@engine262/engine262 0.0.1-07c72085c73f960bcf0aa06db807321f3b446518

package/src/value.mts

@@ -0,0 +1,981 @@
+import { type GCMarker, surroundingAgent } from './engine.mts';
+import {
+  Assert,
+  OrdinaryDefineOwnProperty,
+  OrdinaryDelete,
+  OrdinaryGet,
+  OrdinaryGetOwnProperty,
+  OrdinaryGetPrototypeOf,
+  OrdinaryHasProperty,
+  OrdinaryIsExtensible,
+  OrdinaryOwnPropertyKeys,
+  OrdinaryPreventExtensions,
+  OrdinarySet,
+  OrdinarySetPrototypeOf,
+  ToInt32,
+  ToUint32,
+  Z,
+  F, R, type OrdinaryObject, type FunctionObject,
+  type BuiltinFunctionObject,
+} from './abstract-ops/all.mts';
+import { EnvironmentRecord } from './environment.mts';
+import {
+  Completion, Q, X, type ExpressionCompletion, type PlainCompletion,
+} from './completion.mts';
+import { PropertyKeyMap, OutOfRange, callable } from './helpers.mts';
+import type { PrivateElementRecord } from './runtime-semantics/MethodDefinitionEvaluation.mts';
+
+let createStringValue: (value: string) => JSStringValue; // set by static block in StringValue for privileged access to constructor
+let createNumberValue: (value: number) => NumberValue; // set by static block in NumberValue for privileged access to constructor
+let createBigIntValue: (value: bigint) => BigIntValue; // set by static block in BigIntValue for privileged access to constructor
+
+abstract class BaseValue {
+  static declare readonly null: NullValue; // defined in static block of NullValue
+
+  static declare readonly undefined: UndefinedValue; // defined in static block of UndefinedValue
+
+  static declare readonly true: BooleanValue<true>; // defined in static block of BooleanValue
+
+  static declare readonly false: BooleanValue<false>; // defined in static block of BooleanValue
+
+  abstract type: Value['type']; // ensures new `Value` subtypes must be added to `Value` union
+
+  declare [Symbol.hasInstance]: (value: unknown) => value is Value; // no need to actually declare it.
+}
+
+/** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types */
+export type Value =
+  | UndefinedValue
+  | NullValue
+  | BooleanValue
+  | JSStringValue
+  | SymbolValue
+  | NumberValue
+  | BigIntValue
+  | ObjectValue;
+
+/** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types */
+export const Value = (() => {
+  // NOTE: Using IIFE so that the class does not conflict with the type of the same name
+  @callable((_target, _thisArg, [value]) => {
+    if (value === null) {
+      return Value.null;
+    } else if (value === undefined) {
+      return Value.undefined;
+    } else if (value === true) {
+      return Value.true;
+    } else if (value === false) {
+      return Value.false;
+    }
+    switch (typeof value) {
+      case 'string':
+        return createStringValue(value);
+      case 'number':
+        return createNumberValue(value);
+      case 'bigint':
+        return createBigIntValue(value);
+      default:
+        throw new OutOfRange('new Value', value);
+    }
+  })
+  abstract class Value extends BaseValue {
+  }
+  return Value;
+})() as typeof BaseValue & {
+  <T extends null | undefined | boolean | string | number | bigint>(value: T): // eslint-disable-line @engine262/no-use-in-def
+    T extends null ? NullValue :
+    T extends undefined ? UndefinedValue :
+    T extends boolean ? BooleanValue<T> :
+    T extends string ? JSStringValue :
+    T extends number ? NumberValue :
+    T extends bigint ? BigIntValue :
+    never;
+};
+
+/** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types */
+export type PropertyKeyValue =
+  | JSStringValue
+  | SymbolValue;
+
+/** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types */
+export type PrimitiveValue =
+  | UndefinedValue
+  | NullValue
+  | BooleanValue
+  | JSStringValue
+  | SymbolValue
+  | NumberValue
+  | BigIntValue;
+
+/** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types */
+export const PrimitiveValue = (() => {
+  // NOTE: Using IIFE so that the class does not conflict with the type of the same name
+  // NOTE: Only using IIFE because TypeScript errors when `abstract` is used on class expressions
+  abstract class PrimitiveValue extends Value {
+  }
+  return PrimitiveValue;
+})();
+
+/** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types-undefined-type */
+export class UndefinedValue extends PrimitiveValue {
+  declare readonly type: 'Undefined'; // defined on prototype by static block
+
+  declare readonly value: undefined; // defined on prototype by static block
+
+  private constructor() { // eslint-disable-line no-useless-constructor -- Sets privacy for constructor
