@forgeax/engine-rhi-webgpu 0.0.0-dev.8d955ade1c79

package/dist/index.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,1745 @@
+import { err, RhiError, ok } from '@forgeax/engine-rhi';
+export { RhiError as RhiErrorClass, err, ok } from '@forgeax/engine-rhi';
+
+// src/index.ts
+function adapterUnavailable() {
+  return err(
+    new RhiError({
+      code: "adapter-unavailable",
+      expected: "an available browser-native WebGPU adapter",
+      hint: "this only reports the browser-native WebGPU channel; ForgeaX may continue through its wgpu/WebGL2 fallback, so do not conclude that the browser or machine is unsupported unless both backend causes fail"
+    })
+  );
+}
+function requestAdapterFailed(cause) {
+  const record = cause !== null && typeof cause === "object" ? cause : void 0;
+  const name = typeof record?.name === "string" && record.name.length > 0 ? record.name : void 0;
+  let message = typeof record?.message === "string" && record.message.length > 0 ? record.message : typeof cause === "string" ? cause : "";
+  if (message.length === 0 && cause !== void 0) {
+    try {
+      const serialized = JSON.stringify(cause);
+      message = serialized && serialized !== "{}" ? serialized : "unknown thrown object";
+    } catch {
+      message = "unserializable thrown object";
+    }
+  }
+  if (message.length === 0) message = "unknown requestAdapter failure";
+  return err(
+    new RhiError({
+      code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+      expected: "navigator.gpu.requestAdapter() resolves with an adapter or null",
+      hint: "inspect detail.error before assigning the failure to WebGPU capability; the ForgeaX runtime can still attempt its wgpu/WebGL2 fallback",
+      detail: {
+        error: {
+          code: "request-adapter-threw",
+          ...name === void 0 ? {} : { name },
+          message
+        }
+      }
+    })
+  );
+}
+function featureNotEnabled(featureName) {
+  const fname = "compute";
+  return err(
+    new RhiError({
+      code: "feature-not-enabled",
+      expected: `feature ${fname} to be enabled`,
+      hint: `verify device.features.${fname} before calling this entry point`
+    })
+  );
+}
+function limitExceeded(limitName) {
+  const lname = "maxBindGroups";
+  return err(
+    new RhiError({
+      code: "limit-exceeded",
+      expected: `${lname} to be within bounds`,
+      hint: `verify device.limits.${lname}`
+    })
+  );
+}
+function shaderCompileFailed(compilerMessages) {
+  const detail = { compilerMessages };
+  return err(
+    new RhiError({
+      code: "shader-compile-failed",
+      expected: "valid WGSL source",
+      hint: "inspect RhiError.detail.compilerMessages (each entry: { message, type, lineNum, linePos, offset, length } per WebGPU GPUCompilationMessage shape)",
+      detail
+    })
+  );
+}
+function commandEncoderFinished() {
+  return err(
+    new RhiError({
+      code: "command-encoder-finished",
+      expected: "command encoder must not be finished before recording new commands",
+      hint: "create a new command encoder via device.createCommandEncoder() for each frame; do not reuse a finished encoder"
+    })
+  );
+}
+function renderPassNotEnded() {
+  return err(
+    new RhiError({
+      code: "render-pass-not-ended",
+      expected: "previous render pass must be ended before beginning a new pass or finishing the encoder",
+      hint: "call pass.end() before beginRenderPass() or encoder.finish()"
+    })
+  );
+}
+function queueSubmitFailed(detailMessage) {
+  const baseHint = "check if any referenced buffer / pipeline / texture has been destroyed before submit";
+  const hint = detailMessage !== void 0 && detailMessage.length > 0 ? `${baseHint}; underlying GPU error: ${detailMessage}` : baseHint;
+  return err(
+    new RhiError({
+      code: "queue-submit-failed",
+      expected: "command buffer references must be valid at submit time (not destroyed; not from a different device)",
+      hint
+    })
+  );
+}
+function queueWriteBufferOutOfBounds(args) {
+  return err(
+    new RhiError({
+      code: "queue-write-buffer-out-of-bounds",
+      expected: "writeBuffer offset + data.byteLength must be <= buffer.size; offset must be 4-byte aligned",
+      hint: `verify offset alignment and bounds: offset (got ${args.offset}) + data.byteLength (got ${args.byteLength}) must be <= buffer.size (got ${args.bufferSize})`
+    })
+  );
+}
+function resolveTimestampQueries(args) {
+  try {
+    args.rawEncoder.resolveQuerySet(
+      args.rawQuerySet,
+      args.firstQuery,
+      args.queryCount,
+      args.rawDestination,
+      args.destinationOffset
+    );
+    return ok(void 0);
+  } catch (error) {
+    const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+    return err(
+      new RhiError({
+        code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+        expected: "underlying GPUCommandEncoder.resolveQuerySet to succeed",
+        hint: `resolveQuerySet raised: ${message}`
+      })
+    );
+  }
+}
+function writeTimestamp(args) {
+  const encoderWithTimestamp = args.rawEncoder;
+  if (typeof encoderWithTimestamp.writeTimestamp !== "function") {
+    throw new RhiError({
+      code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+      expected: "underlying GPUCommandEncoder.writeTimestamp to be callable",
+      hint: "timestamp-query is advertised but the raw encoder has no writeTimestamp method"
+    });
+  }
+  try {
+    encoderWithTimestamp.writeTimestamp(args.rawQuerySet, args.queryIndex);
+  } catch (error) {
+    const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+    throw new RhiError({
+      code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+      expected: "underlying GPUCommandEncoder.writeTimestamp to succeed",
+      hint: `writeTimestamp raised: ${message}`
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+// src/device.ts
+function mirror(src, keys) {
+  const out = {};
+  for (const k of keys) {
+    if (k in src) {
+      out[k] = src[k];
+    }
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+var BUFFER_KEYS = ["label", "size", "usage", "mappedAtCreation"];
+var TEXTURE_KEYS = [
+  "label",
+  "size",
+  "mipLevelCount",
+  "sampleCount",
+  "dimension",
+  "format",
+  "usage",
+  "viewFormats",
+  "textureBindingViewDimension"
+];
+var SAMPLER_KEYS = [
+  "label",
+  "addressModeU",
+  "addressModeV",
+  "addressModeW",
+  "magFilter",
+  "minFilter",
+  "mipmapFilter",
+  "lodMinClamp",
+  "lodMaxClamp",
+  "compare",
+  "maxAnisotropy"
+];
+var BGL_KEYS = ["label", "entries"];
+var PL_KEYS = ["label", "bindGroupLayouts"];
+var ENC_KEYS = ["label"];
+var TEXTURE_VIEW_KEYS = [
+  "label",
+  "format",
+  "dimension",
+  "usage",
+  "aspect",
+  "baseMipLevel",
+  "mipLevelCount",
+  "baseArrayLayer",
+  "arrayLayerCount"
+];
+var CP_KEYS = ["label", "layout", "compute"];
+var QS_KEYS = ["label", "type", "count"];
+var QUERY_SET_COUNT_LIMIT = 4096;
+var RAW_DEVICE_MAP = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+var BUFFER_RAW_MAP = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+var TEXTURE_VIEW_RAW_MAP = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+var ENCODER_STATE = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+var PASS_STATE = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+var COMMAND_BUFFER_RAW_MAP = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+var TEXTURE_META_MAP = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+var QUERY_SET_RAW_MAP = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+var QUERY_SET_DESTROYED_MAP = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+var BUFFER_META_MAP = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+var BUFFER_USAGE_QUERY_RESOLVE = 512;
+var QUERY_RESOLVE_ALIGNMENT = 256;
+function _internal_getRawDevice(device) {
+  return RAW_DEVICE_MAP.get(device);
+}
+function probeRgba16floatRenderable(device) {
+  let tex;
+  try {
+    tex = device.createTexture({
+      label: "forgeax-caps-probe-rgba16float-renderable",
+      format: "rgba16float",
+      usage: 16,
+      // GPUTextureUsage.RENDER_ATTACHMENT
+      size: [1, 1, 1]
+    });
+    return true;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  } finally {
+    tex?.destroy?.();
+  }
+}
+function probeRg11b10ufloatRenderable(device, features) {
+  if (!features.has("rg11b10ufloat-renderable")) return false;
+  let tex;
+  try {
+    tex = device.createTexture({
+      label: "forgeax-caps-probe-rg11b10ufloat-renderable",
+      format: "rg11b10ufloat",
+      usage: 16,
+      // GPUTextureUsage.RENDER_ATTACHMENT
+      size: [1, 1, 1]
+    });
+    return true;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  } finally {
+    tex?.destroy?.();
+  }
+}
+function probeFloat32Filterable(device, features) {
+  if (!features.has("float32-filterable")) return false;
+  try {
+    device.createBindGroupLayout({
+      entries: [
+        { binding: 0, visibility: 2, sampler: { type: "filtering" } },
+        // GPUShaderStage.FRAGMENT = 2
+        { binding: 1, visibility: 2, texture: { sampleType: "float" } }
+      ]
+    });
+    device.createSampler({ minFilter: "linear", magFilter: "linear" });
+    return true;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+function deriveCaps(rawDevice, features, limits) {
+  const has = (name) => features.has(name);
+  const textureCompressionBc = has("texture-compression-bc");
+  const textureCompressionEtc2 = has("texture-compression-etc2");
+  const textureCompressionAstc = has("texture-compression-astc");
+  const hdrCaps = {
+    rgba16floatRenderable: probeRgba16floatRenderable(rawDevice),
+    rg11b10ufloatRenderable: probeRg11b10ufloatRenderable(rawDevice, features),
+    float32Filterable: probeFloat32Filterable(rawDevice, features)
+  };
+  return {
+    backendKind: "webgpu",
+    compute: true,
+    // WebGPU spec mandates compute-pipeline support.
