@forgeax/engine-runtime 0.1.4 → 0.1.6

package/src/__tests__/asset-registry.recursive.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1397 @@
+// asset-registry.recursive.spec — M1/SceneAsset recursive loadByGuid (TDD red
+// phase for AC-01 / AC-06 / AC-07 / AC-08). The test file compiles and the
+// "red" stage is intentional (type=test task).
+//
+// Coverage:
+//   AC-01 — scene + N material + 1 mesh: recursive loadByGuid<SceneAsset>
+//           registers all transitive sub-assets
+//   AC-06 — idempotency: second loadByGuid(g) returns same handle, zero fetch
+//   AC-07 — transitive failure: missing sub-asset → err with breadcrumb hint
+//   AC-08 — in-flight dedup + cycle: concurrent Promise.all 3-way dedup;
+//           cycle A→B→A no stack overflow
+
+import { AssetRegistry } from '@forgeax/engine-assets-runtime';
+import { type Component, defineComponent } from '@forgeax/engine-ecs';
+import { AssetGuid } from '@forgeax/engine-pack/guid';
+import type {
+  AssetError,
+  LocalEntityId,
+  MaterialAsset,
+  SceneAsset,
+  MeshAsset as TypesMeshAsset,
+} from '@forgeax/engine-types';
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { makeMockShaderRegistry } from './helpers/mock-shader-registry';
+
+// ── test GUIDs ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+const SCENE_GUID = 'a0000000-0000-4000-a000-000000000001';
+const MATERIAL_A_GUID = 'a0000000-0000-4000-a000-000000000002';
+const MATERIAL_B_GUID = 'a0000000-0000-4000-a000-000000000003';
+const MESH_GUID = 'a0000000-0000-4000-a000-000000000004';
+const MISSING_SUB_GUID = 'a0000000-0000-4000-a000-000000009999';
+const CYCLE_A_GUID = 'b0000000-0000-4000-b000-000000000001';
+const CYCLE_B_GUID = 'b0000000-0000-4000-b000-000000000002';
+const WRONG_DEFAULT_KIND_GUID = 'a0000000-0000-4000-a000-000000000005';
+
+// ECS component reflection is World/owner-local after the ECS architecture
+// update. The recursive prod-path breadcrumb still needs the scene schema, so
+// inject the test vocabulary into AssetRegistry explicitly.
+const BreadcrumbTransform = defineComponent('Transform', { pos: 'array<f32, 3>' });
+const BreadcrumbMeshFilter = defineComponent('MeshFilter', {
+  assetHandle: 'shared<MeshAsset>',
+});
+const BreadcrumbMeshRenderer = defineComponent('MeshRenderer', {
+  materials: 'array<shared<MaterialAsset>>',
+});
+
+function parseGuid(s: string): AssetGuid {
+  const r = AssetGuid.parse(s);
+  if (!r.ok) throw new Error(`invalid test GUID: ${s}`);
+  return r.value;
+}
+
+function localId(n: number): LocalEntityId {
+  return n as LocalEntityId;
+}
+
+// ── helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function makeMesh(): TypesMeshAsset {
+  return {
+    kind: 'mesh',
+    vertices: new Float32Array([
+      -0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0.5, 0, -0.5,
+      0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1,
+    ]),
+    indices: new Uint16Array([0, 1, 2]),
+    attributes: {},
+    submeshes: [
+      { indexOffset: 0, indexCount: 3, vertexCount: 3, topology: 'triangle-list', materialSlot: 0 },
+    ],
+
+    materialSlots: [{ slotName: 'Default' }],
+  };
+}
+
+function makeMaterialAsset(): MaterialAsset {
+  return {
+    kind: 'material',
+    passes: [
+      {
+        name: 'forward',
+        program: { module: 'test::dummy' },
+        renderState: { tags: { LightMode: 'Forward' } },
+      },
+    ],
+    values: {},
+  };
+}
+
+function makeTestSceneAsset(subRefs: { meshGuid: string; materialGuids: string[] }): SceneAsset {
+  return {
+    kind: 'scene',
+    entities: [
+      {
+        localId: localId(0),
+        components: {
+          Transform: { pos: [0, 0, 0] },
+          MeshFilter: { assetHandle: subRefs.meshGuid },
+          MeshRenderer: { materials: subRefs.materialGuids },
+        },
+      },
+    ],
+  };
+}
+
+// ── registry setup ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function makeRegistry(): AssetRegistry {
+  return new AssetRegistry(
+    makeMockShaderRegistry(),
+    undefined,
+    undefined,
+    undefined,
+    undefined,
+    new Map<string, Component>([
+      [BreadcrumbTransform.name, BreadcrumbTransform],
+      [BreadcrumbMeshFilter.name, BreadcrumbMeshFilter],
+      [BreadcrumbMeshRenderer.name, BreadcrumbMeshRenderer],
+    ]),
+  );
+}
+
+function preregisterMesh(reg: AssetRegistry): void {
+  reg.catalog(parseGuid(MESH_GUID), makeMesh());
+}
+
+function preregisterMaterial(reg: AssetRegistry, guidStr: string): void {
+  reg.catalog(parseGuid(guidStr), makeMaterialAsset());
+}
+
+// ── AC-01: scene + N material + 1 mesh recursive resolution ────────────────
+
+describe('AC-01 — scene recursive loadByGuid', () => {
+  it('loadByGuid<SceneAsset> in dev mode returns ok when sub-assets pre-registered', async () => {
+    defineComponent('Transform', { pos: 'array<f32, 3>' });
+    defineComponent('MeshFilter', { assetHandle: 'shared<MeshAsset>' });
+    defineComponent('MeshRenderer', { materials: 'array<shared<MaterialAsset>>' });
+
+    const reg = makeRegistry();
+    preregisterMesh(reg);
+    preregisterMaterial(reg, MATERIAL_A_GUID);
+    preregisterMaterial(reg, MATERIAL_B_GUID);
+
+    const scene = makeTestSceneAsset({
+      meshGuid: MESH_GUID,
+      materialGuids: [MATERIAL_A_GUID, MATERIAL_B_GUID],
+    });
+    reg.catalog(parseGuid(SCENE_GUID), scene);
+
+    const result = await reg.loadByGuid<SceneAsset>(parseGuid(SCENE_GUID));
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+    if (result.ok) {
+      expect(result.value.kind).toBe('scene');
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+// ── AC-06: idempotency ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('AC-06 — idempotency', () => {
+  it('two sequential loadByGuid(g) return the same payload in dev mode', async () => {
+    const reg = makeRegistry();
