@ersbeth/picoflow 1.1.1 → 2.0.0

package/test/reactivity/nodes/collections/flowArray.asyncStates.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1289 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { array, type FlowStateAsync, stateAsync, subscribe } from "~";
+
+describe("FlowArray", () => {
+    describe("unit", () => {
+        describe("initialization", () => {
+            it("should initialize with provided FlowStateAsync values", async () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                ]);
+
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
+            });
+
+            it("should initialize with empty array when no value provided", async () => {
+                const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>();
+
+                expect(await $array.pick()).toEqual([]);
+            });
+        });
+
+        describe("disposal", () => {
+            it("should have disposed property set to false initially and true after disposal", () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                ]);
+                expect($array.disposed).toBe(false);
+                $array.dispose();
+                expect($array.disposed).toBe(true);
+            });
+
+            it("should throw error when disposed twice", () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                ]);
+                $array.dispose();
+                expect(() => $array.dispose()).toThrow("[PicoFlow] Primitive is disposed");
+            });
+
+            it("should throw when pick is called after disposal", async () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                ]);
+                $array.dispose();
+                await expect($array.pick()).rejects.toThrow("[PicoFlow] Primitive is disposed");
+            });
+
+            it("should throw when set is called after disposal", () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                ]);
+                $array.dispose();
+                expect(() => $array.set([stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1))])).toThrow("[PicoFlow] Primitive is disposed");
+            });
+
+            it("should throw when update is called after disposal", () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                ]);
+                $array.dispose();
+                expect(() => $array.update(0, stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)))).toThrow(
+                    "[PicoFlow] Primitive is disposed",
+                );
+            });
+
+            it("should throw when push is called after disposal", () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                ]);
+                $array.dispose();
+                expect(() => $array.push(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)))).toThrow("[PicoFlow] Primitive is disposed");
+            });
+
+            it("should throw when pop is called after disposal", () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                ]);
+                $array.dispose();
+                expect(() => $array.pop()).toThrow("[PicoFlow] Primitive is disposed");
+            });
+
+            it("should throw when unshift is called after disposal", () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                ]);
+                $array.dispose();
+                expect(() => $array.unshift(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)))).toThrow(
+                    "[PicoFlow] Primitive is disposed",
+                );
+            });
+
+            it("should throw when shift is called after disposal", () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                ]);
+                $array.dispose();
+                expect(() => $array.shift()).toThrow("[PicoFlow] Primitive is disposed");
+            });
+
+            it("should throw when splice is called after disposal", () => {
+                const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(4)),
+                ]);
+                $array.dispose();
+                expect(() => $array.splice(1, 2)).toThrow("[PicoFlow] Primitive is disposed");
+            });
+
+            it("should throw when clear is called after disposal", () => {
+                const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(4)),
+                ]);
+                $array.dispose();
+                expect(() => $array.clear()).toThrow("[PicoFlow] Primitive is disposed");
+            });
+        });
+
+        describe("length", () => {
+            it("should return correct length", () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                ]);
+                expect($array.length).toBe(3);
+            });
+
+            it("should return zero for empty array", () => {
+                const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([]);
+                expect($array.length).toBe(0);
+            });
+
+            it("should throw when length is accessed after disposal", () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                ]);
+                $array.dispose();
+                expect(() => $array.length).toThrow("[PicoFlow] Primitive is disposed");
+            });
+
+            it("should update length when array is modified", () => {
+                const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([]);
+                expect($array.length).toBe(0);
+
+                $array.push(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)));
+                expect($array.length).toBe(1);
+
+                $array.push(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)));
+                expect($array.length).toBe(2);
+
+                $array.pop();
+                expect($array.length).toBe(1);
+
+                $array.unshift(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)));
+                expect($array.length).toBe(2);
+
+                $array.shift();
+                expect($array.length).toBe(1);
+
+                $array.clear();
+                expect($array.length).toBe(0);
+            });
+        });
+
+        describe("set", () => {
+            it("should update array when set is called with FlowStateAsync", async () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                ]);
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([0, 1, 2]);
+
+                $array.set([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                ]);
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
+            });
+        });
+
+        describe("update", () => {
+            it("should update item at specific index", async () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                ]);
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([0, 1, 2]);
+
+                $array.update(0, stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)));
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([1, 1, 2]);
+
+                $array.update(1, stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)));
