@effect/platform-cloudflare 0.0.0-stage → 4.1.3

package/ai-docs/src/01_effect/05_resources/30_layer-map.ts

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+/**
+ * @title Dynamic resources with LayerMap
+ *
+ * Use `LayerMap.Service` to dynamically build and manage resources that are
+ * keyed by some identifier, such as a tenant ID.
+ */
+import { Context, Effect, Layer, LayerMap, Schema } from "effect"
+
+class DatabaseQueryError extends Schema.TaggedError<DatabaseQueryError>()("DatabaseQueryError", {
+  tenantId: Schema.String,
+  cause: Schema.Defect()
+}) {}
+
+type UserRecord = {
+  readonly id: number
+  readonly email: string
+}
+
+let nextConnectionId = 0
+
+export class DatabasePool extends Context.Service<DatabasePool, {
+  readonly tenantId: string
+  readonly connectionId: number
+  readonly query: (sql: string) => Effect.Effect<ReadonlyArray<UserRecord>, DatabaseQueryError>
+}>()("app/DatabasePool") {
+  // A layer factory that builds one pool per tenant.
+  static readonly layer = (tenantId: string) =>
+    Layer.effect(
+      DatabasePool,
+      Effect.acquireRelease(
+        Effect.sync(() => {
+          const connectionId = ++nextConnectionId
+
+          return DatabasePool.of({
+            tenantId,
+            connectionId,
+            query: Effect.fn("DatabasePool.query")((_sql: string) =>
+              Effect.succeed([
+                { id: 1, email: `admin@${tenantId}.example.com` },
+                { id: 2, email: `ops@${tenantId}.example.com` }
+              ])
+            )
+          })
+        }),
+        (pool) => Effect.logInfo(`Closing tenant pool ${pool.tenantId}#${pool.connectionId}`)
+      )
+    )
+}
+
+// extend `LayerMap.Service` to create a `LayerMap` service
+export class PoolMap extends LayerMap.Service<PoolMap>()("app/PoolMap", {
+  // `lookup` tells LayerMap how to build a layer for each tenant key.
+  lookup: (tenantId: string) => DatabasePool.layer(tenantId),
+
+  // You can also use the layers option for a static set of layers
+  // layers: {
+  //   acme: DatabasePool.layer("acme"),
+  //   globex: DatabasePool.layer("globex")
+  // },
+
+  // If a pool is not used for this duration, it is released automatically.
+  idleTimeToLive: "1 minute"
+}) {}
+
+const queryUsersForCurrentTenant = Effect.gen(function*() {
+  // Run a query agnostic of the tenant. The correct pool will be provided by
+  // the LayerMap.
+  const pool = yield* DatabasePool
+  return yield* pool.query("SELECT id, email FROM users ORDER BY id")
+})
+
+export const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
+  yield* queryUsersForCurrentTenant.pipe(
+    // Use `PoolMap.get` to access the pool for a specific tenant. The first
+    // time this is called for a tenant, the pool will be built using the
+    // `lookup` function defined in `PoolMap`. Subsequent calls will reuse the
+    // cached pool until it is idle for too long or invalidated.
+    Effect.provide(PoolMap.get("acme"))
+  )
+
+  // `PoolMap.invalidate` forces a key to rebuild on the next access.
+  yield* PoolMap.invalidate("acme")
+}).pipe(
+  // Provide the `PoolMap` layer to the entire program.
+  Effect.provide(PoolMap.layer)
+)

package/ai-docs/src/01_effect/05_resources/index.md

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+## Managing resources and `Scope`s
+
+Learn how to safely manage resources in Effect using `Scope`s and finalizers.

