@editframe/elements 0.35.0-beta → 0.36.1-beta

package/dist/preview/renderTimegroupPreview.js

@@ -33,8 +33,11 @@ const SYNC_PROPERTIES = [
 	"minHeight",
 	"maxWidth",
 	"maxHeight",
-	"flex",
-	"flexFlow",
+	"flexGrow",
+	"flexShrink",
+	"flexBasis",
+	"flexDirection",
+	"flexWrap",
 	"justifyContent",
 	"alignItems",
 	"alignContent",
@@ -59,14 +62,20 @@ const SYNC_PROPERTIES = [
 	"filter",
 	"backdropFilter",
 	"clipPath",
-	"font",
+	"fontFamily",
+	"fontSize",
+	"fontWeight",
+	"fontStyle",
+	"fontVariant",
 	"textAlign",
 	"textDecoration",
 	"textTransform",
 	"letterSpacing",
+	"wordSpacing",
 	"whiteSpace",
 	"textOverflow",
 	"lineHeight",
+	"verticalAlign",
 	"transform",
 	"transformOrigin",
 	"transformStyle",
@@ -227,6 +236,11 @@ function syncElementStyles(source, clone, contentSource) {
 		cloneStyle.visibility = cs.visibility;
 		cloneStyle.backfaceVisibility = cs.backfaceVisibility;
 		cloneStyle.transformStyle = cs.transformStyle;
+		cloneStyle.background = cs.background;
+		cloneStyle.color = cs.color;
+		cloneStyle.boxShadow = cs.boxShadow;
+		cloneStyle.filter = cs.filter;
+		cloneStyle.backdropFilter = cs.backdropFilter;
 		if (contentCs) {
 			cloneStyle.width = contentCs.width;
 			cloneStyle.height = contentCs.height;
@@ -357,18 +371,6 @@ function buildCloneStructure(source, timeMs) {
 	function cloneElement(srcEl, parentNode) {
 		if (SKIP_TAGS.has(srcEl.tagName)) return null;
 		const bounds = getTemporalBounds(srcEl);
-		if (srcEl instanceof SVGElement) {
-			const node$1 = {
-				source: srcEl,
-				clone: srcEl.cloneNode(true),
-				children: [],
-				isCanvasClone: false,
-				bounds,
-				parent: parentNode
-			};
-			nodeCount++;
-			return node$1;
-		}
 		if (srcEl instanceof HTMLCanvasElement) {
 			const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
 			canvas.width = srcEl.width;
@@ -377,6 +379,34 @@ function buildCloneStructure(source, timeMs) {
 			if (ctx) try {
 				ctx.drawImage(srcEl, 0, 0);
 			} catch {}
+			canvas.style.width = `${srcEl.width}px`;
+			canvas.style.height = `${srcEl.height}px`;
+			try {
+				const cs = getComputedStyle(srcEl);
+				canvas.style.position = cs.position;
+				canvas.style.top = cs.top;
+				canvas.style.right = cs.right;
+				canvas.style.bottom = cs.bottom;
+				canvas.style.left = cs.left;
+				canvas.style.margin = cs.margin;
+				canvas.style.zIndex = cs.zIndex;
+				canvas.style.transform = cs.transform;
+				canvas.style.transformOrigin = cs.transformOrigin;
+				canvas.style.opacity = cs.opacity;
+				canvas.style.visibility = cs.visibility;
+				canvas.style.display = "block";
+			} catch {}
+			canvasSourceMap.set(canvas, srcEl);
+			const node$1 = {
+				source: srcEl,
+				clone: canvas,
+				children: [],
+				isCanvasClone: true,
+				bounds,
+				parent: parentNode
+			};
+			nodeCount++;
+			return node$1;
 		}
 		const isCustom = srcEl.tagName.includes("-");
 		if (isCustom && srcEl.shadowRoot) {
@@ -386,7 +416,11 @@ function buildCloneStructure(source, timeMs) {
 				clone$1.width = shadowCanvas.width || srcEl.clientWidth;
 				clone$1.height = shadowCanvas.height || srcEl.clientHeight;
 				if (srcEl.tagName === "EF-WAVEFORM") clone$1.dataset.preserveAlpha = "true";
-				else if (srcEl.tagName === "EF-IMAGE" && "hasAlpha" in srcEl && srcEl.hasAlpha) clone$1.dataset.preserveAlpha = "true";
+				else if (srcEl.tagName === "EF-IMAGE") {
+					const hasAlpha = "hasAlpha" in srcEl && srcEl.hasAlpha;
+					if (hasAlpha) clone$1.dataset.preserveAlpha = "true";
+					console.log(`[buildCloneStructure] EF-IMAGE canvas: size=${clone$1.width}x${clone$1.height}, hasAlpha=${hasAlpha}, preserveAlpha=${hasAlpha ? "PNG" : "JPEG"}`);
+				}
 				const ctx = clone$1.getContext("2d");
 				if (ctx) try {
 					ctx.drawImage(shadowCanvas, 0, 0);
@@ -411,7 +445,9 @@ function buildCloneStructure(source, timeMs) {
 				const clone$1 = document.createElement("canvas");
 				clone$1.width = shadowImg.naturalWidth;
 				clone$1.height = shadowImg.naturalHeight;
-				if (srcEl.tagName === "EF-IMAGE" && "hasAlpha" in srcEl && srcEl.hasAlpha) clone$1.dataset.preserveAlpha = "true";
+				if (srcEl.tagName === "EF-IMAGE") {
+					if ("hasAlpha" in srcEl && srcEl.hasAlpha) clone$1.dataset.preserveAlpha = "true";
+				}
 				const ctx = clone$1.getContext("2d");
 				if (ctx) try {
 					ctx.drawImage(shadowImg, 0, 0);
@@ -432,7 +468,9 @@ function buildCloneStructure(source, timeMs) {
 				return node$1;
 			}
 		}
-		const clone = document.createElement(isCustom ? "div" : srcEl.tagName.toLowerCase());
+		let clone;
+		if (srcEl instanceof SVGElement) clone = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", srcEl.tagName);
+		else clone = document.createElement(isCustom ? "div" : srcEl.tagName.toLowerCase());
 		const attrs = srcEl.attributes;
 		const attrLen = attrs.length;
 		if (attrLen > 0) for (let i = 0; i < attrLen; i++) {
@@ -615,25 +653,6 @@ function syncNodeWithDelta(node, visibleSet, delta) {
 	for (const child of node.children) syncNodeWithDelta(child, visibleSet, delta);
 }
 /**
-* Sync all CSS properties from source elements to their clones.
-* Uses interval index for O(log n + k) visibility queries instead of O(n) traversal.
-* Uses delta tracking for incremental updates between frames.
-*/
-function syncStyles(state, timeMs) {
-	syncStats = {
-		nodesVisited: 0,
-		nodesCulledByParent: 0,
-		nodesCulledByTemporal: 0,
-		nodesProcessed: 0,
-		nodesFullSync: 0,
-		nodesIncrementalSync: 0,
-		nodesHidden: 0,
-		indexQueryTimeMs: 0,
-		syncTimeMs: 0
-	};
-	syncStylesWithIndex(state, timeMs);
-}
-/**
 * Collect document styles for shadow DOM injection.
 */
 function collectDocumentStyles() {
@@ -661,24 +680,7 @@ function overrideRootCloneStyles(syncState, fullReset = false) {
 		rootClone.style.transform = "none";
 	}
 }
-/**
-* Create a live preview of a timegroup with a refresh function.
-* Used by EFWorkbench for the "computed" preview mode.
-* 
-* @param source - The source timegroup to preview
-* @returns Object with preview container and refresh function
-*/
-function renderTimegroupPreview(source) {
-	const { container, syncState } = buildCloneStructure(source);
-	syncStyles(syncState, 0);
-	return {
-		container,
-		refresh: (timeMs) => {
-			syncStyles(syncState, timeMs ?? 0);
-		}
-	};
-}
 
 //#endregion
-export { buildCloneStructure, collectDocumentStyles, overrideRootCloneStyles, removeHiddenNodesForSerialization, renderTimegroupPreview, restoreHiddenNodes, syncStyles };
+export { buildCloneStructure, collectDocumentStyles, overrideRootCloneStyles, removeHiddenNodesForSerialization, restoreHiddenNodes };
 //# sourceMappingURL=renderTimegroupPreview.js.map

package/dist/preview/renderTimegroupPreview.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"renderTimegroupPreview.js","names":["CSS_SAFE_DEFAULT_VALUES: Record<string, string | string[]>","removed: RemovedNodeInfo[]","cs: CSSStyleDeclaration","contentCs: CSSStyleDeclaration | undefined","srcMap: StylePropertyMapReadOnly","node: CloneNode","node","clone","syncState: SyncState","syncStats: SyncStats","rules: string[]"],"sources":["../../src/preview/renderTimegroupPreview.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Canvas refresh fix:\n * Canvas pixels must be explicitly cleared and redrawn in syncNodeStyles\n * to ensure video frames are captured correctly during foreignObject rendering.\n * Without clearRect, stale frames from previous seeks may be serialized.\n * \n * See FOREIGNOBJECT_BUG_FIX.md for detailed explanation.\n */\n\nimport { logger } from \"./logger.js\";\n\n/**\n * Elements to skip entirely when building the preview.\n */\nconst SKIP_TAGS = new Set([\n  \"EF-AUDIO\",\n  \"EF-THUMBNAIL-STRIP\",\n  \"EF-FILMSTRIP\",\n  \"EF-TIMELINE\",\n  \"EF-WORKBENCH\",\n  \"SCRIPT\",\n  \"STYLE\",\n]);\n\n/**\n * All CSS properties to sync (camelCase for style[] access).\n */\nconst SYNC_PROPERTIES = [\n  \"display\", \"visibility\", \"opacity\",\n  \"position\", \"top\", \"right\", \"bottom\", \"left\", \"zIndex\",\n  \"width\", \"height\", \"minWidth\", \"minHeight\", \"maxWidth\", \"maxHeight\",\n  \"flex\", \"flexFlow\", \"justifyContent\", \"alignItems\", \"alignContent\", \"alignSelf\", \"gap\",\n  \"gridTemplate\", \"gridColumn\", \"gridRow\", \"gridArea\",\n  \"margin\", \"padding\", \"boxSizing\",\n  \"border\", \"borderTop\", \"borderRight\", \"borderBottom\", \"borderLeft\", \"borderRadius\",\n  \"background\", \"color\", \"boxShadow\", \"filter\", \"backdropFilter\", \"clipPath\",\n  \"font\", \"textAlign\", \"textDecoration\", \"textTransform\",\n  \"letterSpacing\", \"whiteSpace\", \"textOverflow\", \"lineHeight\",\n  \"transform\", \"transformOrigin\", \"transformStyle\",\n  \"perspective\", \"perspectiveOrigin\", \"backfaceVisibility\",\n  \"cursor\", \"pointerEvents\", \"userSelect\", \"overflow\",\n] as const;\n\n/**\n * Kebab-case versions for computedStyleMap.get() - pre-computed for speed.\n */\nconst SYNC_PROPERTIES_KEBAB = SYNC_PROPERTIES.map(prop =>\n  prop.replace(/[A-Z]/g, m => `-${m.toLowerCase()}`)\n);\n\n/**\n * Feature detection: computedStyleMap is ~15% faster for style syncing.\n */\nconst HAS_COMPUTED_STYLE_MAP = typeof Element !== \"undefined\" && typeof Element.prototype.computedStyleMap === \"function\";\n\n/**\n * CSS initial/default values for SAFE-TO-SKIP properties.\n * Only includes NON-INHERITED properties where skipping the default\n * won't affect visual output.\n * \n * EXCLUDED (must always serialize):\n * - Inherited properties (color, font, text-*, visibility, cursor)\n * - Display (affects layout significantly)\n * - Properties where \"auto\" computes to a specific value\n * \n * INCLUDED (safe to skip):\n * - Transform/filter effects (none = no effect)\n * - Box shadows (none = no shadow)\n * - Borders when none/0 (no visual impact)\n * - backdrop-filter (none = no effect)\n */\nconst CSS_SAFE_DEFAULT_VALUES: Record<string, string | string[]> = {\n  // Transforms & effects - safe to skip \"none\" (no visual impact)\n  transform: \"none\",\n  filter: \"none\",\n  backdropFilter: \"none\",\n  boxShadow: \"none\",\n  \n  // Borders - safe to skip when none/0\n  border: [\"none\", \"0px none\", \"0px\", \"0px none rgb(0, 0, 0)\"],\n  borderTop: [\"none\", \"0px none\", \"0px\", \"0px none rgb(0, 0, 0)\"],\n  borderRight: [\"none\", \"0px none\", \"0px\", \"0px none rgb(0, 0, 0)\"],\n  borderBottom: [\"none\", \"0px none\", \"0px\", \"0px none rgb(0, 0, 0)\"],\n  borderLeft: [\"none\", \"0px none\", \"0px\", \"0px none rgb(0, 0, 0)\"],\n  borderRadius: [\"0px\", \"0\"],\n  \n  // Positioning - safe to skip \"static\"\n  position: \"static\",\n  \n  // Z-index - \"auto\" is safe when position is static\n  zIndex: \"auto\",\n  \n  // 3D transforms - safe to skip defaults\n  transformStyle: \"flat\",\n  perspective: \"none\",\n  backfaceVisibility: \"visible\",\n};\n\n/**\n * Check if a value matches a safe-to-skip default.