@fable-org/fable-library-ts 2.0.0-rc.4 → 2.0.0-rc.6

package/Array.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 
 import { IComparer, IDisposable, disposeSafe, IEnumerator, getEnumerator, copyToArray, IEqualityComparer, defaultOf, MutableArray, Exception } from "./Util.ts";
-import { int32 } from "./Int32.ts";
+import { float64, int32 } from "./Int32.ts";
 import { Helpers_allocateArrayFromCons } from "./Native.ts";
 import { setItem as setItem_1, item as item_2 } from "./Array.ts";
 import { value as value_2, map as map_1, defaultArg, Option, some } from "./Option.ts";
 import { min as min_1, max as max_1 } from "./Double.ts";
-import { SR_indexOutOfBounds } from "./Global.ts";
+import { SR_notEnoughElements, SR_inputMustBeNonNegative, SR_inputSequenceEmpty, SR_Arg_ArgumentOutOfRangeException, SR_indexOutOfBounds } from "./Global.ts";
 import { Operators_IsNull } from "./FSharp.Core.ts";
+import { nonSeeded } from "./Random.ts";
 import { FSharpRef } from "./Types.ts";
 
 function indexNotFound<$a>(): $a {
@@ -1307,6 +1308,120 @@ export function insertManyAt<T>(index: int32, ys: Iterable<T>, xs: MutableArray<
     return target;
 }
 
+export function randomShuffleInPlaceBy<T>(randomizer: (() => float64), xs: MutableArray<T>): void {
+    const len: int32 = xs.length | 0;
+    for (let i: int32 = len - 1; i >= 1; i--) {
+        const r: float64 = randomizer();
+        if ((r < 0) ? true : (r >= 1)) {
+            throw new Exception((SR_Arg_ArgumentOutOfRangeException + "\\nParameter name: ") + "randomizer");
+        }
+        const j: int32 = ~~(r * (i + 1)) | 0;
+        const tmp: T = item_2(i, xs);
+        setItem_1(xs, i, item_2(j, xs));
+        setItem_1(xs, j, tmp);
+    }
+}
+
+export function randomShuffleInPlaceWith<T>(random: any, xs: MutableArray<T>): void {
+    randomShuffleInPlaceBy<T>((): float64 => random.NextDouble(), xs);
+}
+
+export function randomShuffleInPlace<T>(xs: MutableArray<T>): void {
+    randomShuffleInPlaceWith<T>(nonSeeded(), xs);
+}
+
+export function randomShuffleBy<T>(randomizer: (() => float64), xs: MutableArray<T>): MutableArray<T> {
+    const arr: MutableArray<T> = copy<T>(xs);
+    randomShuffleInPlaceBy<T>(randomizer, arr);
+    return arr;
+}
+
+export function randomShuffleWith<T>(random: any, xs: MutableArray<T>): MutableArray<T> {
+    return randomShuffleBy<T>((): float64 => random.NextDouble(), xs);
+}
+
+export function randomShuffle<T>(xs: MutableArray<T>): MutableArray<T> {
+    return randomShuffleWith<T>(nonSeeded(), xs);
+}
+
+export function randomChoiceBy<T>(randomizer: (() => float64), xs: MutableArray<T>): T {
+    if (isEmpty<T>(xs)) {
+        throw new Exception((SR_inputSequenceEmpty + "\\nParameter name: ") + "source");
+    }
+    const len: int32 = xs.length | 0;
+    const r: float64 = randomizer();
+    if ((r < 0) ? true : (r >= 1)) {
+        throw new Exception((SR_Arg_ArgumentOutOfRangeException + "\\nParameter name: ") + "randomizer");
+    }
+    return item_2(~~(r * len), xs);
+}
+
+export function randomChoiceWith<T>(random: any, xs: MutableArray<T>): T {
+    return randomChoiceBy<T>((): float64 => random.NextDouble(), xs);
+}
+
+export function randomChoice<T>(xs: MutableArray<T>): T {
+    return randomChoiceWith<T>(nonSeeded(), xs);
+}
+
+export function randomChoicesBy<T>(randomizer: (() => float64), count: int32, xs: MutableArray<T>, cons?: any): MutableArray<T> {
+    if (count < 0) {
+        throw new Exception((SR_inputMustBeNonNegative + "\\nParameter name: ") + "count");
+    }
+    if ((count > 0) && isEmpty<T>(xs)) {
+        throw new Exception((SR_inputSequenceEmpty + "\\nParameter name: ") + "source");
+    }
+    const len: int32 = xs.length | 0;
+    return initialize<T>(count, (_arg: int32): T => {
+        const r: float64 = randomizer();
+        if ((r < 0) ? true : (r >= 1)) {
+            throw new Exception((SR_Arg_ArgumentOutOfRangeException + "\\nParameter name: ") + "randomizer");
+        }
+        return item_2(~~(r * len), xs);
+    }, cons);
+}
+
+export function randomChoicesWith<T>(random: any, count: int32, xs: MutableArray<T>, cons?: any): MutableArray<T> {
+    return randomChoicesBy<T>((): float64 => random.NextDouble(), count, xs, cons);
+}
+
+export function randomChoices<T>(count: int32, xs: MutableArray<T>, cons?: any): MutableArray<T> {
+    return randomChoicesWith<T>(nonSeeded(), count, xs, cons);
+}
+
+export function randomSampleBy<T>(randomizer: (() => float64), count: int32, xs: MutableArray<T>): MutableArray<T> {
+    if (count < 0) {
+        throw new Exception((SR_inputMustBeNonNegative + "\\nParameter name: ") + "count");
+    }
+    const arr: MutableArray<T> = copy<T>(xs);
+    const len: int32 = arr.length | 0;
+    if ((len === 0) && (count > 0)) {
+        throw new Exception((SR_inputSequenceEmpty + "\\nParameter name: ") + "source");
+    }
+    if (count > len) {
+        throw new Exception((SR_notEnoughElements + "\\nParameter name: ") + "count");
+    }
+    for (let i = 0; i <= (count - 1); i++) {
+        const r: float64 = randomizer();
+        if ((r < 0) ? true : (r >= 1)) {
+            throw new Exception((SR_Arg_ArgumentOutOfRangeException + "\\nParameter name: ") + "randomizer");
+        }
+        const j: int32 = (i + ~~(r * (len - i))) | 0;
+        const tmp: T = item_2(i, arr);
+        setItem_1(arr, i, item_2(j, arr));
+        setItem_1(arr, j, tmp);
+    }
+    return getSubArray<T>(arr, 0, count);
+}
+
+export function randomSampleWith<T>(random: any, count: int32, xs: MutableArray<T>): MutableArray<T> {
+    return randomSampleBy<T>((): float64 => random.NextDouble(), count, xs);
+}
+
+export function randomSample<T>(count: int32, xs: MutableArray<T>): MutableArray<T> {
+    return randomSampleWith<T>(nonSeeded(), count, xs);
+}
+
 export function removeAt<T>(index: int32, xs: MutableArray<T>): MutableArray<T> {
     if ((index < 0) ? true : (index >= xs.length)) {
         throw new Exception((SR_indexOutOfBounds + "\\nParameter name: ") + "index");

package/Async.ts

@@ -58,37 +58,25 @@ export function throwIfCancellationRequested(token: CancellationToken) {
   }
 }
 
