@ekairos/sandbox 1.22.34-beta.development.0 → 1.22.35

package/dist/service.js

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
-import { Sandbox as VercelSandbox } from "@vercel/sandbox";
-import { Daytona, Image } from "@daytonaio/sdk";
+import { Sandbox as VercelSandbox, Snapshot as VercelSnapshot } from "@vercel/sandbox";
+import { Daytona } from "@daytonaio/sdk";
 import { id } from "@instantdb/admin";
 import { resolveRuntime } from "@ekairos/domain/runtime";
 import { runCommandInSandbox } from "./commands.js";
-import { execFile } from "node:child_process";
+import { buildDeclarativeImage, getDaytonaConfig, resolveDaytonaLanguage, resolveDaytonaVolumes, } from "./providers/daytona.js";
+import { resolveProvider } from "./providers/provider.js";
+import { asSpritesSandbox, getSpritesByName, parseSpritesCheckpointIdFromNdjson, provisionSpritesSandbox, spritesExec, spritesFetch, spritesJson, } from "./providers/sprites.js";
+import { isVercelSandbox, } from "./providers/types.js";
+import { provisionVercelSandbox, resolveVercelCredentials, } from "./providers/vercel.js";
+import { resolveVercelSandboxConfig, safeVercelConfigForRecord, } from "./vercel-options.js";
 import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
-import { existsSync, promises as fs } from "node:fs";
-import os from "node:os";
 import path from "node:path";
-import { promisify } from "node:util";
-const execFileAsync = promisify(execFile);
 const EKAIROS_ROOT_DIR = "/vercel/sandbox/.ekairos";
 const EKAIROS_RUNTIME_MANIFEST_PATH = `${EKAIROS_ROOT_DIR}/runtime.json`;
 const EKAIROS_HTTP_HELPER_PATH = `${EKAIROS_ROOT_DIR}/instant-http.mjs`;
@@ -17,6 +18,8 @@ const EKAIROS_QUERY_SCRIPT_PATH = `${EKAIROS_ROOT_DIR}/query.mjs`;
 const CODEX_HOME_DIR = "/vercel/sandbox/.codex";
 const CODEX_SKILLS_DIR = `${CODEX_HOME_DIR}/skills`;
 const INSTANT_API_BASE_URL = "https://api.instantdb.com";
+const SANDBOX_PROCESS_STREAM_VERSION = 1;
+const SANDBOX_PROCESS_TERMINAL_STATUSES = new Set(["exited", "failed", "killed", "lost"]);
 function formatInstantSchemaError(err) {
     const base = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
     const body = err?.body;
@@ -49,19 +52,169 @@ function formatSandboxError(err) {
         return base;
     return `${base}: ${detail}`;
 }
+function nowIso() {
+    return new Date().toISOString();
+}
+function asOptionalString(value) {
+    return typeof value === "string" && value.trim() ? value.trim() : undefined;
+}
+function sanitizeInstantString(value) {
+    return value.includes("\0") ? value.replace(/\0/g, "") : value;
+}
+function sanitizeInstantValue(value) {
+    if (typeof value === "string") {
+        return sanitizeInstantString(value);
+    }
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+        return value.map((item) => sanitizeInstantValue(item));
+    }
+    if (value && typeof value === "object" && !(value instanceof Date)) {
+        const sanitized = {};
+        for (const [key, entry] of Object.entries(value)) {
+            sanitized[key] = sanitizeInstantValue(entry);
+        }
+        return sanitized;
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+function createSandboxProcessStreamClientId(processId) {
+    const normalized = String(processId ?? "").trim();
+    if (!normalized)
+        throw new Error("sandbox_process_id_required");
+    return `sandbox-process:${normalized}`;
+}
+function encodeSandboxProcessStreamChunk(chunk) {
+    return `${JSON.stringify(chunk)}\n`;
+}
+function parseSandboxProcessStreamChunk(value) {
+    const parsed = typeof value === "string" ? JSON.parse(value) : value;
+    if (!parsed || typeof parsed !== "object") {
+        throw new Error("invalid_sandbox_process_stream_chunk");
+    }
+    const record = parsed;
+    if (record.version !== SANDBOX_PROCESS_STREAM_VERSION) {
+        throw new Error(`invalid_sandbox_process_stream_version:${String(record.version)}`);
+    }
+    return record;
+}
+function sandboxProcessFinishedHookToken(processId) {
+    return `sandbox-process:${processId}:finished`;
+}
+async function resumeSandboxProcessHook(processId, payload) {
+    try {
+        const { resumeHook } = await import("workflow/api");
+        await resumeHook(sandboxProcessFinishedHookToken(processId), payload);
+    }
+    catch {
+        // No workflow may be listening; process metadata and streams remain the source of truth.
+    }
+}
+function commandResultFromProcessStream(params) {
+    const stdout = params.chunks
+        .filter((chunk) => chunk.type === "stdout")
+        .map((chunk) => String(chunk.data?.text ?? ""))
+        .join("");
+    const stderr = params.chunks
+        .filter((chunk) => chunk.type === "stderr" || chunk.type === "error")
+        .map((chunk) => String(chunk.data?.text ?? chunk.data?.message ?? ""))
+        .join("");
+    const exitChunk = [...params.chunks].reverse().find((chunk) => chunk.type === "exit");
+    const exitCode = Number(exitChunk?.data?.exitCode ?? params.processRow?.exitCode ?? 1);
+    const command = [
+        String(params.processRow?.command ?? ""),
+        ...(Array.isArray(params.processRow?.args) ? params.processRow.args : []),
+    ]
+        .filter(Boolean)
+        .join(" ");
+    return {
+        success: exitCode === 0,
+        exitCode,
+        output: stdout,
+        error: stderr,
+        command,
+    };
+}
+export class SandboxCommandRun {
+    constructor(data, service) {
+        this.service = null;
+        this.data = data;
+        this.service = service ?? null;
+    }
+    get sandboxId() {
+        return this.data.sandboxId;
+    }
+    get processId() {
+        return this.data.processId;
+    }
+    get streamId() {
+        return this.data.streamId;
+    }
+    get streamClientId() {
+        return this.data.streamClientId;
+    }
+    getService() {
+        if (!this.service) {
+            throw new Error("sandbox_command_run_service_required");
+        }
+        return this.service;
+    }
+    async readStream() {
+        const stream = await this.getService().readProcessStream(this.processId);
+        if (!stream.ok)
+            throw new Error(stream.error);
+        return stream.data;
+    }
+    async snapshot() {
+        const snapshot = await this.getService().getProcessSnapshot(this.processId);
+        if (!snapshot.ok)
+            throw new Error(snapshot.error);
+        return snapshot.data;
+    }
+    async wait(params) {
+        if (this.data.result)
+            return this.data.result;
+        const initial = await this.snapshot();
+        if (SANDBOX_PROCESS_TERMINAL_STATUSES.has(String(initial.status ?? ""))) {
+            const stream = await this.readStream();
+            const result = commandResultFromProcessStream({ processRow: initial, chunks: stream.chunks });
+            this.data.result = result;
+            return result;
+        }
+        try {
+            const { createHook } = await import("workflow");
+            const hook = createHook({
+                token: sandboxProcessFinishedHookToken(this.processId),
+            });
+            const result = await hook;
+            this.data.result = result;
+            return result;
+        }
+        catch {
+            // Outside workflow context, or if hooks are unavailable, poll the durable row.
