@divmain/jdm-asm 0.2.0 → 0.2.3

package/src/runtime/expressions.ts

@@ -1,1811 +0,0 @@
-// assembly/runtime/expressions.ts (AssemblyScript)
-import { Value, TYPE_ARRAY, TYPE_STRING, TYPE_FLOAT, TYPE_INT, TYPE_BOOL } from './values';
-
-/**
- * Helper function to create an argument array.
- * AssemblyScript doesn't support true variadic functions or rest parameters, so we provide
- * fixed-arity helpers (makeArgs1, makeArgs2, makeArgs3) for common function arities.
- *
- * These use thread-local reusable arrays to avoid allocations in hot paths.
- * Since WASM evaluation is single-threaded, reusing arrays is safe.
- */
-
-// Reusable argument arrays - lazily initialized
-let _args1: Array<Value> | null = null;
-let _args2: Array<Value> | null = null;
-let _args3: Array<Value> | null = null;
-
-export function makeArgs(a: Value, b: Value, c: Value = Value.Null()): Array<Value> {
-  if (_args3 === null) {
-    _args3 = new Array<Value>(3);
-  }
-  unchecked((_args3![0] = a));
-  unchecked((_args3![1] = b));
-  unchecked((_args3![2] = c));
-  return _args3!;
-}
-
-export function makeArgs1(a: Value): Array<Value> {
-  if (_args1 === null) {
-    _args1 = new Array<Value>(1);
-  }
-  unchecked((_args1![0] = a));
-  return _args1!;
-}
-
-export function makeArgs2(a: Value, b: Value): Array<Value> {
-  if (_args2 === null) {
-    _args2 = new Array<Value>(2);
-  }
-  unchecked((_args2![0] = a));
-  unchecked((_args2![1] = b));
-  return _args2!;
-}
-
-export function makeArgs3(a: Value, b: Value, c: Value): Array<Value> {
-  if (_args3 === null) {
-    _args3 = new Array<Value>(3);
-  }
-  unchecked((_args3![0] = a));
-  unchecked((_args3![1] = b));
-  unchecked((_args3![2] = c));
-  return _args3!;
-}
-
-// Type alias for function handlers
-type FunctionHandler = (args: Array<Value>) => Value;
-
-// Global function registry - Map provides O(1) lookup instead of O(n) if-else chain
-const functionRegistry = new Map<string, FunctionHandler>();
-
-/**
- * Initialize the function registry with all built-in functions.
- * This is called once at module initialization.
- */
-function initializeFunctionRegistry(): void {
-  // Array functions
-  functionRegistry.set('sum', (args: Array<Value>): Value => sumArray(args[0]));
-  functionRegistry.set('avg', (args: Array<Value>): Value => avgArray(args[0]));
-  functionRegistry.set('min', (args: Array<Value>): Value => minArray(args[0]));
-  functionRegistry.set('max', (args: Array<Value>): Value => maxArray(args[0]));
-  functionRegistry.set('sort', (args: Array<Value>): Value => sortArray(args[0]));
-
-  // Flatten has two aliases
-  const flatHandler = (args: Array<Value>): Value => {
-    const arg1 = args.length >= 2 ? args[1] : Value.Null();
-    return flatArray(args[0], arg1);
-  };
-  functionRegistry.set('flat', flatHandler);
-  functionRegistry.set('flatten', flatHandler);
-
-  // Count/length has two aliases
-  const lengthHandler = (args: Array<Value>): Value => lengthOf(args[0]);
-  functionRegistry.set('count', lengthHandler);
-  functionRegistry.set('len', lengthHandler);
-
-  functionRegistry.set('contains', (args: Array<Value>): Value => {
-    const arg1 = args.length >= 2 ? args[1] : Value.Null();
-    return containsValue(args[0], arg1);
-  });
-
-  // Type conversion functions
-  functionRegistry.set('number', (args: Array<Value>): Value => numberValue(args[0]));
-  functionRegistry.set('string', (args: Array<Value>): Value => stringValue(args[0]));
-
-  // Math functions
-  functionRegistry.set('abs', (args: Array<Value>): Value => absValue(args[0]));
-  functionRegistry.set('floor', (args: Array<Value>): Value => floorValue(args[0]));
-  functionRegistry.set('ceil', (args: Array<Value>): Value => ceilValue(args[0]));
-  functionRegistry.set('round', (args: Array<Value>): Value => roundValue(args[0]));
-
-  // String functions
-  functionRegistry.set('upper', (args: Array<Value>): Value => upperString(args[0]));
-  functionRegistry.set('lower', (args: Array<Value>): Value => lowerString(args[0]));
-  functionRegistry.set('trim', (args: Array<Value>): Value => trimString(args[0]));
-
-  functionRegistry.set('substring', (args: Array<Value>): Value => {
-    const arg1 = args.length >= 2 ? args[1] : Value.Null();
-    const arg2 = args.length >= 3 ? args[2] : Value.Null();
-    return substringString(args[0], arg1, arg2);
-  });
-
-  functionRegistry.set('indexOf', (args: Array<Value>): Value => {
-    const arg1 = args.length >= 2 ? args[1] : Value.Null();
-    const arg2 = args.length >= 3 ? args[2] : Value.Null();
-    return indexOfString(args[0], arg1, arg2.isNull() ? Value.Int(<i64>0) : arg2);
-  });
-
-  functionRegistry.set('startsWith', (args: Array<Value>): Value => {
-    const arg1 = args.length >= 2 ? args[1] : Value.Null();
-    return startsWithString(args[0], arg1);
-  });
-
-  functionRegistry.set('endsWith', (args: Array<Value>): Value => {
-    const arg1 = args.length >= 2 ? args[1] : Value.Null();
-    return endsWithString(args[0], arg1);
-  });
-
-  functionRegistry.set('split', (args: Array<Value>): Value => {
-    const arg1 = args.length >= 2 ? args[1] : Value.Null();
-    return splitString(args[0], arg1);
-  });
-
-  functionRegistry.set('join', (args: Array<Value>): Value => {
-    const arg1 = args.length >= 2 ? args[1] : Value.Null();
-    return joinArray(args[0], arg1);
-  });
-
-  functionRegistry.set('replace', (args: Array<Value>): Value => {
-    const arg1 = args.length >= 2 ? args[1] : Value.Null();
-    const arg2 = args.length >= 3 ? args[2] : Value.Null();
-    return replaceString(args[0], arg1, arg2);
-  });
-
-  functionRegistry.set('replaceAll', (args: Array<Value>): Value => {
-    const arg1 = args.length >= 2 ? args[1] : Value.Null();
-    const arg2 = args.length >= 3 ? args[2] : Value.Null();
-    return replaceAllString(args[0], arg1, arg2);
-  });
-
-  // Date/time functions
-  functionRegistry.set('date', (args: Array<Value>): Value => parseDate(args[0]));
-
-  // now() returns 0 because WASM doesn't have direct access to system time in a sandboxed way.
-  // To get the current timestamp, use date("now") instead, which uses Date.now().
-  functionRegistry.set('now', (args: Array<Value>): Value => Value.Float(0));
-
-  functionRegistry.set('time', (args: Array<Value>): Value => parseTime(args[0]));
-  functionRegistry.set('duration', (args: Array<Value>): Value => parseDuration(args[0]));
-
-  // Object functions
-  functionRegistry.set('values', (args: Array<Value>): Value => objectValues(args[0]));
-  functionRegistry.set('keys', (args: Array<Value>): Value => objectKeys(args[0]));
-}
-
-// Initialize the registry immediately
-initializeFunctionRegistry();
-
-/**
- * Evaluate built-in functions.
- * All inputs and outputs use the Value tagged union.
- *
- * Uses a Map-based registry for O(1) function lookup instead of O(n) if-else chain.
