@emasoft/svg-matrix 1.0.10 → 1.0.12

package/src/flatten-pipeline.js

@@ -0,0 +1,992 @@
+/**
+ * Flatten Pipeline - Comprehensive SVG flattening with all transform dependencies resolved
+ *
+ * A TRUE flattened SVG has:
+ * - NO transform attributes anywhere
+ * - NO clipPath references (boolean operations pre-applied)
+ * - NO mask references (converted to clipped geometry)
+ * - NO use/symbol references (instances pre-expanded)
+ * - NO pattern fill references (patterns pre-tiled)
+ * - NO marker references (markers pre-instantiated)
+ * - NO gradient transforms (gradientTransform pre-baked)
+ *
+ * @module flatten-pipeline
+ */
+
+import Decimal from 'decimal.js';
+import { Matrix } from './matrix.js';
+import * as Transforms2D from './transforms2d.js';
+import * as SVGFlatten from './svg-flatten.js';
+import * as ClipPathResolver from './clip-path-resolver.js';
+import * as MaskResolver from './mask-resolver.js';
+import * as UseSymbolResolver from './use-symbol-resolver.js';
+import * as PatternResolver from './pattern-resolver.js';
+import * as MarkerResolver from './marker-resolver.js';
+import * as MeshGradient from './mesh-gradient.js';
+import * as GeometryToPath from './geometry-to-path.js';
+import { parseSVG, SVGElement, buildDefsMap, parseUrlReference, serializeSVG, findElementsWithAttribute } from './svg-parser.js';
+import { Logger } from './logger.js';
+
+Decimal.set({ precision: 80 });
+
+const D = x => (x instanceof Decimal ? x : new Decimal(x));
+
+/**
+ * Default options for flatten pipeline.
+ */
+const DEFAULT_OPTIONS = {
+  precision: 6,              // Decimal places in output coordinates
+  curveSegments: 20,         // Samples per curve for polygon conversion
+  resolveUse: true,          // Expand <use> elements
+  resolveMarkers: true,      // Expand marker instances
+  resolvePatterns: true,     // Expand pattern fills to geometry
+  resolveMasks: true,        // Convert masks to clip paths
+  resolveClipPaths: true,    // Apply clipPath boolean operations
+  flattenTransforms: true,   // Bake transform attributes into coordinates
+  bakeGradients: true,       // Bake gradientTransform into gradient coords
+  removeUnusedDefs: true,    // Remove defs that are no longer referenced
+  preserveIds: false,        // Keep original IDs on expanded elements
+};
+
+/**
+ * Flatten an SVG string completely - no transform dependencies remain.
+ *
+ * @param {string} svgString - Raw SVG content
+ * @param {Object} [options] - Pipeline options
+ * @param {number} [options.precision=6] - Decimal places in output
+ * @param {number} [options.curveSegments=20] - Samples per curve
+ * @param {boolean} [options.resolveUse=true] - Expand use elements
+ * @param {boolean} [options.resolveMarkers=true] - Expand markers
+ * @param {boolean} [options.resolvePatterns=true] - Expand patterns
+ * @param {boolean} [options.resolveMasks=true] - Convert masks to clips
+ * @param {boolean} [options.resolveClipPaths=true] - Apply clipPath booleans
+ * @param {boolean} [options.flattenTransforms=true] - Bake transforms
+ * @param {boolean} [options.bakeGradients=true] - Bake gradient transforms
+ * @param {boolean} [options.removeUnusedDefs=true] - Clean up defs
+ * @returns {{svg: string, stats: Object}} Flattened SVG and statistics
+ */
+export function flattenSVG(svgString, options = {}) {
+  const opts = { ...DEFAULT_OPTIONS, ...options };
+  const stats = {
+    useResolved: 0,
+    markersResolved: 0,
+    patternsResolved: 0,
+    masksResolved: 0,
+    clipPathsApplied: 0,
+    transformsFlattened: 0,
+    gradientsProcessed: 0,
+    defsRemoved: 0,
+    errors: [],
+  };
+
+  try {
+    // Parse SVG
+    const root = parseSVG(svgString);
+    if (root.tagName !== 'svg') {
+      throw new Error('Root element must be <svg>');
+    }
+
+    // Build defs map
+    let defsMap = buildDefsMap(root);
+
+    // Step 1: Resolve <use> elements (must be first - creates new geometry)
+    if (opts.resolveUse) {
+      const result = resolveAllUseElements(root, defsMap, opts);
+      stats.useResolved = result.count;
+      stats.errors.push(...result.errors);
+      defsMap = buildDefsMap(root); // Rebuild after modifications
+    }
+