+        }
+        const timeoutMs = Math.max(0, Number(params?.timeoutMs ?? 5 * 60 * 1000));
+        const pollMs = Math.max(50, Number(params?.pollMs ?? 500));
+        const deadline = Date.now() + timeoutMs;
+        while (Date.now() <= deadline) {
+            const row = await this.snapshot();
+            if (SANDBOX_PROCESS_TERMINAL_STATUSES.has(String(row.status ?? ""))) {
+                const stream = await this.readStream();
+                const result = commandResultFromProcessStream({ processRow: row, chunks: stream.chunks });
+                this.data.result = result;
+                return result;
+            }
+            await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, pollMs));
+        }
+        throw new Error(`sandbox_process_wait_timeout:${this.processId}`);
+    }
+    then(onfulfilled, onrejected) {
+        return this.wait().then(onfulfilled, onrejected);
+    }
+}
 export class SandboxService {
     constructor(db) {
         this.adminDb = db;
     }
-    static getVercelCredentials() {
-        const teamId = String(process.env.SANDBOX_VERCEL_TEAM_ID ?? "").trim();
-        const projectId = String(process.env.SANDBOX_VERCEL_PROJECT_ID ?? "").trim();
-        const token = String(process.env.SANDBOX_VERCEL_TOKEN ?? "").trim();
-        if (!teamId || !projectId || !token) {
-            throw new Error("Missing required Vercel sandbox environment variables");
-        }
-        return { teamId, projectId, token };
-    }
     static getDomainName(domain) {
         const metaName = typeof domain?.meta?.name === "string" ? domain.meta.name.trim() : "";
         const contextName = typeof domain?.context === "function" ? String(domain.context()?.name ?? "").trim() : "";
@@ -105,7 +258,9 @@ export class SandboxService {
     }
     static buildEkairosManifest(params) {
         const contextString = SandboxService.getDomainContextString(params.domain);
-        const schemaJson = SandboxService.cloneJson(params.domain.toInstantSchema());
+        const schemaJson = SandboxService.cloneJson(typeof params.domain.instantSchema === "function"
+            ? params.domain.instantSchema()
+            : params.domain.toInstantSchema());
         return {
             version: 1,
             instant: {
@@ -245,7 +400,7 @@ export class SandboxService {
         if (!config.env || !config.domain) {
             throw new Error("sandbox_runtime_requires_env_and_domain");
         }
-        const provider = SandboxService.resolveProvider(config);
+        const provider = resolveProvider(config);
         if (provider !== "vercel") {
             throw new Error("ekairos_runtime_requires_vercel_provider");
         }
@@ -347,422 +502,6 @@ export class SandboxService {
             fileCount: skill.files.length,
         }));
     }
-    static resolveVercelWorkingDirectory(config) {
-        const fromConfig = String(config.vercel?.cwd ?? "").trim();
-        if (fromConfig)
-            return path.resolve(fromConfig);
-        const fromEnv = String(process.env.SANDBOX_VERCEL_CWD ?? "").trim();
-        if (fromEnv)
-            return path.resolve(fromEnv);
-        return process.cwd();
-    }
-    static findLinkedVercelProjectFile(startDir) {
-        let current = path.resolve(startDir);
-        while (true) {
-            const candidate = path.join(current, ".vercel", "project.json");
-            if (existsSync(candidate))
-                return candidate;
-            const parent = path.dirname(current);
-            if (parent === current)
-                return null;
-            current = parent;
-        }
-    }
-    static async readLinkedVercelProject(config) {
-        const cwd = SandboxService.resolveVercelWorkingDirectory(config);
-        const file = SandboxService.findLinkedVercelProjectFile(cwd);
-        if (!file) {
-            return { cwd };
-        }
-        try {
-            const parsed = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(file, "utf8"));
-            return {
-                cwd,
-                orgId: typeof parsed?.orgId === "string" ? parsed.orgId : undefined,
-                projectId: typeof parsed?.projectId === "string" ? parsed.projectId : undefined,
-                projectName: typeof parsed?.projectName === "string" ? parsed.projectName : undefined,
-            };
-        }
-        catch {
-            return { cwd };
-        }
-    }
-    static async pullVercelOidcToken(config) {
-        const cwd = SandboxService.resolveVercelWorkingDirectory(config);
-        const tmpPath = path.join(os.tmpdir(), `ekairos-vercel-env-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2)}.env`);
-        const args = ["env", "pull", tmpPath, "--yes", "--environment", String(config.vercel?.environment ?? "development")];
-        const scope = String(config.vercel?.scope ?? process.env.SANDBOX_VERCEL_SCOPE ?? "").trim();
-        if (scope) {
-            args.push("--scope", scope);
-        }
-        const token = String(process.env.VERCEL_TOKEN ?? process.env.SANDBOX_VERCEL_TOKEN ?? "").trim();
-        if (token) {
-            args.push("--token", token);
-        }
-        const isWindows = process.platform === "win32";
-        const command = isWindows ? (process.env.COMSPEC || "cmd.exe") : "vercel";
-        const commandArgs = isWindows ? ["/c", "vercel", ...args] : args;
-        try {
-            await execFileAsync(command, commandArgs, {
-                cwd,
-                windowsHide: true,
-                timeout: 120000,
-                maxBuffer: 1024 * 1024 * 10,
-            });
-            const content = await fs.readFile(tmpPath, "utf8");
-            const match = content.match(/VERCEL_OIDC_TOKEN=\"?([^\r\n\"]+)\"?/);
-            const oidc = String(match?.[1] ?? "").trim();
-            if (!oidc) {
-                throw new Error("VERCEL_OIDC_TOKEN missing from vercel env pull output");
-            }
-            return oidc;
-        }
-        finally {
-            await fs.rm(tmpPath, { force: true }).catch(() => { });
-        }
-    }
-    static async resolveVercelCredentials(config) {
-        const explicitTeamId = String(config.vercel?.orgId ?? process.env.SANDBOX_VERCEL_TEAM_ID ?? "").trim();
-        const explicitProjectId = String(config.vercel?.projectId ?? process.env.SANDBOX_VERCEL_PROJECT_ID ?? "").trim();
-        const explicitToken = String(config.vercel?.token ?? process.env.SANDBOX_VERCEL_TOKEN ?? process.env.VERCEL_OIDC_TOKEN ?? "").trim();
-        if (explicitTeamId && explicitProjectId && explicitToken) {
-            return { teamId: explicitTeamId, projectId: explicitProjectId, token: explicitToken };
-        }
-        const linked = await SandboxService.readLinkedVercelProject(config);
-        const teamId = explicitTeamId || String(linked.orgId ?? "").trim();
-        const projectId = explicitProjectId || String(linked.projectId ?? "").trim();
-        let token = explicitToken;
-        if (!token) {
-            token = await SandboxService.pullVercelOidcToken(config);
-        }
-        if (!teamId || !projectId || !token) {
-            throw new Error("Missing Vercel sandbox credentials. Link the project (`vercel link`) and ensure `vercel env pull` can resolve VERCEL_OIDC_TOKEN, or provide explicit SANDBOX_VERCEL_* env vars.");
-        }
-        return { teamId, projectId, token };
-    }
-    static async provisionVercelSandbox(config, extra) {
-        const creds = await SandboxService.resolveVercelCredentials(config);
-        return await VercelSandbox.create({
-            teamId: creds.teamId,
-            projectId: creds.projectId,
-            token: creds.token,
-            timeout: config.timeoutMs ?? 30 * 60 * 1000,
-            ports: Array.isArray(config.ports) ? config.ports : [],
-            // IMPORTANT: pass runtime as-is (e.g. "python3.13") to match provider expectations.
-            // Don't normalize to "python3"/"node22" as that can cause provider-side 400s.