+    timestampQuery: has("timestamp-query"),
+    timestampPeriodNanoseconds: has("timestamp-query") ? 1 : null,
+    indirectDrawing: true,
+    // WebGPU spec mandates drawIndirect / drawIndexedIndirect.
+    textureCompressionBc,
+    textureCompressionEtc2,
+    textureCompressionAstc,
+    multiDrawIndirect: false,
+    // wgpu native extension; unavailable on WebGPU browser path.
+    pushConstants: false,
+    // wgpu native extension; unavailable on WebGPU browser path.
+    textureBindingArray: false,
+    // wgpu native extension; unavailable on WebGPU browser path.
+    // 4 new fields (D-P3 / R-03 §3.1):
+    samplerAliasing: true,
+    // spec mandatory on browser backends.
+    firstInstanceIndirect: has("indirect-first-instance"),
+    storageBuffer: (limits.maxStorageBuffersPerShaderStage ?? 0) > 0,
+    storageTexture: (limits.maxStorageTexturesPerShaderStage ?? 0) > 0,
+    // HDR / filterable caps (feat-20260608 M1):
+    ...hdrCaps,
+    maxColorAttachments: limits.maxColorAttachments ?? 4
+  };
+}
+function makeRenderPassEncoder(rawPass, encoder, occlusionQuerySet) {
+  const pass = {
+    setPipeline(pipeline) {
+      rawPass.setPipeline(pipeline);
+    },
+    setVertexBuffer(slot, buffer, offset, size) {
+      const rawBuf = BUFFER_RAW_MAP.get(buffer) ?? buffer;
+      rawPass.setVertexBuffer(slot, rawBuf, offset, size);
+    },
+    setIndexBuffer(buffer, format, offset, size) {
+      const rawBuf = BUFFER_RAW_MAP.get(buffer) ?? buffer;
+      rawPass.setIndexBuffer(rawBuf, format, offset, size);
+    },
+    setBindGroup(index, bindGroup, arg3, arg4, arg5) {
+      if (arg3 instanceof Uint32Array) {
+        rawPass.setBindGroup(
+          index,
+          bindGroup,
+          arg3,
+          arg4 ?? 0,
+          arg5 ?? arg3.length
+        );
+      } else if (arg3 === void 0) {
+        rawPass.setBindGroup(index, bindGroup);
+      } else {
+        rawPass.setBindGroup(index, bindGroup, arg3);
+      }
+    },
+    draw(vertexCount, instanceCount, firstVertex, firstInstance) {
+      rawPass.draw(vertexCount, instanceCount, firstVertex, firstInstance);
+    },
+    drawIndexed(indexCount, instanceCount, firstIndex, baseVertex, firstInstance) {
+      rawPass.drawIndexed(indexCount, instanceCount, firstIndex, baseVertex, firstInstance);
+    },
+    setViewport(x, y, w, h, minDepth, maxDepth) {
+      rawPass.setViewport(x, y, w, h, minDepth, maxDepth);
+    },
+    setScissorRect(x, y, w, h) {
+      rawPass.setScissorRect(x, y, w, h);
+    },
+    setBlendConstant(color) {
+      rawPass.setBlendConstant(color);
+    },
+    setStencilReference(reference) {
+      rawPass.setStencilReference(reference);
+    },
+    drawIndirect(indirectBuffer, indirectOffset) {
+      const rawBuf = BUFFER_RAW_MAP.get(indirectBuffer) ?? indirectBuffer;
+      rawPass.drawIndirect(rawBuf, indirectOffset);
+    },
+    drawIndexedIndirect(indirectBuffer, indirectOffset) {
+      const rawBuf = BUFFER_RAW_MAP.get(indirectBuffer) ?? indirectBuffer;
+      rawPass.drawIndexedIndirect(rawBuf, indirectOffset);
+    },
+    pushDebugGroup(groupLabel) {
+      rawPass.pushDebugGroup(groupLabel);
+    },
+    popDebugGroup() {
+      rawPass.popDebugGroup();
+    },
+    insertDebugMarker(markerLabel) {
+      rawPass.insertDebugMarker(markerLabel);
+    },
+    executeBundles(_bundles) {
+      return err(
+        new RhiError({
+          code: "rhi-not-available",
+          expected: "render bundle creation requires future closed loop",
+          hint: "see feat-future-rhi-render-bundle"
+        })
+      );
+    },
+    beginOcclusionQuery(queryIndex) {
+      const state = PASS_STATE.get(pass);
+      if (state === void 0) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "render pass state must exist",
+            hint: "beginOcclusionQuery called on an untracked render pass"
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      if (state.occlusionQuerySet === null) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "GPURenderPassDescriptor.occlusionQuerySet must be set",
+            hint: "pass occlusionQuerySet in RenderPassDescriptor before beginOcclusionQuery"
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      if (state.occlusionQueryActive) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "[[occlusion_query_active]] == false; pair beginOcclusionQuery / endOcclusionQuery",
+            hint: "call endOcclusionQuery() before beginOcclusionQuery() again; occlusion queries cannot nest (spec \xA7render-passes)"
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      const rawQs = QUERY_SET_RAW_MAP.get(state.occlusionQuerySet);
+      const qsCount = rawQs !== void 0 && typeof rawQs.count === "number" ? rawQs.count : Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
+      if (queryIndex < 0 || queryIndex >= qsCount) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "queryIndex < querySet.count",
+            hint: `got queryIndex=${queryIndex}; querySet.count=${qsCount}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      if (state.occlusionQueryWritten.has(queryIndex)) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "queryIndex must not have been written in this pass",
+            hint: `queryIndex=${queryIndex} was already written; cross-pass reuse on the same querySet is legal but in-pass reuse is not (spec \xA7queries)`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      try {
+        rawPass.beginOcclusionQuery(queryIndex);
+        state.occlusionQueryActive = true;
+        state.occlusionQueryWritten.add(queryIndex);
+        return ok(void 0);
+      } catch (e) {
+        const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "underlying GPURenderPassEncoder.beginOcclusionQuery to succeed",
+            hint: `beginOcclusionQuery raised: ${message}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+    },
+    endOcclusionQuery() {
+      const state = PASS_STATE.get(pass);
+      if (state === void 0) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "render pass state must exist",
+            hint: "endOcclusionQuery called on an untracked render pass"
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      if (!state.occlusionQueryActive) {
+        return renderPassNotEnded();
+      }
+      try {
+        rawPass.endOcclusionQuery();
+        state.occlusionQueryActive = false;
+        return ok(void 0);
+      } catch (e) {
+        const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "underlying GPURenderPassEncoder.endOcclusionQuery to succeed",
+            hint: `endOcclusionQuery raised: ${message}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+    },
+    end() {
+      const state = PASS_STATE.get(pass);
+      if (state !== void 0) {
+        state.ended = true;
+      }
+      rawPass.end();
+      const encState = ENCODER_STATE.get(encoder);
+      if (encState !== void 0 && encState.activePass === pass) {
+        encState.activePass = null;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+  PASS_STATE.set(pass, {
+    raw: rawPass,
+    ended: false,
+    encoder,
+    occlusionQuerySet,
+    occlusionQueryActive: false,
+    occlusionQueryWritten: /* @__PURE__ */ new Set()
+  });
+  return pass;
+}
+var ENCODER_FINISHED_ERROR_ARGS = {
+  code: "command-encoder-finished",
+  expected: "command encoder must not be finished before recording new commands",
