@forgeax/engine-render-graph 0.1.2

package/src/graph.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1270 @@
+// @forgeax/engine-render-graph/src/graph.ts — RenderGraph core primitives.
+//
+// Shape (plan-strategy D-1/D-4/D-5/D-6.1):
+// - ResourceDescriptor / PassDescriptor — declaration types
+// - RenderGraph — main class: addResource / addPass / compile / execute
+// - PassInfo / ResourceInfo — query interfaces (D-5)
+
+import type {
+  RhiCaps,
+  ComputePassDescriptor as RhiComputePassDescriptor,
+  RhiComputePassEncoder,
+  RhiDevice,
+  Texture,
+  TextureFormat,
+  TextureView,
+} from '@forgeax/engine-rhi';
+import {
+  type AliasSourceDetail,
+  type CapMissingDetail,
+  type DanglingReadDetail,
+  err,
+  ok,
+  RenderGraphError,
+  type Result,
+} from './errors.js';
+import {
+  type CurrentFrameObservationDescriptor,
+  type CurrentFrameObservationLease,
+  createCurrentFrameObservationLease,
+} from './observation.js';
+import type { PassEntry } from './pass-registry.js';
+import { PassRegistry } from './pass-registry.js';
+import {
+  type ColorDomainConnection,
+  type ColorValueDomain,
+  validateColorDomainConnection,
+} from './pipeline/color-value-domain.js';
+import type { ResourceEntry } from './resource-registry.js';
+import { ResourceRegistry } from './resource-registry.js';
+import type { GraphResourceKind } from './types.js';
+
+// ── Declaration types ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export type ResourceKind = GraphResourceKind;
+
+export type ResourceLifetime = 'transient' | 'persistent';
+
+export type BufferRole = 'auto-storage-or-uniform' | 'uniform';
+
+/**
+ * Three-state size for addColorTarget (D-8):
+ * - 'swapchain' — matches the output canvas size
+ * - 'half-swapchain' — 1/2 the output canvas size (bloom downscale)
+ * - { w, h } — fixed pixel dimensions (shadow maps, etc.)
+ */
+export type ColorTargetSize =
+  | 'swapchain'
+  | 'half-swapchain'
+  | { readonly w: number; readonly h: number };
+
+/**
+ * Color target descriptor for addColorTarget (D-8).
+ *
+ * format: GPU texture format (e.g. 'rgba16float', 'bgra8unorm').
+ * size: target dimensions relative to swap-chain or absolute.
+ * lifetime: allocation lifetime (default 'transient'); persistent targets keep
+ * their physical texture across unchanged compiles and replace it on descriptor drift.
+ * sample: multisample count (default 1; MSAA count=4 via #301).
+ * usage: GPU texture usage flags (default RENDER_ATTACHMENT | TEXTURE_BINDING).
+ * viewFormats: extra GPU texture formats viewable via createTextureView from this
+ *   texture; mirrors GPUTextureDescriptor.viewFormats. The LDR MSAA path needs
+ *   `bgra8unorm` storage + `bgra8unorm-srgb` view (hardware sRGB encoding on
+ *   store), so the consumer pre-declares the alternate format here.
+ */
+export interface ColorTargetDescriptor {
+  readonly format: string;
+  readonly size: ColorTargetSize;
+  readonly lifetime?: ResourceLifetime | undefined;
+  readonly sample?: number | undefined;
+  readonly usage?: number | undefined;
+  readonly viewFormats?: readonly string[] | undefined;
+  /** Semantic color domain. Omitted only for legacy graphs without domain connections. */
+  readonly domain?: ColorValueDomain | undefined;
+}
+
+export interface ResolvedColorTargetDescriptor {
+  readonly texture: Texture;
+  readonly format: string;
+  readonly size: { readonly width: number; readonly height: number };
+  readonly usage: number;
+  readonly sample: number;
+}
+
+export interface ResourceDescriptor {
+  readonly kind: ResourceKind;
+  readonly lifetime: ResourceLifetime;
+  readonly bufferRole?: BufferRole;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Opaque handle returned by addColorTarget. Resolved to a TextureView after
+ * compile by calling resolve(name) in a pass execute closure.
+ */
+export type ColorTargetHandle = string;
+
+/**
+ * Per-pass resolve context: maps color target names to compiled TextureViews.
+ * A pass execute closure receives this alongside the user-provided Ctx.
+ */
+export interface ResolveContext {
+  /** Resolve a color target name to its compiled TextureView, or undefined if not compiled. */
+  readonly resolve: (name: string) => unknown;
+}
+
+export interface PassDescriptor<Ctx = unknown> {
+  readonly reads: readonly string[];
+  readonly writes: readonly string[];
+  readonly execute?: ((ctx: Ctx) => void) | ((ctx: Ctx, resolve: ResolveContext) => void);
+  readonly compute?: boolean;
+  readonly storageBuffer?: boolean;
+  /** Explicit resource-to-resource color-domain edges validated at compile time. */
+  readonly colorConnections?: readonly ColorDomainConnection[] | undefined;
+}
+
+export interface ComputePassDescriptor<Ctx> {
+  readonly reads: readonly string[];
+  readonly writes: readonly string[];
+  readonly storageBuffer?: boolean | undefined;
+  readonly begin?: ((frame: Ctx) => RhiComputePassDescriptor) | undefined;
+  readonly onBeginError?: ((frame: Ctx, cause: unknown) => void) | undefined;
+  readonly after?: ((frame: Ctx) => void) | undefined;
+  encode(context: {
+    readonly pass: RhiComputePassEncoder;
+    readonly frame: Ctx;
+    readonly resources: ResolveContext;
+  }): void;
+}
+
+/** Optional nested observer for per-pass execution attribution. */
+export type PassExecuteRunner = (passName: string, action: () => void) => void;
+
+// ── Query types (D-5) ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export interface PassInfo {
+  readonly name: string;
+  readonly reads: readonly string[];
+  readonly writes: readonly string[];
+}
+
+export interface ResourceInfo {
+  readonly key: string;
+  readonly kind: ResourceKind;
+  readonly lifetime: ResourceLifetime;
+}
+
+// ── Internalized graph ───────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export interface InternalizedPass {
+  readonly name: string;
+  readonly reads: readonly string[];
+  readonly writes: readonly string[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * RHI buffer binding type a buffer resource resolves to after compile.
