@effect-app/infra 4.0.0-beta.22 → 4.0.0-beta.220

package/test/sql-store.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1592 @@
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
+import type Sqlite from "better-sqlite3"
+import BetterSqlite from "better-sqlite3"
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest"
+import { parseRow } from "../src/Store/SQL.js"
+import { buildWhereSQLQuery, pgDialect, sqliteDialect } from "../src/Store/SQL/query.js"
+import { makeETag } from "../src/Store/utils.js"
+
+const query = (db: Sqlite.Database, sql: string, params: unknown[] = []) =>
+  db.prepare(sql).all(...params as any[]) as any[]
+
+// --- Query builder unit tests ---
+
+describe("SQL query builder (SQLite dialect)", () => {
+  it("where eq string", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "name", op: "eq", value: "John" }],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("json_extract(data, '$.name') = ?")
+    expect(result.params).toContain("John")
+  })
+
+  it("where eq number", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "age", op: "eq", value: 25 as any }],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("json_extract(data, '$.age') = ?")
+    expect(result.params).toContain(25)
+  })
+
+  it("where gt", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "age", op: "gt", value: 18 as any }],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("json_extract(data, '$.age') > ?")
+    expect(result.params).toContain(18)
+  })
+
+  it("where or", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [
+        { t: "where", path: "name", op: "eq", value: "Alice" },
+        { t: "or", path: "name", op: "eq", value: "Bob" }
+      ],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("= ?")
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("OR")
+    expect(result.params).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(["Alice", "Bob"]))
+  })
+
+  it("where and", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [
+        { t: "where", path: "name", op: "eq", value: "Alice" },
+        { t: "and", path: "age", op: "gt", value: 18 as any }
+      ],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("AND")
+    expect(result.params).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(["Alice", 18]))
+  })
+
+  it("where in", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "id", op: "in", value: ["a", "b", "c"] as any }],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("id IN (?, ?, ?)")
+    expect(result.params).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(["a", "b", "c"]))
+  })
+
+  it("where null", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "status", op: "eq", value: null as any }],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("IS NULL")
+  })
+
+  it("where neq null", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "status", op: "neq", value: null as any }],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("IS NOT NULL")
+  })
+
+  it("where contains", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "name", op: "contains", value: "oh" }],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("LIKE")
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("LOWER")
+    expect(result.params).toContain("%oh%")
+  })
+
+  it("where startsWith", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "name", op: "startsWith", value: "Jo" }],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("LIKE")
+    expect(result.params).toContain("Jo%")
+  })
+
+  it("where endsWith", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "name", op: "endsWith", value: "hn" }],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("LIKE")
+    expect(result.params).toContain("%hn")
+  })
+
+  it("where includes (array contains)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "tags", op: "includes", value: "admin" }],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("json_each")
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("value = ?")
+    expect(result.params).toContain("admin")
+  })
+
+  it("where includes-any (array contains any)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "tags", op: "includes-any", value: ["admin", "user"] as any }],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("json_each")
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("IN")
+  })
+
+  it("nested scopes", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [
+        { t: "where", path: "a", op: "eq", value: "1" },
+        {
+          t: "or-scope",
+          result: [
+            { t: "where", path: "b", op: "eq", value: "2" },
+            { t: "and", path: "c", op: "eq", value: "3" }
+          ],
+          relation: "some" as const
+        }
+      ],
+      "test",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("OR (")
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("AND")
+    expect(result.params).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(["1", "2", "3"]))
+  })
+
+  it("id key maps to id column", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "myId",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "myId", op: "eq", value: "123" }],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("id = ?")
+    expect(result.sql).not.toContain("json_extract")
+    expect(result.params).toContain("123")
+  })
+
+  it("order + limit + skip", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      undefined,
+      [{ key: "name", direction: "ASC" }] as any,
+      5,
+      10
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("ORDER BY")
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("ASC")
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("LIMIT")
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("OFFSET")
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation count projection", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "pickedCount",
+        computed: {
+          _tag: "relation-count",
+          path: "items",
+          filter: [{ t: "where", path: "items.-1.description", op: "contains", value: "picked" }]
+        }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`SELECT COUNT(1) FROM json_each(data, '$.items') AS _items`)
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "pickedCount"`)
+    expect(result.params).toContain("%picked%")
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation any projection (sqlite bool encoding)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "hasPicked",
+        computed: {
+          _tag: "relation-any",
+          path: "items",
+          filter: [{ t: "where", path: "items.-1.description", op: "contains", value: "picked" }]
+        }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("CASE WHEN EXISTS(")
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "hasPicked"`)
