@doeixd/machine 0.0.4 → 0.0.6

package/src/primitives.ts

@@ -21,6 +21,13 @@
  */
 export const META_KEY = Symbol("MachineMeta");
 
+/**
+ * Runtime metadata symbol.
+ * Non-enumerable property key for storing metadata on function objects at runtime.
+ * @internal
+ */
+export const RUNTIME_META = Symbol('__machine_runtime_meta__');
+
 /**
  * Helper type representing a Class Constructor.
  * Used to reference target states by their class definition rather than magic strings.
@@ -87,6 +94,66 @@ export type WithMeta<
   M extends TransitionMeta
 > = F & { [META_KEY]: M };
 
+// =============================================================================
+// SECTION: RUNTIME METADATA ATTACHMENT
+// =============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Runtime metadata interface (resolved class names as strings)
+ */
+export interface RuntimeTransitionMeta {
+  target?: string;
+  description?: string;
+  guards?: Array<{ name: string; description?: string }>;
+  invoke?: {
+    src: string;
+    onDone: string;
+    onError: string;
+    description?: string;
+  };
+  actions?: Array<{ name: string; description?: string }>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attaches runtime metadata to a function object.
+ * Merges with existing metadata if present.
+ *
+ * @param fn - The function to attach metadata to
+ * @param metadata - Partial metadata to merge
+ * @internal
+ */
+function attachRuntimeMeta(fn: any, metadata: Partial<RuntimeTransitionMeta>): void {
+  // Read existing metadata (may be undefined)
+  const existing = fn[RUNTIME_META] || {};
+
+  // Shallow merge for simple properties
+  const merged: any = { ...existing, ...metadata };
+
+  // Deep merge for array properties
+  // Prepend new items to preserve order (outer wraps first in call stack)
+  if (metadata.guards && existing.guards) {
+    merged.guards = [...metadata.guards, ...existing.guards];
+  } else if (metadata.guards) {
+    merged.guards = [...metadata.guards];
+  }
+
+  if (metadata.actions && existing.actions) {
+    merged.actions = [...metadata.actions, ...existing.actions];
+  } else if (metadata.actions) {
+    merged.actions = [...metadata.actions];
+  }
+
+  // Replace invoke entirely (not an array, can't merge)
+  // Last invoke wins (this matches XState semantics)
+
+  // Define or redefine the metadata property
+  Object.defineProperty(fn, RUNTIME_META, {
+    value: merged,
+    enumerable: false,
+    writable: false,
+    configurable: true  // CRITICAL: Must be configurable for re-definition
+  });
+}
 
 // =============================================================================
 // SECTION: ANNOTATION PRIMITIVES (THE DSL)
@@ -109,6 +176,11 @@ export function transitionTo<
   _target: T,
   implementation: F
 ): WithMeta<F, { target: T }> {
+  // Attach runtime metadata with class name
+  attachRuntimeMeta(implementation, {
+    target: _target.name || _target.toString()
+  });
+
   return implementation as any;
 }
 
@@ -127,6 +199,11 @@ export function describe<
   _text: string,
   transition: WithMeta<F, M>
 ): WithMeta<F, M & { description: string }> {
+  // Attach runtime metadata
+  attachRuntimeMeta(transition, {
+    description: _text
+  });
+
   return transition as any;
 }
 
@@ -146,6 +223,12 @@ export function guarded<
   guard: GuardMeta,
   transition: WithMeta<F, M>
 ): WithMeta<F, M & { guards: [typeof guard] }> {
+  // Attach runtime metadata
+  // Note: guards is an array, will be merged by attachRuntimeMeta
+  attachRuntimeMeta(transition, {
+    guards: [guard]
+  });
+
   return transition as any;
 }
 
