@evolu/common 8.7.0 → 8.8.0

package/dist/src/Assert.js

@@ -1,143 +1,435 @@
 /**
- * Runtime assertions for invariants and value checks.
+ * Platform-agnostic assertions for invariants, examples, and tests.
+ *
+ * An assertion documents a condition required for the program to be correct.
+ * Ideally, the type system should enforce it so incorrect code cannot compile,
+ * but that is not always possible (not even in Rust). A runtime assertion
+ * failure therefore indicates a bug that must be fixed. Throwing at the point
+ * of violation prevents invalid state from propagating and makes the defect
+ * easier to diagnose.
+ *
+ * Evolu provides its own assertions so the same concise API works for
+ * production invariants, executable examples, and tests on every platform. The
+ * general {@link assert} requires a message explaining the invariant, and
+ * specialized assertions provide focused diagnostics and narrowing. The API
+ * deliberately favors strict and predictable contracts: one {@link assertEqual}
+ * covers primitives and structural Data comparisons, {@link assertEqualBytes}
+ * compares bytes across array representations, and {@link assertSame} is
+ * reserved for SameValue or reference identity. Generic partial structural
+ * assertions such as `assertMatches` are omitted so unmentioned state cannot
+ * hide regressions. If a complete expected value is too large to keep inline,
+ * use a fixture or a focused domain helper that keeps the contract explicit.
+ * {@link assertOk} and {@link assertErr} provide convenient Result narrowing,
+ * while {@link assertType} provides runtime Type assertions and compile-time
+ * type equality similar to Vitest's `expectTypeOf` without requiring a test
+ * runner. {@link assertThrows} and {@link assertRejects} verify thrown and
+ * rejected values without matcher semantics. Together, these assertions keep
+ * documentation examples concise and directly copyable.
+ *
+ * In Node.js, failures use the native `AssertionError` for structured
+ * diagnostics and diffs. Other platforms use a compatible fallback. You should
+ * not need to import Node.js assertions unless Evolu does not provide an
+ * equivalent or a test requires exact Node.js semantics.
+ *
+ * Do not use assertions to validate external input. Use a {@link Type}
+ * declaration's `fromUnknown` so invalid input is represented by a typed
+ * {@link Result}.
+ *
+ * TODO(next major): Add a separate production build that replaces full
+ * assertion messages with numeric error codes and a decoder, following React's
+ * approach, to reduce the core bundle size since Evolu has many assertions.
  *
  * @module
  */
-import { eqData, eqStrict } from "./Eq.js";
+import { eqArrayNumber, eqData, eqSameValue } from "./Eq.js";
 /**
- * Ensures a condition is true, throwing an error with the provided message if
- * not.
+ * Asserts that a condition is truthy.
  *
- * Prevents invalid states from propagating through the system by halting
- * execution when a condition fails, improving reliability and debuggability.
+ * Throws an `AssertionError` with the provided message if the condition is
+ * falsy, preventing invalid state from propagating and making the failure
+ * easier to diagnose.
  *
- * Do not use this instead of {@link Type}. Assertions are intended when a
- * condition is logically guaranteed to be true but TypeScript cannot prove it,
- * or for catching and signaling developer mistakes eagerly.
+ * Use `assert` only when a more specific assertion, such as {@link assertTrue}
+ * or {@link assertEqual}, does not apply. For that reason, `assert` requires a
+ * custom message explaining the expected condition.
+ *
+ * Options provide structured diagnostics for custom assertions. Pass an
+ * underlying failure as `cause` when it explains why the asserted condition
+ * failed, and pass the custom assertion as `stackStartFn` to omit its
+ * implementation from the stack trace.
