@dxos/echo 0.8.4-main.9be5663bfe → 0.8.4-main.abd8ff62ef

package/src/internal/common/proxy/change.test.ts

@@ -9,17 +9,17 @@ import * as Relation from '../../../Relation';
 import { TestSchema } from '../../../testing';
 
 /**
- * Tests for Obj.change context enforcement and mutator type safety.
+ * Tests for Obj.update context enforcement and mutator type safety.
  *
  * These tests verify:
  * 1. Mutator functions require Mutable<T> at compile-time.
  * 2. getMeta returns ReadonlyMeta outside change callbacks and ObjectMeta inside.
- * 3. Mutations outside Obj.change throw at runtime.
+ * 3. Mutations outside Obj.update throw at runtime.
  * 4. Nested object/property mutations work correctly.
  * 5. Array mutations (push, pop, splice) require change context.
  * 6. Property delete requires change context.
  */
-describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
+describe('Obj.update enforcement', () => {
   describe('compile-time and runtime safety', () => {
     test('direct property mutation outside change throws', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, { name: 'Test' });
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       expect(() => {
         // @ts-expect-error Testing runtime error for readonly property mutation.
         obj.name = 'New Name';
-      }).toThrow(/outside of Obj.change/);
+      }).toThrow(/outside of Obj.update/);
     });
 
     test('Obj.setValue outside change throws', ({ expect }) => {
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
 
       // No compile-time error: TypeScript's structural typing allows readonly objects
       // to be passed to Mutable<T> parameters. Enforcement is runtime-only.
-      expect(() => Obj.setValue(obj, ['name'], 'value')).toThrow(/outside of Obj.change/);
+      expect(() => Obj.setValue(obj, ['name'], 'value')).toThrow(/outside of Obj.update/);
     });
 
     test('Obj.addTag outside change throws', ({ expect }) => {
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
 
       // No compile-time error: TypeScript's structural typing allows readonly objects
       // to be passed to Mutable<T> parameters. Enforcement is runtime-only.
-      expect(() => Obj.addTag(obj, 'tag')).toThrow(/outside of Obj.change/);
+      expect(() => Obj.addTag(obj, 'tag')).toThrow(/outside of Obj.update/);
     });
 
     test('getMeta mutation outside change throws', ({ expect }) => {
@@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       const meta = Obj.getMeta(obj);
 
       // Runtime errors for direct meta mutations.
-      expect(() => ((meta as any).keys = [])).toThrow(/outside of Obj.change/);
-      expect(() => ((meta as any).tags = ['tag'])).toThrow(/outside of Obj.change/);
+      expect(() => ((meta as any).keys = [])).toThrow(/outside of Obj.update/);
+      expect(() => ((meta as any).tags = ['tag'])).toThrow(/outside of Obj.update/);
     });
 
     test('getMeta returns mutable ObjectMeta inside change callback', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, { name: 'Test' });
 
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         const meta = Obj.getMeta(obj);
 
         // These should compile without errors because meta is ObjectMeta (mutable).
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, { name: 'Test' });
 
       // These should compile without errors inside change callback.
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         Obj.addTag(obj, 'my-tag');
         Obj.setValue(obj, ['name'], 'Updated');
       });
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       expect(() => {
         // @ts-expect-error Testing runtime error for readonly property mutation.
         rel.title = 'Manager';
-      }).toThrow(/outside of Obj.change/);
+      }).toThrow(/outside of Obj.update/);
     });
 
     test('Relation.addTag outside change throws', ({ expect }) => {
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
 
       // No compile-time error: TypeScript's structural typing allows readonly objects
       // to be passed to Mutable<T> parameters. Enforcement is runtime-only.
-      expect(() => Relation.addTag(rel, 'tag')).toThrow(/outside of Obj.change/);
+      expect(() => Relation.addTag(rel, 'tag')).toThrow(/outside of Obj.update/);
     });
   });
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       // Person schema uses 'name' as label field.
       expect(Obj.getLabel(obj)).toBe('John');
 
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         Obj.setLabel(obj, 'Jane');
       });
 
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
 
       // setDescription only works if schema has description annotation.
       // For schemas without it, this is a no-op.
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         Obj.setDescription(obj, 'My Description');
       });
 
@@ -153,14 +153,14 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
 
       expect(Obj.getMeta(obj).tags).toBeUndefined();
 
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         Obj.addTag(obj, 'tag-1');
         Obj.addTag(obj, 'tag-2');
       });
 
       expect(Obj.getMeta(obj).tags).toEqual(['tag-1', 'tag-2']);
 