+    const meshGuid = parseGuid(MESH_GUID);
+    const mesh = makeMesh();
+    const cat1 = reg.catalog(meshGuid, mesh);
+    expect(cat1.ok).toBe(true);
+
+    const r1 = await reg.loadByGuid<TypesMeshAsset>(meshGuid);
+    expect(r1.ok).toBe(true);
+    const r2 = await reg.loadByGuid<TypesMeshAsset>(meshGuid);
+    expect(r2.ok).toBe(true);
+
+    if (r1.ok && r2.ok && cat1.ok) {
+      expect(r1.value).toBe(r2.value);
+      expect(r1.value).toBe(cat1.value);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('loadByGuid returns the same payload for a pre-registered scene', async () => {
+    defineComponent('Transform', { pos: 'array<f32, 3>' });
+    defineComponent('MeshFilter', { assetHandle: 'shared<MeshAsset>' });
+    defineComponent('MeshRenderer', { materials: 'array<shared<MaterialAsset>>' });
+
+    const reg = makeRegistry();
+    preregisterMesh(reg);
+    preregisterMaterial(reg, MATERIAL_A_GUID);
+
+    const scene = makeTestSceneAsset({
+      meshGuid: MESH_GUID,
+      materialGuids: [MATERIAL_A_GUID],
+    });
+    reg.catalog(parseGuid(SCENE_GUID), scene);
+
+    const r1 = await reg.loadByGuid<SceneAsset>(parseGuid(SCENE_GUID));
+    const r2 = await reg.loadByGuid<SceneAsset>(parseGuid(SCENE_GUID));
+
+    expect(r1.ok).toBe(true);
+    expect(r2.ok).toBe(true);
+    if (r1.ok && r2.ok) {
+      expect(r1.value).toBe(r2.value);
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+// ── AC-07: transitive failure attribution ───────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('AC-07 — transitive failure attribution', () => {
+  it('dev-mode loadByGuid returns asset-not-found for missing GUID', async () => {
+    const reg = makeRegistry();
+    const rMissing = await reg.loadByGuid<TypesMeshAsset>(parseGuid(MISSING_SUB_GUID));
+    expect(rMissing.ok).toBe(false);
+    if (!rMissing.ok) {
+      const err = rMissing.error as AssetError;
+      expect(err.code).toBe('asset-not-found');
+      expect(typeof err.hint).toBe('string');
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('prod-path recursive error includes sub-asset GUID + parent scene GUID in hint', async () => {
+    // Construct a catalog where the scene pack and mesh pack exist but the
+    // material sub-ref GUID is missing. After M1 recursion is wired in ddcLoad,
+    // loadByGuid<SceneAsset> should fail with a breadcrumb hint containing both
+    // the missing GUID and the parent scene GUID.
+    //
+    // Pack fixture format matches the existing load-by-guid-prod fixtures
+    // (pack-index is a flat array, pack file uses schemaVersion + assets[]).
+
+    defineComponent('Transform', { pos: 'array<f32, 3>' });
+    defineComponent('MeshFilter', { assetHandle: 'shared<MeshAsset>' });
+    defineComponent('MeshRenderer', { materials: 'array<shared<MaterialAsset>>' });
+
+    const reg = makeRegistry();
+
+    // Pack-index: scene + mesh present, material missing.
+    const packIndex = [
+      { guid: SCENE_GUID, packageUrl: '/packs/scene.pack.json', kind: 'scene' },
+      {
+        guid: MESH_GUID,
+        packageUrl: '/packs/mesh.pack.json',
+        kind: 'mesh',
+        materialSlots: [{ slotName: 'Default' }],
+      },
+      // MISSING_SUB_GUID intentionally absent
+    ];
+
+    // Scene pack payload references MESH_GUID + MISSING_SUB_GUID.
+    // feat-20260622 M4 / w14: refs[] is now the recursion SSOT (D-5). Handle
+    // fields carry refs[] indices (resolved by parseScenePayload), and the
+    // scene envelope's refs[] (GUID-string projection) drives the unified
+    // recursive for-loop. MESH_GUID -> refs[0], MISSING_SUB_GUID -> refs[1].
+    const scenePack = {
+      schemaVersion: '2.0.0',
+      kind: 'internal-text-package',
+      assets: [
+        {
+          guid: SCENE_GUID,
+          kind: 'scene',
+          payload: {
+            entities: [
+              {
+                localId: 0,
+                components: {
+                  Transform: { pos: [0, 0, 0] },
+                  MeshFilter: { assetHandle: 0 },
+                  MeshRenderer: { materials: [1] },
+                },
+              },
+            ],
+          },
+          refs: [MESH_GUID, MISSING_SUB_GUID],
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    const meshPack = {
+      schemaVersion: '2.0.0',
+      kind: 'internal-text-package',
+      assets: [
+        {
+          guid: MESH_GUID,
+          kind: 'mesh',
+          payload: {
+            vertices: [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
+            indices: [0],
+            attributes: {},
+          },
+          refs: [],
+          submeshes: [
+            {
+              indexOffset: 0,
+              indexCount: 0,
+              vertexCount: 0,
+              topology: 'triangle-list',
+              materialSlot: 0,
+            },
+          ],
+
+          materialSlots: [{ slotName: 'Default' }],
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    reg.configurePackIndex(`/pack-index.json`);
+
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockImplementation((url: string) => {
+      if (url === `/pack-index.json`) {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(packIndex) });
+      }
+      if (url === '/packs/scene.pack.json') {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(scenePack) });
+      }
+      if (url === '/packs/mesh.pack.json') {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(meshPack) });
+      }
+      return Promise.resolve({ ok: false, status: 404 });
+    });
+    globalThis.fetch = fetchMock as typeof globalThis.fetch;
+
+    try {
+      const result = await reg.loadByGuid<SceneAsset>(parseGuid(SCENE_GUID));
+
+      // After M1 impl, this should fail because MISSING_SUB_GUID is not in the
+      // catalog. The error hint should contain the missing GUID and the parent
+      // scene GUID as a breadcrumb.
