@effect-tui/react 0.1.3 → 0.1.5

package/src/renderer.ts

@@ -1,662 +1,412 @@
-import React, { createContext, useContext, useState, useEffect, type ReactNode } from "react"
+import React, { type ReactNode } from "react"
 import { performance } from "node:perf_hooks"
-import { CellBuffer, Palette, decodeKeys, type KeyMsg } from "@effect-tui/core"
-import { reconciler, type Container } from "./reconciler/host-config.js"
+import { ANSI, type KeyMsg, type MouseMsg, bufferToString } from "@effect-tui/core"
+import { reconciler, flushSync } from "./reconciler/host-config.js"
 import type { HostContext } from "./reconciler/types.js"
-import { ANSI, Terminal } from "./terminal.js"
 import * as Prof from "./profiler.js"
 import { DEFAULT_FPS } from "./constants.js"
-import {
-	emitRowWithReset,
-	rowChanged,
-	rowContentWidth,
-	findChangeWindow,
-	contentHeight,
-} from "./output.js"
-
-/** Minimal write stream interface for renderer output */
-export interface TuiWriteStream {
-  write(s: string): void
-  columns: number
-  rows: number
-  on(event: string, cb: () => void): void
-}
-
-/** Minimal read stream interface for renderer input */
-export interface TuiReadStream {
-  isTTY?: boolean
-  setRawMode?(mode: boolean): void
-  resume?(): void
-  on(event: string, cb: (data: Buffer) => void): void
-}
-
-export interface TuiRenderer {
-  /** Terminal width */
-  width: number
-  /** Terminal height */
-  height: number
-  /** Request a re-render */
-  requestRender(): void
-  /** Subscribe to per-frame stats (if enabled). */
-  onFrameStats?(handler: (stats: FrameStats) => void): () => void
-  /** Subscribe to keyboard events */
-  onKey(handler: (key: KeyMsg) => void): () => void
-  /** Subscribe to paste events (bracketed paste mode). */
-  onPaste?(handler: (text: string) => void): () => void
-  /** Subscribe to resize events */
-  onResize(handler: (width: number, height: number) => void): () => void
-  /** Stop the renderer */
-  stop(): void
-  /** Manually trigger one render frame (only in manualMode) */
-  flush(): void
-}
-
-/** Internal renderer type with container reference */
-interface TuiRendererInternal extends TuiRenderer {
-  _container: Container | null
-}
-
-// Context for accessing renderer in components
-export const RendererContext = createContext<TuiRenderer | null>(null)
-
-export function useRenderer(): TuiRenderer {
-  const renderer = useContext(RendererContext)
-  if (!renderer) {
-    throw new Error("useRenderer must be used within a TUI renderer")
-  }
-  return renderer
-}
-
-/** Hook that returns terminal size and re-renders on resize */
-export function useTerminalSize(): { width: number; height: number } {
-  const renderer = useRenderer()
-  const [size, setSize] = useState({ width: renderer.width, height: renderer.height })
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    return renderer.onResize((width, height) => {
-      setSize({ width, height })
-    })
-  }, [renderer])
-
-  return size
-}
-
-export interface RendererOptions {
-  fps?: number
-  stdout?: NodeJS.WriteStream | TuiWriteStream
-  stdin?: NodeJS.ReadStream | TuiReadStream
-  /** Render mode: "fullscreen" uses alternate buffer, "inline" renders in-place */
-  mode?: "fullscreen" | "inline"
-  /** Exit the process on Ctrl+C unless preventDefault was called. Defaults to true. */
-  exitOnCtrlC?: boolean
-  /** Enable diffed rendering (per-line). Defaults to true in runtime, false in manualMode (tests). */
-  diff?: boolean
-  /** Enable diffed rendering for inline mode (off by default; eraseLines baseline). */
-  diffInline?: boolean
-  /** Skip automatic render loop. Call flush() manually to render frames. */
-  manualMode?: boolean
-  /** Skip fullscreen/raw mode setup (for testing) */
-  skipTerminalSetup?: boolean
-  /** Enable bracketed paste (default true). */
-  enablePaste?: boolean
-  /** Optional per-frame diagnostics hook. Called after each frame is written. */
-  debug?: {
-    onFrame?: (stats: FrameStats) => void
-  }
-}
-
-export interface FrameStats {
-  mode: "fullscreen" | "inline"
-  width: number
-  height: number
-  contentHeight: number
-  bytes: number
-  frameMs: number
-  phases: {
-    clear: number
-    layout: number
-    render: number
-    diffAnsi: number
-    write: number
-  }
-  timestamp: number
-}
+import type {
+	TuiWriteStream,
+	TuiReadStream,
+	TuiRenderer,
+	TuiRendererInternal,
+	Container,
+	RendererOptions,
+	FrameStats,
+} from "./renderer-types.js"
+import { RendererContext } from "./renderer-context.js"
+
+// Extracted modules