-function throwAfter(millisecondsDueTime: number): Async<void> {
-  return protectedCont((ctx: IAsyncContext<void>) => {
-    let tokenId: number;
-    const timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
-      ctx.cancelToken.removeListener(tokenId);
-      ctx.onError(TimeoutException_$ctor());
-    }, millisecondsDueTime);
-    tokenId = ctx.cancelToken.addListener(() => {
-      clearTimeout(timeoutId);
-      ctx.onCancel(new OperationCanceledException());
-    });
-  });
-}
-
 export function startChild<T>(computation: Async<T>, ms?: number): Async<Async<T>> {
-  if (ms) {
-    const computationWithTimeout = protectedBind(
-      parallel2(
-        computation,
-        throwAfter(ms)),
-      xs => protectedReturn(xs[0]));
+  const promise = startAsPromise(computation);
+  let promiseToRun = promise;
 
-    return startChild(computationWithTimeout);
+  if (ms) {
+    // Race the computation against a timeout: whichever settles first wins.
+    promiseToRun = new Promise<T>((resolve, reject) => {
+      const timeoutId = setTimeout(() => reject(TimeoutException_$ctor()), ms);
+      promise.then(
+        value => { clearTimeout(timeoutId); resolve(value); },
+        error => { clearTimeout(timeoutId); reject(error); }
+      );
+    });
   }
 
-  const promise = startAsPromise(computation);
-
   // JS Promises are hot, computation has already started
   // but we delay returning the result
   return protectedCont((ctx) =>
-    protectedReturn(awaitPromise(promise))(ctx));
+    protectedReturn(awaitPromise(promiseToRun))(ctx));
 }
 
 export function awaitPromise<T>(p: Promise<T>) {
@@ -129,10 +117,6 @@ export function parallel<T>(computations: Iterable<Async<T>>) {
   return delay(() => awaitPromise(Promise.all(Array.from(computations, (w) => startAsPromise(w)))));
 }
 
-function parallel2<T, U>(a: Async<T>, b: Async<U>): Async<[T, U]> {
-  return delay(() => awaitPromise(Promise.all([startAsPromise(a), startAsPromise(b)])));
-}
-
 export function sequential<T>(computations: Iterable<Async<T>>) {
 
   function _sequential<T>(computations: Iterable<Async<T>>): Promise<T[]> {

package/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -7,6 +7,19 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+## 2.0.0-rc.6 - 2026-04-07
+
+### Fixed
+
+* [JS/TS] Fix `Async.StartChild` with timeout always timing out even when the computation finishes before the deadline (fixes #4481) (by @MangelMaxime)
+
+## 2.0.0-rc.5 - 2026-03-31
+
+### Fixed
+
+* [JS/TS] Improve `Regex.Escape` and `Regex.Unescape` handling (by @MangelMaxime)
+* [JS/TS] Fixed quotation for union string cases (by @MangelMaxime)
+
 ## 2.0.0-rc.4 - 2026-03-19
 
 ### Fixed

package/Guid.ts

@@ -63,15 +63,38 @@ export function tryParse(str: string, defValue: FSharpRef<string>): boolean {
   }
 }
 
-// From https://gist.github.com/LeverOne/1308368
 export function newGuid() {
-  let b = "";
-  for (let a = 0; a++ < 36;) {
-    b += a * 51 & 52
-      ? (a ^ 15 ? 8 ^ Math.random() * (a ^ 20 ? 16 : 4) : 4).toString(16)
-      : "-";
-  }
-  return b;
+  const bytes = new Uint8Array(16);
+  crypto.getRandomValues(bytes);
+  bytes[6] = (bytes[6] & 0x0f) | 0x40; // version 4
+  bytes[8] = (bytes[8] & 0x3f) | 0x80; // variant 1
+  const hex = Array.from(bytes, b => b.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join("");
+  return `${hex.slice(0, 8)}-${hex.slice(8, 12)}-${hex.slice(12, 16)}-${hex.slice(16, 20)}-${hex.slice(20)}`;
+}
+
+// RFC 9562 UUID v7
+export function createVersion7(timestamp?: Date): string {
+  const ms = timestamp != null ? timestamp.getTime() : Date.now();
+
+  // 48-bit timestamp as hex
+  const msHex = Math.floor(ms).toString(16).padStart(12, "0");
+
+  // random bits
+  const bytes = new Uint8Array(10);
+  crypto.getRandomValues(bytes);
+  const view = new DataView(bytes.buffer);
+  const randA = view.getUint16(0) & 0x0fff; // 12 bits
+  const randB1 = view.getUint16(2) & 0x3fff; // 14 bits
+  const randB2 = view.getUint32(4); // 32 bits
+  const randB3 = view.getUint16(8); // 16 bits
+
+  const timeLow = msHex.slice(0, 8);
+  const timeMid = msHex.slice(8, 12);
+  const ver = (0x7000 | randA).toString(16).padStart(4, "0");
+  const variantAndRandB = (0x8000 | randB1).toString(16).padStart(4, "0");
+  const node = randB2.toString(16).padStart(8, "0") + randB3.toString(16).padStart(4, "0");
+
+  return `${timeLow}-${timeMid}-${ver}-${variantAndRandB}-${node}`;
 }
 