  *
  * ### Example
  *
  * ```ts
- * import { assert, assertEqual, assertErr, trySync } from "@evolu/common";
+ * import { assert, assertEqual, assertType } from "@evolu/common";
  *
- * assert(true, "Expected true.");
- * const result = trySync(() => assert(false, "Expected true."));
- * assertErr(result);
- * assert(result.error instanceof Error, "Expected an Error.");
- * assertEqual(result.error.message, "Expected true.");
+ * const value: unknown = "Evolu";
+ * assert(typeof value === "string", "Expected a string.");
+ *
+ * assertType<typeof value, string>();
+ * assertEqual(value, "Evolu");
  * ```
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
  */
-export const assert = (condition, message) => {
+export const assert = (condition, message, options = {}) => {
     // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/strict-boolean-expressions -- JavaScript truthiness is the contract of assert.
-    if (!condition) {
-        throw new Error(message);
+    if (condition)
+        return;
+    const actual = Object.hasOwn(options, "actual") ? options.actual : condition;
+    const expected = Object.hasOwn(options, "expected") ? options.expected : true;
+    const operator = options.operator ?? "==";
+    const stackStartFn = options.stackStartFn ?? assert;
+    if (NodeAssert !== undefined) {
+        const error = new NodeAssert.AssertionError({
+            message,
+            actual,
+            expected,
+            operator: options.diff === "full" ? "deepStrictEqual" : operator,
+            diff: options.diff,
+            stackStartFn,
+        });
+        if (options.diff === "full") {
+            error.operator = operator;
+        }
+        if (options.cause !== undefined) {
+            Object.defineProperty(error, "cause", {
+                configurable: true,
+                value: options.cause,
+                writable: true,
+            });
+        }
+        throw error;
     }
+    const error = Object.assign(new Error(message, options.cause === undefined ? undefined : { cause: options.cause }), {
+        name: "AssertionError",
+        code: "ERR_ASSERTION",
+        actual,
+        expected,
+        generatedMessage: false,
+        operator,
+    });
+    Error.captureStackTrace?.(error, stackStartFn);
+    throw error;
 };
+// Node.js generates assertion diffs inside its AssertionError constructor; the
+// test runner does not derive them from actual and expected metadata alone. Use
+// the native constructor when available and the portable fallback elsewhere.
+const NodeAssert = globalThis.process?.getBuiltinModule?.("node:assert/strict");
+export function assertTrue(value) {
+    assert(value === true, "Expected true.", {
+        actual: value,
+        expected: true,
+        operator: "strictEqual",
+        stackStartFn: assertTrue,
+    });
+}
 /**
- * Asserts that two values are the same according to {@link eqStrict}.
+ * Asserts that a value is exactly `false` and narrows it to `false`.
  *
- * `eqStrict` uses SameValue equality: it considers `NaN` the same as itself,
- * distinguishes `0` from `-0`, and compares objects by reference identity.
+ * Unlike {@link assert}, this checks an exact boolean value instead of falsiness
+ * and does not require a custom message.
  *
  * ### Example
  *
  * ```ts
- * import { assertSame, assertType } from "@evolu/common";
+ * import { assertFalse, assertType } from "@evolu/common";
  *
- * interface User {
- *   readonly name: string;
- * }
+ * const value: unknown = false;
+ * assertFalse(value);
+ * assertType<typeof value, false>();
+ * ```
  *
- * const user: User = { name: "Ada" };
- * const value: unknown = user;
+ * @group Assertions
+ */
+export const assertFalse = (value) => {
+    assert(value === false, "Expected false.", {
+        actual: value,
+        expected: false,
+        operator: "strictEqual",
+        stackStartFn: assertFalse,
+    });
+};
+/**
+ * Asserts that a condition becomes true after exactly the specified number of
+ * microtasks.
  *
- * assertSame(value, user);
- * assertType<User, typeof value>();
+ * Use this in tests that intentionally specify async scheduling behavior.
+ * Application code must not depend on exact microtask counts. Maintainers
+ * should review count changes because they indicate that an async pipeline
+ * changed.
