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+# [SheetJS](https://sheetjs.com)
+
+The SheetJS Community Edition offers battle-tested open-source solutions for
+extracting useful data from almost any complex spreadsheet and generating new
+spreadsheets that will work with legacy and modern software alike.
+
+[SheetJS Pro](https://sheetjs.com/pro) offers solutions beyond data processing:
+Edit complex templates with ease; let out your inner Picasso with styling; make
+custom sheets with images/graphs/PivotTables; evaluate formula expressions and
+port calculations to web apps; automate common spreadsheet tasks, and much more!
+
+![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/SheetJS/sheetjs)
+[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/sheetjs/sheetjs/Tests:%20node.js)](https://github.com/SheetJS/sheetjs/actions)
+[![Snyk Vulnerabilities](https://img.shields.io/snyk/vulnerabilities/github/SheetJS/sheetjs)](https://snyk.io/test/github/SheetJS/sheetjs)
+[![npm Downloads](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/xlsx.svg)](https://npmjs.org/package/xlsx)
+[![Analytics](https://ga-beacon.appspot.com/UA-36810333-1/SheetJS/sheetjs?pixel)](https://github.com/SheetJS/sheetjs)
+
+[**Browser Test and Support Matrix**](https://oss.sheetjs.com/sheetjs/tests/)
+
+[![Build Status](https://saucelabs.com/browser-matrix/sheetjs.svg)](https://saucelabs.com/u/sheetjs)
+
+**Supported File Formats**
+
+![circo graph of format support](formats.png)
+
+![graph legend](legend.png)
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Expand to show Table of Contents</b></summary>
+
+<!-- toc -->
+
+- [Getting Started](#getting-started)
+  * [Installation](#installation)
+  * [Usage](#usage)
+  * [The Zen of SheetJS](#the-zen-of-sheetjs)
+  * [JS Ecosystem Demos](#js-ecosystem-demos)
+- [Acquiring and Extracting Data](#acquiring-and-extracting-data)
+  * [Parsing Workbooks](#parsing-workbooks)
+  * [Processing JSON and JS Data](#processing-json-and-js-data)
+  * [Processing HTML Tables](#processing-html-tables)
+- [Processing Data](#processing-data)
+  * [Modifying Workbook Structure](#modifying-workbook-structure)
+  * [Modifying Cell Values](#modifying-cell-values)
+  * [Modifying Other Worksheet / Workbook / Cell Properties](#modifying-other-worksheet--workbook--cell-properties)
+- [Packaging and Releasing Data](#packaging-and-releasing-data)
+  * [Writing Workbooks](#writing-workbooks)
+  * [Writing Examples](#writing-examples)
+  * [Streaming Write](#streaming-write)
+  * [Generating JSON and JS Data](#generating-json-and-js-data)
+  * [Generating HTML Tables](#generating-html-tables)
+  * [Generating Single-Worksheet Snapshots](#generating-single-worksheet-snapshots)
+- [Interface](#interface)
+  * [Parsing functions](#parsing-functions)
+  * [Writing functions](#writing-functions)
+  * [Utilities](#utilities)
+- [Common Spreadsheet Format](#common-spreadsheet-format)
+  * [General Structures](#general-structures)
+  * [Cell Object](#cell-object)
+    + [Data Types](#data-types)
+    + [Dates](#dates)
+  * [Sheet Objects](#sheet-objects)
+    + [Worksheet Object](#worksheet-object)
+    + [Chartsheet Object](#chartsheet-object)
+    + [Macrosheet Object](#macrosheet-object)
+    + [Dialogsheet Object](#dialogsheet-object)
+  * [Workbook Object](#workbook-object)
+    + [Workbook File Properties](#workbook-file-properties)
+  * [Workbook-Level Attributes](#workbook-level-attributes)
+    + [Defined Names](#defined-names)
+    + [Workbook Views](#workbook-views)
+    + [Miscellaneous Workbook Properties](#miscellaneous-workbook-properties)
+  * [Document Features](#document-features)
+    + [Formulae](#formulae)
+    + [Row and Column Properties](#row-and-column-properties)
+    + [Number Formats](#number-formats)
+    + [Hyperlinks](#hyperlinks)
+    + [Cell Comments](#cell-comments)
+    + [Sheet Visibility](#sheet-visibility)
+    + [VBA and Macros](#vba-and-macros)
+- [Parsing Options](#parsing-options)
+  * [Input Type](#input-type)
+  * [Guessing File Type](#guessing-file-type)
+- [Writing Options](#writing-options)
+  * [Supported Output Formats](#supported-output-formats)
+  * [Output Type](#output-type)
+- [Utility Functions](#utility-functions)
+  * [Array of Arrays Input](#array-of-arrays-input)
+  * [Array of Objects Input](#array-of-objects-input)
+  * [HTML Table Input](#html-table-input)
+  * [Formulae Output](#formulae-output)
+  * [Delimiter-Separated Output](#delimiter-separated-output)
+    + [UTF-16 Unicode Text](#utf-16-unicode-text)
+  * [HTML Output](#html-output)
+  * [JSON](#json)
+- [File Formats](#file-formats)
+- [Testing](#testing)
+  * [Node](#node)
+  * [Browser](#browser)
+  * [Tested Environments](#tested-environments)
+  * [Test Files](#test-files)
+- [Contributing](#contributing)
+  * [OSX/Linux](#osxlinux)
+  * [Windows](#windows)
+  * [Tests](#tests)
+- [License](#license)
+- [References](#references)
+
+<!-- tocstop -->
+
+</details>
+
+## Getting Started
+
+### Installation
+
+**Standalone Browser Scripts**
+
+The complete browser standalone build is saved to `dist/xlsx.full.min.js` and
+can be directly added to a page with a `script` tag:
+
+```html
+<script lang="javascript" src="dist/xlsx.full.min.js"></script>
+```
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>CDN Availability</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+|    CDN     | URL                                        |
+|-----------:|:-------------------------------------------|
+|    `unpkg` | <https://unpkg.com/xlsx/>                  |
+| `jsDelivr` | <https://jsdelivr.com/package/npm/xlsx>    |
+|    `CDNjs` | <https://cdnjs.com/libraries/xlsx>         |
+
+For example, `unpkg` makes the latest version available at:
+
+```html
+<script src="https://unpkg.com/xlsx/dist/xlsx.full.min.js"></script>
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Browser builds</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+The complete single-file version is generated at `dist/xlsx.full.min.js`
+
+`dist/xlsx.core.min.js` omits codepage library (no support for XLS encodings)
+
+A slimmer build is generated at `dist/xlsx.mini.min.js`. Compared to full build:
+- codepage library skipped (no support for XLS encodings)
+- no support for XLSB / XLS / Lotus 1-2-3 / SpreadsheetML 2003 / Numbers
+- node stream utils removed
+
+</details>
+
+
+With [bower](https://bower.io/search/?q=js-xlsx):
+
+```bash
+$ bower install js-xlsx
+```
+
+**ECMAScript Modules**
+
+The ECMAScript Module build is saved to `xlsx.mjs` and can be directly added to
+a page with a `script` tag using `type=module`:
+
+```html
+<script type="module">
+import { read, writeFileXLSX } from "./xlsx.mjs";
+
+/* load the codepage support library for extended support with older formats  */
+import { set_cptable } from "./xlsx.mjs";
+import * as cptable from './dist/cpexcel.full.mjs';
+set_cptable(cptable);
+</script>
+```
+
+The [npm package](https://www.npmjs.org/package/xlsx) also exposes the module
+with the `module` parameter, supported in Angular and other projects:
+
+```ts
+import { read, writeFileXLSX } from "xlsx";
+
+/* load the codepage support library for extended support with older formats  */
+import { set_cptable } from "xlsx";
+import * as cptable from 'xlsx/dist/cpexcel.full.mjs';
+set_cptable(cptable);
+```
+
+**Deno**
+
+`xlsx.mjs` can be imported in Deno.  It is available from `unpkg`:
+
+```ts
+// @deno-types="https://unpkg.com/xlsx/types/index.d.ts"
+import * as XLSX from 'https://unpkg.com/xlsx/xlsx.mjs';
+
+/* load the codepage support library for extended support with older formats  */
+import * as cptable from 'https://unpkg.com/xlsx/dist/cpexcel.full.mjs';
+XLSX.set_cptable(cptable);
+```
+
+**NodeJS**
+
+With [npm](https://www.npmjs.org/package/xlsx):
+
+```bash
+$ npm install xlsx
+```
+
+By default, the module supports `require`:
+
+```js
+var XLSX = require("xlsx");
+```
+
+The module also ships with `xlsx.mjs` for use with `import`:
+
+```js
+import * as XLSX from 'xlsx/xlsx.mjs';
+
+/* load 'fs' for readFile and writeFile support */
+import * as fs from 'fs';
+XLSX.set_fs(fs);
+
+/* load 'stream' for stream support */
+import { Readable } from 'stream';
+XLSX.stream.set_readable(Readable);
+
+/* load the codepage support library for extended support with older formats  */
+import * as cpexcel from 'xlsx/dist/cpexcel.full.mjs';
+XLSX.set_cptable(cpexcel);
+```
+
+**Photoshop and InDesign**
+
+`dist/xlsx.extendscript.js` is an ExtendScript build for Photoshop and InDesign
+that is included in the `npm` package.  It can be directly referenced with a
+`#include` directive:
+
+```extendscript
+#include "xlsx.extendscript.js"
+```
+
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Internet Explorer and ECMAScript 3 Compatibility</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+For broad compatibility with JavaScript engines, the library is written using
+ECMAScript 3 language dialect as well as some ES5 features like `Array#forEach`.
+Older browsers require shims to provide missing functions.
+
+To use the shim, add the shim before the script tag that loads `xlsx.js`:
+
+```html
+<!-- add the shim first -->
+<script type="text/javascript" src="shim.min.js"></script>
+<!-- after the shim is referenced, add the library -->
+<script type="text/javascript" src="xlsx.full.min.js"></script>
+```
+
+The script also includes `IE_LoadFile` and `IE_SaveFile` for loading and saving
+files in Internet Explorer versions 6-9.  The `xlsx.extendscript.js` script
+bundles the shim in a format suitable for Photoshop and other Adobe products.
+
+</details>
+
+### Usage
+
+Most scenarios involving spreadsheets and data can be broken into 5 parts:
+
+1) **Acquire Data**:  Data may be stored anywhere: local or remote files,
+   databases, HTML TABLE, or even generated programmatically in the web browser.
+
+2) **Extract Data**:  For spreadsheet files, this involves parsing raw bytes to
+   read the cell data. For general JS data, this involves reshaping the data.
+
+3) **Process Data**:  From generating summary statistics to cleaning data
+   records, this step is the heart of the problem.
+
+4) **Package Data**:  This can involve making a new spreadsheet or serializing
+   with `JSON.stringify` or writing XML or simply flattening data for UI tools.
+
+5) **Release Data**:  Spreadsheet files can be uploaded to a server or written
+   locally.  Data can be presented to users in an HTML TABLE or data grid.
+
+A common problem involves generating a valid spreadsheet export from data stored
+in an HTML table.  In this example, an HTML TABLE on the page will be scraped,
+a row will be added to the bottom with the date of the report, and a new file
+will be generated and downloaded locally. `XLSX.writeFile` takes care of
+packaging the data and attempting a local download:
+
+```js
+// Acquire Data (reference to the HTML table)
+var table_elt = document.getElementById("my-table-id");
+
+// Extract Data (create a workbook object from the table)
+var workbook = XLSX.utils.table_to_book(table_elt);
+
+// Process Data (add a new row)
+var ws = workbook.Sheets["Sheet1"];
+XLSX.utils.sheet_add_aoa(ws, [["Created "+new Date().toISOString()]], {origin:-1});
+
+// Package and Release Data (`writeFile` tries to write and save an XLSB file)
+XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "Report.xlsb");
+```
+
+This library tries to simplify steps 2 and 4 with functions to extract useful
+data from spreadsheet files (`read` / `readFile`) and generate new spreadsheet
+files from data (`write` / `writeFile`).  Additional utility functions like
+`table_to_book` work with other common data sources like HTML tables.
+
+This documentation and various demo projects cover a number of common scenarios
+and approaches for steps 1 and 5.
+
+Utility functions help with step 3.
+
+["Acquiring and Extracting Data"](#acquiring-and-extracting-data) describes
+solutions for common data import scenarios.
+
+["Packaging and Releasing Data"](#packaging-and-releasing-data) describes
+solutions for common data export scenarios.
+
+["Processing Data"](#packaging-and-releasing-data) describes solutions for
+common workbook processing and manipulation scenarios.
+
+["Utility Functions"](#utility-functions) details utility functions for
+translating JSON Arrays and other common JS structures into worksheet objects.
+
+### The Zen of SheetJS
+
+_Data processing should fit in any workflow_
+
+The library does not impose a separate lifecycle.  It fits nicely in websites
+and apps built using any framework.  The plain JS data objects play nice with
+Web Workers and future APIs.
+
+_JavaScript is a powerful language for data processing_
+
+The ["Common Spreadsheet Format"](#common-spreadsheet-format) is a simple object
+representation of the core concepts of a workbook.  The various functions in the
+library provide low-level tools for working with the object.
+
+For friendly JS processing, there are utility functions for converting parts of
+a worksheet to/from an Array of Arrays.  The following example combines powerful
+JS Array methods with a network request library to download data, select the
+information we want and create a workbook file:
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Get Data from a JSON Endpoint and Generate a Workbook</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+The goal is to generate a XLSB workbook of US President names and birthdays.
+
+**Acquire Data**
+
+_Raw Data_
+
+<https://theunitedstates.io/congress-legislators/executive.json> has the desired
+data.  For example, John Adams:
+
+```js
+{
+  "id": { /* (data omitted) */ },
+  "name": {
+    "first": "John",          // <-- first name
+    "last": "Adams"           // <-- last name
+  },
+  "bio": {
+    "birthday": "1735-10-19", // <-- birthday
+    "gender": "M"
+  },
+  "terms": [
+    { "type": "viceprez", /* (other fields omitted) */ },
+    { "type": "viceprez", /* (other fields omitted) */ },
+    { "type": "prez", /* (other fields omitted) */ } // <-- look for "prez"
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+_Filtering for Presidents_
+
+The dataset includes Aaron Burr, a Vice President who was never President!
+
+`Array#filter` creates a new array with the desired rows.  A President served
+at least one term with `type` set to `"prez"`.  To test if a particular row has
+at least one `"prez"` term, `Array#some` is another native JS function.  The
+complete filter would be:
+
+```js
+const prez = raw_data.filter(row => row.terms.some(term => term.type === "prez"));
+```
+
+_Lining up the data_
+
+For this example, the name will be the first name combined with the last name
+(`row.name.first + " " + row.name.last`) and the birthday will be the subfield
+`row.bio.birthday`.  Using `Array#map`, the dataset can be massaged in one call:
+
+```js
+const rows = prez.map(row => ({
+  name: row.name.first + " " + row.name.last,
+  birthday: row.bio.birthday
+}));
+```
+
+The result is an array of "simple" objects with no nesting:
+
+```js
+[
+  { name: "George Washington", birthday: "1732-02-22" },
+  { name: "John Adams", birthday: "1735-10-19" },
+  // ... one row per President
+]
+```
+
+**Extract Data**
+
+With the cleaned dataset, `XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet` generates a worksheet:
+
+```js
+const worksheet = XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet(rows);
+```
+
+`XLSX.utils.book_new` creates a new workbook and `XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet`
+appends a worksheet to the workbook. The new worksheet will be called "Dates":
+
+```js
+const workbook = XLSX.utils.book_new();
+XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, worksheet, "Dates");
+```
+
+**Process Data**
+
+_Fixing headers_
+
+By default, `json_to_sheet` creates a worksheet with a header row. In this case,
+the headers come from the JS object keys: "name" and "birthday".
+
+The headers are in cells A1 and B1.  `XLSX.utils.sheet_add_aoa` can write text
+values to the existing worksheet starting at cell A1:
+
+```js
+XLSX.utils.sheet_add_aoa(worksheet, [["Name", "Birthday"]], { origin: "A1" });
+```
+
+_Fixing Column Widths_
+
+Some of the names are longer than the default column width.  Column widths are
+set by [setting the `"!cols"` worksheet property](#row-and-column-properties).
+
+The following line sets the width of column A to approximately 10 characters:
+
+```js
+worksheet["!cols"] = [ { wch: 10 } ]; // set column A width to 10 characters
+```
+
+One `Array#reduce` call over `rows` can calculate the maximum width:
+
+```js
+const max_width = rows.reduce((w, r) => Math.max(w, r.name.length), 10);
+worksheet["!cols"] = [ { wch: max_width } ];
+```
+
+Note: If the starting point was a file or HTML table, `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json`
+will generate an array of JS objects.
+
+**Package and Release Data**
+
+`XLSX.writeFile` creates a spreadsheet file and tries to write it to the system.
+In the browser, it will try to prompt the user to download the file.  In NodeJS,
+it will write to the local directory.
+
+```js
+XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "Presidents.xlsx");
+```
+
+**Complete Example**
+
+```js
+// Uncomment the next line for use in NodeJS:
+// const XLSX = require("xlsx"), axios = require("axios");
+
+(async() => {
+  /* fetch JSON data and parse */
+  const url = "https://theunitedstates.io/congress-legislators/executive.json";
+  const raw_data = (await axios(url, {responseType: "json"})).data;
+
+  /* filter for the Presidents */
+  const prez = raw_data.filter(row => row.terms.some(term => term.type === "prez"));
+
+  /* flatten objects */
+  const rows = prez.map(row => ({
+    name: row.name.first + " " + row.name.last,
+    birthday: row.bio.birthday
+  }));
+
+  /* generate worksheet and workbook */
+  const worksheet = XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet(rows);
+  const workbook = XLSX.utils.book_new();
+  XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, worksheet, "Dates");
+
+  /* fix headers */
+  XLSX.utils.sheet_add_aoa(worksheet, [["Name", "Birthday"]], { origin: "A1" });
+
+  /* calculate column width */
+  const max_width = rows.reduce((w, r) => Math.max(w, r.name.length), 10);
+  worksheet["!cols"] = [ { wch: max_width } ];
+
+  /* create an XLSX file and try to save to Presidents.xlsx */
+  XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "Presidents.xlsx");
+})();
+```
+
+For use in the web browser, assuming the snippet is saved to `snippet.js`,
+script tags should be used to include the `axios` and `xlsx` standalone builds:
+
+```html
+<script src="https://unpkg.com/xlsx/dist/xlsx.full.min.js"></script>
+<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
+<script src="snippet.js"></script>
+```
+
+
+</details>
+
+_File formats are implementation details_
+
+The parser covers a wide gamut of common spreadsheet file formats to ensure that
+"HTML-saved-as-XLS" files work as well as actual XLS or XLSX files.
+
+The writer supports a number of common output formats for broad compatibility
+with the data ecosystem.
+
+To the greatest extent possible, data processing code should not have to worry
+about the specific file formats involved.
+
+
+### JS Ecosystem Demos
+
+The [`demos` directory](demos/) includes sample projects for:
+
+**Frameworks and APIs**
+- [`angularjs`](demos/angular/)
+- [`angular and ionic`](demos/angular2/)
+- [`knockout`](demos/knockout/)
+- [`meteor`](demos/meteor/)
+- [`react and react-native`](demos/react/)
+- [`vue 2.x and weex`](demos/vue/)
+- [`XMLHttpRequest and fetch`](demos/xhr/)
+- [`nodejs server`](demos/server/)
+- [`databases and key/value stores`](demos/database/)
+- [`typed arrays and math`](demos/array/)
+
+**Bundlers and Tooling**
+- [`browserify`](demos/browserify/)
+- [`fusebox`](demos/fusebox/)
+- [`parcel`](demos/parcel/)
+- [`requirejs`](demos/requirejs/)
+- [`rollup`](demos/rollup/)
+- [`systemjs`](demos/systemjs/)
+- [`typescript`](demos/typescript/)
+- [`webpack 2.x`](demos/webpack/)
+
+**Platforms and Integrations**
+- [`deno`](demos/deno/)
+- [`electron application`](demos/electron/)
+- [`nw.js application`](demos/nwjs/)
+- [`Chrome / Chromium extensions`](demos/chrome/)
+- [`Download a Google Sheet locally`](demos/google-sheet/)
+- [`Adobe ExtendScript`](demos/extendscript/)
+- [`Headless Browsers`](demos/headless/)
+- [`canvas-datagrid`](demos/datagrid/)
+- [`x-spreadsheet`](demos/xspreadsheet/)
+- [`react-data-grid`](demos/react/modify/)
+- [`vue3-table-light`](demos/vue/modify/)
+- [`Swift JSC and other engines`](demos/altjs/)
+- [`"serverless" functions`](demos/function/)
+- [`internet explorer`](demos/oldie/)
+
+Other examples are included in the [showcase](demos/showcase/).
