@dxos/echo 0.8.4-main.67995b8 → 0.8.4-main.69d29f4

package/src/internal/json-schema/json-schema.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2024 DXOS.org
+//
+
+import * as Array from 'effect/Array';
+import * as Function from 'effect/Function';
+import * as JSONSchema from 'effect/JSONSchema';
+import * as Option from 'effect/Option';
+import * as Schema from 'effect/Schema';
+import * as SchemaAST from 'effect/SchemaAST';
+import type * as Types from 'effect/Types';
+
+import { raise } from '@dxos/debug';
+import { mapAst } from '@dxos/effect';
+import { assertArgument, invariant } from '@dxos/invariant';
+import { DXN, ObjectId } from '@dxos/keys';
+import { log } from '@dxos/log';
+import { clearUndefined, orderKeys, removeProperties } from '@dxos/util';
+
+import {
+  type TypeAnnotation,
+  TypeAnnotationId,
+  TypeIdentifierAnnotationId,
+  makeTypeJsonSchemaAnnotation,
+} from '../annotations';
+import { type JsonSchemaReferenceInfo, createEchoReferenceSchema } from '../ref';
+import { ANY_OBJECT_TYPENAME, ANY_OBJECT_VERSION, EntityKind, EntityKindSchema } from '../types';
+
+import { CustomAnnotations, DecodedAnnotations, EchoAnnotations } from './annotations';
+import {
+  ECHO_ANNOTATIONS_NS_DEPRECATED_KEY,
+  ECHO_ANNOTATIONS_NS_KEY,
+  type JsonSchemaEchoAnnotations,
+  type JsonSchemaType,
+  getNormalizedEchoAnnotations,
+} from './json-schema-type';
+
+// TODO(burdon): Are these values stored (can they be changed?)
+export enum PropType {
+  NONE = 0,
+  STRING = 1, // TODO(burdon): vs TEXT?
+  NUMBER = 2,
+  BOOLEAN = 3,
+  DATE = 4,
+  REF = 5,
+  RECORD = 6,
+  ENUM = 7,
+}
+
+// TODO(burdon): Reconcile with @dxos/schema.
+export const toPropType = (type?: PropType): string => {
+  switch (type) {
+    case PropType.STRING:
+      return 'string';
+    case PropType.NUMBER:
+      return 'number';
+    case PropType.BOOLEAN:
+      return 'boolean';
+    case PropType.DATE:
+      return 'date';
+    case PropType.REF:
+      return 'ref';
+    case PropType.RECORD:
+      return 'object';
+    default:
+      throw new Error(`Invalid type: ${type}`);
+  }
+};
+
+const JSON_SCHEMA_URL = 'http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#';
+
+export type JsonSchemaOptions = {
+  strict?: boolean;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Convert effect schema to JSON Schema.
+ * NOTE: This handles custom annotations.
+ * @param schema
+ */
+// TODO(burdon): Reconcile with possibly extending @effect/Schema/JSONSchema
+//  We add additional propertyOrder (but the object properties ARE ordered); and type "string" for literals.
+// TODO(wittjosiah): This is mutable because its a pojo, perhaps should be left as readonly at type level though?
+export const toJsonSchema = (
+  schema: Schema.Schema.All,
+  options: JsonSchemaOptions = {},
+): Types.DeepMutable<JsonSchemaType> => {
+  assertArgument(Schema.isSchema(schema), 'schema');
+  let jsonSchema = _toJsonSchemaAST(schema.ast);
+  if (options.strict) {
+    // TOOD(burdon): Workaround to ensure JSON schema is valid (for agv parsing).
