@expressots/core 3.0.0 → 4.0.0-preview.3

package/lib/esm/middleware/middleware-service.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1853 @@
+var __decorate = (this && this.__decorate) || function (decorators, target, key, desc) {
+    var c = arguments.length, r = c < 3 ? target : desc === null ? desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, key) : desc, d;
+    if (typeof Reflect === "object" && typeof Reflect.decorate === "function") r = Reflect.decorate(decorators, target, key, desc);
+    else for (var i = decorators.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) if (d = decorators[i]) r = (c < 3 ? d(r) : c > 3 ? d(target, key, r) : d(target, key)) || r;
+    return c > 3 && r && Object.defineProperty(target, key, r), r;
+};
+import { static as expressStatic, json, urlencoded, } from "express";
+import { injectable } from "../di/inversify.js";
+import defaultErrorHandler from "../error/error-handler-middleware.js";
+import { ExceptionHandlerMiddleware } from "../error/exception-handler-middleware.js";
+import { Logger } from "../provider/logger/logger.provider.js";
+import { middlewareResolver, isMiddlewareAvailable, isPackageAvailable, resolvePackage, getResolverStartupWarnings, clearResolverStartupWarnings, } from "./middleware-resolver.js";
+import { getMiddlewareRegistry, } from "./middleware-registry.js";
+import { setGlobalUploadConfig } from "./upload-registry.js";
+import { ContentNegotiationService } from "./content-negotiation/content-negotiation-service.js";
+import { MiddlewareProfiler, } from "./middleware-profiler.js";
+/**
+ * Abstract class for creating custom Expresso middleware.
+ *
+ * @layer public
+ * @audience application-developers
+ * @concept custom-middleware
+ * @difficulty intermediate
+ *
+ * @summary Quick Start
+ * Create custom middleware classes by extending this abstract class.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```typescript
+ * class AuthMiddleware extends ExpressoMiddleware {
+ *   use(req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction): void {
+ *     const token = req.headers.authorization;
+ *     if (!token) {
+ *       return res.status(401).json({ error: "Unauthorized" });
+ *     }
+ *     next();
+ *   }
+ * }
+ *
+ * // Use in application
+ * services.Middleware.addMiddleware(new AuthMiddleware());
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @layer internal
+ * @audience framework-developers
+ *
+ * **Internal Behavior**
+ * - Provides `name` getter (returns constructor name)
+ * - Abstract `use()` method must be implemented
+ * - Compatible with Express middleware signature
+ *
+ * @see {@link IMiddleware.addMiddleware} for adding middleware
+ *
+ * @public API
+ */
+let ExpressoMiddleware = class ExpressoMiddleware {
+    get name() {
+        return this.constructor.name;
+    }
+};
+ExpressoMiddleware = __decorate([
+    injectable()
+], ExpressoMiddleware);
+export { ExpressoMiddleware };
+/**
+ * MiddlewareType Enum
+ *
+ * The MiddlewareType enum represents the various types of middleware that can be added to the middleware collection.
+ * - Config: Middleware configuration object.
+ * - ExpressHandler: Express request handler function.
+ * - IExpressoMiddleware: Custom Expresso middleware.
+ */
+var MiddlewareType;
+(function (MiddlewareType) {
+    MiddlewareType[MiddlewareType["Config"] = 0] = "Config";
+    MiddlewareType[MiddlewareType["ExpressHandler"] = 1] = "ExpressHandler";
+    MiddlewareType[MiddlewareType["IExpressoMiddleware"] = 2] = "IExpressoMiddleware";
+})(MiddlewareType || (MiddlewareType = {}));
+/**
+ * Mapping of known middleware names to categories.
+ */
+const MIDDLEWARE_CATEGORIES = {
+    // Parsers
+    jsonParser: "parser",
+    urlencodedParser: "parser",
+    bodyParser: "parser",
+    cookieParser: "parser",
+    // Security
+    cors: "security",
+    helmet: "security",
+    rateLimit: "security",
+    // Session
+    session: "session",
+    cookieSession: "session",
+    // Logging
+    morgan: "logging",
+    RequestLoggingMiddleware: "logging",
+    // Static
+    serveStatic: "static",
+    serveFavicon: "static",
+    // Compression/Other
+    compression: "other",
+    multer: "other",
+};
+/**
+ * Category icons for visual pipeline display.
+ */
+const CATEGORY_ICONS = {
+    parser: "📦",
+    security: "🔒",
+    logging: "📝",
+    validation: "✅",
+    error: "⚠️",
+    session: "🔑",
+    static: "📁",
+    other: "⚙️",
+};
+/**
+ * Middleware service for managing Express middleware pipeline.
+ *
+ * @layer public
+ * @audience application-developers
+ * @concept middleware-management
+ * @difficulty beginner
+ *
+ * @summary Quick Start
+ * Configure and manage middleware for your ExpressoTS application.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```typescript
+ * @provide(App)
+ * export class App extends AppFactory {
+ *   configureServices(services: IService): void {
+ *     // Add built-in middleware
+ *     services.Middleware.addCors();
+ *     services.Middleware.addBodyParser();
+ *     services.Middleware.addHelmet();
+ *
+ *     // Add custom middleware
+ *     services.Middleware.addMiddleware((req, res, next) => {
+ *       // Custom logic
+ *       next();
+ *     });
+ *   }
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * **Features:**
+ * - Built-in middleware helpers (CORS, Helmet, Body Parser, etc.)
+ * - Custom middleware support
+ * - Middleware presets for common configurations
+ * - Conditional middleware execution
+ * - Content negotiation
+ * - Request validation
+ * - Performance profiling
+ *
+ * @layer internal
+ * @audience framework-developers
+ *
+ * **Internal Architecture**
+ *
+ * Middleware service:
+ * - Maintains ordered pipeline array
+ * - Uses Map for O(1) middleware lookup
+ * - Caches sorted pipeline for performance
+ * - Supports conditional middleware execution
+ * - Integrates with middleware resolver for auto-discovery
+ *
+ * **Design Decisions**
+ * - Singleton pattern (one instance per app)
+ * - Ordered pipeline (insertion order preserved)
+ * - Cached sorting (invalidated on changes)
+ * - Built-in middleware auto-discovery
+ *
+ * @see {@link IMiddleware} for interface definition
+ * @see {@link middlewareResolver} for middleware resolution
+ *
+ * @layer advanced
+ * @audience power-users
+ *
+ * **Advanced Usage**
+ *
+ * Conditional middleware:
+ * ```typescript
+ * services.Middleware.addConditional({
+ *   middleware: rateLimiter,
+ *   condition: (req) => !req.headers["x-internal-service"],
+ *   name: "conditional-rate-limit"
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Middleware presets:
+ * ```typescript
+ * services.Middleware.usePreset("api", {
+ *   overrides: {
+ *     Cors: { origin: "https://myapp.com" }
+ *   }
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @public API
+ */
+export class Middleware {
+    // O(1) lookup map for middleware by name
+    middlewareMap = new Map();
+    // Ordered pipeline array
+    middlewarePipeline = [];
+    // Insertion order counter for stable sorting
+    insertionOrder = 0;
+    // Cached sorted pipeline
+    sortedPipelineCache = null;
+    // Error handler
+    errorHandler;
+    // Singleton logger (renamed to avoid conflict with logger() method)
+    _logger;
+    // Content negotiation service
+    contentNegotiationService;
+    // Profiler instance
+    profiler = null;
+    // Profiling enabled flag
+    profilingEnabled = false;
+    // v4: Custom presets storage
+    customPresets = new Map();
+    // v4: Last applied preset info (for Studio integration)
+    _lastPreset = null;
+    // v4: Middleware registry reference
+    registry = getMiddlewareRegistry();
+    // v4: Buffered startup logs (displayed after banner)
+    startupLogs = [];
+    // v4: Track registered middleware names for summary
+    registeredMiddlewareNames = [];
+    constructor() {
+        this._logger = new Logger();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Buffer a startup log message to be displayed after the banner.