+  hint: "create a new command encoder via device.createCommandEncoder() for each frame; do not reuse a finished encoder"
+};
+function throwIfFinished(state) {
+  if (state?.finished) {
+    throw new RhiError(ENCODER_FINISHED_ERROR_ARGS);
+  }
+}
+function rawTextureView(view) {
+  return TEXTURE_VIEW_RAW_MAP.get(view) ?? view;
+}
+function mirrorRenderPassDescriptor(desc) {
+  const colorAttachments = [];
+  for (const attachment of desc.colorAttachments) {
+    if (attachment === null || attachment === void 0) {
+      colorAttachments.push(null);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (attachment.loadOp === void 0 || attachment.storeOp === void 0) {
+      throw new TypeError("RHI render-pass color attachments require loadOp and storeOp");
+    }
+    colorAttachments.push({
+      view: rawTextureView(attachment.view),
+      ...attachment.depthSlice === void 0 ? {} : { depthSlice: attachment.depthSlice },
+      ...attachment.resolveTarget === void 0 ? {} : { resolveTarget: rawTextureView(attachment.resolveTarget) },
+      ...attachment.clearValue === void 0 ? {} : { clearValue: attachment.clearValue },
+      loadOp: attachment.loadOp,
+      storeOp: attachment.storeOp
+    });
+  }
+  return {
+    ...desc.label === void 0 ? {} : { label: desc.label },
+    colorAttachments,
+    ...desc.depthStencilAttachment === void 0 ? {} : {
+      depthStencilAttachment: {
+        view: rawTextureView(desc.depthStencilAttachment.view),
+        ...desc.depthStencilAttachment.depthClearValue === void 0 ? {} : { depthClearValue: desc.depthStencilAttachment.depthClearValue },
+        ...desc.depthStencilAttachment.depthLoadOp === void 0 ? {} : { depthLoadOp: desc.depthStencilAttachment.depthLoadOp },
+        ...desc.depthStencilAttachment.depthStoreOp === void 0 ? {} : { depthStoreOp: desc.depthStencilAttachment.depthStoreOp },
+        ...desc.depthStencilAttachment.depthReadOnly === void 0 ? {} : { depthReadOnly: desc.depthStencilAttachment.depthReadOnly },
+        ...desc.depthStencilAttachment.stencilClearValue === void 0 ? {} : { stencilClearValue: desc.depthStencilAttachment.stencilClearValue },
+        ...desc.depthStencilAttachment.stencilLoadOp === void 0 ? {} : { stencilLoadOp: desc.depthStencilAttachment.stencilLoadOp },
+        ...desc.depthStencilAttachment.stencilStoreOp === void 0 ? {} : { stencilStoreOp: desc.depthStencilAttachment.stencilStoreOp },
+        ...desc.depthStencilAttachment.stencilReadOnly === void 0 ? {} : { stencilReadOnly: desc.depthStencilAttachment.stencilReadOnly }
+      }
+    },
+    ...desc.occlusionQuerySet === void 0 ? {} : {
+      occlusionQuerySet: QUERY_SET_RAW_MAP.get(desc.occlusionQuerySet) ?? desc.occlusionQuerySet
+    },
+    ...desc.timestampWrites === void 0 ? {} : {
+      timestampWrites: {
+        querySet: QUERY_SET_RAW_MAP.get(desc.timestampWrites.querySet) ?? desc.timestampWrites.querySet,
+        ...desc.timestampWrites.beginningOfPassWriteIndex === void 0 ? {} : { beginningOfPassWriteIndex: desc.timestampWrites.beginningOfPassWriteIndex },
+        ...desc.timestampWrites.endOfPassWriteIndex === void 0 ? {} : { endOfPassWriteIndex: desc.timestampWrites.endOfPassWriteIndex }
+      }
+    },
+    ...desc.maxDrawCount === void 0 ? {} : { maxDrawCount: desc.maxDrawCount }
+  };
+}
+function mirrorRenderPipelineDescriptor(desc) {
+  const vertex = {
+    module: desc.vertex.module,
+    ...desc.vertex.buffers === void 0 ? {} : { buffers: Array.from(desc.vertex.buffers) },
+    ...desc.vertex.entryPoint === void 0 ? {} : { entryPoint: desc.vertex.entryPoint },
+    ...desc.vertex.constants === void 0 ? {} : { constants: desc.vertex.constants }
+  };
+  const fragment = desc.fragment === void 0 ? void 0 : {
+    module: desc.fragment.module,
+    targets: Array.from(desc.fragment.targets),
+    ...desc.fragment.entryPoint === void 0 ? {} : { entryPoint: desc.fragment.entryPoint },
+    ...desc.fragment.constants === void 0 ? {} : { constants: desc.fragment.constants }
+  };
+  return {
+    ...desc.label === void 0 ? {} : { label: desc.label },
+    layout: desc.layout === "auto" ? "auto" : desc.layout,
+    vertex,
+    ...desc.primitive === void 0 ? {} : { primitive: desc.primitive },
+    ...desc.depthStencil === void 0 ? {} : { depthStencil: desc.depthStencil },
+    ...desc.multisample === void 0 ? {} : { multisample: desc.multisample },
+    ...fragment === void 0 ? {} : { fragment }
+  };
+}
+function makeCommandEncoder(rawEncoder, caps, fireFeatureNotEnabled) {
+  function mirrorComputePassDescriptor(desc) {
+    if (desc === void 0) return void 0;
+    const out = mirror(desc, ["label"]);
+    if ("timestampWrites" in desc) {
+      const writes = desc.timestampWrites;
+      out.timestampWrites = writes === void 0 ? void 0 : {
+        querySet: QUERY_SET_RAW_MAP.get(writes.querySet) ?? writes.querySet,
+        ...writes.beginningOfPassWriteIndex === void 0 ? {} : { beginningOfPassWriteIndex: writes.beginningOfPassWriteIndex },
+        ...writes.endOfPassWriteIndex === void 0 ? {} : { endOfPassWriteIndex: writes.endOfPassWriteIndex }
+      };
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+  const enc = {
+    beginRenderPass(desc) {
+      const state = ENCODER_STATE.get(enc);
+      throwIfFinished(state);
+      const rawPass = rawEncoder.beginRenderPass(mirrorRenderPassDescriptor(desc));
+      const occlusionQuerySet = desc.occlusionQuerySet ?? null;
+      const pass = makeRenderPassEncoder(rawPass, enc, occlusionQuerySet);
+      if (state !== void 0) state.activePass = pass;
+      return pass;
+    },
+    beginComputePass(desc) {
+      const state = ENCODER_STATE.get(enc);
+      throwIfFinished(state);
+      const rawDescriptor = mirrorComputePassDescriptor(desc);
+      const rawPass = rawDescriptor === void 0 ? rawEncoder.beginComputePass() : rawEncoder.beginComputePass(rawDescriptor);
+      const pass = {
+        setPipeline(pipeline) {
+          rawPass.setPipeline(pipeline);
+        },
+        setBindGroup(index, bindGroup, dynamicOffsets) {
+          if (dynamicOffsets === void 0) {
+            rawPass.setBindGroup(index, bindGroup);
+          } else {
+            rawPass.setBindGroup(index, bindGroup, dynamicOffsets);
+          }
+        },
+        dispatchWorkgroups(x, y, z) {
+          rawPass.dispatchWorkgroups(x, y, z);
+        },
+        dispatchWorkgroupsIndirect(indirectBuffer, indirectOffset) {
+          const rawBuffer = BUFFER_RAW_MAP.get(indirectBuffer) ?? indirectBuffer;
+          rawPass.dispatchWorkgroupsIndirect(rawBuffer, indirectOffset);
+        },
+        end() {
+          rawPass.end();
+        }
+      };
+      return pass;
+    },
+    copyBufferToBuffer(source, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5) {
+      const state = ENCODER_STATE.get(enc);
+      throwIfFinished(state);
+      const rawSource = BUFFER_RAW_MAP.get(source) ?? source;
+      if (typeof arg2 === "number") {
+        const dst = arg3;
+        const rawDst = BUFFER_RAW_MAP.get(dst) ?? dst;
+        rawEncoder.copyBufferToBuffer(rawSource, arg2, rawDst, arg4 ?? 0, arg5 ?? 0);
+      } else {
+        const dst = arg2;
+        const rawDst = BUFFER_RAW_MAP.get(dst) ?? dst;
+        rawEncoder.copyBufferToBuffer(rawSource, rawDst, arg3);
+      }
+    },
+    copyBufferToTexture(source, destination, copySize) {
+      const state = ENCODER_STATE.get(enc);
+      throwIfFinished(state);
+      const rawSrc = {