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation every projection (sqlite emits NOT EXISTS NOT)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "allPicked",
+        computed: {
+          _tag: "relation-every",
+          path: "items",
+          filter: [{ t: "where", path: "items.-1.state._tag", op: "eq", value: "picked" }]
+        }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM json_each(data, '$.items') AS _items WHERE NOT (`)
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "allPicked"`)
+    expect(result.params).toContain("picked")
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation-every with no filter degenerates to true", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "allPicked",
+        computed: { _tag: "relation-every", path: "items", filter: [] }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("CASE WHEN 1=1")
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "allPicked"`)
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation-distinct-count projection (sqlite)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "positionCount",
+        computed: {
+          _tag: "relation-distinct-count",
+          path: "items",
+          field: "rowId",
+          filter: [{ t: "where", path: "items.-1.state._tag", op: "neq", value: "cancelled" }]
+        }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT json_extract(_items.value, '$.rowId'))`)
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "positionCount"`)
+    expect(result.params).toContain("cancelled")
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation-sum projection (sqlite casts to REAL)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "totalWeight",
+        computed: { _tag: "relation-sum", path: "items", field: "weight", filter: [] }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`SELECT COALESCE(SUM(CAST(json_extract(_items.value, '$.weight') AS REAL)), 0)`)
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "totalWeight"`)
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation-sum-expr projection (sqlite)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "totalWeighted",
+        computed: {
+          _tag: "relation-sum-expr",
+          path: "items",
+          expression: {
+            _tag: "mul",
+            left: { _tag: "field", field: "weight" },
+            right: { _tag: "field", field: "tradeUnit.amount" }
+          },
+          filter: []
+        }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(
+      `COALESCE(SUM((CAST(json_extract(_items.value, '$.weight') AS REAL) * CAST(json_extract(_items.value, '$.tradeUnit.amount') AS REAL))), 0)`
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "totalWeighted"`)
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation-sum-expr-by projection (sqlite)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "totalsByUnit",
+        computed: {
+          _tag: "relation-sum-expr-by",
+          path: "items",
+          expression: {
+            _tag: "mul",
+            left: { _tag: "field", field: "weight" },
+            right: { _tag: "field", field: "tradeUnit.amount" }
+          },
+          unit: "tradeUnit.unit",
+          filter: []
+        }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`json_group_array(json_object('unit', __unit, 'total', __total))`)
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`GROUP BY json_extract(_items.value, '$.tradeUnit.unit')`)
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "totalsByUnit"`)
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation-sum-expr-normalized projection (sqlite)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "totalKg",
+        computed: {
+          _tag: "relation-sum-expr-normalized",
+          path: "items",
+          expression: {
+            _tag: "mul",
+            left: { _tag: "field", field: "weight" },
+            right: { _tag: "field", field: "tradeUnit.amount" }
+          },
+          unit: "tradeUnit.unit",
+          toBase: "kg",
+          factors: { g: 0.001 },
+          filter: []
+        }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(
+      `CASE json_extract(_items.value, '$.tradeUnit.unit') WHEN 'kg' THEN 1 WHEN 'g' THEN 0.001 ELSE NULL END`
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "totalKg"`)
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation-collect (non-distinct) projection (sqlite)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "tags",
+        computed: { _tag: "relation-collect", path: "items", field: "articleId", distinct: false, filter: [] }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(
+      `SELECT COALESCE(json_group_array(json_extract(_items.value, '$.articleId')), json_array())`
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "tags"`)
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation-collect (distinct) emits inner DISTINCT subquery (sqlite)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "tags",
+        computed: { _tag: "relation-collect", path: "items", field: "articleId", distinct: true, filter: [] }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`json_group_array(__v)`)
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`SELECT DISTINCT json_extract(_items.value, '$.articleId') AS __v`)
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "tags"`)
+  })
+})
+
+describe("SQL query builder (PostgreSQL dialect)", () => {
+  it("where eq string uses ->> operator", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "name", op: "eq", value: "John" }],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("data->>'name'")
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("$1")
+    expect(result.params).toContain("John")
+  })
+
+  it("where contains uses ILIKE", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "name", op: "contains", value: "oh" }],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("ILIKE")
+    expect(result.params).toContain("%oh%")
+  })
+
+  it("where in uses $N placeholders", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "status", op: "in", value: ["active", "pending"] as any }],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("$1")
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("$2")
+    expect(result.params).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(["active", "pending"]))
+  })
+
+  it("where includes uses @> jsonb operator", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "tags", op: "includes", value: "admin" }],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("@>")
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("jsonb")
+  })
+
+  it("nested path uses chained -> operators", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "address.city", op: "eq", value: "NYC" }],
+      "users",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("data->'address'->>'city'")
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation any projection", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "hasPicked",