- */
-export function evaluateFunction(name: string, args: Array<Value>): Value {
-  // Safety check for args array
-  if (args == null || args.length == 0) return Value.Null();
-
-  // Look up handler in the registry
-  if (functionRegistry.has(name)) {
-    const handler = functionRegistry.get(name);
-    return handler(args);
-  }
-
-  // Unknown function - return null
-  return Value.Null();
-}
-
-// === Object Functions ===
-
-/**
- * Get all values from an object as an array.
- * If the input is not an object, returns an empty array.
- */
-export function objectValues(val: Value): Value {
-  if (!val.isObject()) return Value.Array(new Array<Value>(0));
-  const obj = val.asObject();
-  const keys = obj.keys();
-  const result = new Array<Value>(keys.length);
-  for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
-    unchecked((result[i] = obj.get(unchecked(keys[i]))));
-  }
-  return Value.Array(result);
-}
-
-/**
- * Get all keys from an object as an array of strings.
- * If the input is not an object, returns an empty array.
- */
-export function objectKeys(val: Value): Value {
-  if (!val.isObject()) return Value.Array(new Array<Value>(0));
-  const obj = val.asObject();
-  const keys = obj.keys();
-  const result = new Array<Value>(keys.length);
-  for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
-    unchecked((result[i] = Value.String(unchecked(keys[i]))));
-  }
-  return Value.Array(result);
-}
-
-// === Array Functions ===
-
-export function sumArray(val: Value): Value {
-  if (!val.isArray()) return Value.Float(0.0);
-  const arr = val.asArray();
-  let total: f64 = 0.0;
-  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
-    total += unchecked(arr[i]).asFloat();
-  }
-  return Value.Float(total);
-}
-
-export function minArray(val: Value): Value {
-  if (!val.isArray()) return Value.Null();
-  const arr = val.asArray();
-  if (arr.length == 0) return Value.Null();
-  let min = arr[0].asFloat();
-  for (let i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
-    const v = unchecked(arr[i]).asFloat();
-    if (v < min) min = v;
-  }
-  return Value.Float(min);
-}
-
-export function maxArray(val: Value): Value {
-  if (!val.isArray()) return Value.Null();
-  const arr = val.asArray();
-  if (arr.length == 0) return Value.Null();
-  let max = arr[0].asFloat();
-  for (let i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
-    const v = unchecked(arr[i]).asFloat();
-    if (v > max) max = v;
-  }
-  return Value.Float(max);
-}
-
-export function avgArray(val: Value): Value {
-  if (!val.isArray()) return Value.Null();
-  const arr = val.asArray();
-  if (arr.length == 0) return Value.Null();
-  let total: f64 = 0.0;
-  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
-    total += unchecked(arr[i]).asFloat();
-  }
-  return Value.Float(total / <f64>arr.length);
-}
-
-/**
- * Sort an array in ascending order.
- *
- * Supports sorting numbers and strings in ascending order.
- * Creates and returns a new sorted array without modifying the original.
- *
- * Parameters:
- * - val: The array value to sort
- *
- * Behavior:
- * - Numbers: sorted in ascending numeric order
- * - Strings: sorted in lexicographic (ASCII) order
- * - Empty arrays: returns a new empty array
- * - Non-array inputs: returns null
- *
- * Examples:
- * - sortArray([3, 1, 2]) -> [1, 2, 3]
- * - sortArray(["c", "a", "b"]) -> ["a", "b", "c"]
- * - sortArray([]) -> []
- *
- * @param val - The array value to sort
- * @returns A new sorted array, or null for invalid input
- */
-export function sortArray(val: Value): Value {
-  if (!val.isArray()) return Value.Null();
-  const arr = val.asArray();
-
-  // Create a copy of the array to avoid mutating the original
-  const sorted = new Array<Value>(arr.length);
-  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
-    unchecked((sorted[i] = unchecked(arr[i])));
-  }
-
-  // Sort the copy using the compareValues function
-  sorted.sort((a: Value, b: Value): i32 => compareValues(a, b));
-
-  return Value.Array(sorted);
-}
-
-/**
- * Flatten nested arrays into a single-level array.
- *
- * Parameters:
- * - val: The array value to flatten
- * - depthVal: Optional depth (default: 1). Specifies how many levels deep to flatten.
- *
- * Behavior:
- * - If depth is 0, returns a shallow copy of the array
- * - Flattens arrays recursively up to the specified depth
- * - Empty arrays are returned as empty arrays
- * - Non-array inputs return null
- *
- * Examples:
- * - flatArray([[1, 2], [3, 4]]) -> [1, 2, 3, 4] (depth 1)
- * - flatArray([1, [2, [3]]]) -> [1, 2, [3]] (depth 1)
- * - flatArray([1, [2, [3]]], 2) -> [1, 2, 3] (depth 2)
- * - flatArray([1, 2, 3]) -> [1, 2, 3] (no nesting, shallow copy)
- * - flatArray([]) -> [] (empty array)
- * - flatArray([[1], [2]], 0) -> [[1], [2]] (depth 0, no flattening)
- *
- * @param val - The array value to flatten
- * @param depthVal - Optional depth for flattening (default: 1)
- * @returns A new flattened array, or null for invalid input
- */
-export function flatArray(val: Value, depthVal: Value = Value.Int(<i64>1)): Value {
-  if (!val.isArray()) return Value.Null();
-  const arr = val.asArray();
-
-  // Parse depth parameter matches JavaScript Array.flat() default behavior, which
-  // flattens one level deep unless specified otherwise. Most common use case.
-  let depth: i32 = 1;
-  if (!depthVal.isNull() && depthVal.isNumber()) {
-    depth = <i32>depthVal.asFloat(); // Use asFloat() since numbers may come as floats
-    // Clamp depth to non-negative values
-    if (depth < 0) depth = 1;
-  }
-
-  // Use a simple iterative approach that maintains order
-  let result = new Array<Value>();
-  flattenRecursive(arr, depth, result);
-  return Value.Array(result);
-}
-
-// Helper function for flatArray
-function flattenRecursive(arr: Array<Value>, currentDepth: i32, result: Array<Value>): void {
-  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
-    const element = unchecked(arr[i]);
-    if (element.isArray() && currentDepth > 0) {
-      // Recursively flatten nested array
-      flattenRecursive(element.asArray(), currentDepth - 1, result);
-    } else {
-      // Add element to results
-      result.push(element);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-export function lengthOf(val: Value): Value {
-  if (val.isArray()) {
-    return Value.Int(<i64>val.asArray().length);
-  }
-  if (val.isString()) {
-    return Value.Int(<i64>val.asString().length);
-  }
-  return Value.Int(0);
-}
-
-/**
- * Check if a value contains a subvalue.
- *
- * For strings: checks if the string contains a given substring.
- * For arrays: checks if the array contains the given value.
- *
- * Parameters:
- * - container: The string or array to search in
- * - needle: The substring or value to search for
- *
- * Behavior:
- * - If container is a string, checks if it contains the substring
- * - If container is an array, checks if any element equals the needle
- * - For strings, returns null if either argument is not a string
- * - For arrays, always returns a boolean
- *
- * String Examples:
- * - contains("hello world", "world") → true
- * - contains("hello world", "xyz") → false
- * - contains("abc", "abc") → true
- * - contains("hello", "") → true (empty string is always contained)
- * - contains("", "") → true
- * - contains("", "x") → false
- * - contains("Hello", "hello") → false (case-sensitive)
- * - contains("hello", 123) → null (needle not a string)
- * - contains(123, "hello") → null (container not a string)
- *
- * Array Examples:
- * - contains([1, 2, 3], 2) → true
- * - contains([1, 2, 3], 4) → false
- * - contains(["a"], "a") → true
- * - contains(123, 1) → false
- *
- * @param container - The string or array to search in
- * @param needle - The substring or value to search for
- * @returns true if contained, false if not, or null for invalid string arguments
- */
-export function containsValue(container: Value, needle: Value): Value {
-  // Handle string containment
-  if (container.isString()) {
-    if (!needle.isString()) return Value.Null();
-    const str = container.asString();
-    const search = needle.asString();
-    // Use indexOf to check containment (returns -1 if not found)
-    const index = str.indexOf(search);
-    return Value.Bool(index >= 0);
-  }
-
-  // Handle array containment (original behavior)
-  if (!container.isArray()) return Value.Bool(false);
-  const arr = container.asArray();
-  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
-    if (valuesEqual(unchecked(arr[i]), needle)) return Value.Bool(true);
-  }
-  return Value.Bool(false);
-}
-
-// === Date/Time Functions ===
-
-/**
- * Parse a date string into a numeric timestamp.
