@ericrisco/rsc 3.3.0 → 3.4.0

package/skills/ux/upstream/ux-designer/references/13b-canvas-objects-performance.md

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+# Canvas Apps: Objects, Performance & Patterns
+
+This reference covers smart guides, layer management, canvas elements, performance optimization, whiteboard-specific patterns, and accessibility for canvas-based applications.
+
+---
+
+## Contents
+
+- Smart Guides & Snapping
+- Layers & Hierarchy
+- Canvas Elements
+- Performance Optimization
+- Whiteboard-Specific Patterns
+- Accessibility
+- Key Metrics
+- Anti-Patterns
+- Sources
+
+---
+
+## Smart Guides & Snapping
+
+### Alignment Guides
+
+```javascript
+function calculateAlignmentGuides(draggedObject, allObjects) {
+  const guides = [];
+  const threshold = 5; // Snap within 5px
+
+  allObjects.forEach(other => {
+    if (other === draggedObject) return;
+
+    // Horizontal center alignment
+    if (Math.abs(draggedObject.centerY - other.centerY) < threshold) {
+      guides.push({
+        type: 'horizontal',
+        y: other.centerY,
+        from: Math.min(draggedObject.left, other.left),
+        to: Math.max(draggedObject.right, other.right)
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Vertical center alignment
+    if (Math.abs(draggedObject.centerX - other.centerX) < threshold) {
+      guides.push({
+        type: 'vertical',
+        x: other.centerX,
+        from: Math.min(draggedObject.top, other.top),
+        to: Math.max(draggedObject.bottom, other.bottom)
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Edge alignments (top, bottom, left, right)
+    // ... similar checks for edges
+  });
+
+  return guides;
+}
+```
+
+### Smart Guide Visuals
+
+```css
+/* Alignment guides */
+.smart-guide {
+  position: absolute;
+  background: #f43f5e;
+  pointer-events: none;
+  z-index: 1000;
+}
+
+.smart-guide--horizontal {
+  height: 1px;
+  width: 100%;
+}
+
+.smart-guide--vertical {
+  width: 1px;
+  height: 100%;
+}
+
+/* Distance indicator */
+.distance-indicator {
+  position: absolute;
+  padding: 2px 6px;
+  background: #f43f5e;
+  color: white;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  border-radius: 3px;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+```
+
+### Grid Snapping
+
+```javascript
+const GRID_SIZE = 8; // 8px grid
+
+function snapToGrid(value) {
+  return Math.round(value / GRID_SIZE) * GRID_SIZE;
+}
+
+function snapPosition(x, y) {
+  return {
+    x: snapToGrid(x),
+    y: snapToGrid(y)
+  };
+}
+```
+
+### Snapping Options
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ Snapping (⌘;)                    [Toggle]   │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│ ✓ Snap to grid                              │
+│ ✓ Snap to objects                           │
+│ ✓ Snap to guides                            │
+│   Snap to pixel                             │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│ Grid size: [8px ▼]                          │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+---
+
+## Layers & Hierarchy
+
+### Layer Panel
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ Layers                                    [+] [⋮]   │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│ ▼ 📁 Header                               👁 🔒     │
+│   │ ├─ 📄 Logo                            👁 🔓     │
+│   │ ├─ 📄 Navigation                      👁 🔓     │
+│   │ └─ 📄 Search                          👁 🔓     │
+│ ▶ 📁 Main Content                         👁 🔓     │
+│ ▶ 📁 Footer                               👁 🔓     │
+│   📄 Background                           👁 🔓     │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+```css
+/* Layer item */
+.layer-item {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  padding: 4px 8px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.layer-item:hover {
+  background: #f3f4f6;
+}
+
+.layer-item--selected {
+  background: #dbeafe;
+}
+
+.layer-item--dragging {
+  opacity: 0.5;
+}
+
+/* Indent for hierarchy */
+.layer-item[data-depth="1"] { padding-left: 20px; }
+.layer-item[data-depth="2"] { padding-left: 36px; }
+.layer-item[data-depth="3"] { padding-left: 52px; }
+```
+
+### Z-Index Operations
+
+| Shortcut | Action |
+|----------|--------|
+| Cmd/Ctrl + ] | Bring forward |
+| Cmd/Ctrl + [ | Send backward |
+| Cmd/Ctrl + Shift + ] | Bring to front |
+| Cmd/Ctrl + Shift + [ | Send to back |
+
+### Grouping
+
+```javascript
+function groupSelection() {
+  const group = {
+    type: 'group',
+    id: generateId(),
+    children: [...selectedObjects],
+    bounds: calculateBounds(selectedObjects)
+  };
+
+  // Remove from root, add to group
+  selectedObjects.forEach(obj => {
+    removeFromCanvas(obj);
+    obj.parent = group;
+  });
+
+  addToCanvas(group);
+  setSelection([group]);
+}
+
+function ungroupSelection() {
+  selectedObjects.forEach(group => {
+    if (group.type !== 'group') return;
+
+    group.children.forEach(child => {
+      child.parent = null;
+      addToCanvas(child);
+    });
+
+    removeFromCanvas(group);
+  });
+}
+```
+
+| Shortcut | Action |
+|----------|--------|
+| Cmd/Ctrl + G | Group selection |
+| Cmd/Ctrl + Shift + G | Ungroup selection |
+| Double-click | Enter group (edit children) |
+| Escape | Exit group |
+
+---
+
+## Canvas Elements
+
+### Sticky Notes
+
+Common in whiteboard apps.