 // Maps for number <-> hex string conversion

package/List.ts

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 import { join } from "./String.ts";
 import { defaultArg, some, value as value_1, Option } from "./Option.ts";
 import { IComparer, IEqualityComparer, disposeSafe, isArrayLike, MutableArray, Exception, IDisposable, defaultOf, toIterator, getEnumerator, IEnumerator, compare, structuralHash, equals } from "./Util.ts";
-import { int32 } from "./Int32.ts";
+import { float64, int32 } from "./Int32.ts";
 import { Record } from "./Types.ts";
 import { class_type, record_type, option_type, TypeInfo } from "./Reflection.ts";
 import { SR_inputSequenceTooLong, SR_inputSequenceEmpty, SR_inputMustBeNonNegative, SR_notEnoughElements, SR_differentLengths, SR_keyNotFoundAlt, SR_indexOutOfBounds, SR_inputWasEmpty } from "./Global.ts";
 import { KeyNotFoundException_$ctor_Z721C83C5 } from "./System.Collections.Generic.ts";
-import { transpose as transpose_1, splitInto as splitInto_1, windowed as windowed_1, pairwise as pairwise_1, chunkBySize as chunkBySize_1, map as map_1, permute as permute_1, tryFindIndexBack as tryFindIndexBack_1, tryFindBack as tryFindBack_1, scanBack as scanBack_1, item as item_1, foldBack2 as foldBack2_1, foldBack as foldBack_1, setItem, fill } from "./Array.ts";
+import { randomSampleBy as randomSampleBy_1, randomChoicesBy as randomChoicesBy_1, randomChoiceBy as randomChoiceBy_1, randomShuffleInPlaceBy, transpose as transpose_1, splitInto as splitInto_1, windowed as windowed_1, pairwise as pairwise_1, chunkBySize as chunkBySize_1, map as map_1, permute as permute_1, tryFindIndexBack as tryFindIndexBack_1, tryFindBack as tryFindBack_1, scanBack as scanBack_1, item as item_1, foldBack2 as foldBack2_1, foldBack as foldBack_1, setItem, fill } from "./Array.ts";
+import { nonSeeded } from "./Random.ts";
 
 export class FSharpList<T> extends Record implements Iterable<T> {
     readonly head: T;
@@ -1427,3 +1428,53 @@ export function updateAt<T>(index: int32, y: T, xs: FSharpList<T>): FSharpList<T
     return ys;
 }
 
+export function randomShuffleBy<T>(randomizer: (() => float64), xs: FSharpList<T>): FSharpList<T> {
+    const arr: MutableArray<T> = toArray<T>(xs);
+    randomShuffleInPlaceBy<T>(randomizer, arr);
+    return ofArray<T>(arr);
+}
+
+export function randomShuffleWith<T>(random: any, xs: FSharpList<T>): FSharpList<T> {
+    return randomShuffleBy<T>((): float64 => random.NextDouble(), xs);
+}
+
+export function randomShuffle<T>(xs: FSharpList<T>): FSharpList<T> {
+    return randomShuffleWith<T>(nonSeeded(), xs);
+}
+
+export function randomChoiceBy<T>(randomizer: (() => float64), xs: FSharpList<T>): T {
+    return randomChoiceBy_1<T>(randomizer, toArray<T>(xs));
+}
+
+export function randomChoiceWith<T>(random: any, xs: FSharpList<T>): T {
+    return randomChoiceBy<T>((): float64 => random.NextDouble(), xs);
+}
+
+export function randomChoice<T>(xs: FSharpList<T>): T {
+    return randomChoiceWith<T>(nonSeeded(), xs);
+}
+
+export function randomChoicesBy<T>(randomizer: (() => float64), count: int32, xs: FSharpList<T>): FSharpList<T> {
+    return ofArray<T>(randomChoicesBy_1<T>(randomizer, count, toArray<T>(xs)));
+}
+
+export function randomChoicesWith<T>(random: any, count: int32, xs: FSharpList<T>): FSharpList<T> {
+    return randomChoicesBy<T>((): float64 => random.NextDouble(), count, xs);
+}
+
+export function randomChoices<T>(count: int32, xs: FSharpList<T>): FSharpList<T> {
+    return randomChoicesWith<T>(nonSeeded(), count, xs);
+}
+
+export function randomSampleBy<T>(randomizer: (() => float64), count: int32, xs: FSharpList<T>): FSharpList<T> {
+    return ofArray<T>(randomSampleBy_1<T>(randomizer, count, toArray<T>(xs)));
+}
+
+export function randomSampleWith<T>(random: any, count: int32, xs: FSharpList<T>): FSharpList<T> {
+    return randomSampleBy<T>((): float64 => random.NextDouble(), count, xs);
+}
+
+export function randomSample<T>(count: int32, xs: FSharpList<T>): FSharpList<T> {
+    return randomSampleWith<T>(nonSeeded(), count, xs);
+}
+

package/RegExp.ts

@@ -22,11 +22,20 @@ export function create(pattern: string, options = 0) {
 // From http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3446170/escape-string-for-use-in-javascript-regex
 
 export function escape(str: string) {
-  return str.replace(/[\-\[\]\/\{\}\(\)\*\+\?\.\\\^\$\|]/g, "\\$&");
+  // Matches the characters escaped by .NET's Regex.Escape.
+  // Note:
+  //
+  //  .NET also escapes space and # (relevant for IgnorePatternWhitespace mode),
+  //  but JS unicode-mode regex rejects \  and \# as invalid escapes, and we don't
+  //  support IgnorePatternWhitespace, so we omit them.
+  //
+  //  .NET does not escape ] and } but JS unicode-mode regex rejects bare ] and }
+  //  as invalid, so we escape them too for compatibility.
+  return str.replace(/[$()*+.?[\\\^{|}\]]/g, "\\$&");
 }
 
 export function unescape(str: string) {
-  return str.replace(/\\([\-\[\]\/\{\}\(\)\*\+\?\.\\\^\$\|])/g, "$1");
+  return str.replace(/\\([$()*+.?[\\\^{|}\]])/g, "$1");
 }
 
 export function isMatch(reg: RegExp, input: string, startAt = 0) {

package/Seq.ts

@@ -6,10 +6,11 @@ import { class_type, TypeInfo } from "./Reflection.ts";
 import { some, value as value_1, Option } from "./Option.ts";
 import { KeyNotFoundException_$ctor_Z721C83C5 } from "./System.Collections.Generic.ts";
 import { Operators_Lock, Operators_NullArgCheck } from "./FSharp.Core.ts";
-import { chunkBySize as chunkBySize_1, permute as permute_1, transpose as transpose_1, map as map_1, windowed as windowed_1, splitInto as splitInto_1, pairwise as pairwise_1, scanBack as scanBack_1, reverse as reverse_1, mapFoldBack as mapFoldBack_1, mapFold as mapFold_1, item as item_1, tryItem as tryItem_1, tryHead as tryHead_1, foldBack2 as foldBack2_1, foldBack as foldBack_1, tryFindIndexBack as tryFindIndexBack_1, tryFindBack as tryFindBack_1, singleton as singleton_1 } from "./Array.ts";
+import { randomSampleBy as randomSampleBy_1, randomChoicesBy as randomChoicesBy_1, randomChoice as randomChoice_1, randomChoiceWith as randomChoiceWith_1, randomChoiceBy as randomChoiceBy_1, randomShuffleInPlaceBy, chunkBySize as chunkBySize_1, permute as permute_1, transpose as transpose_1, map as map_1, windowed as windowed_1, splitInto as splitInto_1, pairwise as pairwise_1, scanBack as scanBack_1, reverse as reverse_1, mapFoldBack as mapFoldBack_1, mapFold as mapFold_1, item as item_1, tryItem as tryItem_1, tryHead as tryHead_1, foldBack2 as foldBack2_1, foldBack as foldBack_1, tryFindIndexBack as tryFindIndexBack_1, tryFindBack as tryFindBack_1, singleton as singleton_1 } from "./Array.ts";
 import { length as length_1, tryItem as tryItem_2, isEmpty as isEmpty_1, tryHead as tryHead_2, ofSeq as ofSeq_1, ofArray as ofArray_1, toArray as toArray_1, FSharpList } from "./List.ts";
-import { int32 } from "./Int32.ts";
+import { float64, int32 } from "./Int32.ts";
 import { SR_indexOutOfBounds } from "./Global.ts";
+import { nonSeeded } from "./Random.ts";
 
 export const SR_enumerationAlreadyFinished = "Enumeration already finished.";
 