+ *
+ * ### Example
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { assertConditionAfterMicrotasks } from "@evolu/common";
+ *
+ * let ready = false;
+ * queueMicrotask(() => {
+ *   ready = true;
+ * });
+ *
+ * await assertConditionAfterMicrotasks(() => ready, 1);
  * ```
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
  */
-export const assertSame = (actual, expected) => {
-    assert(eqStrict(actual, expected), "Expected values to be the same.");
+export const assertConditionAfterMicrotasks = async (condition, expectedMicrotaskCount) => {
+    for (let microtaskCount = 0; microtaskCount < expectedMicrotaskCount; microtaskCount++) {
+        const actual = condition();
+        assert(!actual, `Expected condition to be false after ${microtaskCount} microtasks.`, {
+            actual,
+            expected: false,
+            operator: "strictEqual",
+            stackStartFn: assertConditionAfterMicrotasks,
+        });
+        await Promise.resolve();
+    }
+    const actual = condition();
+    assert(actual, `Expected condition to be true after exactly ${expectedMicrotaskCount} microtasks.`, {
+        actual,
+        expected: true,
+        operator: "strictEqual",
+        stackStartFn: assertConditionAfterMicrotasks,
+    });
 };
+export function assertThrows(run, expectedOrAssert) {
+    const thrown = captureThrown(run, assertThrows);
+    if (typeof expectedOrAssert === "function") {
+        const result = expectedOrAssert(thrown);
+        assert(result === undefined, "Expected the thrown value assertion to return undefined.", {
+            actual: result,
+            expected: undefined,
+            operator: "strictEqual",
+            stackStartFn: assertThrows,
+        });
+        return;
+    }
+    assert(eqUnknown(thrown, expectedOrAssert), "Expected the thrown value to equal the expected value.", {
+        actual: thrown,
+        expected: expectedOrAssert,
+        operator: "eqData",
+        diff: "full",
+        stackStartFn: assertThrows,
+    });
+}
 /**
- * Asserts that a value is exactly `true` and narrows it to `true`.
+ * Asserts that a function throws the same value using `Object.is`.
  *
- * Unlike {@link assert}, this checks an exact boolean value instead of
- * truthiness and does not require a custom message.
+ * Use this to verify that a thrown value was propagated unchanged. For value
+ * comparisons, use {@link assertThrows}.
  *
  * ### Example
  *
  * ```ts
- * import { assertTrue, assertType } from "@evolu/common";
+ * import { assertThrowsSame } from "@evolu/common";
  *
- * const value: unknown = true;
- * assertTrue(value);
- * assertType<true, typeof value>();
+ * const expected = new Error("Unavailable.");
+ * assertThrowsSame(() => {
+ *   throw expected;
+ * }, expected);
  * ```
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
  */
-export const assertTrue = (value) => {
-    assert(value === true, "Expected true.");
+export const assertThrowsSame = (run, expected) => {
+    const thrown = captureThrown(run, assertThrowsSame);
+    assert(eqSameValue(thrown, expected), "Expected the thrown value to be the same as the expected value.", {
+        actual: thrown,
+        expected,
+        operator: "strictEqual",
+        stackStartFn: assertThrowsSame,
+    });
 };
 /**
- * Asserts that a value is exactly `false` and narrows it to `false`.
+ * Asserts that a function throws an instance of a constructor.
  *
- * Unlike {@link assert}, this checks an exact boolean value instead of falsiness
- * and does not require a custom message.
+ * Returns the narrowed instance so additional properties can be asserted
+ * without running the function again.
  *
  * ### Example
  *
  * ```ts
- * import { assertFalse, assertType } from "@evolu/common";
+ * import { assertEqual, assertThrowsInstanceOf } from "@evolu/common";
  *
- * const value: unknown = false;
- * assertFalse(value);
- * assertType<false, typeof value>();
+ * const error = assertThrowsInstanceOf(() => {
+ *   throw new TypeError("Expected a string.");
+ * }, TypeError);
+ * assertEqual(error.message, "Expected a string.");
  * ```
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
  */
-export const assertFalse = (value) => {
-    assert(value === false, "Expected false.");
+export const assertThrowsInstanceOf = (run, constructor) => {
+    const thrown = captureThrown(run, assertThrowsInstanceOf);
+    assert(thrown instanceof constructor, constructor.name === ""
+        ? "Expected the thrown value to be an instance of the provided constructor."