+    // Step 2: Resolve markers (adds geometry to paths)
+    if (opts.resolveMarkers) {
+      const result = resolveAllMarkers(root, defsMap, opts);
+      stats.markersResolved = result.count;
+      stats.errors.push(...result.errors);
+    }
+
+    // Step 3: Resolve patterns (expand pattern fills)
+    if (opts.resolvePatterns) {
+      const result = resolveAllPatterns(root, defsMap, opts);
+      stats.patternsResolved = result.count;
+      stats.errors.push(...result.errors);
+    }
+
+    // Step 4: Resolve masks (convert to clip geometry)
+    if (opts.resolveMasks) {
+      const result = resolveAllMasks(root, defsMap, opts);
+      stats.masksResolved = result.count;
+      stats.errors.push(...result.errors);
+    }
+
+    // Step 5: Apply clipPaths (boolean intersection)
+    if (opts.resolveClipPaths) {
+      const result = applyAllClipPaths(root, defsMap, opts);
+      stats.clipPathsApplied = result.count;
+      stats.errors.push(...result.errors);
+    }
+
+    // Step 6: Flatten transforms (bake into coordinates)
+    if (opts.flattenTransforms) {
+      const result = flattenAllTransforms(root, opts);
+      stats.transformsFlattened = result.count;
+      stats.errors.push(...result.errors);
+    }
+
+    // Step 7: Bake gradient transforms
+    if (opts.bakeGradients) {
+      const result = bakeAllGradientTransforms(root, opts);
+      stats.gradientsProcessed = result.count;
+      stats.errors.push(...result.errors);
+    }
+
+    // Step 8: Remove unused defs
+    if (opts.removeUnusedDefs) {
+      const result = removeUnusedDefinitions(root);
+      stats.defsRemoved = result.count;
+    }
+
+    // Serialize back to SVG
+    const svg = serializeSVG(root);
+
+    return { svg, stats };
+
+  } catch (error) {
+    stats.errors.push(`Pipeline error: ${error.message}`);
+    return { svg: svgString, stats }; // Return original on failure
+  }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// STEP 1: RESOLVE USE ELEMENTS
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Resolve all <use> elements by expanding them inline.
+ * @private
+ */
+function resolveAllUseElements(root, defsMap, opts) {
+  const errors = [];
+  let count = 0;
+
+  const useElements = root.getElementsByTagName('use');
+
+  for (const useEl of [...useElements]) { // Clone array since we modify DOM
+    try {
+      const href = useEl.getAttribute('href') || useEl.getAttribute('xlink:href');
+      if (!href) continue;
+
+      const refId = href.replace(/^#/, '');
+      const refEl = defsMap.get(refId);
+
+      if (!refEl) {
+        errors.push(`use: referenced element #${refId} not found`);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Parse use element data
+      const useData = UseSymbolResolver.parseUseElement(useEl);
+
+      // Resolve the use
+      const resolved = UseSymbolResolver.resolveUse(useData, Object.fromEntries(defsMap), {
+        samples: opts.curveSegments
+      });
+
+      if (!resolved) {
+        errors.push(`use: failed to resolve #${refId}`);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Convert resolved to path data
+      const pathData = UseSymbolResolver.resolvedUseToPathData(resolved, opts.curveSegments);
+
+      if (pathData) {
+        // Create new path element to replace <use>
+        const pathEl = new SVGElement('path', {
+          d: pathData,
+          ...extractPresentationAttrs(useEl)
+        });
+
+        // Copy style attributes from resolved
+        if (resolved.style) {
+          for (const [key, val] of Object.entries(resolved.style)) {
+            if (val && !pathEl.hasAttribute(key)) {
+              pathEl.setAttribute(key, val);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Replace use with path
+        if (useEl.parentNode) {
+          useEl.parentNode.replaceChild(pathEl, useEl);
+          count++;
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      errors.push(`use: ${e.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { count, errors };
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// STEP 2: RESOLVE MARKERS
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Resolve all marker references by instantiating marker geometry.