-            runtime: (config.runtime ?? "node22"),
-            resources: { vcpus: config.resources?.vcpus ?? 2 },
-            networkPolicy: extra?.networkPolicy,
-            env: extra?.env,
-        });
-    }
-    static getDaytonaConfig() {
-        const apiKey = String(process.env.DAYTONA_API_KEY ?? "").trim();
-        const apiUrl = String(process.env.DAYTONA_API_URL ?? "").trim() ||
-            String(process.env.DAYTONA_SERVER_URL ?? "").trim();
-        const jwtToken = String(process.env.DAYTONA_JWT_TOKEN ?? "").trim();
-        const organizationId = String(process.env.DAYTONA_ORGANIZATION_ID ?? "").trim();
-        const target = String(process.env.DAYTONA_TARGET ?? "").trim();
-        if (!apiUrl) {
-            throw new Error("Missing required Daytona env var: DAYTONA_API_URL (or DAYTONA_SERVER_URL)");
-        }
-        if (!apiKey && !(jwtToken && organizationId)) {
-            throw new Error("Missing required Daytona env vars: DAYTONA_API_KEY or DAYTONA_JWT_TOKEN + DAYTONA_ORGANIZATION_ID");
-        }
-        const config = {
-            apiUrl,
-            target: target || undefined,
-            apiKey: apiKey || undefined,
-            jwtToken: jwtToken || undefined,
-            organizationId: organizationId || undefined,
-        };
-        return config;
-    }
-    static normalizeBaseUrl(raw) {
-        const trimmed = String(raw ?? "").trim();
-        if (!trimmed)
-            return "";
-        return trimmed.endsWith("/") ? trimmed.slice(0, -1) : trimmed;
-    }
-    static getSpritesConfig() {
-        const token = String(process.env.SPRITES_API_TOKEN ?? process.env.SPRITE_TOKEN ?? "").trim();
-        if (!token) {
-            throw new Error("Missing required Sprites token env var: SPRITES_API_TOKEN (or SPRITE_TOKEN)");
-        }
-        const baseUrl = SandboxService.normalizeBaseUrl(String(process.env.SPRITES_API_BASE_URL ?? process.env.SPRITES_API_URL ?? "").trim()) || "https://api.sprites.dev";
-        return { baseUrl, token };
-    }
-    static async spritesFetch(path, init) {
-        const { baseUrl, token } = SandboxService.getSpritesConfig();
-        const fetchFn = globalThis?.fetch;
-        if (typeof fetchFn !== "function") {
-            throw new Error("fetch_not_available");
-        }
-        const normalizedPath = path.startsWith("/") ? path : `/${path}`;
-        const url = `${baseUrl}${normalizedPath}`;
-        return await fetchFn(url, {
-            ...init,
-            headers: {
-                Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
-                ...(init?.headers ?? {}),
-            },
-        });
-    }
-    static async spritesJson(path, init) {
-        const res = await SandboxService.spritesFetch(path, {
-            ...init,
-            headers: {
-                Accept: "application/json",
-                ...(init?.headers ?? {}),
-            },
-        });
-        if (!res?.ok) {
-            const text = await res?.text?.().catch(() => "");
-            throw new Error(`sprites_http_${res?.status ?? "unknown"}: ${text || "request_failed"}`);
-        }
-        return (await res.json().catch(() => ({})));
-    }
-    static async spritesText(path, init) {
-        const res = await SandboxService.spritesFetch(path, init);
-        const text = await res?.text?.().catch(() => "");
-        return { ok: Boolean(res?.ok), status: Number(res?.status ?? 0), text: String(text ?? "") };
-    }
-    static toSpritesPreviewUrl(spriteUrl, port) {
-        const base = String(spriteUrl ?? "").trim();
-        if (!base)
-            return "";
-        try {
-            const u = new URL(base);
-            if (Number.isFinite(port) && port > 0) {
-                u.port = String(Math.floor(port));
-            }
-            const next = u.toString();
-            return next.endsWith("/") ? next.slice(0, -1) : next;
-        }
-        catch {
-            // Best effort fallback: append port if missing.
-            if (!port)
-                return base;
-            return base.replace(/\/+$/, "") + ":" + String(Math.floor(port));
-        }
-    }
-    static asSpritesSandbox(sprite) {
-        const name = String(sprite?.name ?? "").trim();
-        const url = typeof sprite?.url === "string" ? sprite.url : undefined;
-        return {
-            __provider: "sprites",
-            name,
-            id: sprite?.id ? String(sprite.id) : undefined,
-            url,
-            getPreviewLink: async (port) => {
-                const base = url ?? "";
-                const next = SandboxService.toSpritesPreviewUrl(base, port);
-                return { url: next };
-            },
-            domain: async (port) => {
-                const base = url ?? "";
-                return SandboxService.toSpritesPreviewUrl(base, port);
-            },
-        };
-    }
-    static async getSpritesByName(name) {
-        const safeName = String(name ?? "").trim();
-        if (!safeName)
-            return { ok: false, status: 400, error: "sprites_name_required" };
-        const res = await SandboxService.spritesFetch(`/v1/sprites/${encodeURIComponent(safeName)}`, {
-            method: "GET",
-            headers: { Accept: "application/json" },
-        });
-        if (!res?.ok) {
-            const text = await res?.text?.().catch(() => "");
-            return { ok: false, status: Number(res?.status ?? 0), error: text || `sprites_http_${res?.status ?? "unknown"}` };
-        }
-        const json = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
-        return { ok: true, sprite: json };
-    }
-    static async provisionSpritesSandbox(params) {
-        const requestedName = String(params.config?.sprites?.name ?? "").trim();
-        const name = requestedName || `ekairos-${params.sandboxId}`;
-        // Idempotent: if already exists, reuse.
-        const existing = await SandboxService.getSpritesByName(name);
-        if (existing.ok) {
-            const sprite = existing.sprite ?? {};
-            return SandboxService.asSpritesSandbox({
-                name: String(sprite?.name ?? name),
-                id: sprite?.id ? String(sprite.id) : undefined,
-                url: typeof sprite?.url === "string" ? sprite.url : undefined,
-            });
-        }
-        const waitForCapacity = params.config?.sprites?.waitForCapacity ?? true;
-        const auth = params.config?.sprites?.urlSettings?.auth ?? "public";
-        const body = {
-            name,
-            wait_for_capacity: Boolean(waitForCapacity),
-            url_settings: { auth },
-        };
-        const created = await SandboxService.spritesJson("/v1/sprites", {
-            method: "POST",
-            headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
-            body: JSON.stringify(body),
-        });
-        return SandboxService.asSpritesSandbox({
-            name: String(created?.name ?? name),
-            id: created?.id ? String(created.id) : undefined,
-            url: typeof created?.url === "string" ? created.url : undefined,
-        });
-    }
-    static normalizeSpritesExecResult(payload) {
-        const exitCodeRaw = payload?.exit_code ??
-            payload?.exitCode ??
-            payload?.code ??
-            payload?.status ??
-            payload?.result?.exit_code ??
-            payload?.result?.exitCode;
-        const exitCode = Number(exitCodeRaw ?? 0);
-        const stdout = typeof payload?.stdout === "string"
-            ? payload.stdout
-            : typeof payload?.output === "string"
-                ? payload.output
-                : typeof payload?.out === "string"
-                    ? payload.out
-                    : typeof payload?.result?.stdout === "string"
-                        ? payload.result.stdout
-                        : "";
-        const stderr = typeof payload?.stderr === "string"
-            ? payload.stderr
-            : typeof payload?.error === "string"
-                ? payload.error
-                : typeof payload?.err === "string"
-                    ? payload.err
-                    : typeof payload?.result?.stderr === "string"
-                        ? payload.result.stderr
-                        : "";
-        return {
-            exitCode: Number.isFinite(exitCode) ? exitCode : 0,
-            stdout,
-            stderr,
-        };
-    }
-    static async spritesExec(params) {
-        const spriteName = String(params.spriteName ?? "").trim();
-        if (!spriteName)
-            throw new Error("sprites_name_required");
-        const parts = [String(params.command ?? "").trim(), ...(Array.isArray(params.args) ? params.args : [])].filter(Boolean);
-        if (parts.length === 0)
-            throw new Error("sprites_command_required");
-        const search = new URLSearchParams();
-        for (const part of parts) {
-            search.append("cmd", String(part));
-        }
-        const hasStdin = typeof params.stdin === "string" || Buffer.isBuffer(params.stdin);
-        if (hasStdin) {
-            search.set("stdin", "true");
-        }
-        const path = `/v1/sprites/${encodeURIComponent(spriteName)}/exec?${search.toString()}`;