+        : `Expected the thrown value to be an instance of ${constructor.name}.`, {
+        actual: thrown,
+        expected: constructor,
+        operator: "instanceof",
+        stackStartFn: assertThrowsInstanceOf,
+    });
+    return thrown;
 };
-export function assertEqual(actual, expected) {
-    assert(eqData(actual, expected), "Expected values to be equal.");
-}
-export function assertOk(result, ...comparison) {
-    assert(result.ok, "Expected an Ok result.");
-    if (comparison.length === 0)
-        return;
-    const expectedValue = comparison[0];
-    const eq = comparison[1] ?? eqData;
-    assert(eq(result.value, expectedValue), "Expected the value to equal the expected value.");
-}
-export function assertErr(result, ...comparison) {
-    assert(!result.ok, "Expected an Err result.");
-    if (comparison.length === 0)
+const captureThrown = (run, stackStartFn) => {
+    let value;
+    try {
+        value = run();
+    }
+    catch (error) {
+        return error;
+    }
+    assert(false, "Expected function to throw.", {
+        actual: value,
+        expected: "throw",
+        operator: "throws",
+        stackStartFn,
+    });
+};
+export async function assertRejects(promise, expectedOrAssert) {
+    const rejected = await captureRejected(promise, assertRejects);
+    if (typeof expectedOrAssert === "function") {
+        const result = expectedOrAssert(rejected);
+        assert(result === undefined, "Expected the rejection assertion to return undefined.", {
+            actual: result,
+            expected: undefined,
+            operator: "strictEqual",
+            stackStartFn: assertRejects,
+        });
         return;
-    const expectedError = comparison[0];
-    const eq = comparison[1] ?? eqData;
-    assert(eq(result.error, expectedError), "Expected the error to equal the expected error.");
+    }
+    assert(eqUnknown(rejected, expectedOrAssert), "Expected the rejection reason to equal the expected value.", {
+        actual: rejected,
+        expected: expectedOrAssert,
+        operator: "eqData",
+        diff: "full",
+        stackStartFn: assertRejects,
+    });
 }
+/**
+ * Asserts that a promise rejects with the same value using `Object.is`.
+ *
+ * Use this to verify that a rejection reason was propagated unchanged. For
+ * value comparisons, use {@link assertRejects}.
+ *
+ * ### Example
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { assertRejectsSame } from "@evolu/common";
+ *
+ * const expected = new Error("Unavailable.");
+ * await assertRejectsSame(Promise.reject(expected), expected);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
+ */
+export const assertRejectsSame = async (promise, expected) => {
+    const rejected = await captureRejected(promise, assertRejectsSame);
+    assert(eqSameValue(rejected, expected), "Expected the rejection reason to be the same as the expected value.", {
+        actual: rejected,
+        expected,
+        operator: "strictEqual",
+        stackStartFn: assertRejectsSame,
+    });
+};
+/**
+ * Asserts that a promise rejects with an instance of a constructor.
+ *
+ * Returns the narrowed instance so additional properties can be asserted.
+ *
+ * ### Example
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { assertEqual, assertRejectsInstanceOf } from "@evolu/common";
+ *
+ * const error = await assertRejectsInstanceOf(
+ *   Promise.reject(new TypeError("Unavailable.")),
+ *   TypeError,
+ * );
+ * assertEqual(error.message, "Unavailable.");
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
+ */
+export const assertRejectsInstanceOf = async (promise, constructor) => {
+    const rejected = await captureRejected(promise, assertRejectsInstanceOf);
+    assert(rejected instanceof constructor, constructor.name === ""
+        ? "Expected the rejection reason to be an instance of the provided constructor."