+import { RendererState, FrameBuilder } from "./renderer/core/index.js"
+import { InputProcessor } from "./renderer/input/index.js"
+import { EventBus, TerminalSetup } from "./renderer/lifecycle/index.js"
+import { FullscreenRenderer, InlineRenderer, StaticContentRenderer } from "./renderer/modes/index.js"
+
+// Re-export types and context for backwards compatibility
+export type { TuiWriteStream, TuiReadStream, TuiRenderer, RendererOptions, FrameStats } from "./renderer-types.js"
+export { RendererContext, useRenderer, useTerminalSize } from "./renderer-context.js"
 
 export function createRenderer(options?: RendererOptions): TuiRenderer {
-  const fps = options?.fps ?? DEFAULT_FPS
-  const stdout: TuiWriteStream = options?.stdout ?? process.stdout
-  const stdin: TuiReadStream = options?.stdin ?? process.stdin
-  const mode = options?.mode ?? "fullscreen"
-  const exitOnCtrlC = options?.exitOnCtrlC ?? true
-  const manualMode = options?.manualMode ?? false
-  const enableDiff = options?.diff ?? !manualMode
-  const enableDiffInline = options?.diffInline ?? false
-  const skipTerminalSetup = options?.skipTerminalSetup ?? false
-  const enablePaste = options?.enablePaste ?? true
-  const debugHook = options?.debug?.onFrame
-  const PASTE_START = "\x1b[200~"
-  const PASTE_END = "\x1b[201~"
-  const PASTE_ENABLE = "\x1b[?2004h"
-  const PASTE_DISABLE = "\x1b[?2004l"
-
-  let width = stdout.columns || 80
-  let height = stdout.rows || 24
-  let lastWidth = width // Track for shrink detection (like Ink)
-  let dirty = true
-  let running = true
-  let previousHeight = 0 // For inline mode: track how many lines were rendered
-  const printedWidths = new Map<number, number>() // track rightmost printed col per row for inline diff
-  const keyHandlers = new Set<(key: KeyMsg) => void>()
-  const pasteHandlers = new Set<(text: string) => void>()
-  const resizeHandlers = new Set<(width: number, height: number) => void>()
-  const frameHandlers = new Set<(stats: FrameStats) => void>()
-  let pasteActive = false
-  let pasteBuffer = ""
-
-  const palette = new Palette()
-  let prevBuffer: CellBuffer | null = null
-  let nextBuffer: CellBuffer | null = null
-  let loop: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null
-
-  const teardown = () => {
-    if (skipTerminalSetup) return
-    if (mode === "fullscreen") {
-      stdout.write(Terminal.exitFullscreen)
-    } else {
-      stdout.write("\r\n")
-    }
-    if (enablePaste) {
-      stdout.write(PASTE_DISABLE)
-    }
-    stdout.write(Terminal.showCursor)
-    if (stdin.isTTY && stdin.setRawMode) {
-      stdin.setRawMode(false)
-    }
-  }
-
-  // The actual render logic, extracted for manual flushing
-  const renderFrame = () => {
-    const frameStart = Prof.startFrame()
-    const frameStartMs = performance.now()
-    let clearMs = 0
-    let layoutMs = 0
-    let renderMs = 0
-    let diffAnsiMs = 0
-    let writeMs = 0
-    let contentH = height
-    const container = (renderer as TuiRendererInternal)._container
-    const root = container?.root ?? null
-    if (!dirty || !root) return
-    dirty = false
-
-    // Ensure buffers exist and are correct size
-    if (!prevBuffer || !nextBuffer || prevBuffer.w !== width || prevBuffer.h !== height) {
-      prevBuffer = new CellBuffer(width, height)
-      nextBuffer = new CellBuffer(width, height)
-      prevBuffer.clear(0)
-      nextBuffer.clear(0)
-    }
-
-    // Clear next buffer
-    let t = Prof.startPhase()
-    {
-      const t0 = performance.now()
-      nextBuffer.clear(0)
-      clearMs = performance.now() - t0
-    }
-    Prof.endPhase("clear", t)
-
-    // Layout
-    t = Prof.startPhase()
-    {
-      const t0 = performance.now()
-      root.measure(width, height)
-      root.layout({ x: 0, y: 0, w: width, h: height })
-      layoutMs = performance.now() - t0
-    }
-    Prof.endPhase("layout", t)
-
-    // Render
-    t = Prof.startPhase()
-    {
-      const t0 = performance.now()
-      root.render(nextBuffer, palette)
-      renderMs = performance.now() - t0
-    }
-    Prof.endPhase("render", t)
-
-    // Output based on mode
-    t = Prof.startPhase()
-    const diffStartMs = performance.now()
-    let output = ""
-
-    if (mode === "fullscreen") {
-      // Fullscreen: optionally diff per line for minimal writes
-      if (enableDiff && prevBuffer) {
-        for (let y = 0; y < height; y++) {
-          if (!rowChanged(prevBuffer, nextBuffer, y, width)) continue
-          output += ANSI.cursor.to(1, y + 1)
-          // Clear the row using default style to avoid carrying stale backgrounds.