+    jsonSchema = removeProperties(jsonSchema, (key, value) => {
+      if (key === '$id' && value === '/schemas/any') {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (key === '$ref' && value === '#/$defs/dependency') {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (key === '$ref' && value === '#/$defs/jsonSchema') {
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      return false;
+    });
+  }
+
+  return jsonSchema;
+};
+
+const _toJsonSchemaAST = (ast: SchemaAST.AST): Types.DeepMutable<JsonSchemaType> => {
+  const withRefinements = withEchoRefinements(ast, '#');
+  const jsonSchema = JSONSchema.fromAST(withRefinements, {
+    definitions: {},
+  }) as Types.DeepMutable<JsonSchemaType>;
+
+  return normalizeJsonSchema(jsonSchema);
+};
+
+const withEchoRefinements = (
+  ast: SchemaAST.AST,
+  path: string | undefined,
+  suspendCache = new Map<SchemaAST.AST, string>(),
+): SchemaAST.AST => {
+  if (path) {
+    suspendCache.set(ast, path);
+  }
+
+  let recursiveResult: SchemaAST.AST;
+  if (SchemaAST.isSuspend(ast)) {
+    // Precompute JSON schema for suspended AST since effect serializer does not support it.
+    const suspendedAst = ast.f();
+    const cachedPath = suspendCache.get(suspendedAst);
+    if (cachedPath) {
+      recursiveResult = new SchemaAST.Suspend(() => withEchoRefinements(suspendedAst, path, suspendCache), {
+        [SchemaAST.JSONSchemaAnnotationId]: {
+          $ref: cachedPath,
+        },
+      });
+    } else {
+      const jsonSchema = _toJsonSchemaAST(suspendedAst);
+      recursiveResult = new SchemaAST.Suspend(() => withEchoRefinements(suspendedAst, path, suspendCache), {
+        [SchemaAST.JSONSchemaAnnotationId]: jsonSchema,
+      });
+    }
+  } else if (SchemaAST.isTypeLiteral(ast)) {
+    // Add property order annotations
+    recursiveResult = mapAst(ast, (ast, key) =>
+      withEchoRefinements(ast, path && typeof key === 'string' ? `${path}/${key}` : undefined, suspendCache),
+    );
+    recursiveResult = addJsonSchemaFields(recursiveResult, {
+      propertyOrder: [...ast.propertySignatures.map((p) => p.name)] as string[],
+    });
+  } else if (SchemaAST.isUndefinedKeyword(ast)) {
+    // Ignore undefined keyword that appears in the optional fields.
+    return ast;
+  } else {
+    recursiveResult = mapAst(ast, (ast, key) =>
+      withEchoRefinements(
+        ast,
+        path && (typeof key === 'string' || typeof key === 'number') ? `${path}/${key}` : undefined,
+        suspendCache,
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
+  const annotationFields = annotations_toJsonSchemaFields(ast.annotations);
+  if (Object.keys(annotationFields).length === 0) {
+    return recursiveResult;
+  } else {
+    return addJsonSchemaFields(recursiveResult, annotationFields);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Convert JSON schema to effect schema.
+ * @param root
+ * @param definitions
+ */
+export const toEffectSchema = (root: JsonSchemaType, _defs?: JsonSchemaType['$defs']): Schema.Schema.AnyNoContext => {
+  const defs = root.$defs ? { ..._defs, ...root.$defs } : (_defs ?? {});
+  if ('type' in root && root.type === 'object') {
+    return objectToEffectSchema(root, defs);
+  }
+
+  let result: Schema.Schema.AnyNoContext = Schema.Unknown;
+  if ('$ref' in root) {
+    switch (root.$ref) {
+      case '/schemas/echo/ref': {
+        result = refToEffectSchema(root);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  } else if ('$id' in root) {
+    switch (root.$id as string) {
+      case '/schemas/any': {
+        result = anyToEffectSchema(root as JSONSchema.JsonSchema7Any);
+        break;
+      }
+      case '/schemas/unknown': {
+        result = Schema.Unknown;
+        break;
+      }
+      case '/schemas/{}':
+      case '/schemas/object': {
+        result = Schema.Object;
+        break;
+      }
+      // Custom ECHO object reference.