@@ -168,6 +251,16 @@ export function invoke<
   service: { src: string; onDone: D; onError: E; description?: string },
   implementation: F
 ): WithMeta<F, { invoke: typeof service }> {
+  // Attach runtime metadata with class names resolved
+  attachRuntimeMeta(implementation, {
+    invoke: {
+      src: service.src,
+      onDone: service.onDone.name || service.onDone.toString(),
+      onError: service.onError.name || service.onError.toString(),
+      description: service.description
+    }
+  });
+
   return implementation as any;
 }
 
@@ -187,5 +280,47 @@ export function action<
   action: ActionMeta,
   transition: WithMeta<F, M>
 ): WithMeta<F, M & { actions: [typeof action] }> {
+  // Attach runtime metadata
+  // Note: actions is an array, will be merged by attachRuntimeMeta
+  attachRuntimeMeta(transition, {
+    actions: [action]
+  });
+
   return transition as any;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Flexible metadata wrapper for functional and type-state patterns.
+ *
+ * This function allows attaching metadata to values that don't use the class-based
+ * MachineBase pattern. It's particularly useful for:
+ * - Functional machines created with createMachine()
+ * - Type-state discriminated unions
+ * - Generic machine configurations
+ *
+ * @param meta - Partial metadata object describing states, transitions, etc.
+ * @param value - The value to annotate (machine, config, factory function, etc.)
+ * @returns The value unchanged (identity function at runtime)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Annotate a functional machine
+ * const machine = metadata(
+ *   {
+ *     target: IdleState,
+ *     description: "Counter machine with increment/decrement"
+ *   },
+ *   createMachine({ count: 0 }, { ... })
+ * );
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Annotate a factory function
+ * export const createCounter = metadata(
+ *   { description: "Creates a counter starting at 0" },
+ *   () => createMachine({ count: 0 }, { ... })
+ * );
+ */
+export function metadata<T>(_meta: Partial<TransitionMeta>, value: T): T {
+  // At runtime, this is a no-op identity function
+  // At compile-time/static-analysis, the metadata can be extracted from the type signature
+  return value;
 }

package/src/react.ts

@@ -1,44 +1,365 @@
 /**
  * @file React integration for @doeixd/machine
- * @description Provides hooks for using state machines in React components
+ * @description
+ * Provides a suite of hooks for integrating state machines with React components,
+ * covering simple component state, performance-optimized selections, and advanced
+ * framework-agnostic patterns.
+ *
+ * ---
+ *
+ * ### Hooks Overview
+ *
+ * 1.  **`useMachine(machineFactory)`**:
+ *     - **Best for:** Local, self-contained component state.
+ *     - **Returns:** `[machine, actions]`
+ *     - The simplest way to get started. It manages an immutable machine instance
+ *       and provides a stable `actions` object to trigger transitions.
+ *
+ * 2.  **`useMachineSelector(machine, selector, isEqual?)`**:
+ *     - **Best for:** Performance optimization in child components.
+ *     - **Returns:** A selected slice of the machine's state: `T`.
+ *     - Subscribes a component to only a part of the machine's state, preventing
+ *       unnecessary re-renders when other parts of the context change.
+ *
+ * 3.  **`useEnsemble(initialContext, factories, getDiscriminant)`**:
+ *     - **Best for:** Complex state, shared state, or integrating with external logic.
+ *     - **Returns:** A stable `Ensemble` instance.
+ *     - The most powerful hook. It uses the `Ensemble` pattern to decouple your
+ *       pure machine logic from React's state management, making your business
+ *       logic portable and easy to test.
+ *
+ * 4.  **`createMachineContext()`**:
+ *     - **Best for:** Avoiding prop-drilling.
+ *     - **Returns:** A `Provider` and consumer hooks (`useContext`, `useSelector`, etc.).
+ *     - A utility to provide a machine created with `useMachine` or `useEnsemble` to
+ *       the entire component tree below it.
  */
 