+    super();
+  }
+
+  static {
+    Object.defineProperty(this.prototype, 'type', { value: 'Undefined' });
+    Object.defineProperty(this.prototype, 'value', { value: undefined });
+    Object.defineProperty(Value, 'undefined', { value: new this() });
+  }
+}
+
+/** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types-null-type */
+export class NullValue extends PrimitiveValue {
+  declare readonly type: 'Null'; // defined on prototype by static block
+
+  declare readonly value: null; // defined on prototype by static block
+
+  private constructor() { // eslint-disable-line no-useless-constructor -- Sets privacy for constructor
+    super();
+  }
+
+  static {
+    Object.defineProperty(this.prototype, 'type', { value: 'Null' });
+    Object.defineProperty(this.prototype, 'value', { value: null });
+    Object.defineProperty(Value, 'null', { value: new this() });
+  }
+}
+
+/** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types-boolean-type */
+export class BooleanValue<T extends boolean = boolean> extends PrimitiveValue {
+  declare readonly type: 'Boolean'; // defined on prototype by static block
+
+  readonly value: T;
+
+  private constructor(value: T) {
+    super();
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  booleanValue() {
+    return this.value;
+  }
+
+  [Symbol.for('nodejs.util.inspect.custom')]() {
+    return `Boolean { ${this.value} }`;
+  }
+
+  static {
+    Object.defineProperty(this.prototype, 'type', { value: 'Boolean' });
+    Object.defineProperty(Value, 'true', { value: new this(true) });
+    Object.defineProperty(Value, 'false', { value: new this(false) });
+  }
+}
+
+/** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type */
+export class JSStringValue extends PrimitiveValue {
+  declare readonly type: 'String'; // defined on prototype by static block
+
+  readonly value: string;
+
+  private constructor(value: string) {
+    super();
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  stringValue() {
+    return this.value;
+  }
+
+  static {
+    Object.defineProperty(this.prototype, 'type', { value: 'String' });
+    createStringValue = (value) => new this(value);
+  }
+}
+
+/** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types-symbol-type */
+export class SymbolValue extends PrimitiveValue {
+  declare readonly type: 'Symbol'; // defined on prototype by static block
+
+  readonly Description: JSStringValue | UndefinedValue;
+
+  constructor(Description: JSStringValue | UndefinedValue) {
+    super();
+    this.Description = Description;
+  }
+
+  static {
+    Object.defineProperty(this.prototype, 'type', { value: 'Symbol' });
+  }
+}
+
+/** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types-symbol-type */
+export const wellKnownSymbols = {
+  asyncIterator: new SymbolValue(Value('Symbol.asyncIterator')),
+  hasInstance: new SymbolValue(Value('Symbol.hasInstance')),
+  isConcatSpreadable: new SymbolValue(Value('Symbol.isConcatSpreadable')),
+  iterator: new SymbolValue(Value('Symbol.iterator')),
+  match: new SymbolValue(Value('Symbol.match')),
+  matchAll: new SymbolValue(Value('Symbol.matchAll')),
+  replace: new SymbolValue(Value('Symbol.replace')),
+  search: new SymbolValue(Value('Symbol.search')),
+  species: new SymbolValue(Value('Symbol.species')),
+  split: new SymbolValue(Value('Symbol.split')),
+  toPrimitive: new SymbolValue(Value('Symbol.toPrimitive')),
+  toStringTag: new SymbolValue(Value('Symbol.toStringTag')),
+  unscopables: new SymbolValue(Value('Symbol.unscopables')),
+} as const;
+Object.setPrototypeOf(wellKnownSymbols, null);
+Object.freeze(wellKnownSymbols);
+
+/** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types-number-type */
+export class NumberValue extends PrimitiveValue {
+  declare readonly type: 'Number'; // defined on prototype by static block
+
+  readonly value: number;
+
+  private constructor(value: number) {
+    super();
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  numberValue() {
+    return this.value;
+  }
+
+  isNaN() {
+    return Number.isNaN(this.value);
+  }
+
+  isInfinity() {
+    return !Number.isFinite(this.value) && !this.isNaN();
+  }
+
+  isFinite() {
+    return Number.isFinite(this.value);
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-unaryMinus */
+  static unaryMinus(x: NumberValue) {
+    if (x.isNaN()) {
+      return F(NaN);
+    }
+    return F(-R(x));
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-bitwiseNOT */
+  static bitwiseNOT(x: NumberValue) {
+    // 1. Let oldValue be ! ToInt32(x).