- *
- * Supports ISO 8601 date format: YYYY-MM-DD or YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[Z|+/-HH:MM]
- * Returns Unix timestamp in seconds since epoch (1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC).
- * This matches zen-engine's behavior and allows date arithmetic operations.
- *
- * Examples:
- * - date("2025-03-20T10:30:00Z") → 1742466600 (seconds since epoch)
- * - date("1970-01-01") → 0
- * - date("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z") → 0
- *
- * @param val - A string value containing a date
- * @returns A float Value representing seconds since epoch, or Null for invalid input
- */
-export function parseDate(val: Value): Value {
-  if (!val.isString()) return Value.Null();
-
-  const str = val.asString();
-
-  // Handle special 'now' keyword - returns Unix timestamp in seconds
-  // Using Date.now() which returns milliseconds, convert to seconds
-  if (str == 'now') {
-    return Value.Float(<f64>Date.now() / 1000.0);
-  }
-
-  // Fast path for simple YYYY-MM-DD format (10 characters)
-  // This avoids string allocations from split() and substring() for common cases
-  if (str.length == 10) {
-    // Check dash positions at indices 4 and 7
-    const dashPos1 = unchecked(<i32>str.charCodeAt(4));
-    const dashPos2 = unchecked(<i32>str.charCodeAt(7));
-    if (dashPos1 == 45 && dashPos2 == 45) {
-      // Hyphen is ASCII 45, digits start at ASCII 48
-      // Parse year, month, day directly without split()
-      const year =
-        unchecked(<i32>str.charCodeAt(0) - 48) * 1000 +
-        unchecked(<i32>str.charCodeAt(1) - 48) * 100 +
-        unchecked(<i32>str.charCodeAt(2) - 48) * 10 +
-        unchecked(<i32>str.charCodeAt(3) - 48);
-      const month =
-        unchecked(<i32>str.charCodeAt(5) - 48) * 10 + unchecked(<i32>str.charCodeAt(6) - 48);
-      const day =
-        unchecked(<i32>str.charCodeAt(8) - 48) * 10 + unchecked(<i32>str.charCodeAt(9) - 48);
-
-      // Validate ranges
-      if (year >= 0 && month >= 1 && month <= 12 && day >= 1 && day <= 31) {
-        const daysSinceEpoch = calculateDaysSinceEpoch(year, month, day);
-        return Value.Float(<f64>daysSinceEpoch * 86400.0);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Parse ISO 8601 date format: YYYY-MM-DD
-  // Also handle datetime format: YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[Z|+/-HH:MM]
-  let dateStr = str;
-  let timeStr = '';
-  let tzOffsetSeconds: i32 = 0; // Timezone offset in seconds (positive = ahead of UTC)
-
-  const tIndex = str.indexOf('T');
-  if (tIndex >= 0) {
-    dateStr = str.substring(0, tIndex);
-    let timePart = str.substring(tIndex + 1);
-
-    // Handle timezone: Z, +HH:MM, -HH:MM
-    const zIndex = timePart.indexOf('Z');
-    if (zIndex >= 0) {
-      timeStr = timePart.substring(0, zIndex);
-      tzOffsetSeconds = 0; // UTC
-    } else {
-      const plusIndex = timePart.indexOf('+');
-      const minusIndex = timePart.indexOf('-');
-      // Find timezone offset (look for +/- after the time part, not in middle of time)
-      let tzStartIndex = -1;
-      if (plusIndex >= 5) {
-        // At least HH:MM before timezone
-        tzStartIndex = plusIndex;
-      } else if (minusIndex >= 5) {
-        tzStartIndex = minusIndex;
-      }
-
-      if (tzStartIndex >= 0) {
-        timeStr = timePart.substring(0, tzStartIndex);
-        const tzStr = timePart.substring(tzStartIndex);
-        // Parse timezone offset (+/-HH:MM or +/-HH)
-        const isNegative = tzStr.charAt(0) == '-';
-        const tzParts = tzStr.substring(1).split(':');
-        if (tzParts.length >= 1) {
-          const tzHours = parseIntValue(tzParts[0]);
-          const tzMinutes = tzParts.length >= 2 ? parseIntValue(tzParts[1]) : 0;
-          if (tzHours >= 0 && tzMinutes >= 0) {
-            tzOffsetSeconds = tzHours * 3600 + tzMinutes * 60;
-            if (isNegative) tzOffsetSeconds = -tzOffsetSeconds;
-          }
-        }
-      } else {
-        timeStr = timePart;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Split date by dash
-  const parts = dateStr.split('-');
-  if (parts.length < 3) return Value.Null();
-
-  // Parse year, month, day
-  const year = parseIntValue(parts[0]);
-  const month = parseIntValue(parts[1]);
-  const day = parseIntValue(parts[2]);
-
-  if (year < 0 || month < 1 || month > 12 || day < 1 || day > 31) {
-    return Value.Null();
-  }
-
-  // Calculate days since epoch
-  const daysSinceEpoch = calculateDaysSinceEpoch(year, month, day);
-
-  // Parse time if present (HH:MM:SS or HH:MM)
-  let hours: i32 = 0;
-  let minutes: i32 = 0;
-  let seconds: i32 = 0;
-
-  if (timeStr.length > 0) {
-    const timeParts = timeStr.split(':');
-    if (timeParts.length >= 2) {
-      hours = parseIntValue(timeParts[0]);
-      minutes = parseIntValue(timeParts[1]);
-      if (timeParts.length >= 3) {
-        // Handle fractional seconds (e.g., "10:30:00.123")
-        const secStr = timeParts[2];
-        const dotIndex = secStr.indexOf('.');
-        if (dotIndex >= 0) {
-          seconds = parseIntValue(secStr.substring(0, dotIndex));
-        } else {
-          seconds = parseIntValue(secStr);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    if (hours < 0 || hours > 23 || minutes < 0 || minutes > 59 || seconds < 0 || seconds > 59) {
-      // Invalid time - use 0
-      hours = 0;
-      minutes = 0;
-      seconds = 0;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Calculate total seconds since epoch
-  // daysSinceEpoch * 86400 + hours * 3600 + minutes * 60 + seconds - tzOffsetSeconds
-  // We subtract tzOffsetSeconds to convert local time to UTC
-  const totalSeconds: f64 =
-    <f64>daysSinceEpoch * 86400.0 +
-    <f64>hours * 3600.0 +
-    <f64>minutes * 60.0 +
-    <f64>seconds -
-    <f64>tzOffsetSeconds;
-
-  return Value.Float(totalSeconds);
-}
-
-/**
- * Parse a time string into a numeric value.
- *
- * Supports format: HH:MM:SS or HH:MM
- * Returns the number of seconds since midnight.
- *
- * @param val - A string value containing a time
- * @returns A float Value representing seconds since midnight
- */
-export function parseTime(val: Value): Value {
-  if (!val.isString()) return Value.Null();
-
-  const str = val.asString();
-  const parts = str.split(':');
-
-  if (parts.length < 2) return Value.Null();
-
-  const hours = parseIntValue(parts[0]);
-  const minutes = parseIntValue(parts[1]);
-  const seconds = parts.length >= 3 ? parseIntValue(parts[2]) : 0;
-
-  if (hours < 0 || hours > 23 || minutes < 0 || minutes > 59 || seconds < 0 || seconds > 59) {
-    return Value.Null();
-  }
-
-  const totalSeconds = hours * 3600 + minutes * 60 + seconds;
-  return Value.Float(<f64>totalSeconds);
-}
-
-/**
- * Parse a duration string into a numeric value.