-import { useState, useRef, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react';
-import { runMachine, AsyncMachine, Event } from './index';
+import {
+  useState,
+  useRef,
+  useEffect,
+  useMemo,
+  createContext,
+  useContext,
+  createElement,
+  type ReactNode,
+} from 'react';
+
+import {
+  Machine,
+  createRunner,
+  createEnsemble,
+  type Runner,
+  type Ensemble,
+  type StateStore,
+} from './index';
+
+// =============================================================================
+// HOOK 1: useMachine (Ergonomic local state)
+// =============================================================================
 
 /**
- * React hook for using an async state machine.
- * @template M - The async machine type
- * @param machineFactory - A function that creates the initial machine instance
- * @returns A tuple of [machine, dispatch] for state and event dispatching
+ * A React hook for using a self-contained, immutable state machine within a component.
+ * It provides a more ergonomic API than a raw dispatcher by returning a stable `actions`
+ * object, similar to the `createRunner` primitive.
+ *
+ * This is the ideal hook for managing component-level state.
+ *
+ * @template M - The machine type (can be a union of states).
+ * @param machineFactory - A function that creates the initial machine instance.
+ *   This function is called only once on the initial render.
+ * @returns A tuple of `[machine, actions]`, where:
+ *   - `machine`: The current, reactive machine instance. Its identity changes on
+ *     every transition, triggering re-renders. Use this for reading state and
+ *     for type-narrowing.
+ *   - `actions`: A stable object containing all possible transition methods,
+ *     pre-bound to update the machine's state.
  *
  * @example
- * const [machine, dispatch] = useMachine(() => createFetchingMachine());
+ * ```tsx
+ * const [machine, actions] = useMachine(() => createCounterMachine({ count: 0 }));
  *
- * // Dispatch events
- * dispatch({ type: 'fetchUser', args: [123] });
+ * return (
+ *   <div>
+ *     <p>Count: {machine.context.count}</p>
+ *     <button onClick={() => actions.increment()}>Increment</button>
+ *     <button onClick={() => actions.add(5)}>Add 5</button>
+ *   </div>
+ * );
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @example With Type-State Programming
+ * ```tsx
+ * const [auth, actions] = useMachine(() => createLoggedOutMachine());
+ *
+ * return (
+ *   <div>
+ *     {auth.context.status === 'loggedOut' && (
+ *       <button onClick={() => actions.login('user')}>Login</button>
+ *     )}
+ *     {auth.context.status === 'loggedIn' && (
+ *       <p>Welcome, {auth.context.username}!</p>
+ *       <button onClick={() => actions.logout()}>Logout</button>
+ *     )}
+ *   </div>
+ * );
+ * ```
  */
-export function useMachine<M extends AsyncMachine<any>>(
+export function useMachine<M extends Machine<any>>(
   machineFactory: () => M
-): [M, (event: Event<M>) => Promise<M>] {
-  // Use useState to hold the machine instance, triggering re-renders on change
+): [M, Runner<M>['actions']] {
+  // useState holds the machine state, triggering re-renders.
+  // The factory is passed directly to useState to ensure it's only called once.
   const [machine, setMachine] = useState(machineFactory);
 
-  // Use a ref to hold the runner instance so it's stable across renders
-  const runnerRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof runMachine<any>> | null>(null);
+  // useMemo creates a stable runner instance that survives re-renders.
+  // The runner's job is to hold the *current* machine state and update our
+  // React state when a transition occurs.
+  const runner = useMemo(
+    () => createRunner(machine, (newState) => {
+      // This is the magic link: when the runner's internal state changes,
+      // we update React's state, causing a re-render.
+      setMachine(newState);
+    }),
+    [] // Empty dependency array ensures the runner is created only once.
+  );
+
+  return [machine, runner.actions];
+}
 