+    const oldValue = X(ToInt32(x));
+    // 2. Return the result of applying bitwise complement to oldValue. The result is a signed 32-bit integer.
+    return F(~R(oldValue));
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-exponentiate */
+  static exponentiate(base: NumberValue, exponent: NumberValue) {
+    return F(R(base) ** R(exponent));
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-multiply */
+  static multiply(x: NumberValue, y: NumberValue) {
+    return F(R(x) * R(y));
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-divide */
+  static divide(x: NumberValue, y: NumberValue) {
+    return F(R(x) / R(y));
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-remainder */
+  static remainder(n: NumberValue, d: NumberValue) {
+    return F(R(n) % R(d));
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-add */
+  static add(x: NumberValue, y: NumberValue) {
+    return F(R(x) + R(y));
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-subtract */
+  static subtract(x: NumberValue, y: NumberValue) {
+    // The result of - operator is x + (-y).
+    return NumberValue.add(x, F(-R(y)));
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-leftShift */
+  static leftShift(x: NumberValue, y: NumberValue) {
+    // 1. Let lnum be ! ToInt32(x).
+    const lnum = X(ToInt32(x));
+    // 2. Let rnum be ! ToUint32(y).
+    const rnum = X(ToUint32(y));
+    // 3. Let shiftCount be the result of masking out all but the least significant 5 bits of rnum, that is, compute rnum & 0x1F.
+    const shiftCount = R(rnum) & 0x1F; // eslint-disable-line no-bitwise
+    // 4. Return the result of left shifting lnum by shiftCount bits. The result is a signed 32-bit integer.
+    return F(R(lnum) << shiftCount); // eslint-disable-line no-bitwise
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-signedRightShift */
+  static signedRightShift(x: NumberValue, y: NumberValue) {
+    // 1. Let lnum be ! ToInt32(x).
+    const lnum = X(ToInt32(x));
+    // 2. Let rnum be ! ToUint32(y).
+    const rnum = X(ToUint32(y));
+    // 3. Let shiftCount be the result of masking out all but the least significant 5 bits of rnum, that is, compute rnum & 0x1F.
+    const shiftCount = R(rnum) & 0x1F; // eslint-disable-line no-bitwise
+    // 4. Return the result of performing a sign-extending right shift of lnum by shiftCount bits.
+    //    The most significant bit is propagated. The result is a signed 32-bit integer.
+    return F(R(lnum) >> shiftCount); // eslint-disable-line no-bitwise
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-unsignedRightShift */
+  static unsignedRightShift(x: NumberValue, y: NumberValue) {
+    // 1. Let lnum be ! ToInt32(x).
+    const lnum = X(ToInt32(x));
+    // 2. Let rnum be ! ToUint32(y).
+    const rnum = X(ToUint32(y));
+    // 3. Let shiftCount be the result of masking out all but the least significant 5 bits of rnum, that is, compute rnum & 0x1F.
+    const shiftCount = R(rnum) & 0x1F; // eslint-disable-line no-bitwise
+    // 4. Return the result of performing a zero-filling right shift of lnum by shiftCount bits.
+    //    Vacated bits are filled with zero. The result is an unsigned 32-bit integer.
+    return F(R(lnum) >>> shiftCount); // eslint-disable-line no-bitwise
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-lessThan */
+  static lessThan(x: NumberValue, y: NumberValue) {
+    if (x.isNaN()) {
+      return Value.undefined;
+    }
+    if (y.isNaN()) {
+      return Value.undefined;
+    }
+    // If nx and ny are the same Number value, return false.
+    // If nx is +0 and ny is -0, return false.
+    // If nx is -0 and ny is +0, return false.