+        ...source,
+        buffer: BUFFER_RAW_MAP.get(source.buffer) ?? source.buffer
+      };
+      rawEncoder.copyBufferToTexture(rawSrc, destination, copySize);
+    },
+    copyTextureToBuffer(source, destination, copySize) {
+      const state = ENCODER_STATE.get(enc);
+      throwIfFinished(state);
+      const rawDst = {
+        ...destination,
+        buffer: BUFFER_RAW_MAP.get(destination.buffer) ?? destination.buffer
+      };
+      rawEncoder.copyTextureToBuffer(source, rawDst, copySize);
+    },
+    copyTextureToTexture(source, destination, copySize) {
+      const state = ENCODER_STATE.get(enc);
+      throwIfFinished(state);
+      rawEncoder.copyTextureToTexture(source, destination, copySize);
+    },
+    clearBuffer(buffer, offset, size) {
+      const state = ENCODER_STATE.get(enc);
+      throwIfFinished(state);
+      const rawBuf = BUFFER_RAW_MAP.get(buffer) ?? buffer;
+      rawEncoder.clearBuffer(rawBuf, offset, size);
+    },
+    resolveQuerySet(querySet, firstQuery, queryCount, destination, destinationOffset) {
+      const state = ENCODER_STATE.get(enc);
+      if (state?.finished) {
+        return commandEncoderFinished();
+      }
+      if (destinationOffset % QUERY_RESOLVE_ALIGNMENT !== 0) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "destinationOffset % 256 == 0 (spec normative)",
+            hint: `got destinationOffset=${destinationOffset}; align to a multiple of 256 bytes (kQueryResolveAlignment)`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      const dstMeta = BUFFER_META_MAP.get(destination);
+      if (dstMeta !== void 0 && (dstMeta.usage & BUFFER_USAGE_QUERY_RESOLVE) === 0) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "destination.usage must contain QUERY_RESOLVE",
+            hint: `got destination.usage=0x${dstMeta.usage.toString(16)}; create the buffer with GPUBufferUsage.QUERY_RESOLVE (0x200)`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      const rawQs = QUERY_SET_RAW_MAP.get(querySet);
+      const qsCount = rawQs !== void 0 && typeof rawQs.count === "number" ? rawQs.count : Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
+      if (firstQuery < 0 || firstQuery + queryCount > qsCount) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "firstQuery + queryCount <= querySet.count",
+            hint: `got firstQuery=${firstQuery}, queryCount=${queryCount}; querySet.count=${qsCount}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      if (dstMeta !== void 0) {
+        const requiredBytes = destinationOffset + 8 * queryCount;
+        if (requiredBytes > dstMeta.size) {
+          return err(
+            new RhiError({
+              code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+              expected: "destinationOffset + 8 * queryCount <= destination.size",
+              hint: `got destinationOffset=${destinationOffset}, queryCount=${queryCount} (8 * queryCount = ${8 * queryCount}); destination.size=${dstMeta.size}`
+            })
+          );
+        }
+      }
+      const rawQsHandle = QUERY_SET_RAW_MAP.get(querySet) ?? querySet;
+      const rawDstHandle = BUFFER_RAW_MAP.get(destination) ?? destination;
+      return resolveTimestampQueries({
+        rawEncoder,
+        rawQuerySet: rawQsHandle,
+        firstQuery,
+        queryCount,
+        rawDestination: rawDstHandle,
+        destinationOffset
+      });
+    },
+    pushDebugGroup(groupLabel) {
+      rawEncoder.pushDebugGroup(groupLabel);
+    },
+    popDebugGroup() {
+      rawEncoder.popDebugGroup();
+    },
+    insertDebugMarker(markerLabel) {
+      rawEncoder.insertDebugMarker(markerLabel);
+    },
+    writeTimestamp(querySet, queryIndex) {
+      const state = ENCODER_STATE.get(enc);
+      throwIfFinished(state);
+      if (caps.timestampQuery !== true) {
+        fireFeatureNotEnabled(
+          "timestamp-query",
+          "check device.caps.timestampQuery before calling writeTimestamp"
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+      const rawQs = QUERY_SET_RAW_MAP.get(querySet) ?? querySet;
+      writeTimestamp({ rawEncoder, rawQuerySet: rawQs, queryIndex });
+    },
+    finish() {
+      const state = ENCODER_STATE.get(enc);
+      if (state === void 0) {
+        return commandEncoderFinished();
+      }
+      if (state.finished) {
+        return commandEncoderFinished();
+      }
+      if (state.activePass !== null) {
+        const passState = PASS_STATE.get(state.activePass);
+        if (passState !== void 0 && !passState.ended) {
+          return renderPassNotEnded();
+        }
+      }
+      const rawCommandBuffer = rawEncoder.finish();
+      state.finished = true;
+      const cb = rawCommandBuffer;
+      COMMAND_BUFFER_RAW_MAP.set(cb, rawCommandBuffer);
+      return ok(cb);
+    }
+  };
+  ENCODER_STATE.set(enc, { raw: rawEncoder, finished: false, activePass: null });
+  return enc;
+}
+var MAP_MODE_READ = 1;
+var MAP_MODE_WRITE = 2;
+var BUFFER_USAGE_MAP_READ = 1;
+var BUFFER_USAGE_MAP_WRITE = 2;
+function rangeError(args) {
+  return err(
+    new RhiError({
+      code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+      expected: args.expected,
+      hint: args.hint
+    })
+  );
+}
+function makeBufferWrapper(raw, size, usage) {
+  const initialState = typeof raw.mapState === "string" ? raw.mapState : "unmapped";
+  let mapState = initialState;
+  const wrapper = {
+    get mapState() {
+      const rs = raw.mapState;
+      if (typeof rs === "string") {
+        mapState = rs;
+        return rs;
+      }
+      return mapState;
+    },
+    async mapAsync(mode, offset, sizeArg) {
+      const cur = wrapper.mapState;
+      if (cur !== "unmapped") {
+        return rangeError({
+          expected: 'buffer.mapState === "unmapped" before mapAsync',
+          hint: `got mapState=${cur}; call buffer.unmap() before mapAsync, or wait for the previous mapAsync to settle`
+        });
+      }
+      const off = offset ?? 0;
+      const rangeSize = sizeArg === void 0 ? Math.max(0, size - off) : sizeArg;
+      if (off % 8 !== 0) {
+        return rangeError({
+          expected: "mapAsync offset % 8 == 0 (spec normative)",
+          hint: `got offset=${off}; align offset to 8 bytes`
+        });
+      }
+      if (rangeSize % 4 !== 0) {
+        return rangeError({
+          expected: "mapAsync rangeSize % 4 == 0 (spec normative)",
+          hint: `got rangeSize=${rangeSize}; align rangeSize to 4 bytes`
+        });
+      }
+      if (off + rangeSize > size) {
+        return rangeError({
+          expected: "mapAsync offset + rangeSize <= buffer.size",
+          hint: `got offset=${off}, rangeSize=${rangeSize}; buffer.size=${size}`
+        });
+      }
+      if ((mode & -4) !== 0) {
+        return rangeError({
+          expected: "mapAsync mode contains only READ or WRITE bits",
+          hint: `got mode=0x${mode.toString(16)}; pass GPUMapMode.READ (0x1) or GPUMapMode.WRITE (0x2)`
+        });
+      }
+      if (mode !== MAP_MODE_READ && mode !== MAP_MODE_WRITE) {
+        return rangeError({
+          expected: "mapAsync mode is exactly one of READ | WRITE (not both)",
+          hint: `got mode=0x${mode.toString(16)}; pass GPUMapMode.READ (0x1) or GPUMapMode.WRITE (0x2), not the OR-combined mask`
+        });
+      }
+      if ((mode & MAP_MODE_READ) !== 0 && (usage & BUFFER_USAGE_MAP_READ) === 0) {
+        return rangeError({