+     * Only buffers in development mode.
+     * @param message - The message to buffer
+     * @param type - Log type: "info" or "warn"
+     */
+    bufferStartupLog(message, type = "info") {
+        this.startupLogs.push({ message, type });
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get all buffered startup logs for display after the banner.
+     * Includes warnings from the middleware resolver (e.g., missing packages).
+     * @returns Array of startup log entries
+     */
+    getStartupLogs() {
+        // Combine service logs with resolver warnings
+        const logs = [...this.startupLogs, ...getResolverStartupWarnings()];
+        // Add registered middleware summary at the end if any were registered
+        if (this.registeredMiddlewareNames.length > 0) {
+            logs.push({
+                message: `Registered: ${this.registeredMiddlewareNames.join(", ")}`,
+                type: "info",
+            });
+        }
+        return logs;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Clear all buffered startup logs.
+     */
+    clearStartupLogs() {
+        this.startupLogs = [];
+        this.registeredMiddlewareNames = [];
+        clearResolverStartupWarnings();
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // PRIVATE HELPER METHODS
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the type of the middleware.
+     *
+     * @param middleware - The middleware to be checked.
+     * @returns The type of the middleware.
+     */
+    getMiddlewareType(middleware) {
+        if (middleware &&
+            typeof middleware === "object" &&
+            ("path" in middleware || "middlewares" in middleware)) {
+            return MiddlewareType.Config;
+        }
+        if (typeof middleware === "function") {
+            return MiddlewareType.ExpressHandler;
+        }
+        return MiddlewareType.IExpressoMiddleware;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Checks if a middleware with the given name exists in the middleware collection.
+     * Uses O(1) Map lookup instead of O(n) array scan.
+     *
+     * @param middlewareName - The name of the middleware to be checked.
+     * @returns A boolean value indicating whether the middleware exists or not.
+     */
+    middlewareExists(middlewareName) {
+        return this.middlewareMap.has(middlewareName);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Invalidate the sorted pipeline cache.
+     */
+    invalidateCache() {
+        this.sortedPipelineCache = null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Generic method to add built-in middleware with consistent pattern.
+     *
+     * @param name - Middleware name for lookup
+     * @param category - Middleware category
+     * @param middlewareFactory - Factory function that creates the middleware
+     * @returns True if middleware was added, false if skipped
+     */
+    addBuiltInMiddleware(name, category, middlewareFactory) {
+        if (this.middlewareExists(name)) {
+            this._logger.warn(`[${name}] already exists. Skipping...`, "middleware-service");
+            return false;
+        }
+        const middleware = middlewareFactory();
+        if (!middleware) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        const entry = {
+            order: this.insertionOrder++,
+            middleware,
+            name,
+            category,
+            isBuiltIn: true,
+        };
+        this.middlewarePipeline.push(entry);
+        this.middlewareMap.set(name, entry);
+        this.invalidateCache();
+        return true;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get middleware name from a pipeline entry.
+     */
+    getMiddlewareName(m) {
+        if (m.name) {
+            return m.name;
+        }
+        const middlewareType = this.getMiddlewareType(m.middleware);
+        if (middlewareType === MiddlewareType.Config) {
+            const config = m.middleware;
+            if (config.path)
+                return config.path;
+            const names = config.middlewares
+                .map((fn) => typeof fn === "function" ? fn.name : fn?.constructor?.name)
+                .filter((n) => n && n !== "anonymous" && n !== "");
+            return names.length > 0 ? names.join(", ") : "ConfigMiddleware";
+        }
+        else if (middlewareType === MiddlewareType.IExpressoMiddleware) {
+            return m.middleware.constructor.name;
+        }
+        else {
+            return m.middleware?.name || "Anonymous";
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get the category of a middleware.
+     */
+    getMiddlewareCategory(name, 
+    // Parameter reserved for future use (built-in middleware differentiation)
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
+    _isBuiltIn) {
+        // Check known categories
+        if (MIDDLEWARE_CATEGORIES[name]) {
+            return MIDDLEWARE_CATEGORIES[name];
+        }
+        // Try to infer from name
+        const lowerName = name.toLowerCase();
+        if (lowerName.includes("parser") ||
+            lowerName.includes("body") ||
+            lowerName.includes("json")) {
+            return "parser";
+        }
+        if (lowerName.includes("cors") ||
+            lowerName.includes("helmet") ||
+            lowerName.includes("auth") ||
+            lowerName.includes("security")) {
+            return "security";
+        }
+        if (lowerName.includes("log") ||
+            lowerName.includes("morgan") ||
+            lowerName.includes("request")) {
+            return "logging";
+        }
+        if (lowerName.includes("valid")) {
+            return "validation";
+        }
+        if (lowerName.includes("error") || lowerName.includes("handler")) {
+            return "error";
+        }
+        if (lowerName.includes("session") || lowerName.includes("cookie")) {
+            return "session";
+        }
+        if (lowerName.includes("static") || lowerName.includes("favicon")) {
+            return "static";
+        }
+        return "other";
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get the path for a middleware.
+     */
+    getMiddlewarePath(m) {
+        const middlewareType = this.getMiddlewareType(m.middleware);
+        if (middlewareType === MiddlewareType.Config) {
+            return m.middleware.path || "Global";
+        }
+        return "Global";
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // INTERNAL MIDDLEWARE HELPERS (used by v4 unified methods)
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    /**
+     * Internal: Sets up Multer middleware for handling multipart/form-data.
+     * Used by upload() method.
+     * @internal
+     */
+    setupMulter(options) {
+        const multerMiddleware = middlewareResolver("multer", options);
+        if (multerMiddleware) {
+            return multerMiddleware;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Internal: Adds a middleware to serve static files.
+     * Used by static() method.