-        const init = {
-            method: "POST",
-        };
-        if (hasStdin) {
-            init.body = params.stdin;
-        }
-        const res = await SandboxService.spritesFetch(path, init);
-        const text = await res?.text?.().catch(() => "");
-        const parsed = (() => {
-            try {
-                return text ? JSON.parse(text) : {};
-            }
-            catch {
-                return { stdout: String(text ?? "") };
-            }
-        })();
-        if (!res?.ok) {
-            const err = typeof parsed?.error === "string" ? parsed.error : text;
-            throw new Error(err || `sprites_exec_http_${res?.status ?? "unknown"}`);
-        }
-        return SandboxService.normalizeSpritesExecResult(parsed);
-    }
-    static resolveProvider(config) {
-        const explicit = String(config.provider ?? "").trim().toLowerCase();
-        if (explicit === "daytona")
-            return "daytona";
-        if (explicit === "vercel")
-            return "vercel";
-        if (explicit === "sprites")
-            return "sprites";
-        const env = String(process.env.SANDBOX_PROVIDER ?? "").trim().toLowerCase();
-        if (env === "daytona")
-            return "daytona";
-        if (env === "vercel")
-            return "vercel";
-        if (env === "sprites")
-            return "sprites";
-        return "sprites";
-    }
-    static resolveDaytonaLanguage(config) {
-        if (config.daytona?.language)
-            return config.daytona.language;
-        const runtime = String(config.runtime ?? "").toLowerCase();
-        if (runtime.startsWith("python"))
-            return "python";
-        if (runtime.startsWith("node"))
-            return "javascript";
-        if (runtime.startsWith("ts") || runtime.includes("typescript"))
-            return "typescript";
-        return undefined;
-    }
-    static async resolveDaytonaVolumes(daytona, volumes) {
-        if (!volumes || volumes.length === 0)
-            return [];
-        const resolved = [];
-        const shouldLog = SandboxService.parseOptionalBoolean(process.env.SANDBOX_DAYTONA_LOG_VOLUMES) ?? false;
-        for (const volume of volumes) {
-            const mountPath = String(volume.mountPath ?? "").trim();
-            if (!mountPath)
-                continue;
-            const volumeId = String(volume.volumeId ?? "").trim();
-            if (volumeId) {
-                resolved.push({ volumeId, mountPath });
-                continue;
-            }
-            const volumeName = String(volume.volumeName ?? "").trim();
-            if (!volumeName) {
-                throw new Error("Daytona volume requires volumeId or volumeName");
-            }
-            let resolvedVolume = await daytona.volume.get(volumeName, true);
-            const stateRaw = String(resolvedVolume?.state ?? "").trim().toLowerCase();
-            const waitStates = new Set(["creating", "provisioning", "pending", "pending_create", "pending-create", "initializing"]);
-            const readyStates = new Set(["available", "active", "ready"]);
-            if (waitStates.has(stateRaw)) {
-                const maxAttempts = 12;
-                for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= maxAttempts; attempt++) {
-                    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 1000 * attempt));
-                    resolvedVolume = await daytona.volume.get(volumeName, true);
-                    const state = String(resolvedVolume?.state ?? "").trim().toLowerCase();
-                    if (shouldLog) {
-                        console.log(`[daytona:volume] name=${volumeName} state=${state} attempt=${attempt}/${maxAttempts}`);
-                    }
-                    if (readyStates.has(state))
-                        break;
-                }
-            }
-            const finalState = String(resolvedVolume?.state ?? "").trim().toLowerCase();
-            if (finalState && !readyStates.has(finalState)) {
-                if (shouldLog) {
-                    console.log(`[daytona:volume] name=${volumeName} state=${finalState} mountPath=${mountPath} (not ready)`);
-                }
-                throw new Error(`Daytona volume not ready: ${volumeName} (state=${finalState})`);
-            }
-            const resolvedId = String(resolvedVolume?.id ?? "").trim();
-            if (!resolvedId) {
-                throw new Error(`Daytona volume not resolved: ${volumeName}`);
-            }
-            if (shouldLog) {
-                console.log(`[daytona:volume] name=${volumeName} id=${resolvedId} mountPath=${mountPath}`);
-            }
-            resolved.push({ volumeId: resolvedId, mountPath });
-        }
-        return resolved;
-    }
     static shellEscapeArg(value) {
         if (value.length === 0)
             return "''";
@@ -780,58 +519,11 @@ export class SandboxService {
             return false;
         return undefined;
     }
-    static parseCsvList(value) {
-        return String(value ?? "")
-            .split(",")
-            .map((entry) => entry.trim())
-            .filter(Boolean);
-    }
-    static resolvePythonVersion(runtime) {
-        const fromEnv = String(process.env.SANDBOX_DAYTONA_DECLARATIVE_PYTHON ?? "").trim() ||
-            String(process.env.STRUCTURE_DAYTONA_DECLARATIVE_PYTHON ?? "").trim();
-        if (fromEnv)
-            return fromEnv;
-        const match = String(runtime ?? "").match(/python\s*([0-9]+\.[0-9]+)/i);
-        if (match?.[1])
-            return match[1];
-        return "3.12";
-    }
-    static buildDeclarativeImage(config) {
-        const imageFlag = String(config.daytona?.image ?? "").trim();
-        const envFlag = SandboxService.parseOptionalBoolean(process.env.SANDBOX_DAYTONA_DECLARATIVE_IMAGE) ??
-            SandboxService.parseOptionalBoolean(process.env.STRUCTURE_DAYTONA_DECLARATIVE_IMAGE) ??
-            false;
-        const useDeclarative = envFlag || imageFlag.startsWith("declarative");
-        if (!useDeclarative)
-            return undefined;
-        const baseImage = String(process.env.SANDBOX_DAYTONA_DECLARATIVE_BASE ?? "").trim() ||
-            String(process.env.STRUCTURE_DAYTONA_DECLARATIVE_BASE ?? "").trim();
-        const pythonVersion = SandboxService.resolvePythonVersion(config.runtime);
-        const isStructureDataset = config.purpose === "structure.dataset" || typeof config.params?.datasetId === "string";
-        const defaultPackages = isStructureDataset ? ["pandas", "openpyxl"] : [];
-        const packages = [
-            ...SandboxService.parseCsvList(process.env.SANDBOX_DAYTONA_DECLARATIVE_PIP),
-            ...SandboxService.parseCsvList(process.env.STRUCTURE_DAYTONA_DECLARATIVE_PIP),
-            ...defaultPackages,
-        ];
-        const uniquePackages = Array.from(new Set(packages));
-        let image;
-        if (baseImage) {
-            image = Image.base(baseImage);
-        }
-        else {
-            image = Image.debianSlim(pythonVersion);
-        }
-        if (uniquePackages.length > 0) {
-            image = image.pipInstall(uniquePackages);
-        }
-        image = image.workdir("/home/daytona");
-        return image;
-    }
     async createSandbox(config) {
         const sandboxId = id();
         const now = Date.now();
-        const provider = SandboxService.resolveProvider(config);
+        const provider = resolveProvider(config);
+        const resolvedVercel = provider === "vercel" ? resolveVercelSandboxConfig(config, { sandboxId }) : undefined;
         let daytonaEphemeral = undefined;
         let installedSkills = [];
         try {
@@ -841,13 +533,14 @@ export class SandboxService {
                 status: "creating",
                 ...(ekairos ? { sandboxUserId: ekairos.sandboxUserId } : {}),
                 provider,
-                timeout: config.timeoutMs,
-                runtime: config.runtime,
-                vcpus: config.resources?.vcpus,
-                ports: config.ports,
+                timeout: resolvedVercel?.timeoutMs ?? config.timeoutMs,
+                runtime: resolvedVercel?.runtime ?? config.runtime,
+                vcpus: resolvedVercel?.vcpus ?? config.resources?.vcpus,
+                ports: (resolvedVercel?.ports ?? config.ports),
                 purpose: config.purpose,
                 params: {
                     ...baseParams,
+                    ...(resolvedVercel ? { vercel: safeVercelConfigForRecord(config, resolvedVercel) } : {}),
                     ...(ekairos
                         ? {
                             ekairos: {
@@ -881,10 +574,10 @@ export class SandboxService {
             let sandbox = null;
             try {
                 if (provider === "daytona") {
-                    const daytona = new Daytona(SandboxService.getDaytonaConfig());
-                    const language = SandboxService.resolveDaytonaLanguage(config);
+                    const daytona = new Daytona(getDaytonaConfig());
+                    const language = resolveDaytonaLanguage(config);
                     const requestedVolumes = config.daytona?.volumes ?? [];