@@ -1515,3 +1516,53 @@ export function updateAt<T>(index: int32, y: T, xs: Iterable<T>): Iterable<T> {
     });
 }
 
+export function randomShuffleBy<T>(randomizer: (() => float64), xs: Iterable<T>): Iterable<T> {
+    const arr: MutableArray<T> = toArray<T>(xs);
+    randomShuffleInPlaceBy<T>(randomizer, arr);
+    return ofArray<T>(arr);
+}
+
+export function randomShuffleWith<T>(random: any, xs: Iterable<T>): Iterable<T> {
+    return randomShuffleBy<T>((): float64 => random.NextDouble(), xs);
+}
+
+export function randomShuffle<T>(xs: Iterable<T>): Iterable<T> {
+    return randomShuffleWith<T>(nonSeeded(), xs);
+}
+
+export function randomChoiceBy<T>(randomizer: (() => float64), xs: Iterable<T>): T {
+    return randomChoiceBy_1<T>(randomizer, toArray<T>(xs));
+}
+
+export function randomChoiceWith<T>(random: any, xs: Iterable<T>): T {
+    return randomChoiceWith_1<T>(random, toArray<T>(xs));
+}
+
+export function randomChoice<T>(xs: Iterable<T>): T {
+    return randomChoice_1<T>(toArray<T>(xs));
+}
+
+export function randomChoicesBy<T>(randomizer: (() => float64), count: int32, xs: Iterable<T>): Iterable<T> {
+    return ofArray<T>(randomChoicesBy_1<T>(randomizer, count, toArray<T>(xs)));
+}
+
+export function randomChoicesWith<T>(random: any, count: int32, xs: Iterable<T>): Iterable<T> {
+    return randomChoicesBy<T>((): float64 => random.NextDouble(), count, xs);
+}
+
+export function randomChoices<T>(count: int32, xs: Iterable<T>): Iterable<T> {
+    return randomChoicesWith<T>(nonSeeded(), count, xs);
+}
+
+export function randomSampleBy<T>(randomizer: (() => float64), count: int32, xs: Iterable<T>): Iterable<T> {
+    return ofArray<T>(randomSampleBy_1<T>(randomizer, count, toArray<T>(xs)));
+}
+
+export function randomSampleWith<T>(random: any, count: int32, xs: Iterable<T>): Iterable<T> {
+    return randomSampleBy<T>((): float64 => random.NextDouble(), count, xs);
+}
+
+export function randomSample<T>(count: int32, xs: Iterable<T>): Iterable<T> {
+    return randomSampleWith<T>(nonSeeded(), count, xs);
+}
+

package/String.ts

@@ -344,7 +344,11 @@ export function format(str: string | object, ...args: any[]) {
           precision = precision == null ? 2 : precision;
           rep = toFixed(rep, precision);
           parts = splitIntAndDecimalPart(rep);
-          rep = "¤" + thousandSeparate(parts.integral) + "." + padRight(parts.decimal, precision, "0");
+          if (precision > 0) {
+            rep = "¤" + thousandSeparate(parts.integral) + "." + padRight(parts.decimal, precision, "0");
+          } else {
+            rep = "¤" + thousandSeparate(parts.integral);
+          }
           if (isNegative) {
             rep = "(" + rep + ")";
           }
@@ -382,13 +386,21 @@ export function format(str: string | object, ...args: any[]) {
           precision = precision != null ? precision : 2;
           rep = toFixed(rep, precision);
           parts = splitIntAndDecimalPart(rep);
-          rep = thousandSeparate(parts.integral) + "." + padRight(parts.decimal, precision, "0");
+          if (precision > 0) {
+            rep = thousandSeparate(parts.integral) + "." + padRight(parts.decimal, precision, "0");
+          } else {
+            rep = thousandSeparate(parts.integral);
+          }
           break;
         case "p": case "P":
           precision = precision != null ? precision : 2;
           rep = toFixed(multiply(rep, 100), precision)
           parts = splitIntAndDecimalPart(rep);
-          rep = thousandSeparate(parts.integral) + "." + padRight(parts.decimal, precision, "0") + " %";
+          if (precision > 0) {
+            rep = thousandSeparate(parts.integral) + "." + padRight(parts.decimal, precision, "0") + " %";
+          } else {
+            rep = thousandSeparate(parts.integral) + " %";
+          }
           break;
         case "r": case "R":
           throw new Exception("The round-trip format is not supported by Fable");

package/Types.ts

@@ -39,16 +39,23 @@ export function toString(x: any, callStack = 0): string {
 }
 
 export function unionToString(name: string, fields: any[]) {
+  function unionFieldToString(x: any): string {
+    if (typeof x === "string") {
+      return '"' + x + '"';
+    }
+    return toString(x);
+  }
+
   if (fields.length === 0) {
     return name;
   } else {
     let fieldStr;
     let withParens = true;
     if (fields.length === 1) {
-      fieldStr = toString(fields[0]);
+      fieldStr = unionFieldToString(fields[0]);
       withParens = fieldStr.indexOf(" ") >= 0;
     } else {
-      fieldStr = fields.map((x: any) => toString(x)).join(", ");
+      fieldStr = fields.map((x: any) => unionFieldToString(x)).join(", ");
     }
     return name + (withParens ? " (" : " ") + fieldStr + (withParens ? ")" : "");
   }

package/package.json

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     "private": false,
     "type": "module",
     "name": "@fable-org/fable-library-ts",
-    "version": "2.0.0-rc.4",
+    "version": "2.0.0-rc.6",
     "description": "Core library used by F# projects compiled with fable.io",
     "author": "Fable Contributors",
     "license": "MIT",