-  // Initialize the runner only once
+// =============================================================================
+// HOOK 2: useMachineSelector (Performance optimization)
+// =============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * A hook that subscribes a component to a selected slice of a machine's state.
+ *
+ * This is a critical performance optimization. It prevents a component from
+ * re-rendering if only an irrelevant part of the machine's context has changed.
+ * The component will only re-render if the value returned by the `selector` function
+ * is different from the previous render.
+ *
+ * @template M - The machine type.
+ * @template T - The type of the selected value.
+ * @param machine - The reactive machine instance from `useMachine`.
+ * @param selector - A function that takes the current machine state and returns
+ *   a derived value.
+ * @param isEqual - An optional function to compare the previous and next selected
+ *   values. Defaults to `Object.is` for strict equality checking. Provide your own
+ *   for deep comparisons of objects or arrays.
+ * @returns The selected, memoized value from the machine's state.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```tsx
+ * // In parent component:
+ * const [machine, actions] = useMachine(() => createUserMachine());
+ *
+ * // In child component (only re-renders when the user's name changes):
+ * function UserNameDisplay({ machine }) {
+ *   const userName = useMachineSelector(
+ *     machine,
+ *     (m) => m.context.user.name
+ *   );
+ *   return <p>User: {userName}</p>;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+export function useMachineSelector<M extends Machine<any>, T>(
+  machine: M,
+  selector: (state: M) => T,
+  isEqual: (a: T, b: T) => boolean = Object.is
+): T {
+  // Store the selected value in local state.
+  const [selectedValue, setSelectedValue] = useState(() => selector(machine));
+  
+  // Keep refs to the latest selector and comparison functions.
+  const selectorRef = useRef(selector);
+  const isEqualRef = useRef(isEqual);
+  selectorRef.current = selector;
+  isEqualRef.current = isEqual;
+
+  // Effect to update the selected value only when it actually changes.
   useEffect(() => {
-    runnerRef.current = runMachine(machine, (nextState) => {
-      // The magic link: when the machine's state changes, update React's state.
-      setMachine(nextState as M);
-    });
-  }, []); // Empty dependency array ensures this runs only on mount
-
-  // Memoize the dispatch function so it has a stable identity
-  const dispatch = useCallback((event: Event<M>) => {
-    return runnerRef.current?.dispatch(event) || Promise.resolve(machine);
-  }, [machine]);
-
-  return [machine, dispatch];
+    const nextValue = selectorRef.current(machine);
+    if (!isEqualRef.current(selectedValue, nextValue)) {
+      setSelectedValue(nextValue);
+    }
+  }, [machine, selectedValue]); // Re-run only when the machine or the slice changes.
+
+  return selectedValue;
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// HOOK 3: useEnsemble (Advanced integration pattern)
+// =============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * A hook that creates and manages an `Ensemble` within a React component.
+ *
+ * This is the most powerful and flexible integration pattern. It decouples your
+ * state logic (defined in `factories`) from React's state management. Your machine
+ * logic becomes pure, portable, and easily testable outside of React.
+ *
+ * @template C - The shared context object type.
+ * @template F - An object of factory functions that create machine instances.
+ * @param initialContext - The initial context object for the machine.
+ * @param factories - An object mapping state names to factory functions.
+ * @param getDiscriminant - An accessor function that determines the current state
+ *   from the context.
+ * @returns A stable `Ensemble` instance. The component will reactively update
+ *   when the ensemble's underlying context changes.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```tsx
+ * const fetchFactories = {
+ *   idle: (ctx) => createMachine(ctx, { fetch: () => ({ ...ctx, status: 'loading' }) }),
+ *   loading: (ctx) => createMachine(ctx, { succeed: (data) => ({ status: 'success', data }) }),
+ *   // ...
+ * };
+ *
+ * function MyComponent() {
+ *   const ensemble = useEnsemble(
+ *     { status: 'idle', data: null },
+ *     fetchFactories,
+ *     (ctx) => ctx.status
+ *   );
+ *