+        : `Expected the rejection reason to be an instance of ${constructor.name}.`, {
+        actual: rejected,
+        expected: constructor,
+        operator: "instanceof",
+        stackStartFn: assertRejectsInstanceOf,
+    });
+    return rejected;
+};
+const captureRejected = async (promise, stackStartFn) => {
+    let value;
+    try {
+        value = await promise;
+    }
+    catch (error) {
+        return error;
+    }
+    assert(false, "Expected promise to reject.", {
+        actual: value,
+        expected: "rejection",
+        operator: "rejects",
+        stackStartFn,
+    });
+};
+/**
+ * Asserts that a value is an instance of a constructor and narrows it.
+ *
+ * ### Example
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { assertInstanceOf, assertType } from "@evolu/common";
+ *
+ * const value: unknown = new TypeError("Invalid value.");
+ * assertInstanceOf(value, TypeError);
+ * assertType<typeof value, TypeError>();
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
+ */
+export const assertInstanceOf = (value, constructor) => {
+    assert(value instanceof constructor, constructor.name === ""
+        ? "Expected an instance of the provided constructor."
+        : `Expected an instance of ${constructor.name}.`, {
+        actual: value,
+        expected: constructor,
+        operator: "instanceof",
+        stackStartFn: assertInstanceOf,
+    });
+};
 /**
  * Asserts that a value is non-nullable.
  *
  * Following TypeScript's {@link NonNullable}, non-nullable here means neither
- * null nor undefined. Use this when a value is logically guaranteed to be
- * non-nullable but TypeScript cannot prove it.
+ * null nor undefined.
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
  */
 export const assertNonNullable = (value, message = "Expected value to be non-nullable.") => {
-    assert(value != null, message);
+    assert(value != null, message, {
+        actual: value,
+        expected: null,
+        operator: "!=",
+        stackStartFn: assertNonNullable,
+    });
 };
 /**
  * Asserts that a value is not null while preserving undefined.
  *
- * Use this when a value is logically guaranteed not to be null but TypeScript
- * cannot prove it.
- *
  * ### Example
  *
  * ```ts
  * import {
- *   assert,
  *   assertEqual,
  *   assertErr,
+ *   assertInstanceOf,
  *   assertNotNull,
  *   assertType,
  *   trySync,
@@ -145,30 +437,36 @@ export const assertNonNullable = (value, message = "Expected value to be non-nul
  *
  * const value = undefined as string | null | undefined;
  * assertNotNull(value);
- * assertType<string | undefined, typeof value>();
+ *
+ * assertType<typeof value, string | undefined>();
  * assertEqual(value, undefined);
+ *
  * const result = trySync(() => assertNotNull(null));
  * assertErr(result);
- * assert(result.error instanceof Error, "Expected an Error.");
+ * assertInstanceOf(result.error, Error);
  * assertEqual(result.error.message, "Expected value not to be null.");
  * ```
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
  */
 export const assertNotNull = (value, message = "Expected value not to be null.") => {
-    assert(value !== null, message);
+    assert(value !== null, message, {
+        actual: value,
+        expected: null,
+        operator: "notStrictEqual",
+        stackStartFn: assertNotNull,
+    });
 };
 /**
  * Asserts that a value is not undefined while preserving null.
  *
- * Use this when a value is logically guaranteed not to be undefined but
- * TypeScript cannot prove it.
- *
  * ### Example
  *
  * ```ts
  * import {
- *   assert,
  *   assertEqual,
  *   assertErr,
+ *   assertInstanceOf,
  *   assertNotUndefined,
  *   assertType,
  *   trySync,
@@ -176,22 +474,49 @@ export const assertNotNull = (value, message = "Expected value not to be null.")