package/quotation.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,644 @@
+/**
+ * F# Quotation runtime support for Fable JS/TS target.
+ *
+ * Provides class-based representations of F# quotation AST nodes
+ * and pattern matching helpers compatible with Fable's option convention
+ * (undefined = no match, value/tuple = match).
+ */
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Var: represents an F# quotation variable
+// ===================================================================
+
+export class Var {
+    readonly Name: string;
+    readonly Type: string;
+    readonly IsMutable: boolean;
+
+    constructor(name: string, type_: string, isMutable: boolean) {
+        this.Name = name;
+        this.Type = type_;
+        this.IsMutable = isMutable;
+    }
+}
+
+export function mkQuotVar(name: string, type_: string, isMutable: boolean = false): Var {
+    return new Var(name, type_, isMutable);
+}
+
+export function varGetName(v: Var): string { return v.Name; }
+export function varGetType(v: Var): string { return v.Type; }
+export function varGetIsMutable(v: Var): boolean { return v.IsMutable; }
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Expr nodes: tagged classes for each quotation expression kind
+// ===================================================================
+
+export class ExprValue {
+    readonly tag = "Value";
+    value: any;
+    type: string;
+    constructor(value: any, type: string) { this.value = value; this.type = type; }
+    toJSON() { return ["Value", this.value, this.type]; }
+}
+
+export class ExprVarExpr {
+    readonly tag = "Var";
+    var_: Var;
+    constructor(var_: Var) { this.var_ = var_; }
+    toJSON() { return ["Var", this.var_]; }
+}
+
+export class ExprLambda {
+    readonly tag = "Lambda";
+    var_: Var;
+    body: Expr;
+    constructor(var_: Var, body: Expr) { this.var_ = var_; this.body = body; }
+    toJSON() { return ["Lambda", this.var_, this.body]; }
+}
+
+export class ExprApplication {
+    readonly tag = "Application";
+    func: Expr;
+    arg: Expr;
+    constructor(func: Expr, arg: Expr) { this.func = func; this.arg = arg; }
+    toJSON() { return ["Application", this.func, this.arg]; }
+}
+
+export class ExprLet {
+    readonly tag = "Let";
+    var_: Var;
+    value: Expr;
+    body: Expr;
+    constructor(var_: Var, value: Expr, body: Expr) { this.var_ = var_; this.value = value; this.body = body; }
+    toJSON() { return ["Let", this.var_, this.value, this.body]; }
+}
+
+export class ExprIfThenElse {
+    readonly tag = "IfThenElse";
+    guard: Expr;
+    thenExpr: Expr;
+    elseExpr: Expr;
+    constructor(guard: Expr, thenExpr: Expr, elseExpr: Expr) { this.guard = guard; this.thenExpr = thenExpr; this.elseExpr = elseExpr; }
+    toJSON() { return ["IfThenElse", this.guard, this.thenExpr, this.elseExpr]; }
+}
+
+export class ExprCall {
+    readonly tag = "Call";
+    instance: Expr | null;
+    method: string;
+    args: Expr[];
+    constructor(instance: Expr | null, method: string, args: Expr[]) { this.instance = instance; this.method = method; this.args = args; }
+    toJSON() { return ["Call", this.instance, this.method, this.args]; }
+}
+
+export class ExprSequential {
+    readonly tag = "Sequential";
+    first: Expr;
+    second: Expr;
+    constructor(first: Expr, second: Expr) { this.first = first; this.second = second; }
+    toJSON() { return ["Sequential", this.first, this.second]; }
+}
+
+export class ExprNewTuple {
+    readonly tag = "NewTuple";
+    elements: Expr[];
+    constructor(elements: Expr[]) { this.elements = elements; }
+    toJSON() { return ["NewTuple", this.elements]; }
+}
+
+export class ExprNewUnion {
+    readonly tag = "NewUnion";
+    typeName: string;
+    unionTag: number;
+    fields: Expr[];
+    constructor(typeName: string, unionTag: number, fields: Expr[]) { this.typeName = typeName; this.unionTag = unionTag; this.fields = fields; }
+    toJSON() { return ["NewUnion", this.typeName, this.unionTag, this.fields]; }
+}
+
+export class ExprNewRecord {
+    readonly tag = "NewRecord";
+    fieldNames: string[];
+    values: Expr[];
+    constructor(fieldNames: string[], values: Expr[]) { this.fieldNames = fieldNames; this.values = values; }
+    toJSON() { return ["NewRecord", this.fieldNames, this.values]; }
+}
+
+export class ExprNewList {
+    readonly tag = "NewList";
+    head: Expr;
+    tail: Expr;
+    constructor(head: Expr, tail: Expr) { this.head = head; this.tail = tail; }
+    toJSON() { return ["NewList", this.head, this.tail]; }
+}
+
+export class ExprTupleGet {
+    readonly tag = "TupleGet";
+    expr: Expr;
+    index: number;
+    constructor(expr: Expr, index: number) { this.expr = expr; this.index = index; }
+    toJSON() { return ["TupleGet", this.expr, this.index]; }
+}
+
+export class ExprUnionTag {
+    readonly tag = "UnionTag";
+    expr: Expr;
+    constructor(expr: Expr) { this.expr = expr; }
+    toJSON() { return ["UnionTag", this.expr]; }
+}
+
+export class ExprUnionField {
+    readonly tag = "UnionField";
+    expr: Expr;
+    fieldIndex: number;
+    constructor(expr: Expr, fieldIndex: number) { this.expr = expr; this.fieldIndex = fieldIndex; }
+    toJSON() { return ["UnionField", this.expr, this.fieldIndex]; }
+}
+
+export class ExprFieldGet {
+    readonly tag = "FieldGet";
+    expr: Expr;
+    fieldName: string;
+    constructor(expr: Expr, fieldName: string) { this.expr = expr; this.fieldName = fieldName; }
+    toJSON() { return ["FieldGet", this.expr, this.fieldName]; }
+}
+
+export class ExprFieldSet {
+    readonly tag = "FieldSet";
+    expr: Expr;
+    fieldName: string;
+    value: Expr;
+    constructor(expr: Expr, fieldName: string, value: Expr) { this.expr = expr; this.fieldName = fieldName; this.value = value; }
+    toJSON() { return ["FieldSet", this.expr, this.fieldName, this.value]; }
+}
+
+export class ExprVarSet {
+    readonly tag = "VarSet";
+    target: Expr;
+    value: Expr;
+    constructor(target: Expr, value: Expr) { this.target = target; this.value = value; }
+    toJSON() { return ["VarSet", this.target, this.value]; }
+}
+
+export type Expr =
