated, "utf8") > PER_TASK_OUTPUT_CAP) {
+		truncated = truncated.slice(0, -1);
+	}
+	return `${truncated}\n\n[Output truncated: ${byteLength - Buffer.byteLength(truncated, "utf8")} bytes omitted. Full output preserved in tool details.]`;
+}
+
+type DisplayItem =
+	| { type: "text"; text: string }
+	| { type: "toolCall"; name: string; args: Record<string, unknown> };
+
+function getDisplayItems(messages: Message[]): DisplayItem[] {
+	const items: DisplayItem[] = [];
+	for (const msg of messages) {
+		if (msg.role === "assistant") {
+			for (const part of msg.content) {
+				if (part.type === "text")
+					items.push({ type: "text", text: part.text });
+				else if (part.type === "toolCall")
+					items.push({ type: "toolCall", name: part.name, args: part.arguments });
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return items;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Concurrency
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+async function mapWithConcurrencyLimit<TIn, TOut>(
+	items: TIn[],
+	concurrency: number,
+	fn: (item: TIn, index: number) => Promise<TOut>,
+): Promise<TOut[]> {
+	if (items.length === 0) return [];
+	const limit = Math.max(1, Math.min(concurrency, items.length));
+	const results: TOut[] = new Array(items.length);
+	let nextIndex = 0;
+	const workers = new Array(limit).fill(null).map(async () => {
+		while (true) {
+			const current = nextIndex++;
+			if (current >= items.length) return;
+			results[current] = await fn(items[current], current);
+		}
+	});
+	await Promise.all(workers);
+	return results;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Temp prompt file
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+async function writePromptToTempFile(
+	agentName: string,
+	prompt: string,
+): Promise<{ dir: string; filePath: string }> {
+	const tmpDir = await fs.promises.mkdtemp(
+		path.join(os.tmpdir(), "pi-subagent-"),
+	);
+	const safeName = agentName.replace(/[^\w.-]+/g, "_");
+	const filePath = path.join(tmpDir, `prompt-${safeName}.md`);
+	await withFileMutationQueue(filePath, async () => {
+		await fs.promises.writeFile(filePath, prompt, {
+			encoding: "utf-8",
+			mode: 0o600,
+		});
+	});
+	return { dir: tmpDir, filePath };
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Pi invocation helper
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function getPiInvocation(
+	args: string[],
+): { command: string; args: string[] } {
+	const currentScript = process.argv[1];
+	const isBunVirtualScript = currentScript?.startsWith("/$bunfs/root/");
+	if (currentScript && !isBunVirtualScript && fs.existsSync(currentScript)) {
+		return { command: process.execPath, args: [currentScript, ...args] };
+	}
+
+	const execName = path.basename(process.execPath).toLowerCase();
+	const isGenericRuntime = /^(node|bun)(\.exe)?$/.test(execName);
+	if (!isGenericRuntime) {
+		return { command: process.execPath, args };
+	}
+
+	return { command: "pi", args };
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Extract structured JSON from assistant output
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function extractStructuredOutput(
+	messages: Message[],
+): Record<string, unknown> | undefined {
+	const finalOutput = getFinalOutput(messages);
+	if (!finalOutput) return undefined;
+
+	// Try to parse the entire output as JSON
+	try {
+		return JSON.parse(finalOutput) as Record<string, unknown>;
+	} catch {
+		// Not valid JSON — look for a JSON code block
+		const jsonMatch = finalOutput.match(/```(?:json)?\s*([\s\S]*?)\s*```/);
+		if (jsonMatch) {
+			try {
+				return JSON.parse(jsonMatch[1]) as Record<string, unknown>;
+			} catch {
+				return undefined;
+			}
+		}
+		return undefined;
+	}
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Run single agent
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type OnUpdateCallback = (partial: {
+	content: { type: "text"; text: string }[];
+	details: SubagentDetails;
+}) => void;
+
+async function runSingleAgent(
+	defaultCwd: string,
+	agents: AgentConfig[],
+	agentName: string,
+	task: string,
+	cwd: string | undefined,
+	step: number | undefined,
+	signal: AbortSignal | undefined,
+	onUpdate: OnUpdateCallback | undefined,
+	makeDetails: (results: SingleResult[]) => SubagentDetails,
+): Promise<SingleResult> {
+	const agent = agents.find((a) => a.name === agentName);
+
+	if (!agent) {
+		const available =
+			agents.map((a) => `"${a.name}"`).join(", ") || "none";