+          expected: "mapAsync mode READ requires buffer.usage to contain MAP_READ",
+          hint: `got mode=READ, buffer.usage=0x${usage.toString(16)}; create buffer with GPUBufferUsage.MAP_READ`
+        });
+      }
+      if ((mode & MAP_MODE_WRITE) !== 0 && (usage & BUFFER_USAGE_MAP_WRITE) === 0) {
+        return rangeError({
+          expected: "mapAsync mode WRITE requires buffer.usage to contain MAP_WRITE",
+          hint: `got mode=WRITE, buffer.usage=0x${usage.toString(16)}; create buffer with GPUBufferUsage.MAP_WRITE`
+        });
+      }
+      mapState = "pending";
+      try {
+        if (typeof raw.mapAsync === "function") {
+          if (sizeArg === void 0 && offset === void 0) {
+            await raw.mapAsync(mode);
+          } else if (sizeArg === void 0) {
+            await raw.mapAsync(mode, off);
+          } else {
+            await raw.mapAsync(mode, off, sizeArg);
+          }
+        }
+        mapState = "mapped";
+        return ok(wrapper);
+      } catch (e) {
+        mapState = "unmapped";
+        const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+        return rangeError({
+          expected: "underlying GPUBuffer.mapAsync to succeed",
+          hint: `mapAsync raised: ${message}`
+        });
+      }
+    },
+    getMappedRange(offset, sizeArg) {
+      const cur = wrapper.mapState;
+      if (cur !== "mapped") {
+        return rangeError({
+          expected: 'buffer.mapState === "mapped" before getMappedRange',
+          hint: "call buffer.mapAsync(MODE) and await it before getMappedRange"
+        });
+      }
+      try {
+        if (typeof raw.getMappedRange !== "function") {
+          return rangeError({
+            expected: "underlying GPUBuffer.getMappedRange to be available",
+            hint: "mock or driver does not expose getMappedRange; use a real GPUBuffer"
+          });
+        }
+        const view = sizeArg === void 0 ? offset === void 0 ? raw.getMappedRange() : raw.getMappedRange(offset) : raw.getMappedRange(offset ?? 0, sizeArg);
+        return ok(view);
+      } catch (e) {
+        const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+        return rangeError({
+          expected: "underlying GPUBuffer.getMappedRange to succeed",
+          hint: `getMappedRange raised: ${message}`
+        });
+      }
+    },
+    unmap() {
+      try {
+        if (typeof raw.unmap === "function") {
+          raw.unmap();
+        }
+      } catch {
+      }
+      mapState = "unmapped";
+    }
+  };
+  return wrapper;
+}
+function makeQueue(rawQueue) {
+  return {
+    writeBuffer(buffer, bufferOffset, data, dataOffset, size) {
+      const rawBuffer = BUFFER_RAW_MAP.get(buffer) ?? buffer;
+      const bufferSize = typeof rawBuffer.size === "number" ? rawBuffer.size : Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
+      if (bufferOffset % 4 !== 0) {
+        return queueWriteBufferOutOfBounds({
+          offset: bufferOffset,
+          byteLength: data instanceof ArrayBuffer ? data.byteLength : data.byteLength,
+          bufferSize
+        });
+      }
+      const dataByteLength = data instanceof ArrayBuffer ? data.byteLength : data.byteLength;
+      const writeStart = dataOffset ?? 0;
+      const writeSize = size ?? dataByteLength - writeStart;
+      if (bufferOffset + writeSize > bufferSize) {
+        return queueWriteBufferOutOfBounds({
+          offset: bufferOffset,
+          byteLength: writeSize,
+          bufferSize
+        });
+      }
+      try {
+        if (size !== void 0) {
+          rawQueue.writeBuffer(
+            rawBuffer,
+            bufferOffset,
+            data,
+            writeStart,
+            size
+          );
+        } else if (dataOffset !== void 0) {
+          rawQueue.writeBuffer(
+            rawBuffer,
+            bufferOffset,
+            data,
+            writeStart
+          );
+        } else {
+          rawQueue.writeBuffer(rawBuffer, bufferOffset, data);
+        }
+        return ok(void 0);
+      } catch (e) {
+        const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+        if (/out of (bounds|range)|exceed/i.test(message)) {
+          return queueWriteBufferOutOfBounds({
+            offset: bufferOffset,
+            byteLength: writeSize,
+            bufferSize
+          });
+        }
+        return queueSubmitFailed(message);
+      }
+    },
+    submit(commandBuffers) {
+      const rawList = [];
+      for (const cb of commandBuffers) {
+        const raw = COMMAND_BUFFER_RAW_MAP.get(cb);
+        if (raw !== void 0) {
+          rawList.push(raw);
+        } else {
+          rawList.push(cb);
+        }
+      }
+      try {
+        rawQueue.submit(rawList);
+        return ok(void 0);
+      } catch (e) {
+        const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+        return queueSubmitFailed(message);
+      }
+    },
+    writeTexture(destination, data, dataLayout, size) {
+      try {
+        const rawDestination = {
+          texture: destination.texture
+        };
+        if (destination.mipLevel !== void 0) rawDestination.mipLevel = destination.mipLevel;
+        if (destination.origin !== void 0) rawDestination.origin = destination.origin;
+        if (destination.aspect !== void 0) rawDestination.aspect = destination.aspect;
+        rawQueue.writeTexture(
+          rawDestination,
+          data,
+          dataLayout,
+          size
+        );
+        return ok(void 0);
+      } catch (e) {
+        const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "underlying GPUQueue.writeTexture to succeed",
+            hint: `writeTexture raised: ${message}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+    },
+    copyExternalImageToTexture(source, destination, copySize) {
+      try {
+        rawQueue.copyExternalImageToTexture(
+          source,
+          {
+            texture: destination.texture,
+            ...destination.mipLevel === void 0 ? {} : { mipLevel: destination.mipLevel },
+            ...destination.origin === void 0 ? {} : { origin: destination.origin },
+            ...destination.aspect === void 0 ? {} : { aspect: destination.aspect },
+            ...destination.colorSpace === void 0 ? {} : { colorSpace: destination.colorSpace },
+            ...destination.premultipliedAlpha === void 0 ? {} : { premultipliedAlpha: destination.premultipliedAlpha }
+          },
+          copySize
+        );
+        return ok(void 0);
+      } catch (e) {
+        const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "underlying GPUQueue.copyExternalImageToTexture to succeed",
+            hint: `copyExternalImageToTexture raised: ${message}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+    },
+    // forgeax-async-whitelist: dom-native — spec `GPUQueue.onSubmittedWorkDone()` Promise passthrough
+    onSubmittedWorkDone() {
+      return rawQueue.onSubmittedWorkDone();
+    }
+  };
+}
+function makeRhiDevice(rawDevice) {
+  const caps = deriveCaps(rawDevice, rawDevice.features, rawDevice.limits);
+  const features = rawDevice.features;
+  const limits = rawDevice.limits;
+  const queue = makeQueue(rawDevice.queue);
+  const device = {
+    caps,
+    features,
+    limits,
+    queue,
+    lost: rawDevice.lost,
+    createBuffer(desc) {
+      const out = rawDevice.createBuffer(
+        mirror(desc, BUFFER_KEYS)
+      );
+      const sizeField = typeof desc.size === "number" ? desc.size : 0;