+     * @internal
+     */
+    serveStatic(root, options) {
+        this.addBuiltInMiddleware("serveStatic", "static", () => expressStatic(root, options));
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // CUSTOM MIDDLEWARE METHODS
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    /**
+     * Helper method to add middleware configuration objects.
+     */
+    addConfigMiddleware(middleware) {
+        const config = middleware;
+        if (config.middlewares.length === 0) {
+            this._logger.warn(`No middlewares in the route [${config.path}]. Skipping...`, "middleware-service");
+            return;
+        }
+        const inferredName = config.middlewares
+            .map((fn) => (typeof fn === "function" ? fn.name : fn?.constructor?.name))
+            .filter((n) => n && n !== "anonymous" && n !== "")
+            .join(", ");
+        const configKey = config.path || inferredName || `custom_${this.insertionOrder}`;
+        if (this.middlewareExists(configKey)) {
+            this._logger.warn(`[${config.path}] route already exists. Skipping...`, "middleware-service");
+            return;
+        }
+        const entry = {
+            order: this.insertionOrder++,
+            middleware: config,
+            name: configKey,
+            category: "other",
+            isBuiltIn: false,
+        };
+        this.middlewarePipeline.push(entry);
+        this.middlewareMap.set(configKey, entry);
+        this.invalidateCache();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Helper method to add express request handler functions.
+     */
+    addExpressHandlerMiddleware(middleware) {
+        const middlewareName = middleware?.name || `anonymous_${this.insertionOrder}`;
+        if (this.middlewareExists(middlewareName) && middleware?.name) {
+            this._logger.warn(`[${middlewareName}] already exists. Skipping...`, "middleware-service");
+            return;
+        }
+        const entry = {
+            order: this.insertionOrder++,
+            middleware,
+            name: middlewareName,
+            category: this.getMiddlewareCategory(middlewareName),
+            isBuiltIn: false,
+        };
+        this.middlewarePipeline.push(entry);
+        this.middlewareMap.set(middlewareName, entry);
+        this.invalidateCache();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Helper method to add custom Expresso middleware.
+     */
+    addIExpressoMiddleware(middleware) {
+        const middlewareName = middleware.constructor.name;
+        if (this.middlewareExists(middlewareName)) {
+            this._logger.warn(`[${middlewareName}] already exists. Skipping...`, "middleware-service");
+            return;
+        }
+        const entry = {
+            order: this.insertionOrder++,
+            middleware,
+            name: middlewareName,
+            category: this.getMiddlewareCategory(middlewareName),
+            isBuiltIn: false,
+        };
+        this.middlewarePipeline.push(entry);
+        this.middlewareMap.set(middlewareName, entry);
+        this.invalidateCache();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Adds a middleware to the middleware collection.
+     *
+     * @param options - The Express request handler function, middleware configuration object,
+     * or a custom Expresso middleware.
+     *
+     * @example Express Handler
+     * ```typescript
+     * const middleware = (req, res, next) => {
+     *   // Your middleware logic here
+     *   next();
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @example Middleware Configuration Object
+     * ```typescript
+     * const middleware = {
+     *   path: "/",
+     *   middlewares: [] // Array of Express Handlers
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @example Expresso Middleware
+     * ```typescript
+     * class CustomMiddleware implements IExpressoMiddleware {
+     *   use(req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction): Promise<void> | void {
+     *     // Your middleware logic here
+     *     next();
+     *   }
+     * }
+     * ```
+     */
+    addMiddleware(options) {
+        switch (this.getMiddlewareType(options)) {
+            case MiddlewareType.Config:
+                this.addConfigMiddleware(options);
+                break;
+            case MiddlewareType.ExpressHandler:
+                this.addExpressHandlerMiddleware(options);
+                break;
+            case MiddlewareType.IExpressoMiddleware:
+                this.addIExpressoMiddleware(options);
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // CONDITIONAL MIDDLEWARE
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    /**
+     * Add middleware that only executes when a condition is met.
+     *
+     * @param config - Conditional middleware configuration
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * // Only apply rate limiting for non-internal requests
+     * middleware.addConditional({
+     *   middleware: rateLimiter,
+     *   condition: (req) => !req.headers["x-internal-service"],
+     *   name: "conditional-rate-limit"
+     * });
+     *
+     * // Only apply auth for non-public routes
+     * middleware.addConditional({
+     *   middleware: authMiddleware,
+     *   condition: (req) => !req.path.startsWith("/public"),
+     *   name: "conditional-auth"
+     * });
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @public API
+     */
+    addConditional(config) {
+        const name = config.name || `conditional_${this.insertionOrder}`;
+        if (this.middlewareExists(name)) {
+            this._logger.warn(`[${name}] already exists. Skipping...`, "middleware-service");
+            return;
+        }
+        // Wrap the middleware with the condition check
+        const wrappedMiddleware = (req, res, next) => {
+            if (config.condition(req)) {
+                return config.middleware(req, res, next);
+            }
+            next();
+        };
+        const entry = {
+            order: this.insertionOrder++,
+            middleware: wrappedMiddleware,
+            name,
+            category: config.category || "other",
+            isBuiltIn: false,
+            condition: config.condition,
+        };
+        this.middlewarePipeline.push(entry);
+        this.middlewareMap.set(name, entry);
+        this.invalidateCache();
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // ERROR HANDLER
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    /**
+     * Configures the error handling middleware for the application.
+     *
+     * @param options - The object containing the configuration options for the error handler middleware.
+     */
+    setErrorHandler(options = {}) {
+        const { errorHandler: errorHandling, showStackTrace, enableExceptionFilters = false, container, } = options;
+        // Custom error handler takes precedence (backward compatibility)
+        if (errorHandling) {
+            this.errorHandler = errorHandling;
+            if (enableExceptionFilters) {
+                this._logger.warn("Custom errorHandler provided - exception filters are disabled. Remove errorHandler to use exception filters.", "middleware-service");
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        // If exception filters are enabled, wrap the error handler with ExceptionHandlerMiddleware
+        if (enableExceptionFilters && container) {
+            try {
+                const exceptionHandler = new ExceptionHandlerMiddleware(container, undefined, showStackTrace ?? false);
+                this.errorHandler = exceptionHandler.handle;
+            }
+            catch (error) {
+                this._logger.warn(`Failed to enable exception filters: ${error}. Falling back to default error handler.`, "middleware-service");
+                // Fall back to default handler
+                this.errorHandler = (error, req, res, next) => {
+                    defaultErrorHandler(error, res, next, showStackTrace);
+                };
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            // Default error handler
+            this.errorHandler = (error, req, res, next) => {
+                defaultErrorHandler(error, res, next, showStackTrace);
+            };
+        }
+        // Warn if enableExceptionFilters is true but container is not provided
+        if (enableExceptionFilters && !container) {
+            this._logger.warn("enableExceptionFilters is true but container is not provided. Exception filters will not be enabled.", "middleware-service");
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the configured error handler middleware.
+     *
+     * @returns The error handler middleware.