+      case '/schemas/echo/ref': {
+        result = refToEffectSchema(root);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  } else if ('enum' in root) {
+    result = Schema.Union(...root.enum!.map((e) => Schema.Literal(e)));
+  } else if ('oneOf' in root) {
+    result = Schema.Union(...root.oneOf!.map((v) => toEffectSchema(v, defs)));
+  } else if ('anyOf' in root) {
+    result = Schema.Union(...root.anyOf!.map((v) => toEffectSchema(v, defs)));
+  } else if ('allOf' in root) {
+    if (root.allOf!.length === 1) {
+      result = toEffectSchema(root.allOf![0], defs);
+    } else {
+      log.warn('allOf with multiple schemas is not supported');
+      result = Schema.Unknown;
+    }
+  } else if ('type' in root) {
+    switch (root.type) {
+      case 'string': {
+        result = Schema.String;
+        if (root.pattern) {
+          result = result.pipe(Schema.pattern(new RegExp(root.pattern)));
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'number': {
+        result = Schema.Number;
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'integer': {
+        result = Schema.Number.pipe(Schema.int());
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'boolean': {
+        result = Schema.Boolean;
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'array': {
+        if (Array.isArray(root.items)) {
+          const [required, optional] = Function.pipe(
+            root.items,
+            Array.map((v) => toEffectSchema(v as JsonSchemaType, defs)),
+            Array.splitAt(root.minItems ?? root.items.length),
+          );
+          result = Schema.Tuple(...required, ...optional.map(Schema.optionalElement));
+        } else {
+          invariant(root.items);
+          const items = root.items;
+          result = Array.isArray(items)
+            ? Schema.Tuple(...items.map((v) => toEffectSchema(v as JsonSchemaType, defs)))
+            : Schema.Array(toEffectSchema(items as JsonSchemaType, defs));
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'null': {
+        result = Schema.Null;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  } else if ('$ref' in root) {
+    const refSegments = root.$ref!.split('/');
+    const jsonSchema = defs[refSegments[refSegments.length - 1]];
+    invariant(jsonSchema, `missing definition for ${root.$ref}`);
+    result = toEffectSchema(jsonSchema, defs).pipe(
+      Schema.annotations({ identifier: refSegments[refSegments.length - 1] }),
+    );
+  }
+
+  const annotations = jsonSchemaFieldsToAnnotations(root);
+
+  // log.info('toEffectSchema', { root, annotations });
+  result = result.annotations(annotations);
+
+  return result;
+};
+
+const objectToEffectSchema = (root: JsonSchemaType, defs: JsonSchemaType['$defs']): Schema.Schema.AnyNoContext => {
+  invariant('type' in root && root.type === 'object', `not an object: ${root}`);
+
+  const echoRefinement: JsonSchemaEchoAnnotations = (root as any)[ECHO_ANNOTATIONS_NS_DEPRECATED_KEY];
+  const isEchoObject =
+    echoRefinement != null || ('$id' in root && typeof root.$id === 'string' && root.$id.startsWith('dxn:'));
+
+  let fields: Schema.Struct.Fields = {};
+  const propertyList = Object.entries(root.properties ?? {});
+  let immutableIdField: Schema.Schema.AnyNoContext | undefined;
+  for (const [key, value] of propertyList) {
+    if (isEchoObject && key === 'id') {
+      immutableIdField = toEffectSchema(value, defs);
+    } else {
+      // TODO(burdon): Mutable cast.
+      (fields as any)[key] = root.required?.includes(key)
+        ? toEffectSchema(value, defs)
+        : Schema.optional(toEffectSchema(value, defs));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (root.propertyOrder) {
+    fields = orderKeys(fields, root.propertyOrder as any);
+  }
+
+  let schema: Schema.Schema<any, any, unknown>;
+  if (root.patternProperties) {
+    invariant(propertyList.length === 0, 'pattern properties mixed with regular properties are not supported');
+    invariant(
+      Object.keys(root.patternProperties).length === 1 && Object.keys(root.patternProperties)[0] === '',
+      'only one pattern property is supported',
+    );
+
+    schema = Schema.Record({ key: Schema.String, value: toEffectSchema(root.patternProperties[''], defs) });
+  } else if (typeof root.additionalProperties !== 'object') {
+    schema = Schema.Struct(fields);
+  } else {
+    const indexValue = toEffectSchema(root.additionalProperties, defs);
+    if (propertyList.length > 0) {
+      schema = Schema.Struct(fields, { key: Schema.String, value: indexValue });
+    } else {
+      schema = Schema.Record({ key: Schema.String, value: indexValue });
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (immutableIdField) {
+    schema = Schema.extend(schema, Schema.Struct({ id: immutableIdField }));
+  }
+
+  const annotations = jsonSchemaFieldsToAnnotations(root);
+  return schema.annotations(annotations) as any;
+};
+
+const anyToEffectSchema = (root: JSONSchema.JsonSchema7Any): Schema.Schema.AnyNoContext => {
+  const echoRefinement: JsonSchemaEchoAnnotations = (root as any)[ECHO_ANNOTATIONS_NS_DEPRECATED_KEY];
+  // TODO(dmaretskyi): Is this branch still taken?