+		return {
+			agent: agentName,
+			agentSource: "unknown",
+			task,
+			exitCode: 1,
+			messages: [],
+			stderr: `Unknown agent: "${agentName}". Available agents: ${available}.`,
+			usage: {
+				input: 0,
+				output: 0,
+				cacheRead: 0,
+				cacheWrite: 0,
+				cost: 0,
+				contextTokens: 0,
+				turns: 0,
+			},
+			step,
+		};
+	}
+
+	// Validate task against agent's inputSchema if present
+	if (agent.inputSchema) {
+		const taskInput = parseStructuredTask(task);
+		const validation = validateSchema(taskInput, agent.inputSchema);
+		if (!validation.valid) {
+			return {
+				agent: agentName,
+				agentSource: agent.source,
+				task,
+				exitCode: 1,
+				messages: [],
+				stderr: `Input validation failed for agent "${agentName}":\n${(validation.errors ?? []).join("\n")}\n\nExpected schema: ${JSON.stringify(agent.inputSchema, null, 2)}`,
+				usage: {
+					input: 0,
+					output: 0,
+					cacheRead: 0,
+					cacheWrite: 0,
+					cost: 0,
+					contextTokens: 0,
+					turns: 0,
+				},
+				step,
+			};
+		}
+	}
+
+	const args: string[] = ["--mode", "json", "-p", "--no-session"];
+	if (agent.model) args.push("--model", agent.model);
+	if (agent.tools && agent.tools.length > 0)
+		args.push("--tools", agent.tools.join(","));
+
+	let tmpPromptDir: string | null = null;
+	let tmpPromptPath: string | null = null;
+
+	const currentResult: SingleResult = {
+		agent: agentName,
+		agentSource: agent.source,
+		task,
+		exitCode: 0,
+		messages: [],
+		stderr: "",
+		usage: {
+			input: 0,
+			output: 0,
+			cacheRead: 0,
+			cacheWrite: 0,
+			cost: 0,
+			contextTokens: 0,
+			turns: 0,
+		},
+		model: agent.model,
+		step,
+	};
+
+	const emitUpdate = () => {
+		if (onUpdate) {
+			onUpdate({
+				content: [
+					{
+						type: "text",
+						text: getFinalOutput(currentResult.messages) || "(running...)",
+					},
+				],
+				details: makeDetails([currentResult]),
+			});
+		}
+	};
+
+	try {
+		if (agent.systemPrompt.trim()) {
+			const tmp = await writePromptToTempFile(agent.name, agent.systemPrompt);
+			tmpPromptDir = tmp.dir;
+			tmpPromptPath = tmp.filePath;
+			args.push("--append-system-prompt", tmpPromptPath);
+		}
+
+		args.push(`Task: ${task}`);
+
+		const exitCode = await new Promise<number>((resolve) => {
+			const invocation = getPiInvocation(args);
+			const proc = spawn(invocation.command, invocation.args, {
+				cwd: cwd ?? defaultCwd,
+				shell: false,
+				stdio: ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"],
+			});
+			let buffer = "";
+
+			const processLine = (line: string) => {
+				if (!line.trim()) return;
+				let event: Record<string, unknown>;
+				try {
+					event = JSON.parse(line);
+				} catch {
+					return;
+				}
+
+				if (event.type === "message_end" && event.message) {
+					const msg = event.message as Message;
+					currentResult.messages.push(msg);
+
+					if (msg.role === "assistant") {
+						currentResult.usage.turns++;
+						const usage = msg.usage;
+						if (usage) {
+							currentResult.usage.input += usage.input || 0;
+							currentResult.usage.output += usage.output || 0;
+							currentResult.usage.cacheRead += usage.cacheRead || 0;
+							currentResult.usage.cacheWrite += usage.cacheWrite || 0;
+							currentResult.usage.cost += usage.cost?.total || 0;
+							currentResult.usage.contextTokens = usage.totalTokens || 0;
+						}
+						if (!currentResult.model && msg.model)
+							currentResult.model = msg.model;
+						if (msg.stopReason) currentResult.stopReason = msg.stopReason;
+						if (msg.errorMessage) currentResult.errorMessage = msg.errorMessage;
+					}
+					emitUpdate();
+				}
+
+				if (event.type === "tool_result_end" && event.message) {
+					currentResult.messages.push(event.message as Message);
+					emitUpdate();
+				}
+			};
+
+			proc.stdout.on("data", (data: Buffer) => {
+				buffer += data.toString();
+				const lines = buffer.split("\n");
+				buffer = lines.pop() || "";
+				for (const line of lines) processLine(line);
+			});
+
+			proc.stderr.on("data", (data: Buffer) => {
+				currentResult.stderr += data.toString();
+			});
+
+			proc.on("close", (code) => {
+				if (buffer.trim()) processLine(buffer);
+				resolve(code ?? 0);
+			});
+
+			proc.on("error", () => {
+				resolve(1);
+			});
+
+			if (signal) {
+				let wasAborted = false;
+				const killProc = () => {
+					if (wasAborted) return;
+					wasAborted = true;
+					currentResult.stopReason = "aborted";