package/ai-docs/src/01_effect/06_running/10_run-main.ts

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+/**
+ * @title Running effects with NodeRuntime and BunRuntime
+ *
+ * Use `NodeRuntime.runMain` to run an Effect program as your process entrypoint.
+ */
+import { BunRuntime } from "@effect/platform-bun"
+import { NodeRuntime } from "@effect/platform-node"
+import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
+
+const Worker = Layer.effectDiscard(Effect.gen(function*() {
+  yield* Effect.logInfo("Starting worker...")
+  yield* Effect.forkScoped(Effect.gen(function*() {
+    while (true) {
+      yield* Effect.logInfo("Working...")
+      yield* Effect.sleep("1 second")
+    }
+  }))
+}))
+
+const program = Layer.launch(Worker)
+
+// `runMain` installs SIGINT / SIGTERM handlers and interrupts running fibers
+// for graceful shutdown.
+NodeRuntime.runMain(program, {
+  // Disable automatic error reporting if your app already centralizes it.
+  disableErrorReporting: true
+})
+
+// Bun has the same API shape:
+BunRuntime.runMain(program, { disableErrorReporting: true })

package/ai-docs/src/01_effect/06_running/20_layer-launch.ts

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+/**
+ * @title Using Layer.launch as the application entry point
+ *
+ * Use `Layer.launch` to run a long-running Effect program as your process entrypoint.
+ */
+import { NodeHttpServer, NodeRuntime } from "@effect/platform-node"
+import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
+import { HttpRouter, HttpServerResponse } from "effect/http"
+import { createServer } from "node:http"
+
+// Build a tiny HTTP app with a health-check endpoint.
+export const HealthRoutes = HttpRouter.use(Effect.fn(function*(router) {
+  yield* router.add("GET", "/health", Effect.succeed(HttpServerResponse.text("ok")))
+  yield* router.add("GET", "/healthz", Effect.succeed(HttpServerResponse.text("ok")))
+}))
+
+// Turn the routes into a server layer and provide the Node HTTP server backend.
+export const HttpServerLive = HttpRouter.serve(HealthRoutes).pipe(
+  Layer.provide(NodeHttpServer.layer(createServer, { port: 3000 }))
+)
+
+// `Layer.launch` converts the layer into a long-running Effect<never>.
+export const main = Layer.launch(HttpServerLive)
+
+// This entrypoint pattern works well when the whole app is represented as
+// layers (for example: HTTP server + background workers).
+NodeRuntime.runMain(main)

package/ai-docs/src/01_effect/06_running/index.md

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+## Running Effect programs

package/ai-docs/src/01_effect/07_pubsub/10_pubsub.ts

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+/**
+ * @title Broadcasting domain events with PubSub
+ *
+ * Build an in-process event bus with `PubSub` and expose it as a service.
+ */
+import { Context, Effect, Layer, PubSub, Stream } from "effect"
+
+export type OrderEvent =
+  | { readonly _tag: "OrderPlaced"; readonly orderId: string }
+  | { readonly _tag: "PaymentCaptured"; readonly orderId: string }
+  | { readonly _tag: "OrderShipped"; readonly orderId: string }
+
+export class OrderEvents extends Context.Service<OrderEvents, {
+  publish(event: OrderEvent): Effect.Effect<void>
+  publishAll(events: ReadonlyArray<OrderEvent>): Effect.Effect<void>
+  readonly subscribe: Stream.Stream<OrderEvent>
+}>()("acme/OrderEvents") {
+  static readonly layer = Layer.effect(
+    OrderEvents,
+    Effect.gen(function*() {
+      // Use PubSub.bounded to create a PubSub with backpressure support.
+      // You can also use PubSub.unbounded if you don't need backpressure.
+      const pubsub = yield* PubSub.bounded<OrderEvent>({
+        capacity: 256,
+        // Optionally add a replay buffer to let late subscribers catch up on
+        // recent events after restarts.
+        replay: 50
+      })
+
+      // Ensure the PubSub is properly shut down when the service is no longer
+      // needed.
+      yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => PubSub.shutdown(pubsub))
+
+      const publish = Effect.fn("OrderEvents.publish")(function*(event: OrderEvent) {
+        yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub, event)
+      })
+
+      const publishAll = Effect.fn("OrderEvents.publishAll")(function*(events: ReadonlyArray<OrderEvent>) {
+        yield* PubSub.publishAll(pubsub, events)
+      })
+
+      // Create a Stream that emits events published to the PubSub.
+      //
+      // Each subscriber will receive all events published after they subscribe,
+      // and if a replay buffer is configured, they will also receive the most
+      // recent events that were published before they subscribed.
+      const subscribe = Stream.fromPubSub(pubsub)
+
+      return OrderEvents.of({
+        publish,
+        publishAll,
+        subscribe
+      })
+    })
+  )
+}

package/ai-docs/src/01_effect/07_pubsub/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+## Broadcasting messages with PubSub
+
+Use `PubSub` when you need one producer to fan out messages to many consumers.