\n */\nfunction isDefaultValue(prop: string, value: string): boolean {\n  const defaults = CSS_SAFE_DEFAULT_VALUES[prop];\n  if (!defaults) return false;\n  if (Array.isArray(defaults)) {\n    return defaults.includes(value);\n  }\n  return defaults === value;\n}\n\n// Re-export temporal types from shared module\nexport {\n  type TemporalElement,\n  isTemporal,\n  getTemporalBounds,\n  isVisibleAtTime,\n} from \"./previewTypes.js\";\n\n// Import for internal use\nimport {\n  getTemporalBounds,\n} from \"./previewTypes.js\";\n\n/**\n * Tree node representing a source/clone pair with children.\n * This replaces the flat array approach for cleaner recursive traversal.\n */\nexport interface CloneNode {\n  source: Element;\n  clone: HTMLElement;\n  children: CloneNode[];\n  isCanvasClone: boolean;\n  /** Cached temporal bounds for this node */\n  bounds: { startMs: number; endMs: number };\n  /** Parent node reference for ancestor visibility checks */\n  parent: CloneNode | null;\n}\n\n/** Tree-based sync state */\nexport interface CloneTree {\n  root: CloneNode | null;\n}\n\n/** Sync state with tree structure and delta tracking */\nexport interface SyncState {\n  tree: CloneTree;\n  nodeCount: number;  // Total number of nodes (for debugging/logging)\n  /** Maps clone canvases to their original source elements (ef-video, ef-image, etc.) */\n  canvasSourceMap: WeakMap<HTMLCanvasElement, Element>;\n  /** Previous frame's visible set for delta tracking */\n  previousVisibleSet: Set<CloneNode>;\n  /** Current frame's visible set (updated by syncStyles) */\n  currentVisibleSet: Set<CloneNode>;\n}\n\n/** Info needed to restore a removed node */\ninterface RemovedNodeInfo {\n  node: CloneNode;\n  parent: Node;\n  nextSibling: Node | null;\n}\n\n/**\n * Remove hidden nodes from the clone DOM for serialization.\n * Returns info needed to restore them afterward.\n * \n * This physically removes non-visible nodes so they won't be serialized,\n * avoiding the cost of serializing hidden elements and their resources.\n */\nexport function removeHiddenNodesForSerialization(state: SyncState): RemovedNodeInfo[] {\n  const removed: RemovedNodeInfo[] = [];\n  const visibleSet = state.currentVisibleSet;\n  \n  // Traverse all nodes and remove those not in visible set\n  function visit(node: CloneNode): void {\n    // First recurse to children (before potentially removing this node)\n    for (const child of node.children) {\n      visit(child);\n    }\n    \n    // If this node isn't visible, remove it from DOM\n    if (!visibleSet.has(node)) {\n      const parent = node.clone.parentNode;\n      if (parent) {\n        const nextSibling = node.clone.nextSibling;\n        parent.removeChild(node.clone);\n        removed.push({ node, parent, nextSibling });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  \n  if (state.tree.root) {\n    visit(state.tree.root);\n  }\n  \n  return removed;\n}\n\n/**\n * Restore previously removed hidden nodes to the clone DOM.\n * Must be called after serialization to maintain tree integrity for next frame.\n */\nexport function restoreHiddenNodes(removed: RemovedNodeInfo[]): void {\n  // Restore in reverse order to maintain correct DOM positions\n  for (let i = removed.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    const { node, parent, nextSibling } = removed[i]!;\n    if (nextSibling) {\n      parent.insertBefore(node.clone, nextSibling);\n    } else {\n      parent.appendChild(node.clone);\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Get visible canvases from the current visible set.\n * Use this to skip encoding hidden canvases during serialization.\n */\nexport function getVisibleCanvases(state: SyncState): Set<HTMLCanvasElement> {\n  const visibleCanvases = new Set<HTMLCanvasElement>();\n  for (const node of state.currentVisibleSet) {\n    if (node.clone instanceof HTMLCanvasElement) {\n      visibleCanvases.add(node.clone);\n    }\n  }\n  return visibleCanvases;\n}\n\n/**\n * Traverse all nodes in the clone tree, calling the callback for each.\n */\nexport function traverseCloneTree(state: SyncState, callback: (node: CloneNode) => void): void {\n  function visit(node: CloneNode): void {\n    callback(node);\n    for (const child of node.children) {\n      visit(child);\n    }\n  }\n  if (state.tree.root) {\n    visit(state.tree.root);\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Unified CSS property sync for all elements (canvas clones and regular elements).\n * \n * Canvas clones use a limited property set matching the original implementation\n * to avoid dimension/layout issues. Regular elements use the full SYNC_PROPERTIES array.\n * \n * @param source - Source element to read styles from\n * @param clone - Clone element to write styles to\n * @param contentSource - Optional content element for width/height (canvas clones only)\n */\nfunction syncElementStyles(\n  source: Element,\n  clone: HTMLElement,\n  contentSource?: Element,\n): void {\n  const cloneStyle = clone.style as any;\n  const tagName = (source as HTMLElement).tagName;\n  const isCanvasClone = !!contentSource;\n  \n  // Canvas clones: Use exact property list from original implementation\n  if (isCanvasClone) {\n    let cs: CSSStyleDeclaration;\n    let contentCs: CSSStyleDeclaration | undefined;\n    \n    try {\n      cs = getComputedStyle(source);\n      if (contentSource) {\n        contentCs = getComputedStyle(contentSource);\n      }\n    } catch { return; }\n    \n    // Exact properties from original copyCanvasCloneStyles + syncNodeStyles\n    cloneStyle.position = cs.position;\n    cloneStyle.top = cs.top;\n    cloneStyle.right = cs.right;\n    cloneStyle.bottom = cs.bottom;\n    cloneStyle.left = cs.left;\n    cloneStyle.margin = cs.margin;\n    cloneStyle.zIndex = cs.zIndex;\n    cloneStyle.transform = cs.transform;\n    cloneStyle.transformOrigin = cs.transformOrigin;\n    cloneStyle.opacity = cs.opacity;\n    cloneStyle.visibility = cs.visibility;\n    cloneStyle.backfaceVisibility = cs.backfaceVisibility;\n    cloneStyle.transformStyle = cs.transformStyle;\n    \n    // Width/height from content source (shadow canvas/img)\n    if (contentCs) {\n      cloneStyle.width = contentCs.width;\n      cloneStyle.height = contentCs.height;\n    }\n    \n    cloneStyle.display = \"block\";\n    cloneStyle.animation = \"none\";\n    cloneStyle.transition = \"none\";\n    \n    return;\n  }\n  \n  // Regular elements: full property sync from SYNC_PROPERTIES\n  const propLen = SYNC_PROPERTIES.length;\n  \n  if (HAS_COMPUTED_STYLE_MAP) {\n    let srcMap: StylePropertyMapReadOnly;\n    \n    try {\n      srcMap = source.computedStyleMap();\n    } catch { return; }\n    \n    for (let j = 0; j < propLen; j++) {\n      const kebab = SYNC_PROPERTIES_KEBAB[j]!;\n      const camel = SYNC_PROPERTIES[j]!;\n      \n      const srcVal = srcMap.get(kebab);\n      if (!srcVal) continue;\n      \n      const strVal = srcVal.toString();\n      \n      if (camel === \"display\") {\n        // For caption child elements, preserve display:none when explicitly set\n        // (they use it to hide empty content, not for temporal visibility)\n        const isCaptionChild = tagName && (\n          tagName === 'EF-CAPTIONS-ACTIVE-WORD' ||\n          tagName === 'EF-CAPTIONS-BEFORE-ACTIVE-WORD' ||\n          tagName === 'EF-CAPTIONS-AFTER-ACTIVE-WORD' ||\n          tagName === 'EF-CAPTIONS-SEGMENT'\n        );\n        const targetDisplay = (strVal === \"none\" && !isCaptionChild) ? \"block\" : strVal;\n        cloneStyle.display = targetDisplay;\n        continue;\n      }\n      \n      // Skip clipPath - clones always have clipPath: none for rendering\n      // (source may have clip-path: inset(100%) from proxy mode)\n      if (camel === \"clipPath\") continue;\n      \n      // OPTIMIZATION: Skip default values to reduce serialized HTML size\n      // If the computed value is the CSS default, don't set it as inline style\n      if (isDefaultValue(camel, strVal)) {\n        // Remove from inline style if it was previously set\n        if (cloneStyle[camel]) cloneStyle[camel] = \"\";\n        continue;\n      }\n      \n      cloneStyle[camel] = strVal;\n    }\n  } else {\n    let cs: CSSStyleDeclaration;\n    \n    try {\n      cs = getComputedStyle(source);\n    } catch { return; }\n    \n    const srcStyle = cs as any;\n    \n    for (const prop of SYNC_PROPERTIES) {\n      const srcVal = srcStyle[prop];\n      if (!srcVal) continue;\n      \n      if (prop === \"display\") {\n        // For caption child elements, preserve display:none when explicitly set\n        // (they use it to hide empty content, not for temporal visibility)\n        const isCaptionChild = tagName && (\n          tagName === 'EF-CAPTIONS-ACTIVE-WORD' ||\n          tagName === 'EF-CAPTIONS-BEFORE-ACTIVE-WORD' ||\n          tagName === 'EF-CAPTIONS-AFTER-ACTIVE-WORD' ||\n          tagName === 'EF-CAPTIONS-SEGMENT'\n        );\n        const targetDisplay = (srcVal === \"none\" && !isCaptionChild) ? \"block\" : srcVal;\n        cloneStyle.display = targetDisplay;\n        continue;\n      }\n      \n      // Skip clipPath - clones always have clipPath: none for rendering\n      // (source may have clip-path: inset(100%) from proxy mode)\n      if (prop === \"clipPath\") continue;\n      \n      // OPTIMIZATION: Skip default values to reduce serialized HTML size\n      if (isDefaultValue(prop, srcVal)) {\n        if (cloneStyle[prop]) cloneStyle[prop] = \"\";\n        continue;\n      }\n      \n      cloneStyle[prop] = srcVal;\n    }\n  }\n  \n  // Disable animations/transitions to prevent re-animation\n  cloneStyle.animation = \"none\";\n  cloneStyle.transition = \"none\";\n}\n\n/**\n * Refresh canvas pixel content from shadow DOM source.\n * Handles both shadow canvas and shadow img sources.\n */\nfunction refreshCanvasPixels(node: CloneNode): void {\n  const { source, clone } = node;\n  const canvas = clone as HTMLCanvasElement;\n  const shadowCanvas = source.shadowRoot?.querySelector(\"canvas\");\n  const shadowImg = source.shadowRoot?.querySelector(\"img\");\n  \n  if (shadowCanvas) {\n    // Update buffer dimensions if needed\n    if (canvas.width !