@enbox/crypto 0.0.1

package/src/primitives/aes-gcm.ts

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+import { Convert } from '@enbox/common';
+import { getWebcryptoSubtle } from '@noble/ciphers/webcrypto';
+
+import type { Jwk } from '../jose/jwk.js';
+
+import { computeJwkThumbprint, isOctPrivateJwk } from '../jose/jwk.js';
+
+/**
+ * Const defining the AES-GCM initialization vector (IV) length in bits.
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * NIST Special Publication 800-38D, Section 5.2.1.1 states that the IV length:
+ * > For IVs, it is recommended that implementations restrict support to the length of 96 bits, to
+ * > promote interoperability, efficiency, and simplicity of design.
+ *
+ * This implementation does not support IV lengths that are different from the value defined by
+ * this constant.
+ *
+ * @see {@link https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-38D | NIST SP 800-38D}
+ */
+const AES_GCM_IV_LENGTH = 96;
+
+/**
+ * Constant defining the AES key length values in bits.
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * NIST publication FIPS 197 states:
+ * > The AES algorithm is capable of using cryptographic keys of 128, 192, and 256 bits to encrypt
+ * > and decrypt data in blocks of 128 bits.
+ *
+ * This implementation does not support key lengths that are different from the three values
+ * defined by this constant.
+ *
+ * @see {@link https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.FIPS.197-upd1 | NIST FIPS 197}
+ */
+const AES_KEY_LENGTHS = [128, 192, 256] as const;
+
+/**
+ * Constant defining the AES-GCM tag length values in bits.
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * NIST Special Publication 800-38D, Section 5.2.1.2 states that the tag length:
+ * > may be any one of the following five values: 128, 120, 112, 104, or 96
+ *
+ * Although the NIST specification allows for tag lengths of 32 or 64 bits in certain applications,
+ * the use of shorter tag lengths can be problematic for GCM due to targeted forgery attacks. As a
+ * precaution, this implementation does not support tag lengths that are different from the five
+ * values defined by this constant. See Appendix C of the NIST SP 800-38D specification for
+ * additional guidance and details.
+ *
+ * @see {@link https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-38D | NIST SP 800-38D}
+ */
+export const AES_GCM_TAG_LENGTHS = [96, 104, 112, 120, 128] as const;
+
+/**
+ * The `AesGcm` class provides a comprehensive set of utilities for cryptographic operations
+ * using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in Galois/Counter Mode (GCM). This class includes
+ * methods for key generation, encryption, decryption, and conversions between raw byte arrays
+ * and JSON Web Key (JWK) formats. It is designed to support AES-GCM, a symmetric key algorithm
+ * that is widely used for its efficiency, security, and provision of authenticated encryption.
+ *
+ * AES-GCM is particularly favored for scenarios that require both confidentiality and integrity
+ * of data. It integrates the counter mode of encryption with the Galois mode of authentication,
+ * offering high performance and parallel processing capabilities.
+ *
+ * Key Features:
+ * - Key Generation: Generate AES symmetric keys in JWK format.
+ * - Key Conversion: Transform keys between raw byte arrays and JWK formats.
+ * - Encryption: Encrypt data using AES-GCM with the provided symmetric key.
+ * - Decryption: Decrypt data encrypted with AES-GCM using the corresponding symmetric key.
+ *
+ * The methods in this class are asynchronous, returning Promises to accommodate various
+ * JavaScript environments.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // Key Generation
+ * const length = 256; // Length of the key in bits (e.g., 128, 192, 256)
+ * const privateKey = await AesGcm.generateKey({ length });
+ *
+ * // Encryption
+ * const data = new TextEncoder().encode('Messsage');
+ * const iv = new Uint8Array(12); // 12-byte initialization vector
+ * const encryptedData = await AesGcm.encrypt({
+ *   data,
+ *   iv,
+ *   key: privateKey
+ * });
+ *
+ * // Decryption
+ * const decryptedData = await AesGcm.decrypt({
+ *   data: encryptedData,
+ *   iv,
+ *   key: privateKey
+ * });
+ *
+ * // Key Conversion
+ * const privateKeyBytes = await AesGcm.privateKeyToBytes({ privateKey });
+ * ```
+ */
+export class AesGcm {
+  /**
+ * Converts a raw private key in bytes to its corresponding JSON Web Key (JWK) format.