+    | ExprValue
+    | ExprVarExpr
+    | ExprLambda
+    | ExprApplication
+    | ExprLet
+    | ExprIfThenElse
+    | ExprCall
+    | ExprSequential
+    | ExprNewTuple
+    | ExprNewUnion
+    | ExprNewRecord
+    | ExprNewList
+    | ExprTupleGet
+    | ExprUnionTag
+    | ExprUnionField
+    | ExprFieldGet
+    | ExprFieldSet
+    | ExprVarSet;
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Constructors (called by QuotationEmitter.fs)
+// ===================================================================
+
+export function mkValue(value: any, type: string): ExprValue {
+    return new ExprValue(value, type);
+}
+
+export function mkVar(v: Var): ExprVarExpr {
+    return new ExprVarExpr(v);
+}
+
+export function mkLambda(v: Var, body: Expr): ExprLambda {
+    return new ExprLambda(v, body);
+}
+
+export function mkApplication(func: Expr, arg: Expr): ExprApplication {
+    return new ExprApplication(func, arg);
+}
+
+export function mkLet(v: Var, value: Expr, body: Expr): ExprLet {
+    return new ExprLet(v, value, body);
+}
+
+export function mkIfThenElse(guard: Expr, thenExpr: Expr, elseExpr: Expr): ExprIfThenElse {
+    return new ExprIfThenElse(guard, thenExpr, elseExpr);
+}
+
+export function mkCall(instance: Expr | null, method: string, args: Expr[]): ExprCall {
+    return new ExprCall(instance, method, args);
+}
+
+export function mkSequential(first: Expr, second: Expr): ExprSequential {
+    return new ExprSequential(first, second);
+}
+
+export function mkNewTuple(elements: Expr[]): ExprNewTuple {
+    return new ExprNewTuple(elements);
+}
+
+export function mkTupleGet(expr: Expr, index: number): ExprTupleGet {
+    return new ExprTupleGet(expr, index);
+}
+
+export function mkUnionTag(expr: Expr): ExprUnionTag {
+    return new ExprUnionTag(expr);
+}
+
+export function mkUnionField(expr: Expr, fieldIndex: number): ExprUnionField {
+    return new ExprUnionField(expr, fieldIndex);
+}
+
+export function mkFieldGet(expr: Expr, fieldName: string): ExprFieldGet {
+    return new ExprFieldGet(expr, fieldName);
+}
+
+export function mkFieldSet(expr: Expr, fieldName: string, value: Expr): ExprFieldSet {
+    return new ExprFieldSet(expr, fieldName, value);
+}
+
+export function mkVarSet(target: Expr, value: Expr): ExprVarSet {
+    return new ExprVarSet(target, value);
+}
+
+export function mkNewUnion(typeName: string, tag: number, fields: Expr[]): ExprNewUnion {
+    return new ExprNewUnion(typeName, tag, fields);
+}
+
+export function mkNewRecord(fieldNames: string[], values: Expr[]): ExprNewRecord {
+    return new ExprNewRecord(fieldNames, values);
+}
+
+export function mkNewList(head: Expr, tail: Expr): ExprNewList {
+    return new ExprNewList(head, tail);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Accessors
+// ===================================================================
+
+export function getType(expr: Expr): string {
+    if (expr instanceof ExprValue) return expr.type;
+    if (expr instanceof ExprLambda) return expr.var_.Type;
+    return "obj";
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Pattern match helpers
+// Returns undefined (no match) or a value/tuple (match), following
+// Fable's option convention for active patterns.
+// ===================================================================
+
+export function isValue(expr: Expr): [any, string] | undefined {
+    if (expr instanceof ExprValue) return [expr.value, expr.type];
+    return undefined;
+}
+
+export function isVar(expr: Expr): Var | undefined {
+    if (expr instanceof ExprVarExpr) return expr.var_;
+    return undefined;
+}
+
+export function isLambda(expr: Expr): [Var, Expr] | undefined {
+    if (expr instanceof ExprLambda) return [expr.var_, expr.body];
+    return undefined;
+}
+
+export function isApplication(expr: Expr): [Expr, Expr] | undefined {
+    if (expr instanceof ExprApplication) return [expr.func, expr.arg];
+    return undefined;
+}
+
+export function isLet(expr: Expr): [Var, Expr, Expr] | undefined {
+    if (expr instanceof ExprLet) return [expr.var_, expr.value, expr.body];
+    return undefined;
+}
+
+export function isIfThenElse(expr: Expr): [Expr, Expr, Expr] | undefined {
+    if (expr instanceof ExprIfThenElse) return [expr.guard, expr.thenExpr, expr.elseExpr];
+    return undefined;
+}
+
+export function isCall(expr: Expr): [Expr | null, string, Expr[]] | undefined {
+    if (expr instanceof ExprCall) return [expr.instance, expr.method, expr.args];
+    return undefined;
+}
+
+export function isSequential(expr: Expr): [Expr, Expr] | undefined {
+    if (expr instanceof ExprSequential) return [expr.first, expr.second];
+    return undefined;
+}
+
+export function isNewTuple(expr: Expr): Expr[] | undefined {
+    if (expr instanceof ExprNewTuple) return expr.elements;
+    return undefined;
+}
+
+export function isNewUnionCase(expr: Expr): [string, Expr[]] | undefined {
+    if (expr instanceof ExprNewUnion) return [expr.typeName, expr.fields];
+    return undefined;
+}
+
+export function isNewRecord(expr: Expr): [string[], Expr[]] | undefined {
+    if (expr instanceof ExprNewRecord) return [expr.fieldNames, expr.values];
+    return undefined;
+}
+
+export function isTupleGet(expr: Expr): [Expr, number] | undefined {
+    if (expr instanceof ExprTupleGet) return [expr.expr, expr.index];
+    return undefined;
+}
+
+export function isFieldGet(expr: Expr): [Expr, string] | undefined {
+    if (expr instanceof ExprFieldGet) return [expr.expr, expr.fieldName];
+    return undefined;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Evaluation
+// ===================================================================
+
+const OPERATORS: Record<string, (...args: any[]) => any> = {
+    "op_Addition": (a: any, b: any) => a + b,
+    "op_Subtraction": (a: any, b: any) => a - b,
+    "op_Multiply": (a: any, b: any) => a * b,
+    "op_Division": (a: any, b: any) => a / b,
+    "op_Modulus": (a: any, b: any) => a % b,
+    "op_Exponentiation": (a: any, b: any) => a ** b,
+    "op_UnaryNegation": (a: any) => -a,
+    "op_UnaryPlus": (a: any) => +a,
+    "op_LogicalNot": (a: any) => !a,