+        computed: {
+          _tag: "relation-any",
+          path: "items",
+          filter: [{ t: "where", path: "items.-1.description", op: "contains", value: "picked" }]
+        }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM jsonb_array_elements(data->'items') AS _items")
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "hasPicked"`)
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation-every (pg)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "allPicked",
+        computed: {
+          _tag: "relation-every",
+          path: "items",
+          filter: [{ t: "where", path: "items.-1.state._tag", op: "eq", value: "picked" }]
+        }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM jsonb_array_elements(data->'items') AS _items WHERE NOT (`)
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "allPicked"`)
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation-distinct-count (pg)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "positions",
+        computed: { _tag: "relation-distinct-count", path: "items", field: "rowId", filter: [] }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`COUNT(DISTINCT _items->>'rowId')`)
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "positions"`)
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation-sum (pg casts via ::numeric)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "totalWeight",
+        computed: { _tag: "relation-sum", path: "items", field: "weight", filter: [] }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`COALESCE(SUM((_items->>'weight')::numeric), 0)`)
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "totalWeight"`)
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation-sum-expr (pg)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "totalWeighted",
+        computed: {
+          _tag: "relation-sum-expr",
+          path: "items",
+          expression: {
+            _tag: "mul",
+            left: { _tag: "field", field: "weight" },
+            right: { _tag: "field", field: "tradeUnit.amount" }
+          },
+          filter: []
+        }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(
+      `COALESCE(SUM(((_items->>'weight')::numeric * (_items->'tradeUnit'->>'amount')::numeric)), 0)`
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "totalWeighted"`)
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation-sum-expr-by (pg)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "totalsByUnit",
+        computed: {
+          _tag: "relation-sum-expr-by",
+          path: "items",
+          expression: {
+            _tag: "mul",
+            left: { _tag: "field", field: "weight" },
+            right: { _tag: "field", field: "tradeUnit.amount" }
+          },
+          unit: "tradeUnit.unit",
+          filter: []
+        }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`jsonb_agg(jsonb_build_object('unit', __unit, 'total', __total))`)
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`GROUP BY _items->'tradeUnit'->>'unit'`)
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "totalsByUnit"`)
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation-sum-expr-normalized (pg)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "totalKg",
+        computed: {
+          _tag: "relation-sum-expr-normalized",
+          path: "items",
+          expression: {
+            _tag: "mul",
+            left: { _tag: "field", field: "weight" },
+            right: { _tag: "field", field: "tradeUnit.amount" }
+          },
+          unit: "tradeUnit.unit",
+          toBase: "kg",
+          factors: { g: 0.001 },
+          filter: []
+        }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`CASE _items->'tradeUnit'->>'unit' WHEN 'kg' THEN 1 WHEN 'g' THEN 0.001 ELSE NULL END`)
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "totalKg"`)
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation-collect (pg jsonb_agg)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "ids",
+        computed: { _tag: "relation-collect", path: "items", field: "articleId", distinct: false, filter: [] }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`COALESCE(jsonb_agg(_items->>'articleId'), '[]'::jsonb)`)
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`AS "ids"`)
+  })
+
+  it("computed relation-collect distinct (pg jsonb_agg DISTINCT)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [],
+      "users",
+      {},
+      [{
+        key: "ids",
+        computed: { _tag: "relation-collect", path: "items", field: "articleId", distinct: true, filter: [] }
+      }]
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain(`COALESCE(jsonb_agg(DISTINCT _items->>'articleId'), '[]'::jsonb)`)
+  })
+})
+
+// --- Integration tests with in-memory SQLite (direct, no Effect SQL client) ---
+
+describe("SQL Store (SQLite integration)", () => {
+  const withDb = (fn: (db: Sqlite.Database) => void) => {
+    const db = new BetterSqlite(":memory:")
+    db.pragma("journal_mode = WAL")
+    try {
+      fn(db)
+    } finally {
+      db.close()
+    }
+  }
+
+  it("creates table and seeds data", () =>
+    withDb((db) => {
+      db.exec(
+        `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "test_items" (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, _etag TEXT, data JSON NOT NULL)`
+      )
+      db
+        .prepare(`INSERT INTO "test_items" (id, _etag, data) VALUES (?, ?, ?)`)
+        .run("1", "etag1", JSON.stringify({ name: "Alice", age: 30 }))
+
+      const rows = db.prepare(`SELECT * FROM "test_items"`).all()
+      expect(rows.length).toBe(1)
+      expect((rows[0] as any).id).toBe("1")
+    }))
+
+  it("data column should not contain _etag or id", () =>
+    withDb((db) => {
+      db.exec(
+        `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "test_clean" (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, _etag TEXT, data JSON NOT NULL)`
+      )
+      // Simulate what toRow now produces: data without id or _etag
+      const data = { name: "Alice", age: 30, tags: ["admin"] }
+      db
+        .prepare(`INSERT INTO "test_clean" (id, _etag, data) VALUES (?, ?, ?)`)
+        .run("1", "etag1", JSON.stringify(data))
+
+      const row = db.prepare(`SELECT * FROM "test_clean" WHERE id = ?`).get("1") as any
+      const parsed = JSON.parse(row.data) as any
+      expect(parsed).not.toHaveProperty("id")
+      expect(parsed).not.toHaveProperty("_etag")
+      expect(parsed.name).toBe("Alice")
+      expect(parsed.age).toBe(30)
+      expect(parsed.tags).toEqual(["admin"])
+      // id and _etag come from their own columns
+      expect(row.id).toBe("1")
+      expect(row._etag).toBe("etag1")
+    }))
+
+  it("backward compat: rows with id/_etag in data still work with queries", () =>
+    withDb((db) => {
+      db.exec(