+					proc.kill("SIGTERM");
+					setTimeout(() => {
+						if (!proc.killed) proc.kill("SIGKILL");
+					}, 5000);
+				};
+				if (signal.aborted) killProc();
+				else signal.addEventListener("abort", killProc, { once: true });
+			}
+		});
+
+		currentResult.exitCode = exitCode;
+
+		// Extract structured output from final messages
+		if (agent.outputSchema) {
+			currentResult.structuredOutput = extractStructuredOutput(
+				currentResult.messages,
+			);
+
+			// Validate structured output against outputSchema
+			if (currentResult.structuredOutput) {
+				const validation = validateSchema(
+					currentResult.structuredOutput,
+					agent.outputSchema,
+				);
+				if (!validation.valid) {
+					currentResult.stderr += `\n[Output schema validation warning: ${(validation.errors ?? []).join("; ")}]`;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return currentResult;
+	} finally {
+		if (tmpPromptPath)
+			try {
+				fs.unlinkSync(tmpPromptPath);
+			} catch {
+				/* ignore */
+			}
+		if (tmpPromptDir)
+			try {
+				fs.rmdirSync(tmpPromptDir);
+			} catch {
+				/* ignore */
+			}
+	}
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Parse structured task from text
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function parseStructuredTask(task: string): Record<string, unknown> {
+	try {
+		return JSON.parse(task) as Record<string, unknown>;
+	} catch {
+		return { query: task };
+	}
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Tool parameter schemas
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const TaskItem = Type.Object({
+	agent: Type.String({ description: "Name of the agent to invoke" }),
+	task: Type.String({ description: "Task to delegate to the agent" }),
+	cwd: Type.Optional(
+		Type.String({ description: "Working directory for the agent process" }),
+	),
+});
+
+const ChainItem = Type.Object({
+	agent: Type.String({ description: "Name of the agent to invoke" }),
+	task: Type.String({
+		description:
+			"Task with optional {previous} placeholder for prior output",
+	}),
+	cwd: Type.Optional(
+		Type.String({ description: "Working directory for the agent process" }),
+	),
+});
+
+const AgentScopeSchema = StringEnum(["user", "project", "both"] as const, {
+	description:
+		'Which agent directories to use. Default: "user". Use "both" to include project-local agents.',
+	default: "user",
+});
+
+const SubagentParams = Type.Object({
+	agent: Type.Optional(
+		Type.String({ description: "Name of the agent to invoke (for single mode)" }),
+	),
+	task: Type.Optional(
+		Type.String({ description: "Task to delegate (for single mode)" }),
+	),
+	tasks: Type.Optional(
+		Type.Array(TaskItem, {
+			description: "Array of {agent, task} for parallel execution",
+		}),
+	),
+	chain: Type.Optional(
+		Type.Array(ChainItem, {
+			description:
+				"Array of {agent, task} for sequential execution",
+		}),
+	),
+	agentScope: Type.Optional(AgentScopeSchema),
+	confirmProjectAgents: Type.Optional(
+		Type.Boolean({
+			description:
+				"Prompt before running project-local agents. Default: true.",
+			default: true,
+		}),
+	),
+	cwd: Type.Optional(
+		Type.String({
+			description: "Working directory for the agent process (single mode)",
+		}),
+	),
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Extension entry
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export default function (pi: ExtensionAPI) {
+	pi.registerTool({
+		name: "subagent",
+		label: "Subagent",
+		description: [
+			"Delegate tasks to specialized subagents with isolated context.",
+			"Modes: single (agent + task), parallel (tasks array), chain (sequential with {previous} placeholder).",
+			'Default agent scope is "user" (from ~/.pi/agent/agents).',
+			'To enable project-local agents in .pi/agents, set agentScope: "both" (or "project").',
+		].join(" "),
+		parameters: SubagentParams,
+
+		async execute(
+			_toolCallId,
+			params,
+			signal,
+			onUpdate,
+			ctx,
+		) {
+			const agentScope: AgentScope = params.agentScope ?? "user";
+			const discovery = discoverAgents(ctx.cwd, agentScope);
+			const agents = discovery.agents;
+
+			const hasChain = (params.chain?.length ?? 0) > 0;
+			const hasTasks = (params.tasks?.length ?? 0) > 0;
+			const hasSingle = Boolean(params.agent && params.task);
+			const modeCount =
+				Number(hasChain) + Number(hasTasks) + Number(hasSingle);
+
+			const makeDetails =
+				(mode: "single" | "parallel" | "chain") =>