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * This method accepts a symmetric key represented as a byte array (Uint8Array) and
+ * converts it into a JWK object for use with AES-GCM (Advanced Encryption Standard -
+ * Galois/Counter Mode). The conversion process involves encoding the key into
+ * base64url format and setting the appropriate JWK parameters.
+ *
+ * The resulting JWK object includes the following properties:
+ * - `kty`: Key Type, set to 'oct' for Octet Sequence (representing a symmetric key).
+ * - `k`: The symmetric key, base64url-encoded.
+ * - `kid`: Key ID, generated based on the JWK thumbprint.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * const privateKeyBytes = new Uint8Array([...]); // Replace with actual symmetric key bytes
+ * const privateKey = await AesGcm.bytesToPrivateKey({ privateKeyBytes });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param params - The parameters for the symmetric key conversion.
+ * @param params.privateKeyBytes - The raw symmetric key as a Uint8Array.
+ *
+ * @returns A Promise that resolves to the symmetric key in JWK format.
+ */
+  public static async bytesToPrivateKey({ privateKeyBytes }: {
+    privateKeyBytes: Uint8Array;
+  }): Promise<Jwk> {
+    // Construct the private key in JWK format.
+    const privateKey: Jwk = {
+      k   : Convert.uint8Array(privateKeyBytes).toBase64Url(),
+      kty : 'oct'
+    };
+
+    // Compute the JWK thumbprint and set as the key ID.
+    privateKey.kid = await computeJwkThumbprint({ jwk: privateKey });
+
+    return privateKey;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Decrypts the provided data using AES-GCM.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This method performs AES-GCM decryption on the given encrypted data using the specified key.
+   * It requires an initialization vector (IV), the encrypted data along with the decryption key,
+   * and optionally, additional authenticated data (AAD). The method returns the decrypted data as a
+   * Uint8Array. The optional `tagLength` parameter specifies the size in bits of the authentication
+   * tag used when encrypting the data. If not specified, the default tag length of 128 bits is
+   * used.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * const encryptedData = new Uint8Array([...]); // Encrypted data
+   * const iv = new Uint8Array([...]); // Initialization vector used during encryption
+   * const additionalData = new Uint8Array([...]); // Optional additional authenticated data
+   * const key = { ... }; // A Jwk object representing the AES key
+   * const decryptedData = await AesGcm.decrypt({
+   *   data: encryptedData,
+   *   iv,
+   *   additionalData,
+   *   key,
+   *   tagLength: 128 // Optional tag length in bits
+   * });
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param params - The parameters for the decryption operation.
+   * @param params.key - The key to use for decryption, represented in JWK format.
+   * @param params.data - The encrypted data to decrypt, represented as a Uint8Array.
+   * @param params.iv - The initialization vector, represented as a Uint8Array.
+   * @param params.additionalData - Optional additional authenticated data. Optional.
+   * @param params.tagLength - The length of the authentication tag in bits. Optional.
+   *
+   * @returns A Promise that resolves to the decrypted data as a Uint8Array.
+   */
+  public static async decrypt({ key, data, iv, additionalData, tagLength }: {
+    key: Jwk;
+    data: Uint8Array;
+    iv: Uint8Array;
+    additionalData?: Uint8Array;
+    tagLength?: typeof AES_GCM_TAG_LENGTHS[number];
+  }): Promise<Uint8Array> {
+    // Validate the initialization vector length.
+    if (iv.byteLength !== AES_GCM_IV_LENGTH / 8) {
+      throw new TypeError(`The initialization vector must be ${AES_GCM_IV_LENGTH} bits in length`);
+    }
+
+    // Validate the tag length.
+    if (tagLength && !AES_GCM_TAG_LENGTHS.includes(tagLength as any)) {
+      throw new RangeError(`The tag length is invalid: Must be ${AES_GCM_TAG_LENGTHS.join(', ')} bits`);
+    }
+
+    // Get the Web Crypto API interface.
+    const webCrypto = getWebcryptoSubtle();
+
+    // Import the JWK into the Web Crypto API to use for the decrypt operation.
+    const webCryptoKey = await webCrypto.importKey('jwk', key, { name: 'AES-GCM' }, true, ['decrypt']);
+
+    // Note: Some browser implementations of the Web Crypto API throw an error if additionalData or
+    // tagLength are undefined, so only include them in the algorithm object if they are defined.