-                    const volumes = await SandboxService.resolveDaytonaVolumes(daytona, requestedVolumes);
+                    const volumes = await resolveDaytonaVolumes(daytona, requestedVolumes);
                     const envVars = config.daytona?.envVars;
                     const isPublic = config.daytona?.public;
                     const envEphemeral = SandboxService.parseOptionalBoolean(process.env.SANDBOX_DAYTONA_EPHEMERAL);
@@ -895,7 +588,7 @@ export class SandboxService {
                     const autoArchiveInterval = config.daytona?.autoArchiveIntervalMin;
                     const autoDeleteInterval = config.daytona?.autoDeleteIntervalMin;
                     const resolvedAutoDeleteInterval = ephemeral ? undefined : autoDeleteInterval;
-                    const declarativeImage = SandboxService.buildDeclarativeImage(config);
+                    const declarativeImage = buildDeclarativeImage(config);
                     const image = declarativeImage ?? config.daytona?.image;
                     const snapshot = config.daytona?.snapshot;
                     const resources = config.resources?.vcpus ? { cpu: config.resources.vcpus } : undefined;
@@ -934,7 +627,7 @@ export class SandboxService {
                     }
                 }
                 else if (provider === "sprites") {
-                    sandbox = await SandboxService.provisionSpritesSandbox({
+                    sandbox = await provisionSpritesSandbox({
                         sandboxId,
                         config,
                     });
@@ -944,9 +637,10 @@ export class SandboxService {
                         ...(Array.isArray(config.skills) && config.skills.length > 0 ? { CODEX_HOME: CODEX_HOME_DIR } : {}),
                         ...(ekairos?.env ?? {}),
                     };
-                    sandbox = await SandboxService.provisionVercelSandbox(config, {
+                    sandbox = await provisionVercelSandbox(config, {
                         networkPolicy: ekairos?.networkPolicy,
                         env: Object.keys(vercelEnv).length > 0 ? vercelEnv : undefined,
+                        resolved: resolvedVercel,
                     });
                     if (ekairos) {
                         await SandboxService.bootstrapEkairosFiles(sandbox, ekairos.manifest);
@@ -960,7 +654,10 @@ export class SandboxService {
                 const msg = formatSandboxError(e);
                 if (sandbox && provider === "vercel") {
                     try {
-                        await sandbox.stop();
+                        await sandbox.stop({ blocking: true });
+                        if (resolvedVercel?.deleteOnStop) {
+                            await sandbox.delete();
+                        }
                     }
                     catch {
                         // ignore cleanup errors during failed bootstrap
@@ -977,7 +674,7 @@ export class SandboxService {
                 ? sandbox.id
                 : provider === "sprites"
                     ? String(sandbox.name)
-                    : sandbox.sandboxId;
+                    : sandbox.name;
             const sandboxUrl = provider === "sprites" ? sandbox.url : undefined;
             const activateMutations = [
                 this.adminDb.tx.sandbox_sandboxes[sandboxId].update({
@@ -1009,10 +706,7 @@ export class SandboxService {
                             : {}),
                         ...(provider === "vercel"
                             ? {
-                                vercel: {
-                                    ...baseParams?.vercel,
-                                    ...(config.vercel ?? {}),
-                                },
+                                vercel: resolvedVercel ? safeVercelConfigForRecord(config, resolvedVercel) : {},
                             }
                             : {}),
                         ...(provider === "daytona"
@@ -1058,7 +752,7 @@ export class SandboxService {
                 return { ok: false, error: "Valid sandbox record not found" };
             }
             if (record.provider === "daytona") {
-                const daytona = new Daytona(SandboxService.getDaytonaConfig());
+                const daytona = new Daytona(getDaytonaConfig());
                 try {
                     const sandbox = await daytona.get(String(record.externalSandboxId));
                     const state = String(sandbox.state ?? "").toLowerCase();
@@ -1082,7 +776,7 @@ export class SandboxService {
             if (record.provider === "sprites") {
                 const name = String(record.externalSandboxId ?? "").trim();
                 try {
-                    const spriteRes = await SandboxService.getSpritesByName(name);
+                    const spriteRes = await getSpritesByName(name);
                     if (!spriteRes.ok) {
                         if (record.status === "active") {
                             await this.adminDb.transact(this.adminDb.tx.sandbox_sandboxes[sandboxId].update({
@@ -1094,7 +788,7 @@ export class SandboxService {
                         return { ok: false, error: spriteRes.error || "sprites_not_found" };
                     }
                     const sprite = spriteRes.sprite ?? {};
-                    const spritesSandbox = SandboxService.asSpritesSandbox({
+                    const spritesSandbox = asSpritesSandbox({
                         name: String(sprite?.name ?? name),
                         id: sprite?.id ? String(sprite.id) : undefined,
                         url: typeof sprite?.url === "string" ? sprite.url : undefined,
@@ -1138,16 +832,17 @@ export class SandboxService {
             if (record.provider !== "vercel") {
                 return { ok: false, error: "Valid sandbox record not found" };
             }
-            const creds = await SandboxService.resolveVercelCredentials(record?.params ?? {});
+            const creds = await resolveVercelCredentials(record?.params ?? {});
             try {
                 const maxAttempts = 20;
                 const delayMs = 500;
                 for (let attempt = 0; attempt < maxAttempts; attempt++) {
                     const sandbox = await VercelSandbox.get({
-                        sandboxId: String(record.externalSandboxId),
+                        name: String(record.externalSandboxId),
                         teamId: creds.teamId,
                         projectId: creds.projectId,
                         token: creds.token,
+                        resume: true,
                     });
                     if (!sandbox)
                         return { ok: false, error: "Sandbox not found" };
@@ -1175,11 +870,262 @@ export class SandboxService {
         }
     }
     async getSandboxRecord(sandboxId) {
-        const recordResult = await this.adminDb.query({
+        const query = {
             sandbox_sandboxes: { $: { where: { id: sandboxId }, limit: 1 }, user: {} },
-        });
+        };
+        const recordResult = await this.adminDb.query(query);
         return recordResult?.sandbox_sandboxes?.[0] ?? null;
     }
+    async getProcessSnapshot(processId) {
+        try {
+            const query = {
+                sandbox_processes: {
+                    $: { where: { id: processId }, limit: 1 },
+                    sandbox: {},
+                },
+            };
+            const processResult = await this.adminDb.query(query);
+            const processRow = processResult?.sandbox_processes?.[0];
+            if (!processRow)
+                return { ok: false, error: "sandbox_process_not_found" };
+            return { ok: true, data: processRow };
+        }
+        catch (e) {
+            return { ok: false, error: formatInstantSchemaError(e) };
+        }
+    }
+    async markOpenProcessesLost(sandboxId, reason) {
+        try {
+            const processResult = await this.adminDb.query({
+                sandbox_processes: {
+                    $: {
+                        where: { "sandbox.id": sandboxId },
+                        limit: 500,
+                    },
+                },
+            });
+            const rows = Array.isArray(processResult?.sandbox_processes)
+                ? processResult.sandbox_processes
+                : [];
+            const now = Date.now();
+            const txs = rows
+                .filter((row) => !SANDBOX_PROCESS_TERMINAL_STATUSES.has(String(row?.status ?? "")))
+                .map((row) => this.adminDb.tx.sandbox_processes[String(row.id)].update({
+                status: "lost",
+                streamFinishedAt: row.streamFinishedAt ?? now,
+                streamAbortReason: reason,
+                exitedAt: now,
+                updatedAt: now,
+                metadata: {
+                    ...(row.metadata ?? {}),
+                    lostReason: reason,
+                },
+            }));
+            if (txs.length > 0) {
+                await this.adminDb.transact(txs);
+            }
+        }
+        catch {
+            // Best-effort cleanup; stopping the sandbox should not fail because process metadata could not be marked.