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([1, 2, 2]);
+
+                $array.update(2, stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)));
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([1, 2, 3]);
+            });
+
+            it("should throw when update is called with negative index", () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                ]);
+                expect(() => $array.update(-1, stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)))).toThrow(
+                    "[PicoFlow] Index out of bounds",
+                );
+            });
+
+            it("should throw when update is called with index >= length", () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                ]);
+                expect(() => $array.update(3, stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)))).toThrow(
+                    "[PicoFlow] Index out of bounds",
+                );
+                expect(() => $array.update(10, stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)))).toThrow(
+                    "[PicoFlow] Index out of bounds",
+                );
+            });
+
+            it("should handle boundary indices correctly", async () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                ]);
+                $array.update(0, stateAsync(Promise.resolve(10)));
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([10, 1, 2]);
+
+                $array.update(2, stateAsync(Promise.resolve(20)));
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([10, 1, 20]);
+            });
+        });
+
+        describe("push", () => {
+            it("should append FlowStateAsync to end of array", async () => {
+                const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([]);
+                expect(await $array.pick()).toEqual([]);
+
+                $array.push(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)));
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([0]);
+
+                $array.push(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)));
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([0, 1]);
+
+                $array.push(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)));
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([0, 1, 2]);
+            });
+
+            it("should handle operations on empty array", () => {
+                const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([]);
+                expect($array.length).toBe(0);
+                $array.push(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)));
+                expect($array.length).toBe(1);
+            });
+        });
+
+        describe("pop", () => {
+            it("should remove last FlowStateAsync from array", async () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                ]);
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([0, 1, 2]);
+
+                $array.pop();
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([0, 1]);
+
+                $array.pop();
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([0]);
+
+                $array.pop();
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([]);
+            });
+
+            it("should handle operations on empty array", () => {
+                const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([]);
+                expect($array.length).toBe(0);
+                $array.pop();
+                expect($array.length).toBe(0);
+            });
+        });
+
+        describe("unshift", () => {
+            it("should insert FlowStateAsync at beginning of array", async () => {
+                const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([]);
+                expect(await $array.pick()).toEqual([]);
+
+                $array.unshift(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)));
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([0]);
+
+                $array.unshift(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)));
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([1, 0]);
+
+                $array.unshift(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)));
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([2, 1, 0]);
+            });
+        });
+
+        describe("shift", () => {
+            it("should remove first FlowStateAsync from array", async () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                ]);
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([0, 1, 2]);
+
+                $array.shift();
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([1, 2]);
+
+                $array.shift();
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([2]);
+
+                $array.shift();
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([]);
+            });
+
+            it("should handle operations on empty array", () => {
+                const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([]);
+                expect($array.length).toBe(0);
+                $array.shift();
+                expect($array.length).toBe(0);
+            });
+        });
+
+        describe("splice", () => {
+            it("should remove FlowStateAsync from array", async () => {
+                const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(4)),
+                ]);
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([0, 1, 2, 3, 4]);
+
+                $array.splice(1, 2);
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([0, 3, 4]);
+            });
+
+            it("should insert FlowStateAsync into array", async () => {
+                const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(4)),
+                ]);
+                $array.splice(1, 0, stateAsync(Promise.resolve(10)), stateAsync(Promise.resolve(11)));
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([
+                    0, 10, 11, 1, 2, 3, 4,
+                ]);
+            });
+
+            it("should replace FlowStateAsync in array", async () => {
+                const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(4)),
+                ]);
+                $array.splice(1, 2, stateAsync(Promise.resolve(10)), stateAsync(Promise.resolve(11)));
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([
+                    0, 10, 11, 3, 4,
+                ]);
+            });
+        });
+
+        describe("clear", () => {
+            it("should remove all FlowStateAsync from array", async () => {
+                const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(4)),
+                ]);
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([0, 1, 2, 3, 4]);
+
+                $array.clear();
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([]);
+            });
+        });
+
+        describe("$lastAction", () => {
+            describe("set action", () => {
+                it("should initialize $lastAction with set action on creation", async () => {
+                    const $array = array([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                    ]);