- *
- * Supports ISO 8601 duration format: P[n]Y[n]M[n]DT[n]H[n]M[n]S
- * Also supports simple formats like "30d", "24h", "60m", "3600s"
- *
- * @param val - A string value containing a duration
- * @returns A float Value representing duration in seconds
- */
-export function parseDuration(val: Value): Value {
-  if (!val.isString()) return Value.Null();
-
-  const str = val.asString();
-
-  // Handle simple formats: "30d", "24h", "60m", "3600s"
-  if (str.length > 1) {
-    const unit = str.charAt(str.length - 1);
-    const numStr = str.substring(0, str.length - 1);
-    const num = parseFloatValue(numStr);
-
-    if (num >= 0) {
-      if (unit == 's') return Value.Float(num);
-      if (unit == 'm') return Value.Float(num * 60);
-      if (unit == 'h') return Value.Float(num * 3600);
-      if (unit == 'd') return Value.Float(num * 86400);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Full ISO 8601 duration format (P[n]Y[n]M[n]DT[n]H[n]M[n]S) not yet supported
-  return Value.Null();
-}
-
-/**
- * Parse a string to an integer value.
- */
-function parseIntValue(str: string): i32 {
-  let result: i32 = 0;
-  let negative = false;
-  let i = 0;
-
-  // Handle leading whitespace
-  while (i < str.length && str.charCodeAt(i) == 32) {
-    i++;
-  }
-
-  // Handle negative sign
-  if (i < str.length && str.charCodeAt(i) == 45) {
-    // '-'
-    negative = true;
-    i++;
-  }
-
-  // Parse digits
-  let hasDigits = false;
-  while (i < str.length) {
-    const c = str.charCodeAt(i);
-    if (c >= 48 && c <= 57) {
-      // '0'-'9'
-      result = result * 10 + (c - 48);
-      hasDigits = true;
-      i++;
-    } else {
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // AssemblyScript doesn't have optional types or Result<T,E>, so we use -1 as sentinel
-  // value for parse errors. Callers check for negative values to detect failures.
-  if (!hasDigits) return -1;
-
-  return negative ? -result : result;
-}
-
-/**
- * Parse a string to a float value.
- * Returns NaN for invalid input.
- */
-function parseFloatValue(str: string): f64 {
-  return parseFloat(str);
-}
-
-/**
- * Calculate days since Unix epoch (1970-01-01).
- * Uses a simplified algorithm that handles leap years.
- */
-function calculateDaysSinceEpoch(year: i32, month: i32, day: i32): i32 {
-  // Days in each month (non-leap year)
-  const daysInMonth: i32[] = [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31];
-
-  // Calculate days from years
-  let days: i32 = 0;
-
-  // Calculate years from 1970 to target year
-  if (year >= 1970) {
-    for (let y = 1970; y < year; y++) {
-      days += isLeapYear(y) ? 366 : 365;
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (let y = year; y < 1970; y++) {
-      days -= isLeapYear(y) ? 366 : 365;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Add days from months
-  for (let m = 1; m < month; m++) {
-    days += unchecked(daysInMonth[m - 1]);
-    // Add leap day for February in leap years
-    if (m == 2 && isLeapYear(year)) {
-      days += 1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Add days
-  days += day - 1; // day 1 is the first day, so subtract 1
-
-  return days;
-}
-
-/**
- * Check if a year is a leap year.
- */
-function isLeapYear(year: i32): bool {
-  return (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 == 0;
-}
-
-// === Math Functions ===
-
-export function absValue(val: Value): Value {
-  if (val.isNumber()) {
-    const n = val.asFloat();
-    return Value.Float(n < 0 ? -n : n);
-  }
-  return Value.Null();
-}
-
-export function floorValue(val: Value): Value {
-  if (val.isNumber()) {
-    return Value.Float(Math.floor(val.asFloat()));
-  }
-  return Value.Null();
-}
-
-export function ceilValue(val: Value): Value {
-  if (val.isNumber()) {
-    return Value.Float(Math.ceil(val.asFloat()));
-  }
-  return Value.Null();
-}
-
-export function roundValue(val: Value): Value {
-  if (val.isNumber()) {
-    return Value.Float(Math.round(val.asFloat()));
-  }
-  return Value.Null();
-}
-
-// === String Functions ===
-
-/**
- * Convert a string to uppercase.
- *
- * Non-alphabetic characters (numbers, symbols, spaces) remain unchanged.
- * If the input is not a string, returns null.
- *
- * Examples:
- * - upper("hello") → "HELLO"
- * - upper("Hello World") → "HELLO WORLD"
- * - upper("123abc") → "123ABC"
- * - upper("!@#") → "!@#"
- * - upper(123) → null
- * - upper(null) → null
- *
- * @param val - The value to convert to uppercase
- * @returns The uppercase string, or null if input is not a string
- */
-export function upperString(val: Value): Value {
-  if (!val.isString()) return Value.Null();
-  const str = val.asString();
-  return Value.String(str.toUpperCase());
-}
-
-/**
- * Convert a string to lowercase.
- *
- * Non-alphabetic characters (numbers, symbols, spaces) remain unchanged.
- * If the input is not a string, returns null.
- *
- * Examples:
- * - lower("HELLO") → "hello"
- * - lower("Hello World") → "hello world"
- * - lower("123ABC") → "123abc"
- * - lower("!@#") → "!@#"
- * - lower(123) → null
- * - lower(null) → null
- *
- * @param val - The value to convert to lowercase
- * @returns The lowercase string, or null if input is not a string
- */
-export function lowerString(val: Value): Value {
-  if (!val.isString()) return Value.Null();
-  const str = val.asString();
-  return Value.String(str.toLowerCase());
-}
-
-/**
- * Remove leading and trailing whitespace from a string.
- *
- * Whitespace includes spaces, tabs, newlines, and other whitespace characters.
- * If the input is not a string, returns null.
- *
- * Examples:
- * - trim("  hello  ") → "hello"
- * - trim("\t\nhello\n\t") → "hello"
- * - trim("hello") → "hello" (no change)
- * - trim("  hello world  ") → "hello world"
- * - trim("") → "" (empty string)
- * - trim("   ") → "" (only whitespace)
- * - trim(123) → null
- * - trim(null) → null
- *
- * @param val - The value to trim whitespace from
- * @returns The trimmed string, or null if input is not a string
- */
-export function trimString(val: Value): Value {
-  if (!val.isString()) return Value.Null();
-  const str = val.asString();
-  return Value.String(str.trim());
-}
-
-/**
- * Extract a portion of a string.
- *
- * Returns a substring starting at the specified index and optionally
- * ending at the specified index (or length).
- *
- * Parameters:
- * - str: The input string
- * - start: The starting index (0-based, inclusive)
- * - endOrLength: Optional end index (exclusive) or length. If omitted,
- *       extracts from start to the end of the string.