+ * @private
+ */
+function resolveAllMarkers(root, defsMap, opts) {
+  const errors = [];
+  let count = 0;
+
+  // Find all elements with marker attributes
+  const markerAttrs = ['marker-start', 'marker-mid', 'marker-end', 'marker'];
+
+  for (const attrName of markerAttrs) {
+    const elements = findElementsWithAttribute(root, attrName);
+
+    for (const el of elements) {
+      if (el.tagName !== 'path' && el.tagName !== 'line' && el.tagName !== 'polyline' && el.tagName !== 'polygon') {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      try {
+        // Resolve markers for this element
+        const markerInstances = MarkerResolver.resolveMarkers(el, Object.fromEntries(defsMap));
+
+        if (!markerInstances || markerInstances.length === 0) continue;
+
+        // Convert markers to path data
+        const markerPathData = MarkerResolver.markersToPathData(markerInstances, opts.precision);
+
+        if (markerPathData) {
+          // Create new path element for marker geometry
+          const markerPath = new SVGElement('path', {
+            d: markerPathData,
+            fill: el.getAttribute('stroke') || 'currentColor', // Markers typically use stroke color
+          });
+
+          // Insert after the original element
+          if (el.parentNode) {
+            const nextSibling = el.nextSibling;
+            if (nextSibling) {
+              el.parentNode.insertBefore(markerPath, nextSibling);
+            } else {
+              el.parentNode.appendChild(markerPath);
+            }
+            count++;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Remove marker attributes from original element
+        for (const attr of markerAttrs) {
+          el.removeAttribute(attr);
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        errors.push(`marker: ${e.message}`);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { count, errors };
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// STEP 3: RESOLVE PATTERNS
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Resolve pattern fills by expanding to tiled geometry.
+ * @private
+ */
+function resolveAllPatterns(root, defsMap, opts) {
+  const errors = [];
+  let count = 0;
+
+  const elementsWithFill = findElementsWithAttribute(root, 'fill');
+
+  for (const el of elementsWithFill) {
+    const fill = el.getAttribute('fill');
+    if (!fill || !fill.includes('url(')) continue;
+
+    const refId = parseUrlReference(fill);
+    if (!refId) continue;
+
+    const patternEl = defsMap.get(refId);
+    if (!patternEl || patternEl.tagName !== 'pattern') continue;
+
+    try {
+      // Get element bounding box (approximate from path data or attributes)
+      const bbox = getElementBBox(el);
+      if (!bbox) continue;
+
+      // Parse pattern
+      const patternData = PatternResolver.parsePatternElement(patternEl);
+
+      // Resolve pattern to path data
+      const patternPathData = PatternResolver.patternToPathData(patternData, bbox, {
+        samples: opts.curveSegments
+      });
+
+      if (patternPathData) {
+        // Create group with clipped pattern geometry
+        const patternGroup = new SVGElement('g', {});
+
+        const patternPath = new SVGElement('path', {
+          d: patternPathData,
+          fill: '#000', // Pattern content typically has its own fill
+        });
+
+        patternGroup.appendChild(patternPath);
+
+        // Replace fill with pattern geometry (clip to original shape)
+        el.setAttribute('fill', 'none');
+        el.setAttribute('stroke', el.getAttribute('stroke') || 'none');
+
+        if (el.parentNode) {
+          el.parentNode.insertBefore(patternGroup, el);
+          count++;
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      errors.push(`pattern: ${e.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { count, errors };
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// STEP 4: RESOLVE MASKS
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Resolve mask references by converting to clip geometry.