+				(results: SingleResult[]): SubagentDetails => ({
+					mode,
+					agentScope,
+					projectAgentsDir: discovery.projectAgentsDir,
+					results,
+				});
+
+			if (modeCount !== 1) {
+				const formatted = formatAgentList(agents, 10);
+				const available = formatted.text || "none";
+				return {
+					content: [
+						{
+							type: "text",
+							text: `Invalid parameters. Provide exactly one of: agent+task, tasks[], or chain[].\nAvailable agents: ${available}`,
+						},
+					],
+					details: makeDetails("single")([]),
+				};
+			}
+
+			// Confirm project agents
+			if (
+				(agentScope === "project" || agentScope === "both") &&
+				params.confirmProjectAgents !== false &&
+				ctx.hasUI
+			) {
+				const requestedAgentNames = new Set<string>();
+				if (params.chain)
+					for (const step of params.chain)
+						requestedAgentNames.add(step.agent);
+				if (params.tasks)
+					for (const t of params.tasks)
+						requestedAgentNames.add(t.agent);
+				if (params.agent) requestedAgentNames.add(params.agent);
+
+				const projectAgentsRequested = Array.from(requestedAgentNames)
+					.map((name) => agents.find((a) => a.name === name))
+					.filter(
+						(a): a is AgentConfig =>
+							a?.source === "project",
+					);
+
+				if (projectAgentsRequested.length > 0) {
+					const names = projectAgentsRequested
+						.map((a) => a.name)
+						.join(", ");
+					const dir = discovery.projectAgentsDir ?? "(unknown)";
+					const ok = await ctx.ui.confirm(
+						"Run project-local agents?",
+						`Agents: ${names}\nSource: ${dir}\n\nProject agents are repo-controlled. Only continue for trusted repositories.`,
+					);
+					if (!ok)
+						return {
+							content: [
+								{
+									type: "text",
+									text: "Canceled: project-local agents not approved.",
+								},
+							],
+							details: makeDetails(
+								hasChain ? "chain" : hasTasks ? "parallel" : "single",
+							)([]),
+						};
+				}
+			}
+
+			// ---- Chain mode ----
+			if (params.chain && params.chain.length > 0) {
+				const results: SingleResult[] = [];
+				let previousStructured: Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
+
+				for (let i = 0; i < params.chain.length; i++) {
+					const step = params.chain[i];
+					let taskWithContext = step.task;
+
+					// Replace {previous} with structured output from prior step
+					if (previousStructured) {
+						taskWithContext = taskWithContext.replace(
+							/\{previous\}/g,
+							JSON.stringify(previousStructured, null, 2),
+						);
+					} else {
+						taskWithContext = taskWithContext.replace(
+							/\{previous\}/g,
+							getFinalOutput(results[i - 1]?.messages ?? ""),
+						);
+					}
+
+					const chainUpdate: OnUpdateCallback | undefined = onUpdate
+						? (partial) => {
+								const currentResult = partial.details?.results[0];
+								if (currentResult) {
+									const allResults = [...results, currentResult];
+									onUpdate({
+										content: partial.content,
+										details: makeDetails("chain")(allResults),
+									});
+								}
+							}
+						: undefined;
+
+					const result = await runSingleAgent(
+						ctx.cwd,
+						agents,
+						step.agent,
+						taskWithContext,
+						step.cwd,
+						i + 1,
+						signal,
+						chainUpdate,
+						makeDetails("chain"),
+					);
+					results.push(result);
+
+					// Check if next agent in chain expects structured input
+					const nextAgent = params.chain[i + 1];
+					if (
+						nextAgent &&
+						result.structuredOutput &&
+						!isFailedResult(result)
+					) {
+						previousStructured = result.structuredOutput;
+					} else {
+						previousStructured = undefined;
+					}
+
+					if (isFailedResult(result)) {
+						const errorMsg = getResultOutput(result);
+						return {
+							content: [
+								{
+									type: "text",
+									text: `Chain stopped at step ${i + 1} (${step.agent}): ${errorMsg}`,
+								},
+							],
+							details: makeDetails("chain")(results),
+							isError: true,
+						};
+					}
+				}
+
+				const lastResult = results[results.length - 1];
+				return {
+					content: [
+						{
+							type: "text",
+							text:
+								getFinalOutput(lastResult.messages) || "(no output)",
+						},
+					],
+					details: makeDetails("chain")(results),
+				};
+			}
+
+			// ---- Parallel mode ----
+			if (params.tasks && params.tasks.length > 0) {
+				if (params.tasks.length > MAX_PARALLEL_TASKS)
+					return {
+						content: [