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action.type).toBe("set");
+                    if (action.type === "set") {
+                        expect(action.setItems).toHaveLength(3);
+                        expect(action.setItems[0]).toBeInstanceOf(Object);
+                        expect(action.setItems[1]).toBeInstanceOf(Object);
+                        expect(action.setItems[2]).toBeInstanceOf(Object);
+                        expect(action.clearedItems).toEqual([]);
+                    }
+                });
+
+                it("should update $lastAction with set action when set is called", async () => {
+                    const $array = array([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    ]);
+                    $array.set([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                    ]);
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action.type).toBe("set");
+                    if (action.type === "set") {
+                        expect(action.setItems).toHaveLength(3);
+                        expect(action.clearedItems).toHaveLength(3);
+                    }
+                });
+
+                it("should have correct structure for set action (setItems and clearedItems)", async () => {
+                    const $array = array([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                    ]);
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action).toHaveProperty("type", "set");
+                    if (action.type === "set") {
+                        expect(action).toHaveProperty("setItems");
+                        expect(action).toHaveProperty("clearedItems");
+                        expect(Array.isArray(action.setItems)).toBe(true);
+                        expect(Array.isArray(action.clearedItems)).toBe(true);
+                        expect(action.setItems).toHaveLength(3);
+                        expect(action.clearedItems).toEqual([]);
+                    }
+                });
+            });
+
+            describe("update action", () => {
+                it("should update $lastAction with update action when update is called", async () => {
+                    const $array = array([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    ]);
+                    const $newItem = stateAsync(Promise.resolve(10));
+                    $array.update(1, $newItem);
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action.type).toBe("update");
+                    if (action.type === "update") {
+                        expect(action.index).toBe(1);
+                        expect(action.setItem).toBe($newItem);
+                        expect(action.clearedItem).toBeInstanceOf(Object);
+                    }
+                });
+
+                it("should have correct structure for update action (index, setItem, clearedItem)", async () => {
+                    const $array = array([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                    ]);
+                    const $newItem = stateAsync(Promise.resolve(10));
+                    $array.update(0, $newItem);
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action).toHaveProperty("type", "update");
+                    if (action.type === "update") {
+                        expect(action).toHaveProperty("index");
+                        expect(action).toHaveProperty("setItem");
+                        expect(action).toHaveProperty("clearedItem");
+                        expect(action.index).toBe(0);
+                        expect(action.setItem).toBe($newItem);
+                        expect(action.clearedItem).toBeInstanceOf(Object);
+                    }
+                });
+            });
+
+            describe("push action", () => {
+                it("should update $lastAction with push action when push is called", async () => {
+                    const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([]);
+                    const $newItem = stateAsync(Promise.resolve(42));
+                    $array.push($newItem);
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action.type).toBe("push");
+                    if (action.type === "push") {
+                        expect(action.addedItem).toBe($newItem);
+                    }
+                });
+
+                it("should have correct structure for push action (addedItem)", async () => {
+                    const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([]);
+                    const $newItem = stateAsync(Promise.resolve(100));
+                    $array.push($newItem);
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action).toHaveProperty("type", "push");
+                    if (action.type === "push") {
+                        expect(action).toHaveProperty("addedItem");
+                        expect(action.addedItem).toBe($newItem);
+                    }
+                });
+            });
+
+            describe("pop action", () => {
+                it("should update $lastAction with pop action when pop is called", async () => {
+                    const $array = array([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                    ]);
+                    $array.pop();
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action).toEqual({
+                        type: "pop",
+                        removedItem: expect.any(Object),
+                    });
+                });
+
+                it("should have correct structure for pop action (removedItem)", async () => {
+                    const $array = array([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                    ]);
+                    $array.pop();
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action).toHaveProperty("type", "pop");
+                    if (action.type === "pop") {
+                        expect(action).toHaveProperty("removedItem");
+                        expect(action.removedItem).toBeInstanceOf(Object);
+                    }
+                });
+
+                it("should have removedItem undefined when pop is called on empty array", async () => {
+                    const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([]);
+                    $array.pop();
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action).toHaveProperty("type", "pop");
+                    if (action.type === "pop") {
+                        expect(action).toHaveProperty("removedItem");
+                        expect(action.removedItem).toBeUndefined();
+                    }
+                });
+            });
+
+            describe("unshift action", () => {
+                it("should update $lastAction with unshift action when unshift is called", async () => {
+                    const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([]);
+                    const $newItem = stateAsync(Promise.resolve(42));
+                    $array.unshift($newItem);
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action.type).toBe("unshift");