+        }
+    }
+    async createProcessStream(params) {
+        const streams = this.adminDb?.streams;
+        if (!streams?.createWriteStream) {
+            throw new Error("sandbox_process_streams_unavailable");
+        }
+        const streamClientId = params.streamClientId || createSandboxProcessStreamClientId(params.processId);
+        const stream = streams.createWriteStream({ clientId: streamClientId });
+        const streamId = typeof stream.streamId === "function" ? await stream.streamId() : streamClientId;
+        return { stream, streamId, streamClientId };
+    }
+    async writeProcessChunk(params) {
+        await params.writer.write(encodeSandboxProcessStreamChunk({
+            version: SANDBOX_PROCESS_STREAM_VERSION,
+            at: nowIso(),
+            seq: params.seq,
+            type: params.type,
+            sandboxId: params.sandboxId,
+            processId: params.processId,
+            ...(params.data ? { data: sanitizeInstantValue(params.data) } : {}),
+        }));
+    }
+    async readProcessRow(processId) {
+        const query = {
+            sandbox_processes: {
+                $: { where: { id: processId }, limit: 1 },
+                sandbox: {},
+            },
+        };
+        const result = await this.adminDb.query(query);
+        return result?.sandbox_processes?.[0] ?? null;
+    }
+    async writeProcessChunkByProcessId(processId, type, data, opts) {
+        const row = await this.readProcessRow(processId);
+        if (!row)
+            throw new Error("sandbox_process_not_found");
+        const linkedSandbox = Array.isArray(row?.sandbox) ? row.sandbox[0] : row?.sandbox;
+        const sandboxId = String(linkedSandbox?.id ?? row?.sandboxId ?? "").trim();
+        if (!sandboxId)
+            throw new Error("sandbox_process_sandbox_missing");
+        const streamClientId = String(row.streamClientId ?? "").trim() || createSandboxProcessStreamClientId(processId);
+        const streams = this.adminDb?.streams;
+        if (!streams?.createWriteStream)
+            throw new Error("sandbox_process_streams_unavailable");
+        const stream = streams.createWriteStream({ clientId: streamClientId });
+        const writer = stream.getWriter();
+        try {
+            const seq = Number(row.metadata?.lastSeq ?? row.metadata?.chunkCount ?? 0) + 1;
+            await this.writeProcessChunk({
+                writer,
+                sandboxId,
+                processId,
+                seq,
+                type,
+                data,
+            });
+            if (opts?.close) {
+                await writer.close();
+            }
+            await this.adminDb.transact([
+                this.adminDb.tx.sandbox_processes[processId].update({
+                    updatedAt: Date.now(),
+                    metadata: sanitizeInstantValue({
+                        ...(row.metadata ?? {}),
+                        lastSeq: seq,
+                        chunkCount: seq,
+                    }),
+                }),
+            ]);
+        }
+        finally {
+            try {
+                writer.releaseLock();
+            }
+            catch {
+                // ignore
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    async startObservedProcess(sandboxId, opts) {
+        const processId = id();
+        const now = Date.now();
+        try {
+            const record = await this.getSandboxRecord(sandboxId);
+            if (!record)
+                return { ok: false, error: "Valid sandbox record not found" };
+            if (record.status !== "active")
+                return { ok: false, error: `sandbox_not_active:${record.status}` };
+            const streamSession = await this.createProcessStream({ sandboxId, processId });
+            const stream = streamSession.stream;
+            const writer = stream.getWriter();
+            try {
+                await this.adminDb.transact([
+                    this.adminDb.tx.sandbox_processes[processId]
+                        .update({
+                        kind: opts.kind ?? "command",
+                        mode: opts.mode ?? "foreground",
+                        status: "running",
+                        provider: String(record.provider ?? "unknown"),
+                        command: sanitizeInstantString(opts.command),
+                        args: sanitizeInstantValue(Array.isArray(opts.args) ? opts.args : []),
+                        cwd: asOptionalString(opts.cwd),
+                        env: sanitizeInstantValue(opts.env),
+                        externalProcessId: asOptionalString(opts.externalProcessId),
+                        streamId: streamSession.streamId,
+                        streamClientId: streamSession.streamClientId,
+                        streamStartedAt: now,
+                        startedAt: now,
+                        updatedAt: now,
+                        metadata: sanitizeInstantValue({
+                            ...(opts.metadata ?? {}),
+                            observed: true,
+                            lastSeq: 1,
+                            chunkCount: 1,
+                        }),
+                    })
+                        .link({ sandbox: sandboxId, stream: streamSession.streamId }),
+                ]);
+                await this.writeProcessChunk({
+                    writer,
+                    sandboxId,
+                    processId,
+                    seq: 1,
+                    type: "status",
+                    data: {
+                        status: "running",
+                        command: opts.command,
+                        args: Array.isArray(opts.args) ? opts.args : [],
+                        cwd: opts.cwd ?? null,
+                        externalProcessId: opts.externalProcessId ?? null,
+                    },
+                });
+                // Keep observed-process streams open across calls; finishObservedProcess closes them.
+            }
+            finally {
+                try {
+                    writer.releaseLock();
+                }
+                catch {
+                    // ignore
+                }
+            }
+            return {
+                ok: true,
+                data: {
+                    processId,
+                    streamId: streamSession.streamId,
+                    streamClientId: streamSession.streamClientId,
+                },
+            };
+        }
+        catch (e) {
+            return { ok: false, error: formatInstantSchemaError(e) };
+        }
+    }
+    async appendObservedProcessChunk(processId, type, data) {
+        try {
+            await this.writeProcessChunkByProcessId(processId, type, data);
+            return { ok: true, data: undefined };
+        }
+        catch (e) {
+            return { ok: false, error: formatInstantSchemaError(e) };
+        }
+    }
+    async finishObservedProcess(processId, opts) {
+        try {
+            const row = await this.readProcessRow(processId);
+            if (!row)
+                return { ok: false, error: "sandbox_process_not_found" };
+            const exitCode = Number.isFinite(Number(opts?.exitCode)) ? Number(opts?.exitCode) : undefined;
+            const status = opts?.status ?? (exitCode === undefined || exitCode === 0 ? "exited" : "failed");
+            await this.writeProcessChunkByProcessId(processId, status === "failed" ? "error" : "exit", {
+                exitCode: exitCode ?? null,
+                status,
+                ...(opts?.errorText ? { message: opts.errorText } : {}),
+            }, { close: true });
+            const finishedAt = Date.now();
+            await this.adminDb.transact([
+                this.adminDb.tx.sandbox_processes[processId].update({
+                    status,
+                    ...(exitCode !== undefined ? { exitCode } : {}),
+                    streamFinishedAt: finishedAt,
+                    streamAbortReason: opts?.errorText ?? null,
+                    exitedAt: finishedAt,
+                    updatedAt: finishedAt,
+                    metadata: sanitizeInstantValue({
+                        ...(row.metadata ?? {}),
+                        ...(opts?.metadata ?? {}),
+                        ...(opts?.errorText ? { error: opts.errorText } : {}),
+                    }),
+                }),
+            ]);
+            return { ok: true, data: undefined };
+        }
+        catch (e) {
+            return { ok: false, error: formatInstantSchemaError(e) };
+        }
+    }
     async stopSandbox(sandboxId) {
         try {
             const result = await this.reconnectToSandbox(sandboxId);
@@ -1190,18 +1136,24 @@ export class SandboxService {
             const deleteOnStop = record?.provider === "sprites"
                 ? SandboxService.parseOptionalBoolean(process.env.SANDBOX_SPRITES_DELETE_ON_STOP) ??
                     Boolean(record?.params?.sprites?.deleteOnStop ?? true)
-                : SandboxService.parseOptionalBoolean(process.env.SANDBOX_DAYTONA_DELETE_ON_STOP) ??
-                    Boolean(record?.params?.daytona?.ephemeral);
+                : record?.provider === "vercel"
+                    ? SandboxService.parseOptionalBoolean(process.env.SANDBOX_VERCEL_DELETE_ON_STOP) ??
+                        Boolean(record?.params?.vercel?.deleteOnStop ?? !record?.params?.vercel?.persistent)
+                    : SandboxService.parseOptionalBoolean(process.env.SANDBOX_DAYTONA_DELETE_ON_STOP) ??
+                        Boolean(record?.params?.daytona?.ephemeral);
             if (result.ok) {
                 try {
                     const sandbox = result.data.sandbox;
-                    if (sandbox?.sandboxId) {
-                        await sandbox.stop();
+                    if (isVercelSandbox(sandbox)) {
+                        await sandbox.stop({ blocking: true });
+                        if (deleteOnStop) {
+                            await sandbox.delete();
+                        }
                     }
                     else if (sandbox?.__provider === "sprites") {
                         // Sprites does not have a reliable "stop" semantic; deleting is the durable cleanup primitive.