+      expect(result.ok).toBe(false);
+      if (!result.ok) {
+        const err = result.error as AssetError;
+        expect(
+          ['asset-not-found', 'asset-fetch-failed', 'asset-not-imported'].includes(err.code),
+        ).toBe(true);
+        expect(typeof err.hint).toBe('string');
+        // Breadcrumb (D-7 / B-8): hint contains the missing sub-asset GUID,
+        // the parent scene GUID, and the entity localId + component.field path
+        // (4-segment chain: scene → entity → component.field → sub-asset).
+        expect(err.hint).toContain(MISSING_SUB_GUID);
+        expect(err.hint).toContain(SCENE_GUID);
+        expect(err.hint).toContain('entity 0');
+        expect(err.hint).toContain('MeshRenderer.materials');
+        // feat-20260622 verify r1: the breadcrumb provenance is ALSO exposed in
+        // structured form on `.detail` so an AI user locates the broken edge by
+        // property access, not by parsing the hint (charter P3, requirements
+        // error-self-recovery). Only asserted when the propagated error did not
+        // carry a more-specific detail of its own.
+        const detail = err.detail as
+          | {
+              referencedByGuid?: string;
+              subAssetGuid?: string;
+              sceneEntityId?: number;
+              sourceField?: { componentName?: string; fieldName?: string; arrayIndex?: number };
+            }
+          | undefined;
+        // Unconditional (verify r2): the structured breadcrumb MUST be delivered
+        // on this scene->missing-sub-asset prod path — a guarded assertion would
+        // pass vacuously if the provenance silently regressed to hint-only.
+        expect(detail?.referencedByGuid?.toLowerCase()).toBe(SCENE_GUID.toLowerCase());
+        expect(detail?.subAssetGuid?.toLowerCase()).toBe(MISSING_SUB_GUID.toLowerCase());
+        expect(detail?.sceneEntityId).toBe(0);
+        expect(detail?.sourceField?.componentName).toBe('MeshRenderer');
+        expect(detail?.sourceField?.fieldName).toBe('materials');
+      }
+    } finally {
+      // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: test teardown
+      delete (globalThis as any).fetch;
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+describe('mesh default material ready boundary', () => {
+  it.each([
+    ['empty refs', []],
+    ['unrelated refs', [WRONG_DEFAULT_KIND_GUID]],
+  ])('rejects a payload default omitted from %s before ready', async (_label, refs) => {
+    const reg = makeRegistry();
+    if (refs.length > 0) {
+      reg.catalog(parseGuid(WRONG_DEFAULT_KIND_GUID), {
+        kind: 'texture' as const,
+        width: 1,
+        height: 1,
+        format: 'rgba8unorm' as const,
+        data: new Uint8Array([255, 255, 255, 255]),
+        colorSpace: 'srgb' as const,
+        mipmap: false,
+      });
+    }
+    const omittedDefaultGuid = 'b0000000-0000-4000-b000-000000000099';
+    reg.configurePackIndex('/pack-index.json');
+    globalThis.fetch = vi.fn().mockImplementation((url: string) => {
+      if (url === '/pack-index.json') {
+        return Promise.resolve({
+          ok: true,
+          json: () =>
+            Promise.resolve([
+              { guid: MESH_GUID, packageUrl: '/packs/missing-edge.pack.json', kind: 'mesh' },
+            ]),
+        });
+      }
+      if (url === '/packs/missing-edge.pack.json') {
+        return Promise.resolve({
+          ok: true,
+          json: () =>
+            Promise.resolve({
+              schemaVersion: '2.0.0',
+              kind: 'internal-text-package',
+              assets: [
+                {
+                  guid: MESH_GUID,
+                  kind: 'mesh',
+                  refs,
+                  payload: {
+                    vertices: [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
+                    indices: [0, 0, 0],
+                    attributes: {},
+                    submeshes: [
+                      {
+                        indexOffset: 0,
+                        indexCount: 3,
+                        vertexCount: 1,
+                        topology: 'triangle-list',
+                        materialSlot: 0,
+                      },
+                    ],
+                    materialSlots: [{ slotName: 'Body', defaultMaterial: omittedDefaultGuid }],
+                  },
+                },
+              ],
+            }),
+        });
+      }
+      return Promise.resolve({ ok: false, status: 404 });
+    }) as typeof globalThis.fetch;
+
+    const result = await reg.loadByGuid<TypesMeshAsset>(parseGuid(MESH_GUID));
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(false);
+    if (!result.ok) {
+      expect((result.error as AssetError).detail).toMatchObject({
+        meshAssetGuid: MESH_GUID,
+        defaultMaterialGuid: omittedDefaultGuid,
+        actualKind: 'missing-ref-edge',
+      });
+    }
+    expect(reg.inspect().assets.some((entry) => entry.guid === MESH_GUID)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects a loaded non-material default before the Mesh becomes ready', async () => {
+    const reg = makeRegistry();
+    reg.catalog(parseGuid(WRONG_DEFAULT_KIND_GUID), {
+      kind: 'texture' as const,
+      width: 1,
+      height: 1,
+      format: 'rgba8unorm' as const,
+      data: new Uint8Array([255, 255, 255, 255]),
+      colorSpace: 'srgb' as const,
+      mipmap: false,
+    });
+
+    const packIndex = [
+      { guid: MESH_GUID, packageUrl: '/packs/wrong-default.pack.json', kind: 'mesh' },
+    ];
+    const meshPack = {
+      schemaVersion: '2.0.0',
+      kind: 'internal-text-package',
+      assets: [
+        {
+          guid: MESH_GUID,
+          kind: 'mesh',
+          payload: {
+            vertices: [
+              -0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0.5,
+              0, -0.5, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1,
+            ],
+            indices: [0, 1, 2],
+            attributes: {},
+            submeshes: [
+              {
+                indexOffset: 0,
+                indexCount: 3,
+                vertexCount: 3,
+                topology: 'triangle-list',
+                materialSlot: 0,
+              },
+            ],
+            materialSlots: [
+              {
+                slotName: 'Body',
+                sourceKey: 'gltf:material:0',
+                defaultMaterial: WRONG_DEFAULT_KIND_GUID,
+              },
+            ],
+          },
+          refs: [WRONG_DEFAULT_KIND_GUID],
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    reg.configurePackIndex('/pack-index.json');
+    globalThis.fetch = vi.fn().mockImplementation((url: string) => {
+      if (url === '/pack-index.json') {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(packIndex) });
+      }
+      if (url === '/packs/wrong-default.pack.json') {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(meshPack) });
+      }
+      return Promise.resolve({ ok: false, status: 404 });
+    }) as typeof globalThis.fetch;
+
+    const result = await reg.loadByGuid<TypesMeshAsset>(parseGuid(MESH_GUID));
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(false);
+    if (!result.ok) {
+      const error = result.error as AssetError;
+      expect(error.code).toBe('asset-parse-failed');
+      expect(error.detail).toEqual({
+        meshAssetGuid: MESH_GUID,
+        slotIndex: 0,
+        slotName: 'Body',
+        defaultMaterialGuid: WRONG_DEFAULT_KIND_GUID,
+        actualKind: 'texture',
+      });
+    }