- *
- * Behavior:
- * - If start is negative, it's treated as an offset from the end of the string
- * - If start < 0, it's clamped to 0 (empty prefix)
- * - If start >= str.length, returns empty string
- * - If endOrLength is omitted or null, extracts to end of string
- * - If endOrLength is negative, it's treated as an offset from the end
- * - If endOrLength > str.length, it's clamped to str.length
- * - If endOrLength <= start, returns empty string
- *
- * Examples:
- * - substring("hello", 0, 2) → "he"
- * - substring("hello", 1, 3) → "el"
- * - substring("hello", 2) → "llo"
- * - substring("hello", 0) → "hello"
- * - substring("hello", 0, 5) → "hello"
- * - substring("hello", 0, 10) → "hello" (clamped to end)
- * - substring("hello", 3, 5) → "lo"
- * - substring("hello", -3) → "llo" (from end)
- * - substring("hello", 0, -2) → "hel" (from end)
- * - substring("hello", 10) → "" (start beyond length)
- * - substring("", 0, 5) → "" (empty string)
- * - substring(123, 0, 2) → null (not a string)
- * - substring(null, 0, 2) → null (not a string)
- *
- * @param strVal - The string value to extract from
- * @param startVal - The starting index
- * @param endOrLengthVal - Optional end index (exclusive) or length
- * @returns The substring, or null if input is not a string
- */
-export function substringString(strVal: Value, startVal: Value, endOrLengthVal: Value): Value {
-  if (!strVal.isString()) return Value.Null();
-  const str = strVal.asString();
-  const len = str.length;
-
-  if (len == 0) return Value.String('');
-
-  // Parse start index - use asFloat() to handle both Int and Float types
-  let start: i32 = 0;
-  if (startVal.isNumber()) {
-    start = <i32>startVal.asFloat();
-  }
-
-  // Handle negative start (offset from end)
-  if (start < 0) {
-    start = len + start;
-    if (start < 0) start = 0; // Clamp to 0
-  }
-
-  // Handle start beyond length
-  if (start >= len) {
-    return Value.String('');
-  }
-
-  // Parse end index if provided
-  let hasEnd = !endOrLengthVal.isNull();
-  let end: i32 = len; // Default to end of string
-
-  if (hasEnd && endOrLengthVal.isNumber()) {
-    end = <i32>endOrLengthVal.asFloat();
-
-    // Handle negative end (offset from end)
-    if (end < 0) {
-      end = len + end;
-      if (end < 0) end = 0;
-    }
-
-    // Clamp end to string length
-    if (end > len) end = len;
-
-    // Ensure end >= start
-    if (end < start) end = start;
-  }
-
-  // Extract substring
-  return Value.String(str.substring(start, end));
-}
-
-/**
- * Find the index of the first occurrence of a substring.
- *
- * Returns the index of the first occurrence of the search string,
- * starting from the specified position. Returns -1 if not found.
- *
- * Parameters:
- * - str: The string to search in
- * - searchVal: The substring to search for
- * - startVal: Optional starting position (default: 0)
- *
- * Behavior:
- * - If the source string is not a string, returns null
- * - If the search value is not a string, returns null
- * - If start is negative or omitted, defaults to 0
- * - If start > str.length, returns -1 (not found)
- * - If search string is empty, returns the start position
- * - Returns -1 if the substring is not found
- *
- * Examples:
- * - indexOf("hello", "l") → 2
- * - indexOf("hello", "x") → -1
- * - indexOf("hello", "l", 3) → 3
- * - indexOf("hello", "ll") → 2
- * - indexOf("hello", "lo", 0) → 3
- * - indexOf("hello", "") → 0 (empty search string)
- * - indexOf("hello", "o", 5) → -1 (start at end)
- * - indexOf("hello", "o", 10) → -1 (start beyond length)
- * - indexOf("", "x") → -1 (empty source)
- * - indexOf("", "") → 0 (both empty)
- * - indexOf(123, "1") → null (not a string)
- *
- * @param strVal - The string value to search in
- * @param searchVal - The substring value to search for
- * @param startVal - Optional starting position
- * @returns The index of the first occurrence, or -1 if not found, or null if inputs are not strings
- */
-export function indexOfString(strVal: Value, searchVal: Value, startVal: Value): Value {
-  if (!strVal.isString() || !searchVal.isString()) return Value.Null();
-  const str = strVal.asString();
-  const search = searchVal.asString();
-
-  // Parse start index
-  let start: i32 = 0;
-  if (!startVal.isNull() && startVal.isNumber()) {
-    start = <i32>startVal.asFloat();
-  }
-
-  // Handle negative start
-  if (start < 0) {
-    start = 0;
-  }
-
-  // Special case: empty search string (matches JavaScript behavior)
-  // When searching for empty string, return the start position clamped to string length
-  if (search.length == 0) {
-    const len = <i32>str.length;
-    if (start >= len) {
-      return Value.Int(<i64>len);
-    }
-    return Value.Int(<i64>start);
-  }
-
-  // AssemblyScript's indexOf returns -1 for not found
-  const index = str.indexOf(search, start);
-  return Value.Int(<i64>index);
-}
-
-/**
- * Check if a string starts with a given prefix.
- *
- * Returns true if the string begins with the specified prefix, false otherwise.
- *
- * Parameters:
- * - str: The string to check
- * - prefix: The prefix to look for
- *
- * Behavior:
- * - If either input is not a string, returns null
- * - If the prefix is an empty string, returns true
- * - Case-sensitive comparison
- *
- * Examples:
- * - startsWith("hello", "he") → true
- * - startsWith("hello", "lo") → false
- * - startsWith("hello", "hello") → true
- * - startsWith("hello", "hello world") → false (prefix longer than string)
- * - startsWith("", "") → true (empty strings)
- * - startsWith("hello", "") → true (empty prefix)
- * - startsWith("", "he") → false (prefix longer than empty string)
- * - startsWith("Hello", "he") → false (case-sensitive)
- * - startsWith(123, "1") → null (not a string)
- * - startsWith(null, "he") → null (not a string)
- *
- * @param strVal - The string value to check
- * @param prefixVal - The prefix value to look for
- * @returns true if the string starts with the prefix, false otherwise, or null if inputs are not strings
- */
-export function startsWithString(strVal: Value, prefixVal: Value): Value {
-  if (!strVal.isString() || !prefixVal.isString()) return Value.Null();
-  const str = strVal.asString();
-  const prefix = prefixVal.asString();
-
-  // AssemblyScript's startsWith returns a bool
-  const result = str.startsWith(prefix);
-  return Value.Bool(result);
-}
-
-/**
- * Check if a string ends with a given suffix.
- *
- * Returns true if the string ends with the specified suffix, false otherwise.
- *
- * Parameters:
- * - str: The string to check
- * - suffix: The suffix to look for
- *
- * Behavior:
- * - If either input is not a string, returns null
- * - If the suffix is an empty string, returns true
- * - Case-sensitive comparison
- *
- * Examples:
- * - endsWith("hello", "lo") → true
- * - endsWith("hello", "he") → false
- * - endsWith("hello", "hello") → true
- * - endsWith("hello", "hello world") → false (suffix longer than string)
- * - endsWith("", "") → true (empty strings)
- * - endsWith("hello", "") → true (empty suffix)
- * - endsWith("", "lo") → false (suffix longer than empty string)
- * - endsWith("Hello", "LO") → false (case-sensitive)
- * - endsWith(123, "1") → null (not a string)
- * - endsWith(null, "lo") → null (not a string)
- *
- * @param strVal - The string value to check
- * @param suffixVal - The suffix value to look for
- * @returns true if the string ends with the suffix, false otherwise, or null if inputs are not strings
- */
-export function endsWithString(strVal: Value, suffixVal: Value): Value {
-  if (!strVal.isString() || !suffixVal.isString()) return Value.Null();
-  const str = strVal.asString();
-  const suffix = suffixVal.asString();
-
-  // AssemblyScript's endsWith returns a bool
-  const result = str.endsWith(suffix);
-  return Value.Bool(result);
-}
-
-/**
- * Split a string into an array based on a delimiter.
- *
- * Returns an array of substrings by dividing the input string at each
- * occurrence of the specified delimiter.