+ * @private
+ */
+function resolveAllMasks(root, defsMap, opts) {
+  const errors = [];
+  let count = 0;
+
+  const elementsWithMask = findElementsWithAttribute(root, 'mask');
+
+  for (const el of elementsWithMask) {
+    const maskRef = el.getAttribute('mask');
+    if (!maskRef || !maskRef.includes('url(')) continue;
+
+    const refId = parseUrlReference(maskRef);
+    if (!refId) continue;
+
+    const maskEl = defsMap.get(refId);
+    if (!maskEl || maskEl.tagName !== 'mask') continue;
+
+    try {
+      // Get element bounding box
+      const bbox = getElementBBox(el);
+      if (!bbox) continue;
+
+      // Parse mask
+      const maskData = MaskResolver.parseMaskElement(maskEl);
+
+      // Convert mask to clip path data
+      const clipPathData = MaskResolver.maskToPathData(maskData, bbox, {
+        samples: opts.curveSegments,
+        opacityThreshold: 0.5
+      });
+
+      if (clipPathData) {
+        // Get original element's path data
+        const origPathData = getElementPathData(el, opts.precision);
+
+        if (origPathData) {
+          // Perform boolean intersection
+          const origPolygon = ClipPathResolver.pathToPolygon(origPathData, opts.curveSegments);
+          const clipPolygon = ClipPathResolver.pathToPolygon(clipPathData, opts.curveSegments);
+
+          // Apply clip (intersection)
+          const clippedPolygon = intersectPolygons(origPolygon, clipPolygon);
+
+          if (clippedPolygon && clippedPolygon.length > 2) {
+            const clippedPath = ClipPathResolver.polygonToPathData(clippedPolygon, opts.precision);
+            el.setAttribute('d', clippedPath);
+            el.removeAttribute('mask');
+            count++;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      errors.push(`mask: ${e.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { count, errors };
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// STEP 5: APPLY CLIP PATHS
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Apply clipPath references by performing boolean intersection.
+ * @private
+ */
+function applyAllClipPaths(root, defsMap, opts) {
+  const errors = [];
+  let count = 0;
+
+  const elementsWithClip = findElementsWithAttribute(root, 'clip-path');
+
+  for (const el of elementsWithClip) {
+    const clipRef = el.getAttribute('clip-path');
+    if (!clipRef || !clipRef.includes('url(')) continue;
+
+    const refId = parseUrlReference(clipRef);
+    if (!refId) continue;
+
+    const clipPathEl = defsMap.get(refId);
+    if (!clipPathEl || clipPathEl.tagName !== 'clippath') continue;
+
+    try {
+      // Get element path data
+      const origPathData = getElementPathData(el, opts.precision);
+      if (!origPathData) continue;
+
+      // Get clip path data from clipPath element's children
+      let clipPathData = '';
+      for (const child of clipPathEl.children) {
+        if (child instanceof SVGElement) {
+          const childPath = getElementPathData(child, opts.precision);
+          if (childPath) {
+            clipPathData += (clipPathData ? ' ' : '') + childPath;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!clipPathData) continue;
+
+      // Convert to polygons
+      const origPolygon = ClipPathResolver.pathToPolygon(origPathData, opts.curveSegments);
+      const clipPolygon = ClipPathResolver.pathToPolygon(clipPathData, opts.curveSegments);
+
+      // Perform intersection
+      const clippedPolygon = intersectPolygons(origPolygon, clipPolygon);
+
+      if (clippedPolygon && clippedPolygon.length > 2) {
+        const clippedPath = ClipPathResolver.polygonToPathData(clippedPolygon, opts.precision);
+
+        // Update element
+        if (el.tagName === 'path') {
+          el.setAttribute('d', clippedPath);
+        } else {
+          // Convert shape to path
+          const newPath = new SVGElement('path', {
+            d: clippedPath,
+            ...extractPresentationAttrs(el)
+          });
+
+          if (el.parentNode) {
+            el.parentNode.replaceChild(newPath, el);
+          }
+        }
+
+        el.removeAttribute('clip-path');
+        count++;
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      errors.push(`clipPath: ${e.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { count, errors };
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// STEP 6: FLATTEN TRANSFORMS
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Flatten all transform attributes by baking into coordinates.