+							{
+								type: "text",
+								text: `Too many parallel tasks (${params.tasks.length}). Max is ${MAX_PARALLEL_TASKS}.`,
+							},
+						],
+						details: makeDetails("parallel")([]),
+					};
+
+				const allResults: SingleResult[] = new Array(params.tasks.length);
+
+				for (let i = 0; i < params.tasks.length; i++) {
+					allResults[i] = {
+						agent: params.tasks[i].agent,
+						agentSource: "unknown",
+						task: params.tasks[i].task,
+						exitCode: -1,
+						messages: [],
+						stderr: "",
+						usage: {
+							input: 0,
+							output: 0,
+							cacheRead: 0,
+							cacheWrite: 0,
+							cost: 0,
+							contextTokens: 0,
+							turns: 0,
+						},
+					};
+				}
+
+				const emitParallelUpdate = () => {
+					if (onUpdate) {
+						const running = allResults.filter((r) => r.exitCode === -1).length;
+						const done = allResults.filter((r) => r.exitCode !== -1).length;
+						onUpdate({
+							content: [
+								{
+									type: "text",
+									text: `Parallel: ${done}/${allResults.length} done, ${running} running...`,
+								},
+							],
+							details: makeDetails("parallel")([...allResults]),
+						});
+					}
+				};
+
+				const results = await mapWithConcurrencyLimit(
+					params.tasks,
+					MAX_CONCURRENCY,
+					async (t, index) => {
+						const result = await runSingleAgent(
+							ctx.cwd,
+							agents,
+							t.agent,
+							t.task,
+							t.cwd,
+							undefined,
+							signal,
+							(partial) => {
+								if (partial.details?.results[0]) {
+									allResults[index] = partial.details.results[0];
+									emitParallelUpdate();
+								}
+							},
+							makeDetails("parallel"),
+						);
+						allResults[index] = result;
+						emitParallelUpdate();
+						return result;
+					},
+				);
+
+				const successCount = results.filter(
+					(r) => !isFailedResult(r),
+				).length;
+				const summaries = results.map((r) => {
+					const output = truncateParallelOutput(getResultOutput(r));
+					const status = isFailedResult(r)
+						? `failed${r.stopReason && r.stopReason !== "end" ? ` (${r.stopReason})` : ""}`
+						: "completed";
+					return `### [${r.agent}] ${status}\n\n${output}`;
+				});
+				return {
+					content: [
+						{
+							type: "text",
+							text: `Parallel: ${successCount}/${results.length} succeeded\n\n${summaries.join("\n\n---\n\n")}`,
+						},
+					],
+					details: makeDetails("parallel")(results),
+				};
+			}
+
+			// ---- Single mode ----
+			if (params.agent && params.task) {
+				const result = await runSingleAgent(
+					ctx.cwd,
+					agents,
+					params.agent,
+					params.task,
+					params.cwd,
+					undefined,
+					signal,
+					onUpdate,
+					makeDetails("single"),
+				);
+				const isError = isFailedResult(result);
+				if (isError) {
+					const errorMsg = getResultOutput(result);
+					return {
+						content: [
+							{
+								type: "text",
+								text: `Agent ${result.stopReason || "failed"}: ${errorMsg}`,
+							},
+						],
+						details: makeDetails("single")([result]),
+						isError: true,
+					};
+				}
+				return {
+					content: [
+						{
+							type: "text",
+							text: getFinalOutput(result.messages) || "(no output)",
+						},
+					],
+					details: makeDetails("single")([result]),
+				};
+			}
+
+			const formatted = formatAgentList(agents, 10);
+			const available = formatted.text || "none";
+			return {
+				content: [
+					{
+						type: "text",
+						text: `Invalid parameters. Available agents: ${available}`,
+					},
+				],
+				details: makeDetails("single")([]),
+			};
+		},
+
+		// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+		// TUI rendering
+		// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+		renderCall(args, theme, _context) {
+			const scope: AgentScope = args.agentScope ?? "user";
+			if (args.chain && args.chain.length > 0) {
+				let text =
+					theme.fg("toolTitle", theme.bold("subagent ")) +
+					theme.fg("accent", `chain (${args.chain.length} steps)`) +
+					theme.fg("muted", ` [${scope}]`);
+				for (let i = 0; i < Math.min(args.chain.length, 3); i++) {
+					const step = args.chain[i];
+					const cleanTask = step.task.replace(/\{previous\}/g, "").trim();
+					const preview =
+						cleanTask.length > 40
+							? `${cleanTask.slice(0, 40)}...`
+							: cleanTask;
+					text +=
+						"\n  " +
+						theme.fg("muted", `${i + 1}.`) +
+						" " +
+						theme.fg("accent", step.agent) +