package/ai-docs/src/03_stream/10_creating-streams.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/**
+ * @title Creating streams from common data sources
+ *
+ * Learn how to create streams from various data sources. Includes:
+ *
+ * - `Stream.fromIterable` for arrays and other iterables
+ * - `Stream.fromEffectSchedule` for polling effects
+ * - `Stream.paginate` for paginated APIs
+ * - `Stream.fromAsyncIterable` for async iterables
+ * - `Stream.fromEventListener` for DOM events
+ * - `Stream.callback` for any callback-based API
+ * - `NodeStream.fromReadable` for Node.js readable streams
+ */
+import { NodeStream } from "@effect/platform-node"
+import { Array, Effect, Queue, Schedule, Schema, Stream } from "effect"
+import * as Option from "effect/Option"
+import { Readable } from "node:stream"
+
+// `Stream.fromIterable` turns any iterable into a stream.
+export const numbers = Stream.fromIterable<number>([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+
+// `Stream.fromEffectSchedule` turns a single effect into a polling stream.
+// This is useful for metrics, health checks, and cache refresh loops.
+export const samples = Stream.fromEffectSchedule(
+  Effect.succeed(3),
+  Schedule.spaced("30 seconds")
+).pipe(
+  // Stream.take limits the number of elements emitted by the stream.
+  Stream.take(3)
+)
+
+// Use `Stream.paginate` when reading APIs that return one page at a time.
+// The function returns the current page of values and optionally the next
+// cursor.
+export const fetchJobsPage = Stream.paginate(
+  0, // start with page 0 (the cursor)
+  Effect.fn(function*(page) {
+    // Simulate network latency
+    yield* Effect.sleep("50 millis")
+
+    const results = Array.range(0, 100).map((i) => `Job ${i + 1 + page * 100}`)
+
+    // only return 10 pages of results
+    const nextPage = page <= 10
+      ? Option.some(page + 1)
+      : Option.none()
+
+    return [results, nextPage] as const
+  })
+)
+
+class LetterError extends Schema.TaggedError<LetterError>()("LetterError", {
+  cause: Schema.Defect()
+}) {}
+
+async function* asyncIterable() {
+  yield "a"
+  yield "b"
+  yield "c"
+}
+
+// Create a stream from an async iterable.
+// The second argument is a function that converts any errors thrown by the
+// async iterable into a typed error.
+export const letters = Stream.fromAsyncIterable(
+  asyncIterable(),
+  (cause) => new LetterError({ cause })
+)
+
+const button = document.getElementById("my-button")!
+
+// `Stream.fromEventListener` creates a stream from an event listener.
+export const events = Stream.fromEventListener<PointerEvent>(button, "click")
+
+// You can also use `Stream.callback` to create a stream from any callback-based
+// API.
+export const callbackStream = Stream.callback<PointerEvent>(Effect.fn(function*(queue) {
+  // You can use the `Queue` apis to emit values into the stream from the
+  // callback.
+  function onEvent(event: PointerEvent) {
+    Queue.offerUnsafe(queue, event)
+  }
+  // register the event listener and add a finalizer to unregister it when the
+  // stream is finished.
+  yield* Effect.acquireRelease(
+    Effect.sync(() => button.addEventListener("click", onEvent)),
+    () => Effect.sync(() => button.removeEventListener("click", onEvent))
+  )
+}))
+
+export class NodeStreamError extends Schema.TaggedError<NodeStreamError>()("NodeStreamError", {
+  cause: Schema.Defect()
+}) {}
+
+// Create a stream from a Node.js readable stream.
+//
+// It takes options to convert any errors emitted by the stream into a typed
+// error, and to evaluate the stream lazily.
+export const nodeStream = NodeStream.fromReadable({
+  evaluate: () => Readable.from(["Hello", " ", "world", "!"]),
+  onError: (cause) => new NodeStreamError({ cause }),
+  closeOnDone: true // true by default
+})