- *
- * Parameters:
- * - str: The string to split
- * - delimiter: The delimiter to split on
- *
- * Behavior:
- * - If the input string is not a string, returns null
- * - If the delimiter is not a string, returns null
- * - If the delimiter is an empty string, returns an array of individual characters
- * - If the string and delimiter are both empty, returns an array with one empty string
- * - If the delimiter is not found, returns an array with the original string
- *
- * Examples:
- * - split("a,b,c", ",") → ["a", "b", "c"]
- * - split("hello", "") → ["h", "e", "l", "l", "o"]
- * - split("a-b-c", "-") → ["a", "b", "c"]
- * - split("word", "x") → ["word"]
- * - split("", ",") → [""]
- * - split("", "") → [""] (special case: empty string splits into array with one empty string)
- * - split("a,,b", ",") → ["a", "", "b"] (preserves empty segments)
- * - split(null, ",") → null
- * - split("hello", null) → null
- * - split("hello", 123) → null
- *
- * @param strVal - The string value to split
- * @param delimiterVal - The delimiter value to split on
- * @returns An array of strings, or null if inputs are invalid
- */
-export function splitString(strVal: Value, delimiterVal: Value): Value {
-  if (!strVal.isString() || !delimiterVal.isString()) return Value.Null();
-  const str = strVal.asString();
-  const delimiter = delimiterVal.asString();
-
-  const parts = str.split(delimiter);
-
-  // Convert string array to Value array
-  const result = new Array<Value>(parts.length);
-  for (let i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
-    unchecked((result[i] = Value.String(unchecked(parts[i]))));
-  }
-
-  return Value.Array(result);
-}
-
-/**
- * Join array elements into a string with a separator.
- *
- * Returns a string that concatenates all elements of the array,
- * separated by the specified delimiter.
- *
- * Parameters:
- * - arr: The array to join
- * - delimiter: The delimiter to insert between elements
- *
- * Behavior:
- * - If the input is not an array, returns null
- * - If the delimiter is not a string, returns null
- * - If the array is empty, returns an empty string
- * - Each array element is converted to its string representation
- * - The delimiter is placed between each adjacent element, not at the start or end
- *
- * Examples:
- * - join(["a", "b", "c"], "-") → "a-b-c"
- * - join(["hello", "world"], " ") → "hello world"
- * - join(["a"], ",") → "a"
- * - join([], ",") → ""
- * - join([1, 2, 3], "-") → "1-2-3" (numbers converted to strings)
- * - join([true, false], " ") → "true false" (booleans converted to strings)
- * - join(["a", null, "b"], "-") → "a-null-b" (null converted to "null")
- * - join(null, ",") → null
- * - join(["a"], null) → null
- * - join(["a"], 123) → null
- *
- * @param arrVal - The array value to join
- * @param delimiterVal - The delimiter to insert between elements
- * @returns The concatenated string, or null if inputs are invalid
- */
-export function joinArray(arrVal: Value, delimiterVal: Value): Value {
-  if (!arrVal.isArray() || !delimiterVal.isString()) return Value.Null();
-  const arr = arrVal.asArray();
-  const delimiter = delimiterVal.asString();
-
-  // Handle empty array
-  if (arr.length == 0) {
-    return Value.String('');
-  }
-
-  // Build the result string
-  let result: string = '';
-  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
-    // Append delimiter if not first element
-    if (i > 0) {
-      result += delimiter;
-    }
-    // Convert value to string and append
-    result += valueToString(unchecked(arr[i]));
-  }
-
-  return Value.String(result);
-}
-
-/**
- * Convert a string value to a number.
- *
- * Parses a string containing a numeric value and returns it as a float.
- * Supports decimal numbers and negative numbers.
- *
- * Parameters:
- * - val: The value to convert to a number (must be a string)
- *
- * Behavior:
- * - If input is not a string, returns null
- * - If string cannot be parsed as a number, returns NaN
- * - Returns f64 (float) for all numeric values
- *
- * Examples:
- * - number("123") → 123.0
- * - number("3.14") → 3.14
- * - number("-42") → -42.0
- * - number("0.5") → 0.5
- * - number("not a number") → NaN
- * - number(null) → null
- * - number(123) → null (not a string)
- *
- * @param val - The value to convert to a number
- * @returns The numeric value as a float, or null if input is not a string
- */
-export function numberValue(val: Value): Value {
-  if (val.isString()) {
-    const str = val.asString();
-    // Parse the string using the same logic as parseIntValue
-    let result: i64 = 0;
-    let negative = false;
-    let i = 0;
-
-    // Handle leading whitespace
-    while (i < str.length && str.charCodeAt(i) == 32) {
-      i++;
-    }
-
-    // Handle negative sign
-    if (i < str.length && str.charCodeAt(i) == 45) {
-      // '-'
-      negative = true;
-      i++;
-    }
-
-    // Parse digits
-    let hasDigits = false;
-    while (i < str.length) {
-      const c = str.charCodeAt(i);
-      if (c >= 48 && c <= 57) {
-        // '0'-'9'
-        result = result * 10 + (c - 48);
-        hasDigits = true;
-        i++;
-      } else {
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (!hasDigits) return Value.Null();
-
-    const finalResult = negative ? -result : result;
-    return Value.Float(<f64>finalResult);
-  } else if (val.isNumber()) {
-    return val;
-  } else if (val.isBool()) {
-    return val.asBool() ? Value.Float(1.0) : Value.Float(0.0);
-  }
-  return Value.Null();
-}
-
-/**
- * Convert any value to a string.
- *
- * Converts the input value to its string representation.
- *
- * Parameters:
- * - val: Any value to convert to string
- *
- * Behavior:
- * - Boolean: "true" or "false"
- * - Number: numeric string representation
- * - String: returned as-is
- * - Null: null (returns null, not the string "null")
- * - Array/Object: "[object]"
- *
- * Examples:
- * - string(42) → "42"
- * - string(3.14) → "3.14"
- * - string(true) → "true"
- * - string(false) → "false"
- * - string("hello") → "hello"
- * - string(null) → null
- *
- * @param val - The value to convert to a string
- * @returns The string representation, or null if input is null
- */
-export function stringValue(val: Value): Value {
-  if (val.isNull()) {
-    return Value.Null();
-  }
-  if (val.isBool()) {
-    return Value.String(val.asBool() ? 'true' : 'false');
-  }
-  if (val.isNumber()) {
-    // Converting to string matches JavaScript String() coercion for consistency with JS engines.
-    // Integers print without decimals (3 not 3.0), floats use AS toString() formatting.
-    if (val.type == TYPE_INT) {
-      return Value.String(val.intVal.toString());
-    }
-    const f = val.asFloat();
-    // Check if it's a whole number by testing if remainder is 0
-    if (f % 1.0 == 0.0) {
-      return Value.String(i64(<i64>f).toString());
-    }
-    return Value.String(f.toString());
-  }
-  if (val.isString()) {
-    return val;
-  }
-  // Arrays and objects fall back to a placeholder
-  return Value.String('[object]');
-}
-
-/**
- * Replace the first occurrence of a substring with another string.
- *
- * Returns a new string where the first occurrence of the search string
- * is replaced by the replacement string.
- *
- * Parameters:
- * - str: The string to modify
- * - search: The substring to search for
- * - replacement: The string to replace with
- *
- * Behavior:
- * - If the source string is not a string, returns null
- * - If the search value is not a string, returns null
- * - If the replacement value is not a string, returns null
- * - If the search string is empty, the replacement is inserted at the beginning
- * - If the search string is not found, returns the original string unchanged
- * - Only the first occurrence is replaced
- *
- * Examples:
- * - replace("hello", "l", "L") → "heLlo"
- * - replace("hello", "lo", "LO") → "heLLO"
- * - replace("hello", "x", "X") → "hello" (not found, unchanged)
- * - replace("hello hello", "l", "L") → "heLlo hello" (only first occurrence)
- * - replace("hello", "", "X") → "Xhello" (empty search, insert at start)
- * - replace("", "x", "X") → "" (empty source, no match)
- * - replace(null, "l", "L") → null (not a string)
- * - replace("hello", null, "L") → null (not a string)
- * - replace("hello", "l", null) → null (not a string)
- *
- * @param strVal - The string value to modify
- * @param searchVal - The substring value to search for
- * @param replacementVal - The replacement string value
- * @returns The modified string with first occurrence replaced, or null if inputs are invalid
- */
-export function replaceString(strVal: Value, searchVal: Value, replacementVal: Value): Value {
-  if (!strVal.isString() || !searchVal.isString() || !replacementVal.isString())
-    return Value.Null();
-  const str = strVal.asString();
-  const search = searchVal.asString();
-  const replacement = replacementVal.asString();
-
-  // AssemblyScript's replace() replaces all occurrences by default
-  // We need to replace only the first occurrence, so we use indexOf and string concatenation
-  const index = str.indexOf(search);
-
-  // Search string not found - return original string
-  if (index < 0) {
-    return Value.String(str);
-  }
-
-  // Build result: prefix + replacement + suffix
-  const prefix = str.substring(0, index);
-  const suffix = str.substring(index + search.length);
-  return Value.String(prefix + replacement + suffix);
-}
-
-/**
- * Replace all occurrences of a substring with another string.