                         try {
-                            await SandboxService.spritesFetch(`/v1/sprites/${encodeURIComponent(String(sandbox.name))}`, {
+                            await spritesFetch(`/v1/sprites/${encodeURIComponent(String(sandbox.name))}`, {
                                 method: "DELETE",
                             });
                         }
@@ -1210,7 +1162,7 @@ export class SandboxService {
                         }
                     }
                     else {
-                        const daytona = new Daytona(SandboxService.getDaytonaConfig());
+                        const daytona = new Daytona(getDaytonaConfig());
                         await daytona.stop(sandbox);
                         if (deleteOnStop) {
                             try {
@@ -1231,6 +1183,7 @@ export class SandboxService {
                 shutdownAt: Date.now(),
                 updatedAt: Date.now(),
             }));
+            await this.markOpenProcessesLost(sandboxId, "sandbox_stopped");
             return { ok: true, data: undefined };
         }
         catch (e) {
@@ -1278,13 +1231,13 @@ export class SandboxService {
             if (!sandboxResult.ok)
                 return { ok: false, error: sandboxResult.error };
             const sandbox = sandboxResult.data.sandbox;
-            if (sandbox.sandboxId) {
+            if (isVercelSandbox(sandbox)) {
                 const result = await runCommandInSandbox(sandbox, command, args);
                 return { ok: true, data: result };
             }
             if (sandbox.__provider === "sprites") {
                 const fullCommand = args.length > 0 ? [command, ...args].join(" ") : command;
-                const res = await SandboxService.spritesExec({
+                const res = await spritesExec({
                     spriteName: String(sandbox.name ?? ""),
                     command,
                     args,
@@ -1319,13 +1272,279 @@ export class SandboxService {
             return { ok: false, error: formatInstantSchemaError(e) };
         }
     }
+    async runCommandProcess(sandboxId, command, args = [], opts) {
+        const processId = id();
+        const now = Date.now();
+        let writer = null;
+        let stream = null;
+        let seq = 0;
+        try {
+            const record = await this.getSandboxRecord(sandboxId);
+            if (!record)
+                return { ok: false, error: "Valid sandbox record not found" };
+            if (record.status !== "active")
+                return { ok: false, error: `sandbox_not_active:${record.status}` };
+            const streamSession = await this.createProcessStream({ sandboxId, processId });
+            stream = streamSession.stream;
+            writer = stream.getWriter();
+            await this.adminDb.transact([
+                this.adminDb.tx.sandbox_processes[processId]
+                    .update({
+                    kind: opts?.kind ?? "command",
+                    mode: opts?.mode ?? "foreground",
+                    status: "running",
+                    provider: String(record.provider ?? "unknown"),
+                    command: sanitizeInstantString(command),
+                    args: sanitizeInstantValue(Array.isArray(args) ? args : []),
+                    cwd: asOptionalString(opts?.cwd),
+                    env: sanitizeInstantValue(opts?.env),
+                    streamId: streamSession.streamId,
+                    streamClientId: streamSession.streamClientId,
+                    streamStartedAt: now,
+                    startedAt: now,
+                    updatedAt: now,
+                    metadata: sanitizeInstantValue(opts?.metadata),
+                })
+                    .link({ sandbox: sandboxId, stream: streamSession.streamId }),
+            ]);
+            seq += 1;
+            await this.writeProcessChunk({
+                writer,
+                sandboxId,
+                processId,
+                seq,
+                type: "status",
+                data: {
+                    status: "running",
+                    command,
+                    args: Array.isArray(args) ? args : [],
+                    cwd: opts?.cwd ?? null,
+                },
+            });
+            const result = await this.runCommand(sandboxId, command, args);
+            const finishedAt = Date.now();
+            let finalResult;
+            let status;
+            let exitCode;
+            let errorText;
+            if (result.ok) {
+                finalResult = result.data;
+                exitCode = Number(result.data.exitCode ?? (result.data.success === false ? 1 : 0));
+                status = exitCode === 0 ? "exited" : "failed";
+                const stdout = String(result.data.stdout ?? result.data.output ?? "");
+                const stderr = String(result.data.stderr ?? result.data.error ?? "");
+                if (stdout) {
+                    seq += 1;
+                    await this.writeProcessChunk({
+                        writer,
+                        sandboxId,
+                        processId,
+                        seq,
+                        type: "stdout",
+                        data: { text: stdout },
+                    });
+                }
+                if (stderr) {
+                    seq += 1;
+                    await this.writeProcessChunk({
+                        writer,
+                        sandboxId,
+                        processId,
+                        seq,
+                        type: "stderr",
+                        data: { text: stderr },
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                exitCode = 1;
+                status = "failed";
+                errorText = result.error;
+                finalResult = {
+                    success: false,
+                    exitCode,
+                    output: "",
+                    error: result.error,
+                    command: [command, ...(Array.isArray(args) ? args : [])].join(" "),
+                };
+                seq += 1;
+                await this.writeProcessChunk({
+                    writer,
+                    sandboxId,
+                    processId,
+                    seq,
+                    type: "error",
+                    data: { message: result.error },
+                });
+            }
+            seq += 1;
+            await this.writeProcessChunk({
+                writer,
+                sandboxId,
+                processId,
+                seq,
+                type: "exit",
+                data: { exitCode, status },
+            });
+            await writer.close();
+            writer = null;
+            await this.adminDb.transact([
+                this.adminDb.tx.sandbox_processes[processId].update({
+                    status,
+                    exitCode,
+                    streamFinishedAt: finishedAt,
+                    streamAbortReason: null,
+                    exitedAt: finishedAt,
+                    updatedAt: finishedAt,
+                    metadata: sanitizeInstantValue({
+                        ...(opts?.metadata ?? {}),
+                        ...(errorText ? { error: errorText } : {}),
+                        chunkCount: seq,
+                        result: finalResult,
+                    }),
+                }),
+            ]);
+            await resumeSandboxProcessHook(processId, finalResult);
+            return {
+                ok: true,
+                data: new SandboxCommandRun({
+                    sandboxId,
+                    processId,
+                    streamId: streamSession.streamId,
+                    streamClientId: streamSession.streamClientId,
+                    result: finalResult,
+                }, this),
+            };
+        }
+        catch (e) {
+            const message = formatInstantSchemaError(e);
+            const failedAt = Date.now();
+            try {
+                if (writer) {
+                    seq += 1;
+                    await this.writeProcessChunk({
+                        writer,
+                        sandboxId,
+                        processId,
+                        seq,
+                        type: "error",
+                        data: { message },
+                    });
+                    await writer.abort(message);
+                    writer = null;
+                }
+                else if (stream) {
+                    await stream.abort(message);
+                }
+            }
+            catch {
+                // ignore stream cleanup errors
+            }
+            try {
+                const finalResult = {
+                    success: false,
+                    exitCode: 1,
+                    output: "",
+                    error: message,
+                    command: [command, ...(Array.isArray(args) ? args : [])].join(" "),
+                };
+                await this.adminDb.transact([
+                    this.adminDb.tx.sandbox_processes[processId].update({
+                        status: "failed",
+                        streamFinishedAt: failedAt,
+                        streamAbortReason: message,
+                        exitedAt: failedAt,
+                        updatedAt: failedAt,
+                        metadata: sanitizeInstantValue({
+                            ...(opts?.metadata ?? {}),
+                            error: message,
+                            result: finalResult,
+                        }),
+                    }),
+                ]);
+                await resumeSandboxProcessHook(processId, finalResult);
+            }
+            catch {
+                // ignore partial metadata failures
+            }
+            return { ok: false, error: message };
+        }
+        finally {
+            try {
+                writer?.releaseLock();
+            }
+            catch {
+                // ignore
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    async runCommandWithProcessStream(sandboxId, command, args = [], opts) {
+        const run = await this.runCommandProcess(sandboxId, command, args, opts);
+        if (!run.ok)
+            return run;
+        const result = await run.data;
+        return {
+            ok: true,
+            data: {
+                processId: run.data.processId,
+                streamId: run.data.streamId,
+                streamClientId: run.data.streamClientId,
+                result,
+            },
+        };
+    }
+    async readProcessStream(processId) {
+        try {
+            const processResult = await this.adminDb.query({
+                sandbox_processes: {
+                    $: { where: { id: processId }, limit: 1 },
+                },
+            });
+            const processRow = processResult?.sandbox_processes?.[0];
+            if (!processRow)
+                return { ok: false, error: "sandbox_process_not_found" };
+            const streams = this.adminDb?.streams;
+            if (!streams?.createReadStream)
+                return { ok: false, error: "sandbox_process_streams_unavailable" };
+            const clientId = String(processRow.streamClientId ?? "").trim() || undefined;
+            const streamId = String(processRow.streamId ?? "").trim() || undefined;