+    expect(reg.inspect().assets.some((entry) => entry.guid === MESH_GUID)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+// ── M2 GUIDs ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+const TEXTURE_A_GUID = 'c0000000-0000-4000-c000-000000000001';
+const TEXTURE_B_GUID = 'c0000000-0000-4000-c000-000000000002';
+const TEXTURE_C_GUID = 'c0000000-0000-4000-c000-000000000003';
+const MATERIAL_PARENT_GUID = 'c0000000-0000-4000-c000-000000000004';
+const SKELETON_GUID = 'd0000000-0000-4000-d000-000000000001';
+const SKIN_GUID = 'd0000000-0000-4000-d000-000000000002';
+const SCENE_GLTF_GUID = 'e0000000-0000-4000-e000-000000000001';
+
+// ── AC-08: in-flight dedup + cycle ─────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('AC-08 — in-flight dedup + cycle', () => {
+  let originalFetch: typeof globalThis.fetch | undefined;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    if (originalFetch !== undefined) {
+      globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
+    } else {
+      // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: test teardown
+      delete (globalThis as any).fetch;
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('concurrent loadByGuid(g) 3-way shares in-flight promise — only 1 pack fetch', async () => {
+    const reg = makeRegistry();
+
+    const packIndex = [
+      {
+        guid: MESH_GUID,
+        packageUrl: '/packs/mesh.pack.json',
+        kind: 'mesh',
+        materialSlots: [{ slotName: 'Default' }],
+      },
+    ];
+
+    const meshPack = {
+      schemaVersion: '2.0.0',
+      kind: 'internal-text-package',
+      assets: [
+        {
+          guid: MESH_GUID,
+          kind: 'mesh',
+          payload: {
+            vertices: [
+              -0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0.5,
+              0, -0.5, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1,
+            ],
+            indices: [0, 1, 2],
+            attributes: {},
+          },
+          refs: [],
+          submeshes: [
+            {
+              indexOffset: 0,
+              indexCount: 3,
+              vertexCount: 3,
+              topology: 'triangle-list',
+              materialSlot: 0,
+            },
+          ],
+
+          materialSlots: [{ slotName: 'Default' }],
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    reg.configurePackIndex(`/pack-index.json`);
+
+    let packFetchCount = 0;
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockImplementation((url: string) => {
+      if (url === `/pack-index.json`) {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(packIndex) });
+      }
+      if (url === '/packs/mesh.pack.json') {
+        packFetchCount++;
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(meshPack) });
+      }
+      return Promise.resolve({ ok: false, status: 404 });
+    });
+    globalThis.fetch = fetchMock as typeof globalThis.fetch;
+
+    try {
+      const meshGuid = parseGuid(MESH_GUID);
+      const [r1, r2, r3] = await Promise.all([
+        reg.loadByGuid<TypesMeshAsset>(meshGuid),
+        reg.loadByGuid<TypesMeshAsset>(meshGuid),
+        reg.loadByGuid<TypesMeshAsset>(meshGuid),
+      ]);
+
+      expect(r1.ok).toBe(true);
+      expect(r2.ok).toBe(true);
+      expect(r3.ok).toBe(true);
+
+      if (r1.ok && r2.ok && r3.ok) {
+        expect(r1.value).toBe(r2.value);
+        expect(r2.value).toBe(r3.value);
+
+        // In-flight dedup: only 1 pack-index fetch + 1 pack fetch = 2 total
+        // (pack-index might be fetched N times since fetchMock is per-call,
+        // but packFetchCount should be 1 thanks to inFlight dedup)
+        expect(packFetchCount).toBe(1);
+      }
+    } finally {
+      // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: test teardown
+      delete (globalThis as any).fetch;
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('cycle A→B→A no stack overflow, both registered', async () => {
+    defineComponent('Transform', { pos: 'array<f32, 3>' });
+    defineComponent('SceneCycler', { refScene: 'shared<unknown>' });
+
+    const reg = makeRegistry();
+
+    // Two SceneAssets that reference each other via a refs[] edge.
+    // feat-20260622 M4 / w14: the recursion source is envelope.refs (D-5).
+    // A's envelope.refs = [CYCLE_B_GUID], B's = [CYCLE_A_GUID].
+    // With register-before-recurse + inFlight dedup: A registers then recurses
+    // into B; B registers then recurses into A; A is already catalogued
+    // (fast-path hit) / inFlight Promise satisfies it → no stack overflow.
+
+    const packIndex = [
+      { guid: CYCLE_A_GUID, packageUrl: '/packs/a.pack.json', kind: 'scene' },
+      { guid: CYCLE_B_GUID, packageUrl: '/packs/b.pack.json', kind: 'scene' },
+    ];
+
+    const sceneAPack = {
+      schemaVersion: '2.0.0',
+      kind: 'internal-text-package',
+      assets: [
+        {
+          guid: CYCLE_A_GUID,
+          kind: 'scene',
+          payload: {
+            entities: [
+              {
+                localId: 0,
+                components: {
+                  Transform: { pos: [0, 0, 0] },
+                  SceneCycler: { refScene: 0 },
+                },
+              },
+            ],
+          },
+          refs: [CYCLE_B_GUID],
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    const sceneBPack = {
+      schemaVersion: '2.0.0',
+      kind: 'internal-text-package',
+      assets: [
+        {
+          guid: CYCLE_B_GUID,
+          kind: 'scene',
+          payload: {
+            entities: [
+              {
+                localId: 0,
+                components: {
+                  Transform: { pos: [0, 0, 0] },
+                  SceneCycler: { refScene: 0 },
+                },
+              },
+            ],
+          },
+          refs: [CYCLE_A_GUID],
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    reg.configurePackIndex(`/pack-index.json`);
+
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockImplementation((url: string) => {
+      if (url === `/pack-index.json`) {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(packIndex) });
+      }
+      if (url === '/packs/a.pack.json') {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(sceneAPack) });
+      }
+      if (url === '/packs/b.pack.json') {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(sceneBPack) });
+      }
+      return Promise.resolve({ ok: false, status: 404 });
+    });
+    globalThis.fetch = fetchMock as typeof globalThis.fetch;
+
+    try {
+      const result = await reg.loadByGuid<SceneAsset>(parseGuid(CYCLE_A_GUID));
+      expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+
+      const resB = reg.lookup(parseGuid(CYCLE_B_GUID));
+      expect(resB).not.toBe(undefined);
+    } finally {
+      // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: test teardown
+      delete (globalThis as any).fetch;
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+// ── AC-02: material recursive (D-8 — values string-only walker) ─────────
+
+describe('AC-02 — material recursive loadByGuid', () => {
+  it('loadByGuid<MaterialAsset> recurses into texture sub-assets pre-registered in dev mode', async () => {
+    // Verify that the recursive loadByGuid<MaterialAsset> walk reaches
+    // texture GUIDs from values. The textures are pre-registered in dev
+    // mode (fast-path hit), simulating the typical dev workflow where leaf
+    // assets are registered before the material. The material itself is
+    // loaded via the prod path, and the recursive walk triggers loadByGuid
+    // for each texture GUID — each hitting the fast-path cache.