  *
  * const value = null as string | null | undefined;
  * assertNotUndefined(value);
- * assertType<string | null, typeof value>();
+ * assertType<typeof value, string | null>();
  * assertEqual(value, null);
  * const result = trySync(() => assertNotUndefined(undefined));
  * assertErr(result);
- * assert(result.error instanceof Error, "Expected an Error.");
+ * assertInstanceOf(result.error, Error);
  * assertEqual(result.error.message, "Expected value not to be undefined.");
  * ```
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
  */
 export const assertNotUndefined = (value, message = "Expected value not to be undefined.") => {
-    assert(value !== undefined, message);
+    assert(value !== undefined, message, {
+        actual: value,
+        expected: undefined,
+        operator: "notStrictEqual",
+        stackStartFn: assertNotUndefined,
+    });
 };
 /**
- * Asserts that an array is non-empty.
+ * Asserts that a value has the expected length and narrows its length.
+ *
+ * ### Example
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { assertLength, assertType } from "@evolu/common";
  *
- * Use this when an array is logically guaranteed to be non-empty but TypeScript
- * cannot prove it.
+ * const values: ReadonlyArray<string> = ["Ada", "Grace"];
+ * assertLength(values, 2);
+ * assertType<typeof values.length, 2>();
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
+ */
+export const assertLength = (value, expectedLength) => {
+    assert(eqSameValue(value.length, expectedLength), `Expected value to have length ${expectedLength}.`, {
+        actual: value.length,
+        expected: expectedLength,
+        operator: "strictEqual",
+        stackStartFn: assertLength,
+    });
+};
+/**
+ * Asserts that an array is non-empty.
  *
  * ### Example
  *
@@ -207,21 +532,25 @@ export const assertNotUndefined = (value, message = "Expected value not to be un
  *
  * const values = [1, 2, 3];
  * assertNonEmptyArray(values);
- * assertType<NonEmptyArray<number>, typeof values>();
+ * assertType<typeof values, NonEmptyArray<number>>();
  * assertEqual(values[0], 1);
  * const result = trySync(() => assertNonEmptyArray([]));
  * assertErr(result);
  * ```
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
  */
 export const assertNonEmptyArray = (arr, message = "Expected a non-empty array.") => {
-    assert(arr.length > 0, message);
+    assert(arr.length > 0, message, {
+        actual: arr.length,
+        expected: 0,
+        operator: ">",
+        stackStartFn: assertNonEmptyArray,
+    });
 };
 /**
  * Asserts that a readonly array is non-empty.
  *
- * Use this when a readonly array is logically guaranteed to be non-empty but
- * TypeScript cannot prove it.
- *
  * ### Example
  *
  * ```ts
@@ -236,14 +565,21 @@ export const assertNonEmptyArray = (arr, message = "Expected a non-empty array."
  *
  * const values: ReadonlyArray<number> = [1, 2, 3];
  * assertNonEmptyReadonlyArray(values);
- * assertType<NonEmptyReadonlyArray<number>, typeof values>();
+ * assertType<typeof values, NonEmptyReadonlyArray<number>>();
  * assertEqual(values[0], 1);
  * const result = trySync(() => assertNonEmptyReadonlyArray([]));
  * assertErr(result);
  * ```
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
  */
 export const assertNonEmptyReadonlyArray = (arr, message = "Expected a non-empty readonly array.") => {
-    assert(arr.length > 0, message);
+    assert(arr.length > 0, message, {
+        actual: arr.length,
+        expected: 0,
+        operator: ">",
+        stackStartFn: assertNonEmptyReadonlyArray,
+    });
 };
 /**
  * Guards synchronous methods on objects that may be called after disposal.