+ * @private
+ */
+function flattenAllTransforms(root, opts) {
+  const errors = [];
+  let count = 0;
+
+  const elementsWithTransform = findElementsWithAttribute(root, 'transform');
+
+  for (const el of elementsWithTransform) {
+    const transform = el.getAttribute('transform');
+    if (!transform) continue;
+
+    try {
+      // Parse transform to matrix
+      const ctm = SVGFlatten.parseTransformAttribute(transform);
+
+      // Get element path data
+      const pathData = getElementPathData(el, opts.precision);
+      if (!pathData) {
+        // For groups, propagate transform to children
+        if (el.tagName === 'g') {
+          propagateTransformToChildren(el, ctm, opts);
+          el.removeAttribute('transform');
+          count++;
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Transform the path data
+      const transformedPath = SVGFlatten.transformPathData(pathData, ctm, { precision: opts.precision });
+
+      // Update or replace element
+      if (el.tagName === 'path') {
+        el.setAttribute('d', transformedPath);
+      } else {
+        // Convert shape to path with transformed coordinates
+        const newPath = new SVGElement('path', {
+          d: transformedPath,
+          ...extractPresentationAttrs(el)
+        });
+
+        // Remove shape-specific attributes
+        for (const attr of getShapeSpecificAttrs(el.tagName)) {
+          newPath.removeAttribute(attr);
+        }
+
+        if (el.parentNode) {
+          el.parentNode.replaceChild(newPath, el);
+        }
+      }
+
+      el.removeAttribute('transform');
+      count++;
+    } catch (e) {
+      errors.push(`transform: ${e.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { count, errors };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Propagate transform to all children of a group.
+ * @private
+ */
+function propagateTransformToChildren(group, ctm, opts) {
+  for (const child of [...group.children]) {
+    if (!(child instanceof SVGElement)) continue;
+
+    if (child.tagName === 'g') {
+      // Nested group - compose transforms
+      const childTransform = child.getAttribute('transform');
+      if (childTransform) {
+        const childCtm = SVGFlatten.parseTransformAttribute(childTransform);
+        const combined = ctm.mul(childCtm);
+        child.setAttribute('transform', matrixToTransform(combined));
+      } else {
+        child.setAttribute('transform', matrixToTransform(ctm));
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Shape or path - apply transform to coordinates
+      const pathData = getElementPathData(child, opts.precision);
+      if (pathData) {
+        // Compose with any existing transform
+        const childTransform = child.getAttribute('transform');
+        let combinedCtm = ctm;
+        if (childTransform) {
+          const childCtm = SVGFlatten.parseTransformAttribute(childTransform);
+          combinedCtm = ctm.mul(childCtm);
+        }
+
+        const transformedPath = SVGFlatten.transformPathData(pathData, combinedCtm, { precision: opts.precision });
+
+        if (child.tagName === 'path') {
+          child.setAttribute('d', transformedPath);
+        } else {
+          // Replace with path element
+          const newPath = new SVGElement('path', {
+            d: transformedPath,
+            ...extractPresentationAttrs(child)
+          });
+
+          group.replaceChild(newPath, child);
+        }
+
+        child.removeAttribute('transform');
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// STEP 7: BAKE GRADIENT TRANSFORMS
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Bake gradientTransform into gradient coordinates.