- *
- * Returns a new string where all occurrences of the search string
- * are replaced by the replacement string.
- *
- * Parameters:
- * - str: The string to modify
- * - search: The substring to search for
- * - replacement: The string to replace with
- *
- * Behavior:
- * - If the source string is not a string, returns null
- * - If the search value is not a string, returns null
- * - If the replacement value is not a string, returns null
- * - If the search string is empty, the replacement is inserted between each character
- * - If the search string is not found, returns the original string unchanged
- * - All occurrences are replaced
- *
- * Examples:
- * - replaceAll("hello", "l", "L") → "heLLo"
- * - replaceAll("hello hello", "l", "L") → "heLLo heLLo"
- * - replaceAll("hello", "lo", "LO") → "heLLO"
- * - replaceAll("hello", "x", "X") → "hello" (not found, unchanged)
- * - replaceAll("hello", "", "X") → "XhXeXlXlXoX" (empty search, insert between chars)
- * - replaceAll("", "x", "X") → "" (empty source, no match)
- * - replaceAll(null, "l", "L") → null (not a string)
- * - replaceAll("hello", null, "L") → null (not a string)
- * - replaceAll("hello", "l", null) → null (not a string)
- *
- * @param strVal - The string value to modify
- * @param searchVal - The substring value to search for
- * @param replacementVal - The replacement string value
- * @returns The modified string with all occurrences replaced, or null if inputs are invalid
- */
-export function replaceAllString(strVal: Value, searchVal: Value, replacementVal: Value): Value {
-  if (!strVal.isString() || !searchVal.isString() || !replacementVal.isString())
-    return Value.Null();
-  let str = strVal.asString();
-  const search = searchVal.asString();
-  const replacement = replacementVal.asString();
-
-  // Handle empty search string - insert replacement between each character
-  if (search.length == 0) {
-    let result = replacement;
-    for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
-      result += str.charAt(i) + replacement;
-    }
-    return Value.String(result);
-  }
-
-  // Use split and join for O(n) complexity instead of quadratic substring approach
-  const parts = str.split(search);
-  return Value.String(parts.join(replacement));
-}
-
-// === Value Type Conversion ===
-
-/**
- * Convert a Value to its string representation.
- *
- * This follows JavaScript's String() conversion rules:
- * - Number: converted using JS toString()
- * - Boolean: "true" or "false"
- * - String: returned as-is
- * - Null: "null"
- *
- * @param val - The value to convert
- * @returns The string representation
- */
-function valueToString(val: Value): string {
-  if (val.isNull()) {
-    return 'null';
-  }
-  if (val.isBool()) {
-    return val.asBool() ? 'true' : 'false';
-  }
-  if (val.isNumber()) {
-    // Converting to string matches JavaScript String() coercion for consistency with JS engines.
-    // Integers print without decimals (3 not 3.0), floats use AS toString() formatting.
-    if (val.type == TYPE_INT) {
-      return val.intVal.toString();
-    }
-    const f = val.asFloat();
-    // Check if it's a whole number by testing if remainder is 0
-    if (f % 1.0 == 0.0) {
-      return i64(<i64>f).toString();
-    }
-    return f.toString();
-  }
-  if (val.isString()) {
-    return val.asString();
-  }
-  // Arrays and objects fall back to a placeholder
-  return '[object]';
-}
-
-// === Comparison Helpers ===
-
-export function valuesEqual(a: Value, b: Value): bool {
-  if (a.type != b.type) {
-    // Allow int/float comparison
-    if (a.isNumber() && b.isNumber()) {
-      return a.asFloat() == b.asFloat();
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (a.isBool()) return a.boolVal == b.boolVal;
-  if (a.type == TYPE_INT) return a.intVal == b.intVal;
-  if (a.type == TYPE_FLOAT) return a.floatVal == b.floatVal;
-  if (a.isString()) return a.asString() == b.asString();
-  if (a.isNull()) return true; // null == null
-  return false; // Arrays/objects: reference equality not supported
-}
-
-/**
- * Compare two values for ordering.
- *
- * Returns:
- * - Negative number if a < b
- * - Zero if a == b
- * - Positive number if a > b
- *
- * Comparison rules:
- * - Strings: Lexicographic comparison using UTF-16 code units (case-sensitive)
- * - Numbers: Numeric comparison (int and float are comparable)
- * - Booleans: false < true
- * - Null: Treated as less than all other values
- * - Mixed types: Comparisons between incompatible types return 0 (not recommended)
- *
- * Examples:
- * - compareValues(String("apple"), String("banana")) → negative
- * - compareValues(String("zebra"), String("apple")) → positive
- * - compareValues(String("abc"), String("abc")) → 0
- * - compareValues(Float(3.14), Float(2.71)) → positive
- * - compareValues(Bool(false), Bool(true)) → negative
- *
- * @param a - The left operand to compare
- * @param b - The right operand to compare
- * @returns Comparison result (-1, 0, or 1)
- */
-export function compareValues(a: Value, b: Value): i32 {
-  // Handle null - null is less than all other values
-  if (a.isNull()) return b.isNull() ? 0 : -1;
-  if (b.isNull()) return 1;
-
-  // Allow int/float comparison for numbers
-  if (a.isNumber() && b.isNumber()) {
-    const aNum = a.asFloat();
-    const bNum = b.asFloat();
-    if (aNum < bNum) return -1;
-    if (aNum > bNum) return 1;
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  // String comparison - lexicographic, case-sensitive
-  if (a.isString() && b.isString()) {
-    const aStr = a.asString();
-    const bStr = b.asString();
-    if (aStr < bStr) return -1;
-    if (aStr > bStr) return 1;
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  // Boolean comparison
-  if (a.isBool() && b.isBool()) {
-    const aBool = a.asBool();
-    const bBool = b.asBool();
-    if (!aBool && bBool) return -1;
-    if (aBool && !bBool) return 1;
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  // Mixed types or unsupported types - treat as equal (but probably shouldn't happen)
-  return 0;
-}
-
-// === Arithmetic Operators ===
-
-/**
- * Add two values, supporting both numeric addition and string concatenation.