+     */
+    getErrorHandler() {
+        return this.errorHandler;
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // CONTENT NEGOTIATION
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    /**
+     * Configures content negotiation middleware for automatic response format selection.
+     *
+     * @param options - Configuration options for content negotiation
+     * @public API
+     */
+    addContentNegotiation(options) {
+        if (!this.contentNegotiationService) {
+            this.contentNegotiationService = new ContentNegotiationService();
+        }
+        this.contentNegotiationService.configure(options || {});
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the content negotiation service instance.
+     * @returns Content negotiation service or undefined if not configured
+     * @internal
+     */
+    getContentNegotiationService() {
+        return this.contentNegotiationService;
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // VALIDATION
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // Validation Service - will be set by adapter-express
+    validationServiceFactory;
+    /**
+     * Configures validation for automatic request parameter validation.
+     *
+     * @param options - Configuration options for validation
+     * @public API
+     */
+    addValidation(options) {
+        this._validationConfig = options || {};
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the validation configuration.
+     * @internal
+     */
+    getValidationConfig() {
+        return this
+            ._validationConfig;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the validation service factory (called by adapter-express).
+     * @internal
+     */
+    setValidationServiceFactory(factory) {
+        this.validationServiceFactory = factory;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the validation service instance.
+     * @internal
+     */
+    getValidationService() {
+        return this.validationServiceFactory?.();
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // PROFILING
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    /**
+     * Enable middleware profiling to track execution times.
+     *
+     * @param options - Profiler options
+     * @returns The profiler instance
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * const profiler = middleware.enableProfiling();
+     *
+     * // Later, get metrics
+     * const stats = profiler.getStats();
+     * console.log(stats.metrics);
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @public API
+     */
+    enableProfiling(options) {
+        if (!this.profiler) {
+            this.profiler = new MiddlewareProfiler(options);
+        }
+        this.profilingEnabled = true;
+        return this.profiler;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Disable middleware profiling.
+     * @public API
+     */
+    disableProfiling() {
+        this.profilingEnabled = false;
+        if (this.profiler) {
+            this.profiler.setEnabled(false);
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get the profiler instance.
+     * @returns The profiler or null if not enabled
+     * @public API
+     */
+    getProfiler() {
+        return this.profiler;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get profiling metrics for all middleware.
+     *
+     * @returns Array of middleware metrics or empty array if profiling is disabled
+     * @public API
+     */
+    getProfilingMetrics() {
+        return this.profiler?.getAllMetrics() ?? [];
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get profiling statistics.
+     *
+     * @returns Profiler statistics or null if profiling is disabled
+     * @public API
+     */
+    getProfilingStats() {
+        return this.profiler?.getStats() ?? null;
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // HEALTH CHECK
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    /**
+     * Add a health check endpoint that reports middleware status.
+     *
+     * @param options - Health check options
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * middleware.addHealthCheck({
+     *   path: "/health/middleware",
+     *   includeMetrics: true
+     * });
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @public API
+     */
+    addHealthCheck(options) {
+        const path = options?.path ?? "/health/middleware";
+        const healthHandler = (req, res) => {
+            const info = this.getPipelineInfo();
+            const response = {
+                status: "healthy",
+                timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+                middleware: {
+                    total: info.total,
+                    byCategory: info.byCategory,
+                },
+            };
+            if (options?.detailed) {
+                response.middleware = {
+                    ...response.middleware,
+                    entries: info.entries.map((e) => ({
+                        name: e.name,
+                        type: e.type,
+                        category: e.category,
+                        path: e.path,
+                    })),
+                };
+            }
+            if (options?.includeMetrics && this.profiler) {
+                response.metrics = this.profiler.getStats();
+            }
+            res.json(response);
+        };
+        this.addMiddleware({ path, middlewares: [healthHandler] });
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // PIPELINE RETRIEVAL
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    /**
+     * Retrieves middleware pipeline in the order they were added.
+     * Uses cached sorting for performance.
+     *
+     * @returns An array of middleware pipeline entries.
+     */
+    getMiddlewarePipeline() {
+        if (this.sortedPipelineCache) {
+            return this.sortedPipelineCache;
+        }
+        this.sortedPipelineCache = [...this.middlewarePipeline].sort((a, b) => a.order - b.order);
+        return this.sortedPipelineCache;
+    }
+    /**
+     * View middleware pipeline formatted as a table.
+     */
+    viewMiddlewarePipeline() {
+        const sortedMiddlewarePipeline = this.getMiddlewarePipeline();
+        const formattedPipeline = sortedMiddlewarePipeline.map((m) => {
+            const middlewareType = this.getMiddlewareType(m.middleware);
+            if (middlewareType === MiddlewareType.Config) {
+                const middlewareNames = m.middleware.middlewares.map((mw) => mw?.name || "Anonymous");
+                return {
+                    order: m.order,
+                    path: m.middleware.path,
+                    middleware: `[${middlewareNames.join(", ")}]`,
+                };
+            }
+            else if (middlewareType === MiddlewareType.IExpressoMiddleware) {
+                return {
+                    order: m.order,
+                    path: m.middleware.path ?? "Global",
+                    middleware: m.middleware.constructor.name,
+                };
+            }
+            else {
+                return {
+                    order: m.order,
+                    path: "Global",
+                    middleware: m.middleware?.name,
+                };
+            }
+        });
+        console.table(formattedPipeline);
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // VISUAL PIPELINE
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    /**
+     * Get a visual ASCII representation of the middleware pipeline.
+     *
+     * @returns ASCII art diagram of the pipeline
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * console.log(middleware.visualizePipeline());
+     * // ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
+     * // ║                  MIDDLEWARE PIPELINE                        ║
+     * // ╠══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
+     * // ║ 📦 jsonParser                              [parser]         ║
+     * // ║     ↓                                                       ║
+     * // ║ 🔒 cors                                    [security]       ║
+     * // ║     ↓                                                       ║
+     * // ║ 🔒 helmet                                  [security]       ║
+     * // ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @public API
+     */
+    visualizePipeline() {
+        const pipeline = this.getMiddlewarePipeline();
+        const width = 64;
+        const lines = [
+            "╔" + "═".repeat(width) + "╗",
+            "║" +
+                "MIDDLEWARE PIPELINE".padStart((width + 19) / 2).padEnd(width) +
+                "║",
+            "╠" + "═".repeat(width) + "╣",
+        ];
+        if (pipeline.length === 0) {
+            lines.push("║" + "(empty)".padStart((width + 7) / 2).padEnd(width) + "║");
+        }
+        else {
+            for (let i = 0; i < pipeline.length; i++) {
+                const m = pipeline[i];
+                const name = this.getMiddlewareName(m);
+                const category = m.category ?? this.getMiddlewareCategory(name);
+                const icon = CATEGORY_ICONS[category];
+                const categoryLabel = `[${category}]`;
+                const content = `${icon} ${name}`;
+                const contentWithCategory = content.padEnd(width - categoryLabel.length - 2) + categoryLabel;
+                lines.push("║ " + contentWithCategory.padEnd(width - 1) + "║");
+                if (i < pipeline.length - 1) {
+                    lines.push("║" + "    ↓".padEnd(width) + "║");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        lines.push("╚" + "═".repeat(width) + "╝");
+        return lines.join("\n");
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get a compact summary of the middleware pipeline.