+        `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "test_compat" (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, _etag TEXT, data JSON NOT NULL)`
+      )
+      // Old format: id and _etag inside data
+      db
+        .prepare(`INSERT INTO "test_compat" (id, _etag, data) VALUES (?, ?, ?)`)
+        .run("1", "etag1", JSON.stringify({ id: "1", _etag: "old_etag", name: "Alice", age: 30 }))
+      // New format: id and _etag stripped from data
+      db
+        .prepare(`INSERT INTO "test_compat" (id, _etag, data) VALUES (?, ?, ?)`)
+        .run("2", "etag2", JSON.stringify({ name: "Bob", age: 25 }))
+
+      // Both should be queryable by name
+      const q1 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [{ t: "where", path: "name", op: "eq", value: "Alice" }],
+        "test_compat",
+        {}
+      )
+      const r1 = query(db, q1.sql, q1.params)
+      expect(r1.length).toBe(1)
+      expect((r1[0] as any).id).toBe("1")
+
+      const q2 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [{ t: "where", path: "name", op: "eq", value: "Bob" }],
+        "test_compat",
+        {}
+      )
+      const r2 = query(db, q2.sql, q2.params)
+      expect(r2.length).toBe(1)
+      expect((r2[0] as any).id).toBe("2")
+
+      // Both queryable by id column
+      const q3 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [{ t: "where", path: "id", op: "in", value: ["1", "2"] as any }],
+        "test_compat",
+        {}
+      )
+      expect(query(db, q3.sql, q3.params).length).toBe(2)
+    }))
+
+  it("queries work when data does not contain id", () =>
+    withDb((db) => {
+      db.exec(
+        `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "test_noid" (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, _etag TEXT, data JSON NOT NULL)`
+      )
+      const people = [
+        { name: "Alice", age: 30 },
+        { name: "Bob", age: 25 },
+        { name: "Charlie", age: 35 }
+      ]
+      const insert = db.prepare(
+        `INSERT INTO "test_noid" (id, _etag, data) VALUES (?, ?, ?)`
+      )
+      people.forEach((p, i) => insert.run(String(i + 1), `etag_${i + 1}`, JSON.stringify(p)))
+
+      // Filter by field in data
+      const q1 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [{ t: "where", path: "age", op: "gt", value: 28 as any }],
+        "test_noid",
+        {}
+      )
+      expect(query(db, q1.sql, q1.params).length).toBe(2) // Alice(30), Charlie(35)
+
+      // Filter by id column
+      const q2 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [{ t: "where", path: "id", op: "eq", value: "2" }],
+        "test_noid",
+        {}
+      )
+      const r2 = query(db, q2.sql, q2.params)
+      expect(r2.length).toBe(1)
+      expect((r2[0] as any).id).toBe("2")
+      expect((JSON.parse((r2[0] as any).data) as any).name).toBe("Bob")
+
+      // Order + limit still works
+      const q3 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [],
+        "test_noid",
+        {},
+        undefined,
+        [{ key: "age", direction: "ASC" }] as any,
+        undefined,
+        2
+      )
+      const r3 = query(db, q3.sql, q3.params)
+      expect(r3.length).toBe(2)
+      expect((JSON.parse((r3[0] as any).data) as any).name).toBe("Bob") // youngest first
+    }))
+
+  it("query builder generates valid SQL for SQLite", () =>
+    withDb((db) => {
+      db.exec(
+        `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "test_people" (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, _etag TEXT, data JSON NOT NULL)`
+      )
+
+      const people = [
+        { id: "1", name: "Alice", age: 30, tags: ["admin", "user"] },
+        { id: "2", name: "Bob", age: 25, tags: ["user"] },
+        { id: "3", name: "Charlie", age: 35, tags: ["admin"] },
+        { id: "4", name: "Diana", age: 28, tags: ["user", "editor"] }
+      ]
+
+      const insert = db.prepare(
+        `INSERT INTO "test_people" (id, _etag, data) VALUES (?, ?, ?)`
+      )
+      for (const p of people) {
+        const { id, ...data } = p
+        insert.run(id, `etag_${id}`, JSON.stringify(data))
+      }
+
+      // Test eq
+      const q1 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [{ t: "where", path: "name", op: "eq", value: "Alice" }],
+        "test_people",
+        {}
+      )
+      expect(query(db, q1.sql, q1.params).length).toBe(1)
+      expect((JSON.parse((query(db, q1.sql, q1.params)[0] as any).data) as any).name).toBe("Alice")
+
+      // Test gt
+      const q2 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [{ t: "where", path: "age", op: "gt", value: 28 as any }],
+        "test_people",
+        {}
+      )
+      expect(query(db, q2.sql, q2.params).length).toBe(2)
+
+      // Test OR
+      const q3 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [
+          { t: "where", path: "name", op: "eq", value: "Alice" },
+          { t: "or", path: "name", op: "eq", value: "Bob" }
+        ],
+        "test_people",
+        {}
+      )
+      expect(query(db, q3.sql, q3.params).length).toBe(2)
+
+      // Test AND
+      const q4 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [
+          { t: "where", path: "name", op: "eq", value: "Alice" },
+          { t: "and", path: "age", op: "gt", value: 25 as any }
+        ],
+        "test_people",
+        {}
+      )
+      const r4 = query(db, q4.sql, q4.params)
+      expect(r4.length).toBe(1)
+      expect((JSON.parse((r4[0] as any).data) as any).name).toBe("Alice")
+
+      // Test IN
+      const q5 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [{ t: "where", path: "id", op: "in", value: ["1", "3"] as any }],
+        "test_people",
+        {}
+      )
+      expect(query(db, q5.sql, q5.params).length).toBe(2)
+
+      // Test contains (string)
+      const q6 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [{ t: "where", path: "name", op: "contains", value: "li" }],
+        "test_people",
+        {}
+      )
+      expect(query(db, q6.sql, q6.params).length).toBe(2) // Alice, Charlie
+
+      // Test startsWith
+      const q7 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [{ t: "where", path: "name", op: "startsWith", value: "Al" }],
+        "test_people",
+        {}
+      )
+      const r7 = query(db, q7.sql, q7.params)
+      expect(r7.length).toBe(1)
+      expect((JSON.parse((r7[0] as any).data) as any).name).toBe("Alice")
+
+      // Test includes (array)
+      const q8 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [{ t: "where", path: "tags", op: "includes", value: "admin" }],
+        "test_people",
+        {}
+      )
+      expect(query(db, q8.sql, q8.params).length).toBe(2) // Alice, Charlie
+
+      // Test nested scope: where name = Alice OR (age > 30 AND name contains 'ar')
+      const q9 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [
+          { t: "where", path: "name", op: "eq", value: "Alice" },