== shadowCanvas.width) canvas.width = shadowCanvas.width;\n    if (canvas.height !== shadowCanvas.height) canvas.height = shadowCanvas.height;\n    \n    // Copy pixels with explicit clear\n    const ctx = canvas.getContext(\"2d\");\n    if (ctx && shadowCanvas.width > 0 && shadowCanvas.height > 0) {\n      try {\n        ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);\n        ctx.drawImage(shadowCanvas, 0, 0);\n      } catch (e) {\n        logger.warn(\"[refreshCanvasPixels] Canvas draw failed:\", e);\n      }\n    }\n  } else if (shadowImg?.complete && shadowImg.naturalWidth > 0) {\n    // Update buffer dimensions if needed\n    if (canvas.width !== shadowImg.naturalWidth) canvas.width = shadowImg.naturalWidth;\n    if (canvas.height !== shadowImg.naturalHeight) canvas.height = shadowImg.naturalHeight;\n    \n    // Copy pixels with explicit clear\n    const ctx = canvas.getContext(\"2d\");\n    if (ctx) {\n      ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);\n      try { ctx.drawImage(shadowImg, 0, 0); } catch {}\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Sync text content from light DOM to clone.\n */\nfunction syncTextContent(source: Element, clone: HTMLElement): void {\n  const srcTextNode = source.childNodes[0];\n  if (srcTextNode?.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {\n    const srcText = srcTextNode.textContent || \"\";\n    const cloneTextNode = clone.childNodes[0];\n    \n    if (cloneTextNode?.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {\n      // Update existing text node\n      if (cloneTextNode.textContent !== srcText) cloneTextNode.textContent = srcText;\n    } else if (!clone.childNodes.length) {\n      // Only create text node if clone has NO children (was empty when initially cloned)\n      // Don't set textContent as it would delete element children!\n      clone.appendChild(document.createTextNode(srcText));\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Sync input element value.\n */\nfunction syncInputValue(source: Element, clone: HTMLElement): void {\n  if (source instanceof HTMLInputElement) {\n    const srcVal = source.value;\n    const cloneInput = clone as HTMLInputElement;\n    if (cloneInput.value !== srcVal) {\n      cloneInput.value = srcVal;\n      cloneInput.setAttribute(\"value\", srcVal);\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Build clone tree structure with minimal overhead.\n * Caches temporal bounds on each node for visibility checks.\n * Optionally syncs styles in the same pass if timeMs is provided.\n */\nexport function buildCloneStructure(source: Element, timeMs?: number): {\n  container: HTMLDivElement;\n  syncState: SyncState;\n} {\n  const container = document.createElement(\"div\");\n  container.style.cssText = \"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%\";\n  \n  let nodeCount = 0;\n  const canvasSourceMap = new WeakMap<HTMLCanvasElement, Element>();\n  \n  function cloneElement(srcEl: Element, parentNode: CloneNode | null): CloneNode | null {\n    if (SKIP_TAGS.has(srcEl.tagName)) return null;\n    \n    // Get temporal bounds upfront for indexing\n    const bounds = getTemporalBounds(srcEl);\n    \n    // SVG - clone entire subtree (no children tracking needed)\n    if (srcEl instanceof SVGElement) {\n      const svgClone = srcEl.cloneNode(true) as SVGElement;\n      const node: CloneNode = {\n        source: srcEl,\n        clone: svgClone as unknown as HTMLElement,\n        children: [],\n        isCanvasClone: false,\n        bounds,\n        parent: parentNode,\n      };\n      nodeCount++;\n      return node;\n    }\n    \n    // Canvas - copy pixels\n    if (srcEl instanceof HTMLCanvasElement) {\n      const canvas = document.createElement(\"canvas\");\n      canvas.width = srcEl.width;\n      canvas.height = srcEl.height;\n      const ctx = canvas.getContext(\"2d\");\n      if (ctx) {\n        try { ctx.drawImage(srcEl, 0, 0); } catch {}\n      }\n      // Raw canvas elements don't need style syncing, just return clone\n      // return null;\n    }\n    \n    // Custom elements with shadow canvas (e.g., ef-video, ef-image)\n    const isCustom = srcEl.tagName.includes(\"-\");\n    if (isCustom && srcEl.shadowRoot) {\n      const shadowCanvas = srcEl.shadowRoot.querySelector(\"canvas\");\n      if (shadowCanvas) {\n        const clone = document.createElement(\"canvas\");\n        clone.width = shadowCanvas.width || srcEl.clientWidth;\n        clone.height = shadowCanvas.height || srcEl.clientHeight;\n        // Check if the element actually has alpha channel before preserving it\n        // ef-image tracks hasAlpha based on MIME type (JPEG=false, PNG/WebP=true)\n        // ef-waveform always needs alpha for proper rendering\n        if (srcEl.tagName === \"EF-WAVEFORM\") {\n          clone.dataset.preserveAlpha = \"true\";\n        } else if (srcEl.tagName === \"EF-IMAGE\" && \"hasAlpha\" in srcEl && (srcEl as any).hasAlpha) {\n          clone.dataset.preserveAlpha = \"true\";\n        }\n        \n        const ctx = clone.getContext(\"2d\");\n        if (ctx) {\n          try { ctx.drawImage(shadowCanvas, 0, 0); } catch {}\n        }\n        \n        // Copy initial CSS styles using unified sync\n        // Pass shadowCanvas as contentSource for width/height\n        try {\n          syncElementStyles(srcEl, clone, shadowCanvas);\n        } catch {}\n        \n        // Map clone canvas to source element for RenderContext caching\n        canvasSourceMap.set(clone, srcEl);\n        \n        const node: CloneNode = {\n          source: srcEl,\n          clone,\n          children: [],\n          isCanvasClone: true,\n          bounds,\n          parent: parentNode,\n        };\n        nodeCount++;\n        return node;\n      }\n      \n      const shadowImg = srcEl.shadowRoot.querySelector(\"img\");\n      if (shadowImg?.complete && shadowImg.naturalWidth > 0) {\n        const clone = document.createElement(\"canvas\");\n        clone.width = shadowImg.naturalWidth;\n        clone.height = shadowImg.naturalHeight;\n        // Check if the element actually has alpha channel before preserving it\n        // For direct img elements, check the element's hasAlpha property\n        if (srcEl.tagName === \"EF-IMAGE\" && \"hasAlpha\" in srcEl && (srcEl as any).hasAlpha) {\n          clone.dataset.preserveAlpha = \"true\";\n        }\n        const ctx = clone.getContext(\"2d\");\n        if (ctx) {\n          try { ctx.drawImage(shadowImg, 0, 0); } catch {}\n        }\n        \n        // Copy initial CSS styles using unified sync\n        // Pass shadowImg as contentSource for width/height\n        try {\n          syncElementStyles(srcEl, clone, shadowImg);\n        } catch {}\n        \n        // Map clone canvas to source element for RenderContext caching\n        canvasSourceMap.set(clone, srcEl);\n        \n        const node: CloneNode = {\n          source: srcEl,\n          clone,\n          children: [],\n          isCanvasClone: true,\n          bounds,\n          parent: parentNode,\n        };\n        nodeCount++;\n        return node;\n      }\n    }\n    \n    // Standard element clone\n    const clone = document.createElement(isCustom ? \"div\" : srcEl.tagName.toLowerCase()) as HTMLElement;\n    \n    // Copy attributes - OPTIMIZATION: Early exit if no attributes\n    const attrs = srcEl.attributes;\n    const attrLen = attrs.length;\n    if (attrLen > 0) {\n      for (let i = 0; i < attrLen; i++) {\n        const attr = attrs[i]!;\n        const name = attr.name.toLowerCase();\n        if (name === \"id\" || name.startsWith(\"on\")) continue;\n        if (isCustom && name !== \"class\" && !name.startsWith(\"data-\")) continue;\n        try { clone.setAttribute(attr.name, attr.value); } catch {}\n      }\n    }\n    \n    if (srcEl instanceof HTMLImageElement && srcEl.src) {\n      (clone as HTMLImageElement).src = srcEl.src;\n    }\n    if (srcEl instanceof HTMLInputElement) {\n      (clone as HTMLInputElement).value = srcEl.value;\n    }\n    \n    const node: CloneNode = {\n      source: srcEl,\n      clone,\n      children: [],\n      isCanvasClone: false,\n      bounds,\n      parent: parentNode,\n    };\n    nodeCount++;\n    \n    // Shadow DOM children - OPTIMIZATION: Early exit if no childNodes\n    if (srcEl.shadowRoot) {\n      const shadowChildren = srcEl.shadowRoot.childNodes;\n      const shadowLen = shadowChildren.length;\n      if (shadowLen > 0) {\n        // For text segments, ALWAYS create a text node placeholder even if empty.\n        // Caption elements now use light DOM, so they don't need special handling here.\n        const isTextSegment = srcEl.tagName === 'EF-TEXT-SEGMENT';\n        let hasTextNode = false;\n        \n        for (let i = 0; i < shadowLen; i++) {\n          const child = shadowChildren[i]!;\n          if (child.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {\n            const text = child.textContent?.trim();\n            // Always include text for text segments (even if whitespace-only, e.g., \" \")\n            if (text || isTextSegment) {\n              clone.appendChild(document.createTextNode(child.textContent || \"\"));\n              hasTextNode = true;\n            }\n          } else if (child.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {\n            const el = child as Element;\n            if (el.tagName === \"STYLE\" || el.tagName === \"SLOT\") continue;\n            const childNode = cloneElement(el, node);\n            if (childNode) {\n              node.children.push(childNode);\n              clone.appendChild(childNode.clone);\n            }\n          }\n        }\n        \n        // For text segments, ensure there's always a text node for syncStyles to update\n        if (isTextSegment && !hasTextNode) {\n          clone.appendChild(document.createTextNode(\"\"));\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    \n    // Light DOM children - OPTIMIZATION: Use indexed loop for performance\n    const lightChildren = srcEl.childNodes;\n    const lightLen = lightChildren.length;\n    for (let i = 0; i < lightLen; i++) {\n      const child = lightChildren[i]!;\n      if (child.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {\n        const text = child.textContent?.trim();\n        if (text) clone.appendChild(document.createTextNode(text));\n      } else if (child.