+    const reg = makeRegistry();
+
+    // Pre-register textures in dev mode (fast-path compatible)
+    reg.catalog(parseGuid(TEXTURE_A_GUID), {
+      kind: 'texture' as const,
+      width: 4,
+      height: 4,
+      format: 'rgba8unorm' as const,
+      data: new Uint8Array(64),
+      colorSpace: 'srgb' as const,
+      mipmap: false,
+    });
+    reg.catalog(parseGuid(TEXTURE_B_GUID), {
+      kind: 'texture' as const,
+      width: 4,
+      height: 4,
+      format: 'rgba8unorm' as const,
+      data: new Uint8Array(64),
+      colorSpace: 'srgb' as const,
+      mipmap: false,
+    });
+
+    const packIndex = [
+      { guid: MATERIAL_PARENT_GUID, packageUrl: '/packs/material.pack.json', kind: 'material' },
+    ];
+
+    const materialPack = {
+      schemaVersion: '2.0.0',
+      kind: 'internal-text-package',
+      assets: [
+        {
+          guid: MATERIAL_PARENT_GUID,
+          kind: 'material',
+          payload: {
+            passes: [
+              {
+                name: 'forward',
+                program: { module: 'test::dummy' },
+                renderState: { tags: { LightMode: 'Forward' } },
+              },
+            ],
+            values: {
+              u_albedoMap: TEXTURE_A_GUID,
+              u_normalMap: TEXTURE_B_GUID,
+            },
+          },
+          refs: [],
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    reg.configurePackIndex(`/pack-index.json`);
+
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockImplementation((url: string) => {
+      if (url === `/pack-index.json`) {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(packIndex) });
+      }
+      if (url === '/packs/material.pack.json') {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(materialPack) });
+      }
+      return Promise.resolve({ ok: false, status: 404 });
+    });
+    globalThis.fetch = fetchMock as typeof globalThis.fetch;
+
+    try {
+      const result = await reg.loadByGuid<MaterialAsset>(parseGuid(MATERIAL_PARENT_GUID));
+
+      expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+      if (result.ok) {
+        // Both texture GUIDs should be resolvable (fast-path hit from dev pre-registration)
+        expect(reg.lookup(parseGuid(TEXTURE_A_GUID))).not.toBe(undefined);
+        expect(reg.lookup(parseGuid(TEXTURE_B_GUID))).not.toBe(undefined);
+      }
+    } finally {
+      // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: test teardown
+      delete (globalThis as any).fetch;
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+// ── AC-04: skin recursive (D-10 — single skeletonGuid) ─────────────────────-
+
+describe('AC-04 — skin recursive loadByGuid', () => {
+  it('loadByGuid<SkinAsset> registers skeleton sub-asset via recursive walk', async () => {
+    const reg = makeRegistry();
+
+    // Pre-register skeleton in dev mode (fast-path compatible); the skeleton
+    // loader requires Float32Array which does not survive JSON round-trip.
+    reg.catalog(parseGuid(SKELETON_GUID), {
+      kind: 'skeleton',
+      inverseBindMatrices: new Float32Array(32),
+      jointCount: 2,
+    });
+
+    const packIndex = [{ guid: SKIN_GUID, packageUrl: '/packs/skin.pack.json', kind: 'skin' }];
+
+    const skinPack = {
+      schemaVersion: '2.0.0',
+      kind: 'internal-text-package',
+      assets: [
+        {
+          guid: SKIN_GUID,
+          kind: 'skin',
+          payload: {
+            jointPaths: ['Root', 'Root/Spine'],
+            skeletonGuid: SKELETON_GUID,
+          },
+          refs: [],
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    reg.configurePackIndex(`/pack-index.json`);
+
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockImplementation((url: string) => {
+      if (url === `/pack-index.json`) {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(packIndex) });
+      }
+      if (url === '/packs/skin.pack.json') {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(skinPack) });
+      }
+      return Promise.resolve({ ok: false, status: 404 });
+    });
+    globalThis.fetch = fetchMock as typeof globalThis.fetch;
+
+    try {
+      const result = await reg.loadByGuid<import('@forgeax/engine-types').SkinAsset>(
+        parseGuid(SKIN_GUID),
+      );
+
+      expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+      if (result.ok) {
+        // Skeleton GUID should be resolvable (fast-path hit from dev pre-registration)
+        expect(reg.lookup(parseGuid(SKELETON_GUID))).not.toBe(undefined);
+      }
+    } finally {
+      // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: test teardown
+      delete (globalThis as any).fetch;
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+// ── AC-03: gltf-shaped scene composite (D-9 — via SceneAsset entry) ─────────
+
+describe('AC-03 — gltf-shaped scene composite (via SceneAsset, D-9)', () => {
+  it('loadByGuid<SceneAsset> registers mesh + material + texture-by-material chain', async () => {
+    // D-9: runtime Asset union contains no GltfAsset POD; gltf importer
+    // output (mesh + material + texture) is covered via SceneAsset recursion.
+    // This fixture mirrors that output: a scene whose entities reference mesh
+    // + material, and the material's values reference a texture GUID.