+                    if (action.type === "unshift") {
+                        expect(action.addedItem).toBe($newItem);
+                    }
+                });
+
+                it("should have correct structure for unshift action (addedItem)", async () => {
+                    const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([]);
+                    const $newItem = stateAsync(Promise.resolve(200));
+                    $array.unshift($newItem);
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action).toHaveProperty("type", "unshift");
+                    if (action.type === "unshift") {
+                        expect(action).toHaveProperty("addedItem");
+                        expect(action.addedItem).toBe($newItem);
+                    }
+                });
+            });
+
+            describe("shift action", () => {
+                it("should update $lastAction with shift action when shift is called", async () => {
+                    const $array = array([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                    ]);
+                    $array.shift();
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action).toEqual({
+                        type: "shift",
+                        removedItem: expect.any(Object),
+                    });
+                });
+
+                it("should have correct structure for shift action (removedItem)", async () => {
+                    const $array = array([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                    ]);
+                    $array.shift();
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action).toHaveProperty("type", "shift");
+                    if (action.type === "shift") {
+                        expect(action).toHaveProperty("removedItem");
+                        expect(action.removedItem).toBeInstanceOf(Object);
+                    }
+                });
+
+                it("should have removedItem undefined when shift is called on empty array", async () => {
+                    const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([]);
+                    $array.shift();
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action).toHaveProperty("type", "shift");
+                    if (action.type === "shift") {
+                        expect(action).toHaveProperty("removedItem");
+                        expect(action.removedItem).toBeUndefined();
+                    }
+                });
+            });
+
+            describe("splice action", () => {
+                it("should update $lastAction with splice action when splice is called", async () => {
+                    const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(4)),
+                    ]);
+                    const $newItem1 = stateAsync(Promise.resolve(10));
+                    const $newItem2 = stateAsync(Promise.resolve(11));
+                    $array.splice(1, 2, $newItem1, $newItem2);
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action.type).toBe("splice");
+                    if (action.type === "splice") {
+                        expect(action.start).toBe(1);
+                        expect(action.deleteCount).toBe(2);
+                        expect(action.addedItems).toHaveLength(2);
+                        expect(action.addedItems[0]).toBe($newItem1);
+                        expect(action.addedItems[1]).toBe($newItem2);
+                        expect(action.removedItems).toHaveLength(2);
+                    }
+                });
+
+                it("should have correct structure for splice action (start, deleteCount, addedItems, removedItems)", async () => {
+                    const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    ]);
+                    const $newItem = stateAsync(Promise.resolve(100));
+                    $array.splice(1, 1, $newItem);
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action).toHaveProperty("type", "splice");
+                    if (action.type === "splice") {
+                        expect(action).toHaveProperty("start");
+                        expect(action).toHaveProperty("deleteCount");
+                        expect(action).toHaveProperty("addedItems");
+                        expect(action).toHaveProperty("removedItems");
+                        expect(action.start).toBe(1);
+                        expect(action.deleteCount).toBe(1);
+                        expect(Array.isArray(action.addedItems)).toBe(true);
+                        expect(Array.isArray(action.removedItems)).toBe(true);
+                        expect(action.addedItems).toHaveLength(1);
+                        expect(action.addedItems[0]).toBe($newItem);
+                        expect(action.removedItems).toHaveLength(1);
+                    }
+                });
+            });
+
+            describe("clear action", () => {
+                it("should update $lastAction with clear action when clear is called", async () => {
+                    const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(4)),
+                    ]);
+                    $array.clear();
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action).toEqual({
+                        type: "clear",
+                        clearedItems: expect.any(Array),
+                    });
+                    if (action.type === "clear") {
+                        expect(action.clearedItems).toHaveLength(5);
+                    }
+                });
+
+                it("should have correct structure for clear action (clearedItems)", async () => {
+                    const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                    ]);
+                    $array.clear();
+                    const action = await $array.$lastAction.pick();
+                    expect(action).toHaveProperty("type", "clear");
+                    if (action.type === "clear") {
+                        expect(action).toHaveProperty("clearedItems");
+                        expect(Array.isArray(action.clearedItems)).toBe(true);
+                        expect(action.clearedItems).toHaveLength(3);
+                    }
+                });
+            });
+        });
+
+        describe("edge cases", () => {
+            it("should handle multiple rapid operations", async () => {
+                const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([]);
+                $array.push(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)));
+                $array.push(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)));
+                $array.push(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)));
+                $array.pop();
+                $array.shift();
+                $array.unshift(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)));
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([0, 2]);
+            });
+
+            it("should handle boundary indices correctly", async () => {
+                const $array = array([