+ * Mirrors the `@webgpu/types` GPUBufferBindingType subset used by the
+ * storage-vs-uniform cap switch (research Finding 7; runtime template
+ * `pbr-pipeline.ts` `caps.storageBuffer ? 'read-only-storage' : 'uniform'`).
+ */
+export type ResolvedBufferType = 'read-only-storage' | 'uniform';
+
+/**
+ * Resolved buffer binding for a registered `kind:'buffer'` resource.
+ * Produced by compile() per AC-09 / D-6.1: the declarative graph picks the
+ * concrete binding type from `caps.storageBuffer`, so a consumer building a
+ * bind-group layout reads `resolvedBufferType` instead of duplicating the
+ * cap switch.
+ */
+export interface ResolvedBuffer {
+  readonly key: string;
+  readonly resolvedBufferType: ResolvedBufferType;
+}
+
+export interface InternalizedGraph {
+  readonly passes: readonly InternalizedPass[];
+  /**
+   * Buffer resources resolved to a concrete RHI binding type (AC-09).
+   * Empty when the graph declares no `kind:'buffer'` resources.
+   */
+  readonly resolvedBuffers: readonly ResolvedBuffer[];
+  /**
+   * Resolved TextureViews keyed by resource name.
+   * Populated by the compile allocation phase for addColorTarget resources.
+   * Empty when no color targets were declared.
+   */
+  readonly resolvedTextures: ReadonlyMap<string, TextureView>;
+}
+
+// ── Compile options ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export interface CompileOptions {
+  // D-6: second independent literal union (NOT derived from RhiCaps['backendKind']);
+  // add-only '|null' member so passthrough callers forwarding
+  // device.caps.backendKind type-check. Deriving from RhiCaps to collapse the
+  // duplicate is a known OOS follow-on (architecture-principles #2 Derive).
+  readonly backendKind: 'webgpu' | 'wgpu-native' | 'wgpu-webgl2' | 'null';
+  readonly caps: RhiCaps;
+  /**
+   * RHI device interface handle for real GPU texture allocation (D-1).
+   * Required when the graph has addColorTarget resources; the compile phase
+   * calls device.createTexture/createTextureView for each color target.
+   */
+  readonly device?: RhiDevice | undefined;
+}
+
+// ── RenderGraph ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Descriptor key for texture pool lookups (D-2 / D-8 / KB-2).
+ * Transient resources with identical descriptors share the same physical
+ * texture; drift in any field triggers rebuild.
+ * NOTE: stringified form is used as Map key; the interface is for doc only.
+ */
+// interface _TexturePoolKey { format:string; width:number; height:number; usage:number; sample:number; viewFormats:string[]; }
+
+/** Pooled texture entry shared by transient and persistent allocation paths. */
+interface PooledTexture {
+  readonly texture: unknown; // opaque RHI Texture handle
+  readonly view: unknown; // opaque RHI TextureView handle
+  readonly descriptorKey: string;
+}
+
+interface StagedColorTargetAllocation {
+  readonly resolvedTextures: Map<string, TextureView>;
+  readonly transient: ReadonlyMap<string, PooledTexture>;
+  readonly persistent: ReadonlyMap<string, PooledTexture>;
+}
+
+/** A subset of RhiDevice surface needed by drain() and reclaim to release pooled textures. */
+type DrainDevice = Pick<RhiDevice, 'destroyTexture' | 'queue'>;
+
+function poolKey(meta: {
+  format: string;
+  width: number;
+  height: number;
+  usage: number;
+  sample: number;
+  viewFormats: readonly string[];
+}): string {
+  return `${meta.format}:${meta.width}x${meta.height}:${meta.usage}:${meta.sample}:${JSON.stringify(meta.viewFormats)}`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Runtime projection of the type-only WebGPU GPUTextureFormat union.
+ *
+ * `TextureFormat` is erased at runtime, but RenderGraph must reject malformed
+ * declarations before it calls an RHI device. Keep this ordered vocabulary as
+ * the single runtime validation authority; backend capability or usage refusal
+ * remains a `resource-alloc-failed` result after this syntax gate.