-          output += palette.sgr(0) + ANSI.line.clear
-          output += emitRowWithReset(nextBuffer, palette, y, width)
-        }
-      } else {
-        // Full redraw (tests/manual mode)
-        stdout.write(ANSI.cursor.to(1, 1) + palette.sgr(0))
-        for (let y = 0; y < height; y++) {
-          output += emitRowWithReset(nextBuffer, palette, y, width)
-          if (y < height - 1) output += "\r\n"
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      // ============================================================
-      // INLINE MODE RENDERING
-      // ============================================================
-      // Renders in-place without alternate buffer. Key insights from Ink:
-      // - Track previousHeight to know how many lines to erase
-      // - Trim trailing spaces to prevent wrap on terminal shrink
-      // - Safety valve: clear terminal if content >= terminal height
-      // ============================================================
-
-      const newHeight = contentHeight(nextBuffer, width, height)
-      contentH = newHeight
-
-      // Safety valve: if previous content would overflow, clear terminal first
-      if (previousHeight >= height) {
-        stdout.write(ANSI.screen.clear + ANSI.cursor.to(1, 1))
-        previousHeight = 0
-      }
-
-      // Move cursor up to start of previous output (eraseLines pattern)
-      if (previousHeight > 0) {
-        output += ANSI.cursor.up(previousHeight)
-        output += ANSI.cursor.startOfLine
-      }
-
-      if (enableDiffInline && prevBuffer) {
-        // Diff-based inline rendering: only update changed regions
-        const rowsToProcess = Math.max(newHeight, previousHeight)
-
-        for (let y = 0; y < rowsToProcess; y++) {
-          // Rows beyond newHeight: clear if previously printed
-          if (y >= newHeight) {
-            if ((printedWidths.get(y) ?? 0) > 0) {
-              output += ANSI.cursor.to(y + 1, 1) + palette.sgr(0) + ANSI.line.clear
-              printedWidths.set(y, 0)
-            }
-            continue
-          }
-
-          const change = findChangeWindow(prevBuffer, nextBuffer, y, width)
-          const newW = rowContentWidth(nextBuffer, y, width)
-          const prevW = printedWidths.get(y) ?? 0
-
-          if (!change) {
-            // No change; maybe need to clear tail if content shrunk
-            if (prevW > newW) {
-              output += ANSI.cursor.to(y + 1, newW + 1) + palette.sgr(0) + ANSI.line.clearToEnd
-              printedWidths.set(y, newW)
-            }
-            continue
-          }
-
-          // Emit changed region [left..right]
-          output += ANSI.cursor.to(y + 1, change.left + 1)
-          output += emitRowWithReset(nextBuffer, palette, y, width, change.left, change.right + 1)
-
-          // Clear tail if shrunk
-          const effectiveW = Math.max(newW, change.right + 1)
-          if (prevW > effectiveW) {
-            output += ANSI.cursor.to(y + 1, effectiveW + 1) + ANSI.line.clearToEnd
-          }
-          printedWidths.set(y, effectiveW)
-        }
-
-        previousHeight = newHeight
-      } else {
-        // Full redraw inline: clear and emit each line, trimming trailing spaces
-        for (let y = 0; y < newHeight; y++) {
-          output += palette.sgr(0) + ANSI.line.clear
-          const trimmedWidth = rowContentWidth(nextBuffer, y, width)
-          output += emitRowWithReset(nextBuffer, palette, y, width, 0, trimmedWidth)
-          output += "\r\n"
-        }
-
-        // Clear any extra lines if content shrank
-        for (let y = newHeight; y < previousHeight; y++) {
-          output += palette.sgr(0) + ANSI.line.clear + "\r\n"
-        }
-
-        // Move cursor back up to end of content
-        if (previousHeight > newHeight) {
-          output += ANSI.cursor.up(previousHeight - newHeight)
-        }
-
-        previousHeight = newHeight
-      }
-    }
-
-    output += palette.sgr(0) // Reset style
-    diffAnsiMs = performance.now() - diffStartMs
-    Prof.endPhase("diff+ansi", t)
-
-    t = Prof.startPhase()
-    {
-      const t0 = performance.now()
-      stdout.write(output)
-      writeMs = performance.now() - t0
-    }
-    Prof.endPhase("write", t)
-
-    Prof.endFrame(frameStart)