+  if ((echoRefinement as any)?.reference != null) {
+    const echoId = root.$id.startsWith('dxn:echo:') ? root.$id : undefined;
+    return createEchoReferenceSchema(
+      echoId,
+      (echoRefinement as any).reference.typename,
+      (echoRefinement as any).reference.version,
+    );
+  }
+
+  return Schema.Any;
+};
+
+// TODO(dmaretskyi): Types.
+const refToEffectSchema = (root: any): Schema.Schema.AnyNoContext => {
+  if (!('reference' in root)) {
+    // Fallback to generic object ref when no reference info is provided.
+    return createEchoReferenceSchema(undefined, ANY_OBJECT_TYPENAME, ANY_OBJECT_VERSION);
+  }
+
+  const reference: JsonSchemaReferenceInfo = root.reference;
+  if (typeof reference !== 'object') {
+    throw new Error('Invalid reference field in ref schema');
+  }
+
+  const targetSchemaDXN = DXN.parse(reference.schema.$ref);
+  invariant(targetSchemaDXN.kind === DXN.kind.TYPE);
+
+  return createEchoReferenceSchema(
+    targetSchemaDXN.toString(),
+    targetSchemaDXN.kind === DXN.kind.TYPE ? targetSchemaDXN.parts[0] : undefined,
+    reference.schemaVersion,
+  );
+};
+
+//
+// Annotations
+//
+
+const annotations_toJsonSchemaFields = (annotations: SchemaAST.Annotations): Record<symbol, any> => {
+  const schemaFields: Record<string, any> = {};
+
+  const echoAnnotations: Types.Mutable<JsonSchemaEchoAnnotations> = {};
+  for (const [key, annotationId] of Object.entries(EchoAnnotations)) {
+    if (annotations[annotationId] != null) {
+      echoAnnotations[key as keyof JsonSchemaEchoAnnotations] = annotations[annotationId] as any;
+    }
+  }
+  if (Object.keys(echoAnnotations).length > 0) {
+    // TODO(dmaretskyi): use new namespace.
+    schemaFields[ECHO_ANNOTATIONS_NS_KEY] = echoAnnotations;
+  }
+
+  const echoIdentifier = annotations[TypeIdentifierAnnotationId];
+  if (echoIdentifier) {
+    schemaFields[ECHO_ANNOTATIONS_NS_KEY] ??= {};
+    schemaFields[ECHO_ANNOTATIONS_NS_KEY].schemaId = echoIdentifier;
+  }
+
+  // Custom (at end).
+  for (const [key, annotationId] of Object.entries(CustomAnnotations)) {
+    const value = annotations[annotationId];
+    if (value != null) {
+      schemaFields[key] = value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return schemaFields;
+};
+
+const decodeTypeIdentifierAnnotation = (schema: JsonSchemaType): string | undefined => {
+  // Limit to dxn:echo: URIs.
+  if (schema.$id && schema.$id.startsWith('dxn:echo:')) {
+    return schema.$id;
+  } else if (schema.$id && schema.$id.startsWith('dxn:type:') && schema?.echo?.type?.schemaId) {
+    const id = schema?.echo?.type?.schemaId;
+    if (ObjectId.isValid(id)) {
+      return DXN.fromLocalObjectId(id).toString();
+    }
+  }
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+const decodeTypeAnnotation = (schema: JsonSchemaType): TypeAnnotation | undefined => {
+  if (schema.typename) {
+    const annotation: Types.Mutable<TypeAnnotation> = {
+      // TODO(dmaretskyi): Decoding default.