+
+<https://sheetjs.com/demos/modify.html> shows a complete example of reading,
+modifying, and writing files.
+
+<https://github.com/SheetJS/sheetjs/blob/HEAD/bin/xlsx.njs> is the command-line
+tool included with node installations, reading spreadsheet files and exporting
+the contents in various formats.
+## Acquiring and Extracting Data
+
+### Parsing Workbooks
+
+**API**
+
+_Extract data from spreadsheet bytes_
+
+```js
+var workbook = XLSX.read(data, opts);
+```
+
+The `read` method can extract data from spreadsheet bytes stored in a JS string,
+"binary string", NodeJS buffer or typed array (`Uint8Array` or `ArrayBuffer`).
+
+
+_Read spreadsheet bytes from a local file and extract data_
+
+```js
+var workbook = XLSX.readFile(filename, opts);
+```
+
+The `readFile` method attempts to read a spreadsheet file at the supplied path.
+Browsers generally do not allow reading files in this way (it is deemed a
+security risk), and attempts to read files in this way will throw an error.
+
+The second `opts` argument is optional. ["Parsing Options"](#parsing-options)
+covers the supported properties and behaviors.
+
+**Examples**
+
+Here are a few common scenarios (click on each subtitle to see the code):
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Local file in a NodeJS server</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+`readFile` uses `fs.readFileSync` under the hood:
+
+```js
+var XLSX = require("xlsx");
+
+var workbook = XLSX.readFile("test.xlsx");
+```
+
+For Node ESM, the `readFile` helper is not enabled. Instead, `fs.readFileSync`
+should be used to read the file data as a `Buffer` for use with `XLSX.read`:
+
+```js
+import { readFileSync } from "fs";
+import { read } from "xlsx/xlsx.mjs";
+
+const buf = readFileSync("test.xlsx");
+/* buf is a Buffer */
+const workbook = read(buf);
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Local file in a Deno application</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+`readFile` uses `Deno.readFileSync` under the hood:
+
+```js
+// @deno-types="https://deno.land/x/sheetjs/types/index.d.ts"
+import * as XLSX from 'https://deno.land/x/sheetjs/xlsx.mjs'
+
+const workbook = XLSX.readFile("test.xlsx");
+```
+
+Applications reading files must be invoked with the `--allow-read` flag.  The
+[`deno` demo](demos/deno/) has more examples
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>User-submitted file in a web page ("Drag-and-Drop")</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+For modern websites targeting Chrome 76+, `File#arrayBuffer` is recommended:
+
+```js
+// XLSX is a global from the standalone script
+
+async function handleDropAsync(e) {
+  e.stopPropagation(); e.preventDefault();
+  const f = e.dataTransfer.files[0];
+  /* f is a File */
+  const data = await f.arrayBuffer();
+  /* data is an ArrayBuffer */
+  const workbook = XLSX.read(data);
+
+  /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */
+}
+drop_dom_element.addEventListener("drop", handleDropAsync, false);
+```
+
+For maximal compatibility, the `FileReader` API should be used:
+
+```js
+function handleDrop(e) {
+  e.stopPropagation(); e.preventDefault();
+  var f = e.dataTransfer.files[0];
+  /* f is a File */
+  var reader = new FileReader();
+  reader.onload = function(e) {
+    var data = e.target.result;
+    /* reader.readAsArrayBuffer(file) -> data will be an ArrayBuffer */
+    var workbook = XLSX.read(data);
+
+    /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */
+  };
+  reader.readAsArrayBuffer(f);
+}
+drop_dom_element.addEventListener("drop", handleDrop, false);
+```
+
+<https://oss.sheetjs.com/sheetjs/> demonstrates the FileReader technique.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>User-submitted file with an HTML INPUT element</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+Starting with an HTML INPUT element with `type="file"`:
+
+```html
+<input type="file" id="input_dom_element">
+```
+
+For modern websites targeting Chrome 76+, `Blob#arrayBuffer` is recommended:
+
+```js
+// XLSX is a global from the standalone script
+
+async function handleFileAsync(e) {
+  const file = e.target.files[0];
+  const data = await file.arrayBuffer();
+  /* data is an ArrayBuffer */
+  const workbook = XLSX.read(data);
+
+  /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */
+}
+input_dom_element.addEventListener("change", handleFileAsync, false);
+```
+
+For broader support (including IE10+), the `FileReader` approach is recommended:
+
+```js
+function handleFile(e) {
+  var file = e.target.files[0];
+  var reader = new FileReader();
+  reader.onload = function(e) {
+    var data = e.target.result;
+    /* reader.readAsArrayBuffer(file) -> data will be an ArrayBuffer */
+    var workbook = XLSX.read(e.target.result);
+
+    /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */
+  };
+  reader.readAsArrayBuffer(file);
+}
+input_dom_element.addEventListener("change", handleFile, false);
+```
+
+The [`oldie` demo](demos/oldie/) shows an IE-compatible fallback scenario.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Fetching a file in the web browser ("Ajax")</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+For modern websites targeting Chrome 42+, `fetch` is recommended:
+
+```js
+// XLSX is a global from the standalone script
+
+(async() => {
+  const url = "http://oss.sheetjs.com/test_files/formula_stress_test.xlsx";
+  const data = await (await fetch(url)).arrayBuffer();
+  /* data is an ArrayBuffer */
+  const workbook = XLSX.read(data);
+
+  /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */
+})();
+```
+
+For broader support, the `XMLHttpRequest` approach is recommended:
+
+```js
+var url = "http://oss.sheetjs.com/test_files/formula_stress_test.xlsx";
+
+/* set up async GET request */
+var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
+req.open("GET", url, true);
+req.responseType = "arraybuffer";
+
+req.onload = function(e) {
+  var workbook = XLSX.read(req.response);
+
+  /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */
+};
+
+req.send();
+```
+
+The [`xhr` demo](demos/xhr/) includes a longer discussion and more examples.
+
+<http://oss.sheetjs.com/sheetjs/ajax.html> shows fallback approaches for IE6+.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Local file in a PhotoShop or InDesign plugin</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+`readFile` wraps the `File` logic in Photoshop and other ExtendScript targets.
+The specified path should be an absolute path:
+
+```js
+#include "xlsx.extendscript.js"
+
+/* Read test.xlsx from the Documents folder */
+var workbook = XLSX.readFile(Folder.myDocuments + "/test.xlsx");
+```
+
+The [`extendscript` demo](demos/extendscript/) includes a more complex example.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Local file in an Electron app</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+`readFile` can be used in the renderer process:
+
+```js
+/* From the renderer process */
+var XLSX = require("xlsx");
+
+var workbook = XLSX.readFile(path);
+```
+
+Electron APIs have changed over time.  The [`electron` demo](demos/electron/)
+shows a complete example and details the required version-specific settings.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Local file in a mobile app with React Native</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+The [`react` demo](demos/react) includes a sample React Native app.
+
+Since React Native does not provide a way to read files from the filesystem, a
+third-party library must be used.  The following libraries have been tested:
+
+- [`react-native-file-access`](https://npm.im/react-native-file-access)
+
+The `base64` encoding returns strings compatible with the `base64` type:
+
+```js
+import XLSX from "xlsx";
+import { FileSystem } from "react-native-file-access";
+
+const b64 = await FileSystem.readFile(path, "base64");
+/* b64 is a base64 string */
+const workbook = XLSX.read(b64, {type: "base64"});
+```
+
+- [`react-native-fs`](https://npm.im/react-native-fs)
+
+The `ascii` encoding returns binary strings compatible with the `binary` type:
+
+```js
+import XLSX from "xlsx";
+import { readFile } from "react-native-fs";
+
+const bstr = await readFile(path, "ascii");
+/* bstr is a binary string */
+const workbook = XLSX.read(bstr, {type: "binary"});
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>NodeJS Server File Uploads</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+`read` can accept a NodeJS buffer.  `readFile` can read files generated by a
+HTTP POST request body parser like [`formidable`](https://npm.im/formidable):
+
+```js
+const XLSX = require("xlsx");
+const http = require("http");
+const formidable = require("formidable");
+
+const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
+  const form = new formidable.IncomingForm();
+  form.parse(req, (err, fields, files) => {
+    /* grab the first file */
+    const f = Object.entries(files)[0][1];
+    const path = f.filepath;
+    const workbook = XLSX.readFile(path);
+
+    /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */
+  });
+}).listen(process.env.PORT || 7262);
+```
+
+The [`server` demo](demos/server) has more advanced examples.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Download files in a NodeJS process</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+Node 17.5 and 18.0 have native support for fetch:
+
+```js
+const XLSX = require("xlsx");
+
+const data = await (await fetch(url)).arrayBuffer();
+/* data is an ArrayBuffer */
+const workbook = XLSX.read(data);
+```
+
+For broader compatibility, third-party modules are recommended.
+
+[`request`](https://npm.im/request) requires a `null` encoding to yield Buffers:
+
+```js
+var XLSX = require("xlsx");
+var request = require("request");
+
+request({url: url, encoding: null}, function(err, resp, body) {
+  var workbook = XLSX.read(body);
+
+  /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */
+});
+```
+
+[`axios`](https://npm.im/axios) works the same way in browser and in NodeJS:
+
+```js
+const XLSX = require("xlsx");
+const axios = require("axios");
+
+(async() => {
+  const res = await axios.get(url, {responseType: "arraybuffer"});
+  /* res.data is a Buffer */
+  const workbook = XLSX.read(res.data);
+
+  /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */
+})();
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Download files in an Electron app</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+The `net` module in the main process can make HTTP/HTTPS requests to external
+resources.  Responses should be manually concatenated using `Buffer.concat`:
+
+```js
+const XLSX = require("xlsx");
+const { net } = require("electron");
+
+const req = net.request(url);
+req.on("response", (res) => {
+  const bufs = []; // this array will collect all of the buffers
+  res.on("data", (chunk) => { bufs.push(chunk); });
+  res.on("end", () => {
+    const workbook = XLSX.read(Buffer.concat(bufs));
+
+    /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */
+  });
+});
+req.end();
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Readable Streams in NodeJS</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+When dealing with Readable Streams, the easiest approach is to buffer the stream
+and process the whole thing at the end:
+
+```js
+var fs = require("fs");
+var XLSX = require("xlsx");
+
+function process_RS(stream, cb) {
+  var buffers = [];
+  stream.on("data", function(data) { buffers.push(data); });
+  stream.on("end", function() {
+    var buffer = Buffer.concat(buffers);
+    var workbook = XLSX.read(buffer, {type:"buffer"});
+
+    /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook IN THE CALLBACK */
+    cb(workbook);
+  });
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>ReadableStream in the browser</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+When dealing with `ReadableStream`, the easiest approach is to buffer the stream
+and process the whole thing at the end:
+
+```js
+// XLSX is a global from the standalone script
+
+async function process_RS(stream) {
+  /* collect data */
+  const buffers = [];
+  const reader = stream.getReader();
+  for(;;) {
+    const res = await reader.read();
+    if(res.value) buffers.push(res.value);
+    if(res.done) break;
+  }
+
+  /* concat */
+  const out = new Uint8Array(buffers.reduce((acc, v) => acc + v.length, 0));
+
+  let off = 0;
+  for(const u8 of arr) {
+    out.set(u8, off);
+    off += u8.length;
+  }
+
+  return out;
+}
+
+const data = await process_RS(stream);
+/* data is Uint8Array */
+const workbook = XLSX.read(data);
+```
+
+</details>
+
+More detailed examples are covered in the [included demos](demos/)
+
+### Processing JSON and JS Data
+
+JSON and JS data tend to represent single worksheets.  This section will use a
+few utility functions to generate workbooks.
+
+_Create a new Workbook_
+
+```js
+var workbook = XLSX.utils.book_new();
+```
+
+The `book_new` utility function creates an empty workbook with no worksheets.
+
+Spreadsheet software generally require at least one worksheet and enforce the
+requirement in the user interface.  This library enforces the requirement at
+write time, throwing errors if an empty workbook is passed to write functions.
+
+
+**API**
+
+_Create a worksheet from an array of arrays of JS values_
+
+```js
+var worksheet = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet(aoa, opts);
+```
+
+The `aoa_to_sheet` utility function walks an "array of arrays" in row-major
+order, generating a worksheet object.  The following snippet generates a sheet
+with cell `A1` set to the string `A1`, cell `B1` set to `B1`, etc:
+
+```js
+var worksheet = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([
+  ["A1", "B1", "C1"],
+  ["A2", "B2", "C2"],
+  ["A3", "B3", "C3"]
+]);
+```
+
+["Array of Arrays Input"](#array-of-arrays-input) describes the function and the
+optional `opts` argument in more detail.
+
+
+_Create a worksheet from an array of JS objects_
+
+```js
+var worksheet = XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet(jsa, opts);
+```
+
+The `json_to_sheet` utility function walks an array of JS objects in order,
+generating a worksheet object.  By default, it will generate a header row and
+one row per object in the array.  The optional `opts` argument has settings to
+control the column order and header output.
+
+["Array of Objects Input"](#array-of-arrays-input) describes the function and
+the optional `opts` argument in more detail.
+
+**Examples**
+
+["Zen of SheetJS"](#the-zen-of-sheetjs) contains a detailed example "Get Data
+from a JSON Endpoint and Generate a Workbook"
+
+
+[`x-spreadsheet`](https://github.com/myliang/x-spreadsheet) is an interactive
+data grid for previewing and modifying structured data in the web browser.  The
+[`xspreadsheet` demo](/demos/xspreadsheet) includes a sample script with the
+`xtos` function for converting from x-spreadsheet data object to a workbook.
+<https://oss.sheetjs.com/sheetjs/x-spreadsheet> is a live demo.
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Records from a database query (SQL or no-SQL)</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+The [`database` demo](/demos/database/) includes examples of working with
+databases and query results.
+
+</details>
+
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Numerical Computations with TensorFlow.js</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+[`@tensorflow/tfjs`](@tensorflow/tfjs) and other libraries expect data in simple
+arrays, well-suited for worksheets where each column is a data vector.  That is
+the transpose of how most people use spreadsheets, where each row is a vector.
+
+When recovering data from `tfjs`, the returned data points are stored in a typed
+array.  An array of arrays can be constructed with loops. `Array#unshift` can
+prepend a title row before the conversion:
+
+```js
+const XLSX = require("xlsx");
+const tf = require('@tensorflow/tfjs');
+
+/* suppose xs and ys are vectors (1D tensors) -> tfarr will be a typed array */
+const tfdata = tf.stack([xs, ys]).transpose();
+const shape = tfdata.shape;
+const tfarr = tfdata.dataSync();
+
+/* construct the array of arrays */
+const aoa = [];
+for(let j = 0; j < shape[0]; ++j) {
+  aoa[j] = [];
+  for(let i = 0; i < shape[1]; ++i) aoa[j][i] = tfarr[j * shape[1] + i];
+}
+/* add headers to the top */
+aoa.unshift(["x", "y"]);
+
+/* generate worksheet */
+const worksheet = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet(aoa);
+```
+
+The [`array` demo](demos/array/) shows a complete example.
+
+</details>
+
+
+### Processing HTML Tables
+
+**API**
+
+_Create a worksheet by scraping an HTML TABLE in the page_
+
+```js
+var worksheet = XLSX.utils.table_to_sheet(dom_element, opts);
+```
+
+The `table_to_sheet` utility function takes a DOM TABLE element and iterates
+through the rows to generate a worksheet.  The `opts` argument is optional.
+["HTML Table Input"](#html-table-input) describes the function in more detail.
+
+
+
+_Create a workbook by scraping an HTML TABLE in the page_
+
+```js
+var workbook = XLSX.utils.table_to_book(dom_element, opts);
+```
+
+The `table_to_book` utility function follows the same logic as `table_to_sheet`.
+After generating a worksheet, it creates a blank workbook and appends the
+spreadsheet.
+
+The options argument supports the same options as `table_to_sheet`, with the
+addition of a `sheet` property to control the worksheet name.  If the property
+is missing or no options are specified, the default name `Sheet1` is used.
+
+**Examples**
+
+Here are a few common scenarios (click on each subtitle to see the code):
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>HTML TABLE element in a webpage</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+```html
+<!-- include the standalone script and shim.  this uses the UNPKG CDN -->
+<script src="https://unpkg.com/xlsx/dist/shim.min.js"></script>
+<script src="https://unpkg.com/xlsx/dist/xlsx.full.min.js"></script>
+
+<!-- example table with id attribute -->
+<table id="tableau">
+  <tr><td>Sheet</td><td>JS</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>12345</td><td>67</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<!-- this block should appear after the table HTML and the standalone script -->
+<script type="text/javascript">
+  var workbook = XLSX.utils.table_to_book(document.getElementById("tableau"));
+
+  /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */
+</script>
+```
+
+Multiple tables on a web page can be converted to individual worksheets:
+
+```js
+/* create new workbook */
+var workbook = XLSX.utils.book_new();
+
+/* convert table "table1" to worksheet named "Sheet1" */
+var sheet1 = XLSX.utils.table_to_sheet(document.getElementById("table1"));
+XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, sheet1, "Sheet1");
+
+/* convert table "table2" to worksheet named "Sheet2" */
+var sheet2 = XLSX.utils.table_to_sheet(document.getElementById("table2"));
+XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, sheet2, "Sheet2");
+
+/* workbook now has 2 worksheets */
+```
+
+Alternatively, the HTML code can be extracted and parsed:
+
+```js
+var htmlstr = document.getElementById("tableau").outerHTML;
+var workbook = XLSX.read(htmlstr, {type:"string"});
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Chrome/Chromium Extension</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+The [`chrome` demo](demos/chrome/) shows a complete example and details the
+required permissions and other settings.