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {\n        const childNode = cloneElement(child as Element, node);\n        if (childNode) {\n          node.children.push(childNode);\n          clone.appendChild(childNode.clone);\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    \n    return node;\n  }\n  \n  const root = cloneElement(source, null);\n  if (root) container.appendChild(root.clone);\n  \n  const syncState: SyncState = {\n    tree: { root },\n    nodeCount,\n    canvasSourceMap,\n    previousVisibleSet: new Set(),\n    currentVisibleSet: new Set(),\n  };\n  \n  // Sync styles in the same pass if timeMs is provided\n  if (timeMs !== undefined && root) {\n    syncStylesWithIndex(syncState, timeMs);\n  }\n  \n  return {\n    container,\n    syncState,\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Sync a single node's styles (extracted for reuse).\n * Now uses unified style syncing with clear separation of concerns:\n * 1. Canvas pixel refresh (if canvas clone)\n * 2. Unified CSS property sync (all elements)\n * 3. Content sync (text, input values)\n */\nfunction syncNodeStyles(node: CloneNode): void {\n  const { source, clone, isCanvasClone } = node;\n  \n  // 1. Canvas-specific: Refresh pixel content from shadow DOM\n  if (isCanvasClone) {\n    refreshCanvasPixels(node);\n  }\n  \n  // 2. Unified: Sync ALL CSS properties using SYNC_PROPERTIES array\n  // For canvas clones, pass content source (shadow canvas/img) for width/height\n  const contentSource = isCanvasClone\n    ? (source.shadowRoot?.querySelector(\"canvas\") || source.shadowRoot?.querySelector(\"img\") || undefined)\n    : undefined;\n  syncElementStyles(source, clone, contentSource);\n  \n  // 3. Element-specific: Sync text content and input values\n  syncTextContent(source, clone);\n  syncInputValue(source, clone);\n}\n\n// Performance instrumentation counters\ninterface SyncStats {\n  nodesVisited: number;\n  nodesCulledByParent: number;\n  nodesCulledByTemporal: number;\n  nodesProcessed: number;\n  nodesFullSync: number;      // Newly visible nodes (full sync)\n  nodesIncrementalSync: number; // Still visible nodes (incremental sync)\n  nodesHidden: number;        // Newly hidden nodes\n  indexQueryTimeMs: number;\n  syncTimeMs: number;\n}\n\nlet syncStats: SyncStats = {\n  nodesVisited: 0,\n  nodesCulledByParent: 0,\n  nodesCulledByTemporal: 0,\n  nodesProcessed: 0,\n  nodesFullSync: 0,\n  nodesIncrementalSync: 0,\n  nodesHidden: 0,\n  indexQueryTimeMs: 0,\n  syncTimeMs: 0,\n};\n\n/**\n * Visibility delta between frames.\n * Used for incremental updates - only sync what changed.\n */\ninterface VisibilityDelta {\n  nowVisible: Set<CloneNode>;    // Need full style sync + show\n  stillVisible: Set<CloneNode>;  // Only sync animated properties (or skip if same time)\n  nowHidden: Set<CloneNode>;     // Just set display:none\n}\n\n/**\n * Compute visibility delta between previous and current frame.\n */\nfunction computeVisibilityDelta(\n  previousSet: Set<CloneNode>,\n  currentSet: Set<CloneNode>,\n): VisibilityDelta {\n  const nowVisible = new Set<CloneNode>();\n  const stillVisible = new Set<CloneNode>();\n  const nowHidden = new Set<CloneNode>();\n  \n  // Find nodes that became visible or stayed visible\n  for (const node of currentSet) {\n    if (previousSet.has(node)) {\n      stillVisible.add(node);\n    } else {\n      nowVisible.add(node);\n    }\n  }\n  \n  // Find nodes that became hidden\n  for (const node of previousSet) {\n    if (!currentSet.has(node)) {\n      nowHidden.add(node);\n    }\n  }\n  \n  return { nowVisible, stillVisible, nowHidden };\n}\n\n/**\n * Build visible set by recursive traversal with bounds checking.\n * Queries fresh bounds from source elements each time - bounds are computed\n * dynamically by timegroups based on composition mode.\n */\nfunction buildVisibleSetRecursive(\n  node: CloneNode,\n  timeMs: number,\n  visibleSet: Set<CloneNode>,\n): void {\n  const { children, source } = node;\n  \n  // Get fresh bounds from source element (not cached - timegroup bounds are dynamic)\n  const bounds = getTemporalBounds(source);\n  \n  // Check if this node is visible at current time\n  const isVisible = timeMs >= bounds.startMs && timeMs <= bounds.endMs;\n  \n  if (isVisible) {\n    visibleSet.add(node);\n    // Recurse to children\n    for (const child of children) {\n      buildVisibleSetRecursive(child, timeMs, visibleSet);\n    }\n  }\n  // If not visible, skip entire subtree\n}\n\n/**\n * Sync styles with recursive visibility check and delta tracking.\n * \n * DELTA TRACKING: Tracks visibility changes between frames to minimize work:\n * - nowVisible nodes: Full style sync + show\n * - stillVisible nodes: Incremental sync (source DOM may have changed)\n * - nowHidden nodes: Just hide (display:none)\n */\nfunction syncStylesWithIndex(state: SyncState, timeMs: number): void {\n  const queryStart = performance.now();\n  \n  // Build the set of visible nodes by recursive traversal\n  const visibleSet = new Set<CloneNode>();\n  if (state.tree.root) {\n    buildVisibleSetRecursive(state.tree.root, timeMs, visibleSet);\n  }\n  \n  // Compute delta from previous frame\n  const delta = computeVisibilityDelta(state.previousVisibleSet, visibleSet);\n  \n  syncStats.indexQueryTimeMs = performance.now() - queryStart;\n  \n  // Now traverse the tree but use the delta for O(1) sync decisions\n  const syncStart = performance.now();\n  if (state.tree.root) {\n    syncNodeWithDelta(state.tree.root, visibleSet, delta);\n  }\n  syncStats.syncTimeMs = performance.now() - syncStart;\n  \n  // Update state for next frame and expose current visible set\n  state.previousVisibleSet = visibleSet;\n  state.currentVisibleSet = visibleSet;\n}\n\n/**\n * Sync a node using visibility delta for incremental updates.\n * \n * DELTA TRACKING optimization:\n * - nowVisible: Full style sync (element just appeared)\n * - stillVisible: Incremental sync (source DOM may have changed)\n * - nowHidden: Just hide the element\n * - Not in any set: Skip entirely (was already hidden)\n */\nfunction syncNodeWithDelta(\n  node: CloneNode,\n  visibleSet: Set<CloneNode>,\n  delta: VisibilityDelta,\n): void {\n  syncStats.nodesVisited++;\n  \n  const isVisible = visibleSet.has(node);\n  \n  if (!isVisible) {\n    // Node is not visible - ALWAYS set display:none\n    // This handles both \"just became hidden\" and \"initial build with node outside time range\"\n    node.clone.style.display = \"none\";\n    if (delta.nowHidden.has(node)) {\n      syncStats.nodesHidden++;\n    }\n    // Already hidden nodes: skip (don't even recurse to children)\n    syncStats.nodesCulledByTemporal++;\n    return;\n  }\n  \n  // Node is visible - determine sync strategy\n  if (delta.nowVisible.has(node)) {\n    // Just became visible - need full style sync\n    syncNodeStyles(node);\n    syncStats.nodesFullSync++;\n  } else if (delta.stillVisible.has(node)) {\n    // Was visible, still visible - still need to sync\n    // Source DOM properties can change independently of time (input values, text, etc.)\n    // TODO: Phase 5 could track property changes for smarter incremental sync\n    syncNodeStyles(node);\n    syncStats.nodesIncrementalSync++;\n  }\n  \n  syncStats.nodesProcessed++;\n  \n  // Recurse to children\n  for (const child of node.children) {\n    syncNodeWithDelta(child, visibleSet, delta);\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Legacy recursive sync (kept for comparison/fallback).\n * Returns early if the node is temporally culled, skipping ALL descendants.\n * @deprecated Use syncStylesWithIndex for better performance\n */\nexport function syncNodeRecursiveLegacy(node: CloneNode, timeMs: number): void {\n  const { clone, children, bounds } = node;\n  syncStats.nodesVisited++;\n  \n  // Temporal culling - check if this node is visible at current time\n  // NOTE: Canvas clones now participate in temporal culling (lazy canvas copying).\n  // Invalid bounds [0,0] are treated as [-Infinity, Infinity] by getTemporalBounds.\n  {\n    // OPTIMIZATION: Check if parent is already hidden to skip bounds computation\n    const parent = clone.parentElement;\n    if (parent instanceof HTMLElement) {\n      // If parent has display:none, this element is already hidden - skip bounds check\n      if (parent.style.display === \"none\") {\n        clone.style.display = \"none\";\n        syncStats.nodesCulledByParent++;\n        return;\n      }\n    }\n    \n    // Use cached bounds from node instead of calling getTemporalBounds\n    const { startMs, endMs } = bounds;\n    if (timeMs < startMs || timeMs > endMs) {\n      // Hide this element and BAIL OUT - skip all descendants automatically!\n      clone.style.display = \"none\";\n      syncStats.nodesCulledByTemporal++;\n      return;\n    }\n  }\n  \n  // Sync this node's styles\n  syncNodeStyles(node);\n  syncStats.nodesProcessed++;\n  \n  // Recursively sync children\n  for (const child of children) {\n    syncNodeRecursiveLegacy(child, timeMs);\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Sync all CSS properties from source elements to their clones.\n * Uses interval index for O(log n + k) visibility queries instead of O(n) traversal.\n * Uses delta tracking for incremental updates between frames.\n */\nexport function syncStyles(state: SyncState, timeMs: number): void {\n  // Reset stats\n  syncStats = {\n    nodesVisited: 0,\n    nodesCulledByParent: 0,\n    nodesCulledByTemporal: 0,\n    nodesProcessed: 0,\n    nodesFullSync: 0,\n    nodesIncrementalSync: 0,\n    nodesHidden: 0,\n    indexQueryTimeMs: 0,\n    syncTimeMs: 0,\n  };\n  \n  // Use interval-index-based sync with delta tracking\n  syncStylesWithIndex(state, timeMs);\n}\n\n/**\n * Collect document styles for shadow DOM injection.\n */\nexport function collectDocumentStyles(): string {\n  const rules: string[] = [];\n  try {\n    for (const sheet of document.styleSheets) {\n      try {\n        if (sheet.cssRules) {\n          for (const rule of sheet.cssRules) {\n            rules.push(rule.cssText);\n          }\n        }\n      } catch {}\n    }\n  } catch {}\n  return rules.join(\"\\n\");\n}\n\n\n// Backward-compatible aliases\nexport const syncStaticStyles = syncStyles;\nexport const syncAnimatedStyles = syncStyles;\n\n/**\n * Override clip-path, opacity, and optionally transform on the root clone element.\n * The source may have these properties set for proxy mode or workbench scaling.