+    const algorithm = {
+      name: 'AES-GCM',
+      iv,
+      ...(tagLength && { tagLength }),
+      ...(additionalData && { additionalData})
+    };
+
+    // Decrypt the data.
+    const plaintextBuffer = await webCrypto.decrypt(algorithm, webCryptoKey, data);
+
+    // Convert from ArrayBuffer to Uint8Array.
+    const plaintext = new Uint8Array(plaintextBuffer);
+
+    return plaintext;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Encrypts the provided data using AES-GCM.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This method performs AES-GCM encryption on the given data using the specified key.
+   * It requires an initialization vector (IV), the encrypted data along with the decryption key,
+   * and optionally, additional authenticated data (AAD). The method returns the encrypted data as a
+   * Uint8Array. The optional `tagLength` parameter specifies the size in bits of the authentication
+   * tag generated in the encryption operation and used for authentication in the corresponding
+   * decryption. If not specified, the default tag length of 128 bits is used.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * const data = new TextEncoder().encode('Messsage');
+   * const iv = new Uint8Array([...]); // Initialization vector
+   * const additionalData = new Uint8Array([...]); // Optional additional authenticated data
+   * const key = { ... }; // A Jwk object representing an AES key
+   * const encryptedData = await AesGcm.encrypt({
+   *   data,
+   *   iv,
+   *   additionalData,
+   *   key,
+   *   tagLength: 128 // Optional tag length in bits
+   * });
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param params - The parameters for the encryption operation.
+   * @param params.key - The key to use for encryption, represented in JWK format.
+   * @param params.data - The data to encrypt, represented as a Uint8Array.
+   * @param params.iv - The initialization vector, represented as a Uint8Array.
+   * @param params.additionalData - Optional additional authenticated data. Optional.
+   * @param params.tagLength - The length of the authentication tag in bits. Optional.
+   *
+   * @returns A Promise that resolves to the encrypted data as a Uint8Array.
+   */
+  public static async encrypt({ data, iv, key, additionalData, tagLength }: {
+    key: Jwk;
+    data: Uint8Array;
+    iv: Uint8Array;
+    additionalData?: Uint8Array;
+    tagLength?: typeof AES_GCM_TAG_LENGTHS[number];
+  }): Promise<Uint8Array> {
+    // Validate the initialization vector length.
+    if (iv.byteLength !== AES_GCM_IV_LENGTH / 8) {
+      throw new TypeError(`The initialization vector must be ${AES_GCM_IV_LENGTH} bits in length`);
+    }
+
+    // Validate the tag length.
+    if (tagLength && !AES_GCM_TAG_LENGTHS.includes(tagLength as any)) {
+      throw new RangeError(`The tag length is invalid: Must be ${AES_GCM_TAG_LENGTHS.join(', ')} bits`);
+    }
+
+    // Get the Web Crypto API interface.
+    const webCrypto = getWebcryptoSubtle();
+
+    // Import the JWK into the Web Crypto API to use for the encrypt operation.
+    const webCryptoKey = await webCrypto.importKey('jwk', key, { name: 'AES-GCM' }, true, ['encrypt']);
+
+    // Note: Some browser implementations of the Web Crypto API throw an error if additionalData or
+    // tagLength are undefined, so only include them in the algorithm object if they are defined.
+    const algorithm = {
+      name: 'AES-GCM',
+      iv,
+      ...(tagLength && { tagLength }),
+      ...(additionalData && { additionalData})
+    };
+
+    // Encrypt the data.
+    const ciphertextBuffer = await webCrypto.encrypt(algorithm, webCryptoKey, data);
+
+    // Convert from ArrayBuffer to Uint8Array.
+    const ciphertext = new Uint8Array(ciphertextBuffer);
+
+    return ciphertext;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generates a symmetric key for AES in Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) in JSON Web Key (JWK) format.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This method creates a new symmetric key of a specified length suitable for use with
+   * AES-GCM encryption. It leverages cryptographically secure random number generation
+   * to ensure the uniqueness and security of the key. The generated key adheres to the JWK
+   * format, facilitating compatibility with common cryptographic standards and ease of use
+   * in various cryptographic applications.
+   *
+   * The generated key includes these components:
+   * - `kty`: Key Type, set to 'oct' for Octet Sequence, indicating a symmetric key.