+ */
+const VALID_GPU_TEXTURE_FORMATS = [
+  'r8unorm',
+  'r8snorm',
+  'r8uint',
+  'r8sint',
+  'r16unorm',
+  'r16snorm',
+  'r16uint',
+  'r16sint',
+  'r16float',
+  'rg8unorm',
+  'rg8snorm',
+  'rg8uint',
+  'rg8sint',
+  'r32uint',
+  'r32sint',
+  'r32float',
+  'rg16unorm',
+  'rg16snorm',
+  'rg16uint',
+  'rg16sint',
+  'rg16float',
+  'rgba8unorm',
+  'rgba8unorm-srgb',
+  'rgba8snorm',
+  'rgba8uint',
+  'rgba8sint',
+  'bgra8unorm',
+  'bgra8unorm-srgb',
+  'rgb9e5ufloat',
+  'rgb10a2uint',
+  'rgb10a2unorm',
+  'rg11b10ufloat',
+  'rg32uint',
+  'rg32sint',
+  'rg32float',
+  'rgba16unorm',
+  'rgba16snorm',
+  'rgba16uint',
+  'rgba16sint',
+  'rgba16float',
+  'rgba32uint',
+  'rgba32sint',
+  'rgba32float',
+  'stencil8',
+  'depth16unorm',
+  'depth24plus',
+  'depth24plus-stencil8',
+  'depth32float',
+  'depth32float-stencil8',
+  'bc1-rgba-unorm',
+  'bc1-rgba-unorm-srgb',
+  'bc2-rgba-unorm',
+  'bc2-rgba-unorm-srgb',
+  'bc3-rgba-unorm',
+  'bc3-rgba-unorm-srgb',
+  'bc4-r-unorm',
+  'bc4-r-snorm',
+  'bc5-rg-unorm',
+  'bc5-rg-snorm',
+  'bc6h-rgb-ufloat',
+  'bc6h-rgb-float',
+  'bc7-rgba-unorm',
+  'bc7-rgba-unorm-srgb',
+  'etc2-rgb8unorm',
+  'etc2-rgb8unorm-srgb',
+  'etc2-rgb8a1unorm',
+  'etc2-rgb8a1unorm-srgb',
+  'etc2-rgba8unorm',
+  'etc2-rgba8unorm-srgb',
+  'eac-r11unorm',
+  'eac-r11snorm',
+  'eac-rg11unorm',
+  'eac-rg11snorm',
+  'astc-4x4-unorm',
+  'astc-4x4-unorm-srgb',
+  'astc-5x4-unorm',
+  'astc-5x4-unorm-srgb',
+  'astc-5x5-unorm',
+  'astc-5x5-unorm-srgb',
+  'astc-6x5-unorm',
+  'astc-6x5-unorm-srgb',
+  'astc-6x6-unorm',
+  'astc-6x6-unorm-srgb',
+  'astc-8x5-unorm',
+  'astc-8x5-unorm-srgb',
+  'astc-8x6-unorm',
+  'astc-8x6-unorm-srgb',
+  'astc-8x8-unorm',
+  'astc-8x8-unorm-srgb',
+  'astc-10x5-unorm',
+  'astc-10x5-unorm-srgb',
+  'astc-10x6-unorm',
+  'astc-10x6-unorm-srgb',
+  'astc-10x8-unorm',
+  'astc-10x8-unorm-srgb',
+  'astc-10x10-unorm',
+  'astc-10x10-unorm-srgb',
+  'astc-12x10-unorm',
+  'astc-12x10-unorm-srgb',
+  'astc-12x12-unorm',
+  'astc-12x12-unorm-srgb',
+] as const satisfies readonly TextureFormat[];
+
+const VALID_GPU_TEXTURE_FORMAT_SET: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(VALID_GPU_TEXTURE_FORMATS);
+
+export class RenderGraph<Ctx = unknown> {
+  private readonly resources = new ResourceRegistry();
+  private readonly passes = new PassRegistry<Ctx>();
+  private compiled: InternalizedGraph | null = null;
+
+  /** Transient texture pool: keyed by descriptor, reused across compiles (D-2). */
+  private readonly transientPool = new Map<string, PooledTexture>();
+  /**
+   * Pending-destroy queue (bug-20260622): replaced textures awaiting GPU
+   * retirement before actual device.destroyTexture. drainTransient(),
+   * setTransientEntry(), and setPersistentEntry() push here instead of destroying immediately;
+   * reclaimRetiredTransients() (called post-queue.submit in recordFrame) drains
+   * the queue when the GPU signals onSubmittedWorkDone.
+   */
+  private readonly pendingDestroy: PooledTexture[] = [];
+  /** Persistent textures: keyed by resource name, kept across compiles. */
+  private readonly persistentTextures = new Map<string, PooledTexture>();
+  /** Swap-chain size for resolving 'swapchain' / 'half-swapchain' sizes. */
+  private swapChainWidth = 800;
+  private swapChainHeight = 600;
+  /** Last compile-time swap-chain size; diff triggers recompile-invalidation. */
+  private compiledWidth = 800;
+  private compiledHeight = 600;
+  /**
+   * feat-20260612 M-4 / w15: device reference stashed at compile-time so
+   * drain() can release pooled textures via device.destroyTexture without
+   * a separate parameter. Set by compile(); null until the first compile.
+   * Render-graph stays RHI-pure (no runtime dep): the destroy bookkeeping
+   * SSOT is the RHI shim, exactly as GpuTexture.destroy() routes through it.
+   */
+  private lastDevice: DrainDevice | null = null;
+
+  /**
+   * Set the current swap-chain dimensions (w7).
+   * The compile allocation phase uses this to resolve 'swapchain' and
+   * 'half-swapchain' size specifiers. Returns true when dimensions differ
+   * from the last compile, signalling that a recompile is needed.
+   */
+  setSwapChainSize(width: number, height: number): boolean {
+    this.swapChainWidth = width;
+    this.swapChainHeight = height;
+    if (width !== this.compiledWidth || height !== this.compiledHeight) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * w7: resolve a color-target name to its compiled TextureView.
+   * Returns the GPU view after compile, or undefined if not yet compiled
+   * or the name was not registered via addColorTarget.
+   */
+  getColorTargetView(name: string): unknown {
+    return this.compiled?.resolvedTextures.get(name);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * w7: resolve a color-target name to its compiled GPU Texture handle.
+   * Returns the texture after compile, or undefined if not yet compiled.
+   */
+  getColorTargetTexture(name: string): unknown {
+    return this.compiled?.resolvedTextures.get(`${name}::tex`);
+  }
+
+  getColorTargetDescriptor(name: string): ResolvedColorTargetDescriptor | undefined {
+    const meta = this.resources.getColorTargetMeta(name);
+    const texture = this.compiled?.resolvedTextures.get(`${name}::tex`);
+    if (meta === undefined || texture === undefined) return undefined;
+    return {
+      texture: texture as unknown as Texture,
+      format: meta.format,
+      size: {
+        width: this.resolveWidth(meta.size),
+        height: this.resolveHeight(meta.size),
+      },
+      usage: meta.usage,
+      sample: meta.sample,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Declare a color target alias: both names share the same physical texture.
+   * The source must already be registered via addColorTarget.
+   * Used for hdrComposited -> hdrColor folding (KB-1 / D-2). The returned
+   * Result contains the opaque alias handle or a duplicate-resource error.
+   */
+  addColorTargetAlias(name: string, source: string): Result<ColorTargetHandle, RenderGraphError> {
+    const result = this.resources.addColorTargetAlias(name, source);
+    if (!result.ok) return result;
+    return ok(name);
+  }
+
+  addResource(
+    key: string,
+    descriptor: ResourceDescriptor,
+  ): Result<ResourceEntry, RenderGraphError> {
+    return this.resources.add(key, descriptor);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Declare a color target resource that the compiler will allocate as a
+   * transient or persistent GPU texture (D-1 / D-8). A successful Result
+   * contains an opaque string handle that can be referenced in pass read/write
+   * arrays and resolved to a TextureView via resolve(name) inside a pass
+   * execute closure. A duplicate key is rejected before registry publication.