\n * \n * @param syncState - The sync state containing the clone tree\n * @param fullReset - If true, also resets opacity and transform (for capture operations)\n */\nexport function overrideRootCloneStyles(syncState: SyncState, fullReset: boolean = false): void {\n  const rootClone = syncState.tree.root?.clone;\n  if (!rootClone) return;\n  \n  rootClone.style.clipPath = \"none\";\n  if (fullReset) {\n    rootClone.style.opacity = \"1\";\n    rootClone.style.transform = \"none\";\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Create a live preview of a timegroup with a refresh function.\n * Used by EFWorkbench for the \"computed\" preview mode.\n * \n * @param source - The source timegroup to preview\n * @returns Object with preview container and refresh function\n */\nexport function renderTimegroupPreview(source: Element): {\n  container: HTMLDivElement;\n  refresh: (timeMs?: number) => void;\n} {\n  const { container, syncState } = buildCloneStructure(source);\n  \n  // Initial style sync\n  syncStyles(syncState, 0);\n  \n  return {\n    container,\n    refresh: (timeMs?: number) => {\n      syncStyles(syncState, timeMs ?? 0);\n    },\n  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pre-computed for speed.\n */\nconst SYNC_PROPERTIES_KEBAB = SYNC_PROPERTIES.map(prop =>\n  prop.replace(/[A-Z]/g, m => `-${m.toLowerCase()}`)\n);\n\n/**\n * Feature detection: computedStyleMap is ~15% faster for style syncing.\n */\nconst HAS_COMPUTED_STYLE_MAP = typeof Element !== \"undefined\" && typeof Element.prototype.computedStyleMap === \"function\";\n\n/**\n * CSS initial/default values for SAFE-TO-SKIP properties.\n * Only includes NON-INHERITED properties where skipping the default\n * won't affect visual output.\n * \n * EXCLUDED (must always serialize):\n * - Inherited properties (color, font, text-*, visibility, cursor)\n * - Display (affects layout significantly)\n * - Properties where \"auto\" computes to a specific value\n * \n * INCLUDED (safe to skip):\n * - Transform/filter effects (none = no effect)\n * - Box shadows (none = no shadow)\n * - Borders when none/0 (no visual impact)\n * - backdrop-filter (none = no effect)\n */\nconst CSS_SAFE_DEFAULT_VALUES: Record<string, string | string[]> = {\n  // Transforms & effects - safe to skip \"none\" (no visual impact)\n  transform: \"none\",\n  filter: \"none\",\n  backdropFilter: \"none\",\n  boxShadow: \"none\",\n  \n  // Borders - safe to skip when none/0\n  border: [\"none\", \"0px none\", \"0px\", \"0px none rgb(0, 0, 0)\"],\n  borderTop: [\"none\", \"0px none\", \"0px\", \"0px none rgb(0, 0, 0)\"],\n  borderRight: [\"none\", \"0px none\", \"0px\", \"0px none rgb(0, 0, 0)\"],\n  borderBottom: [\"none\", \"0px none\", \"0px\", \"0px none rgb(0, 0, 0)\"],\n  borderLeft: [\"none\", \"0px none\", \"0px\", \"0px none rgb(0, 0, 0)\"],\n  borderRadius: [\"0px\", \"0\"],\n  \n  // Positioning - safe to skip \"static\"\n  position: \"static\",\n  \n  // Z-index - \"auto\" is safe when position is static\n  zIndex: \"auto\",\n  \n  // 3D transforms - safe to skip defaults\n  transformStyle: \"flat\",\n  perspective: \"none\",\n  backfaceVisibility: \"visible\",\n};\n\n/**\n * Check if a value matches a safe-to-skip default.\n */\nfunction isDefaultValue(prop: string, value: string): boolean {\n  const defaults = CSS_SAFE_DEFAULT_VALUES[prop];\n  if (!defaults) return false;\n  if (Array.isArray(defaults)) {\n    return defaults.includes(value);\n  }\n  return defaults === value;\n}\n\n// Re-export temporal types from shared module\nexport {\n  type TemporalElement,\n  isTemporal,\n  getTemporalBounds,\n  isVisibleAtTime,\n} from \"./previewTypes.js\";\n\n// Import for internal use\nimport {\n  getTemporalBounds,\n} from \"./previewTypes.js\";\n\n/**\n * Tree node representing a source/clone pair with children.\n * This replaces the flat array approach for cleaner recursive traversal.\n */\nexport interface CloneNode {\n  source: Element;\n  clone: HTMLElement;\n  children: CloneNode[];\n  isCanvasClone: boolean;\n  /** Cached temporal bounds for this node */\n  bounds: { startMs: number; endMs: number };\n  /** Parent node reference for ancestor visibility checks */\n  parent: CloneNode | null;\n}\n\n/** Tree-based sync state */\nexport interface CloneTree {\n  root: CloneNode | null;\n}\n\n/** Sync state with tree structure and delta tracking */\nexport interface SyncState {\n  tree: CloneTree;\n  nodeCount: number;  // Total number of nodes (for debugging/logging)\n  /** Maps clone canvases to their original source elements (ef-video, ef-image, etc.) */\n  canvasSourceMap: WeakMap<HTMLCanvasElement, Element>;\n  /** Previous frame's visible set for delta tracking */\n  previousVisibleSet: Set<CloneNode>;\n  /** Current frame's visible set (updated by syncStyles) */\n  currentVisibleSet: Set<CloneNode>;\n}\n\n/** Info needed to restore a removed node */\ninterface RemovedNodeInfo {\n  node: CloneNode;\n  parent: Node;\n  nextSibling: Node | null;\n}\n\n/**\n * Remove hidden nodes from the clone DOM for serialization.\n * Returns info needed to restore them afterward.\n * \n * This physically removes non-visible nodes so they won't be serialized,\n * avoiding the cost of serializing hidden elements and their resources.\n */\nexport function removeHiddenNodesForSerialization(state: SyncState): RemovedNodeInfo[] {\n  const removed: RemovedNodeInfo[] = [];\n  const visibleSet = state.currentVisibleSet;\n  \n  // Traverse all nodes and remove those not in visible set\n  function visit(node: CloneNode): void {\n    // First recurse to children (before potentially removing this node)\n    for (const child of node.children) {\n      visit(child);\n    }\n    \n    // If this node isn't visible, remove it from DOM\n    if (!visibleSet.has(node)) {\n      const parent = node.clone.parentNode;\n      if (parent) {\n        const nextSibling = node.clone.nextSibling;\n        parent.removeChild(node.clone);\n        removed.push({ node, parent, nextSibling });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  \n  if (state.tree.root) {\n    visit(state.tree.root);\n  }\n  \n  return removed;\n}\n\n/**\n * Restore previously removed hidden nodes to the clone DOM.\n * Must be called after serialization to maintain tree integrity for next frame.\n */\nexport function restoreHiddenNodes(removed: RemovedNodeInfo[]): void {\n  // Restore in reverse order to maintain correct DOM positions\n  for (let i = removed.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    const { node, parent, nextSibling } = removed[i]!;\n    if (nextSibling) {\n      parent.insertBefore(node.clone, nextSibling);\n    } else {\n      parent.appendChild(node.clone);\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Get visible canvases from the current visible set.\n * Use this to skip encoding hidden canvases during serialization.\n */\nexport function getVisibleCanvases(state: SyncState): Set<HTMLCanvasElement> {\n  const visibleCanvases = new Set<HTMLCanvasElement>();\n  for (const node of state.currentVisibleSet) {\n    if (node.clone instanceof HTMLCanvasElement) {\n      visibleCanvases.add(node.clone);\n    }\n  }\n  return visibleCanvases;\n}\n\n/**\n * Traverse all nodes in the clone tree, calling the callback for each.\n */\nexport function traverseCloneTree(state: SyncState, callback: (node: CloneNode) => void): void {\n  function visit(node: CloneNode): void {\n    callback(node);\n    for (const child of node.children) {\n      visit(child);\n    }\n  }\n  if (state.tree.root) {\n    visit(state.tree.root);\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Unified CSS property sync for all elements (canvas clones and regular elements).\n * \n * Canvas clones use a limited property set matching the original implementation\n * to avoid dimension/layout issues. Regular elements use the full SYNC_PROPERTIES array.\n * \n * @param source - Source element to read styles from\n * @param clone - Clone element to write styles to\n * @param contentSource - Optional content element for width/height (canvas clones only)\n */\nfunction syncElementStyles(\n  source: Element,\n  clone: HTMLElement,\n  contentSource?: Element,\n): void {\n  const cloneStyle = clone.style as any;\n  const tagName = (source as HTMLElement).tagName;\n  const isCanvasClone = !!contentSource;\n  \n  // Canvas clones: Use exact property list from original implementation\n  if (isCanvasClone) {\n    let cs: CSSStyleDeclaration;\n    let contentCs: CSSStyleDeclaration | undefined;\n    \n    try {\n      cs = getComputedStyle(source);\n      if (contentSource) {\n        contentCs = getComputedStyle(contentSource);\n      }\n    } catch { return; }\n    \n    // Exact properties from original copyCanvasCloneStyles + syncNodeStyles\n    cloneStyle.position = cs.position;\n    cloneStyle.top = cs.top;\n    cloneStyle.right = cs.right;\n    cloneStyle.bottom = cs.bottom;\n    cloneStyle.left = cs.left;\n    cloneStyle.margin = cs.margin;\n    cloneStyle.zIndex = cs.zIndex;\n    cloneStyle.transform = cs.transform;\n    cloneStyle.transformOrigin = cs.transformOrigin;\n    cloneStyle.opacity = cs.opacity;\n    cloneStyle.visibility = cs.visibility;\n    cloneStyle.backfaceVisibility = cs.backfaceVisibility;\n    cloneStyle.transformStyle = cs.transformStyle;\n    \n    // Visual properties (safe for canvas clones - don't affect dimensions)\n    cloneStyle.background = cs.background;\n    cloneStyle.color = cs.color;\n    cloneStyle.boxShadow = cs.boxShadow;\n    cloneStyle.filter = cs.filter;\n    cloneStyle.backdropFilter = cs.backdropFilter;\n    \n    // Width/height from content source (shadow canvas/img)\n    if (contentCs) {\n      cloneStyle.width = contentCs.width;\n      cloneStyle.height = contentCs.height;\n    }\n    \n    cloneStyle.display = \"block\";\n    cloneStyle.animation = \"none\";\n    cloneStyle.transition = \"none\";\n    \n    return;\n  }\n  \n  // Regular elements: full property sync from SYNC_PROPERTIES\n  const propLen = SYNC_PROPERTIES.length;\n  \n  if (HAS_COMPUTED_STYLE_MAP) {\n    let srcMap: StylePropertyMapReadOnly;\n    \n    try {\n      srcMap = source.computedStyleMap();\n    } catch { return; }\n    \n    for (let j = 0; j < propLen; j++) {\n      const kebab = SYNC_PROPERTIES_KEBAB[j]!;\n      const camel = SYNC_PROPERTIES[j]!;\n      \n      const srcVal = srcMap.get(kebab);\n      if (!srcVal) continue;\n      \n      const strVal = srcVal.toString();\n      \n      if (camel === \"display\") {\n        // For caption child elements, preserve display:none when explicitly set\n        // (they use it to hide empty content, not for temporal visibility)\n        const isCaptionChild = tagName && (\n          tagName === 'EF-CAPTIONS-ACTIVE-WORD' ||\n          tagName === 'EF-CAPTIONS-BEFORE-ACTIVE-WORD' ||\n          tagName === 'EF-CAPTIONS-AFTER-ACTIVE-WORD' ||\n          tagName === 'EF-CAPTIONS-SEGMENT'\n        );\n        const targetDisplay = (strVal === \"none\" && !isCaptionChild) ? \"block\" : strVal;\n        cloneStyle.display = targetDisplay;\n        continue;\n      }\n      \n      // Skip clipPath - clones always have clipPath: none for rendering\n      // (source may have clip-path: inset(100%) from proxy mode)\n      if (camel === \"clipPath\") continue;\n      \n      // OPTIMIZATION: Skip default values to reduce serialized HTML size\n      // If the computed value is the CSS default, don't set it as inline style\n      if (isDefaultValue(camel, strVal)) {\n        // Remove from inline style if it was previously set\n        if (cloneStyle[camel]) cloneStyle[camel] = \"\";\n        continue;\n      }\n      \n      cloneStyle[camel] = strVal;\n    }\n  } else {\n    let cs: CSSStyleDeclaration;\n    \n    try {\n      cs = getComputedStyle(source);\n    } catch { return; }\n    \n    const srcStyle = cs as any;\n    \n    for (const prop of SYNC_PROPERTIES) {\n      const srcVal = srcStyle[prop];\n      if (!srcVal) continue;\n      \n      if (prop === \"display\") {\n        // For caption child elements, preserve display:none when explicitly set\n        // (they use it to hide empty content, not for temporal visibility)\n        const isCaptionChild = tagName && (\n          tagName === 'EF-CAPTIONS-ACTIVE-WORD' ||\n          tagName === 'EF-CAPTIONS-BEFORE-ACTIVE-WORD' ||\n          tagName === 'EF-CAPTIONS-AFTER-ACTIVE-WORD' ||\n          tagName === 'EF-CAPTIONS-SEGMENT'\n        );\n        const targetDisplay = (srcVal === \"none\" && !isCaptionChild) ? \"block\" : srcVal;\n        cloneStyle.display = targetDisplay;\n        continue;\n      }\n      \n      // Skip clipPath - clones always have clipPath: none for rendering\n      // (source may have clip-path: inset(100%) from proxy mode)\n      if (prop === \"clipPath\") continue;\n      \n      // OPTIMIZATION: Skip default values to reduce serialized HTML size\n      if (isDefaultValue(prop, srcVal)) {\n        if (cloneStyle[prop]) cloneStyle[prop] = \"\";\n        continue;\n      }\n      \n      cloneStyle[prop] = srcVal;\n    }\n  }\n  \n  // Disable animations/transitions to prevent re-animation\n  cloneStyle.animation = \"none\";\n  cloneStyle.transition = \"none\";\n}\n\n/**\n * Refresh canvas pixel content from shadow DOM source.\n * Handles both shadow canvas and shadow img sources.\n */\nfunction refreshCanvasPixels(node: CloneNode): void {\n  const { source, clone } = node;\n  const canvas = clone as HTMLCanvasElement;\n  const shadowCanvas = source.shadowRoot?.querySelector(\"canvas\");\n  const shadowImg = source.shadowRoot?.querySelector(\"img\");\n  \n  if (shadowCanvas) {\n    // Update buffer dimensions if needed\n    if (canvas.width !== shadowCanvas.width) canvas.width = shadowCanvas.width;\n    if (canvas.height !== shadowCanvas.height) canvas.height = shadowCanvas.height;\n    \n    // Copy pixels with explicit clear\n    const ctx = canvas.getContext(\"2d\");\n    if (ctx && shadowCanvas.width > 0 && shadowCanvas.height > 0) {\n      try {\n        ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);\n        ctx.drawImage(shadowCanvas, 0, 0);\n      } catch (e) {\n        logger.warn(\"[refreshCanvasPixels] Canvas draw failed:\", e);\n      }\n    }\n  } else if (shadowImg?.complete && shadowImg.naturalWidth > 0) {\n    // Update buffer dimensions if needed\n    if (canvas.width !== shadowImg.naturalWidth) canvas.width = shadowImg.naturalWidth;\n    if (canvas.height !== shadowImg.naturalHeight) canvas.height = shadowImg.naturalHeight;\n    \n    // Copy pixels with explicit clear\n    const ctx = canvas.getContext(\"2d\");\n    if (ctx) {\n      ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);\n      try { ctx.drawImage(shadowImg, 0, 0); } catch {}\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Sync text content from light DOM to clone.\n */\nfunction syncTextContent(source: Element, clone: HTMLElement): void {\n  const srcTextNode = source.childNodes[0];\n  if (srcTextNode?.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {\n    const srcText = srcTextNode.textContent || \"\";\n    const cloneTextNode = clone.childNodes[0];\n    \n    if (cloneTextNode?.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {\n      // Update existing text node\n      if (cloneTextNode.textContent !== srcText) cloneTextNode.textContent = srcText;\n    } else if (!clone.childNodes.length) {\n      // Only create text node if clone has NO children (was empty when initially cloned)\n      // Don't set textContent as it would delete element children!\n      clone.appendChild(document.createTextNode(srcText));\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Sync input element value.\n */\nfunction syncInputValue(source: Element, clone: HTMLElement): void {\n  if (source instanceof HTMLInputElement) {\n    const srcVal = source.value;\n    const cloneInput = clone as HTMLInputElement;\n    if (cloneInput.value !== srcVal) {\n      cloneInput.value = srcVal;\n      cloneInput.setAttribute(\"value\", srcVal);\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Build clone tree structure with minimal overhead.\n * Caches temporal bounds on each node for visibility checks.\n * Optionally syncs styles in the same pass if timeMs is provided.\n */\nexport function buildCloneStructure(source: Element, timeMs?: number): {\n  container: HTMLDivElement;\n  syncState: SyncState;\n} {\n  const container = document.createElement(\"div\");\n  container.style.cssText = \"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%\";\n  \n  let nodeCount = 0;\n  const canvasSourceMap = new WeakMap<HTMLCanvasElement, Element>();\n  \n  function cloneElement(srcEl: Element, parentNode: CloneNode | null): CloneNode | null {\n    if (SKIP_TAGS.has(srcEl.tagName)) return null;\n    \n    // Get temporal bounds upfront for indexing\n    const bounds = getTemporalBounds(srcEl);\n    \n    // Canvas - copy pixels\n    // NOTE: Raw canvases are always recopied (no caching) since we can't detect when their content changes.\n    // Long-term solution: Create EFCanvas wrapper element to track modifications.\n    if (srcEl instanceof HTMLCanvasElement) {\n      const canvas = document.createElement(\"canvas\");\n      // Use intrinsic buffer dimensions (not affected by zoom/transforms)\n      canvas.width = srcEl.width;\n      canvas.height = srcEl.height;\n      const ctx = canvas.getContext(\"2d\");\n      if (ctx) {\n        try { ctx.drawImage(srcEl, 0, 0); } catch {}\n      }\n      \n      // Set explicit CSS dimensions based on buffer size to avoid zoom-affected computed styles\n      // This ensures the canvas renders at its natural size regardless of workspace zoom\n      canvas.style.width = `${srcEl.width}px`;\n      canvas.style.height = `${srcEl.height}px`;\n      \n      // Sync positioning/transform styles from source, but dimensions are already set above\n      try {\n        const cs = getComputedStyle(srcEl);\n        canvas.style.position = cs.position;\n        canvas.style.top = cs.top;\n        canvas.style.right = cs.right;\n        canvas.style.bottom = cs.bottom;\n        canvas.style.left = cs.left;\n        canvas.style.margin = cs.margin;\n        canvas.style.zIndex = cs.zIndex;\n        canvas.style.transform = cs.transform;\n        canvas.style.transformOrigin = cs.transformOrigin;\n        canvas.style.opacity = cs.opacity;\n        canvas.style.visibility = cs.visibility;\n        canvas.style.display = \"block\";\n      } catch {}\n      \n      // Map clone canvas to source for RenderContext (though caching won't help here)\n      canvasSourceMap.set(canvas, srcEl);\n      \n      const node: CloneNode = {\n        source: srcEl,\n        clone: canvas,\n        children: [],\n        isCanvasClone: true,\n        bounds,\n        parent: parentNode,\n      };\n      nodeCount++;\n      return node;\n    }\n    \n    // Custom elements with shadow canvas (e.g., ef-video, ef-image)\n    const isCustom = srcEl.tagName.includes(\"-\");\n    if (isCustom && srcEl.shadowRoot) {\n      const shadowCanvas = srcEl.shadowRoot.querySelector(\"canvas\");\n      if (shadowCanvas) {\n        const clone = document.createElement(\"canvas\");\n        clone.width = shadowCanvas.width || srcEl.clientWidth;\n        clone.height = shadowCanvas.height || srcEl.clientHeight;\n        // Check if the element actually has alpha channel before preserving it\n        // ef-image tracks hasAlpha based on MIME type (JPEG=false, PNG/WebP=true)\n        // ef-waveform always needs alpha for proper rendering\n        if (srcEl.tagName === \"EF-WAVEFORM\") {\n          clone.dataset.preserveAlpha = \"true\";\n        } else if (srcEl.tagName === \"EF-IMAGE\") {\n          const hasAlpha = \"hasAlpha\" in srcEl && (srcEl as any).hasAlpha;\n          if (hasAlpha) {\n            clone.dataset.preserveAlpha = \"true\";\n          }\n          console.log(`[buildCloneStructure] EF-IMAGE canvas: size=${clone.width}x${clone.height}, hasAlpha=${hasAlpha}, preserveAlpha=${hasAlpha ? 