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                    stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                ]);
+                $array.update(0, stateAsync(Promise.resolve(10)));
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([10, 1, 2]);
+
+                $array.update(2, stateAsync(Promise.resolve(20)));
+                expect(await Promise.all((await $array.pick()).map((state) => state.pick()))).toEqual([10, 1, 20]);
+            });
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("integration", () => {
+        describe("with effects", () => {
+            describe("reactivity", () => {
+                it("should call effect when initialized", async () => {
+                    const $array = array([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                    ]);
+                    const onData = vi.fn();
+                    subscribe((t) => $array.get(t).map((state) => state.get(t)), onData);
+
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([1, 2, 3]);
+                });
+
+                it("should call effect when updated with set", async () => {
+                    const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    ]);
+                    const onData = vi.fn();
+                    subscribe((t) => $array.get(t).map((state) => state.get(t)), onData);
+
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([0, 1, 2]);
+
+                    $array.set([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                    ]);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([1, 2, 3]);
+                });
+
+                it("should call effect when updated with push/pop", async () => {
+                    const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>();
+                    const onData = vi.fn();
+                    subscribe((t) => $array.get(t).map((state) => state.get(t)), onData);
+
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([]);
+
+                    $array.push(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)));
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([0]);
+
+                    $array.push(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)));
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([0, 1]);
+
+                    $array.push(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)));
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(4));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([0, 1, 2]);
+
+                    $array.pop();
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(5));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([0, 1]);
+
+                    $array.pop();
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(6));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([0]);
+
+                    $array.pop();
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(7));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([]);
+                });
+
+                it("should call effect when updated with unshift/shift", async () => {
+                    const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>();
+                    const onData = vi.fn();
+                    subscribe((t) => $array.get(t).map((state) => state.get(t)), onData);
+
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([]);
+
+                    $array.unshift(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)));
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([0]);
+
+                    $array.unshift(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)));
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([1, 0]);
+
+                    $array.unshift(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)));
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(4));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([2, 1, 0]);
+
+                    $array.shift();
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(5));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([1, 0]);
+
+                    $array.shift();
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(6));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([0]);
+
+                    $array.shift();
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(7));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([]);
+                });
+
+                it("should call effect when updated with splice", async () => {
+                    const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(4)),
+                    ]);
+                    const onData = vi.fn();
+                    subscribe((t) => $array.get(t).map((state) => state.get(t)), onData);
+
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([0, 1, 2, 3, 4]);
+
+                    $array.splice(1, 2);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([0, 3, 4]);
+
+                    $array.splice(1, 0, stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)), stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)));
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([0, 1, 2, 3, 4]);
+                });
+
+                it("should call effect when updated with clear", async () => {
+                    const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(4)),
+                    ]);
+                    const onData = vi.fn();
+                    subscribe((t) => $array.get(t).map((state) => state.get(t)), onData);
+
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([0, 1, 2, 3, 4]);
+
+                    $array.clear();
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([]);
+                });
+            });
+
+            describe("item reactivity", () => {
+                it("should call effect when item is updated", async () => {
+                    const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    ]);
+                    const onData = vi.fn();
+                    const onData0 = vi.fn();
+                    const onData1 = vi.fn();
+                    const onData2 = vi.fn();
+
+                    subscribe((t) => $array.get(t).map((state) => state.get(t)), onData);
+                    subscribe((t) => $array.get(t)[0].get(t), onData0);
+                    subscribe((t) => $array.get(t)[1].get(t), onData1);
+                    subscribe((t) => $array.get(t)[2].get(t), onData2);
+
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([0, 1, 2]);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData0).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                    expect(onData0).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(0);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData1).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                    expect(onData1).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(1);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData2).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                    expect(onData2).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(2);