+    "op_BitwiseOr": (a: any, b: any) => a | b,
+    "op_BitwiseAnd": (a: any, b: any) => a & b,
+    "op_ExclusiveOr": (a: any, b: any) => a ^ b,
+    "op_LeftShift": (a: any, b: any) => a << b,
+    "op_RightShift": (a: any, b: any) => a >> b,
+    "op_Equality": (a: any, b: any) => a === b,
+    "op_Inequality": (a: any, b: any) => a !== b,
+    "op_LessThan": (a: any, b: any) => a < b,
+    "op_LessThanOrEqual": (a: any, b: any) => a <= b,
+    "op_GreaterThan": (a: any, b: any) => a > b,
+    "op_GreaterThanOrEqual": (a: any, b: any) => a >= b,
+    "op_BooleanAnd": (a: any, b: any) => a && b,
+    "op_BooleanOr": (a: any, b: any) => a || b,
+};
+
+export function evaluate(expr: Expr, env?: Map<string, any>): any {
+    if (env == null) env = new Map();
+
+    if (expr instanceof ExprValue) return expr.value;
+
+    if (expr instanceof ExprVarExpr) {
+        if (env.has(expr.var_.Name)) return env.get(expr.var_.Name);
+        throw new Error(`Unbound variable: ${expr.var_.Name}`);
+    }
+
+    if (expr instanceof ExprLambda) {
+        const capturedEnv = new Map(env);
+        return (arg: any) => {
+            const newEnv = new Map(capturedEnv);
+            newEnv.set(expr.var_.Name, arg);
+            return evaluate(expr.body, newEnv);
+        };
+    }
+
+    if (expr instanceof ExprApplication) {
+        return evaluate(expr.func, env)(evaluate(expr.arg, env));
+    }
+
+    if (expr instanceof ExprLet) {
+        const newEnv = new Map(env);
+        newEnv.set(expr.var_.Name, evaluate(expr.value, env));
+        return evaluate(expr.body, newEnv);
+    }
+
+    if (expr instanceof ExprIfThenElse) {
+        return evaluate(expr.guard, env) ? evaluate(expr.thenExpr, env) : evaluate(expr.elseExpr, env);
+    }
+
+    if (expr instanceof ExprSequential) {
+        evaluate(expr.first, env);
+        return evaluate(expr.second, env);
+    }
+
+    if (expr instanceof ExprNewTuple) {
+        return expr.elements.map(e => evaluate(e, env));
+    }
+
+    if (expr instanceof ExprCall) {
+        const evaluatedArgs = expr.args.map((a: any) => evaluate(a, env));
+        if (expr.method in OPERATORS) return OPERATORS[expr.method](...evaluatedArgs);
+        throw new Error(`Unknown method: ${expr.method}`);
+    }
+
+    if (expr instanceof ExprTupleGet) {
+        return evaluate(expr.expr, env)[expr.index];
+    }
+
+    if (expr instanceof ExprNewUnion) {
+        return [expr.unionTag, ...expr.fields.map((f: any) => evaluate(f, env))];
+    }
+
+    if (expr instanceof ExprNewRecord) {
+        const result: Record<string, any> = {};
+        for (let i = 0; i < expr.fieldNames.length; i++) {
+            result[expr.fieldNames[i]] = evaluate(expr.values[i], env);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    if (expr instanceof ExprNewList) {
+        return [evaluate(expr.head, env), ...evaluate(expr.tail, env)];
+    }
+
+    if (expr instanceof ExprVarSet) {
+        if (expr.target instanceof ExprVarExpr) {
+            env.set(expr.target.var_.Name, evaluate(expr.value, env));
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        throw new Error("VarSet target must be a variable");
+    }
+
+    if (expr instanceof ExprFieldGet) {
+        const obj = evaluate(expr.expr, env);
+        return obj[expr.fieldName];
+    }
+
+    throw new Error(`Cannot evaluate expression: ${(expr as any).tag}`);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// FSharpExpr instance methods
+// ===================================================================
+
+const OP_SYMBOLS: Record<string, string> = {
+    "op_Addition": "+",
+    "op_Subtraction": "-",
+    "op_Multiply": "*",
+    "op_Division": "/",
+    "op_Modulus": "%",
+    "op_Exponentiation": "**",
+    "op_Equality": "=",
+    "op_Inequality": "<>",
+    "op_LessThan": "<",
+    "op_LessThanOrEqual": "<=",
+    "op_GreaterThan": ">",
+    "op_GreaterThanOrEqual": ">=",
+    "op_BooleanAnd": "&&",
+    "op_BooleanOr": "||",
+    "op_UnaryNegation": "-",
+    "op_LogicalNot": "not",
+};
+
+export function exprToString(expr: Expr): string {
+    if (expr instanceof ExprValue) {
+        if (expr.type === "string") return `"${expr.value}"`;
+        if (expr.type === "unit") return "()";
+        if (expr.type === "bool") return expr.value ? "true" : "false";
+        return String(expr.value);
+    }
+    if (expr instanceof ExprVarExpr) return expr.var_.Name;
+    if (expr instanceof ExprLambda) return `fun ${expr.var_.Name} -> ${exprToString(expr.body)}`;
+    if (expr instanceof ExprApplication) return `${exprToString(expr.func)} ${exprToString(expr.arg)}`;
+    if (expr instanceof ExprLet) return `let ${expr.var_.Name} = ${exprToString(expr.value)} in ${exprToString(expr.body)}`;
+    if (expr instanceof ExprIfThenElse) return `if ${exprToString(expr.guard)} then ${exprToString(expr.thenExpr)} else ${exprToString(expr.elseExpr)}`;
+    if (expr instanceof ExprCall) {
+        if (expr.method in OP_SYMBOLS && expr.args.length === 2) {
+            return `(${exprToString(expr.args[0])} ${OP_SYMBOLS[expr.method]} ${exprToString(expr.args[1])})`;
+        }
+        if (expr.method in OP_SYMBOLS && expr.args.length === 1) {
+            return `${OP_SYMBOLS[expr.method]}${exprToString(expr.args[0])}`;
+        }
+        return `${expr.method}(${expr.args.map(exprToString).join(", ")})`;
+    }
+    if (expr instanceof ExprSequential) return `${exprToString(expr.first)}; ${exprToString(expr.second)}`;
+    if (expr instanceof ExprNewTuple) return `(${expr.elements.map(exprToString).join(", ")})`;
+    if (expr instanceof ExprTupleGet) return `Item${expr.index + 1}(${exprToString(expr.expr)})`;
+    if (expr instanceof ExprFieldGet) return `${exprToString(expr.expr)}.${expr.fieldName}`;
+    return `<${(expr as any).tag}>`;
+}
+
+export function getFreeVars(expr: Expr): Var[] {
+    const free: Var[] = [];
+    const seen = new Set<string>();
+
+    function walk(e: Expr, bound: Set<string>): void {
+        if (e instanceof ExprVarExpr) {
+            if (!bound.has(e.var_.Name) && !seen.has(e.var_.Name)) {
+                free.push(e.var_);