+          {
+            t: "or-scope",
+            result: [
+              { t: "where", path: "age", op: "gt", value: 30 as any },
+              { t: "and", path: "name", op: "contains", value: "ar" }
+            ],
+            relation: "some"
+          }
+        ],
+        "test_people",
+        {}
+      )
+      expect(query(db, q9.sql, q9.params).length).toBe(2) // Alice + Charlie
+
+      // Test order + limit
+      const q10 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [],
+        "test_people",
+        {},
+        undefined,
+        [{ key: "age", direction: "DESC" }] as any,
+        undefined,
+        2
+      )
+      const r10 = query(db, q10.sql, q10.params)
+      expect(r10.length).toBe(2)
+      expect((JSON.parse((r10[0] as any).data) as any).name).toBe("Charlie") // oldest first
+    }))
+
+  it("computed relation-every / distinct-count / sum / collect run on SQLite", () =>
+    withDb((db) => {
+      db.exec(`CREATE TABLE "test_orders" (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, _etag TEXT, data JSON NOT NULL)`)
+      const orders = [
+        {
+          id: "o1",
+          items: [
+            { rowId: "r1", articleId: "A", weight: 1.5, state: { _tag: "picked" } },
+            { rowId: "r2", articleId: "A", weight: 2.5, state: { _tag: "picked" } },
+            { rowId: "r2", articleId: "B", weight: 0.25, state: { _tag: "picking" } }
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          id: "o2",
+          items: [
+            { rowId: "r9", articleId: "Z", weight: 10, state: { _tag: "packed" } }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+      const insert = db.prepare(`INSERT INTO "test_orders" (id, _etag, data) VALUES (?, ?, ?)`)
+      for (const o of orders) {
+        const { id, ...data } = o
+        insert.run(id, `etag_${id}`, JSON.stringify(data))
+      }
+
+      const q = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [],
+        "test_orders",
+        {},
+        [
+          {
+            key: "allPicked",
+            computed: {
+              _tag: "relation-every",
+              path: "items",
+              filter: [{ t: "where", path: "items.-1.state._tag", op: "eq", value: "picked" }]
+            }
+          },
+          {
+            key: "positionCount",
+            computed: { _tag: "relation-distinct-count", path: "items", field: "rowId", filter: [] }
+          },
+          {
+            key: "totalWeight",
+            computed: { _tag: "relation-sum", path: "items", field: "weight", filter: [] }
+          },
+          {
+            key: "articleIds",
+            computed: {
+              _tag: "relation-collect",
+              path: "items",
+              field: "articleId",
+              distinct: true,
+              filter: []
+            }
+          }
+        ] as any,
+        [{ key: "id", direction: "ASC" }] as any
+      )
+      const rows = query(db, q.sql, q.params) as Array<Record<string, unknown>>
+      expect(rows.length).toBe(2)
+      // o1: not all picked (one is "picking")
+      expect(JSON.parse(rows[0]!["allPicked"] as string)).toBe(false)
+      expect(rows[0]!["positionCount"]).toBe(2)
+      expect(rows[0]!["totalWeight"]).toBeCloseTo(4.25)
+      expect((JSON.parse(rows[0]!["articleIds"] as string) as string[]).sort()).toEqual(["A", "B"])
+      // o2: all packed (so not "picked"), allPicked = !exists(NOT picked) = false
+      expect(JSON.parse(rows[1]!["allPicked"] as string)).toBe(false)
+      expect(rows[1]!["positionCount"]).toBe(1)
+      expect(rows[1]!["totalWeight"]).toBeCloseTo(10)
+      expect(JSON.parse(rows[1]!["articleIds"] as string)).toEqual(["Z"])
+    }))
+
+  it("computed relation-every is true when all items match filter", () =>
+    withDb((db) => {
+      db.exec(`CREATE TABLE "test_every" (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, _etag TEXT, data JSON NOT NULL)`)
+      db.prepare(`INSERT INTO "test_every" (id, _etag, data) VALUES (?, ?, ?)`).run(
+        "1",
+        "e",
+        JSON.stringify({
+          items: [
+            { state: { _tag: "picked" } },
+            { state: { _tag: "picked" } }
+          ]
+        })
+      )
+
+      const q = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [],
+        "test_every",
+        {},
+        [{
+          key: "allPicked",
+          computed: {
+            _tag: "relation-every",
+            path: "items",
+            filter: [{ t: "where", path: "items.-1.state._tag", op: "eq", value: "picked" }]
+          }
+        }]
+      )
+      const rows = query(db, q.sql, q.params) as Array<Record<string, unknown>>
+      expect(JSON.parse(rows[0]!["allPicked"] as string)).toBe(true)
+    }))
+
+  it("namespace param is in correct position for SQLite positional placeholders", () =>
+    withDb((db) => {
+      db.exec(
+        `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "test_ns" (id TEXT NOT NULL, _namespace TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'primary', _etag TEXT, data JSON NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id, _namespace))`
+      )
+      const insert = db.prepare(
+        `INSERT INTO "test_ns" (id, _namespace, _etag, data) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)`
+      )
+      insert.run("1", "primary", "e1", JSON.stringify({ name: "Alice", role: "admin" }))
+      insert.run("2", "primary", "e2", JSON.stringify({ name: "Bob", role: "user" }))
+      insert.run("3", "other", "e3", JSON.stringify({ name: "Charlie", role: "admin" }))
+
+      // Build a filter query: role != 'deleted'
+      const q = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [{ t: "where", path: "role", op: "neq", value: "deleted" }],
+        "test_ns",
+        {}
+      )
+
+      // Simulate what SQL.ts does: prepend _namespace = ? and put ns FIRST in params
+      const hasWhere = q.sql.includes("WHERE")
+      const nsSql = hasWhere
+        ? q.sql.replace("WHERE", `WHERE _namespace = ? AND`)
+        : q.sql.replace(`FROM "test_ns"`, `FROM "test_ns" WHERE _namespace = ?`)
+      const params = ["primary", ...q.params]
+
+      const results = query(db, nsSql, params)
+      // Should only get Alice and Bob (primary namespace), not Charlie (other namespace)
+      expect(results.length).toBe(2)
+      const names = results.map((r) => (JSON.parse((r as any).data) as any).name).sort()
+      expect(names).toEqual(["Alice", "Bob"])
+    }))
+})
+
+// --- boolean WHERE clause tests (regression: where("x", true) must work per dialect) ---
+
+describe("boolean WHERE clauses — query builder", () => {
+  it("sqlite: eq true serializes bool → 1 integer", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "flag", op: "eq", value: true as any }],
+      "t",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("json_extract(data, '$.flag') = ?")