+     *
+     * @returns Single-line summary
+     * @public API
+     */
+    getPipelineSummary() {
+        const info = this.getPipelineInfo();
+        const categories = Object.entries(info.byCategory)
+            .filter(([, count]) => count > 0)
+            .map(([cat, count]) => `${CATEGORY_ICONS[cat]}${count}`)
+            .join(" ");
+        return `Middleware: ${info.total} total | ${categories}`;
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // INTROSPECTION METHODS
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    /**
+     * Get structured pipeline info for banner display and introspection.
+     * @returns Middleware pipeline information
+     * @public API
+     */
+    getPipelineInfo() {
+        const sorted = this.getMiddlewarePipeline();
+        const entries = [];
+        const byCategory = {
+            parser: 0,
+            security: 0,
+            logging: 0,
+            validation: 0,
+            error: 0,
+            session: 0,
+            static: 0,
+            other: 0,
+        };
+        sorted.forEach((m, index) => {
+            const name = this.getMiddlewareName(m);
+            const category = m.category || this.getMiddlewareCategory(name, m.isBuiltIn);
+            const path = this.getMiddlewarePath(m);
+            const isBuiltIn = m.isBuiltIn ?? !name.includes("Middleware");
+            entries.push({
+                name,
+                type: isBuiltIn ? "built-in" : "custom",
+                category,
+                order: index,
+                path,
+                middleware: m.middleware,
+            });
+            byCategory[category]++;
+        });
+        return {
+            total: entries.length,
+            entries,
+            byCategory,
+        };
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get a formatted view for banner display.
+     * @param maxDisplay - Maximum number of middleware to show
+     * @returns Formatted middleware view
+     * @public API
+     */
+    getFormattedView(maxDisplay = 6) {
+        const info = this.getPipelineInfo();
+        const entries = info.entries.slice(0, maxDisplay).map((e) => ({
+            name: e.name,
+            category: e.category,
+            type: e.type,
+        }));
+        return {
+            entries,
+            total: info.total,
+            remaining: Math.max(0, info.total - maxDisplay),
+        };
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get middleware count by category.
+     * @returns Record of category to count
+     * @public API
+     */
+    getCountByCategory() {
+        return this.getPipelineInfo().byCategory;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get middleware by name.
+     * @param name - The middleware name
+     * @returns The middleware entry or undefined
+     * @public API
+     */
+    getByName(name) {
+        return this.getPipelineInfo().entries.find((e) => e.name === name);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Remove a middleware from the pipeline by name.
+     *
+     * @param name - The middleware name to remove
+     * @returns True if removed, false if not found
+     * @public API
+     */
+    remove(name) {
+        if (!this.middlewareMap.has(name)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        this.middlewareMap.delete(name);
+        const index = this.middlewarePipeline.findIndex((m) => m.name === name);
+        if (index >= 0) {
+            this.middlewarePipeline.splice(index, 1);
+        }
+        this.invalidateCache();
+        return true;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Clear all middleware from the pipeline.
+     * @public API
+     */
+    clear() {
+        this.middlewarePipeline = [];
+        this.middlewareMap.clear();
+        this.insertionOrder = 0;
+        this.invalidateCache();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get the total number of middleware in the pipeline.
+     * @returns Number of middleware
+     * @public API
+     */
+    count() {
+        return this.middlewarePipeline.length;
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // V4 UNIFIED METHODS
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    /**
+     * Configure request parsing (unified method).
+     * Replaces: addBodyParser, addUrlEncodedParser, addCookieParser
+     */
+    parse(options) {
+        const opts = options || {};
+        // JSON parsing (default: enabled)
+        if (opts.json !== false) {
+            const jsonOpts = typeof opts.json === "object" ? opts.json : { limit: "100kb" };
+            this.addBuiltInMiddleware("jsonParser", "parser", () => json(jsonOpts));
+        }
+        // URL-encoded parsing (default: enabled)
+        if (opts.urlencoded !== false) {
+            const urlencodedOpts = typeof opts.urlencoded === "object"
+                ? opts.urlencoded
+                : { extended: true };
+            this.addBuiltInMiddleware("urlencodedParser", "parser", () => urlencoded(urlencodedOpts));
+        }
+        // Cookie parsing (default: disabled, requires package)
+        if (opts.cookies) {
+            const cookieOpts = typeof opts.cookies === "object" ? opts.cookies : {};
+            this.addBuiltInMiddleware("cookieParser", "parser", () => middlewareResolver("cookieParser", cookieOpts.secret, cookieOpts.options));
+        }
+        this.bufferStartupLog("Request parsing configured");
+    }
+    /**
+     * Configure logging with any implementation.
+     * Replaces: addMorgan
+     */
+    logger(config) {
+        // Skip in test if configured
+        if (config?.disableInTest !== false && process.env.NODE_ENV === "test") {
+            return;
+        }
+        // Custom logger takes precedence
+        if (config?.custom) {
+            const customHandler = config.custom;
+            this.addBuiltInMiddleware("customLogger", "logging", () => customHandler);
+            this.bufferStartupLog("Using custom logger");
+            return;
+        }
+        const implementation = config?.implementation || "auto";
+        const handler = this.resolveLoggerImplementation(implementation, config?.options, config?.skip);
+        if (handler) {
+            const implName = implementation === "auto" ? this.detectBestLogger() : implementation;
+            this.addBuiltInMiddleware(`logger-${implName}`, "logging", () => handler);
+            this.bufferStartupLog(`Using ${implName} logger${implementation === "auto" ? " (auto-detected)" : ""}`);
+        }
+    }
+    // Internal logger getter
+    get loggerInstance() {
+        return this._logger;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Detect the best available logger.
+     */
+    detectBestLogger() {
+        if (isPackageAvailable("pino-http"))
+            return "pino";
+        if (isPackageAvailable("express-winston"))
+            return "winston";
+        if (isMiddlewareAvailable("morgan"))
+            return "morgan";
+        return "console";
+    }
+    /**
+     * Resolve logger implementation.