+
+In an extension, it is recommended to generate the workbook in a content script
+and pass the object back to the extension:
+
+```js
+/* in the worker script */
+chrome.runtime.onMessage.addListener(function(msg, sender, cb) {
+  /* pass a message like { sheetjs: true } from the extension to scrape */
+  if(!msg || !msg.sheetjs) return;
+  /* create a new workbook */
+  var workbook = XLSX.utils.book_new();
+  /* loop through each table element */
+  var tables = document.getElementsByTagName("table")
+  for(var i = 0; i < tables.length; ++i) {
+    var worksheet = XLSX.utils.table_to_sheet(tables[i]);
+    XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, worksheet, "Table" + i);
+  }
+  /* pass back to the extension */
+  return cb(workbook);
+});
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Server-Side HTML Tables with Headless Chrome</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+The [`headless` demo](demos/headless/) includes a complete demo to convert HTML
+files to XLSB workbooks.  The core idea is to add the script to the page, parse
+the table in the page context, generate a `base64` workbook and send it back
+for further processing:
+
+```js
+const XLSX = require("xlsx");
+const { readFileSync } = require("fs"), puppeteer = require("puppeteer");
+
+const url = `https://sheetjs.com/demos/table`;
+
+/* get the standalone build source (node_modules/xlsx/dist/xlsx.full.min.js) */
+const lib = readFileSync(require.resolve("xlsx/dist/xlsx.full.min.js"), "utf8");
+
+(async() => {
+  /* start browser and go to web page */
+  const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
+  const page = await browser.newPage();
+  await page.goto(url, {waitUntil: "networkidle2"});
+
+  /* inject library */
+  await page.addScriptTag({content: lib});
+
+  /* this function `s5s` will be called by the script below, receiving the Base64-encoded file */
+  await page.exposeFunction("s5s", async(b64) => {
+    const workbook = XLSX.read(b64, {type: "base64" });
+
+    /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */
+  });
+
+  /* generate XLSB file in webpage context and send back result */
+  await page.addScriptTag({content: `
+    /* call table_to_book on first table */
+    var workbook = XLSX.utils.table_to_book(document.querySelector("TABLE"));
+
+    /* generate XLSX file */
+    var b64 = XLSX.write(workbook, {type: "base64", bookType: "xlsb"});
+
+    /* call "s5s" hook exposed from the node process */
+    window.s5s(b64);
+  `});
+
+  /* cleanup */
+  await browser.close();
+})();
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Server-Side HTML Tables with Headless WebKit</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+The [`headless` demo](demos/headless/) includes a complete demo to convert HTML
+files to XLSB workbooks using [PhantomJS](https://phantomjs.org/). The core idea
+is to add the script to the page, parse the table in the page context, generate
+a `binary` workbook and send it back for further processing:
+
+```js
+var XLSX = require('xlsx');
+var page = require('webpage').create();
+
+/* this code will be run in the page */
+var code = [ "function(){",
+  /* call table_to_book on first table */
+  "var wb = XLSX.utils.table_to_book(document.body.getElementsByTagName('table')[0]);",
+
+  /* generate XLSB file and return binary string */
+  "return XLSX.write(wb, {type: 'binary', bookType: 'xlsb'});",
+"}" ].join("");
+
+page.open('https://sheetjs.com/demos/table', function() {
+  /* Load the browser script from the UNPKG CDN */
+  page.includeJs("https://unpkg.com/xlsx/dist/xlsx.full.min.js", function() {
+    /* The code will return an XLSB file encoded as binary string */
+    var bin = page.evaluateJavaScript(code);
+
+    var workbook = XLSX.read(bin, {type: "binary"});
+    /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */
+
+    phantom.exit();
+  });
+});
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>NodeJS HTML Tables without a browser</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+NodeJS does not include a DOM implementation and Puppeteer requires a hefty
+Chromium build.  [`jsdom`](https://npm.im/jsdom) is a lightweight alternative:
+
+```js
+const XLSX = require("xlsx");
+const { readFileSync } = require("fs");
+const { JSDOM } = require("jsdom");
+
+/* obtain HTML string.  This example reads from test.html */
+const html_str = fs.readFileSync("test.html", "utf8");
+/* get first TABLE element */
+const doc = new JSDOM(html_str).window.document.querySelector("table");
+/* generate workbook */
+const workbook = XLSX.utils.table_to_book(doc);
+```
+
+</details>
+
+## Processing Data
+
+The ["Common Spreadsheet Format"](#common-spreadsheet-format) is a simple object
+representation of the core concepts of a workbook.  The utility functions work
+with the object representation and are intended to handle common use cases.
+
+### Modifying Workbook Structure
+
+**API**
+
+_Append a Worksheet to a Workbook_
+
+```js
+XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, worksheet, sheet_name);
+```
+
+The `book_append_sheet` utility function appends a worksheet to the workbook.
+The third argument specifies the desired worksheet name. Multiple worksheets can
+be added to a workbook by calling the function multiple times.  If the worksheet
+name is already used in the workbook, it will throw an error.
+
+_Append a Worksheet to a Workbook and find a unique name_
+
+```js
+var new_name = XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, worksheet, name, true);
+```
+
+If the fourth argument is `true`, the function will start with the specified
+worksheet name.  If the sheet name exists in the workbook, a new worksheet name
+will be chosen by finding the name stem and incrementing the counter:
+
+```js
+XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, sheetA, "Sheet2", true); // Sheet2
+XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, sheetB, "Sheet2", true); // Sheet3
+XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, sheetC, "Sheet2", true); // Sheet4
+XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, sheetD, "Sheet2", true); // Sheet5
+```
+
+_List the Worksheet names in tab order_
+
+```js
+var wsnames = workbook.SheetNames;
+```
+
+The `SheetNames` property of the workbook object is a list of the worksheet
+names in "tab order".  API functions will look at this array.
+
+_Replace a Worksheet in place_
+
+```js
+workbook.Sheets[sheet_name] = new_worksheet;
+```
+
+The `Sheets` property of the workbook object is an object whose keys are names
+and whose values are worksheet objects.  By reassigning to a property of the
+`Sheets` object, the worksheet object can be changed without disrupting the
+rest of the worksheet structure.
+
+**Examples**
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Add a new worksheet to a workbook</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+This example uses [`XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet`](#array-of-arrays-input).
+
+```js
+var ws_name = "SheetJS";
+
+/* Create worksheet */
+var ws_data = [
+  [ "S", "h", "e", "e", "t", "J", "S" ],
+  [  1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  5 ]
+];
+var ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet(ws_data);
+
+/* Add the worksheet to the workbook */
+XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, ws_name);
+```
+
+</details>
+
+### Modifying Cell Values
+
+**API**
+
+_Modify a single cell value in a worksheet_
+
+```js
+XLSX.utils.sheet_add_aoa(worksheet, [[new_value]], { origin: address });
+```
+
+_Modify multiple cell values in a worksheet_
+
+```js
+XLSX.utils.sheet_add_aoa(worksheet, aoa, opts);
+```
+
+The `sheet_add_aoa` utility function modifies cell values in a worksheet.  The
+first argument is the worksheet object.  The second argument is an array of
+arrays of values.  The `origin` key of the third argument controls where cells
+will be written.  The following snippet sets `B3=1` and `E5="abc"`:
+
+```js
+XLSX.utils.sheet_add_aoa(worksheet, [
+  [1],                             // <-- Write 1 to cell B3
+  ,                                // <-- Do nothing in row 4
+  [/*B5*/, /*C5*/, /*D5*/, "abc"]  // <-- Write "abc" to cell E5
+], { origin: "B3" });
+```
+
+["Array of Arrays Input"](#array-of-arrays-input) describes the function and the
+optional `opts` argument in more detail.
+
+**Examples**
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Appending rows to a worksheet</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+The special origin value `-1` instructs `sheet_add_aoa` to start in column A of
+the row after the last row in the range, appending the data:
+
+```js
+XLSX.utils.sheet_add_aoa(worksheet, [
+  ["first row after data", 1],
+  ["second row after data", 2]
+], { origin: -1 });
+```
+
+</details>
+
+
+### Modifying Other Worksheet / Workbook / Cell Properties
+
+The ["Common Spreadsheet Format"](#common-spreadsheet-format) section describes
+the object structures in greater detail.
+
+## Packaging and Releasing Data
+
+### Writing Workbooks
+
+**API**
+
+_Generate spreadsheet bytes (file) from data_
+
+```js
+var data = XLSX.write(workbook, opts);
+```
+
+The `write` method attempts to package data from the workbook into a file in
+memory.  By default, XLSX files are generated, but that can be controlled with
+the `bookType` property of the `opts` argument.  Based on the `type` option,
+the data can be stored as a "binary string", JS string, `Uint8Array` or Buffer.
+
+The second `opts` argument is required.  ["Writing Options"](#writing-options)
+covers the supported properties and behaviors.
+
+_Generate and attempt to save file_
+
+```js
+XLSX.writeFile(workbook, filename, opts);
+```
+
+The `writeFile` method packages the data and attempts to save the new file.  The
+export file format is determined by the extension of `filename` (`SheetJS.xlsx`
+signals XLSX export, `SheetJS.xlsb` signals XLSB export, etc).
+
+The `writeFile` method uses platform-specific APIs to initiate the file save. In
+NodeJS, `fs.readFileSync` can create a file.  In the web browser, a download is
+attempted using the HTML5 `download` attribute, with fallbacks for IE.
+
+_Generate and attempt to save an XLSX file_
+
+```js
+XLSX.writeFileXLSX(workbook, filename, opts);
+```
+
+The `writeFile` method embeds a number of different export functions.  This is
+great for developer experience but not amenable to tree shaking using the
+current developer tools.  When only XLSX exports are needed, this method avoids
+referencing the other export functions.
+
+The second `opts` argument is optional.  ["Writing Options"](#writing-options)
+covers the supported properties and behaviors.
+
+**Examples**
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Local file in a NodeJS server</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+`writeFile` uses `fs.writeFileSync` in server environments:
+
+```js
+var XLSX = require("xlsx");
+
+/* output format determined by filename */
+XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "out.xlsb");
+```
+
+For Node ESM, the `writeFile` helper is not enabled. Instead, `fs.writeFileSync`
+should be used to write the file data to a `Buffer` for use with `XLSX.write`:
+
+```js
+import { writeFileSync } from "fs";
+import { write } from "xlsx/xlsx.mjs";
+
+const buf = write(workbook, {type: "buffer", bookType: "xlsb"});
+/* buf is a Buffer */
+const workbook = writeFileSync("out.xlsb", buf);
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Local file in a Deno application</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+`writeFile` uses `Deno.writeFileSync` under the hood:
+
+```js
+// @deno-types="https://deno.land/x/sheetjs/types/index.d.ts"
+import * as XLSX from 'https://deno.land/x/sheetjs/xlsx.mjs'
+
+XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "test.xlsx");
+```
+
+Applications writing files must be invoked with the `--allow-write` flag.  The
+[`deno` demo](demos/deno/) has more examples
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Local file in a PhotoShop or InDesign plugin</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+`writeFile` wraps the `File` logic in Photoshop and other ExtendScript targets.
+The specified path should be an absolute path:
+
+```js
+#include "xlsx.extendscript.js"
+
+/* output format determined by filename */
+XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "out.xlsx");
+/* at this point, out.xlsx is a file that you can distribute */
+```
+
+The [`extendscript` demo](demos/extendscript/) includes a more complex example.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Download a file in the browser to the user machine</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+`XLSX.writeFile` wraps a few techniques for triggering a file save:
+
+- `URL` browser API creates an object URL for the file, which the library uses
+  by creating a link and forcing a click. It is supported in modern browsers.
+- `msSaveBlob` is an IE10+ API for triggering a file save.
+- `IE_FileSave` uses VBScript and ActiveX to write a file in IE6+ for Windows
+  XP and Windows 7.  The shim must be included in the containing HTML page.
+
+There is no standard way to determine if the actual file has been downloaded.
+
+```js
+/* output format determined by filename */
+XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "out.xlsb");
+/* at this point, out.xlsb will have been downloaded */
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Download a file in legacy browsers</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+`XLSX.writeFile` techniques work for most modern browsers as well as older IE.
+For much older browsers, there are workarounds implemented by wrapper libraries.
+
+[`FileSaver.js`](https://github.com/eligrey/FileSaver.js/) implements `saveAs`.
+Note: `XLSX.writeFile` will automatically call `saveAs` if available.
+
+```js
+/* bookType can be any supported output type */
+var wopts = { bookType:"xlsx", bookSST:false, type:"array" };
+
+var wbout = XLSX.write(workbook,wopts);
+
+/* the saveAs call downloads a file on the local machine */
+saveAs(new Blob([wbout],{type:"application/octet-stream"}), "test.xlsx");
+```
+
+[`Downloadify`](https://github.com/dcneiner/downloadify) uses a Flash SWF button
+to generate local files, suitable for environments where ActiveX is unavailable:
+
+```js
+Downloadify.create(id,{
+  /* other options are required! read the downloadify docs for more info */
+  filename: "test.xlsx",
+  data: function() { return XLSX.write(wb, {bookType:"xlsx", type:"base64"}); },
+  append: false,
+  dataType: "base64"
+});
+```
+
+The [`oldie` demo](demos/oldie/) shows an IE-compatible fallback scenario.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Browser upload file (ajax)</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+A complete example using XHR is [included in the XHR demo](demos/xhr/), along
+with examples for fetch and wrapper libraries.  This example assumes the server
+can handle Base64-encoded files (see the demo for a basic nodejs server):
+
+```js
+/* in this example, send a base64 string to the server */
+var wopts = { bookType:"xlsx", bookSST:false, type:"base64" };
+
+var wbout = XLSX.write(workbook,wopts);
+
+var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
+req.open("POST", "/upload", true);
+var formdata = new FormData();
+formdata.append("file", "test.xlsx"); // <-- server expects `file` to hold name
+formdata.append("data", wbout); // <-- `data` holds the base64-encoded data
+req.send(formdata);
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>PhantomJS (Headless Webkit) File Generation</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+The [`headless` demo](demos/headless/) includes a complete demo to convert HTML
+files to XLSB workbooks using [PhantomJS](https://phantomjs.org/). PhantomJS
+`fs.write` supports writing files from the main process but has a different
+interface from the NodeJS `fs` module:
+
+```js
+var XLSX = require('xlsx');
+var fs = require('fs');
+
+/* generate a binary string */
+var bin = XLSX.write(workbook, { type:"binary", bookType: "xlsx" });
+/* write to file */
+fs.write("test.xlsx", bin, "wb");
+```
+
+Note: The section ["Processing HTML Tables"](#processing-html-tables) shows how
+to generate a workbook from HTML tables in a page in "Headless WebKit".
+
+</details>
+
+
+
+The [included demos](demos/) cover mobile apps and other special deployments.
+
+### Writing Examples
+
+- <http://sheetjs.com/demos/table.html> exporting an HTML table
+- <http://sheetjs.com/demos/writexlsx.html> generates a simple file
+
+### Streaming Write
+
+The streaming write functions are available in the `XLSX.stream` object.  They
+take the same arguments as the normal write functions but return a NodeJS
+Readable Stream.
+
+- `XLSX.stream.to_csv` is the streaming version of `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv`.
+- `XLSX.stream.to_html` is the streaming version of `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html`.
+- `XLSX.stream.to_json` is the streaming version of `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json`.
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>nodejs convert to CSV and write file</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+```js
+var output_file_name = "out.csv";
+var stream = XLSX.stream.to_csv(worksheet);
+stream.pipe(fs.createWriteStream(output_file_name));
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>nodejs write JSON stream to screen</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+```js
+/* to_json returns an object-mode stream */
+var stream = XLSX.stream.to_json(worksheet, {raw:true});
+
+/* the following stream converts JS objects to text via JSON.stringify */
+var conv = new Transform({writableObjectMode:true});
+conv._transform = function(obj, e, cb){ cb(null, JSON.stringify(obj) + "\n"); };
+
+stream.pipe(conv); conv.pipe(process.stdout);
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Exporting NUMBERS files</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+The NUMBERS writer requires a fairly large base.  The supplementary `xlsx.zahl`
+scripts provide support.  `xlsx.zahl.js` is designed for standalone and NodeJS
+use, while `xlsx.zahl.mjs` is suitable for ESM.
+
+_Browser_
+
+```html
+<meta charset="utf8">
+<script src="xlsx.full.min.js"></script>
+<script src="xlsx.zahl.js"></script>
+<script>
+var wb = XLSX.utils.book_new(); var ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([
+  ["SheetJS", "<3","விரிதாள்"],
+  [72,,"Arbeitsblätter"],
+  [,62,"数据"],
+  [true,false,],
+]); XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, "Sheet1");
+XLSX.writeFile(wb, "textport.numbers", {numbers: XLSX_ZAHL, compression: true});
+</script>
+```
+
+_Node_
+
+```js
+var XLSX = require("./xlsx.flow");
+var XLSX_ZAHL = require("./dist/xlsx.zahl");
+var wb = XLSX.utils.book_new(); var ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([
+  ["SheetJS", "<3","விரிதாள்"],
+  [72,,"Arbeitsblätter"],
+  [,62,"数据"],
+  [true,false,],
+]); XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, "Sheet1");
+XLSX.writeFile(wb, "textport.numbers", {numbers: XLSX_ZAHL, compression: true});
+```
+
+_Deno_
+
+```ts
+import * as XLSX from './xlsx.mjs';
+import XLSX_ZAHL from './dist/xlsx.zahl.mjs';
+
+var wb = XLSX.utils.book_new(); var ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([
+  ["SheetJS", "<3","விரிதாள்"],
+  [72,,"Arbeitsblätter"],
+  [,62,"数据"],
+  [true,false,],
+]); XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, "Sheet1");
+XLSX.writeFile(wb, "textports.numbers", {numbers: XLSX_ZAHL, compression: true});
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<https://github.com/sheetjs/sheetaki> pipes write streams to nodejs response.
+
+### Generating JSON and JS Data
+
+JSON and JS data tend to represent single worksheets. The utility functions in
+this section work with single worksheets.
+
+The ["Common Spreadsheet Format"](#common-spreadsheet-format) section describes
+the object structure in more detail.  `workbook.SheetNames` is an ordered list
+of the worksheet names.  `workbook.Sheets` is an object whose keys are sheet
+names and whose values are worksheet objects.
+
+The "first worksheet" is stored at `workbook.Sheets[workbook.SheetNames[0]]`.
+
+**API**
+
+_Create an array of JS objects from a worksheet_
+
+```js
+var jsa = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(worksheet, opts);
+```
+
+_Create an array of arrays of JS values from a worksheet_
+
+```js
+var aoa = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(worksheet, {...opts, header: 1});
+```
+
+The `sheet_to_json` utility function walks a workbook in row-major order,
+generating an array of objects.  The second `opts` argument controls a number of
+export decisions including the type of values (JS values or formatted text). The
+["JSON"](#json) section describes the argument in more detail.
+
+By default, `sheet_to_json` scans the first row and uses the values as headers.
+With the `header: 1` option, the function exports an array of arrays of values.
+
+**Examples**
+
+[`x-spreadsheet`](https://github.com/myliang/x-spreadsheet) is an interactive
+data grid for previewing and modifying structured data in the web browser.  The
+[`xspreadsheet` demo](/demos/xspreadsheet) includes a sample script with the
+`stox` function for converting from a workbook to x-spreadsheet data object.
+<https://oss.sheetjs.com/sheetjs/x-spreadsheet> is a live demo.
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Previewing data in a React data grid</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+[`react-data-grid`](https://npm.im/react-data-grid) is a data grid tailored for
+react.  It expects two properties: `rows` of data objects and `columns` which
+describe the columns.  For the purposes of massaging the data to fit the react
+data grid API it is easiest to start from an array of arrays.
+
+This demo starts by fetching a remote file and using `XLSX.read` to extract:
+
+```js
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import DataGrid from "react-data-grid";
+import { read, utils } from "xlsx";
+
+const url = "https://oss.sheetjs.com/test_files/RkNumber.xls";
+
+export default function App() {
+  const [columns, setColumns] = useState([]);
+  const [rows, setRows] = useState([]);
+  useEffect(() => {(async () => {
+    const wb = read(await (await fetch(url)).arrayBuffer(), { WTF: 1 });
+
+    /* use sheet_to_json with header: 1 to generate an array of arrays */
+    const data = utils.sheet_to_json(wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]], { header: 1 });
+
+    /* see react-data-grid docs to understand the shape of the expected data */
+    setColumns(data[0].map((r) => ({ key: r, name: r })));
+    setRows(data.slice(1).map((r) => r.reduce((acc, x, i) => {
+      acc[data[0][i]] = x;
+      return acc;
+    }, {})));
+  })(); });
+
+  return <DataGrid columns={columns} rows={rows} />;
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Previewing data in a VueJS data grid</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+[`vue3-table-lite`](https://github.com/linmasahiro/vue3-table-lite) is a simple
+VueJS 3 data table.  It is featured [in the VueJS demo](/demos/vue/modify/).
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Populating a database (SQL or no-SQL)</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+The [`database` demo](/demos/database/) includes examples of working with
+databases and query results.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Numerical Computations with TensorFlow.js</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+[`@tensorflow/tfjs`](@tensorflow/tfjs) and other libraries expect data in simple
+arrays, well-suited for worksheets where each column is a data vector.  That is
+the transpose of how most people use spreadsheets, where each row is a vector.