+    expect(result.params).toEqual([1])
+  })
+
+  it("sqlite: eq false serializes bool → 0 integer", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "flag", op: "eq", value: false as any }],
+      "t",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.params).toEqual([0])
+  })
+
+  it("sqlite: neq/in also serialize booleans", () => {
+    const r1 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "flag", op: "neq", value: true as any }],
+      "t",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(r1.params).toEqual([1])
+
+    const r2 = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "flag", op: "in", value: [true, false] as any }],
+      "t",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(r2.params).toEqual([1, 0])
+  })
+
+  it("pg: eq true serializes bool → 'true' text (matches ->> output)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "flag", op: "eq", value: true as any }],
+      "t",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.sql).toContain("data->>'flag' = $1")
+    expect(result.params).toEqual(["true"])
+  })
+
+  it("pg: eq false serializes bool → 'false' text", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "flag", op: "eq", value: false as any }],
+      "t",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.params).toEqual(["false"])
+  })
+
+  it("pg: in with booleans serializes as text list", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "flag", op: "in", value: [true, false] as any }],
+      "t",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.params).toEqual(["true", "false"])
+  })
+
+  it("non-boolean scalars pass through unchanged (sqlite)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      sqliteDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "name", op: "eq", value: "Alice" }],
+      "t",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.params).toEqual(["Alice"])
+  })
+
+  it("non-boolean scalars pass through unchanged (pg)", () => {
+    const result = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+      pgDialect,
+      "id",
+      [{ t: "where", path: "age", op: "gt", value: 18 as any }],
+      "t",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.params).toEqual([18])
+  })
+})
+
+describe("boolean WHERE clauses — SQLite integration (end-to-end)", () => {
+  const withDb = (fn: (db: Sqlite.Database) => void) => {
+    const db = new BetterSqlite(":memory:")
+    try {
+      fn(db)
+    } finally {
+      db.close()
+    }
+  }
+
+  it("where flag = true matches only true rows", () =>
+    withDb((db) => {
+      db.exec(`CREATE TABLE "t" (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, _etag TEXT, data JSON NOT NULL)`)
+      db
+        .prepare(`INSERT INTO "t" (id, _etag, data) VALUES (?, ?, ?)`)
+        .run("1", "e", JSON.stringify({ flag: true, name: "Alice" }))
+      db
+        .prepare(`INSERT INTO "t" (id, _etag, data) VALUES (?, ?, ?)`)
+        .run("2", "e", JSON.stringify({ flag: false, name: "Bob" }))
+
+      const q = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [{ t: "where", path: "flag", op: "eq", value: true as any }],
+        "t",
+        {}
+      )
+      const rows = query(db, q.sql, q.params)
+      expect(rows.length).toBe(1)
+      expect((JSON.parse((rows[0] as any).data) as any).name).toBe("Alice")
+    }))
+
+  it("where flag = false matches only false rows", () =>
+    withDb((db) => {
+      db.exec(`CREATE TABLE "t" (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, _etag TEXT, data JSON NOT NULL)`)
+      db
+        .prepare(`INSERT INTO "t" (id, _etag, data) VALUES (?, ?, ?)`)
+        .run("1", "e", JSON.stringify({ flag: true, name: "Alice" }))
+      db
+        .prepare(`INSERT INTO "t" (id, _etag, data) VALUES (?, ?, ?)`)
+        .run("2", "e", JSON.stringify({ flag: false, name: "Bob" }))
+
+      const q = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [{ t: "where", path: "flag", op: "eq", value: false as any }],
+        "t",
+        {}
+      )
+      const rows = query(db, q.sql, q.params)
+      expect(rows.length).toBe(1)
+      expect((JSON.parse((rows[0] as any).data) as any).name).toBe("Bob")
+    }))
+
+  it("where nested boolean path works", () =>
+    withDb((db) => {
+      db.exec(`CREATE TABLE "t" (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, _etag TEXT, data JSON NOT NULL)`)
+      db
+        .prepare(`INSERT INTO "t" (id, _etag, data) VALUES (?, ?, ?)`)
+        .run("1", "e", JSON.stringify({ meta: { active: true }, name: "Alice" }))
+      db
+        .prepare(`INSERT INTO "t" (id, _etag, data) VALUES (?, ?, ?)`)
+        .run("2", "e", JSON.stringify({ meta: { active: false }, name: "Bob" }))
+
+      const q = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [{ t: "where", path: "meta.active", op: "eq", value: true as any }],
+        "t",
+        {}
+      )
+      const rows = query(db, q.sql, q.params)