package/ai-docs/src/03_stream/20_consuming-streams.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/**
+ * @title Consuming and transforming streams
+ *
+ * How to transform and consume streams using operators like `map`, `flatMap`, `filter`, `mapEffect`, and various `run*` methods.
+ */
+import { Effect, Sink, Stream } from "effect"
+
+interface Order {
+  readonly id: string
+  readonly customerId: string
+  readonly status: "paid" | "refunded"
+  readonly subtotalCents: number
+  readonly shippingCents: number
+  readonly country: "US" | "CA" | "NZ"
+}
+
+interface NormalizedOrder extends Order {
+  readonly totalCents: number
+}
+
+interface EnrichedOrder extends NormalizedOrder {
+  readonly taxCents: number
+  readonly grandTotalCents: number
+  readonly priority: "normal" | "high"
+}
+
+// Start with structured order events from an in-memory source.
+export const orderEvents = Stream.succeed<Order>({
+  id: "ord_1001",
+  customerId: "cus_1",
+  status: "paid",
+  subtotalCents: 4_500,
+  shippingCents: 500,
+  country: "US"
+})
+
+// Use `Stream.map` for pure per-element transforms.
+export const normalizedOrders = orderEvents.pipe(
+  Stream.map((order): NormalizedOrder => ({
+    ...order,
+    totalCents: order.subtotalCents + order.shippingCents
+  }))
+)
+
+// `Stream.filter` lets you exclude elements that don't match a predicate.
+export const paidOrders = normalizedOrders.pipe(
+  Stream.filter((order) => order.status === "paid")
+)
+
+// Use `Stream.flatMap` to transform each element into a stream, and flatten the
+// results.
+export const allOrders = Stream.make("US", "CA", "NZ").pipe(
+  Stream.flatMap(
+    (country) =>
+      Stream.range(1, 50).pipe(
+        Stream.map((i): Order => ({
+          id: `ord_${country}_${i}`,
+          customerId: `cus_${i}`,
+          status: i % 10 === 0 ? "refunded" : "paid",
+          subtotalCents: Math.round(Math.random() * 100_000),
+          shippingCents: Math.round(Math.random() * 10_000),
+          country
+        }))
+      ),
+    // Optionally control the concurrency of the flatMap with the second argument.
+    { concurrency: 2 }
+  )
+)
+
+const enrichOrder = Effect.fn(function*(order: NormalizedOrder): Effect.fn.Return<EnrichedOrder> {
+  // Simulate effectful enrichment (for example, tax/risk lookup).
+  yield* Effect.sleep("5 millis")
+
+  const taxRate = order.country === "US" ? 0.08 : 0.13
+  const taxCents = Math.round(order.totalCents * taxRate)
+
+  return {
+    ...order,
+    taxCents,
+    grandTotalCents: order.totalCents + taxCents,
+    priority: order.totalCents >= 20_000 ? "high" : "normal"
+  }
+})
+
+// `Stream.mapEffect` performs effectful per-element transforms with concurrency control.
+export const enrichedPaidOrders = paidOrders.pipe(
+  Stream.mapEffect(enrichOrder, { concurrency: 4 })
+)
+
+// `runCollect` gathers all stream outputs into an immutable array.
+export const collectedOrders = Stream.runCollect(enrichedPaidOrders)
+
+// `runDrain` runs the stream for its effects, ignoring all outputs.
+export const drained = Stream.runDrain(enrichedPaidOrders)
+
+// `runForEach` executes an effectful consumer for every element.
+export const logOrders = enrichedPaidOrders.pipe(
+  Stream.runForEach((order) => Effect.logInfo(`Order ${order.id} total=$${(order.grandTotalCents / 100).toFixed(2)}`))
+)
+
+// `runFold` reduces the stream to one accumulated value.
+export const totalRevenueCents = enrichedPaidOrders.pipe(
+  Stream.runFold(() => 0, (acc: number, order) => acc + order.grandTotalCents)
+)
+
+// `run` lets you consume a stream through any Sink.
+export const totalRevenueViaSink = enrichedPaidOrders.pipe(
+  Stream.map((order) => order.grandTotalCents),
+  Stream.run(Sink.sum)
+)
+
+// `runHead` and `runLast` capture edge elements as Option values.
+export const firstLargeOrder = enrichedPaidOrders.pipe(
+  Stream.filter((order) => order.priority === "high"),
+  Stream.runHead
+)
+
+export const lastLargeOrder = enrichedPaidOrders.pipe(
+  Stream.filter((order) => order.priority === "high"),
+  Stream.runLast
+)
+
+// Windowing-style operators help shape what downstream consumers see.
+export const firstTwoOrders = enrichedPaidOrders.pipe(
+  Stream.take(2),
+  Stream.runCollect
+)
+
+export const afterWarmupOrder = enrichedPaidOrders.pipe(
+  Stream.drop(1),
+  Stream.runCollect
+)
+
+export const untilLargeOrder = enrichedPaidOrders.pipe(
+  Stream.takeWhile((order) => order.priority === "normal"),
+  Stream.runCollect
+)