+
+                    (await $array.pick())[0].set(Promise.resolve(1));
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([1, 1, 2]);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData0).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3));
+                    expect(onData0).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(1);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData1).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                    expect(onData1).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(1);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData2).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                    expect(onData2).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(2);
+
+                    (await $array.pick())[1].set(Promise.resolve(2));
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(5));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([1, 2, 2]);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData0).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3));
+                    expect(onData0).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(1);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData1).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3));
+                    expect(onData1).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(2);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData2).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                    expect(onData2).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(2);
+
+                    (await $array.pick())[2].set(Promise.resolve(3));
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(7));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([1, 2, 3]);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData0).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3));
+                    expect(onData0).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(1);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData1).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3));
+                    expect(onData1).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(2);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData2).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3));
+                    expect(onData2).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(3);
+                });
+
+                it("should call effect when item is replaced", async () => {
+                    const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                        stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                    ]);
+                    const onData = vi.fn();
+                    const onData0 = vi.fn();
+
+                    subscribe((t) => $array.get(t).map((state) => state.get(t)), onData);
+                    subscribe((t) => $array.get(t)[0].get(t), onData0);
+
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([0, 1, 2]);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData0).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                    expect(onData0).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(0);
+
+                    $array.update(0, stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)));
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([3, 1, 2]);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData0).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
+                    expect(onData0).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(3);
+
+                    $array.shift();
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([1, 2]);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData0).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3));
+                    expect(onData0).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(1);
+
+                    $array.unshift(stateAsync(Promise.resolve(4)));
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(4));
+                    expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith([4, 1, 2]);
+                    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData0).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(4));
+                    expect(onData0).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(4);
+                });
+            });
+
+            describe("lastAction reactivity", () => {
+                describe("set action", () => {
+                    it("should call effect when $lastAction is updated with set action", async () => {
+                        const $array = array([
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        ]);
+                        const onData = vi.fn();
+                        subscribe((t) => $array.$lastAction.get(t), onData);
+
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "set",
+                                setItems: expect.any(Array),
+                                clearedItems: expect.any(Array),
+                            }),
+                        );
+
+                        $array.set([
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                        ]);
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "set",
+                                setItems: expect.any(Array),
+                                clearedItems: expect.any(Array),
+                            }),
+                        );
+                    });
+                });
+
+                describe("update action", () => {
+                    it("should call effect when $lastAction is updated with update action", async () => {
+                        const $array = array([
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        ]);
+                        const onData = vi.fn();
+                        subscribe((t) => $array.$lastAction.get(t), onData);
+
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+
+                        const $newItem = stateAsync(Promise.resolve(10));
+                        $array.update(1, $newItem);
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "update",
+                                index: 1,
+                                setItem: $newItem,
+                                clearedItem: expect.any(Object),
+                            }),
+                        );
+                    });
+                });
+
+                describe("push action", () => {
+                    it("should call effect when $lastAction is updated with push action", async () => {
+                        const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>();
+                        const onData = vi.fn();
+                        subscribe((t) => $array.$lastAction.get(t), onData);
+
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "set",
+                                setItems: expect.any(Array),
+                                clearedItems: expect.any(Array),
+                            }),