@@ -254,27 +590,236 @@ export const assertNonEmptyReadonlyArray = (arr, message = "Expected a non-empty
  *
  * ```ts
  * import {
- *   assert,
  *   assertEqual,
  *   assertErr,
+ *   assertInstanceOf,
  *   assertNotDisposed,
  *   trySync,
  * } from "@evolu/common";
  *
- * await using disposer = new globalThis.AsyncDisposableStack();
+ * await using disposer = new AsyncDisposableStack();
  * assertNotDisposed(disposer);
  * await disposer.disposeAsync();
  * const result = trySync(() => assertNotDisposed(disposer));
  * assertErr(result);
- * assert(result.error instanceof Error, "Expected an Error.");
+ * assertInstanceOf(result.error, Error);
  * assertEqual(result.error.message, "Cannot use a disposed object.");
  * ```
  *
  * This is the JavaScript equivalent of the .NET `ObjectDisposedException`
  * pattern: once a helper has been disposed, calling its synchronous methods is
- * a programmer error and should throw immediately instead of continuing with
- * invalid state.
+ * a bug and should throw immediately instead of continuing with invalid state.
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
  */
 export const assertNotDisposed = (value) => {
-    assert(!value.disposed, "Cannot use a disposed object.");
+    assert(!value.disposed, "Cannot use a disposed object.", {
+        actual: value.disposed,
+        expected: false,
+        operator: "==",
+        stackStartFn: assertNotDisposed,
+    });
+};
+/**
+ * Asserts that two values are the same using `Object.is`.
+ *
+ * Use this when exact sameness is the contract, such as asserting reference
+ * identity or narrowing the actual value to the expected value's type, as shown
+ * below. For value comparisons, use {@link assertEqual}.
+ *
+ * Uses the same equality semantics as `assert.strictEqual` from
+ * `node:assert/strict`, but is platform-agnostic. See {@link eqSameValue} for
+ * the equality semantics.
+ *
+ * ### Example
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { assertSame, assertType } from "@evolu/common";
+ *
+ * interface User {
+ *   readonly name: string;
+ * }
+ *
+ * const user: User = { name: "Ada" };
+ * const value: unknown = user;
+ *
+ * assertSame(value, user);
+ * // `assertSame` narrows `value` from `unknown` to `User`.
+ * assertType<typeof value, User>();
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
+ */
+export const assertSame = (actual, expected) => {
+    // `Object.is` implements ECMAScript SameValue, whereas strict equality means
+    // `===`. Keep the platform-agnostic "same" wording instead of reproducing
+    // Node.js's value-dependent messages, which sometimes say "strictly equal".
+    assert(eqSameValue(actual, expected), "Expected values to be the same.", {
+        actual,
+        expected,
+        operator: "strictEqual",
+        stackStartFn: assertSame,
+    });
 };
+/**
+ * Asserts that two values are not the same using `Object.is`.
+ *
+ * The opposite of {@link assertSame}.
+ *
+ * ### Example
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { assertNotSame } from "@evolu/common";
+ *
+ * const first = { name: "Ada" };
+ * const second = { name: "Ada" };
+ *
+ * assertNotSame(first, second);
+ * assertNotSame(0, -0);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
+ */
+export const assertNotSame = (actual, expected) => {
+    // `Object.is` implements ECMAScript SameValue, whereas strict equality means
+    // `===`. Keep the platform-agnostic "same" wording instead of reproducing
+    // Node.js's value-dependent messages, which sometimes say "strictly equal".
+    assert(!eqSameValue(actual, expected), "Expected values not to be the same.", {
+        actual,
+        expected,
+        operator: "notStrictEqual",
+        stackStartFn: assertNotSame,
+    });
+};
+// oxlint-disable eslint/func-style -- Function declarations make TypeDoc categorize these APIs as functions.
+/**
+ * Asserts that two values are equal.
+ *
+ * Use this for value comparisons of both primitive and deeply structured
+ * values. Use {@link assertSame} when exact sameness or narrowing is required.
+ *
+ * Like `assert.deepEqual` from `node:assert/strict`, it performs deep
+ * structural comparison, but uses deliberately smaller, platform-agnostic
+ * equality logic based on {@link eqData}. More complex comparison logic is
+ * difficult to reason about and rarely needed. Other values are opaque and
+ * compare equal only by identity. If broader comparison semantics are needed in
+ * Node.js, use the native assertion instead.