+    if (R(x) === R(y)) {
+      return Value.false;
+    }
+    if (R(x) === +Infinity) {
+      return Value.false;
+    }
+    if (R(y) === +Infinity) {
+      return Value.true;
+    }
+    if (R(y) === -Infinity) {
+      return Value.false;
+    }
+    if (R(x) === -Infinity) {
+      return Value.true;
+    }
+    return R(x) < R(y) ? Value.true : Value.false;
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-equal */
+  static equal(x: NumberValue, y: NumberValue) {
+    if (x.isNaN()) {
+      return Value.false;
+    }
+    if (y.isNaN()) {
+      return Value.false;
+    }
+    const xVal = R(x);
+    const yVal = R(y);
+    if (xVal === yVal) {
+      return Value.true;
+    }
+    if (Object.is(xVal, 0) && Object.is(yVal, -0)) {
+      return Value.true;
+    }
+    if (Object.is(xVal, -0) && Object.is(yVal, 0)) {
+      return Value.true;
+    }
+    return Value.false;
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-sameValue */
+  static sameValue(x: NumberValue, y: NumberValue) {
+    if (x.isNaN() && y.isNaN()) {
+      return Value.true;
+    }
+    const xVal = R(x);
+    const yVal = R(y);
+    if (Object.is(xVal, 0) && Object.is(yVal, -0)) {
+      return Value.false;
+    }
+    if (Object.is(xVal, -0) && Object.is(yVal, 0)) {
+      return Value.false;
+    }
+    if (xVal === yVal) {
+      return Value.true;
+    }
+    return Value.false;
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-sameValueZero */
+  static sameValueZero(x: NumberValue, y: NumberValue) {
+    if (x.isNaN() && y.isNaN()) {
+      return Value.true;
+    }
+    const xVal = R(x);
+    const yVal = R(y);
+    if (Object.is(xVal, 0) && Object.is(yVal, -0)) {
+      return Value.true;
+    }
+    if (Object.is(xVal, -0) && Object.is(yVal, 0)) {
+      return Value.true;
+    }
+    if (xVal === yVal) {
+      return Value.true;
+    }
+    return Value.false;
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-bitwiseAND */
+  static bitwiseAND(x: NumberValue, y: NumberValue) {
+    // 1. Return NumberBitwiseOp(&, x, y).
+    return NumberBitwiseOp('&', x, y);
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-bitwiseXOR */
+  static bitwiseXOR(x: NumberValue, y: NumberValue) {
+    // 1. Return NumberBitwiseOp(^, x, y).
+    return NumberBitwiseOp('^', x, y);
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-bitwiseOR */
+  static bitwiseOR(x: NumberValue, y: NumberValue) {
+    // 1. Return NumberBitwiseOp(|, x, y).
+    return NumberBitwiseOp('|', x, y);
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-number-tostring */
+  static override toString(x: NumberValue): JSStringValue {
+    if (x.isNaN()) {
+      return Value('NaN');
+    }
+    const xVal = R(x);
+    if (xVal === 0) {
+      return Value('0');
+    }
+    if (xVal < 0) {
+      const str = X(NumberValue.toString(F(-xVal))).stringValue();
+      return Value(`-${str}`);
+    }
+    if (x.isInfinity()) {
+      return Value('Infinity');
+    }
+    // TODO: implement properly
+    return Value(`${xVal}`);
+  }
+
+  static readonly unit = new NumberValue(1);
+
+  static {
+    Object.defineProperty(this.prototype, 'type', { value: 'Number' });
+    createNumberValue = (value) => new NumberValue(value);
+  }
+}
+
+/** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numberbitwiseop */
+function NumberBitwiseOp(op: '&' | '|' | '^', x: NumberValue, y: NumberValue) {
+  // 1. Let lnum be ! ToInt32(x).
+  const lnum = X(ToInt32(x));
+  // 2. Let rnum be ! ToUint32(y).
+  const rnum = X(ToUint32(y));
+  // 3. Return the result of applying the bitwise operator op to lnum and rnum. The result is a signed 32-bit integer.
+  switch (op) {
+    case '&':
+      return F(R(lnum) & R(rnum));
+    case '|':
+      return F(R(lnum) | R(rnum));
+    case '^':
+      return F(R(lnum) ^ R(rnum));
+    default:
+      throw new OutOfRange('NumberBitwiseOp', op);
+  }
+}
+
+/** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types-bigint-type */
+export class BigIntValue extends PrimitiveValue {
+  declare readonly type: 'BigInt'; // defined on prototype by static block
+
+  readonly value: bigint;
+
+  private constructor(value: bigint) {
+    super();
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  bigintValue() {
+    return this.value;
+  }
+
+  isNaN() {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  isFinite() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-unaryMinus */
+  static unaryMinus(x: BigIntValue) {
+    if (R(x) === 0n) {
+      return Z(0n);
+    }
+    return Z(-R(x));
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-bitwiseNOT */
+  static bitwiseNOT(x: BigIntValue) {
+    return Z(-R(x) - 1n);
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-exponentiate */
+  static exponentiate(base: BigIntValue, exponent: BigIntValue) {
+    // 1. If exponent < 0n, throw a RangeError exception.