-    const frameMs = performance.now() - frameStartMs
-
-    // Swap buffers
-    const tmp = prevBuffer
-    prevBuffer = nextBuffer
-    nextBuffer = tmp
-
-    const stats: FrameStats = {
-      mode,
-      width,
-      height,
-      contentHeight: contentH,
-      bytes: Buffer.byteLength(output, "utf8"),
-      frameMs,
-      phases: {
-        clear: clearMs,
-        layout: layoutMs,
-        render: renderMs,
-        diffAnsi: diffAnsiMs,
-        write: writeMs,
-      },
-      timestamp: performance.now(),
-    }
-
-    if (debugHook) debugHook(stats)
-    if (frameHandlers.size > 0) {
-      for (const handler of frameHandlers) handler(stats)
-    }
-  }
-
-  const renderer: TuiRenderer = {
-    get width() {
-      return width
-    },
-    get height() {
-      return height
-    },
-    requestRender() {
-      dirty = true
-    },
-    onKey(handler: (key: KeyMsg) => void) {
-      keyHandlers.add(handler)
-      return () => keyHandlers.delete(handler)
-    },
-    onPaste(handler: (text: string) => void) {
-      pasteHandlers.add(handler)
-      return () => pasteHandlers.delete(handler)
-    },
-    onResize(handler: (width: number, height: number) => void) {
-      resizeHandlers.add(handler)
-      return () => resizeHandlers.delete(handler)
-    },
-    onFrameStats(handler: (stats: FrameStats) => void) {
-      frameHandlers.add(handler)
-      return () => frameHandlers.delete(handler)
-    },
-    stop() {
-      running = false
-      if (loop) {
-        clearInterval(loop)
-        loop = null
-      }
-      teardown()
-    },
-    flush() {
-      renderFrame()
-    },
-  }
-
-  // Terminal setup (skip for testing)
-  if (!skipTerminalSetup) {
-    if (mode === "fullscreen") {
-      stdout.write(Terminal.enterFullscreen)
-    }
-    // Hide cursor during rendering (both modes)
-    stdout.write(Terminal.hideCursor)
-    if (enablePaste) stdout.write(PASTE_ENABLE)
-
-    if (stdin.isTTY && stdin.setRawMode) {
-      stdin.setRawMode(true)
-      stdin.resume?.()
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Handle keyboard input (and bracketed paste)
-  stdin.on("data", (data: Buffer) => {
-    let chunk = data.toString("utf8")
-
-    const emitKeys = (str: string) => {
-      if (!str) return
-      const keys = decodeKeys(Buffer.from(str, "utf8"))
-      for (const key of keys) {
-        const wrapped: KeyMsg = {
-          ...key,
-          defaultPrevented: false,
-          preventDefault() {
-            wrapped.defaultPrevented = true
-          },
-        }
-        for (const handler of keyHandlers) {
-          if (wrapped.defaultPrevented) break
-          handler(wrapped)
-        }
-
-        // Default Ctrl+C handling - exit unless user called preventDefault()
-        if (exitOnCtrlC && !wrapped.defaultPrevented && key.ctrl && key.text === "c") {
-          process.exit(0)
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    while (chunk.length > 0) {
-      if (pasteActive) {
-        const endIdx = chunk.indexOf(PASTE_END)
-        if (endIdx >= 0) {
-          pasteBuffer += chunk.slice(0, endIdx)
-          pasteHandlers.forEach((h) => h(pasteBuffer))
-          pasteBuffer = ""
-          pasteActive = false
-          chunk = chunk.slice(endIdx + PASTE_END.length)
-          continue
-        } else {
-          pasteBuffer += chunk
-          chunk = ""
-          break
-        }
-      }
-
-      const startIdx = chunk.indexOf(PASTE_START)
-      if (startIdx >= 0) {
-        // Emit any keys before the paste start
-        emitKeys(chunk.slice(0, startIdx))
-        pasteActive = true
-        pasteBuffer = ""
-        chunk = chunk.slice(startIdx + PASTE_START.length)
-        continue
-      }
-
-      // No paste markers; treat as normal keys
-      emitKeys(chunk)
-      chunk = ""
-    }
-
-    dirty = true
-  })
-
-  // Handle resize - render synchronously like Ink does
-  stdout.on("resize", () => {
-    const newWidth = stdout.columns || 80
-    const newHeight = stdout.rows || 24
-
-    // Fullscreen: clear entire screen on resize to prevent artifacts from terminal reflow
-    // The terminal may leave stale content that our diff-based rendering doesn't see
-    if (mode === "fullscreen") {
-      stdout.write(ANSI.screen.clear + ANSI.cursor.to(1, 1))