+                        );
+
+                        const $newItem = stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0));
+                        $array.push($newItem);
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "push",
+                                addedItem: $newItem,
+                            }),
+                        );
+
+                        const $newItem2 = stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1));
+                        $array.push($newItem2);
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "push",
+                                addedItem: $newItem2,
+                            }),
+                        );
+                    });
+                });
+
+                describe("pop action", () => {
+                    it("should call effect when $lastAction is updated with pop action", async () => {
+                        const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        ]);
+                        const onData = vi.fn();
+                        subscribe((t) => $array.$lastAction.get(t), onData);
+
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+
+                        $array.pop();
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "pop",
+                                removedItem: expect.any(Object),
+                            }),
+                        );
+
+                        $array.pop();
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "pop",
+                                removedItem: expect.any(Object),
+                            }),
+                        );
+                    });
+                });
+
+                describe("unshift action", () => {
+                    it("should call effect when $lastAction is updated with unshift action", async () => {
+                        const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>();
+                        const onData = vi.fn();
+                        subscribe((t) => $array.$lastAction.get(t), onData);
+
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "set",
+                                setItems: expect.any(Array),
+                                clearedItems: expect.any(Array),
+                            }),
+                        );
+
+                        const $newItem = stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0));
+                        $array.unshift($newItem);
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "unshift",
+                                addedItem: $newItem,
+                            }),
+                        );
+
+                        const $newItem2 = stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1));
+                        $array.unshift($newItem2);
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "unshift",
+                                addedItem: $newItem2,
+                            }),
+                        );
+                    });
+                });
+
+                describe("shift action", () => {
+                    it("should call effect when $lastAction is updated with shift action", async () => {
+                        const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                        ]);
+                        const onData = vi.fn();
+                        subscribe((t) => $array.$lastAction.get(t), onData);
+
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+
+                        $array.shift();
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "shift",
+                                removedItem: expect.any(Object),
+                            }),
+                        );
+
+                        $array.shift();
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "shift",
+                                removedItem: expect.any(Object),
+                            }),
+                        );
+                    });
+                });
+
+                describe("splice action", () => {
+                    it("should call effect when $lastAction is updated with splice action", async () => {
+                        const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(4)),
+                        ]);
+                        const onData = vi.fn();
+                        subscribe((t) => $array.$lastAction.get(t), onData);
+
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "set",
+                                setItems: expect.any(Array),
+                                clearedItems: expect.any(Array),
+                            }),
+                        );
+
+                        $array.splice(1, 2);
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "splice",
+                                start: 1,
+                                deleteCount: 2,
+                                addedItems: expect.any(Array),
+                                removedItems: expect.any(Array),
+                            }),
+                        );
+
+                        $array.splice(1, 0, stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)), stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)));
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "splice",
+                                start: 1,
+                                deleteCount: 0,
+                                addedItems: expect.any(Array),
+                                removedItems: expect.any(Array),
+                            }),
+                        );
+                    });
+                });
+
+                describe("clear action", () => {
+                    it("should call effect when $lastAction is updated with clear action", async () => {
+                        const $array = array<FlowStateAsync<number>>([
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(0)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(1)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(2)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(3)),
+                            stateAsync(Promise.resolve(4)),
+                        ]);
+                        const onData = vi.fn();
+                        subscribe((t) => $array.$lastAction.get(t), onData);
+
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "set",
+                                setItems: expect.any(Array),
+                                clearedItems: expect.any(Array),
+                            }),
+                        );
+
+                        $array.clear();
+                        await vi.waitFor(() => expect(onData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
+                        expect(onData).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
+                            expect.objectContaining({
+                                type: "clear",
+                                clearedItems: expect.any(Array),
+                            }),
+                        );
+                    });
+                });
+            });
+        });
+    });
+});