+
+A single `Array#map` can pull individual named rows from `sheet_to_json` export:
+
+```js
+const XLSX = require("xlsx");
+const tf = require('@tensorflow/tfjs');
+
+const key = "age"; // this is the field we want to pull
+const ages = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(worksheet).map(r => r[key]);
+const tf_data = tf.tensor1d(ages);
+```
+
+All fields can be processed at once using a transpose of the 2D tensor generated
+with the `sheet_to_json` export with `header: 1`. The first row, if it contains
+header labels, should be removed with a slice:
+
+```js
+const XLSX = require("xlsx");
+const tf = require('@tensorflow/tfjs');
+
+/* array of arrays of the data starting on the second row */
+const aoa = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(worksheet, {header: 1}).slice(1);
+/* dataset in the "correct orientation" */
+const tf_dataset = tf.tensor2d(aoa).transpose();
+/* pull out each dataset with a slice */
+const tf_field0 = tf_dataset.slice([0,0], [1,tensor.shape[1]]).flatten();
+const tf_field1 = tf_dataset.slice([1,0], [1,tensor.shape[1]]).flatten();
+```
+
+The [`array` demo](demos/array/) shows a complete example.
+
+</details>
+
+
+### Generating HTML Tables
+
+**API**
+
+_Generate HTML Table from Worksheet_
+
+```js
+var html = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(worksheet);
+```
+
+The `sheet_to_html` utility function generates HTML code based on the worksheet
+data.  Each cell in the worksheet is mapped to a `<TD>` element.  Merged cells
+in the worksheet are serialized by setting `colspan` and `rowspan` attributes.
+
+**Examples**
+
+The `sheet_to_html` utility function generates HTML code that can be added to
+any DOM element by setting the `innerHTML`:
+
+```js
+var container = document.getElementById("tavolo");
+container.innerHTML = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(worksheet);
+```
+
+Combining with `fetch`, constructing a site from a workbook is straightforward:
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Vanilla JS + HTML fetch workbook and generate table previews</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+```html
+<body>
+  <style>TABLE { border-collapse: collapse; } TD { border: 1px solid; }</style>
+  <div id="tavolo"></div>
+  <script src="https://unpkg.com/xlsx/dist/xlsx.full.min.js"></script>
+  <script type="text/javascript">
+(async() => {
+  /* fetch and parse workbook -- see the fetch example for details */
+  const workbook = XLSX.read(await (await fetch("sheetjs.xlsx")).arrayBuffer());
+
+  let output = [];
+  /* loop through the worksheet names in order */
+  workbook.SheetNames.forEach(name => {
+
+    /* generate HTML from the corresponding worksheets */
+    const worksheet = workbook.Sheets[name];
+    const html = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(worksheet);
+
+    /* add a header with the title name followed by the table */
+    output.push(`<H3>${name}</H3>${html}`);
+  });
+  /* write to the DOM at the end */
+  tavolo.innerHTML = output.join("\n");
+})();
+  </script>
+</body>
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>React fetch workbook and generate HTML table previews</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+It is generally recommended to use a React-friendly workflow, but it is possible
+to generate HTML and use it in React with `dangerouslySetInnerHTML`:
+
+```jsx
+function Tabeller(props) {
+  /* the workbook object is the state */
+  const [workbook, setWorkbook] = React.useState(XLSX.utils.book_new());
+
+  /* fetch and update the workbook with an effect */
+  React.useEffect(() => { (async() => {
+    /* fetch and parse workbook -- see the fetch example for details */
+    const wb = XLSX.read(await (await fetch("sheetjs.xlsx")).arrayBuffer());
+    setWorkbook(wb);
+  })(); });
+
+  return workbook.SheetNames.map(name => (<>
+    <h3>name</h3>
+    <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{
+      /* this __html mantra is needed to set the inner HTML */
+      __html: XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(workbook.Sheets[name])
+    }} />
+  </>));
+}
+```
+
+The [`react` demo](demos/react) includes more React examples.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>VueJS fetch workbook and generate HTML table previews</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+It is generally recommended to use a VueJS-friendly workflow, but it is possible
+to generate HTML and use it in VueJS with the `v-html` directive:
+
+```jsx
+import { read, utils } from 'xlsx';
+import { reactive } from 'vue';
+
+const S5SComponent = {
+  mounted() { (async() => {
+    /* fetch and parse workbook -- see the fetch example for details */
+    const workbook = read(await (await fetch("sheetjs.xlsx")).arrayBuffer());
+    /* loop through the worksheet names in order */
+    workbook.SheetNames.forEach(name => {
+      /* generate HTML from the corresponding worksheets */
+      const html = utils.sheet_to_html(workbook.Sheets[name]);
+      /* add to state */
+      this.wb.wb.push({ name, html });
+    });
+  })(); },
+  /* this state mantra is required for array updates to work */
+  setup() { return { wb: reactive({ wb: [] }) }; },
+  template: `
+  <div v-for="ws in wb.wb" :key="ws.name">
+    <h3>{{ ws.name }}</h3>
+    <div v-html="ws.html"></div>
+  </div>`
+};
+```
+
+The [`vuejs` demo](demos/vue) includes more React examples.
+
+</details>
+
+### Generating Single-Worksheet Snapshots
+
+The `sheet_to_*` functions accept a worksheet object.
+
+**API**
+
+_Generate a CSV from a single worksheet_
+
+```js
+var csv = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv(worksheet, opts);
+```
+
+This snapshot is designed to replicate the "CSV UTF8 (`.csv`)" output type.
+["Delimiter-Separated Output"](#delimiter-separated-output) describes the
+function and the optional `opts` argument in more detail.
+
+_Generate "Text" from a single worksheet_
+
+```js
+var txt = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_txt(worksheet, opts);
+```
+
+This snapshot is designed to replicate the "UTF16 Text (`.txt`)" output type.
+["Delimiter-Separated Output"](#delimiter-separated-output) describes the
+function and the optional `opts` argument in more detail.
+
+_Generate a list of formulae from a single worksheet_
+
+```js
+var fmla = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_formulae(worksheet);
+```
+
+This snapshot generates an array of entries representing the embedded formulae.
+Array formulae are rendered in the form `range=formula` while plain cells are
+rendered in the form `cell=formula or value`.  String literals are prefixed with
+an apostrophe `'`, consistent with Excel's formula bar display.
+
+["Formulae Output"](#formulae-output) describes the function in more detail.
+
+## Interface
+
+`XLSX` is the exposed variable in the browser and the exported node variable
+
+`XLSX.version` is the version of the library (added by the build script).
+
+`XLSX.SSF` is an embedded version of the [format library](https://git.io/ssf).
+
+### Parsing functions
+
+`XLSX.read(data, read_opts)` attempts to parse `data`.
+
+`XLSX.readFile(filename, read_opts)` attempts to read `filename` and parse.
+
+Parse options are described in the [Parsing Options](#parsing-options) section.
+
+### Writing functions
+
+`XLSX.write(wb, write_opts)` attempts to write the workbook `wb`
+
+`XLSX.writeFile(wb, filename, write_opts)` attempts to write `wb` to `filename`.
+In browser-based environments, it will attempt to force a client-side download.
+
+`XLSX.writeFileAsync(wb, filename, o, cb)` attempts to write `wb` to `filename`.
+If `o` is omitted, the writer will use the third argument as the callback.
+
+`XLSX.stream` contains a set of streaming write functions.
+
+Write options are described in the [Writing Options](#writing-options) section.
+
+### Utilities
+
+Utilities are available in the `XLSX.utils` object and are described in the
+[Utility Functions](#utility-functions) section:
+
+**Constructing:**
+
+- `book_new` creates an empty workbook
+- `book_append_sheet` adds a worksheet to a workbook
+
+**Importing:**
+
+- `aoa_to_sheet` converts an array of arrays of JS data to a worksheet.
+- `json_to_sheet` converts an array of JS objects to a worksheet.
+- `table_to_sheet` converts a DOM TABLE element to a worksheet.
+- `sheet_add_aoa` adds an array of arrays of JS data to an existing worksheet.
+- `sheet_add_json` adds an array of JS objects to an existing worksheet.
+
+
+**Exporting:**
+
+- `sheet_to_json` converts a worksheet object to an array of JSON objects.
+- `sheet_to_csv` generates delimiter-separated-values output.
+- `sheet_to_txt` generates UTF16 formatted text.
+- `sheet_to_html` generates HTML output.
+- `sheet_to_formulae` generates a list of the formulae (with value fallbacks).
+
+
+**Cell and cell address manipulation:**
+
+- `format_cell` generates the text value for a cell (using number formats).
+- `encode_row / decode_row` converts between 0-indexed rows and 1-indexed rows.
+- `encode_col / decode_col` converts between 0-indexed columns and column names.
+- `encode_cell / decode_cell` converts cell addresses.
+- `encode_range / decode_range` converts cell ranges.
+
+## Common Spreadsheet Format
+
+SheetJS conforms to the Common Spreadsheet Format (CSF):
+
+### General Structures
+
+Cell address objects are stored as `{c:C, r:R}` where `C` and `R` are 0-indexed
+column and row numbers, respectively.  For example, the cell address `B5` is
+represented by the object `{c:1, r:4}`.
+
+Cell range objects are stored as `{s:S, e:E}` where `S` is the first cell and
+`E` is the last cell in the range.  The ranges are inclusive.  For example, the
+range `A3:B7` is represented by the object `{s:{c:0, r:2}, e:{c:1, r:6}}`.
+Utility functions perform a row-major order walk traversal of a sheet range:
+
+```js
+for(var R = range.s.r; R <= range.e.r; ++R) {
+  for(var C = range.s.c; C <= range.e.c; ++C) {
+    var cell_address = {c:C, r:R};
+    /* if an A1-style address is needed, encode the address */
+    var cell_ref = XLSX.utils.encode_cell(cell_address);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Cell Object
+
+Cell objects are plain JS objects with keys and values following the convention:
+
+| Key | Description                                                            |
+| --- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `v` | raw value (see Data Types section for more info)                       |
+| `w` | formatted text (if applicable)                                         |
+| `t` | type: `b` Boolean, `e` Error, `n` Number, `d` Date, `s` Text, `z` Stub |
+| `f` | cell formula encoded as an A1-style string (if applicable)             |
+| `F` | range of enclosing array if formula is array formula (if applicable)   |
+| `D` | if true, array formula is dynamic (if applicable)                      |
+| `r` | rich text encoding (if applicable)                                     |
+| `h` | HTML rendering of the rich text (if applicable)                        |
+| `c` | comments associated with the cell                                      |
+| `z` | number format string associated with the cell (if requested)           |
+| `l` | cell hyperlink object (`.Target` holds link, `.Tooltip` is tooltip)    |
+| `s` | the style/theme of the cell (if applicable)                            |
+
+Built-in export utilities (such as the CSV exporter) will use the `w` text if it
+is available.  To change a value, be sure to delete `cell.w` (or set it to
+`undefined`) before attempting to export.  The utilities will regenerate the `w`
+text from the number format (`cell.z`) and the raw value if possible.
+
+The actual array formula is stored in the `f` field of the first cell in the
+array range.  Other cells in the range will omit the `f` field.
+
+#### Data Types
+
+The raw value is stored in the `v` value property, interpreted based on the `t`
+type property.  This separation allows for representation of numbers as well as
+numeric text.  There are 6 valid cell types:
+
+| Type | Description                                                           |
+| :--: | :-------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `b`  | Boolean: value interpreted as JS `boolean`                            |
+| `e`  | Error: value is a numeric code and `w` property stores common name ** |
+| `n`  | Number: value is a JS `number` **                                     |
+| `d`  | Date: value is a JS `Date` object or string to be parsed as Date **   |
+| `s`  | Text: value interpreted as JS `string` and written as text **         |
+| `z`  | Stub: blank stub cell that is ignored by data processing utilities ** |
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Error values and interpretation</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+|  Value | Error Meaning   |
+| -----: | :-------------- |
+| `0x00` | `#NULL!`        |
+| `0x07` | `#DIV/0!`       |
+| `0x0F` | `#VALUE!`       |
+| `0x17` | `#REF!`         |
+| `0x1D` | `#NAME?`        |
+| `0x24` | `#NUM!`         |
+| `0x2A` | `#N/A`          |
+| `0x2B` | `#GETTING_DATA` |
+
+</details>
+
+Type `n` is the Number type. This includes all forms of data that Excel stores
+as numbers, such as dates/times and Boolean fields.  Excel exclusively uses data
+that can be fit in an IEEE754 floating point number, just like JS Number, so the
+`v` field holds the raw number.  The `w` field holds formatted text.  Dates are
+stored as numbers by default and converted with `XLSX.SSF.parse_date_code`.
+
+Type `d` is the Date type, generated only when the option `cellDates` is passed.
+Since JSON does not have a natural Date type, parsers are generally expected to
+store ISO 8601 Date strings like you would get from `date.toISOString()`.  On
+the other hand, writers and exporters should be able to handle date strings and
+JS Date objects.  Note that Excel disregards timezone modifiers and treats all
+dates in the local timezone.  The library does not correct for this error.
+
+Type `s` is the String type.  Values are explicitly stored as text.  Excel will
+interpret these cells as "number stored as text".  Generated Excel files
+automatically suppress that class of error, but other formats may elicit errors.
+
+Type `z` represents blank stub cells.  They are generated in cases where cells
+have no assigned value but hold comments or other metadata. They are ignored by
+the core library data processing utility functions.  By default these cells are
+not generated; the parser `sheetStubs` option must be set to `true`.
+
+
+#### Dates
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Excel Date Code details</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+By default, Excel stores dates as numbers with a format code that specifies date
+processing.  For example, the date `19-Feb-17` is stored as the number `42785`
+with a number format of `d-mmm-yy`.  The `SSF` module understands number formats
+and performs the appropriate conversion.
+
+XLSX also supports a special date type `d` where the data is an ISO 8601 date
+string.  The formatter converts the date back to a number.
+
+The default behavior for all parsers is to generate number cells.  Setting
+`cellDates` to true will force the generators to store dates.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Time Zones and Dates</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+Excel has no native concept of universal time.  All times are specified in the
+local time zone.  Excel limitations prevent specifying true absolute dates.
+
+Following Excel, this library treats all dates as relative to local time zone.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Epochs: 1900 and 1904</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+Excel supports two epochs (January 1 1900 and January 1 1904).
+The workbook's epoch can be determined by examining the workbook's
+`wb.Workbook.WBProps.date1904` property:
+
+```js
+!!(((wb.Workbook||{}).WBProps||{}).date1904)
+```
+
+</details>
+
+### Sheet Objects
+
+Each key that does not start with `!` maps to a cell (using `A-1` notation)
+
+`sheet[address]` returns the cell object for the specified address.
+
+**Special sheet keys (accessible as `sheet[key]`, each starting with `!`):**
+
+- `sheet['!ref']`: A-1 based range representing the sheet range. Functions that
+  work with sheets should use this parameter to determine the range.  Cells that
+  are assigned outside of the range are not processed.  In particular, when
+  writing a sheet by hand, cells outside of the range are not included
+
+  Functions that handle sheets should test for the presence of `!ref` field.
+  If the `!ref` is omitted or is not a valid range, functions are free to treat
+  the sheet as empty or attempt to guess the range.  The standard utilities that
+  ship with this library treat sheets as empty (for example, the CSV output is
+  empty string).
+
+  When reading a worksheet with the `sheetRows` property set, the ref parameter
+  will use the restricted range.  The original range is set at `ws['!fullref']`
+
+- `sheet['!margins']`: Object representing the page margins.  The default values
+  follow Excel's "normal" preset.  Excel also has a "wide" and a "narrow" preset
+  but they are stored as raw measurements. The main properties are listed below:
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Page margin details</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+| key      | description            | "normal" | "wide" | "narrow" |
+|----------|------------------------|:---------|:-------|:-------- |
+| `left`   | left margin (inches)   | `0.7`    | `1.0`  | `0.25`   |
+| `right`  | right margin (inches)  | `0.7`    | `1.0`  | `0.25`   |
+| `top`    | top margin (inches)    | `0.75`   | `1.0`  | `0.75`   |
+| `bottom` | bottom margin (inches) | `0.75`   | `1.0`  | `0.75`   |
+| `header` | header margin (inches) | `0.3`    | `0.5`  | `0.3`    |
+| `footer` | footer margin (inches) | `0.3`    | `0.5`  | `0.3`    |
+
+```js
+/* Set worksheet sheet to "normal" */
+ws["!margins"]={left:0.7, right:0.7, top:0.75,bottom:0.75,header:0.3,footer:0.3}
+/* Set worksheet sheet to "wide" */
+ws["!margins"]={left:1.0, right:1.0, top:1.0, bottom:1.0, header:0.5,footer:0.5}
+/* Set worksheet sheet to "narrow" */
+ws["!margins"]={left:0.25,right:0.25,top:0.75,bottom:0.75,header:0.3,footer:0.3}
+```
+</details>
+
+#### Worksheet Object
+
+In addition to the base sheet keys, worksheets also add:
+
+- `ws['!cols']`: array of column properties objects.  Column widths are actually
+  stored in files in a normalized manner, measured in terms of the "Maximum
+  Digit Width" (the largest width of the rendered digits 0-9, in pixels).  When
+  parsed, the column objects store the pixel width in the `wpx` field, character
+  width in the `wch` field, and the maximum digit width in the `MDW` field.
+
+- `ws['!rows']`: array of row properties objects as explained later in the docs.
+  Each row object encodes properties including row height and visibility.
+
+- `ws['!merges']`: array of range objects corresponding to the merged cells in
+  the worksheet.  Plain text formats do not support merge cells.  CSV export
+  will write all cells in the merge range if they exist, so be sure that only
+  the first cell (upper-left) in the range is set.
+
+- `ws['!outline']`: configure how outlines should behave.  Options default to
+  the default settings in Excel 2019:
+
+| key       | Excel feature                                 | default |
+|:----------|:----------------------------------------------|:--------|
+| `above`   | Uncheck "Summary rows below detail"           | `false` |
+| `left`    | Uncheck "Summary rows to the right of detail" | `false` |
+
+- `ws['!protect']`: object of write sheet protection properties.  The `password`
+  key specifies the password for formats that support password-protected sheets
+  (XLSX/XLSB/XLS).  The writer uses the XOR obfuscation method.  The following
+  keys control the sheet protection -- set to `false` to enable a feature when
+  sheet is locked or set to `true` to disable a feature:
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Worksheet Protection Details</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+| key                   | feature (true=disabled / false=enabled) | default    |
+|:----------------------|:----------------------------------------|:-----------|
+| `selectLockedCells`   | Select locked cells                     | enabled    |
+| `selectUnlockedCells` | Select unlocked cells                   | enabled    |
+| `formatCells`         | Format cells                            | disabled   |
+| `formatColumns`       | Format columns                          | disabled   |
+| `formatRows`          | Format rows                             | disabled   |
+| `insertColumns`       | Insert columns                          | disabled   |
+| `insertRows`          | Insert rows                             | disabled   |
+| `insertHyperlinks`    | Insert hyperlinks                       | disabled   |
+| `deleteColumns`       | Delete columns                          | disabled   |
+| `deleteRows`          | Delete rows                             | disabled   |
+| `sort`                | Sort                                    | disabled   |
+| `autoFilter`          | Filter                                  | disabled   |
+| `pivotTables`         | Use PivotTable reports                  | disabled   |
+| `objects`             | Edit objects                            | enabled    |
+| `scenarios`           | Edit scenarios                          | enabled    |
+</details>
+
+- `ws['!autofilter']`: AutoFilter object following the schema:
+
+```typescript
+type AutoFilter = {
+  ref:string; // A-1 based range representing the AutoFilter table range
+}
+```
+
+#### Chartsheet Object
+
+Chartsheets are represented as standard sheets.  They are distinguished with the
+`!type` property set to `"chart"`.
+
+The underlying data and `!ref` refer to the cached data in the chartsheet.  The
+first row of the chartsheet is the underlying header.
+
+#### Macrosheet Object
+
+Macrosheets are represented as standard sheets.  They are distinguished with the
+`!type` property set to `"macro"`.
+
+#### Dialogsheet Object
+
+Dialogsheets are represented as standard sheets. They are distinguished with the
+`!type` property set to `"dialog"`.