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         Obj.removeTag(obj, 'tag-1');
       });
 
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
     test('deleteKeys removes foreign keys by source', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, { name: 'Test' });
 
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         const meta = Obj.getMeta(obj);
         meta.keys.push({ source: 'source-a', id: '1' });
         meta.keys.push({ source: 'source-a', id: '2' });
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
 
       expect(Obj.getMeta(obj).keys).toHaveLength(3);
 
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         Obj.deleteKeys(obj, 'source-a');
       });
 
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
     test('setValue sets nested properties', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, { name: 'Test' });
 
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         Obj.setValue(obj, ['name'], 'Updated Name');
       });
 
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
     test('getMeta is mutable inside change and changes persist', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, { name: 'Test' });
 
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         const meta = Obj.getMeta(obj);
         meta.tags = ['tag-1', 'tag-2'];
         meta.keys.push({ source: 'external', id: '123' });
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
     test('multiple mutations in single change all persist', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, { name: 'Test' });
 
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         obj.name = 'Name 1';
         obj.name = 'Name 2';
         obj.name = 'Name 3';
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
   });
 
   describe('notifications', () => {
-    test('batched notifications - only one per Obj.change', ({ expect }) => {
+    test('batched notifications - only one per Obj.update', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, { name: 'John' });
 
       let notificationCount = 0;
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
         notificationCount++;
       });
 
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         obj.name = 'Jane';
         obj.age = 30;
       });
@@ -250,13 +250,13 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
   });
 
   describe('nested mutations', () => {
-    test('nested object property mutation within Obj.change', ({ expect }) => {
+    test('nested object property mutation within Obj.update', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, {
         name: 'John',
         address: { city: 'NYC', coordinates: {} },
       });
 
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         obj.address!.state = 'NY';
       });
 
@@ -264,13 +264,13 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       expect(obj.address?.city).toBe('NYC');
     });
 
-    test('deeply nested property mutation within Obj.change (2 levels)', ({ expect }) => {
+    test('deeply nested property mutation within Obj.update (2 levels)', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, {
         name: 'John',
         address: { city: 'NYC', coordinates: { lat: 40.7128, lng: -74.006 } },
       });
 
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         obj.address!.coordinates!.lat = 51.5074;
         obj.address!.coordinates!.lng = -0.1278;
       });
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       expect(obj.address?.coordinates?.lng).toBe(-0.1278);
     });
 
-    test('nested object mutation outside Obj.change throws (1 level deep)', ({ expect }) => {
+    test('nested object mutation outside Obj.update throws (1 level deep)', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, {
         name: 'John',
         address: { city: 'NYC', coordinates: {} },
@@ -288,10 +288,10 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       expect(() => {
         // @ts-expect-error - nested property assignment is readonly.
         obj.address!.city = 'LA';
-      }).toThrow(/outside of Obj.change/);
+      }).toThrow(/outside of Obj.update/);
     });
 
-    test('deeply nested mutation outside Obj.change throws (2 levels deep)', ({ expect }) => {
+    test('deeply nested mutation outside Obj.update throws (2 levels deep)', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, {
         name: 'John',
         address: { city: 'NYC', coordinates: { lat: 40.7128, lng: -74.006 } },
@@ -300,17 +300,17 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       expect(() => {
         // @ts-expect-error - deeply nested property assignment should be caught.
         obj.address!.coordinates!.lat = 0;
-      }).toThrow(/outside of Obj.change/);
+      }).toThrow(/outside of Obj.update/);
     });
 
-    test('nested Obj.change calls work correctly', ({ expect }) => {
+    test('nested Obj.update calls work correctly', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, { name: 'John' });
 
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         obj.name = 'Jane';
 
         // Nested change should work (already in change context).
-        Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+        Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
           obj.age = 30;
         });
       });
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, { name: 'John' });
 
       expect(() => {
-        Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+        Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
           obj.name = 'Jane';
           throw new Error('Test error');
         });
@@ -333,18 +333,18 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       expect(() => {
         // @ts-expect-error Testing runtime error for readonly property mutation.
         obj.name = 'Bob';
-      }).toThrow(/outside of Obj.change/);
+      }).toThrow(/outside of Obj.update/);
     });
   });
 
   describe('array mutations', () => {
-    test('array push within Obj.change', ({ expect }) => {
+    test('array push within Obj.update', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, {
         name: 'John',
         fields: [{ label: 'tag1', value: 'val1' }],
       });
 