-    } else if (mode === "inline" && newWidth < lastWidth && previousHeight > 0) {
-      // Inline: on width shrink, previous content may have wrapped to MORE lines
-      // than previousHeight. Clear from content start to END OF SCREEN to catch all.
-      stdout.write(ANSI.cursor.up(previousHeight) + ANSI.cursor.startOfLine)
-      stdout.write(ANSI.screen.clearToEnd)
-      previousHeight = 0
-    }
-
-    width = newWidth
-    height = newHeight
-    lastWidth = newWidth
-    prevBuffer = null
-    nextBuffer = null
-    dirty = true
-
-    // Notify resize handlers
-    for (const handler of resizeHandlers) {
-      handler(newWidth, newHeight)
-    }
-
-    // Render immediately on resize (like Ink) to prevent cursor corruption
-    renderFrame()
-  })
-
-  // Automatic render loop (skip in manual mode)
-  if (!manualMode) {
-    const frameMs = 1000 / fps
-    loop = setInterval(() => {
-      if (!running) {
-        if (loop) clearInterval(loop)
-        teardown()
-        return
-      }
-      renderFrame()
-    }, frameMs)
-  }
-  // Store container reference for direct root access
-  ;(renderer as TuiRendererInternal)._container = null
-
-  return renderer
+	const fps = options?.fps ?? DEFAULT_FPS
+	const stdout: TuiWriteStream = options?.stdout ?? process.stdout
+	const stdin: TuiReadStream = options?.stdin ?? process.stdin
+	const mode = options?.mode ?? "fullscreen"
+	const exitOnCtrlC = options?.exitOnCtrlC ?? true
+	const manualMode = options?.manualMode ?? false
+	const enableDiff = options?.diff ?? !manualMode
+	const skipTerminalSetup = options?.skipTerminalSetup ?? false
+	const enablePaste = options?.enablePaste ?? true
+	const enableMouse = options?.enableMouse ?? mode === "fullscreen"
+	const debugHook = options?.debug?.onFrame
+
+	// Initialize state
+	const state = new RendererState(stdout.columns || 80, stdout.rows || 24)
+	const events = new EventBus()
+	const frameBuilder = new FrameBuilder()
+
+	// Terminal setup/teardown
+	const terminal = new TerminalSetup(stdout, stdin, {
+		mode,
+		enablePaste,
+		enableMouse,
+		skipTerminalSetup,
+	})
+
+	// Render mode (fullscreen or inline)
+	const renderMode = mode === "fullscreen" ? new FullscreenRenderer() : new InlineRenderer()
+
+	// Static content renderer (inline mode only)
+	const staticRenderer = mode === "inline" ? new StaticContentRenderer(stdout, state.palette) : null
+
+	// Input processing
+	const inputProcessor = new InputProcessor({
+		exitOnCtrlC,
+		dispatchKey: (key) => {
+			events.dispatchKey(key)
+			return key.defaultPrevented ?? false
+		},
+		dispatchMouse: (mouse) => events.dispatchMouse(mouse),
+		dispatchPaste: (text) => events.dispatchPaste(text),
+		flushSync: (fn) => flushSync(fn) ?? (undefined as never),
+		onInputProcessed: () => {
+			if (!manualMode) renderFrame()
+		},
+	})
+
+	// The render frame logic
+	const renderFrame = () => {
+		const frameStart = Prof.startFrame()
+		const frameStartMs = performance.now()
+		const frameWidth = state.width
+		const frameHeight = state.height
+		let contentH = frameHeight
+
+		const container = (renderer as TuiRendererInternal)._container
+		const root = container?.root ?? null
+
+		// Must render if dirty OR if static content needs flushing
+		if ((!state.dirty && !container?.staticDirty) || !root) return
+		state.dirty = false
+
+		try {
+			// Handle full rerender on resize (Ink-style: clear everything + replay static)
+			if (mode === "inline" && staticRenderer) {
+				const inlineMode = renderMode as InlineRenderer
+				if (inlineMode.needsFullRerender()) {
+					// Clear screen + scrollback + cursor home
+					stdout.write(ANSI.screen.clear + ANSI.screen.clearScrollback + ANSI.cursor.home)
+					// Replay all cached static content
+					const cachedStatic = staticRenderer.getCachedOutput()
+					if (cachedStatic) {
+						stdout.write(cachedStatic)
+					}
+					// Reset state
+					inlineMode.clearFullRerenderFlag()
+					state.invalidateBuffers()
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Handle static content: clear dynamic area, append static, then fresh dynamic render
+			// Note: IL (insert lines) won't work here because inline mode uses relative positioning
+			// and IL would desync the screen state from our buffer tracking.