+      const usageField = desc.usage ?? 0;
+      const handle = makeBufferWrapper(out, sizeField, usageField);
+      BUFFER_RAW_MAP.set(handle, out);
+      BUFFER_META_MAP.set(handle, {
+        size: sizeField,
+        usage: usageField,
+        destroyed: false
+      });
+      return ok(handle);
+    },
+    createTexture(desc) {
+      const out = rawDevice.createTexture(
+        mirror(desc, TEXTURE_KEYS)
+      );
+      const handle = out;
+      const viewFormats = desc.viewFormats === void 0 ? [] : Array.from(desc.viewFormats);
+      TEXTURE_META_MAP.set(handle, {
+        format: desc.format,
+        usage: desc.usage,
+        viewFormats,
+        destroyed: false
+      });
+      return ok(handle);
+    },
+    destroyBuffer(buf) {
+      const meta = BUFFER_META_MAP.get(buf);
+      if (meta?.destroyed) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "destroy-after-destroy",
+            expected: "GPU buffer handle has not been destroyed yet",
+            hint: "object already destroyed; track lifecycle in caller or check isDestroyed before re-destroy"
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      const rawBuf = BUFFER_RAW_MAP.get(buf);
+      try {
+        if (rawBuf !== void 0 && typeof rawBuf.destroy === "function") {
+          rawBuf.destroy();
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "underlying GPUBuffer.destroy() to succeed",
+            hint: `destroy raised: ${message}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      if (meta !== void 0) meta.destroyed = true;
+      return ok(void 0);
+    },
+    destroyTexture(tex) {
+      const meta = TEXTURE_META_MAP.get(tex);
+      if (meta?.destroyed) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "destroy-after-destroy",
+            expected: "GPU texture handle has not been destroyed yet",
+            hint: "object already destroyed; track lifecycle in caller or check isDestroyed before re-destroy"
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      const rawTex = tex;
+      try {
+        if (typeof rawTex.destroy === "function") {
+          rawTex.destroy();
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "underlying GPUTexture.destroy() to succeed",
+            hint: `destroy raised: ${message}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      if (meta !== void 0) meta.destroyed = true;
+      return ok(void 0);
+    },
+    createTextureView(texture, desc) {
+      const meta = TEXTURE_META_MAP.get(texture);
+      if (meta !== void 0) {
+        const fmt = desc.format;
+        if (fmt !== void 0 && fmt !== meta.format && !meta.viewFormats.includes(fmt)) {
+          return err(
+            new RhiError({
+              code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+              expected: "createTextureView format must be the source texture format or one of source.viewFormats",
+              hint: `got format='${fmt}'; source.format='${meta.format}'; source.viewFormats=[${meta.viewFormats.join(", ")}]`
+            })
+          );
+        }
+        const reqUsage = desc.usage;
+        if (reqUsage !== void 0 && reqUsage !== 0 && (reqUsage & ~meta.usage) !== 0) {
+          return err(
+            new RhiError({
+              code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+              expected: "createTextureView usage must be a subset of source.usage",
+              hint: `got usage=0x${reqUsage.toString(16)}; source.usage=0x${meta.usage.toString(16)}`
+            })
+          );
+        }
+      }
+      const rawTexture = texture;
+      try {
+        const rawView = rawTexture.createView(
+          mirror(desc, TEXTURE_VIEW_KEYS)
+        );
+        const handle = rawView;
+        TEXTURE_VIEW_RAW_MAP.set(handle, rawView);
+        return ok(handle);
+      } catch (e) {
+        const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "underlying GPUTexture.createView to succeed",
+            hint: `createView raised: ${message}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+    },
+    createSampler(desc) {
+      if (desc === void 0) {
+        const out2 = rawDevice.createSampler();
+        return ok(out2);
+      }
+      const out = rawDevice.createSampler(
+        mirror(desc, SAMPLER_KEYS)
+      );
+      return ok(out);
+    },
+    createBindGroupLayout(desc) {
+      const out = rawDevice.createBindGroupLayout(
+        mirror(desc, BGL_KEYS)
+      );
+      return ok(out);
+    },
+    createBindGroup(desc) {
+      const mirrored = {
+        layout: desc.layout,
+        entries: []
+      };
+      if ("label" in desc && desc.label !== void 0) mirrored.label = desc.label;
+      for (const entry of desc.entries) {
+        const resource = entry.resource;
+        switch (resource.kind) {
+          case "sampler": {
+            mirrored.entries.push({
+              binding: entry.binding,
+              resource: resource.value
+            });
+            break;
+          }
+          case "buffer": {
+            const { buffer, offset, size } = resource.value;
+            const rawBuf = BUFFER_RAW_MAP.get(buffer) ?? buffer;
+            const bufferBinding = { buffer: rawBuf };
+            if (offset !== void 0) bufferBinding.offset = offset;
+            if (size !== void 0) bufferBinding.size = size;
+            mirrored.entries.push({ binding: entry.binding, resource: bufferBinding });
+            break;
+          }
+          case "textureView": {
+            mirrored.entries.push({
+              binding: entry.binding,
+              resource: resource.value
+            });
+            break;
+          }
+          case "externalTexture": {
+            mirrored.entries.push({
+              binding: entry.binding,
+              resource: resource.value
+            });
+            break;
+          }
+          default: {
+            throw new Error(`rhi-webgpu: unreachable RhiBindingResource kind in createBindGroup`);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      const out = rawDevice.createBindGroup(mirrored);
+      return ok(out);
+    },
+    createPipelineLayout(desc) {
+      const out = rawDevice.createPipelineLayout(
+        mirror(desc, PL_KEYS)
+      );
+      return ok(out);
+    },
+    createRenderPipeline(desc) {
+      try {
+        const out = rawDevice.createRenderPipeline(mirrorRenderPipelineDescriptor(desc));
+        return ok(out);
+      } catch (e) {
+        const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+        if (/compile|shader|wgsl/i.test(message)) {
+          return err(
+            new RhiError({
+              code: "shader-compile-failed",
+              expected: "render shader modules + entry points to be valid",
+              hint: `compile error: ${message}`
+            })
+          );
+        }
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "underlying GPUDevice.createRenderPipeline to succeed",
+            hint: `createRenderPipeline raised: ${message}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+    },
+    createComputePipeline(desc) {
+      if (caps.compute === false) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "feature-not-enabled",
+            expected: "caps.compute === true",
+            hint: "check device.caps.compute before calling createComputePipeline"
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      try {
+        const out = rawDevice.createComputePipeline(