+
+### Workbook Object
+
+`workbook.SheetNames` is an ordered list of the sheets in the workbook
+
+`wb.Sheets[sheetname]` returns an object representing the worksheet.
+
+`wb.Props` is an object storing the standard properties.  `wb.Custprops` stores
+custom properties.  Since the XLS standard properties deviate from the XLSX
+standard, XLS parsing stores core properties in both places.
+
+`wb.Workbook` stores [workbook-level attributes](#workbook-level-attributes).
+
+#### Workbook File Properties
+
+The various file formats use different internal names for file properties.  The
+workbook `Props` object normalizes the names:
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>File Properties</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+| JS Name       | Excel Description              |
+|:--------------|:-------------------------------|
+| `Title`       | Summary tab "Title"            |
+| `Subject`     | Summary tab "Subject"          |
+| `Author`      | Summary tab "Author"           |
+| `Manager`     | Summary tab "Manager"          |
+| `Company`     | Summary tab "Company"          |
+| `Category`    | Summary tab "Category"         |
+| `Keywords`    | Summary tab "Keywords"         |
+| `Comments`    | Summary tab "Comments"         |
+| `LastAuthor`  | Statistics tab "Last saved by" |
+| `CreatedDate` | Statistics tab "Created"       |
+
+</details>
+
+For example, to set the workbook title property:
+
+```js
+if(!wb.Props) wb.Props = {};
+wb.Props.Title = "Insert Title Here";
+```
+
+Custom properties are added in the workbook `Custprops` object:
+
+```js
+if(!wb.Custprops) wb.Custprops = {};
+wb.Custprops["Custom Property"] = "Custom Value";
+```
+
+Writers will process the `Props` key of the options object:
+
+```js
+/* force the Author to be "SheetJS" */
+XLSX.write(wb, {Props:{Author:"SheetJS"}});
+```
+
+### Workbook-Level Attributes
+
+`wb.Workbook` stores workbook-level attributes.
+
+#### Defined Names
+
+`wb.Workbook.Names` is an array of defined name objects which have the keys:
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Defined Name Properties</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+| Key       | Description                                                      |
+|:----------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `Sheet`   | Name scope.  Sheet Index (0 = first sheet) or `null` (Workbook)  |
+| `Name`    | Case-sensitive name.  Standard rules apply **                    |
+| `Ref`     | A1-style Reference (`"Sheet1!$A$1:$D$20"`)                       |
+| `Comment` | Comment (only applicable for XLS/XLSX/XLSB)                      |
+
+</details>
+
+Excel allows two sheet-scoped defined names to share the same name.  However, a
+sheet-scoped name cannot collide with a workbook-scope name.  Workbook writers
+may not enforce this constraint.
+
+#### Workbook Views
+
+`wb.Workbook.Views` is an array of workbook view objects which have the keys:
+
+| Key             | Description                                         |
+|:----------------|:----------------------------------------------------|
+| `RTL`           | If true, display right-to-left                      |
+
+#### Miscellaneous Workbook Properties
+
+`wb.Workbook.WBProps` holds other workbook properties:
+
+| Key             | Description                                         |
+|:----------------|:----------------------------------------------------|
+| `CodeName`      | [VBA Project Workbook Code Name](#vba-and-macros)   |
+| `date1904`      | epoch: 0/false for 1900 system, 1/true for 1904     |
+| `filterPrivacy` | Warn or strip personally identifying info on save   |
+
+### Document Features
+
+Even for basic features like date storage, the official Excel formats store the
+same content in different ways.  The parsers are expected to convert from the
+underlying file format representation to the Common Spreadsheet Format.  Writers
+are expected to convert from CSF back to the underlying file format.
+
+#### Formulae
+
+The A1-style formula string is stored in the `f` field.  Even though different
+file formats store the formulae in different ways, the formats are translated.
+Even though some formats store formulae with a leading equal sign, CSF formulae
+do not start with `=`.
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Formulae File Format Support</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+| Storage Representation | Formats                  | Read  | Write |
+|:-----------------------|:-------------------------|:-----:|:-----:|
+| A1-style strings       | XLSX                     |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| RC-style strings       | XLML and plain text      |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| BIFF Parsed formulae   | XLSB and all XLS formats |   ✔   |       |
+| OpenFormula formulae   | ODS/FODS/UOS             |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| Lotus Parsed formulae  | All Lotus WK_ formats    |   ✔   |       |
+
+Since Excel prohibits named cells from colliding with names of A1 or RC style
+cell references, a (not-so-simple) regex conversion is possible.  BIFF Parsed
+formulae and Lotus Parsed formulae have to be explicitly unwound.  OpenFormula
+formulae can be converted with regular expressions.
+
+Shared formulae are decompressed and each cell has the formula corresponding to
+its cell.  Writers generally do not attempt to generate shared formulae.
+</details>
+
+**Single-Cell Formulae**
+
+For simple formulae, the `f` key of the desired cell can be set to the actual
+formula text.  This worksheet represents `A1=1`, `A2=2`, and `A3=A1+A2`:
+
+```js
+var worksheet = {
+  "!ref": "A1:A3",
+  A1: { t:'n', v:1 },
+  A2: { t:'n', v:2 },
+  A3: { t:'n', v:3, f:'A1+A2' }
+};
+```
+
+Utilities like `aoa_to_sheet` will accept cell objects in lieu of values:
+
+```js
+var worksheet = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([
+  [ 1 ], // A1
+  [ 2 ], // A2
+  [ {t: "n", v: 3, f: "A1+A2"} ] // A3
+]);
+```
+
+Cells with formula entries but no value will be serialized in a way that Excel
+and other spreadsheet tools will recognize.  This library will not automatically
+compute formula results!  For example, the following worksheet will include the
+`BESSELJ` function but the result will not be available in JavaScript:
+
+```js
+var worksheet = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([
+  [ 3.14159, 2 ], // Row "1"
+  [ { t:'n', f:'BESSELJ(A1,B1)' } ] // Row "2" will be calculated on file open
+}
+```
+
+If the actual results are needed in JS, [SheetJS Pro](https://sheetjs.com/pro)
+offers a formula calculator component for evaluating expressions, updating
+values and dependent cells, and refreshing entire workbooks.
+
+
+**Array Formulae**
+
+_Assign an array formula_
+
+```js
+XLSX.utils.sheet_set_array_formula(worksheet, range, formula);
+```
+
+Array formulae are stored in the top-left cell of the array block.  All cells
+of an array formula have a `F` field corresponding to the range.  A single-cell
+formula can be distinguished from a plain formula by the presence of `F` field.
+
+For example, setting the cell `C1` to the array formula `{=SUM(A1:A3*B1:B3)}`:
+
+```js
+// API function
+XLSX.utils.sheet_set_array_formula(worksheet, "C1", "SUM(A1:A3*B1:B3)");
+
+// ... OR raw operations
+worksheet['C1'] = { t:'n', f: "SUM(A1:A3*B1:B3)", F:"C1:C1" };
+```
+
+For a multi-cell array formula, every cell has the same array range but only the
+first cell specifies the formula.  Consider `D1:D3=A1:A3*B1:B3`:
+
+```js
+// API function
+XLSX.utils.sheet_set_array_formula(worksheet, "D1:D3", "A1:A3*B1:B3");
+
+// ... OR raw operations
+worksheet['D1'] = { t:'n', F:"D1:D3", f:"A1:A3*B1:B3" };
+worksheet['D2'] = { t:'n', F:"D1:D3" };
+worksheet['D3'] = { t:'n', F:"D1:D3" };
+```
+
+Utilities and writers are expected to check for the presence of a `F` field and
+ignore any possible formula element `f` in cells other than the starting cell.
+They are not expected to perform validation of the formulae!
+
+
+**Dynamic Array Formulae**
+
+_Assign a dynamic array formula_
+
+```js
+XLSX.utils.sheet_set_array_formula(worksheet, range, formula, true);
+```
+
+Released in 2020, Dynamic Array Formulae are supported in the XLSX/XLSM and XLSB
+file formats.  They are represented like normal array formulae but have special
+cell metadata indicating that the formula should be allowed to adjust the range.
+
+An array formula can be marked as dynamic by setting the cell's `D` property to
+true.  The `F` range is expected but can be the set to the current cell:
+
+```js
+// API function
+XLSX.utils.sheet_set_array_formula(worksheet, "C1", "_xlfn.UNIQUE(A1:A3)", 1);
+
+// ... OR raw operations
+worksheet['C1'] = { t: "s", f: "_xlfn.UNIQUE(A1:A3)", F:"C1", D: 1 }; // dynamic
+```
+
+**Localization with Function Names**
+
+SheetJS operates at the file level.  Excel stores formula expressions using the
+English (United States) function names.  For non-English users, Excel uses a
+localized set of function names.
+
+For example, when the computer language and region is set to French (France),
+Excel interprets `=SOMME(A1:C3)` as if `SOMME` is the `SUM` function.  However,
+in the actual file, Excel stores `SUM(A1:C3)`.
+
+**Prefixed "Future Functions"**
+
+Functions introduced in newer versions of Excel are prefixed with `_xlfn.` when
+stored in files.  When writing formula expressions using these functions, the
+prefix is required for maximal compatibility:
+
+```js
+// Broadest compatibility
+XLSX.utils.sheet_set_array_formula(worksheet, "C1", "_xlfn.UNIQUE(A1:A3)", 1);
+
+// Can cause errors in spreadsheet software
+XLSX.utils.sheet_set_array_formula(worksheet, "C1", "UNIQUE(A1:A3)", 1);
+```
+
+When reading a file, the `xlfn` option preserves the prefixes.
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b> Functions requiring `_xlfn.` prefix</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+This list is growing with each Excel release.
+
+```
+ACOT
+ACOTH
+AGGREGATE
+ARABIC
+BASE
+BETA.DIST
+BETA.INV
+BINOM.DIST
+BINOM.DIST.RANGE
+BINOM.INV
+BITAND
+BITLSHIFT
+BITOR
+BITRSHIFT
+BITXOR
+BYCOL
+BYROW
+CEILING.MATH
+CEILING.PRECISE
+CHISQ.DIST
+CHISQ.DIST.RT
+CHISQ.INV
+CHISQ.INV.RT
+CHISQ.TEST
+COMBINA
+CONFIDENCE.NORM
+CONFIDENCE.T
+COT
+COTH
+COVARIANCE.P
+COVARIANCE.S
+CSC
+CSCH
+DAYS
+DECIMAL
+ERF.PRECISE
+ERFC.PRECISE
+EXPON.DIST
+F.DIST
+F.DIST.RT
+F.INV
+F.INV.RT
+F.TEST
+FIELDVALUE
+FILTERXML
+FLOOR.MATH
+FLOOR.PRECISE
+FORMULATEXT
+GAMMA
+GAMMA.DIST
+GAMMA.INV
+GAMMALN.PRECISE
+GAUSS
+HYPGEOM.DIST
+IFNA
+IMCOSH
+IMCOT
+IMCSC
+IMCSCH
+IMSEC
+IMSECH
+IMSINH
+IMTAN
+ISFORMULA
+ISOMITTED
+ISOWEEKNUM
+LAMBDA
+LET
+LOGNORM.DIST
+LOGNORM.INV
+MAKEARRAY
+MAP
+MODE.MULT
+MODE.SNGL
+MUNIT
+NEGBINOM.DIST
+NORM.DIST
+NORM.INV
+NORM.S.DIST
+NORM.S.INV
+NUMBERVALUE
+PDURATION
+PERCENTILE.EXC
+PERCENTILE.INC
+PERCENTRANK.EXC
+PERCENTRANK.INC
+PERMUTATIONA
+PHI
+POISSON.DIST
+QUARTILE.EXC
+QUARTILE.INC
+QUERYSTRING
+RANDARRAY
+RANK.AVG
+RANK.EQ
+REDUCE
+RRI
+SCAN
+SEC
+SECH
+SEQUENCE
+SHEET
+SHEETS
+SKEW.P
+SORTBY
+STDEV.P
+STDEV.S
+T.DIST
+T.DIST.2T
+T.DIST.RT
+T.INV
+T.INV.2T
+T.TEST
+UNICHAR
+UNICODE
+UNIQUE
+VAR.P
+VAR.S
+WEBSERVICE
+WEIBULL.DIST
+XLOOKUP
+XOR
+Z.TEST
+```
+
+</details>
+
+#### Row and Column Properties
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Format Support</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+**Row Properties**: XLSX/M, XLSB, BIFF8 XLS, XLML, SYLK, DOM, ODS
+
+**Column Properties**: XLSX/M, XLSB, BIFF8 XLS, XLML, SYLK, DOM
+
+</details>
+
+
+Row and Column properties are not extracted by default when reading from a file
+and are not persisted by default when writing to a file. The option
+`cellStyles: true` must be passed to the relevant read or write function.
+
+_Column Properties_
+
+The `!cols` array in each worksheet, if present, is a collection of `ColInfo`
+objects which have the following properties:
+
+```typescript
+type ColInfo = {
+  /* visibility */
+  hidden?: boolean; // if true, the column is hidden
+
+  /* column width is specified in one of the following ways: */
+  wpx?:    number;  // width in screen pixels
+  width?:  number;  // width in Excel's "Max Digit Width", width*256 is integral
+  wch?:    number;  // width in characters
+
+  /* other fields for preserving features from files */
+  level?:  number;  // 0-indexed outline / group level
+  MDW?:    number;  // Excel's "Max Digit Width" unit, always integral
+};
+```
+
+_Row Properties_
+
+The `!rows` array in each worksheet, if present, is a collection of `RowInfo`
+objects which have the following properties:
+
+```typescript
+type RowInfo = {
+  /* visibility */
+  hidden?: boolean; // if true, the row is hidden
+
+  /* row height is specified in one of the following ways: */
+  hpx?:    number;  // height in screen pixels
+  hpt?:    number;  // height in points
+
+  level?:  number;  // 0-indexed outline / group level
+};
+```
+
+_Outline / Group Levels Convention_
+
+The Excel UI displays the base outline level as `1` and the max level as `8`.
+Following JS conventions, SheetJS uses 0-indexed outline levels wherein the base
+outline level is `0` and the max level is `7`.
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Why are there three width types?</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+There are three different width types corresponding to the three different ways
+spreadsheets store column widths:
+
+SYLK and other plain text formats use raw character count. Contemporaneous tools
+like Visicalc and Multiplan were character based.  Since the characters had the
+same width, it sufficed to store a count.  This tradition was continued into the
+BIFF formats.
+
+SpreadsheetML (2003) tried to align with HTML by standardizing on screen pixel
+count throughout the file.  Column widths, row heights, and other measures use
+pixels.  When the pixel and character counts do not align, Excel rounds values.
+
+XLSX internally stores column widths in a nebulous "Max Digit Width" form.  The
+Max Digit Width is the width of the largest digit when rendered (generally the
+"0" character is the widest).  The internal width must be an integer multiple of
+the the width divided by 256.  ECMA-376 describes a formula for converting
+between pixels and the internal width.  This represents a hybrid approach.
+
+Read functions attempt to populate all three properties.  Write functions will
+try to cycle specified values to the desired type.  In order to avoid potential
+conflicts, manipulation should delete the other properties first.  For example,
+when changing the pixel width, delete the `wch` and `width` properties.
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Implementation details</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+_Row Heights_
+
+Excel internally stores row heights in points.  The default resolution is 72 DPI
+or 96 PPI, so the pixel and point size should agree.  For different resolutions
+they may not agree, so the library separates the concepts.
+
+Even though all of the information is made available, writers are expected to
+follow the priority order:
+
+1) use `hpx` pixel height if available
+2) use `hpt` point height if available
+
+_Column Widths_
+
+Given the constraints, it is possible to determine the MDW without actually
+inspecting the font!  The parsers guess the pixel width by converting from width
+to pixels and back, repeating for all possible MDW and selecting the MDW that
+minimizes the error.  XLML actually stores the pixel width, so the guess works
+in the opposite direction.
+
+Even though all of the information is made available, writers are expected to
+follow the priority order:
+
+1) use `width` field if available
+2) use `wpx` pixel width if available
+3) use `wch` character count if available
+
+</details>
+
+#### Number Formats
+
+The `cell.w` formatted text for each cell is produced from `cell.v` and `cell.z`
+format.  If the format is not specified, the Excel `General` format is used.
+The format can either be specified as a string or as an index into the format
+table.  Parsers are expected to populate `workbook.SSF` with the number format
+table.  Writers are expected to serialize the table.
+
+Custom tools should ensure that the local table has each used format string
+somewhere in the table.  Excel convention mandates that the custom formats start
+at index 164.  The following example creates a custom format from scratch:
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>New worksheet with custom format</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+```js
+var wb = {
+  SheetNames: ["Sheet1"],
+  Sheets: {
+    Sheet1: {
+      "!ref":"A1:C1",
+      A1: { t:"n", v:10000 },                    // <-- General format
+      B1: { t:"n", v:10000, z: "0%" },           // <-- Builtin format
+      C1: { t:"n", v:10000, z: "\"T\"\ #0.00" }  // <-- Custom format
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+</details>
+
+The rules are slightly different from how Excel displays custom number formats.
+In particular, literal characters must be wrapped in double quotes or preceded
+by a backslash. For more info, see the Excel documentation article
+`Create or delete a custom number format` or ECMA-376 18.8.31 (Number Formats)
+
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Default Number Formats</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+The default formats are listed in ECMA-376 18.8.30:
+
+| ID | Format                     |
+|---:|:---------------------------|
+|  0 | `General`                  |
+|  1 | `0`                        |
+|  2 | `0.00`                     |
+|  3 | `#,##0`                    |
+|  4 | `#,##0.00`                 |
+|  9 | `0%`                       |
+| 10 | `0.00%`                    |
+| 11 | `0.00E+00`                 |
+| 12 | `# ?/?`                    |
+| 13 | `# ??/??`                  |
+| 14 | `m/d/yy` (see below)       |
+| 15 | `d-mmm-yy`                 |
+| 16 | `d-mmm`                    |
+| 17 | `mmm-yy`                   |
+| 18 | `h:mm AM/PM`               |
+| 19 | `h:mm:ss AM/PM`            |
+| 20 | `h:mm`                     |
+| 21 | `h:mm:ss`                  |
+| 22 | `m/d/yy h:mm`              |
+| 37 | `#,##0 ;(#,##0)`           |
+| 38 | `#,##0 ;[Red](#,##0)`      |
+| 39 | `#,##0.00;(#,##0.00)`      |
+| 40 | `#,##0.00;[Red](#,##0.00)` |
+| 45 | `mm:ss`                    |
+| 46 | `[h]:mm:ss`                |
+| 47 | `mmss.0`                   |
+| 48 | `##0.0E+0`                 |
+| 49 | `@`                        |
+
+</details>
+
+Format 14 (`m/d/yy`) is localized by Excel: even though the file specifies that
+number format, it will be drawn differently based on system settings.  It makes
+sense when the producer and consumer of files are in the same locale, but that
+is not always the case over the Internet.  To get around this ambiguity, parse
+functions accept the `dateNF` option to override the interpretation of that
+specific format string.
+
+#### Hyperlinks
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Format Support</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+**Cell Hyperlinks**: XLSX/M, XLSB, BIFF8 XLS, XLML, ODS
+
+**Tooltips**: XLSX/M, XLSB, BIFF8 XLS, XLML
+
+</details>
+
+Hyperlinks are stored in the `l` key of cell objects.  The `Target` field of the
+hyperlink object is the target of the link, including the URI fragment. Tooltips
+are stored in the `Tooltip` field and are displayed when you move your mouse
+over the text.
+
+For example, the following snippet creates a link from cell `A3` to
+<https://sheetjs.com> with the tip `"Find us @ SheetJS.com!"`:
+
+```js
+ws['A1'].l = { Target:"https://sheetjs.com", Tooltip:"Find us @ SheetJS.com!" };
+```
+
+Note that Excel does not automatically style hyperlinks -- they will generally
+be displayed as normal text.