+      expect(rows.length).toBe(1)
+      expect((JSON.parse((rows[0] as any).data) as any).name).toBe("Alice")
+    }))
+
+  it("where neq boolean works", () =>
+    withDb((db) => {
+      db.exec(`CREATE TABLE "t" (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, _etag TEXT, data JSON NOT NULL)`)
+      db
+        .prepare(`INSERT INTO "t" (id, _etag, data) VALUES (?, ?, ?)`)
+        .run("1", "e", JSON.stringify({ flag: true, name: "Alice" }))
+      db
+        .prepare(`INSERT INTO "t" (id, _etag, data) VALUES (?, ?, ?)`)
+        .run("2", "e", JSON.stringify({ flag: false, name: "Bob" }))
+
+      const q = buildWhereSQLQuery(
+        sqliteDialect,
+        "id",
+        [{ t: "where", path: "flag", op: "neq", value: true as any }],
+        "t",
+        {}
+      )
+      const rows = query(db, q.sql, q.params)
+      expect(rows.length).toBe(1)
+      expect((JSON.parse((rows[0] as any).data) as any).name).toBe("Bob")
+    }))
+})
+
+// --- jsonExtractJson dialect tests (regression: booleans must survive round-trip) ---
+
+describe("sqliteDialect.jsonExtractJson boolean round-trip", () => {
+  const withDb = (fn: (db: Sqlite.Database) => void) => {
+    const db = new BetterSqlite(":memory:")
+    try {
+      fn(db)
+    } finally {
+      db.close()
+    }
+  }
+
+  it("SQL uses json_type CASE to preserve booleans", () => {
+    const sql = sqliteDialect.jsonExtractJson("flag")
+    expect(sql).toContain("json_type(data, '$.flag')")
+    expect(sql).toContain("'true'")
+    expect(sql).toContain("'false'")
+    expect(sql).toContain("json_quote(json_extract(data, '$.flag'))")
+  })
+
+  it("boolean false round-trips as false (not 0)", () =>
+    withDb((db) => {
+      db.exec(`CREATE TABLE "t" (data JSON NOT NULL)`)
+      db.prepare(`INSERT INTO "t" (data) VALUES (?)`).run(JSON.stringify({ flag: false }))
+
+      const row = db.prepare(`SELECT ${sqliteDialect.jsonExtractJson("flag")} AS v FROM "t"`).get() as any
+      const parsed = JSON.parse(row.v)
+      expect(parsed).toBe(false)
+      expect(typeof parsed).toBe("boolean")
+    }))
+
+  it("boolean true round-trips as true (not 1)", () =>
+    withDb((db) => {
+      db.exec(`CREATE TABLE "t" (data JSON NOT NULL)`)
+      db.prepare(`INSERT INTO "t" (data) VALUES (?)`).run(JSON.stringify({ flag: true }))
+
+      const row = db.prepare(`SELECT ${sqliteDialect.jsonExtractJson("flag")} AS v FROM "t"`).get() as any
+      const parsed = JSON.parse(row.v)
+      expect(parsed).toBe(true)
+      expect(typeof parsed).toBe("boolean")
+    }))
+
+  it("nested boolean round-trips correctly", () =>
+    withDb((db) => {
+      db.exec(`CREATE TABLE "t" (data JSON NOT NULL)`)
+      db.prepare(`INSERT INTO "t" (data) VALUES (?)`).run(
+        JSON.stringify({ nested: { flag: false } })
+      )
+
+      const row = db
+        .prepare(`SELECT ${sqliteDialect.jsonExtractJson("nested.flag")} AS v FROM "t"`)
+        .get() as any
+      const parsed = JSON.parse(row.v)
+      expect(parsed).toBe(false)
+      expect(typeof parsed).toBe("boolean")
+    }))
+
+  it("numbers 0 and 1 still parse as numbers (not booleans)", () =>
+    withDb((db) => {
+      db.exec(`CREATE TABLE "t" (data JSON NOT NULL)`)
+      db.prepare(`INSERT INTO "t" (data) VALUES (?)`).run(JSON.stringify({ zero: 0, one: 1 }))
+
+      const zRow = db.prepare(`SELECT ${sqliteDialect.jsonExtractJson("zero")} AS v FROM "t"`).get() as any
+      const oRow = db.prepare(`SELECT ${sqliteDialect.jsonExtractJson("one")} AS v FROM "t"`).get() as any
+      expect(JSON.parse(zRow.v)).toBe(0)
+      expect(typeof JSON.parse(zRow.v)).toBe("number")
+      expect(JSON.parse(oRow.v)).toBe(1)
+      expect(typeof JSON.parse(oRow.v)).toBe("number")
+    }))
+
+  it("strings, arrays, and null still round-trip correctly", () =>
+    withDb((db) => {
+      db.exec(`CREATE TABLE "t" (data JSON NOT NULL)`)
+      db.prepare(`INSERT INTO "t" (data) VALUES (?)`).run(
+        JSON.stringify({ s: "hello", arr: [1, 2, 3], nil: null })
+      )
+
+      const sRow = db.prepare(`SELECT ${sqliteDialect.jsonExtractJson("s")} AS v FROM "t"`).get() as any
+      const aRow = db.prepare(`SELECT ${sqliteDialect.jsonExtractJson("arr")} AS v FROM "t"`).get() as any
+      const nRow = db.prepare(`SELECT ${sqliteDialect.jsonExtractJson("nil")} AS v FROM "t"`).get() as any
+      expect(JSON.parse(sRow.v)).toBe("hello")
+      expect(JSON.parse(aRow.v)).toEqual([1, 2, 3])
+      expect(JSON.parse(nRow.v)).toBe(null)
+    }))
+})
+
+// --- toRow stripping and parseRow reconstruction tests ---
+
+describe("toRow strips _etag and id from data", () => {
+  // Replicate the toRow logic from SQL.ts to test in isolation
+  const toRow = <IdKey extends PropertyKey>(e: any, idKey: IdKey) => {
+    const newE = makeETag(e)
+    const id = newE[idKey] as string
+    const { _etag, [idKey]: _id, ...rest } = newE as any
+    const data = JSON.stringify(rest)