+ *   return (
+ *     <div>
+ *       <p>Status: {ensemble.context.status}</p>
+ *       {ensemble.state.context.status === 'idle' && (
+ *          <button onClick={() => ensemble.actions.fetch()}>Fetch</button>
+ *       )}
+ *     </div>
+ *   );
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+export function useEnsemble<
+  C extends object,
+  F extends Record<string, (context: C) => Machine<C>>
+>(
+  initialContext: C,
+  factories: F,
+  getDiscriminant: (context: C) => keyof F
+): Ensemble<ReturnType<F[keyof F]>, C> {
+  const [context, setContext] = useState(initialContext);
+  const contextRef = useRef(context);
+  contextRef.current = context;
+
+  const store = useMemo<StateStore<C>>(
+    () => ({
+      // getContext reads from the ref to ensure it always has the latest value,
+      // avoiding stale closures.
+      getContext: () => contextRef.current,
+      setContext: (newContext) => {
+        // The update is dispatched to React's state setter.
+        setContext(newContext);
+      },
+    }),
+    [] // The store itself is stable and created only once.
+  );
+
+  // The ensemble instance is also memoized to remain stable across re-renders.
+  const ensemble = useMemo(
+    () => createEnsemble(store, factories, getDiscriminant),
+    [store, factories, getDiscriminant]
+  );
+
+  return ensemble;
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// UTILITY 4: createMachineContext (Dependency injection)
+// =============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Creates a React Context for providing a machine instance down the component tree,
+ * avoiding the need to pass it down as props ("prop-drilling").
+ *
+ * It returns a `Provider` component and a suite of consumer hooks for accessing
+ * the state and actions.
+ *
+ * @returns An object containing:
+ *  - `Provider`: The context provider component.
+ *  - `useMachineContext`: Hook to get the full `[machine, actions]` tuple.
+ *  - `useMachineState`: Hook to get only the reactive `machine` instance.
+ *  - `useMachineActions`: Hook to get only the stable `actions` object.
+ *  - `useSelector`: Hook to get a memoized slice of the machine's state.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```tsx
+ * // 1. Create the context
+ * const { Provider, useMachineState, useMachineActions } = createMachineContext<MyMachine>();
+ *
+ * // 2. In your top-level component, create the machine and provide it
+ * function App() {
+ *   const [machine, actions] = useMachine(() => createMyMachine());
+ *   return (
+ *     <Provider machine={machine} actions={actions}>
+ *       <ChildComponent />
+ *     </Provider>
+ *   );
+ * }
+ *
+ * // 3. In a deeply nested child component
+ * function ChildComponent() {
+ *   const machine = useMachineState(); // Gets the current state
+ *   const actions = useMachineActions(); // Gets the stable actions
+ *   const name = useSelector(m => m.context.name); // Selects a slice
+ *
+ *   return (
+ *     <div>
+ *       <p>Name: {name}</p>
+ *       <button onClick={() => actions.rename('new name')}>Rename</button>
+ *     </div>
+ *   );
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+export function createMachineContext<M extends Machine<any>>() {
+  type MachineContextValue = [M, Runner<M>['actions']];
+  const Context = createContext<MachineContextValue | null>(null);
+
+  const Provider = ({
+    machine,
+    actions,
+    children,
+  }: {
+    machine: M;
+    actions: Runner<M>['actions'];
+    children: ReactNode;
+  }) => {
+    // Memoize the context value to prevent unnecessary re-renders in consumers.
+    const value = useMemo<MachineContextValue>(() => [machine, actions], [machine, actions]);
+    return createElement(Context.Provider, { value }, children);
+  };
+
+  const useMachineContext = (): MachineContextValue => {
+    const context = useContext(Context);
+    if (!context) {
+      throw new Error('useMachineContext must be used within a Machine.Provider');
+    }
+    return context;
+  };
+
+  const useMachineState = (): M => useMachineContext()[0];
+  const useMachineActions = (): Runner<M>['actions'] => useMachineContext()[1];
+
+  const useSelector = <T,>(
+    selector: (state: M) => T,
+    isEqual?: (a: T, b: T) => boolean
+  ): T => {
+    const machine = useMachineState();
+    return useMachineSelector(machine, selector, isEqual);
+  };
+
+  return {
+    Provider,
+    useMachineContext,
+    useMachineState,
+    useMachineActions,
+    useSelector,
+  };
 }