+          mirror(desc, CP_KEYS)
+        );
+        return ok(out);
+      } catch (e) {
+        const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+        if (/compile|shader|wgsl/i.test(message)) {
+          return err(
+            new RhiError({
+              code: "shader-compile-failed",
+              expected: "compute shader module + entry point to be valid",
+              hint: `compile error: ${message}`
+            })
+          );
+        }
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "underlying GPUDevice.createComputePipeline to succeed",
+            hint: `createComputePipeline raised: ${message}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+    },
+    createQuerySet(desc) {
+      const count = desc.count;
+      if (typeof count === "number" && count > QUERY_SET_COUNT_LIMIT) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "limit-exceeded",
+            expected: "count <= 4096 (spec normative)",
+            hint: "create multiple QuerySet instances if more than 4096 queries needed"
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      if (desc.type === "timestamp" && caps.timestampQuery !== true) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "feature-not-enabled",
+            expected: "caps.timestampQuery === true (timestamp-query feature)",
+            hint: "request the timestamp-query feature at requestDevice and check device.caps.timestampQuery before creating timestamp QuerySets"
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      try {
+        const out = rawDevice.createQuerySet(
+          mirror(desc, QS_KEYS)
+        );
+        const handle = out;
+        QUERY_SET_RAW_MAP.set(handle, out);
+        QUERY_SET_DESTROYED_MAP.set(handle, { destroyed: false });
+        return ok(handle);
+      } catch (e) {
+        const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "underlying GPUDevice.createQuerySet to succeed",
+            hint: `createQuerySet raised: ${message}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+    },
+    destroyQuerySet(querySet) {
+      const marker = QUERY_SET_DESTROYED_MAP.get(querySet);
+      if (marker?.destroyed) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "destroy-after-destroy",
+            expected: "GPU query-set handle has not been destroyed yet",
+            hint: "object already destroyed; release each timestamp QuerySet exactly once"
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      const rawQuery = QUERY_SET_RAW_MAP.get(querySet);
+      try {
+        if (rawQuery !== void 0 && typeof rawQuery.destroy === "function") rawQuery.destroy();
+      } catch (e) {
+        const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "underlying GPUQuerySet.destroy() to succeed",
+            hint: `destroy raised: ${message}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      if (marker !== void 0) marker.destroyed = true;
+      return ok(void 0);
+    },
+    createCommandEncoder(desc) {
+      const rawEnc = desc === void 0 ? rawDevice.createCommandEncoder() : rawDevice.createCommandEncoder(
+        mirror(desc, ENC_KEYS)
+      );
+      const fireFeatureNotEnabled = (featureName, hint) => {
+        console.error(
+          `[RhiError feature-not-enabled] expected: device.features.has('${featureName}') === true; hint: ${hint}`
+        );
+      };
+      return ok(makeCommandEncoder(rawEnc, caps, fireFeatureNotEnabled));
+    }
+    // fix-f3: synchronous createShaderModule placeholder removed; the
+    // shader-compile-failed path lives in the top-level async factory
+    // (see ../index.ts).
+  };
+  RAW_DEVICE_MAP.set(device, rawDevice);
+  return { device, raw: rawDevice };
+}
+var SUPPORTED_CONTEXT_FORMATS = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([
+  "bgra8unorm",
+  "rgba8unorm",
+  "rgba16float"
+]);
+var CANVAS_CONFIG_KEYS = [
+  "device",
+  "format",
+  "usage",
+  "viewFormats",
+  "colorSpace",
+  "toneMapping",
+  "alphaMode"
+];
+function makeCanvasContext(rawContext) {
+  return {
+    configure(desc) {
+      const fmt = desc.format;
+      if (typeof fmt === "string" && !SUPPORTED_CONTEXT_FORMATS.has(fmt)) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "one of bgra8unorm/rgba8unorm/rgba16float",
+            hint: `got format='${fmt}'; canvas configuration cannot use srgb formats \u2014 use the non-srgb form (e.g. 'bgra8unorm') and put the srgb format in viewFormats, then createView with the srgb format`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      try {
+        const mirrored = mirror(
+          desc,
+          CANVAS_CONFIG_KEYS
+        );
+        if ("device" in mirrored) {
+          const forgeaxDevice = desc.device;
+          const rawDev = RAW_DEVICE_MAP.get(forgeaxDevice);
+          if (rawDev === void 0) {
+            return err(
+              new RhiError({
+                code: "rhi-not-available",
+                expected: "CanvasConfiguration.device must be a RhiDevice produced by rhi.requestAdapter().requestDevice() (or the deprecated rhi.requestDevice factory)",
+                hint: "pass the device returned by the forgeax rhi.requestAdapter() / rhi.requestDevice() entries; passing a foreign RhiDevice or a raw GPUDevice is rejected because the canvas-context spec requires the same raw GPUDevice that the forgeax shim wraps"
+              })
+            );
+          }
+          mirrored.device = rawDev;
+        }
+        rawContext.configure(mirrored);
+        return ok(void 0);
+      } catch (e) {
+        const msg = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+        if (e instanceof Error && (e.name === "InvalidStateError" || /lost|destroyed/i.test(msg))) {
+          return err(
+            new RhiError({
+              code: "rhi-not-available",
+              expected: "CanvasConfiguration.device must be valid (not lost / destroyed)",
+              hint: `configure raised: ${msg}`
+            })
+          );
+        }
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "underlying GPUCanvasContext.configure to succeed",
+            hint: `configure raised: ${msg}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+    },
+    unconfigure() {
+      rawContext.unconfigure();
+    },
+    getConfiguration() {
+      const conf = rawContext.getConfiguration();
+      if (conf === null) return void 0;
+      const out = {};
+      for (const k of CANVAS_CONFIG_KEYS) {
+        if (k in conf) {
+          out[k] = conf[k];
+        }
+      }
+      return out;
+    },
+    getCurrentTexture() {
+      try {
+        const rawTex = rawContext.getCurrentTexture();
+        return ok(rawTex);
+      } catch (e) {
+        const msg = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+            expected: "GPUCanvasContext.getCurrentTexture to succeed (context configured)",
+            hint: `getCurrentTexture raised: ${msg}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}
+function translateErrorEventToRhiError(event) {
+  if (typeof event === "object" && event !== null && "reason" in event && typeof event.reason === "string") {
+    const info = event;
+    return err(
+      new RhiError({
+        code: "device-lost",
+        expected: "device must remain alive (driver / browser must not destroy the GPUDevice)",
+        hint: `device-lost reason: ${info.reason}; message: ${info.message ?? "<empty>"}`
+      })
+    );
+  }