+   *
+   * Omitted lifetime preserves the default `transient`; `persistent` retains
+   * identity across unchanged compiles and replaces on descriptor drift.
+   * format/size/sample/usage are stored on the resource entry for the compile
+   * allocation phase (w6).
+   */
+  addColorTarget(
+    name: string,
+    desc: ColorTargetDescriptor,
+  ): Result<ColorTargetHandle, RenderGraphError> {
+    const result = this.resources.addColorTarget(name, desc);
+    if (!result.ok) return result;
+    return ok(name);
+  }
+
+  addPass(name: string, descriptor: PassDescriptor<Ctx>): PassEntry<Ctx> {
+    return this.passes.add(name, descriptor);
+  }
+
+  /** @internal Renderer composition seam for declaring feature work at its semantic target. */
+  _addPassBefore(name: string, before: string, descriptor: PassDescriptor<Ctx>): PassEntry<Ctx> {
+    return this.passes.add(name, descriptor, before);
+  }
+
+  addComputePass(name: string, descriptor: ComputePassDescriptor<Ctx>): PassEntry<Ctx> {
+    return this.addComputePassAt(name, descriptor);
+  }
+
+  /** @internal Renderer composition seam for declaring feature work at its semantic target. */
+  _addComputePassBefore(
+    name: string,
+    before: string,
+    descriptor: ComputePassDescriptor<Ctx>,
+  ): PassEntry<Ctx> {
+    return this.addComputePassAt(name, descriptor, before);
+  }
+
+  private addComputePassAt(
+    name: string,
+    descriptor: ComputePassDescriptor<Ctx>,
+    before?: string,
+  ): PassEntry<Ctx> {
+    return this.passes.add(
+      name,
+      {
+        reads: descriptor.reads,
+        writes: descriptor.writes,
+        compute: true,
+        storageBuffer: descriptor.storageBuffer ?? true,
+        execute: (frame: Ctx, resources: ResolveContext) => {
+          const encoder = (
+            frame as Ctx & { readonly encoder: import('@forgeax/engine-rhi').RhiCommandEncoder }
+          ).encoder;
+          const begin = descriptor.begin?.(frame);
+          let pass: RhiComputePassEncoder;
+          try {
+            pass = encoder.beginComputePass({
+              label: name,
+              ...(begin?.timestampWrites === undefined
+                ? {}
+                : { timestampWrites: begin.timestampWrites }),
+            });
+          } catch (cause) {
+            descriptor.onBeginError?.(frame, cause);
+            return;
+          }
+          try {
+            descriptor.encode({ pass, frame, resources });
+          } finally {
+            pass.end();
+          }
+          descriptor.after?.(frame);
+        },
+      },
+      before,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Validate a producer-scoped current-frame texture without exposing graph
+   * resource names through the observation lease.
+   */
+  createCurrentFrameObservationLease(
+    descriptor: CurrentFrameObservationDescriptor,
+    currentFrameId: number,
+  ): Result<CurrentFrameObservationLease, RenderGraphError> {
+    return createCurrentFrameObservationLease(descriptor, currentFrameId);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compile the graph into an internalized form.
+   *
+   * Phases (plan-strategy 3.1):
+   * 1. Cap-gate fail-fast
+   * 2. Unknown-resource fail-fast (every pass read/write key is registered)
+   * 3. Dangling-read fail-fast
+   * 4. Preserve declaration order as the temporal authority
+   * 5. Buffer-role resolution (AC-09 / D-6.1)
+   * 6. GPU allocation for color targets (D-1) — when device is provided and the
+   *    graph has addColorTarget resources, allocate textures via
+   *    device.createTexture/createTextureView. Errors surface as
+   *    'resource-alloc-failed' or 'invalid-format'.
+   */
+  compile(opts: CompileOptions): Result<InternalizedGraph, RenderGraphError> {
+    const passList = this.passes.list();
+    const { caps, device } = opts;
+
+    const capErr = this.validateCaps(passList, caps);
+    if (capErr) return capErr;
+
+    const colorDomainErr = this.validateColorDomains(passList);
+    if (colorDomainErr) return colorDomainErr;
+
+    const unknownErr = this.validateNoUnknownResource(passList);
+    if (unknownErr) return unknownErr;
+
+    const danglingErr = this.validateNoDanglingRead(passList);
+    if (danglingErr) return danglingErr;
+
+    const formatErr = this.validateColorTargetFormats();
+    if (!formatErr.ok) return formatErr;
+
+    const internalizedPasses: InternalizedPass[] = passList.map((pass) => {
+      return {
+        name: pass.name,
+        reads: pass.descriptor.reads,
+        writes: pass.descriptor.writes,
+      };
+    });
+
+    const resolvedBuffers = this.resolveBuffers(caps);
+
+    // Phase 7: GPU allocation for color targets (D-1).
+    const resizeDetected =
+      this.swapChainWidth !== this.compiledWidth || this.swapChainHeight !== this.compiledHeight;
+    const allocatedTextures = this.allocateColorTargets(device, resizeDetected);
+    if (!allocatedTextures.ok) return allocatedTextures;
+
+    // Phase 6.5: resize drain (AC-09, plan-strategy D-4). Defer the drain
+    // until allocation succeeds so a refused compile leaves the active graph
+    // and its pool untouched for a retry.
+    if (resizeDetected) {
+      this.drainTransient();
+    }
+
+    for (const [key, pooled] of allocatedTextures.value.transient) {
+      this.setTransientEntry(key, pooled);
+    }
+    for (const [key, pooled] of allocatedTextures.value.persistent) {
+      this.setPersistentEntry(key, pooled);
+    }
+
+    this.compiled = {
+      passes: internalizedPasses,
+      resolvedBuffers,
+      resolvedTextures: allocatedTextures.value.resolvedTextures,
+    };
+    this.compiledWidth = this.swapChainWidth;
+    this.compiledHeight = this.swapChainHeight;
+    if (device !== undefined) {
+      this.lastDevice = device;
+    }
+    return ok(this.compiled);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * feat-20260612 M-4 / w15: release every pooled GPU texture and clear
+   * the pools.