'PNG' : 'JPEG'}`);\n        }\n        \n        const ctx = clone.getContext(\"2d\");\n        if (ctx) {\n          try { ctx.drawImage(shadowCanvas, 0, 0); } catch {}\n        }\n        \n        // Copy initial CSS styles using unified sync\n        // Pass shadowCanvas as contentSource for width/height\n        try {\n          syncElementStyles(srcEl, clone, shadowCanvas);\n        } catch {}\n        \n        // Map clone canvas to source element for RenderContext caching\n        canvasSourceMap.set(clone, srcEl);\n        \n        const node: CloneNode = {\n          source: srcEl,\n          clone,\n          children: [],\n          isCanvasClone: true,\n          bounds,\n          parent: parentNode,\n        };\n        nodeCount++;\n        return node;\n      }\n      \n      const shadowImg = srcEl.shadowRoot.querySelector(\"img\");\n      if (shadowImg?.complete && shadowImg.naturalWidth > 0) {\n        const clone = document.createElement(\"canvas\");\n        clone.width = shadowImg.naturalWidth;\n        clone.height = shadowImg.naturalHeight;\n        // Check if the element actually has alpha channel before preserving it\n        // For direct img elements, check the element's hasAlpha property\n        if (srcEl.tagName === \"EF-IMAGE\") {\n          const hasAlpha = \"hasAlpha\" in srcEl && (srcEl as any).hasAlpha;\n          if (hasAlpha) {\n            clone.dataset.preserveAlpha = \"true\";\n          }\n        }\n        const ctx = clone.getContext(\"2d\");\n        if (ctx) {\n          try { ctx.drawImage(shadowImg, 0, 0); } catch {}\n        }\n        \n        // Copy initial CSS styles using unified sync\n        // Pass shadowImg as contentSource for width/height\n        try {\n          syncElementStyles(srcEl, clone, shadowImg);\n        } catch {}\n        \n        // Map clone canvas to source element for RenderContext caching\n        canvasSourceMap.set(clone, srcEl);\n        \n        const node: CloneNode = {\n          source: srcEl,\n          clone,\n          children: [],\n          isCanvasClone: true,\n          bounds,\n          parent: parentNode,\n        };\n        nodeCount++;\n        return node;\n      }\n    }\n    \n    // Standard element clone\n    // SVG elements need createElementNS, HTML elements use createElement\n    let clone: HTMLElement;\n    if (srcEl instanceof SVGElement) {\n      clone = document.createElementNS(\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\", srcEl.tagName) as unknown as HTMLElement;\n    } else {\n      clone = document.createElement(isCustom ? \"div\" : srcEl.tagName.toLowerCase()) as HTMLElement;\n    }\n    \n    // Copy attributes - OPTIMIZATION: Early exit if no attributes\n    const attrs = srcEl.attributes;\n    const attrLen = attrs.length;\n    if (attrLen > 0) {\n      for (let i = 0; i < attrLen; i++) {\n        const attr = attrs[i]!;\n        const name = attr.name.toLowerCase();\n        if (name === \"id\" || name.startsWith(\"on\")) continue;\n        if (isCustom && name !== \"class\" && !name.startsWith(\"data-\")) continue;\n        try { clone.setAttribute(attr.name, attr.value); } catch {}\n      }\n    }\n    \n    if (srcEl instanceof HTMLImageElement && srcEl.src) {\n      (clone as HTMLImageElement).src = srcEl.src;\n    }\n    if (srcEl instanceof HTMLInputElement) {\n      (clone as HTMLInputElement).value = srcEl.value;\n    }\n    \n    const node: CloneNode = {\n      source: srcEl,\n      clone,\n      children: [],\n      isCanvasClone: false,\n      bounds,\n      parent: parentNode,\n    };\n    nodeCount++;\n    \n    // Shadow DOM children - OPTIMIZATION: Early exit if no childNodes\n    if (srcEl.shadowRoot) {\n      const shadowChildren = srcEl.shadowRoot.childNodes;\n      const shadowLen = shadowChildren.length;\n      if (shadowLen > 0) {\n        // For text segments, ALWAYS create a text node placeholder even if empty.\n        // Caption elements now use light DOM, so they don't need special handling here.\n        const isTextSegment = srcEl.tagName === 'EF-TEXT-SEGMENT';\n        let hasTextNode = false;\n        \n        for (let i = 0; i < shadowLen; i++) {\n          const child = shadowChildren[i]!;\n          if (child.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {\n            const text = child.textContent?.trim();\n            // Always include text for text segments (even if whitespace-only, e.g., \" \")\n            if (text || isTextSegment) {\n              clone.appendChild(document.createTextNode(child.textContent || \"\"));\n              hasTextNode = true;\n            }\n          } else if (child.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {\n            const el = child as Element;\n            if (el.tagName === \"STYLE\" || el.tagName === \"SLOT\") continue;\n            const childNode = cloneElement(el, node);\n            if (childNode) {\n              node.children.push(childNode);\n              clone.appendChild(childNode.clone);\n            }\n          }\n        }\n        \n        // For text segments, ensure there's always a text node for syncStyles to update\n        if (isTextSegment && !hasTextNode) {\n          clone.appendChild(document.createTextNode(\"\"));\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    \n    // Light DOM children - OPTIMIZATION: Use indexed loop for performance\n    const lightChildren = srcEl.childNodes;\n    const lightLen = lightChildren.length;\n    for (let i = 0; i < lightLen; i++) {\n      const child = lightChildren[i]!;\n      if (child.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {\n        const text = child.textContent?.trim();\n        if (text) clone.appendChild(document.createTextNode(text));\n      } else if (child.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {\n        const childNode = cloneElement(child as Element, node);\n        if (childNode) {\n          node.children.push(childNode);\n          clone.appendChild(childNode.clone);\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    \n    return node;\n  }\n  \n  const root = cloneElement(source, null);\n  if (root) container.appendChild(root.clone);\n  \n  const syncState: SyncState = {\n    tree: { root },\n    nodeCount,\n    canvasSourceMap,\n    previousVisibleSet: new Set(),\n    currentVisibleSet: new Set(),\n  };\n  \n  // Sync styles in the same pass if timeMs is provided\n  if (timeMs !== undefined && root) {\n    syncStylesWithIndex(syncState, timeMs);\n  }\n  \n  return {\n    container,\n    syncState,\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Sync a single node's styles (extracted for reuse).\n * Now uses unified style syncing with clear separation of concerns:\n * 1. Canvas pixel refresh (if canvas clone)\n * 2. Unified CSS property sync (all elements)\n * 3. Content sync (text, input values)\n */\nfunction syncNodeStyles(node: CloneNode): void {\n  const { source, clone, isCanvasClone } = node;\n  \n  // 1. Canvas-specific: Refresh pixel content from shadow DOM\n  if (isCanvasClone) {\n    refreshCanvasPixels(node);\n  }\n  \n  // 2. Unified: Sync ALL CSS properties using SYNC_PROPERTIES array\n  // For canvas clones, pass content source (shadow canvas/img) for width/height\n  const contentSource = isCanvasClone\n    ? (source.shadowRoot?.querySelector(\"canvas\") || source.shadowRoot?.querySelector(\"img\") || undefined)\n    : undefined;\n  syncElementStyles(source, clone, contentSource);\n  \n  // 3. Element-specific: Sync text content and input values\n  syncTextContent(source, clone);\n  syncInputValue(source, clone);\n}\n\n// Performance instrumentation counters\ninterface SyncStats {\n  nodesVisited: number;\n  nodesCulledByParent: number;\n  nodesCulledByTemporal: number;\n  nodesProcessed: number;\n  nodesFullSync: number;      // Newly visible nodes (full sync)\n  nodesIncrementalSync: number; // Still visible nodes (incremental sync)\n  nodesHidden: number;        // Newly hidden nodes\n  indexQueryTimeMs: number;\n  syncTimeMs: number;\n}\n\nlet syncStats: SyncStats = {\n  nodesVisited: 0,\n  nodesCulledByParent: 0,\n  nodesCulledByTemporal: 0,\n  nodesProcessed: 0,\n  nodesFullSync: 0,\n  nodesIncrementalSync: 0,\n  nodesHidden: 0,\n  indexQueryTimeMs: 0,\n  syncTimeMs: 0,\n};\n\n/**\n * Visibility delta between frames.\n * Used for incremental updates - only sync what changed.\n */\ninterface VisibilityDelta {\n  nowVisible: Set<CloneNode>;    // Need full style sync + show\n  stillVisible: Set<CloneNode>;  // Only sync animated properties (or skip if same time)\n  nowHidden: Set<CloneNode>;     // Just set display:none\n}\n\n/**\n * Compute visibility delta between previous and current frame.\n */\nfunction computeVisibilityDelta(\n  previousSet: Set<CloneNode>,\n  currentSet: Set<CloneNode>,\n): VisibilityDelta {\n  const nowVisible = new Set<CloneNode>();\n  const stillVisible = new Set<CloneNode>();\n  const nowHidden = new Set<CloneNode>();\n  \n  // Find nodes that became visible or stayed visible\n  for (const node of currentSet) {\n    if (previousSet.has(node)) {\n      stillVisible.add(node);\n    } else {\n      nowVisible.add(node);\n    }\n  }\n  \n  // Find nodes that became hidden\n  for (const node of previousSet) {\n    if (!currentSet.has(node)) {\n      nowHidden.add(node);\n    }\n  }\n  \n  return { nowVisible, stillVisible, nowHidden };\n}\n\n/**\n * Build visible set by recursive traversal with bounds checking.\n * Queries fresh bounds from source elements each time - bounds are computed\n * dynamically by timegroups based on composition mode.\n */\nfunction buildVisibleSetRecursive(\n  node: CloneNode,\n  timeMs: number,\n  visibleSet: Set<CloneNode>,\n): void {\n  const { children, source } = node;\n  \n  // Get fresh bounds from source element (not cached - timegroup bounds are dynamic)\n  const bounds = getTemporalBounds(source);\n  \n  // Check if this node is visible at current time\n  const isVisible = timeMs >= bounds.startMs && timeMs <= bounds.endMs;\n  \n  if (isVisible) {\n    visibleSet.add(node);\n    // Recurse to children\n    for (const child of children) {\n      buildVisibleSetRecursive(child, timeMs, visibleSet);\n    }\n  }\n  // If not visible, skip entire subtree\n}\n\n/**\n * Sync styles with recursive visibility check and delta tracking.\n * \n * DELTA TRACKING: Tracks visibility changes between frames to minimize work:\n * - nowVisible nodes: Full style sync + show\n * - stillVisible nodes: Incremental sync (source DOM may have changed)\n * - nowHidden nodes: Just hide (display:none)\n */\nfunction syncStylesWithIndex(state: SyncState, timeMs: number): void {\n  const queryStart = performance.now();\n  \n  // Build the set of visible nodes by recursive traversal\n  const visibleSet = new Set<CloneNode>();\n  if (state.tree.root) {\n    buildVisibleSetRecursive(state.tree.root, timeMs, visibleSet);\n  }\n  \n  // Compute delta from previous frame\n  const delta = computeVisibilityDelta(state.previousVisibleSet, visibleSet);\n  \n  syncStats.indexQueryTimeMs = performance.now() - queryStart;\n  \n  // Now traverse the tree but use the delta for O(1) sync decisions\n  const syncStart = performance.now();\n  if (state.tree.root) {\n    syncNodeWithDelta(state.tree.root, visibleSet, delta);\n  }\n  syncStats.syncTimeMs = performance.now() - syncStart;\n  \n  // Update state for next frame and expose current visible set\n  state.previousVisibleSet = visibleSet;\n  state.currentVisibleSet = visibleSet;\n}\n\n/**\n * Sync a node using visibility delta for incremental updates.