+			let staticOutput = ""
+			if (mode === "inline" && container?.staticDirty && container?.staticRoot && staticRenderer) {
+				const inlineMode = renderMode as InlineRenderer
+				const prevHeight = inlineMode.getPreviousHeight()
+
+				// Step 1: Clear the dynamic area (move up + clear to end of screen)
+				if (prevHeight > 0) {
+					staticOutput += ANSI.cursor.up(prevHeight) + ANSI.cursor.startOfLine + ANSI.screen.clearToEnd
+				}
+
+				// Step 2: Append static content (cursor ends at bottom of static)
+				staticOutput += staticRenderer.render(container.staticRoot, frameWidth)
+
+				// Step 3: Reset previousHeight to 0 (we cleared dynamic, starting fresh)
+				inlineMode.reset()
+				inlineMode.forceFullOutputOnce() // Force full output to resync cursor tracking after static
+				state.invalidateBuffers()
+				container.staticDirty = false
+			}
+
+			// For inline mode, measure content unconstrained to handle overflow
+			let actualContentHeight = frameHeight
+			if (mode === "inline") {
+				const size = root.measure(frameWidth, Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)
+				actualContentHeight = size.h
+			}
+
+			// Buffer height: content height for inline (to capture all content), terminal height for fullscreen
+			const bufferHeight = mode === "inline" ? Math.max(actualContentHeight, frameHeight) : frameHeight
+
+			// Ensure buffers exist
+			state.ensureBuffers(frameWidth, bufferHeight)
+			if (!state.nextBuffer) return
+
+			// Build frame (clear, layout, render)
+			const timings = frameBuilder.build(root, state.nextBuffer, state.palette, frameWidth, bufferHeight)
+
+			// Generate output
+			const t = Prof.startPhase()
+			const diffStartMs = performance.now()
+
+			const { output: modeOutput, contentHeight } = renderMode.generateOutput({
+				nextBuffer: state.nextBuffer,
+				prevBuffer: state.prevBuffer,
+				palette: state.palette,
+				frameWidth,
+				frameHeight,
+				contentHeight: actualContentHeight,
+				enableDiff,
+				stdout,
+			})
+
+			// Combine static + dynamic output for atomic write
+			let output = staticOutput + modeOutput + state.palette.sgr(0)
+			contentH = contentHeight
+			const diffAnsiMs = performance.now() - diffStartMs
+			Prof.endPhase("diff+ansi", t)
+
+			// Write output (single atomic write prevents visual glitches)
+			const writeT = Prof.startPhase()
+			const writeStart = performance.now()
+			stdout.write(output)
+			const writeMs = performance.now() - writeStart
+			Prof.endPhase("write", writeT)
+
+			Prof.endFrame(frameStart)
+			const frameMs = performance.now() - frameStartMs
+
+			// Swap buffers
+			state.swapBuffers()
+
+			// Build stats
+			const stats: FrameStats = {
+				mode,
+				width: state.width,
+				height: state.height,
+				contentHeight: contentH,
+				bytes: Buffer.byteLength(output, "utf8"),
+				frameMs,
+				phases: {
+					clear: timings.clear,
+					layout: timings.layout,
+					render: timings.render,
+					diffAnsi: diffAnsiMs,
+					write: writeMs,
+				},
+				timestamp: performance.now(),
+			}
+
+			if (debugHook) debugHook(stats)
+			if (events.hasFrameHandlers) events.dispatchFrame(stats)
+		} catch (err) {
+			console.error("[effect-tui] Render error:", err)
+			state.markDirty()
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Build renderer object
+	const renderer: TuiRenderer = {
+		get width() {
+			return state.width
+		},
+		get height() {
+			return state.height
+		},
+		requestRender() {
+			state.markDirty()
+		},
+		onKey: (handler: (key: KeyMsg) => void) => events.onKey(handler),
+		onMouse: (handler: (mouse: MouseMsg) => void) => events.onMouse(handler),