+						theme.fg("dim", ` ${preview}`);
+				}
+				if (args.chain.length > 3)
+					text += `\n  ${theme.fg("muted", `... +${args.chain.length - 3} more`)}`;
+				return new Text(text, 0, 0);
+			}
+			if (args.tasks && args.tasks.length > 0) {
+				let text =
+					theme.fg("toolTitle", theme.bold("subagent ")) +
+					theme.fg("accent", `parallel (${args.tasks.length} tasks)`) +
+					theme.fg("muted", ` [${scope}]`);
+				for (const t of args.tasks.slice(0, 3)) {
+					const preview =
+						t.task.length > 40 ? `${t.task.slice(0, 40)}...` : t.task;
+					text += `\n  ${theme.fg("accent", t.agent)}${theme.fg("dim", ` ${preview}`)}`;
+				}
+				if (args.tasks.length > 3)
+					text += `\n  ${theme.fg("muted", `... +${args.tasks.length - 3} more`)}`;
+				return new Text(text, 0, 0);
+			}
+			const agentName = args.agent || "...";
+			const preview = args.task
+				? args.task.length > 60
+					? `${args.task.slice(0, 60)}...`
+					: args.task
+				: "...";
+			let text =
+				theme.fg("toolTitle", theme.bold("subagent ")) +
+				theme.fg("accent", agentName) +
+				theme.fg("muted", ` [${scope}]`);
+			text += `\n  ${theme.fg("dim", preview)}`;
+			return new Text(text, 0, 0);
+		},
+
+		renderResult(result, { expanded }, theme, _context) {
+			const details = result.details as SubagentDetails | undefined;
+			if (!details || details.results.length === 0) {
+				const text = result.content[0];
+				return new Text(
+					text?.type === "text" ? text.text : "(no output)",
+					0,
+					0,
+				);
+			}
+
+			const mdTheme = getMarkdownTheme();
+
+			const renderDisplayItems = (items: DisplayItem[], limit?: number) => {
+				const toShow = limit ? items.slice(-limit) : items;
+				const skipped = limit && items.length > limit ? items.length - limit : 0;
+				let text = "";
+				if (skipped > 0)
+					text += theme.fg("muted", `... ${skipped} earlier items\n`);
+				for (const item of toShow) {
+					if (item.type === "text") {
+						const preview = expanded
+							? item.text
+							: item.text.split("\n").slice(0, 3).join("\n");
+						text += `${theme.fg("toolOutput", preview)}\n`;
+					} else {
+						text += `${theme.fg("muted", "\u2192 ") + formatToolCall(item.name, item.args, theme.fg.bind(theme))}\n`;
+					}
+				}
+				return text.trimEnd();
+			};
+
+			// --- Single mode ---
+			if (details.mode === "single" && details.results.length === 1) {
+				const r = details.results[0];
+				const isError = isFailedResult(r);
+				const icon = isError
+					? theme.fg("error", "\u2717")
+					: theme.fg("success", "\u2713");
+				const displayItems = getDisplayItems(r.messages);
+
+				if (expanded) {
+					const container = new Container();
+					let header = `${icon} ${theme.fg("toolTitle", theme.bold(r.agent))}${theme.fg("muted", ` (${r.agentSource})`)}`;
+					if (isError && r.stopReason)
+						header += ` ${theme.fg("error", `[${r.stopReason}]`)}`;
+					container.addChild(new Text(header, 0, 0));
+					if (isError && r.errorMessage)
+						container.addChild(
+							new Text(theme.fg("error", `Error: ${r.errorMessage}`), 0, 0),
+						);
+					container.addChild(new Spacer(1));
+					container.addChild(new Text(theme.fg("muted", "\u2500\u2500\u2500 Task \u2500\u2500\u2500"), 0, 0));
+					container.addChild(new Text(theme.fg("dim", r.task), 0, 0));
+
+					// Show tool calls
+					const toolCalls = displayItems.filter(
+						(i) => i.type === "toolCall",
+					);
+					if (toolCalls.length > 0) {
+						container.addChild(new Spacer(1));
+						container.addChild(
+							new Text(
+								theme.fg("muted", "\u2500\u2500\u2500 Tool Calls \u2500\u2500\u2500"),
+								0,
+								0,
+							),
+						);
+						for (const item of toolCalls) {
+							container.addChild(
+								new Text(
+									theme.fg("muted", "\u2192 ") +
+										formatToolCall(
+											item.name,
+											item.args,
+											theme.fg.bind(theme),
+										),
+									0,
+									0,
+								),
+							);
+						}
+					}
+
+					// Show structured output if available
+					if (r.structuredOutput && Object.keys(r.structuredOutput).length > 0) {
+						container.addChild(new Spacer(1));
+						container.addChild(
+							new Text(
+								theme.fg("muted", "\u2500\u2500\u2500 Structured Output \u2500\u2500\u2500"),
+								0,
+								0,
+							),
+						);
+						container.addChild(
+							new Text(
+								theme.fg("toolOutput", JSON.stringify(r.structuredOutput, null, 2)),