+
+```html
+<div class="sticky-note" style="--sticky-color: #fef08a;">
+  <div class="sticky-note__content" contenteditable>
+    Type your idea here...
+  </div>
+  <div class="sticky-note__author">Alice</div>
+</div>
+```
+
+```css
+.sticky-note {
+  width: 200px;
+  min-height: 200px;
+  padding: 16px;
+  background: var(--sticky-color);
+  box-shadow: 2px 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
+  border-radius: 2px;
+  font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; /* Classic sticky feel */
+}
+
+.sticky-note__content {
+  font-size: 16px;
+  line-height: 1.4;
+  outline: none;
+}
+
+.sticky-note__author {
+  position: absolute;
+  bottom: 8px;
+  right: 8px;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  opacity: 0.6;
+}
+```
+
+**Sticky Note Colors:**
+- Yellow (#fef08a) - General ideas
+- Pink (#fbcfe8) - Questions
+- Blue (#bfdbfe) - Insights
+- Green (#bbf7d0) - Actions
+- Orange (#fed7aa) - Concerns
+
+### Connectors & Arrows
+
+```javascript
+// Simple line connector
+function drawConnector(from, to, ctx) {
+  // Calculate connection points (center of objects)
+  const start = { x: from.centerX, y: from.centerY };
+  const end = { x: to.centerX, y: to.centerY };
+
+  // Draw line
+  ctx.beginPath();
+  ctx.moveTo(start.x, start.y);
+  ctx.lineTo(end.x, end.y);
+  ctx.stroke();
+
+  // Draw arrowhead
+  const angle = Math.atan2(end.y - start.y, end.x - start.x);
+  drawArrowhead(end, angle, ctx);
+}
+```
+
+### Shapes Library
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ Shapes                                              │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│ Basic                                               │
+│ ┌─┐  ○  ◇  △  ─  →  ⬭                              │
+│                                                     │
+│ Flowchart                                           │
+│ ▭  ◇  ⬭  ▱  ⬡                                      │
+│                                                     │
+│ Arrows                                              │
+│ →  ⇒  ↔  ↕  ↗                                       │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+---
+
+## Performance Optimization
+
+### Viewport Culling
+
+Only render objects visible in the current viewport.
+
+```javascript
+function getVisibleObjects(camera, objects) {
+  const viewport = getViewportBounds(camera);
+
+  return objects.filter(obj =>
+    intersects(obj.bounds, viewport)
+  );
+}
+
+function render() {
+  const visibleObjects = getVisibleObjects(camera, allObjects);
+
+  ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
+  ctx.save();
+
+  // Apply camera transform
+  ctx.translate(camera.x, camera.y);
+  ctx.scale(camera.zoom, camera.zoom);
+
+  // Only render visible objects
+  visibleObjects.forEach(obj => obj.render(ctx));
+
+  ctx.restore();
+}
+```
+
+### Level of Detail (LOD)
+
+Simplify rendering at low zoom levels.
+
+```javascript
+function renderObject(obj, ctx, zoom) {
+  if (zoom < 0.1) {
+    // Very zoomed out: just show bounding box
+    ctx.fillRect(obj.x, obj.y, obj.width, obj.height);
+  } else if (zoom < 0.5) {
+    // Moderately zoomed out: simplified render
+    obj.renderSimplified(ctx);
+  } else {
+    // Normal/zoomed in: full detail
+    obj.renderFull(ctx);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Performance Guidelines
+
+| Technique | When to Apply |
+|-----------|--------------|
+| Viewport culling | Always for >100 objects |
+| LOD rendering | Zoom levels <50% |
+| Debounced render | Rapid camera movement |
+| Canvas layering | Static vs. dynamic content |
+| Web Workers | Heavy calculations |
+| Virtual scrolling | Layer panel with 1000+ items |
+
+### Canvas Size Limits
+
+```
+Practical limits:
+- Browser canvas max: ~16,000 x 16,000 pixels
+- Virtual canvas: Unlimited (render only visible portion)
+- Object count: 10,000+ with proper culling
+- Performance target: 60fps during pan/zoom
+```
+
+---
+
+## Whiteboard-Specific Patterns
+
+### Timer / Timeboxing
+
+```html
+<div class="timer">
+  <div class="timer__display">5:00</div>
+  <div class="timer__controls">
+    <button class="timer__btn--start">▶</button>
+    <button class="timer__btn--pause">⏸</button>
+    <button class="timer__btn--reset">↺</button>
+  </div>
+</div>
+```
+
+### Voting Sessions
+
+```javascript
+const votingSession = {
+  id: "vote-123",
+  topic: "Which design do we prefer?",
+  options: [
+    { id: "a", label: "Option A", votes: [] },
+    { id: "b", label: "Option B", votes: [] }
+  ],
+  anonymous: true,
+  allowMultiple: false,
+  endTime: new Date("2024-12-20T14:00:00")
+};
+
+function castVote(sessionId, optionId, userId) {
+  const session = getSession(sessionId);
+  const vote = session.anonymous ? "anonymous" : userId;
+
+  session.options.find(o => o.id === optionId).votes.push(vote);
+  broadcastVoteUpdate(session);
+}
+```
+
+### Facilitation Mode
+
+Presenter controls for workshops.