+ * @private
+ */
+function bakeAllGradientTransforms(root, opts) {
+  const errors = [];
+  let count = 0;
+
+  // Process linearGradient elements
+  const linearGradients = root.getElementsByTagName('linearGradient');
+  for (const grad of linearGradients) {
+    const gradientTransform = grad.getAttribute('gradientTransform');
+    if (!gradientTransform) continue;
+
+    try {
+      const ctm = SVGFlatten.parseTransformAttribute(gradientTransform);
+
+      // Transform x1,y1,x2,y2
+      const x1 = parseFloat(grad.getAttribute('x1') || '0');
+      const y1 = parseFloat(grad.getAttribute('y1') || '0');
+      const x2 = parseFloat(grad.getAttribute('x2') || '1');
+      const y2 = parseFloat(grad.getAttribute('y2') || '0');
+
+      const [tx1, ty1] = Transforms2D.applyTransform(ctm, x1, y1);
+      const [tx2, ty2] = Transforms2D.applyTransform(ctm, x2, y2);
+
+      grad.setAttribute('x1', tx1.toFixed(opts.precision));
+      grad.setAttribute('y1', ty1.toFixed(opts.precision));
+      grad.setAttribute('x2', tx2.toFixed(opts.precision));
+      grad.setAttribute('y2', ty2.toFixed(opts.precision));
+      grad.removeAttribute('gradientTransform');
+      count++;
+    } catch (e) {
+      errors.push(`linearGradient: ${e.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Process radialGradient elements
+  const radialGradients = root.getElementsByTagName('radialGradient');
+  for (const grad of radialGradients) {
+    const gradientTransform = grad.getAttribute('gradientTransform');
+    if (!gradientTransform) continue;
+
+    try {
+      const ctm = SVGFlatten.parseTransformAttribute(gradientTransform);
+
+      // Transform cx,cy,fx,fy and scale r
+      const cx = parseFloat(grad.getAttribute('cx') || '0.5');
+      const cy = parseFloat(grad.getAttribute('cy') || '0.5');
+      const fx = parseFloat(grad.getAttribute('fx') || cx.toString());
+      const fy = parseFloat(grad.getAttribute('fy') || cy.toString());
+      const r = parseFloat(grad.getAttribute('r') || '0.5');
+
+      const [tcx, tcy] = Transforms2D.applyTransform(ctm, cx, cy);
+      const [tfx, tfy] = Transforms2D.applyTransform(ctm, fx, fy);
+
+      // Scale radius by average scale factor
+      const scale = Math.sqrt(Math.abs(ctm.data[0][0].toNumber() * ctm.data[1][1].toNumber()));
+      const tr = r * scale;
+
+      grad.setAttribute('cx', tcx.toFixed(opts.precision));
+      grad.setAttribute('cy', tcy.toFixed(opts.precision));
+      grad.setAttribute('fx', tfx.toFixed(opts.precision));
+      grad.setAttribute('fy', tfy.toFixed(opts.precision));
+      grad.setAttribute('r', tr.toFixed(opts.precision));
+      grad.removeAttribute('gradientTransform');
+      count++;
+    } catch (e) {
+      errors.push(`radialGradient: ${e.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { count, errors };
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// STEP 8: REMOVE UNUSED DEFS
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Remove defs that are no longer referenced.
+ * @private
+ */
+function removeUnusedDefinitions(root) {
+  let count = 0;
+
+  // Collect all url() references in the document
+  const usedIds = new Set();
+
+  const collectReferences = (el) => {
+    for (const attrName of el.getAttributeNames()) {
+      const val = el.getAttribute(attrName);
+      if (val && val.includes('url(')) {
+        const refId = parseUrlReference(val);
+        if (refId) usedIds.add(refId);
+      }
+      if (attrName === 'href' || attrName === 'xlink:href') {
+        const refId = val?.replace(/^#/, '');
+        if (refId) usedIds.add(refId);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const child of el.children) {
+      if (child instanceof SVGElement) {
+        collectReferences(child);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  collectReferences(root);
+
+  // Remove unreferenced defs
+  const defsElements = root.getElementsByTagName('defs');
+  for (const defs of defsElements) {
+    for (const child of [...defs.children]) {
+      if (child instanceof SVGElement) {
+        const id = child.getAttribute('id');
+        if (id && !usedIds.has(id)) {
+          defs.removeChild(child);
+          count++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { count };
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// UTILITY FUNCTIONS
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Get path data from any shape element.