+    // The recursive walk must reach all three kinds.
+    //
+    // Texture is pre-registered in dev mode (fast-path compatible); the
+    // material envelope's refs[] carries the texture GUIDs from values,
+    // and the recursive loadByGuid hits the dev fast-path.
+
+    defineComponent('Transform', { pos: 'array<f32, 3>' });
+    defineComponent('MeshFilter', { assetHandle: 'shared<MeshAsset>' });
+    defineComponent('MeshRenderer', { materials: 'array<shared<MaterialAsset>>' });
+
+    const reg = makeRegistry();
+
+    // Pre-register texture in dev mode.
+    reg.catalog(parseGuid(TEXTURE_C_GUID), {
+      kind: 'texture' as const,
+      width: 4,
+      height: 4,
+      format: 'rgba8unorm' as const,
+      data: new Uint8Array(64),
+      colorSpace: 'srgb' as const,
+      mipmap: false,
+    });
+
+    const packIndex = [
+      { guid: SCENE_GLTF_GUID, packageUrl: '/packs/scene-gltf.pack.json', kind: 'scene' },
+      {
+        guid: MESH_GUID,
+        packageUrl: '/packs/mesh.pack.json',
+        kind: 'mesh',
+        materialSlots: [{ slotName: 'Default' }],
+      },
+      {
+        guid: MATERIAL_A_GUID,
+        packageUrl: '/packs/mat.pack.json',
+        kind: 'material',
+      },
+    ];
+
+    const scenePack = {
+      schemaVersion: '2.0.0',
+      kind: 'internal-text-package',
+      assets: [
+        {
+          guid: SCENE_GLTF_GUID,
+          kind: 'scene',
+          payload: {
+            entities: [
+              {
+                localId: 0,
+                components: {
+                  Transform: { pos: [0, 0, 0] },
+                  MeshFilter: { assetHandle: 0 },
+                  MeshRenderer: { materials: [1] },
+                },
+              },
+            ],
+          },
+          // feat-20260622 M4 / w14: refs[] is the recursion SSOT (D-5).
+          // MESH_GUID -> refs[0], MATERIAL_A_GUID -> refs[1].
+          refs: [MESH_GUID, MATERIAL_A_GUID],
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    const meshPack = {
+      schemaVersion: '2.0.0',
+      kind: 'internal-text-package',
+      assets: [
+        {
+          guid: MESH_GUID,
+          kind: 'mesh',
+          payload: {
+            vertices: [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
+            indices: [0],
+            attributes: {},
+          },
+          refs: [],
+          submeshes: [
+            {
+              indexOffset: 0,
+              indexCount: 0,
+              vertexCount: 0,
+              topology: 'triangle-list',
+              materialSlot: 0,
+            },
+          ],
+
+          materialSlots: [{ slotName: 'Default' }],
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    const materialPack = {
+      schemaVersion: '2.0.0',
+      kind: 'internal-text-package',
+      assets: [
+        {
+          guid: MATERIAL_A_GUID,
+          kind: 'material',
+          payload: {
+            passes: [
+              {
+                name: 'forward',
+                program: { module: 'test::dummy' },
+                renderState: { tags: { LightMode: 'Forward' } },
+              },
+            ],
+            // feat-20260622 M4 / w14: texture handle fields carry refs[] indices
+            // (resolved by materialLoader); the texture edge rides material
+            // refs[] so the unified for-loop recurses into it.
+            values: {
+              u_baseColorMap: 0,
+              u_normalMap: 0, // same texture via two params (diamond)
+              u_metallic: 0.5, // non-GUID value → skipped
+            },
+          },
+          refs: [TEXTURE_C_GUID],
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    reg.configurePackIndex(`/pack-index.json`);
+
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockImplementation((url: string) => {
+      if (url === `/pack-index.json`) {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(packIndex) });
+      }
+      if (url === '/packs/scene-gltf.pack.json') {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(scenePack) });
+      }
+      if (url === '/packs/mesh.pack.json') {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(meshPack) });
+      }
+      if (url === '/packs/mat.pack.json') {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(materialPack) });
+      }
+      return Promise.resolve({ ok: false, status: 404 });
+    });
+    globalThis.fetch = fetchMock as typeof globalThis.fetch;
+
+    try {
+      const result = await reg.loadByGuid<SceneAsset>(parseGuid(SCENE_GLTF_GUID));
+
+      expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+      if (result.ok) {
+        // All three kinds should be registered:
+        // - mesh (via scene entity MeshFilter, prod path)
+        // - material (via scene entity MeshRenderer, prod path)
+        // - texture (via material values, dev fast-path hit)
+        expect(reg.lookup(parseGuid(MESH_GUID))).not.toBe(undefined);
+        expect(reg.lookup(parseGuid(MATERIAL_A_GUID))).not.toBe(undefined);
+        expect(reg.lookup(parseGuid(TEXTURE_C_GUID))).not.toBe(undefined);
+      }
+    } finally {
+      // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: test teardown
+      delete (globalThis as any).fetch;
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+// ── M3: leaf coverage (AC-05) ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+//
+// The inline-payload leaf kinds in the closed Asset union carry no sub-asset
+// edges; the importer fills envelope.refs = [] for them. The spec-enumerated
+// leaves (mesh / texture / animation-clip / audio / font) plus extras
+// (sampler / shader / skeleton / render-pipeline) -- tested together for union
+// completeness. (equirect rides the Pack v2 artifact path, covered by
+// asset-registry-hdr-equirect.test.ts, not the inline-payload roundtrip here.)