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ Facilitation Tools                                  │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│ [Spotlight]  [Timer]  [Vote]  [Lock Canvas]         │
+│                                                     │
+│ Participants: 12 active                             │
+│ [Mute all annotations]  [Bring everyone to me]      │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+### Clustering / Affinity Mapping
+
+```javascript
+// Auto-cluster similar sticky notes
+function clusterStickies(stickies) {
+  const clusters = [];
+
+  stickies.forEach(sticky => {
+    // Find cluster by proximity or AI similarity
+    const nearbyCluster = findNearbyCluster(sticky, clusters);
+
+    if (nearbyCluster) {
+      nearbyCluster.add(sticky);
+    } else {
+      clusters.push(new Cluster([sticky]));
+    }
+  });
+
+  return clusters;
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Accessibility
+
+### Keyboard Navigation
+
+```javascript
+// Full keyboard support for canvas
+const keyboardControls = {
+  'Tab': () => selectNextObject(),
+  'Shift+Tab': () => selectPreviousObject(),
+  'Enter': () => enterEditMode(),
+  'Escape': () => exitEditMode(),
+  'Delete': () => deleteSelection(),
+  'ArrowUp': () => moveSelection(0, -1),
+  'ArrowDown': () => moveSelection(0, 1),
+  'ArrowLeft': () => moveSelection(-1, 0),
+  'ArrowRight': () => moveSelection(1, 0),
+  'Cmd+A': () => selectAll(),
+  'Cmd+Z': () => undo(),
+  'Cmd+Shift+Z': () => redo()
+};
+```
+
+### Screen Reader Support
+
+```html
+<!-- Announce canvas state changes -->
+<div role="application" aria-label="Design canvas">
+  <div aria-live="polite" class="sr-only" id="canvas-announcer">
+    <!-- Dynamic announcements -->
+  </div>
+
+  <div
+    role="img"
+    tabindex="0"
+    aria-describedby="canvas-description"
+  >
+    <canvas></canvas>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<script>
+function announceSelection(objects) {
+  const announcer = document.getElementById('canvas-announcer');
+  announcer.textContent = `Selected ${objects.length} objects`;
+}
+</script>
+```
+
+### Drag and Drop Alternatives
+
+Per WCAG 2.5.7, provide non-dragging alternatives:
+
+```html
+<!-- Context menu for move operations -->
+<menu class="context-menu">
+  <button>Move to...</button>
+  <button>Bring to front</button>
+  <button>Send to back</button>
+  <button>Align left</button>
+  <button>Align center</button>
+  <button>Align right</button>
+</menu>
+```
+
+---
+
+## Key Metrics
+
+| Metric | Value | Context |
+|--------|-------|---------|
+| Grid size | 4, 8, or 16px | Common options |
+| Snap threshold | 2-8px | Distance before snapping |
+| Undo stack | 100+ actions | Memory permitting |
+| Object limit | 10,000+ | With culling |
+
+---
+
+## Anti-Patterns
+
+1. **No keyboard navigation** - Excludes users who can't use mouse
+2. **Missing undo** - Critical for experimental exploration
+3. **No snapping controls** - Users need to disable snapping sometimes
+4. **Invisible layers** - Hard to find/select hidden objects
+5. **No minimap** - Lost on large canvases
+
+---
+
+## Sources
+
+- [Figma Engineering Blog](https://www.figma.com/blog/category/engineering/)
+- [Miro - Infinite Canvas](https://miro.com/online-canvas-for-design/)
+- [Konva.js Documentation](https://konvajs.org/)
+- [LogRocket - Drag and Drop UI](https://blog.logrocket.com/ux-design/drag-and-drop-ui-examples/)
+- [Cloudscape - Drag and Drop Patterns](https://cloudscape.design/patterns/general/drag-and-drop/)