\n * \n * DELTA TRACKING optimization:\n * - nowVisible: Full style sync (element just appeared)\n * - stillVisible: Incremental sync (source DOM may have changed)\n * - nowHidden: Just hide the element\n * - Not in any set: Skip entirely (was already hidden)\n */\nfunction syncNodeWithDelta(\n  node: CloneNode,\n  visibleSet: Set<CloneNode>,\n  delta: VisibilityDelta,\n): void {\n  syncStats.nodesVisited++;\n  \n  const isVisible = visibleSet.has(node);\n  \n  if (!isVisible) {\n    // Node is not visible - ALWAYS set display:none\n    // This handles both \"just became hidden\" and \"initial build with node outside time range\"\n    node.clone.style.display = \"none\";\n    if (delta.nowHidden.has(node)) {\n      syncStats.nodesHidden++;\n    }\n    // Already hidden nodes: skip (don't even recurse to children)\n    syncStats.nodesCulledByTemporal++;\n    return;\n  }\n  \n  // Node is visible - determine sync strategy\n  if (delta.nowVisible.has(node)) {\n    // Just became visible - need full style sync\n    syncNodeStyles(node);\n    syncStats.nodesFullSync++;\n  } else if (delta.stillVisible.has(node)) {\n    // Was visible, still visible - still need to sync\n    // Source DOM properties can change independently of time (input values, text, etc.)\n    // TODO: Phase 5 could track property changes for smarter incremental sync\n    syncNodeStyles(node);\n    syncStats.nodesIncrementalSync++;\n  }\n  \n  syncStats.nodesProcessed++;\n  \n  // Recurse to children\n  for (const child of node.children) {\n    syncNodeWithDelta(child, visibleSet, delta);\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Legacy recursive sync (kept for comparison/fallback).\n * Returns early if the node is temporally culled, skipping ALL descendants.\n * @deprecated Use syncStylesWithIndex for better performance\n */\nexport function syncNodeRecursiveLegacy(node: CloneNode, timeMs: number): void {\n  const { clone, children, bounds } = node;\n  syncStats.nodesVisited++;\n  \n  // Temporal culling - check if this node is visible at current time\n  // NOTE: Canvas clones now participate in temporal culling (lazy canvas copying).\n  // Invalid bounds [0,0] are treated as [-Infinity, Infinity] by getTemporalBounds.\n  {\n    // OPTIMIZATION: Check if parent is already hidden to skip bounds computation\n    const parent = clone.parentElement;\n    if (parent instanceof HTMLElement) {\n      // If parent has display:none, this element is already hidden - skip bounds check\n      if (parent.style.display === \"none\") {\n        clone.style.display = \"none\";\n        syncStats.nodesCulledByParent++;\n        return;\n      }\n    }\n    \n    // Use cached bounds from node instead of calling getTemporalBounds\n    const { startMs, endMs } = bounds;\n    if (timeMs < startMs || timeMs > endMs) {\n      // Hide this element and BAIL OUT - skip all descendants automatically!\n      clone.style.display = \"none\";\n      syncStats.nodesCulledByTemporal++;\n      return;\n    }\n  }\n  \n  // Sync this node's styles\n  syncNodeStyles(node);\n  syncStats.nodesProcessed++;\n  \n  // Recursively sync children\n  for (const child of children) {\n    syncNodeRecursiveLegacy(child, timeMs);\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Sync all CSS properties from source elements to their clones.\n * Uses interval index for O(log n + k) visibility queries instead of O(n) traversal.\n * Uses delta tracking for incremental updates between frames.\n */\nexport function syncStyles(state: SyncState, timeMs: number): void {\n  // Reset stats\n  syncStats = {\n    nodesVisited: 0,\n    nodesCulledByParent: 0,\n    nodesCulledByTemporal: 0,\n    nodesProcessed: 0,\n    nodesFullSync: 0,\n    nodesIncrementalSync: 0,\n    nodesHidden: 0,\n    indexQueryTimeMs: 0,\n    syncTimeMs: 0,\n  };\n  \n  // Use interval-index-based sync with delta tracking\n  syncStylesWithIndex(state, 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package/dist/preview/renderTimegroupToCanvas.js

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 import { FrameController } from "./FrameController.js";
 import { logger } from "./logger.js";
 import { DEFAULT_BLOCKING_TIMEOUT_MS, DEFAULT_HEIGHT, DEFAULT_THUMBNAIL_SCALE, DEFAULT_WIDTH, createPreviewContainer, isVisibleAtTime } from "./previewTypes.js";
-import { buildCloneStructure, collectDocumentStyles, overrideRootCloneStyles, removeHiddenNodesForSerialization, restoreHiddenNodes, syncStyles } from "./renderTimegroupPreview.js";
+import { buildCloneStructure, collectDocumentStyles, overrideRootCloneStyles, removeHiddenNodesForSerialization, restoreHiddenNodes } from "./renderTimegroupPreview.js";
 import { getEffectiveRenderMode } from "./renderers.js";
 import { RenderContext } from "./RenderContext.js";
 import { defaultProfiler } from "./RenderProfiler.js";
 import { createDprCanvas, renderToImageNative } from "./rendering/renderToImageNative.js";
 import { clearInlineImageCache } from "./rendering/inlineImages.js";
-import { loadImageFromDataUri, renderToImage, renderToImageDirect } from "./rendering/renderToImage.js";
+import { loadImageFromDataUri, renderToImage } from "./rendering/renderToImage.js";
 
 //#region src/preview/renderTimegroupToCanvas.ts
 /** Number of rows to sample when checking canvas content */
@@ -187,7 +187,6 @@ async function captureFromClone(renderClone, renderContainer, options = {}) {
 	const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
 	if (!ctx) throw new Error("Failed to get canvas 2d context");
 	const timeMs = renderClone.currentTimeMs;
-	await new FrameController(renderClone).renderFrame(timeMs, { waitForLitUpdate: false });
 	if (contentReadyMode === "blocking") {
 		const result = await waitForVideoContent(renderClone, timeMs, blockingTimeoutMs);
 		if (!result.ready) throw new ContentNotReadyError(timeMs, blockingTimeoutMs, result.blankVideos);
@@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ async function captureFromClone(renderClone, renderContainer, options = {}) {
 			image = await renderToImageNative(renderContainer, width, height, { skipDprScaling: true });
 		} else {
 			const t0 = performance.now();
-			const { container, syncState } = buildCloneStructure(renderClone, timeMs);
+			const { container: container$1, syncState } = buildCloneStructure(renderClone, timeMs);
 			const buildTime = performance.now() - t0;
 			const bgSource = originalTimegroup ?? renderClone;
 			const previewContainer = createPreviewContainer({
@@ -221,7 +220,7 @@ async function captureFromClone(renderClone, renderContainer, options = {}) {
 			styleEl.textContent = collectDocumentStyles();
 			const stylesTime = performance.now() - t1;
 			previewContainer.appendChild(styleEl);
-			previewContainer.appendChild(container);
+			previewContainer.appendChild(container$1);
 			overrideRootCloneStyles(syncState, true);
 			const t2 = performance.now();
 			image = await renderToImage(previewContainer, width, height, {
@@ -284,14 +283,16 @@ function toAbsoluteTime(timegroup, relativeTimeMs) {
 /**
 * Renders a timegroup preview to a canvas using SVG foreignObject.
 * 
+* Captures the prime timeline's current visual state including DOM changes
+* from frame tasks (SVG paths, canvas content, text updates, etc.).
+* 
 * Optimized with:
-* - Persistent clone structure (built once)
+* - Passive clone structure rebuilt each frame from prime's current state
 * - Temporal bucketing for time-based culling
-* - Property split (static vs animated)
-* - Parent index for O(1) visibility checks
+* - RenderContext for canvas pixel caching across frames
 * - Resolution scaling for performance (renders at lower resolution, CSS upscales)
 *
-* @param timegroup - The source timegroup to preview
+* @param timegroup - The source timegroup to preview (prime timeline)
 * @param scaleOrOptions - Scale factor (default 1) or options object
 * @returns Object with canvas and refresh function
 */
@@ -319,26 +320,19 @@ function renderTimegroupToCanvas(timegroup, scaleOrOptions = DEFAULT_PREVIEW_SCA
 	wrapperContainer.appendChild(canvas);
 	const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
 	if (!ctx) throw new Error("Failed to get canvas 2d context");
-	const { container, syncState } = buildCloneStructure(timegroup, toAbsoluteTime(timegroup, timegroup.currentTimeMs ?? 0));
+	let rendering = false;
+	let lastTimeMs = -1;
+	let disposed = false;
+	const renderContext = new RenderContext();
+	const frameController = new FrameController(timegroup);
 	const previewContainer = createPreviewContainer({
 		width: renderWidth,
 		height: renderHeight,
 		background: getComputedStyle(timegroup).background || "#000"
 	});
-	if (currentResolutionScale < 1) {
-		container.style.transform = `scale(${currentResolutionScale})`;
-		container.style.transformOrigin = "top left";
-	}
 	const styleEl = document.createElement("style");
 	styleEl.textContent = collectDocumentStyles();
 	previewContainer.appendChild(styleEl);
-	previewContainer.appendChild(container);
-	overrideRootCloneStyles(syncState);
-	let rendering = false;
-	let lastTimeMs = -1;
-	let disposed = false;
-	const renderContext = new RenderContext();
-	const frameController = new FrameController(timegroup);
 	let hasLoggedScale = false;
 	let pendingResolutionScale = null;
 	/**
@@ -388,7 +382,13 @@ function renderTimegroupToCanvas(timegroup, scaleOrOptions = DEFAULT_PREVIEW_SCA
 		}
 		try {
 			await frameController.renderFrame(userTimeMs);
-			syncStyles(syncState, toAbsoluteTime(timegroup, userTimeMs));
+			const { container: container$1, syncState } = buildCloneStructure(timegroup, toAbsoluteTime(timegroup, userTimeMs));
+			if (currentResolutionScale < 1) {
+				container$1.style.transform = `scale(${currentResolutionScale})`;
+				container$1.style.transformOrigin = "top left";
+			}
+			while (previewContainer.firstChild !== styleEl && previewContainer.firstChild) previewContainer.removeChild(previewContainer.firstChild);
+			previewContainer.appendChild(container$1);
 			overrideRootCloneStyles(syncState);
 			const removedNodes = removeHiddenNodesForSerialization(syncState);
 			const t0 = performance.now();
@@ -432,7 +432,6 @@ function renderTimegroupToCanvas(timegroup, scaleOrOptions = DEFAULT_PREVIEW_SCA
 		container: wrapperContainer,
 		canvas,
 		refresh,
-		syncState,
 		setResolutionScale,
 		getResolutionScale,
 		dispose