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         obj.fields!.push({ label: 'tag2', value: 'val2' });
       });
 
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       expect(obj.fields![1].label).toBe('tag2');
     });
 
-    test('array pop within Obj.change', ({ expect }) => {
+    test('array pop within Obj.update', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, {
         name: 'John',
         fields: [
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       });
 
       let popped: any;
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         popped = obj.fields!.pop();
       });
 
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       expect(obj.fields).toHaveLength(1);
     });
 
-    test('array splice within Obj.change', ({ expect }) => {
+    test('array splice within Obj.update', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, {
         name: 'John',
         fields: [
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
         ],
       });
 
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         obj.fields!.splice(1, 1, { label: 'x', value: 'x' });
       });
 
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       expect(obj.fields![1].label).toBe('x');
     });
 
-    test('array push outside Obj.change throws', ({ expect }) => {
+    test('array push outside Obj.update throws', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, {
         name: 'John',
         fields: [{ label: 'tag1', value: 'val1' }],
@@ -397,10 +397,10 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       expect(() => {
         // @ts-expect-error Testing runtime error for readonly array mutation.
         obj.fields!.push({ label: 'tag2', value: 'val2' });
-      }).toThrow(/array\.push\(\).*outside of Obj\.change/);
+      }).toThrow(/array\.push\(\).*outside of Obj\.update/);
     });
 
-    test('array pop outside Obj.change throws', ({ expect }) => {
+    test('array pop outside Obj.update throws', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, {
         name: 'John',
         fields: [{ label: 'tag1', value: 'val1' }],
@@ -409,10 +409,10 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       expect(() => {
         // @ts-expect-error Testing runtime error for readonly array mutation.
         obj.fields!.pop();
-      }).toThrow(/array\.pop\(\).*outside of Obj\.change/);
+      }).toThrow(/array\.pop\(\).*outside of Obj\.update/);
     });
 
-    test('array splice outside Obj.change throws', ({ expect }) => {
+    test('array splice outside Obj.update throws', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, {
         name: 'John',
         fields: [{ label: 'tag1', value: 'val1' }],
@@ -421,33 +421,33 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       expect(() => {
         // @ts-expect-error Testing runtime error for readonly array mutation.
         obj.fields!.splice(0, 1);
-      }).toThrow(/array\.splice\(\).*outside of Obj\.change/);
+      }).toThrow(/array\.splice\(\).*outside of Obj\.update/);
     });
   });
 
   describe('property delete', () => {
-    test('delete property within Obj.change', ({ expect }) => {
+    test('delete property within Obj.update', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, { name: 'John', age: 25 });
 
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         delete obj.age;
       });
 
       expect(obj.age).toBeUndefined();
     });
 
-    test('delete property outside Obj.change throws', ({ expect }) => {
+    test('delete property outside Obj.update throws', ({ expect }) => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, { name: 'John', age: 25 });
 
       expect(() => {
         // @ts-expect-error Testing runtime error for readonly property delete.
         delete obj.age;
-      }).toThrow(/delete object property.*outside of Obj\.change/);
+      }).toThrow(/delete object property.*outside of Obj\.update/);
     });
   });
 
   describe('Relation mutators', () => {
-    test('Relation.getMeta is mutable inside Relation.change', ({ expect }) => {
+    test('Relation.getMeta is mutable inside Relation.update', ({ expect }) => {
       const source = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, { name: 'Alice' });
       const target = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, { name: 'Bob' });
       const rel = Relation.make(TestSchema.HasManager, {
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
         [Relation.Target]: target,
       });
 
-      Relation.change(rel, (rel) => {
+      Relation.update(rel, (rel) => {
         const meta = Relation.getMeta(rel);
         meta.tags = ['rel-tag'];
         meta.keys.push({ source: 'rel-source', id: 'rel-key' });
@@ -473,13 +473,13 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
         [Relation.Target]: target,
       });
 
-      Relation.change(rel, (rel) => {
+      Relation.update(rel, (rel) => {
         Relation.addTag(rel, 'important');
       });
 
       expect(Relation.getMeta(rel).tags).toContain('important');
 
-      Relation.change(rel, (rel) => {
+      Relation.update(rel, (rel) => {
         Relation.removeTag(rel, 'important');
       });
 
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
 
       // Direct assignment of root ECHO objects (created with Obj.make) is not allowed.
       expect(() => {
-        Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+        Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
           obj.other = other;
         });
       }).toThrow(/Object references must be wrapped with `Ref\.make`/);
@@ -504,13 +504,13 @@ describe('Obj.change enforcement', () => {
       const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Expando, {});
 