+    if (R(exponent) < 0n) {
+      return surroundingAgent.Throw('RangeError', 'BigIntNegativeExponent');
+    }
+    // 2. If base is 0n and exponent is 0n, return 1n.
+    if (R(base) === 0n && R(exponent) === 0n) {
+      return Z(1n);
+    }
+    // 3. Return the BigInt value that represents the mathematical value of base raised to the power exponent.
+    return Z(R(base) ** R(exponent));
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-multiply */
+  static multiply(x: BigIntValue, y: BigIntValue) {
+    return Z(R(x) * R(y));
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-divide */
+  static divide(x: BigIntValue, y: BigIntValue) {
+    // 1. If y is 0n, throw a RangeError exception.
+    if (R(y) === 0n) {
+      return surroundingAgent.Throw('RangeError', 'BigIntDivideByZero');
+    }
+    // 2. Let quotient be the mathematical value of x divided by y.
+    const quotient = R(x) / R(y);
+    // 3. Return the BigInt value that represents quotient rounded towards 0 to the next integral value.
+    return Z(quotient);
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-remainder */
+  static remainder(n: BigIntValue, d: BigIntValue) {
+    // 1. If d is 0n, throw a RangeError exception.
+    if (R(d) === 0n) {
+      return surroundingAgent.Throw('RangeError', 'BigIntDivideByZero');
+    }
+    // 2. If n is 0n, return 0n.
+    if (R(n) === 0n) {
+      return Z(0n);
+    }
+    // 3. Let r be the BigInt defined by the mathematical relation r = n - (d × q)
+    //   where q is a BigInt that is negative only if n/d is negative and positive
+    //   only if n/d is positive, and whose magnitude is as large as possible without
+    //   exceeding the magnitude of the true mathematical quotient of n and d.
+    const r = Z(R(n) % R(d));
+    // 4. Return r.
+    return r;
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-add */
+  static add(x: BigIntValue, y: BigIntValue) {
+    return Z(R(x) + R(y));
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-subtract */
+  static subtract(x: BigIntValue, y: BigIntValue) {
+    return Z(R(x) - R(y));
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-leftShift */
+  static leftShift(x: BigIntValue, y: BigIntValue) {
+    return Z(R(x) << R(y)); // eslint-disable-line no-bitwise
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-signedRightShift */
+  static signedRightShift(x: BigIntValue, y: BigIntValue) {
+    // 1. Return BigInt::leftShift(x, -y).
+    return BigIntValue.leftShift(x, Z(-R(y)));
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-unsignedRightShift */
+  static unsignedRightShift(_x: BigIntValue, _y: BigIntValue) {
+    return surroundingAgent.Throw('TypeError', 'BigIntUnsignedRightShift');
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-lessThan */
+  static lessThan(x: BigIntValue, y: BigIntValue) {
+    return R(x) < R(y) ? Value.true : Value.false;
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-equal */
+  static equal(x: BigIntValue, y: BigIntValue) {
+    // Return true if x and y have the same mathematical integer value and false otherwise.
+    return R(x) === R(y) ? Value.true : Value.false;
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-sameValue */
+  static sameValue(x: BigIntValue, y: BigIntValue) {
+    // 1. Return BigInt::equal(x, y).
+    return BigIntValue.equal(x, y);
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-sameValueZero */
+  static sameValueZero(x: BigIntValue, y: BigIntValue) {
+    // 1. Return BigInt::equal(x, y).
+    return BigIntValue.equal(x, y);
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-bitwiseAND */
+  static bitwiseAND(x: BigIntValue, y: BigIntValue) {
+    // 1. Return BigIntBitwiseOp(&, x, y).
+    return BigIntBitwiseOp('&', x, y);
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-bitwiseXOR */
+  static bitwiseXOR(x: BigIntValue, y: BigIntValue) {
+    // 1. Return BigIntBitwiseOp(^, x, y).
+    return BigIntBitwiseOp('^', x, y);
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-bitwiseOR */
+  static bitwiseOR(x: BigIntValue, y: BigIntValue) {
+    // 1. Return BigIntBitwiseOp(|, x, y);
+    return BigIntBitwiseOp('|', x, y);
+  }
+
+  /** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-numeric-types-bigint-tostring */
+  static override toString(x: BigIntValue): JSStringValue {
+    // 1. If x is less than zero, return the string-concatenation of the String "-" and ! BigInt::toString(-x).