+
+_Remote Links_
+
+HTTP / HTTPS links can be used directly:
+
+```js
+ws['A2'].l = { Target:"https://docs.sheetjs.com/#hyperlinks" };
+ws['A3'].l = { Target:"http://localhost:7262/yes_localhost_works" };
+```
+
+Excel also supports `mailto` email links with subject line:
+
+```js
+ws['A4'].l = { Target:"mailto:ignored@dev.null" };
+ws['A5'].l = { Target:"mailto:ignored@dev.null?subject=Test Subject" };
+```
+
+_Local Links_
+
+Links to absolute paths should use the `file://` URI scheme:
+
+```js
+ws['B1'].l = { Target:"file:///SheetJS/t.xlsx" }; /* Link to /SheetJS/t.xlsx */
+ws['B2'].l = { Target:"file:///c:/SheetJS.xlsx" }; /* Link to c:\SheetJS.xlsx */
+```
+
+Links to relative paths can be specified without a scheme:
+
+```js
+ws['B3'].l = { Target:"SheetJS.xlsb" }; /* Link to SheetJS.xlsb */
+ws['B4'].l = { Target:"../SheetJS.xlsm" }; /* Link to ../SheetJS.xlsm */
+```
+
+Relative Paths have undefined behavior in the SpreadsheetML 2003 format.  Excel
+2019 will treat a `..\` parent mark as two levels up.
+
+_Internal Links_
+
+Links where the target is a cell or range or defined name in the same workbook
+("Internal Links") are marked with a leading hash character:
+
+```js
+ws['C1'].l = { Target:"#E2" }; /* Link to cell E2 */
+ws['C2'].l = { Target:"#Sheet2!E2" }; /* Link to cell E2 in sheet Sheet2 */
+ws['C3'].l = { Target:"#SomeDefinedName" }; /* Link to Defined Name */
+```
+
+#### Cell Comments
+
+Cell comments are objects stored in the `c` array of cell objects.  The actual
+contents of the comment are split into blocks based on the comment author.  The
+`a` field of each comment object is the author of the comment and the `t` field
+is the plain text representation.
+
+For example, the following snippet appends a cell comment into cell `A1`:
+
+```js
+if(!ws.A1.c) ws.A1.c = [];
+ws.A1.c.push({a:"SheetJS", t:"I'm a little comment, short and stout!"});
+```
+
+Note: XLSB enforces a 54 character limit on the Author name.  Names longer than
+54 characters may cause issues with other formats.
+
+To mark a comment as normally hidden, set the `hidden` property:
+
+```js
+if(!ws.A1.c) ws.A1.c = [];
+ws.A1.c.push({a:"SheetJS", t:"This comment is visible"});
+
+if(!ws.A2.c) ws.A2.c = [];
+ws.A2.c.hidden = true;
+ws.A2.c.push({a:"SheetJS", t:"This comment will be hidden"});
+```
+
+
+_Threaded Comments_
+
+Introduced in Excel 365, threaded comments are plain text comment snippets with
+author metadata and parent references. They are supported in XLSX and XLSB.
+
+To mark a comment as threaded, each comment part must have a true `T` property:
+
+```js
+if(!ws.A1.c) ws.A1.c = [];
+ws.A1.c.push({a:"SheetJS", t:"This is not threaded"});
+
+if(!ws.A2.c) ws.A2.c = [];
+ws.A2.c.hidden = true;
+ws.A2.c.push({a:"SheetJS", t:"This is threaded", T: true});
+ws.A2.c.push({a:"JSSheet", t:"This is also threaded", T: true});
+```
+
+There is no Active Directory or Office 365 metadata associated with authors in a thread.
+
+#### Sheet Visibility
+
+Excel enables hiding sheets in the lower tab bar.  The sheet data is stored in
+the file but the UI does not readily make it available.  Standard hidden sheets
+are revealed in the "Unhide" menu.  Excel also has "very hidden" sheets which
+cannot be revealed in the menu.  It is only accessible in the VB Editor!
+
+The visibility setting is stored in the `Hidden` property of sheet props array.
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>More details</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+| Value | Definition  |
+|:-----:|:------------|
+|   0   | Visible     |
+|   1   | Hidden      |
+|   2   | Very Hidden |
+
+With <https://rawgit.com/SheetJS/test_files/HEAD/sheet_visibility.xlsx>:
+
+```js
+> wb.Workbook.Sheets.map(function(x) { return [x.name, x.Hidden] })
+[ [ 'Visible', 0 ], [ 'Hidden', 1 ], [ 'VeryHidden', 2 ] ]
+```
+
+Non-Excel formats do not support the Very Hidden state.  The best way to test
+if a sheet is visible is to check if the `Hidden` property is logical truth:
+
+```js
+> wb.Workbook.Sheets.map(function(x) { return [x.name, !x.Hidden] })
+[ [ 'Visible', true ], [ 'Hidden', false ], [ 'VeryHidden', false ] ]
+```
+</details>
+
+#### VBA and Macros
+
+VBA Macros are stored in a special data blob that is exposed in the `vbaraw`
+property of the workbook object when the `bookVBA` option is `true`.  They are
+supported in `XLSM`, `XLSB`, and `BIFF8 XLS` formats.  The supported format
+writers automatically insert the data blobs if it is present in the workbook and
+associate with the worksheet names.
+
+<details>
+	<summary><b>Custom Code Names</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+The workbook code name is stored in `wb.Workbook.WBProps.CodeName`.  By default,
+Excel will write `ThisWorkbook` or a translated phrase like `DieseArbeitsmappe`.
+Worksheet and Chartsheet code names are in the worksheet properties object at
+`wb.Workbook.Sheets[i].CodeName`.  Macrosheets and Dialogsheets are ignored.
+
+The readers and writers preserve the code names, but they have to be manually
+set when adding a VBA blob to a different workbook.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+	<summary><b>Macrosheets</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+Older versions of Excel also supported a non-VBA "macrosheet" sheet type that
+stored automation commands.  These are exposed in objects with the `!type`
+property set to `"macro"`.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+	<summary><b>Detecting macros in workbooks</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+The `vbaraw` field will only be set if macros are present, so testing is simple:
+
+```js
+function wb_has_macro(wb/*:workbook*/)/*:boolean*/ {
+	if(!!wb.vbaraw) return true;
+	const sheets = wb.SheetNames.map((n) => wb.Sheets[n]);
+	return sheets.some((ws) => !!ws && ws['!type']=='macro');
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+## Parsing Options
+
+The exported `read` and `readFile` functions accept an options argument:
+
+| Option Name | Default | Description                                          |
+| :---------- | ------: | :--------------------------------------------------- |
+|`type`       |         | Input data encoding (see Input Type below)           |
+|`raw`        | false   | If true, plain text parsing will not parse values ** |
+|`codepage`   |         | If specified, use code page when appropriate **      |
+|`cellFormula`| true    | Save formulae to the .f field                        |
+|`cellHTML`   | true    | Parse rich text and save HTML to the `.h` field      |
+|`cellNF`     | false   | Save number format string to the `.z` field          |
+|`cellStyles` | false   | Save style/theme info to the `.s` field              |
+|`cellText`   | true    | Generated formatted text to the `.w` field           |
+|`cellDates`  | false   | Store dates as type `d` (default is `n`)             |
+|`dateNF`     |         | If specified, use the string for date code 14 **     |
+|`sheetStubs` | false   | Create cell objects of type `z` for stub cells       |
+|`sheetRows`  | 0       | If >0, read the first `sheetRows` rows **            |
+|`bookDeps`   | false   | If true, parse calculation chains                    |
+|`bookFiles`  | false   | If true, add raw files to book object **             |
+|`bookProps`  | false   | If true, only parse enough to get book metadata **   |
+|`bookSheets` | false   | If true, only parse enough to get the sheet names    |
+|`bookVBA`    | false   | If true, copy VBA blob to `vbaraw` field **          |
+|`password`   | ""      | If defined and file is encrypted, use password **    |
+|`WTF`        | false   | If true, throw errors on unexpected file features ** |
+|`sheets`     |         | If specified, only parse specified sheets **         |
+|`PRN`        | false   | If true, allow parsing of PRN files **               |
+|`xlfn`       | false   | If true, preserve `_xlfn.` prefixes in formulae **   |
+|`FS`         |         | DSV Field Separator override                         |
+
+- Even if `cellNF` is false, formatted text will be generated and saved to `.w`
+- In some cases, sheets may be parsed even if `bookSheets` is false.
+- Excel aggressively tries to interpret values from CSV and other plain text.
+  This leads to surprising behavior! The `raw` option suppresses value parsing.
+- `bookSheets` and `bookProps` combine to give both sets of information
+- `Deps` will be an empty object if `bookDeps` is false
+- `bookFiles` behavior depends on file type:
+    * `keys` array (paths in the ZIP) for ZIP-based formats
+    * `files` hash (mapping paths to objects representing the files) for ZIP
+    * `cfb` object for formats using CFB containers
+- `sheetRows-1` rows will be generated when looking at the JSON object output
+  (since the header row is counted as a row when parsing the data)
+- By default all worksheets are parsed.  `sheets` restricts based on input type:
+    * number: zero-based index of worksheet to parse (`0` is first worksheet)
+    * string: name of worksheet to parse (case insensitive)
+    * array of numbers and strings to select multiple worksheets.
+- `bookVBA` merely exposes the raw VBA CFB object.  It does not parse the data.
+  XLSM and XLSB store the VBA CFB object in `xl/vbaProject.bin`. BIFF8 XLS mixes
+  the VBA entries alongside the core Workbook entry, so the library generates a
+  new XLSB-compatible blob from the XLS CFB container.
+- `codepage` is applied to BIFF2 - BIFF5 files without `CodePage` records and to
+  CSV files without BOM in `type:"binary"`.  BIFF8 XLS always defaults to 1200.
+- `PRN` affects parsing of text files without a common delimiter character.
+- Currently only XOR encryption is supported.  Unsupported error will be thrown
+  for files employing other encryption methods.
+- Newer Excel functions are serialized with the `_xlfn.` prefix, hidden from the
+  user. SheetJS will strip `_xlfn.` normally. The `xlfn` option preserves them.
+- WTF is mainly for development.  By default, the parser will suppress read
+  errors on single worksheets, allowing you to read from the worksheets that do
+  parse properly. Setting `WTF:true` forces those errors to be thrown.
+
+### Input Type
+
+Strings can be interpreted in multiple ways.  The `type` parameter for `read`
+tells the library how to parse the data argument:
+
+| `type`     | expected input                                                  |
+|------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `"base64"` | string: Base64 encoding of the file                             |
+| `"binary"` | string: binary string (byte `n` is `data.charCodeAt(n)`)        |
+| `"string"` | string: JS string (characters interpreted as UTF8)              |
+| `"buffer"` | nodejs Buffer                                                   |
+| `"array"`  | array: array of 8-bit unsigned int (byte `n` is `data[n]`)      |
+| `"file"`   | string: path of file that will be read (nodejs only)            |
+
+### Guessing File Type
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Implementation Details</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+Excel and other spreadsheet tools read the first few bytes and apply other
+heuristics to determine a file type.  This enables file type punning: renaming
+files with the `.xls` extension will tell your computer to use Excel to open the
+file but Excel will know how to handle it.  This library applies similar logic:
+
+| Byte 0 | Raw File Type | Spreadsheet Types                                   |
+|:-------|:--------------|:----------------------------------------------------|
+| `0xD0` | CFB Container | BIFF 5/8 or protected XLSX/XLSB or WQ3/QPW or XLR   |
+| `0x09` | BIFF Stream   | BIFF 2/3/4/5                                        |
+| `0x3C` | XML/HTML      | SpreadsheetML / Flat ODS / UOS1 / HTML / plain text |
+| `0x50` | ZIP Archive   | XLSB or XLSX/M or ODS or UOS2 or NUMBERS or text    |
+| `0x49` | Plain Text    | SYLK or plain text                                  |
+| `0x54` | Plain Text    | DIF or plain text                                   |
+| `0xEF` | UTF8 Encoded  | SpreadsheetML / Flat ODS / UOS1 / HTML / plain text |
+| `0xFF` | UTF16 Encoded | SpreadsheetML / Flat ODS / UOS1 / HTML / plain text |
+| `0x00` | Record Stream | Lotus WK\* or Quattro Pro or plain text             |
+| `0x7B` | Plain text    | RTF or plain text                                   |
+| `0x0A` | Plain text    | SpreadsheetML / Flat ODS / UOS1 / HTML / plain text |
+| `0x0D` | Plain text    | SpreadsheetML / Flat ODS / UOS1 / HTML / plain text |
+| `0x20` | Plain text    | SpreadsheetML / Flat ODS / UOS1 / HTML / plain text |
+
+DBF files are detected based on the first byte as well as the third and fourth
+bytes (corresponding to month and day of the file date)
+
+Works for Windows files are detected based on the BOF record with type `0xFF`
+
+Plain text format guessing follows the priority order:
+
+| Format | Test                                                                |
+|:-------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| XML    | `<?xml` appears in the first 1024 characters                        |
+| HTML   | starts with `<` and HTML tags appear in the first 1024 characters * |
+| XML    | starts with `<` and the first tag is valid                          |
+| RTF    | starts with `{\rt`                                                  |
+| DSV    | starts with `/sep=.$/`, separator is the specified character        |
+| DSV    | more unquoted `|` chars than `;` `\t`  `,` in the first 1024        |
+| DSV    | more unquoted `;` chars than `\t` or `,` in the first 1024          |
+| TSV    | more unquoted `\t` chars than `,` chars in the first 1024           |
+| CSV    | one of the first 1024 characters is a comma `","`                   |
+| ETH    | starts with `socialcalc:version:`                                   |
+| PRN    | `PRN` option is set to true                                         |
+| CSV    | (fallback)                                                          |
+
+- HTML tags include: `html`, `table`, `head`, `meta`, `script`, `style`, `div`
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Why are random text files valid?</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+Excel is extremely aggressive in reading files.  Adding an XLS extension to any
+display text file  (where the only characters are ANSI display chars) tricks
+Excel into thinking that the file is potentially a CSV or TSV file, even if it
+is only one column!  This library attempts to replicate that behavior.
+
+The best approach is to validate the desired worksheet and ensure it has the
+expected number of rows or columns.  Extracting the range is extremely simple:
+
+```js
+var range = XLSX.utils.decode_range(worksheet['!ref']);
+var ncols = range.e.c - range.s.c + 1, nrows = range.e.r - range.s.r + 1;
+```
+
+</details>
+
+## Writing Options
+
+The exported `write` and `writeFile` functions accept an options argument:
+
+| Option Name |  Default | Description                                         |
+| :---------- | -------: | :-------------------------------------------------- |
+|`type`       |          | Output data encoding (see Output Type below)        |
+|`cellDates`  |  `false` | Store dates as type `d` (default is `n`)            |
+|`bookSST`    |  `false` | Generate Shared String Table **                     |
+|`bookType`   | `"xlsx"` | Type of Workbook (see below for supported formats)  |
+|`sheet`      |     `""` | Name of Worksheet for single-sheet formats **       |
+|`compression`|  `false` | Use ZIP compression for ZIP-based formats **        |
+|`Props`      |          | Override workbook properties when writing **        |
+|`themeXLSX`  |          | Override theme XML when writing XLSX/XLSB/XLSM **   |
+|`ignoreEC`   |   `true` | Suppress "number as text" errors **                 |
+|`numbers`    |          | Payload for NUMBERS export **                       |
+
+- `bookSST` is slower and more memory intensive, but has better compatibility
+  with older versions of iOS Numbers
+- The raw data is the only thing guaranteed to be saved.  Features not described
+  in this README may not be serialized.
+- `cellDates` only applies to XLSX output and is not guaranteed to work with
+  third-party readers.  Excel itself does not usually write cells with type `d`
+  so non-Excel tools may ignore the data or error in the presence of dates.
+- `Props` is an object mirroring the workbook `Props` field.  See the table from
+  the [Workbook File Properties](#workbook-file-properties) section.
+- if specified, the string from `themeXLSX` will be saved as the primary theme
+  for XLSX/XLSB/XLSM files (to `xl/theme/theme1.xml` in the ZIP)
+- Due to a bug in the program, some features like "Text to Columns" will crash
+  Excel on worksheets where error conditions are ignored.  The writer will mark
+  files to ignore the error by default.  Set `ignoreEC` to `false` to suppress.
+- Due to the size of the data, the NUMBERS data is not included by default. The
+  included `xlsx.zahl.js` and `xlsx.zahl.mjs` scripts include the data.
+
+### Supported Output Formats
+
+For broad compatibility with third-party tools, this library supports many
+output formats.  The specific file type is controlled with `bookType` option:
+
+| `bookType` | file ext | container | sheets | Description                     |
+| :--------- | -------: | :-------: | :----- |:------------------------------- |
+| `xlsx`     | `.xlsx`  |    ZIP    | multi  | Excel 2007+ XML Format          |
+| `xlsm`     | `.xlsm`  |    ZIP    | multi  | Excel 2007+ Macro XML Format    |
+| `xlsb`     | `.xlsb`  |    ZIP    | multi  | Excel 2007+ Binary Format       |
+| `biff8`    | `.xls`   |    CFB    | multi  | Excel 97-2004 Workbook Format   |
+| `biff5`    | `.xls`   |    CFB    | multi  | Excel 5.0/95 Workbook Format    |
+| `biff4`    | `.xls`   |   none    | single | Excel 4.0 Worksheet Format      |
+| `biff3`    | `.xls`   |   none    | single | Excel 3.0 Worksheet Format      |
+| `biff2`    | `.xls`   |   none    | single | Excel 2.0 Worksheet Format      |
+| `xlml`     | `.xls`   |   none    | multi  | Excel 2003-2004 (SpreadsheetML) |
+| `numbers`  |`.numbers`|    ZIP    | single | Numbers 3.0+ Spreadsheet        |
+| `ods`      | `.ods`   |    ZIP    | multi  | OpenDocument Spreadsheet        |
+| `fods`     | `.fods`  |   none    | multi  | Flat OpenDocument Spreadsheet   |
+| `wk3`      | `.wk3`   |   none    | multi  | Lotus Workbook (WK3)            |
+| `csv`      | `.csv`   |   none    | single | Comma Separated Values          |
+| `txt`      | `.txt`   |   none    | single | UTF-16 Unicode Text (TXT)       |
+| `sylk`     | `.sylk`  |   none    | single | Symbolic Link (SYLK)            |
+| `html`     | `.html`  |   none    | single | HTML Document                   |
+| `dif`      | `.dif`   |   none    | single | Data Interchange Format (DIF)   |
+| `dbf`      | `.dbf`   |   none    | single | dBASE II + VFP Extensions (DBF) |
+| `wk1`      | `.wk1`   |   none    | single | Lotus Worksheet (WK1)           |
+| `rtf`      | `.rtf`   |   none    | single | Rich Text Format (RTF)          |
+| `prn`      | `.prn`   |   none    | single | Lotus Formatted Text            |
+| `eth`      | `.eth`   |   none    | single | Ethercalc Record Format (ETH)   |
+
+- `compression` only applies to formats with ZIP containers.
+- Formats that only support a single sheet require a `sheet` option specifying
+  the worksheet.  If the string is empty, the first worksheet is used.
+- `writeFile` will automatically guess the output file format based on the file
+  extension if `bookType` is not specified.  It will choose the first format in
+  the aforementioned table that matches the extension.
+
+### Output Type
+
+The `type` argument for `write` mirrors the `type` argument for `read`:
+
+| `type`     | output                                                          |
+|------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `"base64"` | string: Base64 encoding of the file                             |
+| `"binary"` | string: binary string (byte `n` is `data.charCodeAt(n)`)        |
+| `"string"` | string: JS string (characters interpreted as UTF8)              |
+| `"buffer"` | nodejs Buffer                                                   |
+| `"array"`  | ArrayBuffer, fallback array of 8-bit unsigned int               |
+| `"file"`   | string: path of file that will be created (nodejs only)         |
+
+- For compatibility with Excel, `csv` output will always include the UTF-8 byte
+  order mark.
+
+## Utility Functions
+
+The `sheet_to_*` functions accept a worksheet and an optional options object.