+     */
+    resolveLoggerImplementation(implementation, options, skip) {
+        const impl = implementation === "auto" ? this.detectBestLogger() : implementation;
+        switch (impl) {
+            case "morgan": {
+                const morganOpts = options;
+                const format = morganOpts?.format || "combined";
+                // Only pass options object if skip is defined to avoid passing undefined
+                if (skip) {
+                    return middlewareResolver("morgan", format, { skip });
+                }
+                return middlewareResolver("morgan", format);
+            }
+            case "pino": {
+                const pino = resolvePackage("pino-http");
+                if (pino) {
+                    return pino(options);
+                }
+                this.bufferStartupLog("pino-http not installed, falling back to morgan", "warn");
+                return this.resolveLoggerImplementation("morgan", options, skip);
+            }
+            case "winston": {
+                const winston = resolvePackage("express-winston");
+                if (winston?.logger) {
+                    return winston.logger(options);
+                }
+                this.bufferStartupLog("express-winston not installed, falling back to morgan", "warn");
+                return this.resolveLoggerImplementation("morgan", options, skip);
+            }
+            case "console": {
+                // Simple console logger
+                const handler = (req, _res, next) => {
+                    console.log(`[${new Date().toISOString()}] ${req.method} ${req.url}`);
+                    next();
+                };
+                return handler;
+            }
+            default:
+                return null;
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Unified security configuration.
+     * Replaces: addHelmet, addCors, addRateLimiter
+     */
+    security(config) {
+        // Handle preset strings
+        const secConfig = typeof config === "string"
+            ? this.getSecurityPreset(config)
+            : config || this.getSecurityPreset("standard");
+        // Helmet/security headers
+        if (secConfig.headers !== false) {
+            const helmetOpts = typeof secConfig.headers === "object" ? secConfig.headers : {};
+            this.addBuiltInMiddleware("helmet", "security", () => middlewareResolver("helmet", helmetOpts));
+        }
+        // CORS
+        if (secConfig.cors !== false) {
+            const corsOpts = typeof secConfig.cors === "object" ? secConfig.cors : { origin: true };
+            this.addBuiltInMiddleware("cors", "security", () => middlewareResolver("cors", corsOpts));
+        }
+        // Rate limiting
+        if (secConfig.rateLimit) {
+            const rateLimitOpts = typeof secConfig.rateLimit === "object"
+                ? secConfig.rateLimit
+                : { windowMs: 60000, max: 100 };
+            this.addBuiltInMiddleware("rateLimit", "security", () => middlewareResolver("rateLimit", rateLimitOpts));
+        }
+        // Custom security middleware
+        if (secConfig.custom) {
+            for (const middleware of secConfig.custom) {
+                this.addMiddleware(middleware);
+            }
+        }
+        this.bufferStartupLog("Security configured");
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get security preset configuration.
+     */
+    getSecurityPreset(preset) {
+        const presets = {
+            standard: {
+                headers: "helmet",
+                cors: true,
+                rateLimit: false,
+            },
+            strict: {
+                headers: "helmet",
+                cors: { origin: false, credentials: true },
+                rateLimit: { windowMs: 60000, max: 60 },
+            },
+            api: {
+                headers: "helmet",
+                cors: {
+                    origin: true,
+                    credentials: true,
+                    methods: ["GET", "POST", "PUT", "PATCH", "DELETE", "OPTIONS"],
+                    allowedHeaders: ["Content-Type", "Authorization", "X-Requested-With"],
+                },
+                rateLimit: { windowMs: 60000, max: 100 },
+            },
+            minimal: {
+                headers: false,
+                cors: true,
+                rateLimit: false,
+            },
+            relaxed: {
+                headers: false,
+                cors: { origin: true },
+                rateLimit: false,
+            },
+        };
+        return presets[preset] || presets.standard;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Configure compression.
+     * Replaces: addCompression
+     */
+    compress(config) {
+        const impl = config?.implementation || "auto";
+        let handler = null;
+        if (impl === "auto") {
+            // Try shrink-ray first, then compression
+            if (isPackageAvailable("shrink-ray-current")) {
+                const shrinkRay = resolvePackage("shrink-ray-current");
+                if (shrinkRay) {
+                    handler = shrinkRay(config);
+                    this.bufferStartupLog("Using shrink-ray compression (auto-detected)");
+                }
+            }
+            if (!handler) {
+                handler = middlewareResolver("compression", config);
+                if (handler) {
+                    this.bufferStartupLog("Using compression (auto-detected)");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else if (impl === "shrink-ray") {
+            const shrinkRay = resolvePackage("shrink-ray-current");
+            if (shrinkRay) {
+                handler = shrinkRay(config);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            handler = middlewareResolver("compression", config);
+        }
+        if (handler) {
+            this.addBuiltInMiddleware("compression", "other", () => handler);
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Unified session management.
+     * Replaces: addSession, addCookieSession
+     */
+    session(config) {
+        switch (config.type) {
+            case "cookie": {
+                // Use cookie-session
+                const cookieSessionOpts = {
+                    name: config.name || "session",
+                    secret: config.secret,
+                    keys: config.keys || [
+                        typeof config.secret === "string"
+                            ? config.secret
+                            : config.secret[0],
+                    ],
+                    ...config.cookie,
+                };
+                this.addBuiltInMiddleware("cookieSession", "session", () => middlewareResolver("cookieSession", cookieSessionOpts));
+                break;
+            }
+            case "store": {
+                // Use express-session
+                const sessionOpts = {
+                    secret: config.secret,
+                    name: config.name,
+                    store: config.store,
+                    resave: config.resave ?? false,
+                    saveUninitialized: config.saveUninitialized ?? false,
+                    rolling: config.rolling,
+                    cookie: config.cookie,
+                };
+                this.addBuiltInMiddleware("session", "session", () => middlewareResolver("session", sessionOpts));
+                break;
+            }
+            case "jwt": {
+                // JWT session - minimal implementation
+                this.bufferStartupLog("JWT sessions require custom implementation. Use Middleware.add() with your JWT middleware.", "warn");
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Enhanced file upload handling.
+     * Configures global upload settings and returns upload handlers.
+     *
+     * When called, this stores the configuration globally so that
+     * @FileUpload decorators can use these settings as defaults.
+     *
+     * @param config - Upload configuration
+     * @returns Upload handler with single, array, fields, any, none methods
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```typescript
+     * // In app.ts - configure globally
+     * this.Middleware.upload({
+     *   destination: './uploads',
+     *   limits: { fileSize: 10 * 1024 * 1024 }
+     * });
+     *
+     * // In controller - @FileUpload uses global config
+     * @FileUpload({ fieldName: 'avatar' })
+     * uploadAvatar(req: Request) { }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @public API
+     */
+    upload(config) {
+        // Store configuration globally for @FileUpload decorator
+        if (config) {
+            setGlobalUploadConfig(config);
+            this.bufferStartupLog("Upload configured");
+        }
+        const multerOpts = {
+            dest: config?.destination,
+            limits: config?.limits,
+        };
+        if (config?.fileFilter) {
+            const userFilter = config.fileFilter;
+            multerOpts.fileFilter = (_req, file, cb) => {
+                try {
+                    const result = userFilter(file);
+                    if (result instanceof Promise) {
+                        result
+                            .then((accepted) => cb(null, accepted))
+                            .catch((err) => cb(err));
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        cb(null, result);
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (err) {
+                    cb(err);
+                }
+            };
+        }
+        const multerInstance = this.setupMulter(multerOpts);
+        return {
+            single: (fieldName) => multerInstance.single(fieldName),
+            array: (fieldName, maxCount) => multerInstance.array(fieldName, maxCount),
+            fields: (fields) => multerInstance.fields(fields),
+            any: () => multerInstance.any(),
+            none: () => multerInstance.none(),
+        };
+    }
+    /**
+     * Enhanced static file serving.