       // Assign a plain object (not created with Obj.make).
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         obj.nested = { value: 'initial' };
       });
       expect(obj.nested.value).toBe('initial');
 
       // Modify plain nested object through parent's change context.
-      Obj.change(obj, (obj) => {
+      Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
         obj.nested.value = 'modified';
       });
       expect(obj.nested.value).toBe('modified');

package/src/internal/common/proxy/errors.ts

@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
 //
 
 /**
- * Error thrown when attempting to mutate an object outside of an Obj.change() context.
+ * Error thrown when attempting to mutate an object outside of an Obj.update() context.
  */
 export class MutationOutsideChangeContextError extends Error {
   constructor(operation: string, suggestion: string) {
     super(
-      `Cannot ${operation} outside of Obj.change(). Use Obj.change(obj, (mutableObj) => { ${suggestion} }) instead.`,
+      `Cannot ${operation} outside of Obj.update(). Use Obj.update(obj, (mutableObj) => { ${suggestion} }) instead.`,
     );
     this.name = 'MutationOutsideChangeContextError';
   }

package/src/internal/common/proxy/reactive-array.ts

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ const checkArrayMutationAllowed = (arr: any, method: string): void => {
 
 /**
  * Extends the native array to make sure that arrays methods are correctly reactive.
- * Enforces that mutations only happen within Obj.change() context.
+ * Enforces that mutations only happen within Obj.update() context.
  */
 export class ReactiveArray<T> extends Array<T> {
   static override get [Symbol.species]() {

package/src/internal/common/proxy/reactive.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2026 DXOS.org
+//
+
+import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest';
+
+import * as Obj from '../../../Obj';
+import { TestSchema } from '../../../testing';
+
+describe('Obj.subscribe', () => {
+  test('subscribes and fires for reactive proxies', () => {
+    const obj = Obj.make(TestSchema.Person, { name: 'Test' });
+    let calls = 0;
+    const unsubscribe = Obj.subscribe(obj, () => {
+      calls++;
+    });
+
+    Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
+      obj.name = 'Updated';
+    });
+    expect(calls).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+    unsubscribe();
+    const seen = calls;
+    Obj.update(obj, (obj) => {
+      obj.name = 'After unsubscribe';
+    });
+    expect(calls).toBe(seen);
+  });
+
+  // Regression: queue-stored typed objects (e.g. ContextBinding) and other Obj-shaped values
+  // satisfy `Obj.isObject` (KindId is set) but are not wrapped in a reactive Proxy. Earlier
+  // versions invariant'd inside `getProxyTarget` when an atom body did `Obj.subscribe(obj)` on
+  // such an input. The contract is "no-op for non-reactive inputs"; verify the function
+  // returns gracefully instead of throwing.
+  test('returns a no-op unsubscribe for non-proxy inputs', () => {
+    const queueShaped: any = {
+      id: '01KQ5NKXJWSKMRPVTVG2GHV8V3',
+      blueprints: { added: [], removed: [] },
+      objects: { added: [], removed: [] },
+    };
+    const unsubscribe = Obj.subscribe(queueShaped, () => {});
+    expect(typeof unsubscribe).toBe('function');
+    expect(() => unsubscribe()).not.toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test('returns a no-op unsubscribe for primitives, null, and undefined', () => {
+    for (const value of [null, undefined, 42, 'string', true]) {
+      const unsubscribe = Obj.subscribe(value as any, () => {});
+      expect(typeof unsubscribe).toBe('function');
+      expect(() => unsubscribe()).not.toThrow();
+    }
+  });
+});

package/src/internal/common/proxy/reactive.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 
 import { type RefTypeId } from '../../Ref/ref';
-import { getProxyTarget } from './proxy-utils';
+import { getProxyTarget, isProxy } from './proxy-utils';
 import { ChangeId, EventId } from './symbols';
 