+ *
+ * ### Example
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { assertEqual } from "@evolu/common";
+ *
+ * assertEqual(21 * 2, 42);
+ *
+ * const actual: unknown = new Map([
+ *   ["roles", new Set(["admin", "author"])],
+ * ]);
+ * const expected = new Map([["roles", new Set(["author", "admin"])]]);
+ *
+ * assertEqual(actual, expected);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
+ */
+export function assertEqual(actual, expected) {
+    assert(eqUnknown(actual, expected), "Expected values to be equal.", {
+        actual,
+        expected,
+        operator: "eqData",
+        diff: "full",
+        stackStartFn: assertEqual,
+    });
+}
+/**
+ * Asserts that a `Uint8Array` contains the expected bytes.
+ *
+ * Uses {@link eqArrayNumber}, so the runtime representations may differ. For
+ * example, a `Uint8Array` can be compared directly with a regular array.
+ *
+ * ### Example
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { assertEqualBytes } from "@evolu/common";
+ *
+ * const bytes = new Uint8Array([1, 5, 39, 254]);
+ *
+ * assertEqualBytes(bytes, [1, 5, 39, 254]);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
+ */
+export const assertEqualBytes = (actual, expected) => {
+    assert(eqArrayNumber(actual, expected), "Expected bytes to be equal.", {
+        actual,
+        expected,
+        operator: "eqArrayNumber",
+        diff: "full",
+        stackStartFn: assertEqualBytes,
+    });
+};
+/**
+ * Asserts that two values are not equal.
+ *
+ * The opposite of {@link assertEqual}.
+ *
+ * ### Example
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { assertNotEqual } from "@evolu/common";
+ *
+ * assertNotEqual({ name: "Ada" }, { name: "Grace" });
+ * assertNotEqual([1, 2], [2, 1]);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @group Assertions
+ */
+export function assertNotEqual(actual, expected) {
+    assert(!eqUnknown(actual, expected), "Expected values not to be equal.", {
+        actual,
+        expected,
+        operator: "notEqData",
+        stackStartFn: assertNotEqual,
+    });
+}
+// oxlint-enable eslint/func-style
+// Assertion equality extends eqData to unknown values. The comparator's
+// SameValue fast path treats identical opaque values as equal, while its
+// unsupported branches make distinct opaque values unequal.
+const eqUnknown = eqData;
+export function assertOk(result, ...comparison) {
+    assert(result.ok, "Expected an Ok result.", {
+        actual: result.ok,
+        expected: true,
+        operator: "strictEqual",
+        stackStartFn: assertOk,
+    });
+    if (comparison.length === 0)
+        return;
+    const expectedValue = comparison[0];
+    assert((comparison[1] ?? eqUnknown)(result.value, expectedValue), "Expected the value to equal the expected value.", {
+        actual: result.value,
+        expected: expectedValue,
+        operator: comparison[1] === undefined ? "eqData" : "Eq",
+        diff: comparison[1] === undefined ? "full" : undefined,
+        stackStartFn: assertOk,
+    });
+}
+export function assertErr(result, ...comparison) {
+    assert(!result.ok, "Expected an Err result.", {
+        actual: result.ok,
+        expected: false,
+        operator: "strictEqual",
+        stackStartFn: assertErr,
+    });
+    if (comparison.length === 0)
+        return;
+    const expectedError = comparison[0];
+    assert((comparison[1] ?? eqUnknown)(result.error, expectedError), "Expected the error to equal the expected error.", {
+        actual: result.error,
+        expected: expectedError,
+        operator: comparison[1] === undefined ? "eqData" : "Eq",
+        diff: comparison[1] === undefined ? "full" : undefined,
+        stackStartFn: assertErr,
+    });
+}