+            if (!clientId && !streamId)
+                return { ok: false, error: "sandbox_process_stream_missing" };
+            const stream = streams.createReadStream({ clientId, streamId });
+            const chunks = [];
+            let byteOffset = 0;
+            let buffer = "";
+            for await (const raw of stream) {
+                const encoded = typeof raw === "string" ? raw : String(raw ?? "");
+                if (!encoded)
+                    continue;
+                byteOffset += new TextEncoder().encode(encoded).length;
+                buffer += encoded;
+                const lines = buffer.split("\n");
+                buffer = lines.pop() ?? "";
+                for (const line of lines) {
+                    const trimmed = line.trim();
+                    if (!trimmed)
+                        continue;
+                    chunks.push(parseSandboxProcessStreamChunk(trimmed));
+                }
+            }
+            const trailing = buffer.trim();
+            if (trailing)
+                chunks.push(parseSandboxProcessStreamChunk(trailing));
+            return { ok: true, data: { chunks, byteOffset } };
+        }
+        catch (e) {
+            return { ok: false, error: formatInstantSchemaError(e) };
+        }
+    }
     async writeFiles(sandboxId, files) {
         try {
             const sandboxResult = await this.reconnectToSandbox(sandboxId);
             if (!sandboxResult.ok)
                 return { ok: false, error: sandboxResult.error };
             const sandbox = sandboxResult.data.sandbox;
-            if (sandbox.sandboxId) {
+            if (isVercelSandbox(sandbox)) {
                 await sandbox.writeFiles(files.map((f) => ({
                     path: f.path,
                     content: Buffer.from(f.contentBase64, "base64"),
@@ -1342,7 +1561,7 @@ export class SandboxService {
                     const dirPath = filePath.includes("/") ? filePath.split("/").slice(0, -1).join("/") : "";
                     const dirCmd = dirPath ? `mkdir -p ${SandboxService.shellEscapeArg(dirPath)} && ` : "";
                     const cmd = `${dirCmd}printf %s ${SandboxService.shellEscapeArg(String(f.contentBase64 ?? ""))} | base64 -d > ${SandboxService.shellEscapeArg(filePath)}`;
-                    await SandboxService.spritesExec({
+                    await spritesExec({
                         spriteName,
                         command: "sh",
                         args: ["-lc", cmd],
@@ -1367,7 +1586,7 @@ export class SandboxService {
             if (!sandboxResult.ok)
                 return { ok: false, error: sandboxResult.error };
             const sandbox = sandboxResult.data.sandbox;
-            if (sandbox.sandboxId) {
+            if (isVercelSandbox(sandbox)) {
                 const stream = await sandbox.readFile({ path });
                 if (!stream) {
                     return { ok: true, data: { contentBase64: "" } };
@@ -1395,7 +1614,7 @@ export class SandboxService {
                     return { ok: false, error: "sprites_name_required" };
                 const filePath = String(path ?? "").trim();
                 const cmd = `if [ -f ${SandboxService.shellEscapeArg(filePath)} ]; then base64 ${SandboxService.shellEscapeArg(filePath)} | tr -d '\\n'; fi`;
-                const res = await SandboxService.spritesExec({
+                const res = await spritesExec({
                     spriteName,
                     command: "sh",
                     args: ["-lc", cmd],
@@ -1409,30 +1628,37 @@ export class SandboxService {
             return { ok: false, error: formatInstantSchemaError(e) };
         }
     }
-    static parseSpritesCheckpointIdFromNdjson(text) {
-        const lines = String(text ?? "")
-            .split("\n")
-            .map((l) => l.trim())
-            .filter(Boolean);
-        const candidates = [];
-        for (const line of lines) {
-            try {
-                const evt = JSON.parse(line);
-                const data = typeof evt?.data === "string" ? evt.data : "";
-                if (!data)
-                    continue;
-                const m = data.match(/\bID:\s*(v[0-9]+)\b/i) || data.match(/\bCheckpoint\s+(v[0-9]+)\b/i);
-                if (m?.[1]) {
-                    candidates.push(String(m[1]));
-                }
+    async getPortUrl(sandboxId, port) {
+        try {
+            const sandboxResult = await this.reconnectToSandbox(sandboxId);
+            if (!sandboxResult.ok)
+                return { ok: false, error: sandboxResult.error };
+            const sandbox = sandboxResult.data.sandbox;
+            const normalizedPort = Math.max(1, Math.floor(Number(port)));
+            if (isVercelSandbox(sandbox)) {
+                const url = sandbox.domain(normalizedPort);
+                return { ok: true, data: { url: String(url ?? "").replace(/\/+$/, "") } };
             }
-            catch {
-                // ignore invalid ndjson lines
+            if (sandbox.__provider === "sprites") {
+                const base = String(sandbox.url ?? "").trim().replace(/\/+$/, "");
+                if (!base)
+                    return { ok: false, error: "sprites_url_missing" };
+                if (normalizedPort === 8080)
+                    return { ok: true, data: { url: base } };
+                try {
+                    const u = new URL(base);
+                    u.port = String(normalizedPort);
+                    return { ok: true, data: { url: u.toString().replace(/\/+$/, "") } };
+                }
+                catch {
+                    return { ok: true, data: { url: `${base}:${normalizedPort}` } };
+                }
             }
+            return { ok: false, error: "sandbox_port_url_not_supported" };
+        }
+        catch (e) {
+            return { ok: false, error: formatInstantSchemaError(e) };
         }
-        if (candidates.length === 0)
-            return null;
-        return candidates[candidates.length - 1] ?? null;
     }
     async createCheckpoint(sandboxId, params) {
         try {
@@ -1440,13 +1666,40 @@ export class SandboxService {
                 sandbox_sandboxes: { $: { where: { id: sandboxId }, limit: 1 } },
             });
             const record = recordResult?.sandbox_sandboxes?.[0];
+            if (record?.externalSandboxId && record.provider === "vercel") {
+                const sandboxResult = await this.reconnectToSandbox(sandboxId);
+                if (!sandboxResult.ok)
+                    return { ok: false, error: sandboxResult.error };
+                const sandbox = sandboxResult.data.sandbox;
+                if (!isVercelSandbox(sandbox))
+                    return { ok: false, error: "checkpoint_not_supported" };
+                const expiration = Number(record?.params?.vercel?.snapshotExpirationMs);
+                const snapshot = await sandbox.snapshot({
+                    ...(Number.isFinite(expiration) ? { expiration } : {}),
+                });
+                const checkpointId = String(snapshot?.snapshotId ?? "").trim();
+                if (!checkpointId)
+                    return { ok: false, error: "vercel_snapshot_id_missing" };
+                await this.adminDb.transact(this.adminDb.tx.sandbox_sandboxes[sandboxId].update({
+                    updatedAt: Date.now(),
+                    params: {
+                        ...(record.params ?? {}),
+                        vercel: {
+                            ...(record.params?.vercel ?? {}),
+                            lastCheckpointId: checkpointId,
+                            lastCheckpointComment: String(params?.comment ?? "").trim() || undefined,
+                        },
+                    },
+                }));
+                return { ok: true, data: { checkpointId } };
+            }
             if (!record?.externalSandboxId || record.provider !== "sprites") {
                 return { ok: false, error: "checkpoint_not_supported" };
             }
             const name = String(record.externalSandboxId).trim();
             const comment = String(params?.comment ?? "").trim();
             const body = comment ? { comment } : {};
-            const res = await SandboxService.spritesFetch(`/v1/sprites/${encodeURIComponent(name)}/checkpoint`, {
+            const res = await spritesFetch(`/v1/sprites/${encodeURIComponent(name)}/checkpoint`, {
                 method: "POST",
                 headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
                 body: JSON.stringify(body),
@@ -1455,7 +1708,7 @@ export class SandboxService {
             if (!res?.ok) {
                 return { ok: false, error: text || `sprites_checkpoint_http_${res?.status ?? "unknown"}` };
             }
-            const checkpointId = SandboxService.parseSpritesCheckpointIdFromNdjson(text);
+            const checkpointId = parseSpritesCheckpointIdFromNdjson(text);
             if (!checkpointId) {
                 return { ok: false, error: "sprites_checkpoint_id_missing" };
             }
@@ -1481,11 +1734,26 @@ export class SandboxService {
                 sandbox_sandboxes: { $: { where: { id: sandboxId }, limit: 1 } },
             });
             const record = recordResult?.sandbox_sandboxes?.[0];
+            if (record?.externalSandboxId && record.provider === "vercel") {
+                const creds = await resolveVercelCredentials(record?.params ?? {});
+                const listed = await VercelSnapshot.list({
+                    teamId: creds.teamId,
+                    projectId: creds.projectId,
+                    token: creds.token,
+                    name: String(record.externalSandboxId),
+                    limit: 50,
+                    sortOrder: "desc",
+                });
+                const checkpointIds = (listed.snapshots ?? [])
+                    .map((snapshot) => String(snapshot?.id ?? "").trim())
+                    .filter(Boolean);
+                return { ok: true, data: { checkpointIds } };
+            }
             if (!record?.externalSandboxId || record.provider !== "sprites") {
                 return { ok: false, error: "checkpoint_not_supported" };
             }
             const name = String(record.externalSandboxId).trim();
-            const json = await SandboxService.spritesJson(`/v1/sprites/${encodeURIComponent(name)}/checkpoints`, {
+            const json = await spritesJson(`/v1/sprites/${encodeURIComponent(name)}/checkpoints`, {
                 method: "GET",
                 headers: { Accept: "application/json" },
             });
@@ -1512,7 +1780,7 @@ export class SandboxService {
             const cp = String(checkpointId ?? "").trim();
             if (!cp)
                 return { ok: false, error: "checkpoint_id_required" };
-            const res = await SandboxService.spritesFetch(`/v1/sprites/${encodeURIComponent(name)}/checkpoints/${encodeURIComponent(cp)}/restore`, { method: "POST" });
+            const res = await spritesFetch(`/v1/sprites/${encodeURIComponent(name)}/checkpoints/${encodeURIComponent(cp)}/restore`, { method: "POST" });
             const text = await res?.text?.().catch(() => "");
             if (!res?.ok) {
                 return { ok: false, error: text || `sprites_restore_http_${res?.status ?? "unknown"}` };