 /**
@@ -14,6 +14,15 @@ import { ChangeId, EventId } from './symbols';
  */
 // TODO(wittjosiah): Consider throwing if obj doesn't have EventId instead of returning no-op.
 export const subscribe = (obj: unknown, callback: () => void): (() => void) => {
+  // Guard against non-reactive inputs (queue-stored typed objects, snapshots, plain shapes
+  // with branded symbols) before `getProxyTarget`'s `ProxyHandlerSlot` invariant kicks in.
+  // `Obj.isObject` (KindId-based) is satisfied by these inputs, so callers like
+  // `Atom.family((obj) => Atom.make((get) => Obj.subscribe(obj, ...)))` legitimately reach
+  // here with a non-proxy. Falling back to a no-op preserves the documented contract that
+  // values without subscription support get a no-op unsubscribe.
+  if (!isProxy(obj)) {
+    return () => {};
+  }
   const target = getProxyTarget(obj as any);
   if (target && EventId in target) {
     return (target as any)[EventId].on(callback);
@@ -23,7 +32,7 @@ export const subscribe = (obj: unknown, callback: () => void): (() => void) => {
 
 /**
  * Deeply removes readonly modifiers from all properties of T.
- * Inside Obj.change, all properties are fully mutable regardless of schema definition.
+ * Inside Obj.update, all properties are fully mutable regardless of schema definition.
  * Ref types are preserved as-is since they are value-like objects that are replaced, not mutated.
  * Primitive types (including branded primitives) are preserved as-is.
  */

package/src/internal/common/proxy/typed-handler.ts

@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ export class TypedReactiveHandler implements ReactiveHandler<ProxyTarget> {
   set(target: ProxyTarget, prop: string | symbol, value: any, receiver: any): boolean {
     const echoRoot = getEchoRoot(target);
 
-    // Check readonly enforcement - mutations only allowed within Obj.change().
+    // Check readonly enforcement - mutations only allowed within Obj.update().
     // Skip check if the object is still being initialized (no ChangeId handler yet).
     // Also skip for non-initialized root objects (those without EventId).
     // Skip for symbol properties (internal infrastructure, not user data).
@@ -234,8 +234,8 @@ export class TypedReactiveHandler implements ReactiveHandler<ProxyTarget> {
     const isSymbolProp = typeof prop === 'symbol';
     if (isInitialized && !isSymbolProp && !isInChangeContext(echoRoot)) {
       throw new Error(
-        `Cannot modify object property "${String(prop)}" outside of Obj.change(). ` +
-          'Use Obj.change(obj, (mutableObj) => { mutableObj.property = value; }) instead.',
+        `Cannot modify object property "${String(prop)}" outside of Obj.update(). ` +
+          'Use Obj.update(obj, (mutableObj) => { mutableObj.property = value; }) instead.',
       );
     }
 
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ export class TypedReactiveHandler implements ReactiveHandler<ProxyTarget> {
   deleteProperty(target: ProxyTarget, property: string | symbol): boolean {
     const echoRoot = getEchoRoot(target);
 
-    // Check readonly enforcement - mutations only allowed within Obj.change().
+    // Check readonly enforcement - mutations only allowed within Obj.update().
     // Skip for symbol properties (internal infrastructure, not user data).
     const isInitialized = (echoRoot as any)[ChangeId] === true || EventId in echoRoot;
     const isSymbolProp = typeof property === 'symbol';
@@ -283,15 +283,15 @@ export class TypedReactiveHandler implements ReactiveHandler<ProxyTarget> {
   defineProperty(target: ProxyTarget, property: string | symbol, attributes: PropertyDescriptor): boolean {
     const echoRoot = getEchoRoot(target);
 
-    // Check readonly enforcement - mutations only allowed within Obj.change().
+    // Check readonly enforcement - mutations only allowed within Obj.update().
     // Skip check if the object is still being initialized (no ChangeId handler yet).
     // Skip for symbol properties (internal infrastructure, not user data).
     const isInitialized = ChangeId in echoRoot || EventId in echoRoot;
     const isSymbolProp = typeof property === 'symbol';
     if (isInitialized && !isSymbolProp && !isInChangeContext(echoRoot)) {
       throw new Error(
-        `Cannot modify object property "${String(property)}" outside of Obj.change(). ` +
-          'Use Obj.change(obj, (mutableObj) => { mutableObj.property = value; }) instead.',
+        `Cannot modify object property "${String(property)}" outside of Obj.update(). ` +
+          'Use Obj.update(obj, (mutableObj) => { mutableObj.property = value; }) instead.',
       );
     }
 

package/src/internal/common/proxy/typed-object.test.ts

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ describe('EchoObjectSchema class DSL', () => {
     }
 
     {
-      // Plain object (not a reactive proxy) - doesn't need Obj.change.
+      // Plain object (not a reactive proxy) - doesn't need Obj.update.
       // Note: Schema.Schema.Type generates readonly types, so we cast to mutable for plain objects.
       type Test1 = Types.Mutable<Schema.Schema.Type<typeof schema>>;