+   * - `k`: The symmetric key component, base64url-encoded.
+   * - `kid`: Key ID, generated based on the JWK thumbprint, providing a unique identifier.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * const length = 256; // Length of the key in bits (e.g., 128, 192, 256)
+   * const privateKey = await AesGcm.generateKey({ length });
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param params - The parameters for the key generation.
+   * @param params.length - The length of the key in bits. Common lengths are 128, 192, and 256 bits.
+   *
+   * @returns A Promise that resolves to the generated symmetric key in JWK format.
+   */
+  public static async generateKey({ length }: {
+    length: typeof AES_KEY_LENGTHS[number];
+  }): Promise<Jwk> {
+    // Validate the key length.
+    if (!AES_KEY_LENGTHS.includes(length as any)) {
+      throw new RangeError(`The key length is invalid: Must be ${AES_KEY_LENGTHS.join(', ')} bits`);
+    }
+
+    // Get the Web Crypto API interface.
+    const webCrypto = getWebcryptoSubtle();
+
+    // Generate a random private key.
+    // See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Crypto/getRandomValues#usage_notes for
+    // an explanation for why Web Crypto generateKey() is used instead of getRandomValues().
+    const webCryptoKey = await webCrypto.generateKey( { name: 'AES-GCM', length }, true, ['encrypt']);
+
+    // Export the private key in JWK format.
+    const { ext, key_ops, ...privateKey } = await webCrypto.exportKey('jwk', webCryptoKey);
+
+    // Compute the JWK thumbprint and set as the key ID.
+    privateKey.kid = await computeJwkThumbprint({ jwk: privateKey });
+
+    return privateKey;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts a private key from JSON Web Key (JWK) format to a raw byte array (Uint8Array).
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This method takes a symmetric key in JWK format and extracts its raw byte representation.
+   * It focuses on the 'k' parameter of the JWK, which represents the symmetric key component
+   * in base64url encoding. The method decodes this value into a byte array, providing
+   * the symmetric key in its raw binary form.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * const privateKey = { ... }; // A symmetric key in JWK format
+   * const privateKeyBytes = await AesGcm.privateKeyToBytes({ privateKey });
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param params - The parameters for the symmetric key conversion.
+   * @param params.privateKey - The symmetric key in JWK format.
+   *
+   * @returns A Promise that resolves to the symmetric key as a Uint8Array.
+   */
+  public static async privateKeyToBytes({ privateKey }: {
+    privateKey: Jwk;
+  }): Promise<Uint8Array> {
+    // Verify the provided JWK represents a valid oct private key.
+    if (!isOctPrivateJwk(privateKey)) {
+      throw new Error(`AesGcm: The provided key is not a valid oct private key.`);
+    }
+
+    // Decode the provided private key to bytes.
+    const privateKeyBytes = Convert.base64Url(privateKey.k).toUint8Array();
+
+    return privateKeyBytes;
+  }
+}

package/src/primitives/concat-kdf.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+import { sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
+import { Convert, universalTypeOf } from '@enbox/common';
+import { TypedArray, concatBytes } from '@noble/hashes/utils';
+
+/**
+ * ConcatKDF FixedInfo Parameters.
+ *
+ * This implementation follows the recommended format for `FixedInfo` specified in section 5.8.2
+ * of the NIST.800-56A publication.
+ *
+ * @see {@link https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-56Ar3.pdf | NIST.800-56A}
+ * @see {@link https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7518#section-4.6.2 | RFC 7518, Section 4.6.2}
+ */
+export type ConcatKdfFixedInfo = {
+  /**
+   * The algorithm the derived secret keying material will be used with.
+   */
+  algorithmId: string;
+
+  /**
+   * Information related to party U (initiator) involved in the key agreement
+   * transaction. It could be a public key, identifier, or any other data.
+   */
+  partyUInfo: string | TypedArray;
+
+  /**
+   * Information related to party V (receiver) involved in the key
+   * agreement transaction. Similar to partyUInfo, it could be a
+   * public key, identifier, etc.
+   */
+  partyVInfo: string | TypedArray;
+
+  /**
+   * Optional field. It is usually used to ensure the uniqueness of the
+   * derived keying material when the input keying material is used in
+   * multiple key-derivation key-agreement transactions. It is usually
+   * a public value such as the keyDataLen.