+     * Replaces: serveStatic, addServeFavicon
+     */
+    static(config) {
+        const configs = Array.isArray(config) ? config : [config];
+        for (const cfg of configs) {
+            if (typeof cfg === "string") {
+                // Simple path string
+                this.serveStatic(cfg);
+            }
+            else {
+                // Full config object
+                const staticOpts = {
+                    maxAge: cfg.maxAge,
+                    etag: cfg.etag,
+                    index: cfg.spa ? false : cfg.index,
+                    ...cfg.options,
+                };
+                if (cfg.prefix) {
+                    // Route-specific static serving
+                    this.addMiddleware({
+                        path: cfg.prefix,
+                        middlewares: [expressStatic(cfg.path, staticOpts)],
+                    });
+                }
+                else {
+                    this.serveStatic(cfg.path, staticOpts);
+                }
+                // SPA support - serve index.html for all non-file routes
+                if (cfg.spa) {
+                    const indexPath = cfg.index || "index.html";
+                    const spaHandler = (_req, res, next) => {
+                        const filePath = `${cfg.path}/${indexPath}`;
+                        res.sendFile(filePath, { root: process.cwd() }, (err) => {
+                            if (err)
+                                next(err);
+                        });
+                    };
+                    this.addBuiltInMiddleware("spa-fallback", "static", () => spaHandler);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // V4 MIDDLEWARE REGISTRY
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    /**
+     * Register a named middleware for use in routes.
+     */
+    register(name, handler) {
+        this.registry.register(name, handler);
+        // Track registered names for summary (no individual logging)
+        this.registeredMiddlewareNames.push(name);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get a registered middleware by name.
+     */
+    get(name) {
+        return this.registry.get(name);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Check if a middleware is registered.
+     */
+    has(name) {
+        return this.registry.has(name);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get all registered middleware names.
+     */
+    getRegisteredNames() {
+        return this.registry.getRegisteredNames();
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // V4 PRESET SYSTEM
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    /**
+     * Define a custom reusable preset.
+     */
+    definePreset(name, config) {
+        this.customPresets.set(name, config);
+        this.bufferStartupLog(`Defined custom preset: ${name}`);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Apply a preset configuration.
+     */
+    applyPreset(preset, overrides) {
+        const config = this.getPresetConfig(preset);
+        if (!config) {
+            this.loggerInstance.error(`Preset '${preset}' not found. Available: ${this.getAvailablePresetNames().join(", ")}`, "middleware");
+            return;
+        }
+        // Merge with overrides
+        const finalConfig = overrides
+            ? this.mergeConfigs(config, overrides)
+            : config;
+        this._lastPreset = {
+            name: preset,
+            hasOverrides: !!overrides,
+            config: finalConfig,
+        };
+        // Apply each category
+        if (finalConfig.parse) {
+            if (typeof finalConfig.parse === "boolean") {
+                this.parse();
+            }
+            else {
+                this.parse(finalConfig.parse);
+            }
+        }
+        if (finalConfig.logger) {
+            if (typeof finalConfig.logger === "boolean") {
+                this.logger();
+            }
+            else {
+                this.logger(finalConfig.logger);
+            }
+        }
+        if (finalConfig.security) {
+            if (typeof finalConfig.security === "boolean") {
+                this.security();
+            }
+            else {
+                this.security(finalConfig.security);
+            }
+        }
+        if (finalConfig.compress) {
+            if (typeof finalConfig.compress === "boolean") {
+                this.compress();
+            }
+            else {
+                this.compress(finalConfig.compress);
+            }
+        }
+        if (finalConfig.session) {
+            this.session(finalConfig.session);
+        }
+        if (finalConfig.static) {
+            this.static(finalConfig.static);
+        }
+        this.bufferStartupLog(`Applied preset: ${preset}`);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get all available presets.
+     */
+    getAllPresets() {
+        const builtIn = this.getBuiltInPresets();
+        const custom = Object.fromEntries(this.customPresets);
+        return { ...builtIn, ...custom };
+    }
+    /**
+     * Returns info about the last applied preset (name, whether overrides
+     * were used, and the effective merged config). Used by the adapter to
+     * forward preset metadata to Studio.
+     */
+    getLastAppliedPreset() {
+        return this._lastPreset;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get built-in presets.
+     *
+     * Each preset is tuned for a specific workload:
+     * - api: REST APIs (large payloads, rate-limited, strict CORS)
+     * - web: traditional server-rendered apps (cookies, sessions, relaxed CORS)
+     * - spa: single-page apps served with static fallback
+     * - microservice: internal service-to-service (minimal surface, no security)
+     * - graphql: single endpoint with large JSON payloads
+     * - minimal: parsing only, no security or compression
+     * - development: relaxed for local iteration, verbose logging
+     * - production: hardened defaults for shipped deployments
+     */
+    getBuiltInPresets() {
+        return {
+            api: {
+                parse: {
+                    json: { limit: "10mb" },
+                    urlencoded: { extended: true, limit: "10mb" },
+                },
+                logger: { implementation: "auto" },
+                security: "api",
+                compress: { level: 6 },
+            },
+            web: {
+                parse: {
+                    json: { limit: "5mb" },
+                    urlencoded: { extended: true, limit: "5mb" },
+                    cookies: true,
+                },
+                logger: { implementation: "auto" },
+                security: "standard",
+                compress: true,
+            },
+            spa: {
+                parse: {
+                    json: { limit: "5mb" },
+                    urlencoded: { extended: true, limit: "5mb" },
+                },
+                security: "standard",
+                compress: true,
+            },
+            microservice: {
+                parse: {
+                    json: { limit: "1mb" },
+                    urlencoded: { extended: false, limit: "1mb" },
+                },
+                compress: { level: 6 },
+            },
+            graphql: {
+                parse: { json: { limit: "50mb" } },
+                security: {
+                    headers: "helmet",
+                    cors: { origin: true, methods: ["GET", "POST", "OPTIONS"] },
+                },
+                compress: true,
+            },
+            minimal: {
+                parse: true,
+            },
+            development: {
+                parse: {
+                    json: { limit: "50mb" },
+                    urlencoded: { extended: true, limit: "50mb" },
+                },
+                logger: { implementation: "morgan", options: { format: "dev" } },
+                security: "relaxed",
+            },
+            production: {
+                parse: {
+                    json: { limit: "10mb" },
+                    urlencoded: { extended: true, limit: "10mb" },
+                },
+                logger: { implementation: "auto", disableInTest: true },
+                security: "strict",
+                compress: { level: 6 },
+            },
+        };
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get preset config by name.