+								0,
+								0,
+							),
+						);
+					}
+
+					// Show final output
+					const finalOutput = getFinalOutput(r.messages);
+					if (finalOutput) {
+						container.addChild(new Spacer(1));
+						container.addChild(
+							new Text(theme.fg("muted", "\u2500\u2500\u2500 Output \u2500\u2500\u2500"), 0, 0),
+						);
+						container.addChild(new Markdown(finalOutput.trim(), 0, 0, mdTheme));
+					}
+
+					const usageStr = formatUsageStats(r.usage, r.model);
+					if (usageStr) {
+						container.addChild(new Spacer(1));
+						container.addChild(new Text(theme.fg("dim", usageStr), 0, 0));
+					}
+					return container;
+				}
+
+				let text = `${icon} ${theme.fg("toolTitle", theme.bold(r.agent))}${theme.fg("muted", ` (${r.agentSource})`)}`;
+				if (isError && r.stopReason) text += ` ${theme.fg("error", `[${r.stopReason}]`)}`;
+				if (isError && r.errorMessage)
+					text += `\n${theme.fg("error", `Error: ${r.errorMessage}`)}`;
+				else if (displayItems.length === 0)
+					text += `\n${theme.fg("muted", "(no output)")}`;
+				else {
+					text += `\n${renderDisplayItems(displayItems, COLLAPSED_ITEM_COUNT)}`;
+					if (displayItems.length > COLLAPSED_ITEM_COUNT)
+						text += `\n${theme.fg("muted", "(Ctrl+O to expand)")}`;
+				}
+				const usageStr = formatUsageStats(r.usage, r.model);
+				if (usageStr) text += `\n${theme.fg("dim", usageStr)}`;
+				return new Text(text, 0, 0);
+			}
+
+			const aggregateUsage = (results: SingleResult[]) => {
+				const total = {
+					input: 0,
+					output: 0,
+					cacheRead: 0,
+					cacheWrite: 0,
+					cost: 0,
+					turns: 0,
+				};
+				for (const r of results) {
+					total.input += r.usage.input;
+					total.output += r.usage.output;
+					total.cacheRead += r.usage.cacheRead;
+					total.cacheWrite += r.usage.cacheWrite;
+					total.cost += r.usage.cost;
+					total.turns += r.usage.turns;
+				}
+				return total;
+			};
+
+			// --- Chain mode ---
+			if (details.mode === "chain") {
+				const successCount = details.results.filter(
+					(r) => r.exitCode === 0,
+				).length;
+				const icon =
+					successCount === details.results.length
+						? theme.fg("success", "\u2713")
+						: theme.fg("error", "\u2717");
+
+				if (expanded) {
+					const container = new Container();
+					container.addChild(
+						new Text(
+							icon +
+								" " +
+								theme.fg("toolTitle", theme.bold("chain ")) +
+								theme.fg("accent", `${successCount}/${details.results.length} steps`),
+							0,
+							0,
+						),
+					);
+
+					for (const r of details.results) {
+						const rIcon =
+							r.exitCode === 0
+								? theme.fg("success", "\u2713")
+								: theme.fg("error", "\u2717");
+						const displayItems = getDisplayItems(r.messages);
+						const finalOutput = getFinalOutput(r.messages);
+
+						container.addChild(new Spacer(1));
+						container.addChild(
+							new Text(
+								`${theme.fg("muted", `\u2500\u2500\u2500 Step ${r.step}: `) + theme.fg("accent", r.agent)} ${rIcon}`,
+								0,
+								0,
+							),
+						);
+						container.addChild(
+							new Text(theme.fg("muted", "Task: ") + theme.fg("dim", r.task), 0, 0),
+						);
+
+						for (const item of displayItems) {
+							if (item.type === "toolCall") {
+								container.addChild(
+									new Text(
+										theme.fg("muted", "\u2192 ") +
+											formatToolCall(
+												item.name,
+												item.args,
+												theme.fg.bind(theme),
+											),
+										0,
+										0,
+									),
+								);
+							}
+						}
+
+						if (finalOutput) {
+							container.addChild(new Spacer(1));
+							container.addChild(
+								new Markdown(finalOutput.trim(), 0, 0, mdTheme),
+							);
+						}
+
+						const stepUsage = formatUsageStats(r.usage, r.model);
+						if (stepUsage)
+							container.addChild(new Text(theme.fg("dim", stepUsage), 0, 0));
+					}
+
+					const usageStr = formatUsageStats(aggregateUsage(details.results));
+					if (usageStr) {
+						container.addChild(new Spacer(1));
+						container.addChild(
+							new Text(theme.fg("dim", `Total: ${usageStr}`), 0, 0),
+						);
+					}
+					return container;
+				}
+
+				let text =
+					icon +
+					" " +
+					theme.fg("toolTitle", theme.bold("chain ")) +
+					theme.fg("accent", `${successCount}/${details.results.length} steps`);
+				for (const r of details.results) {
+					const rIcon =
+						r.exitCode === 0