+   */
+  suppPubInfo?: number;
+
+  /**
+   * Optional field. It is used when it is desired to secretively
+   * bind additional information into the derived keying material.
+   * It is a secret value agreed upon by the entities who are party
+   * to the key agreement.
+   */
+  suppPrivInfo?: string | TypedArray;
+}
+
+/**
+ * An implementation of the Concatenation Key Derivation Function (ConcatKDF)
+ * as specified in NIST.800-56A, a single-step key-derivation function (SSKDF).
+ * ConcatKDF produces a derived key from a secret key (like a shared secret
+ * from ECDH), and other optional public information. This implementation
+ * specifically uses SHA-256 as the pseudorandom function (PRF).
+ *
+ * Note: This implementation allows for only a single round / repetition using the function
+ *       `K(1) = H(counter || Z || FixedInfo)`, where:
+ *   - `K(1)` is the derived key material after one round
+ *   - `H` is the SHA-256 hashing function
+ *   - `counter` is a 32-bit, big-endian bit string counter set to 0x00000001
+ *   - `Z` is the shared secret value obtained from a key agreement protocol
+ *   - `FixedInfo` is a bit string used to ensure that the derived keying material is adequately
+ *     "bound" to the key-agreement transaction.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // Key Derivation
+ * const derivedKeyingMaterial = await ConcatKdf.deriveKey({
+ *   sharedSecret: utils.randomBytes(32),
+ *   keyDataLen: 128,
+ *   fixedInfo: {
+ *     algorithmId: "A128GCM",
+ *     partyUInfo: "Alice",
+ *     partyVInfo: "Bob",
+ *     suppPubInfo: 128,
+ *   },
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Additional Information:
+ *
+ * `Z`, or "shared secret":
+ *   The shared secret value obtained from a key agreement protocol, such as
+ *   Diffie-Hellman, ECDH (Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman). Importantly, this
+ *   shared secret is not directly used as the encryption or authentication
+ *   key, but as an input to a key derivation function (KDF), such as Concat
+ *   KDF, to generate the actual key. This adds an extra layer of security, as
+ *   even if the shared secret gets compromised, the actual  encryption or
+ *   authentication key stays safe. This shared secret `Z` value is kept
+ *   confidential between the two parties in the key agreement protocol.
+ *
+ * @see {@link https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-56Ar3.pdf | NIST.800-56A}
+ * @see {@link https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7518#section-4.6.2 | RFC 7518, Section 4.6.2}
+ */
+export class ConcatKdf {
+  /**
+   * Derives a key of a specified length from the input parameters.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * // Key Derivation
+   * const derivedKeyingMaterial = await ConcatKdf.deriveKey({
+   *   sharedSecret: utils.randomBytes(32),
+   *   keyDataLen: 128,
+   *   fixedInfo: {
+   *     algorithmId: "A128GCM",
+   *     partyUInfo: "Alice",
+   *     partyVInfo: "Bob",
+   *     suppPubInfo: 128,
+   *   },
+   * });
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param params - Input parameters for key derivation.
+   * @param params.keyDataLen - The desired length of the derived key in bits.
+   * @param params.sharedSecret - The shared secret key to derive from.
+   * @param params.fixedInfo - Additional public information to use in key derivation.
+   * @returns The derived key as a Uint8Array.
+   *
+   * @throws {Error} If the `keyDataLen` would require multiple rounds.
+   */
+  public static async deriveKey({ keyDataLen, fixedInfo, sharedSecret }: {
+    keyDataLen: number;
+    fixedInfo: ConcatKdfFixedInfo;
+    sharedSecret: Uint8Array;
+  }): Promise<Uint8Array> {
+    // RFC 7518 Section 4.6.2 specifies using SHA-256 for ECDH key agreement:
+    // "Key derivation is performed using the Concat KDF, as defined in
+    // Section 5.8.1 of [NIST.800-56A], where the Digest Method is SHA-256."
+    // Reference: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7518#section-4.6.2
+    const hashLen = 256;
+
+    // This implementation only supports single round Concat KDF.
+    const roundCount = Math.ceil(keyDataLen / hashLen);
+    if (roundCount !== 1) {
+      throw new Error(`Concat KDF with ${roundCount} rounds not supported.`);
+    }
+
+    // Initialize a 32-bit, big-endian bit string counter as 0x00000001.