package/ai-docs/src/03_stream/30_encoding.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+/**
+ * @title Decoding and encoding streams
+ *
+ * Use `Stream.pipeThroughChannel` with the `Ndjson` and `SchemaBinary` modules to
+ * decode and encode streams of structured data.
+ */
+import { DateTime, Schema, Stream } from "effect"
+import { Ndjson, SchemaBinary } from "effect/encoding"
+
+// SchemaBinary derives a framed binary decoder directly from a schema.
+export const schemaBinaryDecoder = SchemaBinary.decode(Schema.Struct({
+  id: Schema.Int,
+  name: Schema.String
+}))()
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Domain
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// A log entry schema representing structured log events. In practice these
+// would come from a file, HTTP body, or socket connection.
+// `DateTimeUtcFromString` decodes an ISO-8601 string into a `DateTime.Utc`.
+class LogEntry extends Schema.Class<LogEntry>("LogEntry")({
+  timestamp: Schema.DateTimeUtcFromString,
+  level: Schema.Literals(["info", "warn", "error"]),
+  message: Schema.String
+}) {}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Decoding NDJSON strings → objects
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suppose we receive raw NDJSON text from a file or network socket.
+// `Ndjson.decodeString()` is a Channel that splits incoming strings on
+// newlines and `JSON.parse`s each line.
+// Pipe the stream through the channel with `Stream.pipeThroughChannel`.
+export const decodeUntyped = Stream.make(
+  "{\"timestamp\":\"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z\",\"level\":\"info\",\"message\":\"start\"}\n" +
+    "{\"timestamp\":\"2025-06-01T00:00:01Z\",\"level\":\"error\",\"message\":\"oops\"}\n"
+).pipe(
+  Stream.pipeThroughChannel(Ndjson.decodeString()),
+  Stream.runCollect
+)
+
+// When you need schema validation on top of the raw JSON parse, use
+// `Ndjson.decodeSchemaString(Schema)()`. This decodes each line, parses the
+// JSON, and then validates each value against the schema — all in one channel.
+export const decodeTyped = Stream.make(
+  "{\"timestamp\":\"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z\",\"level\":\"info\",\"message\":\"start\"}\n" +
+    "{\"timestamp\":\"2025-06-01T00:00:01Z\",\"level\":\"error\",\"message\":\"oops\"}\n"
+).pipe(
+  Stream.pipeThroughChannel(Ndjson.decodeSchemaString(LogEntry)()),
+  Stream.runCollect
+)
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Encoding objects → NDJSON strings
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// `Ndjson.encodeString()` serialises each value to a JSON line.
+// The resulting stream emits ready-to-write NDJSON strings.
+export const encodeUntyped = Stream.make(
+  { timestamp: "2025-06-01T00:00:00Z", level: "info", message: "start" },
+  { timestamp: "2025-06-01T00:00:01Z", level: "error", message: "oops" }
+).pipe(
+  Stream.pipeThroughChannel(Ndjson.encodeString()),
+  Stream.runCollect
+)
+
+// `Ndjson.encodeSchemaString(Schema)()` encodes each value through the schema
+// first (applying any transformations such as date formatting), then
+// serialises it to an NDJSON line.
+export const encodeTyped = Stream.make(
+  new LogEntry({
+    timestamp: DateTime.makeUnsafe("2025-06-01T00:00:00Z"),
+    level: "info",
+    message: "start"
+  }),
+  new LogEntry({
+    timestamp: DateTime.makeUnsafe("2025-06-01T00:00:01Z"),
+    level: "error",