+   *
+   * Walks `transientPool` + `persistentTextures`, forwarding each
+   * `PooledTexture.texture` opaque handle to `device.destroyTexture(...)`,
+   * then clears both Maps. The destroy bookkeeping SSOT is the RHI shim
+   * (architecture-principles §1 SSOT: same path GpuTexture.destroy()
+   * uses); render-graph stays RHI-pure (no runtime dep).
+   *
+   * Plan-strategy D-7: drain covers the dispose exit path (`Renderer.dispose()`);
+   * descriptor-drift replacement during compile is fenced through
+   * `pendingDestroy` and `reclaimRetiredTransients()`.
+   *
+   * Idempotent (architecture-principles §6): a second drain on cleared
+   * Maps is a no-op. drain() before any compile is also a safe no-op.
+   * Per-handle errors from the RHI shim (e.g. 'destroy-after-destroy'
+   * on a stale handle) are tolerated so the dispose chain can make
+   * progress (mirrors gpuStore.destroyAll's swallow-and-continue
+   * policy; plan-strategy D-3 / D-8). The structured error stays
+   * available on the device handle for future inspector hooks.
+   */
+  drain(): void {
+    const device = this.lastDevice;
+    if (device === null) {
+      this.transientPool.clear();
+      this.persistentTextures.clear();
+      this.pendingDestroy.length = 0;
+      return;
+    }
+    for (const pooled of this.transientPool.values()) {
+      try {
+        device.destroyTexture(pooled.texture as Texture);
+      } catch {
+        // swallow-and-continue: per-handle destroy failures do not
+        // interrupt the drain chain (docstring tolerance contract).
+      }
+    }
+    this.transientPool.clear();
+    // bug-20260622 D-6: drain teardown path — destroy any pendingDestroy
+    // items left over (Renderer.dispose() has no in-flight frames).
+    for (const pooled of this.pendingDestroy) {
+      try {
+        device.destroyTexture(pooled.texture as Texture);
+      } catch {
+        // swallow-and-continue: per-handle destroy failures do not
+        // interrupt the drain chain (docstring tolerance contract).
+      }
+    }
+    this.pendingDestroy.length = 0;
+    for (const pooled of this.persistentTextures.values()) {
+      try {
+        device.destroyTexture(pooled.texture as Texture);
+      } catch {
+        // swallow-and-continue: per-handle destroy failures do not
+        // interrupt the drain chain (docstring tolerance contract).
+      }
+    }
+    this.persistentTextures.clear();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Relinquish every texture owned by this graph after its last frame has
+   * been submitted. Unlike {@link drain}, this does not synchronously destroy
+   * GPU resources: they join `pendingDestroy` and are released by
+   * `reclaimRetiredTransients()` only after `onSubmittedWorkDone` resolves.
+   *
+   * A retired graph is no longer executable. Runtime replaces a memoized
+   * per-frame graph through this entry when topology changes (rather than
+   * dropping the graph and its pools), while `drain()` remains the teardown
+   * path where immediate destruction is safe.
+   */
+  retire(): void {
+    const device = this.lastDevice;
+    if (device === null) {
+      this.transientPool.clear();
+      this.persistentTextures.clear();
+      this.pendingDestroy.length = 0;
+      this.compiled = null;
+      return;
+    }
+    for (const pooled of this.transientPool.values()) {
+      this.pendingDestroy.push(pooled);
+    }
+    this.transientPool.clear();
+    for (const pooled of this.persistentTextures.values()) {
+      this.pendingDestroy.push(pooled);
+    }
+    this.persistentTextures.clear();
+    this.compiled = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Release every transient-pool texture while keeping persistentTextures
+   * intact (AC-09: resize drain, plan-strategy D-4).
+   *
+   * Walks `transientPool` values and forwards each `PooledTexture.texture`
+   * opaque handle to `device.destroyTexture(...)`, then clears the transient
+   * pool. Mirror of `drain()` but scoped to the transient pool only.
+   *
+   * Persistent textures survive `drainTransient` — they are only released by
+   * the full `drain()` on teardown. `drainTransient` is an internal helper
+   * called by `compile()` when swap-chain size changes; it is NOT a public API
+   * (callers should use `drain()` for teardown).
+   *
+   * Idempotent (architecture-principles §6): a second drainTransient on an
+   * already-cleared transient pool is a no-op.
+   */
+  private drainTransient(): void {
+    const device = this.lastDevice;
+    if (device === null) {
+      this.transientPool.clear();
+      return;
+    }
+    // bug-20260622 D-1: push old transient textures into pendingDestroy
+    // queue instead of destroying immediately. The GPU may still hold
+    // references from a prior in-flight command buffer.
+    for (const pooled of this.transientPool.values()) {
+      this.pendingDestroy.push(pooled);
+    }
+    this.transientPool.clear();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Guarded transient pool insert (AC-08, plan-strategy D-4).
+   *
+   * Before overwriting a key in the transient pool, destroys the old pooled
+   * texture via `device.destroyTexture(...)` to prevent stranded GPU textures.
+   * The guard is defensive: in current production code flow this code path is
+   * unreachable (set() only follows a get() miss inside allocateColorTargets),
+   * but the single-line guard costs almost nothing and closes the symmetry gap
+   * (every GPU resource allocation has a paired destroy).
+   *
+   * When `lastDevice` is null (no device ever stashed), the old entry is
+   * silently dropped without destroy (mirrors drainTransient's null-device
+   * fast path).
+   */
+  private setTransientEntry(key: string, pooled: PooledTexture): void {
+    const old = this.transientPool.get(key);
+    if (old) {
+      // bug-20260622 D-1: push into pendingDestroy queue instead of
+      // destroying immediately — the old texture may still be referenced
+      // by an in-flight command buffer.
+      this.pendingDestroy.push(old);
+    }
+    this.transientPool.set(key, pooled);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Publish a persistent replacement only after a complete allocation succeeds.