+      kind: schema.entityKind ? Schema.decodeSync(EntityKindSchema)(schema.entityKind) : EntityKind.Object,
+      typename: schema.typename,
+      version: schema.version ?? '0.1.0',
+    };
+
+    if (annotation.kind === EntityKind.Relation) {
+      const source = schema.relationSource?.$ref ?? raise(new Error('Relation source not set'));
+      const target = schema.relationTarget?.$ref ?? raise(new Error('Relation target not set'));
+      annotation.sourceSchema = DXN.parse(source).toString();
+      annotation.targetSchema = DXN.parse(target).toString();
+    }
+
+    return annotation;
+  }
+
+  // Decode legacy schema.
+  if (!schema.typename && schema?.echo?.type) {
+    return {
+      kind: EntityKind.Object,
+      typename: schema.echo.type.typename,
+      version: schema.echo.type.version,
+    };
+  }
+
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+const jsonSchemaFieldsToAnnotations = (schema: JsonSchemaType): SchemaAST.Annotations => {
+  const annotations: Types.Mutable<Schema.Annotations.Schema<any>> = {};
+
+  const echoAnnotations: JsonSchemaEchoAnnotations = getNormalizedEchoAnnotations(schema) ?? {};
+  if (echoAnnotations) {
+    for (const [key, annotationId] of Object.entries(EchoAnnotations)) {
+      if (echoAnnotations[key as keyof JsonSchemaEchoAnnotations]) {
+        annotations[annotationId] = echoAnnotations[key as keyof JsonSchemaEchoAnnotations];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  annotations[TypeIdentifierAnnotationId] = decodeTypeIdentifierAnnotation(schema);
+  const typeAnnotation = decodeTypeAnnotation(schema);
+  if (typeAnnotation) {
+    annotations[TypeAnnotationId] = typeAnnotation;
+    annotations[SchemaAST.JSONSchemaAnnotationId] = makeTypeJsonSchemaAnnotation({
+      kind: typeAnnotation.kind,
+      typename: typeAnnotation.typename,
+      version: typeAnnotation.version,
+      relationSource: typeAnnotation.sourceSchema,
+      relationTarget: typeAnnotation.targetSchema,
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Custom (at end).
+  for (const [key, annotationId] of Object.entries({ ...CustomAnnotations, ...DecodedAnnotations })) {
+    if (key in schema) {
+      annotations[annotationId] = (schema as any)[key];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return clearUndefined(annotations);
+};
+
+const makeAnnotatedRefinement = (ast: SchemaAST.AST, annotations: SchemaAST.Annotations): SchemaAST.Refinement => {
+  return new SchemaAST.Refinement(ast, () => Option.none(), annotations);
+};
+
+const addJsonSchemaFields = (ast: SchemaAST.AST, schema: JsonSchemaType): SchemaAST.AST =>
+  makeAnnotatedRefinement(ast, { [SchemaAST.JSONSchemaAnnotationId]: schema });
+
+/**
+ * Fixes field order.
+ * Sets `$schema` prop.
+ */
+const normalizeJsonSchema = (jsonSchema: Types.DeepMutable<JsonSchemaType>): Types.DeepMutable<JsonSchemaType> => {
+  if (jsonSchema.properties && 'id' in jsonSchema.properties) {
+    jsonSchema.properties = orderKeys(jsonSchema.properties, ['id']); // Put id first.
+  }
+
+  // TODO(dmaretskyi): Makes sure undefined is not left on optional fields for the resulting object.
+  jsonSchema.$schema = JSON_SCHEMA_URL;
+  jsonSchema = orderKeys(jsonSchema, [
+    '$schema',
+    '$id',
+
+    'entityKind',
+    'typename',
+    'version',
+    'relationTarget',
+    'relationSource',
+
+    'type',
+    'enum',
+
+    'properties',
+    'required',
+    'propertyOrder', // Custom.
+    'items',
+    'additionalProperties',
+
+    'anyOf',
+    'oneOf',
+  ]);
+  return jsonSchema;
+};

package/src/internal/object/clone.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2026 DXOS.org
+//
+
+import { invariant } from '@dxos/invariant';
+import { deepMapValues } from '@dxos/util';
+
+import type * as Obj from '../../Obj';
+import { makeObject } from '../proxy';
+import { Ref } from '../ref';
+import { getMeta, getSchema } from '../types';
+
+/**
+ * Clones an object or relation.