+							? theme.fg("success", "\u2713")
+							: theme.fg("error", "\u2717");
+					const displayItems = getDisplayItems(r.messages);
+					text += `\n\n${theme.fg("muted", `\u2500\u2500\u2500 Step ${r.step}: `)}${theme.fg("accent", r.agent)} ${rIcon}`;
+					if (displayItems.length === 0)
+						text += `\n${theme.fg("muted", "(no output)")}`;
+					else text += `\n${renderDisplayItems(displayItems, 5)}`;
+				}
+				const usageStr = formatUsageStats(aggregateUsage(details.results));
+				if (usageStr) text += `\n\n${theme.fg("dim", `Total: ${usageStr}`)}`;
+				text += `\n${theme.fg("muted", "(Ctrl+O to expand)")}`;
+				return new Text(text, 0, 0);
+			}
+
+			// --- Parallel mode ---
+			if (details.mode === "parallel") {
+				const running = details.results.filter(
+					(r) => r.exitCode === -1,
+				).length;
+				const successCount = details.results.filter(
+					(r) => r.exitCode !== -1 && !isFailedResult(r),
+				).length;
+				const failCount = details.results.filter(
+					(r) => r.exitCode !== -1 && isFailedResult(r),
+				).length;
+				const isRunning = running > 0;
+				const icon = isRunning
+					? theme.fg("warning", "\u23F3")
+					: failCount > 0
+						? theme.fg("warning", "\u25D0")
+						: theme.fg("success", "\u2713");
+				const status = isRunning
+					? `${successCount + failCount}/${details.results.length} done, ${running} running`
+					: `${successCount}/${details.results.length} tasks`;
+
+				if (expanded && !isRunning) {
+					const container = new Container();
+					container.addChild(
+						new Text(
+							`${icon} ${theme.fg("toolTitle", theme.bold("parallel "))}${theme.fg("accent", status)}`,
+							0,
+							0,
+						),
+					);
+
+					for (const r of details.results) {
+						const rIcon = isFailedResult(r)
+							? theme.fg("error", "\u2717")
+							: theme.fg("success", "\u2713");
+						const displayItems = getDisplayItems(r.messages);
+						const finalOutput = getFinalOutput(r.messages);
+
+						container.addChild(new Spacer(1));
+						container.addChild(
+							new Text(
+								`${theme.fg("muted", "\u2500\u2500\u2500 ") + theme.fg("accent", r.agent)} ${rIcon}`,
+								0,
+								0,
+							),
+						);
+						container.addChild(
+							new Text(theme.fg("muted", "Task: ") + theme.fg("dim", r.task), 0, 0),
+						);
+
+						for (const item of displayItems) {
+							if (item.type === "toolCall") {
+								container.addChild(
+									new Text(
+										theme.fg("muted", "\u2192 ") +
+											formatToolCall(
+												item.name,
+												item.args,
+												theme.fg.bind(theme),
+											),
+										0,
+										0,
+									),
+								);
+							}
+						}
+
+						if (finalOutput) {
+							container.addChild(new Spacer(1));
+							container.addChild(
+								new Markdown(finalOutput.trim(), 0, 0, mdTheme),
+							);
+						}
+
+						const taskUsage = formatUsageStats(r.usage, r.model);
+						if (taskUsage)
+							container.addChild(new Text(theme.fg("dim", taskUsage), 0, 0));
+					}
+
+					const usageStr = formatUsageStats(aggregateUsage(details.results));
+					if (usageStr) {
+						container.addChild(new Spacer(1));
+						container.addChild(
+							new Text(theme.fg("dim", `Total: ${usageStr}`), 0, 0),
+						);
+					}
+					return container;
+				}
+
+				let text = `${icon} ${theme.fg("toolTitle", theme.bold("parallel "))}${theme.fg("accent", status)}`;
+				for (const r of details.results) {
+					const rIcon =
+						r.exitCode === -1
+							? theme.fg("warning", "\u23F3")
+							: isFailedResult(r)
+								? theme.fg("error", "\u2717")
+								: theme.fg("success", "\u2713");
+					const displayItems = getDisplayItems(r.messages);
+					text += `\n\n${theme.fg("muted", "\u2500\u2500\u2500 ")}${theme.fg("accent", r.agent)} ${rIcon}`;
+					if (displayItems.length === 0)
+						text += `\n${theme.fg("muted", r.exitCode === -1 ? "(running...)" : "(no output)")}`;
+					else text += `\n${renderDisplayItems(displayItems, 5)}`;
+				}
+				if (!isRunning) {
+					const usageStr = formatUsageStats(aggregateUsage(details.results));
+					if (usageStr) text += `\n\n${theme.fg("dim", `Total: ${usageStr}`)}`;
+				}
+				if (!expanded)
+					text += `\n${theme.fg("muted", "(Ctrl+O to expand)")}`;
+				return new Text(text, 0, 0);
+			}
+
+			const text = result.content[0];
+			return new Text(
+				text?.type === "text" ? text.text : "(no output)",
+				0,
+				0,
+			);
+		},
+	});
+}