+
+The `*_to_sheet` functions accept a data object and an optional options object.
+
+The examples are based on the following worksheet:
+
+```
+XXX| A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+ 1 | S | h | e | e | t | J | S |
+ 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
+ 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
+```
+
+### Array of Arrays Input
+
+`XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet` takes an array of arrays of JS values and returns a
+worksheet resembling the input data.  Numbers, Booleans and Strings are stored
+as the corresponding styles.  Dates are stored as date or numbers.  Array holes
+and explicit `undefined` values are skipped.  `null` values may be stubbed. All
+other values are stored as strings.  The function takes an options argument:
+
+| Option Name | Default | Description                                          |
+| :---------- | :-----: | :--------------------------------------------------- |
+|`dateNF`     |  FMT 14 | Use specified date format in string output           |
+|`cellDates`  |  false  | Store dates as type `d` (default is `n`)             |
+|`sheetStubs` |  false  | Create cell objects of type `z` for `null` values    |
+|`nullError`  |  false  | If true, emit `#NULL!` error cells for `null` values |
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Examples</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+To generate the example sheet:
+
+```js
+var ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([
+  "SheetJS".split(""),
+  [1,2,3,4,5,6,7],
+  [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
+]);
+```
+</details>
+
+`XLSX.utils.sheet_add_aoa` takes an array of arrays of JS values and updates an
+existing worksheet object.  It follows the same process as `aoa_to_sheet` and
+accepts an options argument:
+
+| Option Name | Default | Description                                          |
+| :---------- | :-----: | :--------------------------------------------------- |
+|`dateNF`     |  FMT 14 | Use specified date format in string output           |
+|`cellDates`  |  false  | Store dates as type `d` (default is `n`)             |
+|`sheetStubs` |  false  | Create cell objects of type `z` for `null` values    |
+|`nullError`  |  false  | If true, emit `#NULL!` error cells for `null` values |
+|`origin`     |         | Use specified cell as starting point (see below)     |
+
+`origin` is expected to be one of:
+
+| `origin`         | Description                                               |
+| :--------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------- |
+| (cell object)    | Use specified cell (cell object)                          |
+| (string)         | Use specified cell (A1-style cell)                        |
+| (number >= 0)    | Start from the first column at specified row (0-indexed)  |
+| -1               | Append to bottom of worksheet starting on first column    |
+| (default)        | Start from cell A1                                        |
+
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Examples</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+Consider the worksheet:
+
+```
+XXX| A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+ 1 | S | h | e | e | t | J | S |
+ 2 | 1 | 2 |   |   | 5 | 6 | 7 |
+ 3 | 2 | 3 |   |   | 6 | 7 | 8 |
+ 4 | 3 | 4 |   |   | 7 | 8 | 9 |
+ 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 |
+```
+
+This worksheet can be built up in the order `A1:G1, A2:B4, E2:G4, A5:G5`:
+
+```js
+/* Initial row */
+var ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([ "SheetJS".split("") ]);
+
+/* Write data starting at A2 */
+XLSX.utils.sheet_add_aoa(ws, [[1,2], [2,3], [3,4]], {origin: "A2"});
+
+/* Write data starting at E2 */
+XLSX.utils.sheet_add_aoa(ws, [[5,6,7], [6,7,8], [7,8,9]], {origin:{r:1, c:4}});
+
+/* Append row */
+XLSX.utils.sheet_add_aoa(ws, [[4,5,6,7,8,9,0]], {origin: -1});
+```
+
+</details>
+
+### Array of Objects Input
+
+`XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet` takes an array of objects and returns a worksheet
+with automatically-generated "headers" based on the keys of the objects.  The
+default column order is determined by the first appearance of the field using
+`Object.keys`.  The function accepts an options argument:
+
+| Option Name | Default | Description                                          |
+| :---------- | :-----: | :--------------------------------------------------- |
+|`header`     |         | Use specified field order (default `Object.keys`) ** |
+|`dateNF`     |  FMT 14 | Use specified date format in string output           |
+|`cellDates`  |  false  | Store dates as type `d` (default is `n`)             |
+|`skipHeader` |  false  | If true, do not include header row in output         |
+|`nullError`  |  false  | If true, emit `#NULL!` error cells for `null` values |
+
+- All fields from each row will be written.  If `header` is an array and it does
+  not contain a particular field, the key will be appended to the array.
+- Cell types are deduced from the type of each value.  For example, a `Date`
+  object will generate a Date cell, while a string will generate a Text cell.
+- Null values will be skipped by default.  If `nullError` is true, an error cell
+  corresponding to `#NULL!` will be written to the worksheet.
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Examples</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+The original sheet cannot be reproduced using plain objects since JS object keys
+must be unique. After replacing the second `e` and `S` with `e_1` and `S_1`:
+
+```js
+var ws = XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet([
+  { S:1, h:2, e:3, e_1:4, t:5, J:6, S_1:7 },
+  { S:2, h:3, e:4, e_1:5, t:6, J:7, S_1:8 }
+], {header:["S","h","e","e_1","t","J","S_1"]});
+```
+
+Alternatively, the header row can be skipped:
+
+```js
+var ws = XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet([
+  { A:"S", B:"h", C:"e", D:"e", E:"t", F:"J", G:"S" },
+  { A: 1,  B: 2,  C: 3,  D: 4,  E: 5,  F: 6,  G: 7  },
+  { A: 2,  B: 3,  C: 4,  D: 5,  E: 6,  F: 7,  G: 8  }
+], {header:["A","B","C","D","E","F","G"], skipHeader:true});
+```
+
+</details>
+
+`XLSX.utils.sheet_add_json` takes an array of objects and updates an existing
+worksheet object.  It follows the same process as `json_to_sheet` and accepts
+an options argument:
+
+| Option Name | Default | Description                                          |
+| :---------- | :-----: | :--------------------------------------------------- |
+|`header`     |         | Use specified column order (default `Object.keys`)   |
+|`dateNF`     |  FMT 14 | Use specified date format in string output           |
+|`cellDates`  |  false  | Store dates as type `d` (default is `n`)             |
+|`skipHeader` |  false  | If true, do not include header row in output         |
+|`nullError`  |  false  | If true, emit `#NULL!` error cells for `null` values |
+|`origin`     |         | Use specified cell as starting point (see below)     |
+
+`origin` is expected to be one of:
+
+| `origin`         | Description                                               |
+| :--------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------- |
+| (cell object)    | Use specified cell (cell object)                          |
+| (string)         | Use specified cell (A1-style cell)                        |
+| (number >= 0)    | Start from the first column at specified row (0-indexed)  |
+| -1               | Append to bottom of worksheet starting on first column    |
+| (default)        | Start from cell A1                                        |
+
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Examples</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+Consider the worksheet:
+
+```
+XXX| A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+ 1 | S | h | e | e | t | J | S |
+ 2 | 1 | 2 |   |   | 5 | 6 | 7 |
+ 3 | 2 | 3 |   |   | 6 | 7 | 8 |
+ 4 | 3 | 4 |   |   | 7 | 8 | 9 |
+ 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 |
+```
+
+This worksheet can be built up in the order `A1:G1, A2:B4, E2:G4, A5:G5`:
+
+```js
+/* Initial row */
+var ws = XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet([
+  { A: "S", B: "h", C: "e", D: "e", E: "t", F: "J", G: "S" }
+], {header: ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G"], skipHeader: true});
+
+/* Write data starting at A2 */
+XLSX.utils.sheet_add_json(ws, [
+  { A: 1, B: 2 }, { A: 2, B: 3 }, { A: 3, B: 4 }
+], {skipHeader: true, origin: "A2"});
+
+/* Write data starting at E2 */
+XLSX.utils.sheet_add_json(ws, [
+  { A: 5, B: 6, C: 7 }, { A: 6, B: 7, C: 8 }, { A: 7, B: 8, C: 9 }
+], {skipHeader: true, origin: { r: 1, c: 4 }, header: [ "A", "B", "C" ]});
+
+/* Append row */
+XLSX.utils.sheet_add_json(ws, [
+  { A: 4, B: 5, C: 6, D: 7, E: 8, F: 9, G: 0 }
+], {header: ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G"], skipHeader: true, origin: -1});
+```
+
+</details>
+
+### HTML Table Input
+
+`XLSX.utils.table_to_sheet` takes a table DOM element and returns a worksheet
+resembling the input table.  Numbers are parsed.  All other data will be stored
+as strings.
+
+`XLSX.utils.table_to_book` produces a minimal workbook based on the worksheet.
+
+Both functions accept options arguments:
+
+| Option Name |  Default | Description                                         |
+| :---------- | :------: | :-------------------------------------------------- |
+|`raw`        |          | If true, every cell will hold raw strings           |
+|`dateNF`     |  FMT 14  | Use specified date format in string output          |
+|`cellDates`  |  false   | Store dates as type `d` (default is `n`)            |
+|`sheetRows`  |    0     | If >0, read the first `sheetRows` rows of the table |
+|`display`    |  false   | If true, hidden rows and cells will not be parsed   |
+
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Examples</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+To generate the example sheet, start with the HTML table:
+
+```html
+<table id="sheetjs">
+<tr><td>S</td><td>h</td><td>e</td><td>e</td><td>t</td><td>J</td><td>S</td></tr>
+<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td></tr>
+<tr><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td></tr>
+</table>
+```
+
+To process the table:
+
+```js
+var tbl = document.getElementById('sheetjs');
+var wb = XLSX.utils.table_to_book(tbl);
+```
+</details>
+
+Note: `XLSX.read` can handle HTML represented as strings.
+
+
+`XLSX.utils.sheet_add_dom` takes a table DOM element and updates an existing
+worksheet object.  It follows the same process as `table_to_sheet` and accepts
+an options argument:
+
+| Option Name |  Default | Description                                         |
+| :---------- | :------: | :-------------------------------------------------- |
+|`raw`        |          | If true, every cell will hold raw strings           |
+|`dateNF`     |  FMT 14  | Use specified date format in string output          |
+|`cellDates`  |  false   | Store dates as type `d` (default is `n`)            |
+|`sheetRows`  |    0     | If >0, read the first `sheetRows` rows of the table |
+|`display`    |  false   | If true, hidden rows and cells will not be parsed   |
+
+`origin` is expected to be one of:
+
+| `origin`         | Description                                               |
+| :--------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------- |
+| (cell object)    | Use specified cell (cell object)                          |
+| (string)         | Use specified cell (A1-style cell)                        |
+| (number >= 0)    | Start from the first column at specified row (0-indexed)  |
+| -1               | Append to bottom of worksheet starting on first column    |
+| (default)        | Start from cell A1                                        |
+
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Examples</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+A small helper function can create gap rows between tables:
+
+```js
+function create_gap_rows(ws, nrows) {
+  var ref = XLSX.utils.decode_range(ws["!ref"]);       // get original range
+  ref.e.r += nrows;                                    // add to ending row
+  ws["!ref"] = XLSX.utils.encode_range(ref);           // reassign row
+}
+
+/* first table */
+var ws = XLSX.utils.table_to_sheet(document.getElementById('table1'));
+create_gap_rows(ws, 1); // one row gap after first table
+
+/* second table */
+XLSX.utils.sheet_add_dom(ws, document.getElementById('table2'), {origin: -1});
+create_gap_rows(ws, 3); // three rows gap after second table
+
+/* third table */
+XLSX.utils.sheet_add_dom(ws, document.getElementById('table3'), {origin: -1});
+```
+
+</details>
+
+### Formulae Output
+
+`XLSX.utils.sheet_to_formulae` generates an array of commands that represent
+how a person would enter data into an application.  Each entry is of the form
+`A1-cell-address=formula-or-value`.  String literals are prefixed with a `'` in
+accordance with Excel.
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Examples</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+For the example sheet:
+
+```js
+> var o = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_formulae(ws);
+> [o[0], o[5], o[10], o[15], o[20]];
+[ 'A1=\'S', 'F1=\'J', 'D2=4', 'B3=3', 'G3=8' ]
+```
+</details>
+
+### Delimiter-Separated Output
+
+As an alternative to the `writeFile` CSV type, `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv` also
+produces CSV output.  The function takes an options argument:
+
+| Option Name  |  Default | Description                                        |
+| :----------- | :------: | :------------------------------------------------- |
+|`FS`          |  `","`   | "Field Separator"  delimiter between fields        |
+|`RS`          |  `"\n"`  | "Record Separator" delimiter between rows          |
+|`dateNF`      |  FMT 14  | Use specified date format in string output         |
+|`strip`       |  false   | Remove trailing field separators in each record ** |
+|`blankrows`   |  true    | Include blank lines in the CSV output              |
+|`skipHidden`  |  false   | Skips hidden rows/columns in the CSV output        |
+|`forceQuotes` |  false   | Force quotes around fields                         |
+
+- `strip` will remove trailing commas from each line under default `FS/RS`
+- `blankrows` must be set to `false` to skip blank lines.
+- Fields containing the record or field separator will automatically be wrapped
+  in double quotes; `forceQuotes` forces all cells to be wrapped in quotes.
+- `XLSX.write` with `csv` type will always prepend the UTF-8 byte-order mark for
+  Excel compatibility.  `sheet_to_csv` returns a JS string and omits the mark.
+  Using `XLSX.write` with type `string` will also skip the mark.
+
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Examples</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+For the example sheet:
+
+```js
+> console.log(XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv(ws));
+S,h,e,e,t,J,S
+1,2,3,4,5,6,7
+2,3,4,5,6,7,8
+> console.log(XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv(ws, {FS:"\t"}));
+S	h	e	e	t	J	S
+1	2	3	4	5	6	7
+2	3	4	5	6	7	8
+> console.log(XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv(ws,{FS:":",RS:"|"}));
+S:h:e:e:t:J:S|1:2:3:4:5:6:7|2:3:4:5:6:7:8|
+```
+</details>
+
+#### UTF-16 Unicode Text
+
+The `txt` output type uses the tab character as the field separator.  If the
+`codepage` library is available (included in full distribution but not core),
+the output will be encoded in `CP1200` and the BOM will be prepended.
+
+`XLSX.utils.sheet_to_txt` takes the same arguments as `sheet_to_csv`.
+
+### HTML Output
+
+As an alternative to the `writeFile` HTML type, `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html` also
+produces HTML output.  The function takes an options argument:
+
+| Option Name |  Default | Description                                         |
+| :---------- | :------: | :-------------------------------------------------- |
+|`id`         |          | Specify the `id` attribute for the `TABLE` element  |
+|`editable`   |  false   | If true, set `contenteditable="true"` for every TD  |
+|`header`     |          | Override header (default `html body`)               |
+|`footer`     |          | Override footer (default `/body /html`)             |
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Examples</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+For the example sheet:
+
+```js
+> console.log(XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(ws));
+// ...
+```
+</details>
+
+### JSON
+
+`XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json` generates different types of JS objects. The function
+takes an options argument:
+
+| Option Name |  Default | Description                                         |
+| :---------- | :------: | :-------------------------------------------------- |
+|`raw`        | `true`   | Use raw values (true) or formatted strings (false)  |
+|`range`      | from WS  | Override Range (see table below)                    |
+|`header`     |          | Control output format (see table below)             |
+|`dateNF`     |  FMT 14  | Use specified date format in string output          |
+|`defval`     |          | Use specified value in place of null or undefined   |
+|`blankrows`  |    **    | Include blank lines in the output **                |
+
+- `raw` only affects cells which have a format code (`.z`) field or a formatted
+  text (`.w`) field.
+- If `header` is specified, the first row is considered a data row; if `header`
+  is not specified, the first row is the header row and not considered data.
+- When `header` is not specified, the conversion will automatically disambiguate
+  header entries by affixing `_` and a count starting at `1`.  For example, if
+  three columns have header `foo` the output fields are `foo`, `foo_1`, `foo_2`
+- `null` values are returned when `raw` is true but are skipped when false.
+- If `defval` is not specified, null and undefined values are skipped normally.
+  If specified, all null and undefined points will be filled with `defval`
+- When `header` is `1`, the default is to generate blank rows.  `blankrows` must
+  be set to `false` to skip blank rows.
+- When `header` is not `1`, the default is to skip blank rows.  `blankrows` must
+  be true to generate blank rows
+
+`range` is expected to be one of:
+
+| `range`          | Description                                               |
+| :--------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------- |
+| (number)         | Use worksheet range but set starting row to the value     |
+| (string)         | Use specified range (A1-style bounded range string)       |
+| (default)        | Use worksheet range (`ws['!ref']`)                        |
+
+`header` is expected to be one of:
+
+| `header`         | Description                                               |
+| :--------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `1`              | Generate an array of arrays ("2D Array")                  |
+| `"A"`            | Row object keys are literal column labels                 |
+| array of strings | Use specified strings as keys in row objects              |
+| (default)        | Read and disambiguate first row as keys                   |
+
+- If header is not `1`, the row object will contain the non-enumerable property
+  `__rowNum__` that represents the row of the sheet corresponding to the entry.
+- If header is an array, the keys will not be disambiguated.  This can lead to
+  unexpected results if the array values are not unique!
+
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Examples</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+For the example sheet:
+
+```js
+> XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(ws);
+[ { S: 1, h: 2, e: 3, e_1: 4, t: 5, J: 6, S_1: 7 },
+  { S: 2, h: 3, e: 4, e_1: 5, t: 6, J: 7, S_1: 8 } ]
+
+> XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(ws, {header:"A"});
+[ { A: 'S', B: 'h', C: 'e', D: 'e', E: 't', F: 'J', G: 'S' },
+  { A: '1', B: '2', C: '3', D: '4', E: '5', F: '6', G: '7' },
+  { A: '2', B: '3', C: '4', D: '5', E: '6', F: '7', G: '8' } ]
+
+> XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(ws, {header:["A","E","I","O","U","6","9"]});
+[ { '6': 'J', '9': 'S', A: 'S', E: 'h', I: 'e', O: 'e', U: 't' },
+  { '6': '6', '9': '7', A: '1', E: '2', I: '3', O: '4', U: '5' },
+  { '6': '7', '9': '8', A: '2', E: '3', I: '4', O: '5', U: '6' } ]
+
+> XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(ws, {header:1});
+[ [ 'S', 'h', 'e', 'e', 't', 'J', 'S' ],
+  [ '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7' ],
+  [ '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8' ] ]
+```
+
+Example showing the effect of `raw`:
+
+```js
+> ws['A2'].w = "3";                          // set A2 formatted string value
+
+> XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(ws, {header:1, raw:false});
+[ [ 'S', 'h', 'e', 'e', 't', 'J', 'S' ],
+  [ '3', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7' ],     // <-- A2 uses the formatted string
+  [ '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8' ] ]
+
+> XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(ws, {header:1});
+[ [ 'S', 'h', 'e', 'e', 't', 'J', 'S' ],
+  [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ],                   // <-- A2 uses the raw value
+  [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ] ]
+```
+</details>
+
+## File Formats
+
+Despite the library name `xlsx`, it supports numerous spreadsheet file formats:
+
+| Format                                                       | Read  | Write |
+|:-------------------------------------------------------------|:-----:|:-----:|
+| **Excel Worksheet/Workbook Formats**                         |:-----:|:-----:|
+| Excel 2007+ XML Formats (XLSX/XLSM)                          |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| Excel 2007+ Binary Format (XLSB BIFF12)                      |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| Excel 2003-2004 XML Format (XML "SpreadsheetML")             |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| Excel 97-2004 (XLS BIFF8)                                    |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| Excel 5.0/95 (XLS BIFF5)                                     |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| Excel 4.0 (XLS/XLW BIFF4)                                    |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| Excel 3.0 (XLS BIFF3)                                        |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| Excel 2.0/2.1 (XLS BIFF2)                                    |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| **Excel Supported Text Formats**                             |:-----:|:-----:|
+| Delimiter-Separated Values (CSV/TXT)                         |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| Data Interchange Format (DIF)                                |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| Symbolic Link (SYLK/SLK)                                     |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| Lotus Formatted Text (PRN)                                   |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| UTF-16 Unicode Text (TXT)                                    |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| **Other Workbook/Worksheet Formats**                         |:-----:|:-----:|
+| Numbers 3.0+ / iWork 2013+ Spreadsheet (NUMBERS)             |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| OpenDocument Spreadsheet (ODS)                               |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| Flat XML ODF Spreadsheet (FODS)                              |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| Uniform Office Format Spreadsheet (标文通 UOS1/UOS2)         |   ✔   |       |
+| dBASE II/III/IV / Visual FoxPro (DBF)                        |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| Lotus 1-2-3 (WK1/WK3)                                        |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| Lotus 1-2-3 (WKS/WK2/WK4/123)                                |   ✔   |       |
+| Quattro Pro Spreadsheet (WQ1/WQ2/WB1/WB2/WB3/QPW)            |   ✔   |       |
+| Works 1.x-3.x DOS / 2.x-5.x Windows Spreadsheet (WKS)        |   ✔   |       |
+| Works 6.x-9.x Spreadsheet (XLR)                              |   ✔   |       |
+| **Other Common Spreadsheet Output Formats**                  |:-----:|:-----:|
+| HTML Tables                                                  |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+| Rich Text Format tables (RTF)                                |       |   ✔   |
+| Ethercalc Record Format (ETH)                                |   ✔   |   ✔   |
+
+Features not supported by a given file format will not be written.  Formats with
+range limits will be silently truncated:
+
+| Format                                    | Last Cell  | Max Cols | Max Rows |
+|:------------------------------------------|:-----------|---------:|---------:|
+| Excel 2007+ XML Formats (XLSX/XLSM)       | XFD1048576 |    16384 |  1048576 |
+| Excel 2007+ Binary Format (XLSB BIFF12)   | XFD1048576 |    16384 |  1048576 |
+| Excel 97-2004 (XLS BIFF8)                 | IV65536    |      256 |    65536 |
+| Excel 5.0/95 (XLS BIFF5)                  | IV16384    |      256 |    16384 |
+| Excel 4.0 (XLS BIFF4)                     | IV16384    |      256 |    16384 |
+| Excel 3.0 (XLS BIFF3)                     | IV16384    |      256 |    16384 |
+| Excel 2.0/2.1 (XLS BIFF2)                 | IV16384    |      256 |    16384 |
+| Lotus 1-2-3 R2 - R5 (WK1/WK3/WK4)         | IV8192     |      256 |     8192 |
+| Lotus 1-2-3 R1 (WKS)                      | IV2048     |      256 |     2048 |
+
+Excel 2003 SpreadsheetML range limits are governed by the version of Excel and
+are not enforced by the writer.