+		onPaste: (handler: (text: string) => void) => events.onPaste(handler),
+		onResize: (handler: (width: number, height: number) => void) => events.onResize(handler),
+		onFrameStats: (handler: (stats: FrameStats) => void) => events.onFrameStats(handler),
+		stop() {
+			state.running = false
+			if (state.loop) {
+				clearInterval(state.loop)
+				state.loop = null
+			}
+			if (state.inputHandler) {
+				stdin.removeListener("data", state.inputHandler)
+				state.inputHandler = null
+			}
+			if (state.resizeHandler) {
+				stdout.removeListener("resize", state.resizeHandler)
+				state.resizeHandler = null
+			}
+			terminal.teardown()
+		},
+		flush() {
+			renderFrame()
+		},
+		getScreenshot() {
+			// Return the previous buffer as ANSI string (it has the last rendered frame)
+			if (state.prevBuffer) {
+				return bufferToString(state.prevBuffer, state.palette, state.width, state.height)
+			}
+			return ""
+		},
+		dispatchKey(key: KeyMsg) {
+			events.dispatchKey(key)
+			if (!manualMode) renderFrame()
+		},
+		dispatchPaste(text: string) {
+			events.dispatchPaste(text)
+			if (!manualMode) renderFrame()
+		},
+		dispatchResize(width: number, height: number) {
+			state.updateDimensions(width, height)
+			state.invalidateBuffers()
+			state.markDirty()
+			events.dispatchResize(width, height)
+			if (!manualMode) renderFrame()
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Terminal setup
+	terminal.setup()
+
+	// Input handling
+	state.inputHandler = (data: Buffer) => inputProcessor.process(data)
+	stdin.on("data", state.inputHandler)
+
+	// Resize handling
+	state.resizeHandler = () => {
+		const newWidth = stdout.columns || 80
+		const newHeight = stdout.rows || 24
+
+		renderMode.handleResize(newWidth, newHeight, state.lastWidth)
+
+		state.updateDimensions(newWidth, newHeight)
+		state.invalidateBuffers()
+		state.markDirty()
+
+		events.dispatchResize(newWidth, newHeight)
+	}
+	stdout.on("resize", state.resizeHandler)
+
+	// Render loop
+	if (!manualMode) {
+		const frameMs = 1000 / fps
+		state.loop = setInterval(() => {
+			if (!state.running) {
+				if (state.loop) clearInterval(state.loop)
+				terminal.teardown()
+				return
+			}
+			renderFrame()
+		}, frameMs)
+	}
+
+	;(renderer as TuiRendererInternal)._container = null
+	return renderer
 }
 
 export interface Root {
-  render(element: ReactNode, sync?: boolean): void
-  unmount(): void
+	render(element: ReactNode, sync?: boolean): void
+	unmount(): void
 }
 
 export function createRoot(renderer: TuiRenderer): Root {
-  const hostContext: HostContext = {
-    requestRender: () => renderer.requestRender(),
-  }
-
-  const container: Container = {
-    root: null,
-    ctx: hostContext,
-  }
-
-  const fiberRoot = reconciler.createContainer(
-    container,
-    0, // LegacyRoot
-    null, // hydrationCallbacks
-    false, // isStrictMode
-    null, // concurrentUpdatesByDefaultOverride
-    "", // identifierPrefix
-    (err: Error) => console.error(err), // onUncaughtError
-    (err: Error) => console.error(err), // onCaughtError
-    (err: Error) => console.error(err), // onRecoverableError
-    () => {}, // onDefaultTransitionIndicator
-    null, // transitionCallbacks
-  )
-
-  // Give renderer direct access to container
-  ;(renderer as TuiRendererInternal)._container = container
-
-  const reconcilerAny: any = reconciler
-  const runSync = reconcilerAny.flushSync?.bind(reconcilerAny) ?? ((fn: () => void) => fn())
-
-  return {
-    render(element: ReactNode, sync = false) {
-      const wrapped = React.createElement(RendererContext.Provider, { value: renderer }, element)
-      if (sync) {
-        runSync(() => {
