@difizen/libro-lsp 0.1.2

package/src/virtual/document.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1250 @@
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-use-before-define */
+// Copyright (c) Jupyter Development Team.
+// Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
+
+import type {
+  IRange,
+  IPosition as CodeEditorPosition,
+} from '@difizen/libro-code-editor';
+import { Emitter } from '@difizen/mana-app';
+import type { Disposable, Event } from '@difizen/mana-app';
+
+import { DocumentConnectionManager } from '../connection-manager.js';
+import type { IForeignCodeExtractor } from '../extractors/types.js';
+import type { LanguageIdentifier } from '../lsp.js';
+import type {
+  Position,
+  IEditorPosition,
+  IRootPosition,
+  ISourcePosition,
+  IVirtualPosition,
+} from '../positioning.js';
+import type { Document, ILSPCodeExtractorsManager } from '../tokens.js';
+import { DefaultMap, untilReady } from '../utils.js';
+import type { IDocumentInfo } from '../ws-connection/types.js';
+
+type language = string;
+
+interface IVirtualLine {
+  /**
+   * Inspections for which document should be skipped for this virtual line?
+   */
+  skipInspect: VirtualDocument.idPath[];
+
+  /**
+   * Where does the virtual line belongs to in the source document?
+   */
+  sourceLine: number | null;
+
+  /**
+   * The editor holding this virtual line
+   */
+  editor: Document.IEditor;
+}
+
+export type ForeignDocumentsMap = Map<IRange, Document.IVirtualDocumentBlock>;
+
+interface ISourceLine {
+  /**
+   * Line corresponding to the block in the entire foreign document
+   */
+  virtualLine: number;
+
+  /**
+   * The CM editor associated with this virtual line.
+   */
+  editor: Document.IEditor;
+
+  /**
+   * Line in the CM editor corresponding to the virtual line.
+   */
+  editorLine: number;
+
+  /**
+   * Shift of the virtual line
+   */
+  editorShift: CodeEditorPosition;
+
+  /**
+   * Everything which is not in the range of foreign documents belongs to the host.
+   */
+  foreignDocumentsMap: ForeignDocumentsMap;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if given position is within range.
+ * Both start and end are inclusive.
+ * @param position
+ * @param range
+ */
+export function isWithinRange(position: CodeEditorPosition, range: IRange): boolean {
+  if (range.start.line === range.end.line) {
+    return (
+      position.line === range.start.line &&
+      position.column >= range.start.column &&
+      position.column <= range.end.column
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    (position.line === range.start.line &&
+      position.column >= range.start.column &&
+      position.line < range.end.line) ||
+    (position.line > range.start.line &&
+      position.column <= range.end.column &&
+      position.line === range.end.line) ||
+    (position.line > range.start.line && position.line < range.end.line)
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * A virtual implementation of IDocumentInfo
+ */
+export class VirtualDocumentInfo implements IDocumentInfo {
+  /**
+   * Creates an instance of VirtualDocumentInfo.
+   * @param document - the virtual document need to
+   * be wrapped.
+   */
+  constructor(document: VirtualDocument) {
+    this._document = document;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Current version of the virtual document.
+   */
+  version = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * Get the text content of the virtual document.
+   */
+  get text(): string {
+    return this._document.value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the uri of the virtual document, if the document is not available,
+   * it returns an empty string, users need to check for the length of returned
+   * value before using it.
+   */
+  get uri(): string {
+    const uris = DocumentConnectionManager.solveUris(this._document, this.languageId);
+    if (!uris) {
+      return '';
+    }
+    return uris.document;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the language identifier of the document.
+   */
+  get languageId(): string {
+    return this._document.language;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The wrapped virtual document.
+   */
+  protected _document: VirtualDocument;
+}
+
+export interface IVirtualDocumentOptions {
+  /**
+   * The language identifier of the document.
+   */
+  language: LanguageIdentifier;
+
+  /**
+   * The foreign code extractor manager token.
+   */
+  foreignCodeExtractors: ILSPCodeExtractorsManager;
+
+  /**
+   * Path to the document.
+   */
+  path: string;
+
+  /**
+   * File extension of the document.
+   */
+  fileExtension: string | undefined;
+
+  /**
+   * Notebooks or any other aggregates of documents are not supported
+   * by the LSP specification, and we need to make appropriate
+   * adjustments for them, pretending they are simple files
+   * so that the LSP servers do not refuse to cooperate.
+   */
+  hasLspSupportedFile: boolean;
+
+  /**
+   * Being standalone is relevant to foreign documents
+   * and defines whether following chunks of code in the same
+   * language should be appended to this document (false, not standalone)
+   * or should be considered separate documents (true, standalone)
+   *
+   */
+  standalone?: boolean;
+
+  /**
+   * Parent of the current virtual document.
+   */
+  parent?: VirtualDocument;
+}
+
+/**
+ *
+ * A notebook can hold one or more virtual documents; there is always one,
+ * "root" document, corresponding to the language of the kernel. All other
+ * virtual documents are extracted out of the notebook, based on magics,
+ * or other syntax constructs, depending on the kernel language.