+   * The old handle remains fenced until the GPU retires work that may still
+   * reference it, just like a transient replacement.
+   */
+  private setPersistentEntry(key: string, pooled: PooledTexture): void {
+    const old = this.persistentTextures.get(key);
+    if (old && old.texture !== pooled.texture) {
+      this.pendingDestroy.push(old);
+    }
+    this.persistentTextures.set(key, pooled);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * bug-20260622 D-2: reclaim pool textures queued in pendingDestroy after
+   * the GPU has retired all prior command buffers.
+   *
+   * Takes a snapshot of pendingDestroy, then calls
+   * `lastDevice.queue.onSubmittedWorkDone()`. When the promise resolves,
+   * the snapshot items are actually destroyed via
+   * `device.destroyTexture(...)` and removed from the queue.
+   *
+   * Idempotent (architecture-principles D-4): a second reclaim on an
+   * already-drained pendingDestroy is a no-op. When lastDevice is null
+   * (no device ever stashed), pendingDestroy is cleared directly.
+   *
+   * Per-handle destroy errors are tolerated (swallow-and-continue,
+   * plan-strategy D-5) — a stale-handle destroy-after-destroy does not
+   * interrupt the reclaim chain.
+   */
+  async reclaimRetiredTransients(): Promise<void> {
+    const device = this.lastDevice;
+    if (device === null) {
+      this.pendingDestroy.length = 0;
+      return;
+    }
+    if (this.pendingDestroy.length === 0) return;
+
+    // Snapshot the queue; items added after this point are handled by the
+    // next reclaim call (D-4: no race with concurrent push from same-frame
+    // drainTransient).
+    const snapshot = this.pendingDestroy.splice(0);
+
+    // Wait for all prior GPU work to complete.
+    await device.queue.onSubmittedWorkDone();
+
+    // Destroy snapshot items.
+    for (const pooled of snapshot) {
+      try {
+        device.destroyTexture(pooled.texture as Texture);
+      } catch {
+        // swallow-and-continue: per-handle destroy errors are tolerated
+        // (docstring contract) — a stale handle does not interrupt the
+        // reclaim chain for subsequent items.
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Drop the pendingDestroy queue WITHOUT calling device.destroyTexture
+   * (feat-20260622-s5 M3 / B-2 / B-AC-02).
+   *
+   * Used on the device-lost recover() rebuild path: the queue holds
+   * PooledTexture handles minted against the now-lost device, so calling
+   * destroyTexture on them against the freshly-rebuilt device is meaningless
+   * (the old GPUDevice owns them; spec retires its resources implicitly when
+   * it is lost). recover() calls this after `gpuStore.destroyAll()` and before
+   * `tryCreateWebGPURenderer` so no stale handle reaches the new device.
+   *
+   * device-lost is an upstream judgement (createRenderer's health state); the
+   * graph stays RHI-pure and takes no device parameter — it only exposes the
+   * clear entry. Same effect as the existing null-device fast paths in drain()
+   * / reclaimRetiredTransients() (`pendingDestroy.length = 0`), surfaced as a
+   * method recover() can call directly. Idempotent: a second call on an
+   * already-empty queue is a no-op.
+   */
+  clearPendingDestroy(): void {
+    this.pendingDestroy.length = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the compiled graph in declaration order, calling
+   * each pass's execute closure with the provided context. Passes without an
+   * execute closure are silently skipped.
+   */
+  execute(ctx: Ctx, runPass?: PassExecuteRunner): void {
+    const compiled = this.compiled;
+    if (!compiled) return;
+    const resolvedTextures: ReadonlyMap<string, unknown> = compiled.resolvedTextures;
+    const resolveCtx: ResolveContext = {
+      resolve: (name: string) => resolvedTextures.get(name),
+    };
+    const passList = this.passes.list();
+    const passByName = new Map<string, PassEntry<Ctx>>(passList.map((p) => [p.name, p]));
+    for (const internalPass of compiled.passes) {
+      const entry = passByName.get(internalPass.name);
+      const execute = entry?.descriptor.execute;
+      if (execute) {
+        if (runPass === undefined) {
+          (execute as (ctx: Ctx, resolve: ResolveContext) => void)(ctx, resolveCtx);
+        } else {
+          runPass(internalPass.name, () =>
+            (execute as (ctx: Ctx, resolve: ResolveContext) => void)(ctx, resolveCtx),
+          );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  listPasses(): readonly PassInfo[] {
+    return this.passes.list().map((p) => ({
+      name: p.name,
+      reads: p.descriptor.reads,
+      writes: p.descriptor.writes,
+    }));
+  }
+
+  listResources(): readonly ResourceInfo[] {
+    const result: ResourceInfo[] = [];
+    for (const entry of this.resources.entries()) {
+      result.push({
+        key: entry.key,
+        kind: entry.descriptor.kind,
+        lifetime: entry.descriptor.lifetime,
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // ── Private helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  private validateCaps(
+    passList: readonly PassEntry<Ctx>[],
+    caps: RhiCaps,
+  ): Result<never, RenderGraphError> | null {
+    for (const pass of passList) {
+      const { name, descriptor } = pass;
+
+      if (descriptor.compute && !caps.compute) {
+        return err(
+          new RenderGraphError({
+            code: 'cap-missing',
+            expected: `pass '${name}' is a compute pass but caps.compute is false`,
+            hint: 'use a render pass path or enable compute on the backend',
+            detail: { cap: 'compute', passName: name } satisfies CapMissingDetail,
+          }),
+        );
+      }
+
+      if (descriptor.storageBuffer && !caps.storageBuffer) {
+        return err(
+          new RenderGraphError({
+            code: 'cap-missing',
+            expected: `pass '${name}' requires storage buffer but caps.storageBuffer is false`,
+            hint: 'switch to uniform buffer or enable storageBuffer on the backend',
+            detail: {
+              cap: 'storageBuffer',
+              passName: name,
+            } satisfies CapMissingDetail,
+          }),
+        );
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  private validateColorDomains(
+    passList: readonly PassEntry<Ctx>[],
+  ): Result<never, RenderGraphError> | null {
+    for (const pass of passList) {
+      for (const connection of pass.descriptor.colorConnections ?? []) {
+        const source = this.resources.get(connection.source)?.colorTarget?.domain;
+        const destination = this.resources.get(connection.destination)?.colorTarget?.domain;
+        const validation = validateColorDomainConnection(
+          source,
+          destination,
+          connection.conversion,
+        );
+        if (!validation.ok) return err(validation.error);
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  private validateNoUnknownResource(
+    passList: readonly PassEntry<Ctx>[],
+  ): Result<never, RenderGraphError> | null {
+    for (const pass of passList) {
+      for (const key of [...pass.descriptor.reads, ...pass.descriptor.writes]) {
+        // Built-in reserved key 'swapchain' (feat-20260609 framebuffers demo
+        // M5 / T-12-a): the swap-chain output is not a graph-allocated
+        // resource; passes that write to 'swapchain' surface their writeView
+        // through the resolveCtx fallback (`resolveCtx.resolve('swapchain')`
+        // returns undefined -> the dispatcher falls back to `ctx.view`, the
+        // current swap-chain view). Allowed in `writes` (a fullscreen pass
+        // outputs to the swap-chain) and in `reads` (a future pass that
+        // samples the swap-chain via copyTextureToTexture). The graph never
+        // allocates, owns, or aliases this resource — it is purely an
+        // ordering/contract token.