+    if (R(x) < 0n) {
+      const str = X(BigIntValue.toString(Z(-R(x)))).stringValue();
+      return Value(`-${str}`);
+    }
+    // 2. Return the String value consisting of the code units of the digits of the decimal representation of x.
+    return Value(`${R(x)}`);
+  }
+
+  static readonly unit = new BigIntValue(1n);
+
+  static {
+    Object.defineProperty(this.prototype, 'type', { value: 'BigInt' });
+    createBigIntValue = (value) => new BigIntValue(value);
+  }
+}
+
+/** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-bigintbitwiseop */
+function BigIntBitwiseOp(op: '&' | '|' | '^', x: BigIntValue, y: BigIntValue) {
+  // TODO: figure out why this doesn't work, probably the modulo.
+  /*
+  // 1. Assert: op is "&", "|", or "^".
+  Assert(['&', '|', '^'].includes(op));
+  // 2. Let result be 0n.
+  let result = 0n;
+  // 3. Let shift be 0.
+  let shift = 0n;
+  // 4. Repeat, until (x = 0 or x = -1) and (y = 0 or y = -1),
+  while (!((x === 0n || x === -1n) && (y === 0n || y === -1n))) {
+    // a. Let xDigit be x modulo 2.
+    const xDigit = x % 2n;
+    // b. Let yDigit be y modulo 2.
+    const yDigit = y % 2n;
+    // c. If op is "&", set result to result + 2^shift × BinaryAnd(xDigit, yDigit).
+    if (op === '&') {
+      result += (2n ** shift) * BinaryAnd(xDigit, yDigit);
+    } else if (op === '|') {
+      // d. Else if op is "|", set result to result + 2shift × BinaryOr(xDigit, yDigit).
+      result += (2n ** shift) * BinaryXor(xDigit, yDigit);
+    } else {
+      // i. Assert: op is "^".
+      Assert(op === '^');
+      // ii. Set result to result + 2^shift × BinaryXor(xDigit, yDigit).
+      result += (2n ** shift) * BinaryXor(xDigit, yDigit);
+    }
+    // f. Set shift to shift + 1.
+    shift += 1n;
+    // g. Set x to (x - xDigit) / 2.
+    x = (x - xDigit) / 2n;
+    // h. Set y to (y - yDigit) / 2.
+    y = (y - yDigit) / 2n;
+  }
+  let tmp;
+  // 5. If op is "&", let tmp be BinaryAnd(x modulo 2, y modulo 2).
+  if (op === '&') {
+    tmp = BinaryAnd(x % 2n, y % 2n);
+  } else if (op === '|') {
+    // 6. Else if op is "|", let tmp be BinaryOr(x modulo 2, y modulo 2).
+    tmp = BinaryOr(x % 2n, y % 2n);
+  } else {
+    // a. Assert: op is "^".
+    Assert(op === '^');
+    // b. Let tmp be BinaryXor(x modulo 2, y modulo 2).
+    tmp = BinaryXor(x % 2n, y % 2n);
+  }
+  // 8. If tmp ≠ 0, then
+  if (tmp !== 0n) {
+    // a. Set result to result - 2^shift. NOTE: This extends the sign.
+    result -= 2n ** shift;
+  }
+  // 9. Return result.