-          reconciler.updateContainer(wrapped, fiberRoot, null, null)
-        })
-        renderer.requestRender()
-      } else {
-        reconciler.updateContainer(wrapped, fiberRoot, null, () => {
-          renderer.requestRender()
-        })
-      }
-    },
-    unmount() {
-      reconciler.updateContainer(null, fiberRoot, null, () => {
-        renderer.stop()
-      })
-    },
-  }
+	const hostContext: HostContext = {
+		requestRender: () => renderer.requestRender(),
+		requestImmediateRender: () => renderer.flush(),
+	}
+
+	const container: Container = {
+		root: null,
+		ctx: hostContext,
+	}
+
+	const fiberRoot = reconciler.createContainer(
+		container,
+		0,
+		null,
+		false,
+		null,
+		"",
+		(err: Error) => console.error(err),
+		(err: Error) => console.error(err),
+		(err: Error) => console.error(err),
+		() => {},
+		null,
+	)
+
+	;(renderer as TuiRendererInternal)._container = container
+
+	return {
+		render(element: ReactNode, sync = false) {
+			const wrapped = React.createElement(RendererContext.Provider, { value: renderer }, element)
+			if (sync) {
+				flushSync(() => {
+					reconciler.updateContainer(wrapped, fiberRoot, null, null)
+				})
+				renderer.requestRender()
+			} else {
+				reconciler.updateContainer(wrapped, fiberRoot, null, () => {
+					renderer.requestRender()
+				})
+			}
+		},
+		unmount() {
+			reconciler.updateContainer(null, fiberRoot, null, () => {
+				renderer.stop()
+			})
+		},
+	}
 }
 
 // High-level convenience API (Ink-style)
 export interface RenderInstance {
-  renderer: TuiRenderer
-  root: Root
-  rerender(element: ReactNode): void
-  unmount(): void
-  waitUntilExit(): Promise<void>
+	renderer: TuiRenderer
+	root: Root
+	rerender(element: ReactNode): void
+	unmount(): void
+	waitUntilExit(): Promise<void>
 }
 
-/**
- * Render a React tree to the terminal in one call.
- * Returns helpers similar to Ink: rerender, unmount, waitUntilExit.
- */
 export function render(element: ReactNode, options?: RendererOptions): RenderInstance {
-  const renderer = createRenderer(options)
-  const root = createRoot(renderer)
-
-  // Initial render (sync to avoid flicker before the loop runs)
-  root.render(element, true)
-
-  let resolved = false
-  let resolveExit: (() => void) | null = null
-  const exitPromise = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-    resolveExit = () => {
-      if (resolved) return
-      resolved = true
-      resolve()
-    }
-  })
-
-  const onExit = () => {
-    if (!resolved) {
-      renderer.stop()
-      resolveExit?.()
-    }
-  }
-  process.once("exit", onExit)
-
-  const unmount = () => {
-    process.off("exit", onExit)
-    renderer.stop()
-    resolveExit?.()
-  }
-
-  const rerender = (next: ReactNode) => {
-    if (resolved) return
-    root.render(next)
-  }
-
-  return {
-    renderer,
-    root,
-    rerender,
-    unmount,
-    waitUntilExit: () => exitPromise,
-  }
+	const renderer = createRenderer(options)
+	const root = createRoot(renderer)
+
+	root.render(element, true)
+
+	let resolved = false
+	let resolveExit: (() => void) | null = null
+	const exitPromise = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+		resolveExit = () => {
+			if (resolved) return
+			resolved = true
+			resolve()
+		}
+	})
+
+	const onExit = () => {
+		if (!resolved) {
+			renderer.stop()
+			resolveExit?.()
+		}
+	}
+	process.once("exit", onExit)
+
+	const unmount = () => {
+		process.off("exit", onExit)
+		renderer.stop()
+		resolveExit?.()
+	}
+
+	const rerender = (next: ReactNode) => {
+		if (resolved) return
+		root.render(next)
+	}
+
+	return {
+		renderer,
+		root,
+		rerender,
+		unmount,
+		waitUntilExit: () => exitPromise,
+	}
 }