+    message: "oops"
+  })
+).pipe(
+  Stream.pipeThroughChannel(Ndjson.encodeSchemaString(LogEntry)()),
+  Stream.runCollect
+)
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Binary (Uint8Array) variants
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// When working with binary I/O (e.g. TCP sockets, file descriptors) use the
+// non-string variants. `Ndjson.decode()` expects `Uint8Array` chunks and
+// handles text decoding internally. `Ndjson.encode()` produces `Uint8Array`
+// output.
+const enc = new TextEncoder()
+
+export const decodeBinary = Stream.make(
+  enc.encode("{\"level\":\"info\",\"message\":\"binary\"}\n")
+).pipe(
+  Stream.pipeThroughChannel(Ndjson.decode()),
+  Stream.runCollect
+)
+
+export const encodeBinary = Stream.make(
+  { level: "info", message: "binary" }
+).pipe(
+  Stream.pipeThroughChannel(Ndjson.encode()),
+  Stream.runCollect
+)
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Handling empty lines
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// NDJSON files sometimes contain blank lines (e.g. trailing newlines or
+// pretty-printed output). Pass `{ ignoreEmptyLines: true }` to skip them
+// instead of raising an `NdjsonError`.
+export const decodeIgnoringBlanks = Stream.make(
+  "{\"ok\":true}\n\n{\"ok\":false}\n"
+).pipe(
+  Stream.pipeThroughChannel(Ndjson.decodeString({ ignoreEmptyLines: true })),
+  Stream.runCollect
+)
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Error handling
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// `Ndjson.NdjsonError` is raised when encoding (`kind: "Pack"`) or decoding
+// (`kind: "Unpack"`) fails. You can catch it with `Stream.catchTag` or
+// `Effect.catchTag`.
+export const handleDecodeErrors = Stream.make("not-valid-json\n").pipe(
+  Stream.pipeThroughChannel(Ndjson.decodeString()),
+  Stream.catchTag("NdjsonError", (err) =>
+    // The `kind` field indicates whether the error occurred during
+    // encoding ("Pack") or decoding ("Unpack"), and `cause` contains
+    // the underlying exception.
+    Stream.succeed({ recovered: true, kind: err.kind })),
+  Stream.runCollect
+)
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Realistic pipeline: decode → transform → re-encode
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// A common pattern is to read NDJSON, transform each record, and write it
+// back as NDJSON. This example filters error-level log entries and re-encodes
+// them.
+const ndjsonInput = "{\"timestamp\":\"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z\",\"level\":\"info\",\"message\":\"ok\"}\n" +
+  "{\"timestamp\":\"2025-06-01T00:00:01Z\",\"level\":\"error\",\"message\":\"fail\"}\n" +
+  "{\"timestamp\":\"2025-06-01T00:00:02Z\",\"level\":\"warn\",\"message\":\"slow\"}\n"
+
+export const filterAndReencode = Stream.make(ndjsonInput).pipe(
+  // Decode each line into a validated LogEntry
+  Stream.pipeThroughChannel(Ndjson.decodeSchemaString(LogEntry)()),
+  // Keep only error-level entries
+  Stream.filter((entry) => entry.level === "error"),
+  // Re-encode the filtered entries back to NDJSON strings
+  Stream.pipeThroughChannel(Ndjson.encodeSchemaString(LogEntry)()),
+  Stream.runCollect
+)

package/ai-docs/src/03_stream/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+## Working with Streams
+
+Effect Streams represent effectful, pull-based sequences of values over time.
+They let you model finite or infinite data sources.