+ * @private
+ */
+function getElementPathData(el, precision) {
+  const tagName = el.tagName.toLowerCase();
+
+  if (tagName === 'path') {
+    return el.getAttribute('d');
+  }
+
+  // Use GeometryToPath for shape conversion
+  const getAttr = (name, def = 0) => {
+    const val = el.getAttribute(name);
+    return val !== null ? parseFloat(val) : def;
+  };
+
+  switch (tagName) {
+    case 'rect':
+      return GeometryToPath.rectToPathData(
+        getAttr('x'), getAttr('y'),
+        getAttr('width'), getAttr('height'),
+        getAttr('rx'), getAttr('ry') || null,
+        false, precision
+      );
+    case 'circle':
+      return GeometryToPath.circleToPathData(
+        getAttr('cx'), getAttr('cy'), getAttr('r'), precision
+      );
+    case 'ellipse':
+      return GeometryToPath.ellipseToPathData(
+        getAttr('cx'), getAttr('cy'),
+        getAttr('rx'), getAttr('ry'), precision
+      );
+    case 'line':
+      return GeometryToPath.lineToPathData(
+        getAttr('x1'), getAttr('y1'),
+        getAttr('x2'), getAttr('y2'), precision
+      );
+    case 'polyline':
+      return GeometryToPath.polylineToPathData(
+        el.getAttribute('points') || '', precision
+      );
+    case 'polygon':
+      return GeometryToPath.polygonToPathData(
+        el.getAttribute('points') || '', precision
+      );
+    default:
+      return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get approximate bounding box of an element.
+ * @private
+ */
+function getElementBBox(el) {
+  const pathData = getElementPathData(el, 6);
+  if (!pathData) return null;
+
+  try {
+    const polygon = ClipPathResolver.pathToPolygon(pathData, 10);
+    if (!polygon || polygon.length === 0) return null;
+
+    let minX = Infinity, minY = Infinity, maxX = -Infinity, maxY = -Infinity;
+    for (const pt of polygon) {
+      const x = pt.x instanceof Decimal ? pt.x.toNumber() : pt.x;
+      const y = pt.y instanceof Decimal ? pt.y.toNumber() : pt.y;
+      if (x < minX) minX = x;
+      if (y < minY) minY = y;
+      if (x > maxX) maxX = x;
+      if (y > maxY) maxY = y;
+    }
+
+    return { x: minX, y: minY, width: maxX - minX, height: maxY - minY };
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extract presentation attributes from element.
+ * @private
+ */
+function extractPresentationAttrs(el) {
+  const presentationAttrs = [
+    'fill', 'stroke', 'stroke-width', 'stroke-linecap', 'stroke-linejoin',
+    'stroke-dasharray', 'stroke-dashoffset', 'stroke-miterlimit', 'stroke-opacity',
+    'fill-opacity', 'opacity', 'fill-rule', 'clip-rule', 'visibility', 'display',
+    'color', 'font-family', 'font-size', 'font-weight', 'font-style',
+    'text-anchor', 'dominant-baseline', 'class', 'style'
+  ];
+
+  const attrs = {};
+  for (const name of presentationAttrs) {
+    const val = el.getAttribute(name);
+    if (val !== null) {
+      attrs[name] = val;
+    }
+  }
+  return attrs;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get shape-specific attribute names.
+ * @private
+ */
+function getShapeSpecificAttrs(tagName) {
+  const attrs = {
+    rect: ['x', 'y', 'width', 'height', 'rx', 'ry'],
+    circle: ['cx', 'cy', 'r'],
+    ellipse: ['cx', 'cy', 'rx', 'ry'],
+    line: ['x1', 'y1', 'x2', 'y2'],
+    polyline: ['points'],
+    polygon: ['points'],
+  };
+  return attrs[tagName.toLowerCase()] || [];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert matrix to transform attribute string.