+    return { id, _etag: newE._etag!, data, item: newE }
+  }
+
+  it("data JSON does not contain _etag", () => {
+    const row = toRow({ id: "1", _etag: undefined, name: "Alice", age: 30 }, "id")
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(row.data) as any
+    expect(parsed).not.toHaveProperty("_etag")
+    expect(parsed.name).toBe("Alice")
+    expect(parsed.age).toBe(30)
+  })
+
+  it("data JSON does not contain id field", () => {
+    const row = toRow({ id: "1", _etag: undefined, name: "Alice" }, "id")
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(row.data) as any
+    expect(parsed).not.toHaveProperty("id")
+    expect(parsed.name).toBe("Alice")
+  })
+
+  it("data JSON does not contain custom idKey field", () => {
+    const row = toRow({ myId: "abc", _etag: undefined, name: "Bob" }, "myId")
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(row.data) as any
+    expect(parsed).not.toHaveProperty("myId")
+    expect(parsed.name).toBe("Bob")
+    expect(row.id).toBe("abc")
+  })
+
+  it("id and _etag are returned as separate fields", () => {
+    const row = toRow({ id: "1", _etag: undefined, name: "Alice" }, "id")
+    expect(row.id).toBe("1")
+    expect(typeof row._etag).toBe("string")
+    expect(row._etag.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+  })
+
+  it("item still contains all fields including _etag and id", () => {
+    const row = toRow({ id: "1", _etag: undefined, name: "Alice" }, "id")
+    expect(row.item.id).toBe("1")
+    expect(row.item._etag).toBe(row._etag)
+    expect(row.item.name).toBe("Alice")
+  })
+
+  it("preserves nested objects in data", () => {
+    const row = toRow({ id: "1", _etag: undefined, address: { city: "NYC", zip: "10001" } }, "id")
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(row.data) as any
+    expect(parsed.address).toEqual({ city: "NYC", zip: "10001" })
+    expect(parsed).not.toHaveProperty("id")
+    expect(parsed).not.toHaveProperty("_etag")
+  })
+})
+
+describe("parseRow reconstructs full object from row", () => {
+  it("re-injects id from row column using idKey", () => {
+    const result: any = parseRow(
+      { id: "42", _etag: "etag1", data: JSON.stringify({ name: "Alice", age: 30 }) },
+      "id",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.id).toBe("42")
+    expect(result.name).toBe("Alice")
+    expect(result.age).toBe(30)
+    expect(result._etag).toBe("etag1")
+  })
+
+  it("re-injects custom idKey from row column", () => {
+    const result: any = parseRow(
+      { id: "abc", _etag: "etag2", data: JSON.stringify({ name: "Bob" }) },
+      "myId",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.myId).toBe("abc")
+    expect(result.name).toBe("Bob")
+    expect(result._etag).toBe("etag2")
+  })
+
+  it("uses _etag from row column, not from data", () => {
+    const result: any = parseRow(
+      { id: "1", _etag: "column_etag", data: JSON.stringify({ _etag: "stale_data_etag", name: "Alice" }) },
+      "id",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result._etag).toBe("column_etag")
+  })
+
+  it("uses id from row column, not from data", () => {
+    const result: any = parseRow(
+      { id: "correct_id", _etag: "e1", data: JSON.stringify({ id: "wrong_id", name: "Alice" }) },
+      "id",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result.id).toBe("correct_id")
+  })
+
+  it("applies defaultValues for missing fields", () => {
+    const result: any = parseRow(
+      { id: "1", _etag: "e1", data: JSON.stringify({ name: "Alice" }) },
+      "id",
+      { status: "active", role: "user" }
+    )
+    expect(result.name).toBe("Alice")
+    expect(result.status).toBe("active")
+    expect(result.role).toBe("user")
+  })
+
+  it("data fields override defaultValues", () => {
+    const result: any = parseRow(
+      { id: "1", _etag: "e1", data: JSON.stringify({ name: "Alice", status: "inactive" }) },
+      "id",
+      { status: "active" }
+    )
+    expect(result.status).toBe("inactive")
+  })
+
+  it("handles null _etag from row", () => {
+    const result: any = parseRow(
+      { id: "1", _etag: null, data: JSON.stringify({ name: "Alice" }) },
+      "id",
+      {}
+    )
+    expect(result._etag).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  it("round-trip: toRow then parseRow reconstructs the original", () => {
+    const original = { id: "1", _etag: undefined as string | undefined, name: "Alice", age: 30, tags: ["admin"] }
+    const newE = makeETag(original)
+    const { _etag, id: _id, ...rest } = newE as any
+    const row = { id: newE.id, _etag: newE._etag!, data: JSON.stringify(rest) }
+
+    const reconstructed: any = parseRow(row, "id", {})
+    expect(reconstructed.id).toBe("1")
+    expect(reconstructed.name).toBe("Alice")
+    expect(reconstructed.age).toBe(30)
+    expect(reconstructed.tags).toEqual(["admin"])
+    expect(reconstructed._etag).toBe(newE._etag)
+  })
+})