+  return Z(result);
+ */
+  switch (op) {
+    case '&':
+      return Z(R(x) & R(y));
+    case '|':
+      return Z(R(x) | R(y));
+    case '^':
+      return Z(R(x) ^ R(y));
+    default:
+      throw new OutOfRange('BigIntBitwiseOp', op);
+  }
+}
+
+export interface ObjectInternalMethods<Self> {
+  GetPrototypeOf(this: Self): ExpressionCompletion<ObjectValue | NullValue>;
+  SetPrototypeOf(this: Self, V: ObjectValue | NullValue): ExpressionCompletion<BooleanValue>;
+  IsExtensible(this: Self): ExpressionCompletion<BooleanValue>;
+  PreventExtensions(this: Self): ExpressionCompletion<BooleanValue>;
+  GetOwnProperty(this: Self, P: PropertyKeyValue): PlainCompletion<Descriptor | UndefinedValue>;
+  DefineOwnProperty(this: Self, P: PropertyKeyValue, Desc: Descriptor): ExpressionCompletion<BooleanValue>;
+  HasProperty(this: Self, P: PropertyKeyValue): ExpressionCompletion<BooleanValue>;
+  Get(this: Self, P: PropertyKeyValue, Receiver: Value): ExpressionCompletion;
+  Set(this: Self, P: PropertyKeyValue, V: Value, Receiver: Value): ExpressionCompletion<BooleanValue>;
+  Delete(this: Self, P: PropertyKeyValue): ExpressionCompletion<BooleanValue>;
+  OwnPropertyKeys(this: Self): PlainCompletion<PropertyKeyValue[]>;
+  Call?(this: Self, thisArg: Value, args: Arguments): ExpressionCompletion;
+  Construct?(this: Self, args: Arguments, newTarget: FunctionObject | UndefinedValue): ExpressionCompletion<ObjectValue>;
+}
+
+/** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object-type */
+export class ObjectValue extends Value implements ObjectInternalMethods<ObjectValue> {
+  declare readonly type: 'Object'; // defined on prototype by static block
+
+  readonly properties: PropertyKeyMap<Descriptor>;
+
+  readonly internalSlotsList: readonly string[];
+
+  readonly PrivateElements: PrivateElementRecord[];
+
+  constructor(internalSlotsList: readonly string[]) {
+    super();
+
+    this.PrivateElements = [];
+    this.properties = new PropertyKeyMap();
+    this.internalSlotsList = internalSlotsList;
+    surroundingAgent.debugger_markObjectCreated(this);
+  }
+
+  // UNSAFE casts below. Methods below are expected to be rewritten when the object is not an OrdinaryObject. (an example is ArgumentExoticObject)
+  // If those methods aren't rewritten, it is an error.
+  GetPrototypeOf(): ExpressionCompletion<ObjectValue | NullValue> {
+    return OrdinaryGetPrototypeOf(this as unknown as OrdinaryObject);
+  }
+
+  SetPrototypeOf(V: ObjectValue | NullValue): ExpressionCompletion<BooleanValue> {
+    Q(surroundingAgent.debugger_tryTouchDuringPreview(this));
+    return OrdinarySetPrototypeOf(this as unknown as OrdinaryObject, V);
+  }
+
+  IsExtensible(): ExpressionCompletion<BooleanValue> {
+    return OrdinaryIsExtensible(this as unknown as OrdinaryObject);
+  }
+
+  PreventExtensions(): ExpressionCompletion<BooleanValue> {
+    Q(surroundingAgent.debugger_tryTouchDuringPreview(this));
+    return OrdinaryPreventExtensions(this as unknown as OrdinaryObject);
+  }
+
+  GetOwnProperty(P: PropertyKeyValue): PlainCompletion<Descriptor | UndefinedValue> {
+    return OrdinaryGetOwnProperty(this as unknown as OrdinaryObject, P);
+  }
+
+  DefineOwnProperty(P: PropertyKeyValue, Desc: Descriptor): ExpressionCompletion<BooleanValue> {
+    Q(surroundingAgent.debugger_tryTouchDuringPreview(this));
+    return OrdinaryDefineOwnProperty(this as unknown as OrdinaryObject, P, Desc);
+  }
+
+  HasProperty(P: PropertyKeyValue): ExpressionCompletion<BooleanValue> {
+    return OrdinaryHasProperty(this as unknown as OrdinaryObject, P);
+  }
+
+  Get(P: PropertyKeyValue, Receiver: Value): ExpressionCompletion {
+    return OrdinaryGet(this as unknown as OrdinaryObject, P, Receiver);
+  }
+
+  Set(P: PropertyKeyValue, V: Value, Receiver: Value): ExpressionCompletion<BooleanValue> {
+    // TODO:
+    Q(surroundingAgent.debugger_tryTouchDuringPreview(Receiver as ObjectValue));
+    return OrdinarySet(this as unknown as OrdinaryObject, P, V, Receiver);
+  }
+
+  Delete(P: PropertyKeyValue): ExpressionCompletion<BooleanValue> {
+    Q(surroundingAgent.debugger_tryTouchDuringPreview(this));
+    return OrdinaryDelete(this as unknown as OrdinaryObject, P);
+  }
+
+  OwnPropertyKeys(): PlainCompletion<PropertyKeyValue[]> {
+    return OrdinaryOwnPropertyKeys(this as unknown as OrdinaryObject);
+  }
+
+  // NON-SPEC
+  mark(m: GCMarker) {
+    m(this.properties);
+    this.internalSlotsList.forEach((s) => {
+      // @ts-ignore
+      m(this[s]);
+    });
+  }
+
+  static {
+    Object.defineProperty(this.prototype, 'type', { value: 'Object' });
+  }
+}
+
+/** https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-private-names */
+export class PrivateName {
+  // NOTE: The following declaration distinguishes `PrivateName` from `SymbolValue` so that type guards can properly
+  //       remove it from unions with `SymbolValue` due to structural overlap.