+ * This does not clone referenced objects, only the properties in the object.
+ * @returns A new object with the same schema and properties.
+ */
+export const clone = <T extends Obj.Any>(obj: T, opts?: Obj.CloneOptions): T => {
+  const { id, ...data } = obj;
+  const schema = getSchema(obj);
+  invariant(schema != null, 'Object should have a schema');
+  const props: any = deepMapValues(data, (value, recurse) => {
+    if (Ref.isRef(value)) {
+      if (opts?.deep) {
+        // TODO(dmaretskyi): Will break on circular references.
+        return Ref.make(clone(value.target!, opts));
+      }
+      return value;
+    }
+    return recurse(value);
+  });
+
+  if (opts?.retainId) {
+    props.id = id;
+  }
+  const meta = deepMapValues(getMeta(obj), (value, recurse) => {
+    if (Ref.isRef(value)) {
+      if (opts?.deep) {
+        // TODO(dmaretskyi): Will break on circular references.
+        return Ref.make(clone(value.target!, opts));
+      }
+      return value;
+    }
+    return recurse(value);
+  });
+
+  return makeObject(schema, props, meta);
+};

package/src/internal/object/common.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2025 DXOS.org
+//
+
+import * as Schema from 'effect/Schema';
+
+import { getTypename } from '../annotations';
+import { type AnyProperties } from '../types';
+
+// TODO(dmaretskyi): Rename to represent commonality between objects and relations (e.g. `entity`).
+export type TypedObjectOptions = {
+  // TODO(burdon): Document.
+  partial?: true;
+  // TODO(burdon): Document.
+  record?: true;
+};
+
+/**
+ *
+ */
+// TODO(burdon): Comment required.
+// TODO(dmaretskyi): Rename to represent commonality between objects and relations (e.g. `entity`).
+type SimplifiedSchemaFields<
+  SchemaFields extends Schema.Struct.Fields,
+  Options extends TypedObjectOptions,
+> = Options['partial'] extends boolean
+  ? Schema.SimplifyMutable<Partial<Schema.Struct.Type<SchemaFields>>>
+  : Schema.SimplifyMutable<Schema.Struct.Type<SchemaFields>>;
+
+/**
+ *
+ */
+// TODO(burdon): Comment required.
+// TODO(dmaretskyi): Rename to represent commonality between objects and relations (e.g. `entity`).
+export type TypedObjectFields<
+  SchemaFields extends Schema.Struct.Fields,
+  Options extends TypedObjectOptions,
+> = SimplifiedSchemaFields<SchemaFields, Options> & { id: string } & (Options['record'] extends boolean
+    ? Schema.SimplifyMutable<Schema.IndexSignature.Type<Schema.IndexSignature.Records>>
+    : {});
+
+export const makeTypedEntityClass = (
+  typename: string,
+  version: string,
+  baseSchema: Schema.Schema.AnyNoContext,
+): Schema.SchemaClass<any> => {
+  return class {
+    // Implement TypedObject properties.
+    static readonly typename = typename;
+    static readonly version = version;
+
+    // Implement Schema.Schema properties.
+    // TODO(burdon): Comment required.
+    static readonly [Schema.TypeId] = schemaVariance;
+    static readonly ast = baseSchema.ast;
+    static readonly annotations = baseSchema.annotations.bind(baseSchema);
+    static readonly pipe = baseSchema.pipe.bind(baseSchema);
+
+    // TODO(burdon): Comment required.
+    static [Symbol.hasInstance](obj: AnyProperties) {
+      return obj != null && getTypename(obj) === typename;
+    }
+
+    // TODO(burdon): Throw APIError.
+    private constructor() {
+      throw new Error('Use live(Typename, { ...fields }) to instantiate an object.');
+    }
+  } as any;
+};
+
+const schemaVariance = {
+  _A: (_: any) => _,
+  _I: (_: any) => _,
+  _R: (_: never) => _,
+};