- *
- * Type coercion rules:
- * - If either operand is a string, both are converted to strings and concatenated
- * - Otherwise, both operands are treated as numbers and added together
- *
- * Examples:
- * - "hello" + " " + "world" → "hello world"
- * - "count: " + 5 → "count: 5"
- * - 1 + 2 → 3
- * - true + false → 1 (true=1, false=0, numeric addition)
- * - null + 5 → 5 (null=0, numeric addition)
- * - "prefix" + null → "prefixnull" (string concatenation)
- *
- * @param a - The left operand
- * @param b - The right operand
- * @returns The sum or concatenation result
- */
-export function addValues(a: Value, b: Value): Value {
-  // String concatenation takes priority over numeric addition
-  // If either operand is a string, concatenate both as strings
-  if (a.isString() || b.isString()) {
-    const leftStr = a.isString() ? a.asString() : valueToString(a);
-    const rightStr = b.isString() ? b.asString() : valueToString(b);
-    return Value.String(leftStr + rightStr);
-  }
-
-  // Numeric addition
-  const aNum = a.isNumber() ? a.asFloat() : a.isBool() ? (a.asBool() ? 1.0 : 0.0) : 0.0;
-  const bNum = b.isNumber() ? b.asFloat() : b.isBool() ? (b.asBool() ? 1.0 : 0.0) : 0.0;
-  return Value.Float(aNum + bNum);
-}
-
-export function subtractValues(a: Value, b: Value): Value {
-  if (!a.isNumber() || !b.isNumber()) return Value.Null();
-  const aVal = a.asFloat();
-  const bVal = b.asFloat();
-  return Value.Float(aVal - bVal);
-}
-
-export function multiplyValues(a: Value, b: Value): Value {
-  if (!a.isNumber() || !b.isNumber()) return Value.Null();
-  const aVal = a.asFloat();
-  const bVal = b.asFloat();
-  return Value.Float(aVal * bVal);
-}
-
-export function divideValues(a: Value, b: Value): Value {
-  if (!a.isNumber() || !b.isNumber()) return Value.Null();
-  const aVal = a.asFloat();
-  const bVal = b.asFloat();
-  if (bVal == 0) return Value.Null(); // Division by zero
-  return Value.Float(aVal / bVal);
-}
-
-export function moduloValues(a: Value, b: Value): Value {
-  if (!a.isNumber() || !b.isNumber()) return Value.Null();
-  const aVal = a.asFloat();
-  const bVal = b.asFloat();
-  if (bVal == 0) return Value.Null(); // Division by zero
-  // Use fmod for floating point modulo
-  const result = aVal - Math.trunc(aVal / bVal) * bVal;
-  return Value.Float(result);
-}
-
-export function powerValues(a: Value, b: Value): Value {
-  if (!a.isNumber() || !b.isNumber()) return Value.Null();
-  const aVal = a.asFloat();
-  const bVal = b.asFloat();
-  const result = Math.pow(aVal, bVal);
-  return Value.Float(result);
-}
-
-export function negateValue(a: Value): Value {
-  if (!a.isNumber()) return Value.Null();
-  const n = a.asFloat();
-  return Value.Float(-n);
-}
-
-/**
- * Get a property from an object Value.
- *
- * @param obj - The Value to get the property from (should be an object)
- * @param property - The property name to get
- * @returns The Value of the property, or Null if not found or obj is null/not an object
- */
-export function getProperty(obj: Value, property: string): Value {
-  if (obj.isNull()) return Value.Null();
-  if (!obj.isObject()) return Value.Null();
-
-  const map = obj.asObject();
-  if (map.has(property)) {
-    return map.get(property);
-  }
-  return Value.Null();
-}
-
-/**
- * Get an element from an array at the specified index.
- *
- * @param arr - The Value to get the element from (should be an array)
- * @param idx - The index to get (must be a number Value)
- * @returns The Value at the index, or Null if out of bounds or arr is null/not an array
- */
-export function getIndex(arr: Value, idx: Value): Value {
-  if (arr.isNull()) return Value.Null();
-  if (idx.isNull()) return Value.Null();
-
-  // Handle object access with string keys (e.g., baseCosts["FastTrack"])
-  if (arr.isObject()) {
-    if (idx.isString()) {
-      const obj = arr.asObject();
-      const key = idx.asString();
-      if (obj.has(key)) {
-        return obj.get(key);
-      }
-      return Value.Null();
-    }
-    // If idx is a number, convert to string for object key lookup
-    // This handles cases like obj[0] where obj is {"0": value}
-    const keyStr = idx.asString();
-    const obj = arr.asObject();
-    if (obj.has(keyStr)) {
-      return obj.get(keyStr);
-    }
-    return Value.Null();
-  }
-
-  if (!arr.isArray()) return Value.Null();
-
-  const array = arr.asArray();
-  const index = idx.asFloat();
-
-  // Handle negative indices (from end of array)
-  let actualIndex = <i32>index;
-  if (actualIndex < 0) {
-    actualIndex = <i32>(array.length + actualIndex);
-  }
-
-  // Check bounds
-  if (actualIndex < 0 || actualIndex >= array.length) {
-    return Value.Null();
-  }
-
-  return array[actualIndex];
-}
-
-/**
- * Create an interval object for range checking.
- *
- * @param start - Start value of the interval
- * @param end - End value of the interval
- * @param startInclusive - Whether the start is inclusive (true) or exclusive (false)
- * @param endInclusive - Whether the end is inclusive (true) or exclusive (false)
- * @returns An object representing the interval
- */
-export function createInterval(
-  start: Value,
-  end: Value,
-  startInclusive: bool,
-  endInclusive: bool,
-): Value {
-  const intervalMap = new Map<string, Value>();
-  intervalMap.set('__isInterval', Value.Bool(true));
-  intervalMap.set('start', start);
-  intervalMap.set('end', end);
-  intervalMap.set('startInclusive', Value.Bool(startInclusive));
-  intervalMap.set('endInclusive', Value.Bool(endInclusive));
-  return Value.Object(intervalMap);
-}
-
-/**
- * Check if a value is within an interval.
- *
- * @param needle - The value to check
- * @param interval - The interval object created by createInterval
- * @returns true if the value is within the interval, false otherwise
- */
-function valueInInterval(needle: Value, interval: Value): bool {
-  if (!interval.isObject()) return false;
-
-  const intervalObj = interval.asObject();
-
-  // Check if this is actually an interval object
-  if (!intervalObj.has('__isInterval')) return false;
-
-  const start = intervalObj.get('start');
-  const end = intervalObj.get('end');
-  const startInclusive = intervalObj.get('startInclusive').asBool();
-  const endInclusive = intervalObj.get('endInclusive').asBool();
-
-  const cmpStart = compareValues(needle, start);
-  const cmpEnd = compareValues(needle, end);
-
-  // Check start boundary
-  let passesStart: bool;
-  if (startInclusive) {
-    passesStart = cmpStart >= 0;
-  } else {
-    passesStart = cmpStart > 0;
-  }
-
-  // Check end boundary
-  let passesEnd: bool;
-  if (endInclusive) {
-    passesEnd = cmpEnd <= 0;
-  } else {
-    passesEnd = cmpEnd < 0;
-  }
-
-  return passesStart && passesEnd;
-}
-
-/**
- * Check if a value is in an array, a substring is in a string, or a value is in an interval.
- * For arrays: checks if the exact value exists in the array
- * For strings: checks if the needle string is a substring of the haystack
- * For intervals: checks if the value is within the range
- *
- * @param needle - The Value or string to search for
- * @param haystack - The Value to search in (should be an array, string, or interval)
- * @returns true if found, false otherwise
- */
-export function valueIn(needle: Value, haystack: Value): Value {
-  if (needle.isNull() || haystack.isNull()) return Value.Bool(false);
-
-  // Check if haystack is an interval
-  if (haystack.isObject()) {
-    const obj = haystack.asObject();
-    if (obj.has('__isInterval')) {
-      return Value.Bool(valueInInterval(needle, haystack));
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Check if haystack is an array
-  if (haystack.isArray()) {
-    const array = haystack.asArray();
-    for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
-      if (valuesEqual(needle, unchecked(array[i]))) {
-        return Value.Bool(true);
-      }
-    }
-    return Value.Bool(false);
-  }
-
-  // Check if haystack is a string
-  if (haystack.isString() && needle.isString()) {
-    const hayStr = haystack.asString();
-    const needStr = needle.asString();
-    if (hayStr.indexOf(needStr) >= 0) {
-      return Value.Bool(true);
-    }
-    return Value.Bool(false);
-  }
-
-  return Value.Bool(false);
-}