+    const counter = new Uint8Array(4);
+    new DataView(counter.buffer).setUint32(0, roundCount);
+
+    // Compute the FixedInfo bit-string.
+    const fixedInfoBytes = ConcatKdf.computeFixedInfo(fixedInfo);
+
+    // Compute K(i) = H(counter || Z || FixedInfo)
+    // return concatBytes(counter, sharedSecretZ, fixedInfo);
+    const derivedKeyingMaterial = sha256(concatBytes(counter, sharedSecret, fixedInfoBytes));
+
+    // Return the bit string of derived keying material of length keyDataLen bits.
+    return derivedKeyingMaterial.slice(0, keyDataLen / 8);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the `FixedInfo` parameter for Concat KDF, which binds the derived key material to the
+   * context of the key agreement transaction.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This implementation follows the recommended format for `FixedInfo` specified in section
+   * 5.8.1.2.1 of the NIST.800-56A publication.
+   *
+   * `FixedInfo` is a bit string equal to the following concatenation:
+   * `AlgorithmID || PartyUInfo || PartyVInfo {|| SuppPubInfo }{|| SuppPrivInfo }`.
+   *
+   * `SuppPubInfo` is the key length in bits, big endian encoded as a 32-bit number. For example,
+   * 128 would be [0, 0, 0, 128] and 256 would be [0, 0, 1, 0].
+   *
+   * @param params - Input data to construct FixedInfo.
+   * @returns FixedInfo as a Uint8Array.
+   */
+  private static computeFixedInfo(params:
+    ConcatKdfFixedInfo
+  ): Uint8Array {
+    // Required sub-fields.
+    const algorithmId = ConcatKdf.toDataLenData({ data: params.algorithmId });
+    const partyUInfo = ConcatKdf.toDataLenData({ data: params.partyUInfo });
+    const partyVInfo = ConcatKdf.toDataLenData({ data: params.partyVInfo });
+    // Optional sub-fields.
+    const suppPubInfo = ConcatKdf.toDataLenData({ data: params.suppPubInfo, variableLength: false });
+    const suppPrivInfo = ConcatKdf.toDataLenData({ data: params.suppPrivInfo });
+
+    // Concatenate AlgorithmID || PartyUInfo || PartyVInfo || SuppPubInfo || SuppPrivInfo.
+    const fixedInfo = concatBytes(algorithmId, partyUInfo, partyVInfo, suppPubInfo, suppPrivInfo);
+
+    return fixedInfo;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Encodes input data as a length-prefixed byte string, or
+   * as a fixed-length bit string if specified.
+   *
+   * If variableLength = true, return the data in the form Datalen || Data,
+   * where Data is a variable-length string of zero or more (eight-bit)
+   * bytes, and Datalen is a fixed-length, big-endian counter that
+   * indicates the length (in bytes) of Data.
+   *
+   * If variableLength = false, return the data formatted as a
+   * fixed-length bit string.
+   *
+   * @param params - Input data and options for the conversion.
+   * @param params.data - The input data to encode. Must be a type convertible to Uint8Array by the Convert class.
+   * @param params.variableLength - Whether to output the data as variable length. Default is true.
+   *
+   * @returns The input data encoded as a Uint8Array.
+   *
+   * @throws {TypeError} If fixed-length data is not a number.
+   */
+  private static toDataLenData({ data, variableLength = true }: {
+    data: unknown;
+    variableLength?: boolean;
+  }): Uint8Array {
+    let encodedData: Uint8Array;
+    const dataType = universalTypeOf(data);
+
+    // Return an emtpy octet sequence if data is not specified.
+    if (dataType === 'Undefined') {
+      return new Uint8Array(0);
+    }
+
+    if (variableLength) {
+      const dataU8A = (dataType === 'Uint8Array')
+        ? data as Uint8Array
+        : new Convert(data, dataType).toUint8Array();
+      const bufferLength = dataU8A.length;
+      encodedData = new Uint8Array(4 + bufferLength);
+      new DataView(encodedData.buffer).setUint32(0, bufferLength);
+      encodedData.set(dataU8A, 4);
+
+    } else {
+      if (typeof data !== 'number') {
+        throw TypeError('Fixed length input must be a number.');
+      }
+      encodedData = new Uint8Array(4);
+      new DataView(encodedData.buffer).setUint32(0, data);
+    }
+
+    return encodedData;
+  }
+}