+        if (key === 'swapchain') continue;
+        if (!this.resources.has(key)) {
+          return err(
+            new RenderGraphError({
+              code: 'unknown-resource',
+              expected: `pass '${pass.name}' references resource key '${key}' but it is not registered`,
+              hint: `call addResource('${key}', ...) before compile, or remove '${key}' from pass '${pass.name}'`,
+              detail: {
+                resourceKey: key,
+                passName: pass.name,
+              } satisfies DanglingReadDetail,
+            }),
+          );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve every registered `kind:'buffer'` resource to a concrete RHI
+   * binding type (AC-09 / D-6.1). `bufferRole='auto-storage-or-uniform'`
+   * (the default when unset) picks `'read-only-storage'` when the backend
+   * advertises `caps.storageBuffer`, else falls back to `'uniform'`;
+   * `bufferRole='uniform'` is always `'uniform'`. Mirrors the runtime
+   * `pbr-pipeline.ts` cap switch (research Finding 7), expressed here in the
+   * RHI-pure graph layer so consumers never duplicate the branch.
+   */
+  private resolveBuffers(caps: RhiCaps): ResolvedBuffer[] {
+    const resolved: ResolvedBuffer[] = [];
+    for (const entry of this.resources.entries()) {
+      if (entry.descriptor.kind !== 'buffer') continue;
+      const role = entry.descriptor.bufferRole ?? 'auto-storage-or-uniform';
+      const resolvedBufferType: ResolvedBufferType =
+        role === 'uniform' ? 'uniform' : caps.storageBuffer ? 'read-only-storage' : 'uniform';
+      resolved.push({ key: entry.key, resolvedBufferType });
+    }
+    return resolved;
+  }
+
+  private validateColorTargetFormats(): Result<undefined, RenderGraphError> {
+    for (const entry of this.resources.entries()) {
+      const meta = entry.colorTarget;
+      if (!meta || VALID_GPU_TEXTURE_FORMAT_SET.has(meta.format)) continue;
+
+      return err(
+        new RenderGraphError({
+          code: 'invalid-format',
+          expected: `addColorTarget format must be a valid GPU texture format; received '${meta.format}'`,
+          hint: `replace '${meta.format}' with one of detail.expected before recompiling`,
+          detail: {
+            resourceKey: entry.key,
+            format: meta.format,
+            expected: VALID_GPU_TEXTURE_FORMATS,
+          },
+        }),
+      );
+    }
+    return ok(undefined);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Phase 7: allocate GPU textures for registered color targets (D-1 / D-2).
+   *
+   * For each addColorTarget resource, resolves the concrete size from the
+   * ColorTargetSize descriptor and swapChainSize, then looks up the transient
+   * pool by descriptor key. Pool hit reuses the same physical texture/view;
+   * pool miss (drift) triggers device.createTexture/createTextureView rebuild.
+   *
+   * Alias targets (addColorTargetAlias) fold into the source's physical texture
+   * (KB-1 MoveNode pattern). Persistent targets are retained across compiles
+   * with size-drift rebuild.
+   *
+   * device === undefined is a no-op (returns an empty map).
+   * Allocation is transactional: newly created textures are destroyed on any
+   * failure, and pool mutations are committed only after every target succeeds.
+   */
+  private allocateColorTargets(
+    device: RhiDevice | undefined,
+    invalidateTransientPool = false,
+  ): Result<StagedColorTargetAllocation, RenderGraphError> {
+    const result = new Map<string, TextureView>();
+    if (
+      !device ||
+      typeof (device as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).createTexture !== 'function'
+    )
+      return ok({ resolvedTextures: result, transient: new Map(), persistent: new Map() });
+
+    const stagedTransient = new Map<string, PooledTexture>();
+    const stagedPersistent = new Map<string, PooledTexture>();
+    const stagedAllocations: PooledTexture[] = [];
+    const discardStaged = (): void => {
+      for (const pooled of stagedAllocations) {
+        try {
+          device.destroyTexture(pooled.texture as Texture);
+        } catch {
+          // A cleanup failure must not hide the allocation error.
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    for (const entry of this.resources.entries()) {
+      const meta = entry.colorTarget;
+      if (!meta) continue;
+
+      // Resolve alias: fold to source physical texture.