+     */
+    getPresetConfig(name) {
+        return this.customPresets.get(name) || this.getBuiltInPresets()[name];
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get available preset names.
+     */
+    getAvailablePresetNames() {
+        return [
+            ...Object.keys(this.getBuiltInPresets()),
+            ...this.customPresets.keys(),
+        ];
+    }
+    /**
+     * Merge two configs.
+     */
+    mergeConfigs(base, override) {
+        return {
+            ...base,
+            ...override,
+            // Deep merge for nested objects
+            parse: override.parse !== undefined
+                ? typeof override.parse === "object" && typeof base.parse === "object"
+                    ? { ...base.parse, ...override.parse }
+                    : override.parse
+                : base.parse,
+            logger: override.logger !== undefined
+                ? typeof override.logger === "object" &&
+                    typeof base.logger === "object"
+                    ? { ...base.logger, ...override.logger }
+                    : override.logger
+                : base.logger,
+            security: override.security !== undefined ? override.security : base.security,
+            compress: override.compress !== undefined ? override.compress : base.compress,
+            session: override.session !== undefined ? override.session : base.session,
+            static: override.static !== undefined ? override.static : base.static,
+        };
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // V4 ADVANCED FEATURES
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    /**
+     * Conditional middleware application.
+     */
+    when(condition, handler) {
+        const shouldApply = typeof condition === "function" ? condition() : condition;
+        if (shouldApply) {
+            if (typeof handler === "function" && handler.length === 0) {
+                // It's a callback function, execute it
+                handler();
+            }
+            else {
+                // It's a middleware handler
+                this.addMiddleware(handler);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Auto-optimize middleware pipeline.
+     */
+    optimize(config) {
+        if (config?.autoReorder) {
+            this.reorderForPerformance();
+        }
+        if (config?.metrics) {
+            this.enableProfiling();
+        }
+        this.bufferStartupLog("Middleware pipeline optimized");
+    }
+    /**
+     * Reorder middleware for optimal performance.
+     */
+    reorderForPerformance() {
+        // Priority order: security first, then parsers, then logging, then others
+        const priorityOrder = {
+            security: 1,
+            parser: 2,
+            logging: 3,
+            session: 4,
+            validation: 5,
+            static: 6,
+            other: 7,
+            error: 100, // Error handlers go last
+        };
+        this.middlewarePipeline.sort((a, b) => {
+            const priorityA = priorityOrder[a.category] || 50;
+            const priorityB = priorityOrder[b.category] || 50;
+            if (priorityA !== priorityB) {
+                return priorityA - priorityB;
+            }
+            return a.order - b.order;
+        });
+        this.invalidateCache();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Analyze middleware pipeline.
+     */
+    analyze() {
+        const info = this.getPipelineInfo();
+        const issues = [];
+        const bottlenecks = [];
+        // Check for common issues
+        if (!this.middlewareExists("jsonParser")) {
+            issues.push("No JSON body parser configured");
+        }
+        if (!this.middlewareExists("compression") &&
+            process.env.NODE_ENV === "production") {
+            issues.push("Compression not enabled in production");
+        }
+        if (!this.middlewareExists("rateLimit") &&
+            process.env.NODE_ENV === "production") {
+            issues.push("Rate limiting not enabled in production");
+        }
+        // Identify potential bottlenecks
+        if (this.profilingEnabled && this.profiler) {
+            const metrics = this.profiler.getAllMetrics();
+            for (const metric of metrics) {
+                if (metric.avgExecutionMs > 50) {
+                    bottlenecks.push(`${metric.name}: avg ${metric.avgExecutionMs.toFixed(2)}ms`);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return {
+            count: info.total,
+            estimatedOverhead: info.total * 0.1, // Rough estimate: 0.1ms per middleware
+            order: info.entries.map((e) => ({
+                name: e.name,
+                category: e.category,
+                isBuiltIn: e.type === "built-in",
+            })),
+            issues,
+            bottlenecks,
+        };
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get recommendations for improvement.
+     */
+    getRecommendations() {
+        const recommendations = [];
+        const analysis = this.analyze();
+        // Check compression
+        if (!this.middlewareExists("compression")) {
+            recommendations.push({
+                type: "performance",
+                severity: "medium",
+                message: "Compression is not enabled. Responses can be 60-80% smaller.",
+                action: "this.Middleware.compress()",
+            });
+        }
+        // Check rate limiting in production
+        if (!this.middlewareExists("rateLimit") &&
+            process.env.NODE_ENV === "production") {
+            recommendations.push({
+                type: "security",
+                severity: "high",
+                message: "Rate limiting not enabled in production. API is vulnerable to abuse.",
+                action: "this.Middleware.security({ rateLimit: true })",
+            });
+        }
+        // Check helmet in production
+        if (!this.middlewareExists("helmet") &&
+            process.env.NODE_ENV === "production") {
+            recommendations.push({
+                type: "security",
+                severity: "high",
+                message: "Security headers (Helmet) not enabled in production.",
+                action: "this.Middleware.security('standard')",
+            });
+        }
+        // Check for issues
+        for (const issue of analysis.issues) {
+            recommendations.push({
+                type: "best-practice",
+                severity: "low",
+                message: issue,
+            });
+        }
+        return recommendations;
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // V4 ALIAS: add() for addMiddleware()
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    /**
+     * Add custom middleware to global pipeline.
+     * Alias for addMiddleware() with shorter name.
+     */
+    add(middleware) {
+        this.addMiddleware(middleware);
+    }
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // V4 RENDER ENGINE
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    /** Render service instance (lazy initialized) */
+    renderService = null;
+    /** Express app reference for render service */
+    expressApp = null;
+    /**
+     * Set the Express app reference for render service initialization.
+     * Called internally by AppExpress.
+     * @internal
+     */
+    setExpressApp(app) {
+        this.expressApp = app;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Configure view rendering with unified API.
+     * Supports traditional engines (EJS, Pug, Handlebars) and modern frameworks (React, Vue, Svelte).
+     *
+     * @param config - Render configuration or preset name
+     */
+    async render(config) {
+        if (!this.expressApp) {
+            throw new Error("Express app not available. render() must be called within configureServices().");
+        }
+        // Lazy import to avoid circular dependencies.
+        // The `.js` extension is required by NodeNext for ESM consumers; the
+        // CJS build also accepts it (TypeScript rewrites unchanged).
+        const { RenderService } = await import("../render/render-service.js");
+        if (!this.renderService) {
+            this.renderService = new RenderService(this.expressApp);
+        }
+        await this.renderService.configure(config || {});
+        // Buffer startup log
+        const engine = this.renderService.getActiveEngine().name;
+        this.bufferStartupLog(`Render engine configured: ${engine}`, "info");
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get the render service instance.
+     *
+     * @returns Render service or null if not configured
+     */
+    getRenderService() {
+        return this.renderService;
+    }
+}