+  if (typeof event === "object" && event !== null && "error" in event && typeof event.error === "object" && event.error !== null) {
+    const error = event.error;
+    const message = typeof error.message === "string" ? error.message : "<no message>";
+    if (error.constructor.name === "GPUOutOfMemoryError") {
+      return err(
+        new RhiError({
+          code: "oom",
+          expected: "sufficient GPU memory to satisfy the allocation",
+          hint: `GPU out-of-memory: ${message}`
+        })
+      );
+    }
+    if (error.constructor.name === "GPUInternalError") {
+      return err(
+        new RhiError({
+          code: "internal-error",
+          expected: "driver / browser must report a recognised validation error",
+          hint: `GPU internal error: ${message}`
+        })
+      );
+    }
+    if (error.constructor.name === "GPUValidationError") {
+      if (/shader|compile|wgsl/i.test(message)) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "shader-compile-failed",
+            expected: "valid WGSL source + matching pipeline layout",
+            hint: `GPU validation: ${message}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      if (/size|alignment|out of bounds/i.test(message)) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "queue-write-buffer-out-of-bounds",
+            expected: "writeBuffer offset + data.byteLength must be within buffer.size",
+            hint: `GPU validation: ${message}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      if (/encoder.*finished|finished encoder/i.test(message)) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "command-encoder-finished",
+            expected: "command encoder must not be finished before recording new commands",
+            hint: `GPU validation: ${message}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      if (/render pass.*not ended|pass.*not ended/i.test(message)) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "render-pass-not-ended",
+            expected: "previous render pass must be ended before beginning a new pass",
+            hint: `GPU validation: ${message}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      if (/submit/i.test(message)) {
+        return err(
+          new RhiError({
+            code: "queue-submit-failed",
+            expected: "command buffer references must be valid at submit time",
+            hint: `GPU validation: ${message}`
+          })
+        );
+      }
+      return err(
+        new RhiError({
+          code: "limit-exceeded",
+          expected: "descriptor field values within device limits",
+          hint: `GPU validation: ${message}`
+        })
+      );
+    }
+  }
+  const repr = typeof event === "object" && event !== null && "toString" in event ? String(event) : "<unknown>";
+  return err(
+    new RhiError({
+      code: "webgpu-runtime-error",
+      expected: "spec-recognised GPUUncapturedErrorEvent or GPUDeviceLostInfo",
+      hint: `unrecognised async-dispatch event: ${repr}`
+    })
+  );
+}
+
+// src/index.ts
+function classifyRequestDeviceError(e) {
+  const msg = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+  if (/feature/i.test(msg)) return featureNotEnabled();
+  if (/limit/i.test(msg)) return limitExceeded();
+  return featureNotEnabled();
+}
+async function requestDevice(opts = {}) {
+  const injected = opts.gpu;
+  const ambient = typeof globalThis !== "undefined" ? globalThis.navigator?.gpu : void 0;
+  const gpu = injected ?? ambient;
+  if (gpu === void 0 || gpu === null) {
+    return adapterUnavailable();
+  }
+  const adapter = await gpu.requestAdapter(opts.adapterOptions);
+  if (adapter === null) {
+    return adapterUnavailable();
+  }
+  let rawDevice;
+  try {
+    rawDevice = await adapter.requestDevice(opts.deviceDescriptor);
+  } catch (e) {
+    return classifyRequestDeviceError(e);
+  }
+  const { device } = makeRhiDevice(rawDevice);
+  return ok(device);
+}
+async function createShaderModule(device, desc) {
+  const rawDevice = _internal_getRawDevice(device);
+  if (rawDevice === void 0) {
+    return shaderCompileFailed([
+      {
+        type: "error",
+        message: "rhi-webgpu: createShaderModule called with unregistered RhiDevice",
+        lineNum: 0,
+        linePos: 0,
+        offset: 0,
+        length: 0
+      }
+    ]);
+  }
+  const mirrored = { code: desc.code };
+  if ("label" in desc && desc.label !== void 0) mirrored.label = desc.label;
+  let handle;
+  try {
+    handle = rawDevice.createShaderModule(mirrored);
+  } catch (e) {
+    const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+    return shaderCompileFailed([
+      {
+        type: "error",
+        message,
+        lineNum: 0,
+        linePos: 0,
+        offset: 0,
+        length: 0
+      }
+    ]);
+  }
+  const handleWithInfo = handle;
+  if (typeof handleWithInfo.getCompilationInfo !== "function") {
+    return ok(handle);
+  }
+  let info;
+  try {
+    info = await handleWithInfo.getCompilationInfo();
+  } catch {
+    return ok(handle);
+  }
+  const errors = info.messages.filter((m) => m.type === "error");
+  if (errors.length > 0) {
+    return shaderCompileFailed(info.messages);
+  }
+  return ok(handle);
+}
+function makeRhiAdapter(rawAdapter) {
+  const rawFeatures = rawAdapter.features;
+  const features = rawFeatures !== void 0 && rawFeatures !== null ? new Set(rawFeatures) : /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+  const limitsRaw = rawAdapter.limits ?? {};
+  const limits = {};
+  for (const key in limitsRaw) {
+    const v = limitsRaw[key];
+    if (typeof v === "number") {
+      limits[key] = v;
+    }
+  }
+  return {
+    features,
+    limits,
+    async requestDevice(opts) {
+      let rawDevice;
+      try {
+        rawDevice = await rawAdapter.requestDevice(
+          opts
+        );
+      } catch (e) {
+        return classifyRequestDeviceError(e);
+      }
+      const { device } = makeRhiDevice(rawDevice);
+      return ok(device);
+    }
+  };
+}
+async function requestAdapter(opts, _compatibleSurface) {
+  const ambient = typeof globalThis !== "undefined" ? globalThis.navigator?.gpu : void 0;
+  if (ambient === void 0 || ambient === null) {
+    return adapterUnavailable();
+  }
+  let adapter;
+  try {
+    adapter = await ambient.requestAdapter(opts);
+  } catch (cause) {
+    return requestAdapterFailed(cause);
+  }
+  if (adapter === null) {
+    return adapterUnavailable();
+  }
+  return ok(
+    makeRhiAdapter(
+      adapter
+    )
+  );
+}
+function acquireCanvasContext(canvas) {
+  let rawContext;
+  try {
+    rawContext = canvas.getContext("webgpu");
+  } catch {
+    rawContext = null;
+  }
+  if (rawContext === null) {
+    return err(
+      new RhiError({
+        code: "rhi-not-available",
+        expected: 'canvas.getContext("webgpu") to return a non-null GPUCanvasContext',
+        hint: 'canvas does not support WebGPU \u2014 pass an HTMLCanvasElement (or OffscreenCanvas) whose getContext("webgpu") returns a valid GPUCanvasContext'
+      })
+    );
+  }
+  return ok(makeCanvasContext(rawContext));
+}
+var rhi = {
+  requestAdapter,
+  createShaderModule,
+  acquireCanvasContext
+};
+
+export { _internal_getRawDevice, acquireCanvasContext, createShaderModule, requestAdapter, requestDevice, rhi, translateErrorEventToRhiError };
+//# sourceMappingURL=index.mjs.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=index.mjs.map