+      if (meta.aliasedFrom !== undefined) {
+        const sourceView = result.get(meta.aliasedFrom);
+        const sourceTexture = result.get(`${meta.aliasedFrom}::tex`);
+        if (sourceView === undefined || sourceTexture === undefined) {
+          discardStaged();
+          return err(
+            new RenderGraphError({
+              code: 'alias-source-missing',
+              expected: `alias '${entry.key}' source '${meta.aliasedFrom}' must resolve to a compiled color target`,
+              hint: `register color target '${meta.aliasedFrom}' before compiling alias '${entry.key}'`,
+              detail: {
+                aliasKey: entry.key,
+                sourceKey: meta.aliasedFrom,
+              } satisfies AliasSourceDetail,
+            }),
+          );
+        }
+        result.set(entry.key, sourceView);
+        result.set(`${entry.key}::tex`, sourceTexture);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const width = this.resolveWidth(meta.size);
+      const height = this.resolveHeight(meta.size);
+      const lifetime = entry.lifetime;
+
+      // feat-20260612-hdrp-ssao M9 scope-amendment (M8 graph barrier):
+      // Include the resource name in the transient pool key. Without this,
+      // two simultaneously-active transient color targets with identical
+      // descriptors (e.g. ssaoRaw / ssaoBlurred — both r8unorm half-swapchain
+      // RENDER_ATTACHMENT|TEXTURE_BINDING) share the same GPU texture. When
+      // one pass writes and the next pass both writes (color attachment) and
+      // reads (texture binding from the same view), WebGPU rejects the command
+      // buffer: "TextureBinding|RenderAttachment in the same synchronization
+      // scope."
+      const descriptorKey = poolKey({
+        format: meta.format,
+        width,
+        height,
+        usage: meta.usage,
+        sample: meta.sample,
+        viewFormats: meta.viewFormats ?? [],
+      });
+      const key = `${entry.key}:${descriptorKey}`;
+
+      if (lifetime === 'transient') {
+        const pooled = invalidateTransientPool ? undefined : this.transientPool.get(key);
+        if (pooled) {
+          result.set(entry.key, pooled.view as TextureView);
+          // w7-fix (round 3): re-publish the GPU Texture handle on every
+          // compile, not only on pool-miss. Without this the second compile
+          // (the recompile-on-resize path) leaves `${entry.key}::tex` empty,
+          // breaking consumers that read `getColorTargetTexture` (shadow
+          // debugReadback, fxaa copyTextureToTexture, MSAA srgb-view creation).
+          // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: opaque RHI texture handle
+          result.set(`${entry.key}::tex`, pooled.texture as any);
+          continue;
+        }
+      } else if (lifetime === 'persistent') {
+        const persisted = this.persistentTextures.get(entry.key);
+        if (persisted?.descriptorKey === descriptorKey) {
+          result.set(entry.key, persisted.view as TextureView);
+          // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: opaque RHI texture handle
+          result.set(`${entry.key}::tex`, persisted.texture as any);
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Pool miss or persistent fresh allocation: create new texture.
+      const texResult = device.createTexture({
+        label: entry.key,
+        size: { width, height, depthOrArrayLayers: 1 },
+        mipLevelCount: 1,
+        sampleCount: meta.sample,
+        dimension: '2d',
+        format: meta.format,
+        usage: meta.usage,
+        viewFormats: meta.viewFormats ?? [],
+      } as never);
+
+      if (!texResult.ok) {
+        discardStaged();
+        return err(
+          new RenderGraphError({
+            code: 'resource-alloc-failed',
+            expected: `device.createTexture must succeed for color target '${entry.key}'`,
+            hint: `retry after recovering the RHI allocation failure for '${entry.key}'`,
+            detail: {
+              resourceKey: entry.key,
+              rhiCode: texResult.error.code,
+            },
+          }),
+        );
+      }
+
+      const viewResult = device.createTextureView(texResult.value, {});
+      if (!viewResult.ok) {
+        try {
+          device.destroyTexture(texResult.value);
+        } catch {
+          // A cleanup failure must not hide the allocation error.
+        }
+        discardStaged();
+        return err(
+          new RenderGraphError({
+            code: 'resource-alloc-failed',
+            expected: `device.createTextureView must succeed for color target '${entry.key}'`,
+            hint: `retry after recovering the RHI view allocation failure for '${entry.key}'`,
+            detail: {
+              resourceKey: entry.key,
+              rhiCode: viewResult.error.code,
+            },
+          }),
+        );
+      }
+
+      const pooled: PooledTexture = {
+        texture: texResult.value,
+        view: viewResult.value,
+        descriptorKey,
+      };
+      stagedAllocations.push(pooled);
+
+      if (lifetime === 'transient') {
+        stagedTransient.set(key, pooled);
+      } else {
+        stagedPersistent.set(entry.key, pooled);
+      }
+
+      result.set(entry.key, viewResult.value);
+      // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: store Texture alongside TextureView
+      result.set(`${entry.key}::tex`, texResult.value as any);
+    }
+
+    return ok({
+      resolvedTextures: result,
+      transient: stagedTransient,
+      persistent: stagedPersistent,
+    });
+  }
+
+  private resolveWidth(size: ColorTargetDescriptor['size']): number {
+    if (typeof size === 'string') {
+      return size === 'half-swapchain' ? Math.ceil(this.swapChainWidth / 2) : this.swapChainWidth;
+    }
+    return size.w;
+  }
+
+  private resolveHeight(size: ColorTargetDescriptor['size']): number {
+    if (typeof size === 'string') {
+      return size === 'half-swapchain' ? Math.ceil(this.swapChainHeight / 2) : this.swapChainHeight;
+    }
+    return size.h;
+  }
+
+  private validateNoDanglingRead(
+    passList: readonly PassEntry<Ctx>[],
+  ): Result<never, RenderGraphError> | null {
+    const writers = new Set<string>();
+    for (const pass of passList) {
+      for (const key of pass.descriptor.reads) {
+        const imported = this.resources.get(key)?.descriptor.lifetime === 'persistent';
+        if (key !== 'swapchain' && !imported && !writers.has(key)) {
+          return err(
+            new RenderGraphError({
+              code: 'dangling-read',
+              expected: `pass '${pass.name}' reads key '${key}' but no pass writes it`,
+              hint: `add a pass that writes '${key}', or remove '${key}' from pass '${pass.name}' reads`,
+              detail: {
+                resourceKey: key,
+                passName: pass.name,
+              } satisfies DanglingReadDetail,
+            }),
+          );
+        }
+      }
+      for (const key of pass.descriptor.writes) writers.add(key);
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+}