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>File Format Details</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+**Core Spreadsheet Formats**
+
+- **Excel 2007+ XML (XLSX/XLSM)**
+
+XLSX and XLSM files are ZIP containers containing a series of XML files in
+accordance with the Open Packaging Conventions (OPC).  The XLSM format, almost
+identical to XLSX, is used for files containing macros.
+
+The format is standardized in ECMA-376 and later in ISO/IEC 29500.  Excel does
+not follow the specification, and there are additional documents discussing how
+Excel deviates from the specification.
+
+- **Excel 2.0-95 (BIFF2/BIFF3/BIFF4/BIFF5)**
+
+BIFF 2/3 XLS are single-sheet streams of binary records.  Excel 4 introduced
+the concept of a workbook (`XLW` files) but also had single-sheet `XLS` format.
+The structure is largely similar to the Lotus 1-2-3 file formats.  BIFF5/8/12
+extended the format in various ways but largely stuck to the same record format.
+
+There is no official specification for any of these formats.  Excel 95 can write
+files in these formats, so record lengths and fields were determined by writing
+in all of the supported formats and comparing files.  Excel 2016 can generate
+BIFF5 files, enabling a full suite of file tests starting from XLSX or BIFF2.
+
+- **Excel 97-2004 Binary (BIFF8)**
+
+BIFF8 exclusively uses the Compound File Binary container format, splitting some
+content into streams within the file.  At its core, it still uses an extended
+version of the binary record format from older versions of BIFF.
+
+The `MS-XLS` specification covers the basics of the file format, and other
+specifications expand on serialization of features like properties.
+
+- **Excel 2003-2004 (SpreadsheetML)**
+
+Predating XLSX, SpreadsheetML files are simple XML files.  There is no official
+and comprehensive specification, although MS has released documentation on the
+format.  Since Excel 2016 can generate SpreadsheetML files, mapping features is
+pretty straightforward.
+
+- **Excel 2007+ Binary (XLSB, BIFF12)**
+
+Introduced in parallel with XLSX, the XLSB format combines the BIFF architecture
+with the content separation and ZIP container of XLSX.  For the most part nodes
+in an XLSX sub-file can be mapped to XLSB records in a corresponding sub-file.
+
+The `MS-XLSB` specification covers the basics of the file format, and other
+specifications expand on serialization of features like properties.
+
+- **Delimiter-Separated Values (CSV/TXT)**
+
+Excel CSV deviates from RFC4180 in a number of important ways.  The generated
+CSV files should generally work in Excel although they may not work in RFC4180
+compatible readers.  The parser should generally understand Excel CSV. The
+writer proactively generates cells for formulae if values are unavailable.
+
+Excel TXT uses tab as the delimiter and code page 1200.
+
+Like in Excel, files starting with `0x49 0x44 ("ID")` are treated as Symbolic
+Link files.  Unlike Excel, if the file does not have a valid SYLK header, it
+will be proactively reinterpreted as CSV.  There are some files with semicolon
+delimiter that align with a valid SYLK file.  For the broadest compatibility,
+all cells with the value of `ID` are automatically wrapped in double-quotes.
+
+**Miscellaneous Workbook Formats**
+
+Support for other formats is generally far behind XLS/XLSB/XLSX support, due in
+part to a lack of publicly available documentation.  Test files were produced in
+the respective apps and compared to their XLS exports to determine structure.
+The main focus is data extraction.
+
+- **Lotus 1-2-3 (WKS/WK1/WK2/WK3/WK4/123)**
+
+The Lotus formats consist of binary records similar to the BIFF structure. Lotus
+did release a specification decades ago covering the original WK1 format.  Other
+features were deduced by producing files and comparing to Excel support.
+
+Generated WK1 worksheets are compatible with Lotus 1-2-3 R2 and Excel 5.0.
+
+Generated WK3 workbooks are compatible with Lotus 1-2-3 R9 and Excel 5.0.
+
+- **Quattro Pro (WQ1/WQ2/WB1/WB2/WB3/QPW)**
+
+The Quattro Pro formats use binary records in the same way as BIFF and Lotus.
+Some of the newer formats (namely WB3 and QPW) use a CFB enclosure just like
+BIFF8 XLS.
+
+- **Works for DOS / Windows Spreadsheet (WKS/XLR)**
+
+All versions of Works were limited to a single worksheet.
+
+Works for DOS 1.x - 3.x and Works for Windows 2.x extends the Lotus WKS format
+with additional record types.
+
+Works for Windows 3.x - 5.x uses the same format and WKS extension.  The BOF
+record has type `FF`
+
+Works for Windows 6.x - 9.x use the XLR format.  XLR is nearly identical to
+BIFF8 XLS: it uses the CFB container with a Workbook stream.  Works 9 saves the
+exact Workbook stream for the XLR and the 97-2003 XLS export.  Works 6 XLS
+includes two empty worksheets but the main worksheet has an identical encoding.
+XLR also includes a `WksSSWorkBook` stream similar to Lotus FM3/FMT files.
+
+- **Numbers 3.0+ / iWork 2013+ Spreadsheet (NUMBERS)**
+
+iWork 2013 (Numbers 3.0 / Pages 5.0 / Keynote 6.0) switched from a proprietary
+XML-based format to the current file format based on the iWork Archive (IWA).
+This format has been used up through the current release (Numbers 11.2).
+
+The parser focuses on extracting raw data from tables.  Numbers technically
+supports multiple tables in a logical worksheet, including custom titles.  This
+parser will generate one worksheet per Numbers table.
+
+The writer currently exports a small range from the first worksheet.
+
+- **OpenDocument Spreadsheet (ODS/FODS)**
+
+ODS is an XML-in-ZIP format akin to XLSX while FODS is an XML format akin to
+SpreadsheetML.  Both are detailed in the OASIS standard, but tools like LO/OO
+add undocumented extensions.  The parsers and writers do not implement the full
+standard, instead focusing on parts necessary to extract and store raw data.
+
+- **Uniform Office Spreadsheet (UOS1/2)**
+
+UOS is a very similar format, and it comes in 2 varieties corresponding to ODS
+and FODS respectively.  For the most part, the difference between the formats
+is in the names of tags and attributes.
+
+**Miscellaneous Worksheet Formats**
+
+Many older formats supported only one worksheet:
+
+- **dBASE and Visual FoxPro (DBF)**
+
+DBF is really a typed table format: each column can only hold one data type and
+each record omits type information.  The parser generates a header row and
+inserts records starting at the second row of the worksheet.  The writer makes
+files compatible with Visual FoxPro extensions.
+
+Multi-file extensions like external memos and tables are currently unsupported,
+limited by the general ability to read arbitrary files in the web browser.  The
+reader understands DBF Level 7 extensions like DATETIME.
+
+- **Symbolic Link (SYLK)**
+
+There is no real documentation.  All knowledge was gathered by saving files in
+various versions of Excel to deduce the meaning of fields.  Notes:
+
+- Plain formulae are stored in the RC form.
+- Column widths are rounded to integral characters.
+
+- **Lotus Formatted Text (PRN)**
+
+There is no real documentation, and in fact Excel treats PRN as an output-only
+file format.  Nevertheless we can guess the column widths and reverse-engineer
+the original layout.  Excel's 240 character width limitation is not enforced.
+
+- **Data Interchange Format (DIF)**
+
+There is no unified definition.  Visicalc DIF differs from Lotus DIF, and both
+differ from Excel DIF.  Where ambiguous, the parser/writer follows the expected
+behavior from Excel.  In particular, Excel extends DIF in incompatible ways:
+
+- Since Excel automatically converts numbers-as-strings to numbers, numeric
+  string constants are converted to formulae: `"0.3" -> "=""0.3""`
+- DIF technically expects numeric cells to hold the raw numeric data, but Excel
+  permits formatted numbers (including dates)
+- DIF technically has no support for formulae, but Excel will automatically
+  convert plain formulae.  Array formulae are not preserved.
+
+- **HTML**
+
+Excel HTML worksheets include special metadata encoded in styles.  For example,
+`mso-number-format` is a localized string containing the number format.  Despite
+the metadata the output is valid HTML, although it does accept bare `&` symbols.
+
+The writer adds type metadata to the TD elements via the `t` tag.  The parser
+looks for those tags and overrides the default interpretation. For example, text
+like `<td>12345</td>` will be parsed as numbers but `<td t="s">12345</td>` will
+be parsed as text.
+
+- **Rich Text Format (RTF)**
+
+Excel RTF worksheets are stored in clipboard when copying cells or ranges from a
+worksheet.  The supported codes are a subset of the Word RTF support.
+
+- **Ethercalc Record Format (ETH)**
+
+[Ethercalc](https://ethercalc.net/) is an open source web spreadsheet powered by
+a record format reminiscent of SYLK wrapped in a MIME multi-part message.
+
+</details>
+
+
+## Testing
+
+### Node
+
+<details>
+  <summary>(click to show)</summary>
+
+`make test` will run the node-based tests.  By default it runs tests on files in
+every supported format.  To test a specific file type, set `FMTS` to the format
+you want to test.  Feature-specific tests are available with `make test_misc`
+
+```bash
+$ make test_misc   # run core tests
+$ make test        # run full tests
+$ make test_xls    # only use the XLS test files
+$ make test_xlsx   # only use the XLSX test files
+$ make test_xlsb   # only use the XLSB test files
+$ make test_xml    # only use the XML test files
+$ make test_ods    # only use the ODS test files
+```
+
+To enable all errors, set the environment variable `WTF=1`:
+
+```bash
+$ make test        # run full tests
+$ WTF=1 make test  # enable all error messages
+```
+
+`flow` and `eslint` checks are available:
+
+```bash
+$ make lint        # eslint checks
+$ make flow        # make lint + Flow checking
+$ make tslint      # check TS definitions
+```
+
+</details>
+
+### Browser
+
+<details>
+  <summary>(click to show)</summary>
+
+The core in-browser tests are available at `tests/index.html` within this repo.
+Start a local server and navigate to that directory to run the tests.
+`make ctestserv` will start a server on port 8000.
+
+`make ctest` will generate the browser fixtures.  To add more files, edit the
+`tests/fixtures.lst` file and add the paths.
+
+To run the full in-browser tests, clone the repo for
+[`oss.sheetjs.com`](https://github.com/SheetJS/SheetJS.github.io) and replace
+the `xlsx.js` file (then open a browser window and go to `stress.html`):
+
+```bash
+$ cp xlsx.js ../SheetJS.github.io
+$ cd ../SheetJS.github.io
+$ simplehttpserver # or "python -mSimpleHTTPServer" or "serve"
+$ open -a Chromium.app http://localhost:8000/stress.html
+```
+</details>
+
+### Tested Environments
+
+<details>
+  <summary>(click to show)</summary>
+
+ - NodeJS `0.8`, `0.10`, `0.12`, `4.x`, `5.x`, `6.x`, `7.x`, `8.x`
+ - IE 6/7/8/9/10/11 (IE 6-9 require shims)
+ - Chrome 24+ (including Android 4.0+)
+ - Safari 6+ (iOS and Desktop)
+ - Edge 13+, FF 18+, and Opera 12+
+
+Tests utilize the mocha testing framework.
+
+ - <https://saucelabs.com/u/sheetjs> for XLS\* modules using Sauce Labs
+
+The test suite also includes tests for various time zones.  To change
+the timezone locally, set the TZ environment variable:
+
+```bash
+$ env TZ="Asia/Kolkata" WTF=1 make test_misc
+```
+
+</details>
+
+### Test Files
+
+Test files are housed in [another repo](https://github.com/SheetJS/test_files).
+
+Running `make init` will refresh the `test_files` submodule and get the files.
+Note that this requires `svn`, `git`, `hg` and other commands that may not be
+available.  If `make init` fails, please download the latest version of the test
+files snapshot from [the repo](https://github.com/SheetJS/test_files/releases)
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Latest Snapshot</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+Latest test files snapshot:
+<http://github.com/SheetJS/test_files/releases/download/20170409/test_files.zip>
+
+(download and unzip to the `test_files` subdirectory)
+
+</details>
+
+## Contributing
+
+Due to the precarious nature of the Open Specifications Promise, it is very
+important to ensure code is cleanroom.  [Contribution Notes](CONTRIBUTING.md)
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>File organization</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+At a high level, the final script is a concatenation of the individual files in
+the `bits` folder.  Running `make` should reproduce the final output on all
+platforms.  The README is similarly split into bits in the `docbits` folder.
+
+Folders:
+
+| folder       | contents                                                      |
+|:-------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `bits`       | raw source files that make up the final script                |
+| `docbits`    | raw markdown files that make up `README.md`                   |
+| `bin`        | server-side bin scripts (`xlsx.njs`)                          |
+| `dist`       | dist files for web browsers and nonstandard JS environments   |
+| `demos`      | demo projects for platforms like ExtendScript and Webpack     |
+| `tests`      | browser tests (run `make ctest` to rebuild)                   |
+| `types`      | typescript definitions and tests                              |
+| `misc`       | miscellaneous supporting scripts                              |
+| `test_files` | test files (pulled from the test files repository)            |
+
+</details>
+
+After cloning the repo, running `make help` will display a list of commands.
+
+### OSX/Linux
+
+<details>
+  <summary>(click to show)</summary>
+
+The `xlsx.js` file is constructed from the files in the `bits` subdirectory. The
+build script (run `make`) will concatenate the individual bits to produce the
+script.  Before submitting a contribution, ensure that running make will produce
+the `xlsx.js` file exactly.  The simplest way to test is to add the script:
+
+```bash
+$ git add xlsx.js
+$ make clean
+$ make
+$ git diff xlsx.js
+```
+
+To produce the dist files, run `make dist`.  The dist files are updated in each
+version release and *should not be committed between versions*.
+</details>
+
+### Windows
+
+<details>
+  <summary>(click to show)</summary>
+
+The included `make.cmd` script will build `xlsx.js` from the `bits` directory.
+Building is as simple as:
+
+```cmd
+> make
+```
+
+To prepare development environment:
+
+```cmd
+> make init
+```
+
+The full list of commands available in Windows are displayed in `make help`:
+
+```
+make init -- install deps and global modules
+make lint -- run eslint linter
+make test -- run mocha test suite
+make misc -- run smaller test suite
+make book -- rebuild README and summary
+make help -- display this message
+```
+
+As explained in [Test Files](#test-files), on Windows the release ZIP file must
+be downloaded and extracted.  If Bash on Windows is available, it is possible
+to run the OSX/Linux workflow.  The following steps prepares the environment:
+
+```bash
+# Install support programs for the build and test commands
+sudo apt-get install make git subversion mercurial
+
+# Install nodejs and NPM within the WSL
+wget -qO- https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | sudo bash
+sudo apt-get install nodejs
+
+# Install dev dependencies
+sudo npm install -g mocha voc blanket xlsjs
+```
+
+</details>
+
+### Tests
+
+<details>
+  <summary>(click to show)</summary>
+
+The `test_misc` target (`make test_misc` on Linux/OSX / `make misc` on Windows)
+runs the targeted feature tests.  It should take 5-10 seconds to perform feature
+tests without testing against the entire test battery.  New features should be
+accompanied with tests for the relevant file formats and features.
+
+For tests involving the read side, an appropriate feature test would involve
+reading an existing file and checking the resulting workbook object.  If a
+parameter is involved, files should be read with different values to verify that
+the feature is working as expected.
+
+For tests involving a new write feature which can already be parsed, appropriate
+feature tests would involve writing a workbook with the feature and then opening
+and verifying that the feature is preserved.
+
+For tests involving a new write feature without an existing read ability, please
+add a feature test to the kitchen sink `tests/write.js`.
+</details>
+
+## License
+
+Please consult the attached LICENSE file for details.  All rights not explicitly
+granted by the Apache 2.0 License are reserved by the Original Author.
+
+
+## References
+
+<details>
+  <summary><b>OSP-covered Specifications</b> (click to show)</summary>
+
+ - `MS-CFB`: Compound File Binary File Format
+ - `MS-CTXLS`: Excel Custom Toolbar Binary File Format
+ - `MS-EXSPXML3`: Excel Calculation Version 2 Web Service XML Schema
+ - `MS-ODATA`: Open Data Protocol (OData)
+ - `MS-ODRAW`: Office Drawing Binary File Format
+ - `MS-ODRAWXML`: Office Drawing Extensions to Office Open XML Structure
+ - `MS-OE376`: Office Implementation Information for ECMA-376 Standards Support
+ - `MS-OFFCRYPTO`: Office Document Cryptography Structure
+ - `MS-OI29500`: Office Implementation Information for ISO/IEC 29500 Standards Support
+ - `MS-OLEDS`: Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) Data Structures
+ - `MS-OLEPS`: Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) Property Set Data Structures
+ - `MS-OODF3`: Office Implementation Information for ODF 1.2 Standards Support
+ - `MS-OSHARED`: Office Common Data Types and Objects Structures
+ - `MS-OVBA`: Office VBA File Format Structure
+ - `MS-XLDM`: Spreadsheet Data Model File Format
+ - `MS-XLS`: Excel Binary File Format (.xls) Structure Specification
+ - `MS-XLSB`: Excel (.xlsb) Binary File Format
+ - `MS-XLSX`: Excel (.xlsx) Extensions to the Office Open XML SpreadsheetML File Format
+ - `XLS`: Microsoft Office Excel 97-2007 Binary File Format Specification
+ - `RTF`: Rich Text Format
+
+</details>
+
+- ISO/IEC 29500:2012(E) "Information technology — Document description and processing languages — Office Open XML File Formats"
+- Open Document Format for Office Applications Version 1.2 (29 September 2011)
+- Worksheet File Format (From Lotus) December 1984