+                seen.add(e.var_.Name);
+            }
+        } else if (e instanceof ExprLambda) {
+            walk(e.body, new Set([...bound, e.var_.Name]));
+        } else if (e instanceof ExprLet) {
+            walk(e.value, bound);
+            walk(e.body, new Set([...bound, e.var_.Name]));
+        } else if (e instanceof ExprApplication) {
+            walk(e.func, bound);
+            walk(e.arg, bound);
+        } else if (e instanceof ExprIfThenElse) {
+            walk(e.guard, bound);
+            walk(e.thenExpr, bound);
+            walk(e.elseExpr, bound);
+        } else if (e instanceof ExprCall) {
+            for (const a of e.args) walk(a, bound);
+        } else if (e instanceof ExprSequential) {
+            walk(e.first, bound);
+            walk(e.second, bound);
+        } else if (e instanceof ExprNewTuple) {
+            for (const el of e.elements) walk(el, bound);
+        } else if (e instanceof ExprTupleGet) {
+            walk(e.expr, bound);
+        } else if (e instanceof ExprNewUnion) {
+            for (const f of e.fields) walk(f, bound);
+        } else if (e instanceof ExprNewRecord) {
+            for (const v of e.values) walk(v, bound);
+        } else if (e instanceof ExprNewList) {
+            walk(e.head, bound);
+            walk(e.tail, bound);
+        } else if (e instanceof ExprUnionTag) {
+            walk(e.expr, bound);
+        } else if (e instanceof ExprUnionField) {
+            walk(e.expr, bound);
+        } else if (e instanceof ExprFieldGet) {
+            walk(e.expr, bound);
+        } else if (e instanceof ExprFieldSet) {
+            walk(e.expr, bound);
+            walk(e.value, bound);
+        } else if (e instanceof ExprVarSet) {
+            walk(e.target, bound);
+            walk(e.value, bound);
+        }
+    }
+
+    walk(expr, new Set());
+    return free;
+}
+
+export function substitute(expr: Expr, fn: (v: Var) => Expr | undefined): Expr {
+    function sub(e: Expr): Expr {
+        if (e instanceof ExprVarExpr) {
+            const result = fn(e.var_);
+            return result !== undefined ? result : e;
+        }
+        if (e instanceof ExprLambda) return new ExprLambda(e.var_, sub(e.body));
+        if (e instanceof ExprLet) return new ExprLet(e.var_, sub(e.value), sub(e.body));
+        if (e instanceof ExprApplication) return new ExprApplication(sub(e.func), sub(e.arg));
+        if (e instanceof ExprIfThenElse) return new ExprIfThenElse(sub(e.guard), sub(e.thenExpr), sub(e.elseExpr));
+        if (e instanceof ExprCall) {
+            const newInst = e.instance != null ? sub(e.instance) : e.instance;
+            return new ExprCall(newInst, e.method, e.args.map(sub));
+        }
+        if (e instanceof ExprSequential) return new ExprSequential(sub(e.first), sub(e.second));
+        if (e instanceof ExprNewTuple) return new ExprNewTuple(e.elements.map(sub));
+        if (e instanceof ExprTupleGet) return new ExprTupleGet(sub(e.expr), e.index);
+        if (e instanceof ExprNewUnion) return new ExprNewUnion(e.typeName, e.unionTag, e.fields.map(sub));
+        if (e instanceof ExprNewRecord) return new ExprNewRecord(e.fieldNames, e.values.map(sub));
+        if (e instanceof ExprNewList) return new ExprNewList(sub(e.head), sub(e.tail));
+        if (e instanceof ExprUnionTag) return new ExprUnionTag(sub(e.expr));
+        if (e instanceof ExprUnionField) return new ExprUnionField(sub(e.expr), e.fieldIndex);
+        if (e instanceof ExprFieldGet) return new ExprFieldGet(sub(e.expr), e.fieldName);
+        if (e instanceof ExprFieldSet) return new ExprFieldSet(sub(e.expr), e.fieldName, sub(e.value));
+        if (e instanceof ExprVarSet) return new ExprVarSet(sub(e.target), sub(e.value));
+        return e;
+    }
+    return sub(expr);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// JSON deserialization
+// Reconstructs Expr/Var from the toJSON() array format.
+// ===================================================================
+
+function varFromJSON(json: any): Var {
+    return new Var(json.Name, json.Type, json.IsMutable);
+}
+
+export function exprFromJSON(json: any): Expr {
+    if (!Array.isArray(json)) return new ExprValue(json, typeof json);
+    const [tag, ...fields] = json;
+    switch (tag) {
+        case "Value": return new ExprValue(fields[0], fields[1]);
+        case "Var": return new ExprVarExpr(varFromJSON(fields[0]));
+        case "Lambda": return new ExprLambda(varFromJSON(fields[0]), exprFromJSON(fields[1]));
+        case "Application": return new ExprApplication(exprFromJSON(fields[0]), exprFromJSON(fields[1]));
+        case "Let": return new ExprLet(varFromJSON(fields[0]), exprFromJSON(fields[1]), exprFromJSON(fields[2]));
+        case "IfThenElse": return new ExprIfThenElse(exprFromJSON(fields[0]), exprFromJSON(fields[1]), exprFromJSON(fields[2]));
+        case "Call": return new ExprCall(fields[0] != null ? exprFromJSON(fields[0]) : null, fields[1], (fields[2] as any[]).map(exprFromJSON));
+        case "Sequential": return new ExprSequential(exprFromJSON(fields[0]), exprFromJSON(fields[1]));
+        case "NewTuple": return new ExprNewTuple((fields[0] as any[]).map(exprFromJSON));
+        case "TupleGet": return new ExprTupleGet(exprFromJSON(fields[0]), fields[1]);
+        case "NewUnion": return new ExprNewUnion(fields[0], fields[1], (fields[2] as any[]).map(exprFromJSON));
+        case "UnionTag": return new ExprUnionTag(exprFromJSON(fields[0]));
+        case "UnionField": return new ExprUnionField(exprFromJSON(fields[0]), fields[1]);
+        case "NewRecord": return new ExprNewRecord(fields[0], (fields[1] as any[]).map(exprFromJSON));
+        case "FieldGet": return new ExprFieldGet(exprFromJSON(fields[0]), fields[1]);
+        case "FieldSet": return new ExprFieldSet(exprFromJSON(fields[0]), fields[1], exprFromJSON(fields[2]));
+        case "VarSet": return new ExprVarSet(exprFromJSON(fields[0]), exprFromJSON(fields[1]));
+        case "NewList": return new ExprNewList(exprFromJSON(fields[0]), exprFromJSON(fields[1]));
+        default: return new ExprValue(json, "unknown");
+    }
+}