+  declare private _: never;
+
+  readonly Description: JSStringValue;
+
+  constructor(description: JSStringValue) {
+    this.Description = description;
+  }
+}
+
+export class ReferenceRecord {
+  readonly Base: 'unresolvable' | Value | EnvironmentRecord;
+
+  ReferencedName: Value | PrivateName;
+
+  readonly Strict: BooleanValue;
+
+  readonly ThisValue: Value | undefined;
+
+  constructor({
+    Base,
+    ReferencedName,
+    Strict,
+    ThisValue,
+  }: Pick<ReferenceRecord, 'Base' | 'ReferencedName' | 'Strict' | 'ThisValue'>) {
+    this.Base = Base;
+    this.ReferencedName = ReferencedName;
+    this.Strict = Strict;
+    this.ThisValue = ThisValue;
+  }
+
+  // NON-SPEC
+  mark(m: GCMarker) {
+    m(this.Base);
+    m(this.ReferencedName);
+    m(this.ThisValue);
+  }
+}
+
+export type DescriptorInit = Pick<Descriptor, 'Configurable' | 'Enumerable' | 'Get' | 'Set' | 'Value' | 'Writable'>;
+// @ts-expect-error
+export function Descriptor(O: DescriptorInit): Descriptor // @ts-expect-error
+export @callable() class Descriptor {
+  readonly Value?: Value;
+
+  readonly Get?: FunctionObject | UndefinedValue;
+
+  readonly Set?: FunctionObject | UndefinedValue;
+
+  readonly Writable?: BooleanValue;
+
+  readonly Enumerable?: BooleanValue;
+
+  readonly Configurable?: BooleanValue;
+
+  constructor(O: Pick<Descriptor, 'Configurable' | 'Enumerable' | 'Get' | 'Set' | 'Value' | 'Writable'>) {
+    this.Value = O.Value;
+    this.Get = O.Get;
+    this.Set = O.Set;
+    this.Writable = O.Writable;
+    this.Enumerable = O.Enumerable;
+    this.Configurable = O.Configurable;
+  }
+
+  everyFieldIsAbsent() {
+    return this.Value === undefined
+      && this.Get === undefined
+      && this.Set === undefined
+      && this.Writable === undefined
+      && this.Enumerable === undefined
+      && this.Configurable === undefined;
+  }
+
+  // NON-SPEC
+  mark(m: GCMarker) {
+    m(this.Value);
+    m(this.Get);
+    m(this.Set);
+  }
+}
+
+export class DataBlock extends Uint8Array {
+  constructor(sizeOrBuffer: number | ArrayBuffer, byteOffset?: number, length?: number) {
+    if (sizeOrBuffer instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
+      super(sizeOrBuffer, byteOffset, length);
+    } else {
+      Assert(typeof sizeOrBuffer === 'number');
+      super(sizeOrBuffer);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export function Type(val: Value | PrivateName | Completion<unknown> | EnvironmentRecord | Descriptor | DataBlock) {
+  if (val instanceof Value) {
+    return val.type;
+  }
+
+  if (val instanceof PrivateName) {
+    return 'PrivateName';
+  }
+
+  if (val instanceof Completion) {
+    return 'Completion';
+  }
+
+  if (val instanceof EnvironmentRecord) {
+    return 'EnvironmentRecord';
+  }
+
+  if (val instanceof Descriptor) {
+    return 'Descriptor';
+  }
+
+  if (val instanceof DataBlock) {
+    return 'Data Block';
+  }
+
+  // TODO:
+  if ((val as unknown) instanceof DataBlock) {
+    return 'Shared Data Block';
+  }
+
+  throw new OutOfRange('Type', val);
+}
+
+export type Arguments = readonly Value[];
+export interface FunctionCallContext {
+  readonly thisValue: Value;
+  readonly NewTarget: FunctionObject | UndefinedValue;
+}
+export interface NativeSteps {
+  (this: BuiltinFunctionObject, args: Arguments, context: FunctionCallContext): void | ExpressionCompletion;
+  section?: string;
+}
+export interface CanBeNativeSteps {
+  (...args: Value[]): void | ExpressionCompletion;
+}