+ * @private
+ */
+function matrixToTransform(matrix) {
+  const a = matrix.data[0][0].toNumber();
+  const b = matrix.data[1][0].toNumber();
+  const c = matrix.data[0][1].toNumber();
+  const d = matrix.data[1][1].toNumber();
+  const e = matrix.data[0][2].toNumber();
+  const f = matrix.data[1][2].toNumber();
+  return `matrix(${a} ${b} ${c} ${d} ${e} ${f})`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Intersect two polygons using Sutherland-Hodgman algorithm.
+ * @private
+ */
+function intersectPolygons(subject, clip) {
+  // Use PolygonClip if available, otherwise simple implementation
+  try {
+    const PolygonClip = require('./polygon-clip.js');
+    if (PolygonClip.intersect) {
+      return PolygonClip.intersect(subject, clip);
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // Fall through to simple implementation
+  }
+
+  // Simple convex clip implementation
+  if (!subject || subject.length < 3 || !clip || clip.length < 3) {
+    return subject;
+  }
+
+  let output = [...subject];
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < clip.length; i++) {
+    if (output.length === 0) break;
+
+    const input = output;
+    output = [];
+
+    const edgeStart = clip[i];
+    const edgeEnd = clip[(i + 1) % clip.length];
+
+    for (let j = 0; j < input.length; j++) {
+      const current = input[j];
+      const next = input[(j + 1) % input.length];
+
+      const currentInside = isInsideEdge(current, edgeStart, edgeEnd);
+      const nextInside = isInsideEdge(next, edgeStart, edgeEnd);
+
+      if (currentInside) {
+        output.push(current);
+        if (!nextInside) {
+          output.push(lineIntersect(current, next, edgeStart, edgeEnd));
+        }
+      } else if (nextInside) {
+        output.push(lineIntersect(current, next, edgeStart, edgeEnd));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return output;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if point is inside edge (left side).
+ * @private
+ */
+function isInsideEdge(point, edgeStart, edgeEnd) {
+  const px = point.x instanceof Decimal ? point.x.toNumber() : point.x;
+  const py = point.y instanceof Decimal ? point.y.toNumber() : point.y;
+  const sx = edgeStart.x instanceof Decimal ? edgeStart.x.toNumber() : edgeStart.x;
+  const sy = edgeStart.y instanceof Decimal ? edgeStart.y.toNumber() : edgeStart.y;
+  const ex = edgeEnd.x instanceof Decimal ? edgeEnd.x.toNumber() : edgeEnd.x;
+  const ey = edgeEnd.y instanceof Decimal ? edgeEnd.y.toNumber() : edgeEnd.y;
+
+  return (ex - sx) * (py - sy) - (ey - sy) * (px - sx) >= 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find intersection point of two lines.
+ * @private
+ */
+function lineIntersect(p1, p2, p3, p4) {
+  const x1 = p1.x instanceof Decimal ? p1.x.toNumber() : p1.x;
+  const y1 = p1.y instanceof Decimal ? p1.y.toNumber() : p1.y;
+  const x2 = p2.x instanceof Decimal ? p2.x.toNumber() : p2.x;
+  const y2 = p2.y instanceof Decimal ? p2.y.toNumber() : p2.y;
+  const x3 = p3.x instanceof Decimal ? p3.x.toNumber() : p3.x;
+  const y3 = p3.y instanceof Decimal ? p3.y.toNumber() : p3.y;
+  const x4 = p4.x instanceof Decimal ? p4.x.toNumber() : p4.x;
+  const y4 = p4.y instanceof Decimal ? p4.y.toNumber() : p4.y;
+
+  const denom = (x1 - x2) * (y3 - y4) - (y1 - y2) * (x3 - x4);
+  if (Math.abs(denom) < 1e-10) {
+    return { x: D((x1 + x2) / 2), y: D((y1 + y2) / 2) };
+  }
+
+  const t = ((x1 - x3) * (y3 - y4) - (y1 - y3) * (x3 - x4)) / denom;
+
+  return {
+    x: D(x1 + t * (x2 - x1)),
+    y: D(y1 + t * (y2 - y1))
+  };
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// EXPORTS
+// ============================================================================
+
+export default {
+  flattenSVG,
+  DEFAULT_OPTIONS
+};