+//
+// AC-05 per-leaf assertions:
+//   loadByGuid (fast-path) returns the catalogued payload
+//   lookup after catalog returns the payload
+//   inspect().assets count incremented by 1 from catalog (zero extra mutations)
+
+const LEAF_TEST_GUIDS: Record<string, string> = {
+  mesh: 'f0000000-0000-4000-f000-000000000001',
+  texture: 'f0000000-0000-4000-f000-000000000002',
+  sampler: 'f0000000-0000-4000-f000-000000000004',
+  program: 'f0000000-0000-4000-f000-000000000005',
+  skeleton: 'f0000000-0000-4000-f000-000000000006',
+  'animation-clip': 'f0000000-0000-4000-f000-000000000007',
+  audio: 'f0000000-0000-4000-f000-000000000008',
+  font: 'f0000000-0000-4000-f000-000000000009',
+  'render-pipeline': 'f0000000-0000-4000-f000-00000000000a',
+};
+
+interface LeafFixture {
+  readonly label: string;
+  readonly kind: string;
+  readonly makeAsset: () => import('@forgeax/engine-types').Asset;
+}
+
+const LEAF_FIXTURES: readonly LeafFixture[] = [
+  {
+    label: 'mesh',
+    kind: 'mesh',
+    makeAsset: () => ({
+      kind: 'mesh' as const,
+      vertices: new Float32Array(12),
+      indices: new Uint16Array([0]),
+      attributes: {},
+      submeshes: [
+        {
+          indexOffset: 0,
+          indexCount: 0,
+          vertexCount: 0,
+          topology: 'triangle-list' as const,
+          materialSlot: 0,
+        },
+      ],
+      materialSlots: [{ slotName: 'Default' }],
+    }),
+  },
+  {
+    label: 'texture',
+    kind: 'texture',
+    makeAsset: () => ({
+      kind: 'texture' as const,
+      width: 4,
+      height: 4,
+      format: 'rgba8unorm' as const,
+      data: new Uint8Array(64),
+      colorSpace: 'srgb' as const,
+      mipmap: false,
+    }),
+  },
+  {
+    label: 'sampler',
+    kind: 'sampler',
+    makeAsset: () => ({
+      kind: 'sampler' as const,
+      magFilter: 'linear' as const,
+      minFilter: 'linear' as const,
+    }),
+  },
+  {
+    label: 'skeleton',
+    kind: 'skeleton',
+    makeAsset: () => ({
+      kind: 'skeleton' as const,
+      inverseBindMatrices: new Float32Array(16),
+      jointCount: 1,
+    }),
+  },
+  {
+    label: 'animation-clip',
+    kind: 'animation-clip',
+    makeAsset: () => ({
+      kind: 'animation-clip' as const,
+      duration: 1.0,
+      channels: [],
+    }),
+  },
+  {
+    label: 'audio',
+    kind: 'audio',
+    makeAsset: () => ({
+      kind: 'audio' as const,
+      sourceKey: 'fixture-audio',
+      mediaType: 'audio/ogg' as const,
+      bytes: new Uint8Array(),
+    }),
+  },
+  {
+    label: 'font',
+    kind: 'font',
+    makeAsset: () => ({
+      kind: 'font' as const,
+      // D-19: FontAsset.atlas/sampler are embedded AssetGuids (not handles).
+      atlas: parseGuid('a0000000-0000-4000-a000-00000000f001'),
+      sampler: parseGuid('a0000000-0000-4000-a000-00000000f002'),
+      glyphs: {},
+      common: {
+        lineHeight: 0,
+        base: 0,
+        distanceRange: 0,
+        pxRange: 0,
+        atlasWidth: 0,
+        atlasHeight: 0,
+      },
+    }),
+  },
+  {
+    label: 'render-pipeline',
+    kind: 'render-pipeline',
+    makeAsset: () => ({
+      kind: 'render-pipeline' as const,
+      pipelineId: 'forgeax::urp' as const,
+    }),
+  },
+];
+
+describe('AC-05 -- leaf assets (no sub-asset edges)', () => {
+  // Leaf kinds carry no recursion edges; the importer fills envelope.refs = []
+  // and loadByGuid does not recurse for them. These tests confirm the registry
+  // lifecycle (catalog -> fast-path loadByGuid -> lookup) per leaf kind.
+
+  it.each(
+    LEAF_FIXTURES.map((f) => [f.label, f]),
+  )('loadByGuid<%s> returns ok and asset is catalogued via fast-path', async (_label, fixture) => {
+    const reg = makeRegistry();
+    const guidStr = LEAF_TEST_GUIDS[fixture.label];
+    if (guidStr === undefined) throw new Error(`missing leaf test GUID for ${fixture.label}`);
+    const guid = parseGuid(guidStr);
+    const asset = fixture.makeAsset();
+
+    // Record pre-catalogue state
+    const assetsBefore = reg.inspect().assets.length;
+
+    // Catalogue the leaf
+    const cat = reg.catalog(guid, asset);
+    expect(cat.ok).toBe(true);
+
+    // Verify catalog added exactly one entry
+    const assetsAfterCatalog = reg.inspect().assets.length;
+    expect(assetsAfterCatalog).toBe(assetsBefore + 1);
+
+    // loadByGuid fast-path (already catalogued) returns the payload
+    const result = await reg.loadByGuid(guid);
+
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+    if (result.ok && cat.ok) {
+      expect(result.value).toBe(cat.value);
+    }
+
+    // No extra registry mutations from loadByGuid
+    const assetsAfterLoad = reg.inspect().assets.length;
+    expect(assetsAfterLoad).toBe(assetsBefore + 1);
+
+    // lookup confirms catalogue
+    expect(reg.lookup(guid)).not.toBe(undefined);
+  });
+});
+
+// ── feat-20260612 M2 fixup: SceneAsset.skinGuids browser-async-load chain ──
+//
+// REGRESSION COVERAGE: before the fix, browser-path `loadByGuid<SceneAsset>`
+// recursively followed entity-component handle fields (mesh / material /
+// texture / skeleton) but had no cross-edge to SkinAssets -- SkinAsset is a
+// sibling identified by matching `skeletonGuid`, not by any handle field on a
+// SceneEntity component. After loadByGuid<SceneAsset> resolved, instantiate()
+// invoked `postSpawnResolveJoints` which silently `continue`d when
+// `resolver.resolveSkinAsset` returned undefined. The result: `Skin.joints`
+// stayed length=0, and the M2-introduced `JointCountMismatchError` fail-fast
+// in render-system-extract triggered every frame on the browser path. dawn
+// smoke missed it because dawn pre-registers every sub-asset before
+// instantiate (sync register-handle path), bypassing the recursive walk.
+//
+// The fix:
+//   1. SceneAsset POD now carries `skinGuids?: readonly string[]` (a list of
+//      SkinAsset GUIDs the scene's skinned entities reference). gltfImporter
+//      populates it; on-disk pack JSON stores it as either string GUIDs or
+//      refs[] indices (parseScenePayload accepts both).
+//   2. The scene envelope's `refs[]` includes each SkinAsset GUID so the
+//      recursive `loadByGuid` walk pulls every SkinAsset.
+//   3. `postSpawnResolveJoints` upgraded its silent `continue` on missing
+//      SkinAsset to a fail-fast `skin-asset-unresolved` error, so a future
+//      regression of the cross-edge wiring surfaces immediately rather than
+//      hiding behind a frame-1 JointCountMismatchError.
+const SKIN_FIXUP_SCENE_GUID = 'f0000000-0000-4000-f000-000000000001';
+const SKIN_FIXUP_SKIN_GUID = 'f0000000-0000-4000-f000-000000000002';
+const SKIN_FIXUP_SKELETON_GUID = 'f0000000-0000-4000-f000-000000000003';
+
+describe('feat-20260612 M2 fixup — SceneAsset.skinGuids cross-edge', () => {
+  let originalFetch: typeof globalThis.fetch | undefined;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    if (originalFetch !== undefined) {
+      globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
+    } else {
+      // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: test teardown
+      delete (globalThis as any).fetch;
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('loadByGuid<SceneAsset> recursively loads SkinAsset via skinGuids cross-edge (browser pack-fetch path)', async () => {
+    // Reproduces the browser-async-pack-fetch path: SkinAsset is NOT
+    // pre-registered; loadByGuid<SceneAsset> must reach it through the
+    // skinGuids cross-edge encoded in the scene pack body. Without the fix,
+    // the SkinAsset is never loaded and no resolveGuid lookup succeeds.
+
+    defineComponent('Transform', { pos: 'array<f32, 3>' });
+    defineComponent('Skin', {
+      skeleton: 'shared<SkeletonAsset>',
+      joints: 'array<entity>',
+    });
+
+    const reg = makeRegistry();
+
+    // Pre-register Skeleton in dev mode (Float32Array does not survive JSON
+    // round-trip; the skeleton-loader's dual contract handles array form,
+    // but this fixture keeps the focus on skin cross-edge wiring).
+    reg.catalog(parseGuid(SKIN_FIXUP_SKELETON_GUID), {
+      kind: 'skeleton',
+      inverseBindMatrices: new Float32Array(64),
+      jointCount: 1,
+    });
+
+    const packIndex = [
+      { guid: SKIN_FIXUP_SCENE_GUID, packageUrl: '/packs/scene.pack.json', kind: 'scene' },
+      { guid: SKIN_FIXUP_SKIN_GUID, packageUrl: '/packs/skin.pack.json', kind: 'skin' },
+    ];
+
+    const scenePack = {
+      schemaVersion: '2.0.0',
+      kind: 'internal-text-package',
+      assets: [
+        {
+          guid: SKIN_FIXUP_SCENE_GUID,
+          kind: 'scene',
+          payload: {
+            entities: [
+              {
+                localId: 0,
+                components: {
+                  Transform: { pos: [0, 0, 0] },
+                  Skin: { skeleton: 0 },
+                },
+              },
+            ],
+            // refs[]-index form (browser JSON-roundtrip shape)
+            skinGuids: [1],
+          },
+          // refs ordering matches indices used by both the Skin.skeleton
+          // handle field (resolved via HANDLE_FIELD_NAMES) and the
+          // skinGuids[] integer form.
+          refs: [SKIN_FIXUP_SKELETON_GUID, SKIN_FIXUP_SKIN_GUID],
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    const skinPack = {
+      schemaVersion: '2.0.0',
+      kind: 'internal-text-package',
+      assets: [
+        {
+          guid: SKIN_FIXUP_SKIN_GUID,
+          kind: 'skin',
+          payload: {
+            jointPaths: ['Root'],
+            skeletonGuid: SKIN_FIXUP_SKELETON_GUID,
+          },
+          refs: [SKIN_FIXUP_SKELETON_GUID],
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    reg.configurePackIndex(`/pack-index.json`);
+
+    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockImplementation((url: string) => {
+      if (url === `/pack-index.json`) {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(packIndex) });
+      }
+      if (url === '/packs/scene.pack.json') {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(scenePack) });
+      }
+      if (url === '/packs/skin.pack.json') {
+        return Promise.resolve({ ok: true, json: () => Promise.resolve(skinPack) });
+      }
+      return Promise.resolve({ ok: false, status: 404 });
+    });
+    globalThis.fetch = fetchMock as typeof globalThis.fetch;
+
+    // BEFORE fix: SkinAsset not catalogued -> lookup fails.
+    // AFTER fix: the scene envelope's refs[] carries the SkinAsset GUID ->
+    // loadByGuid recursion pulls it -> lookup succeeds.
+    const result = await reg.loadByGuid<SceneAsset>(parseGuid(SKIN_FIXUP_SCENE_GUID));
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+
+    expect(reg.lookup(parseGuid(SKIN_FIXUP_SKIN_GUID))).not.toBe(undefined);
+  });
+
+  it('parseScenePayload accepts skinGuids as inline strings (in-memory form)', async () => {
+    // dawn-smoke / direct register path stores skinGuids as raw GUID strings
+    // (not refs[] indices). parseScenePayload's resolveSkinGuids must accept
+    // both shapes for round-trip symmetry with the browser pack-fetch path.
+
+    defineComponent('Transform', { pos: 'array<f32, 3>' });
+
+    const reg = makeRegistry();
+    reg.catalog(parseGuid(SKIN_FIXUP_SKELETON_GUID), {
+      kind: 'skeleton',
+      inverseBindMatrices: new Float32Array(64),
+      jointCount: 1,
+    });
+    reg.catalog(parseGuid(SKIN_FIXUP_SKIN_GUID), {
+      kind: 'skin',
+      jointPaths: ['Root'],
+      skeletonGuid: SKIN_FIXUP_SKELETON_GUID,
+    });
+
+    // Build a SceneAsset POD with inline skinGuids (no refs[] indices).
+    const scene: SceneAsset = {
+      kind: 'scene',
+      entities: [{ localId: localId(0), components: { Transform: { pos: [0, 0, 0] } } }],
+      skinGuids: [SKIN_FIXUP_SKIN_GUID],
+    };
+    reg.catalog(parseGuid(SKIN_FIXUP_SCENE_GUID), scene);
+
+    const result = await reg.loadByGuid<SceneAsset>(parseGuid(SKIN_FIXUP_SCENE_GUID));
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+
+    // Inline-string skinGuids form resolves through the recursive walk too.
+    expect(reg.lookup(parseGuid(SKIN_FIXUP_SKIN_GUID))).not.toBe(undefined);
+  });
+});