+ *
+ * Virtual documents represent the underlying code in a single language,
+ * which has been parsed excluding interactive kernel commands (magics)
+ * which could be misunderstood by the specific LSP server.
+ *
+ * VirtualDocument has no awareness of the notebook or editor it lives in,
+ * however it is able to transform its content back to the notebook space,
+ * as it keeps editor coordinates for each virtual line.
+ *
+ * The notebook/editor aware transformations are preferred to be placed in
+ * VirtualEditor descendants rather than here.
+ *
+ * No dependency on editor implementation (such as CodeMirrorEditor)
+ * is allowed for VirtualEditor.
+ */
+export class VirtualDocument implements Disposable {
+  constructor(options: IVirtualDocumentOptions) {
+    this.options = options;
+    this.path = this.options.path;
+    this.fileExtension = options.fileExtension;
+    this.hasLspSupportedFile = options.hasLspSupportedFile;
+    this.parent = options.parent;
+    this.language = options.language;
+
+    this.virtualLines = new Map();
+    this.sourceLines = new Map();
+    this.foreignDocuments = new Map();
+    this._editorToSourceLine = new Map();
+    this._foreignCodeExtractors = options.foreignCodeExtractors;
+    this.standalone = options.standalone || false;
+    this.instanceId = VirtualDocument.instancesCount;
+    VirtualDocument.instancesCount += 1;
+    this.unusedStandaloneDocuments = new DefaultMap(() => new Array<VirtualDocument>());
+    this._remainingLifetime = 6;
+
+    this.unusedDocuments = new Set();
+    this.documentInfo = new VirtualDocumentInfo(this);
+    this.updateManager = new UpdateManager(this);
+    this.updateManager.updateBegan(this._updateBeganSlot, this);
+    this.updateManager.blockAdded(this._blockAddedSlot, this);
+    this.updateManager.updateFinished(this._updateFinishedSlot, this);
+    this.clear();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert from code editor position into code mirror position.
+   */
+  static ceToCm(position: CodeEditorPosition): Position {
+    return { line: position.line, ch: position.column };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Number of blank lines appended to the virtual document between
+   * each cell.
+   */
+  blankLinesBetweenCells = 2;
+
+  /**
+   * Line number of the last line in the real document.
+   */
+  lastSourceLine: number;
+
+  /**
+   * Line number of the last line in the virtual document.
+   */
+  lastVirtualLine: number;
+
+  /**
+   * the remote document uri, version and other server-related info
+   */
+  documentInfo: IDocumentInfo;
+
+  /**
+   * Parent of the current virtual document.
+   */
+  parent?: VirtualDocument | null;
+
+  /**
+   * The language identifier of the document.
+   */
+  readonly language: string;
+
+  /**
+   * Being standalone is relevant to foreign documents
+   * and defines whether following chunks of code in the same
+   * language should be appended to this document (false, not standalone)
+   * or should be considered separate documents (true, standalone)
+   */
+  readonly standalone: boolean;
+
+  /**
+   * Path to the document.
+   */
+  readonly path: string;
+
+  /**
+   * File extension of the document.
+   */
+  readonly fileExtension: string | undefined;
+
+  /**
+   * Notebooks or any other aggregates of documents are not supported
+   * by the LSP specification, and we need to make appropriate
+   * adjustments for them, pretending they are simple files
+   * so that the LSP servers do not refuse to cooperate.
+   */
+  readonly hasLspSupportedFile: boolean;
+
+  /**
+   * Map holding the children `VirtualDocument` .
+   */
+  readonly foreignDocuments: Map<VirtualDocument.virtualId, VirtualDocument>;
+
+  /**
+   * The update manager object.
+   */
+  readonly updateManager: UpdateManager;
+
+  /**
+   * Unique id of the virtual document.
+   */
+  readonly instanceId: number;
+
+  /**
+   * Test whether the document is disposed.
+   */
+  get isDisposed(): boolean {
+    return this._isDisposed;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Signal emitted when the foreign document is closed
+   */
+  get foreignDocumentClosed(): Event<Document.IForeignContext> {
+    return this._foreignDocumentClosed.event;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Signal emitted when the foreign document is opened
+   */
+  get foreignDocumentOpened(): Event<Document.IForeignContext> {
+    return this._foreignDocumentOpened.event;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Signal emitted when the foreign document is changed
+   */
+  get changed(): Event<VirtualDocument> {
+    return this._changed.event;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Id of the virtual document.
+   */
+  get virtualId(): VirtualDocument.virtualId {
+    // for easier debugging, the language information is included in the ID:
+    return this.standalone
+      ? this.instanceId + '(' + this.language + ')'
+      : this.language;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the ancestry to this document.
+   */
+  get ancestry(): VirtualDocument[] {
+    if (!this.parent) {
+      return [this];
+    }
+    return this.parent.ancestry.concat([this]);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the id path to the virtual document.
+   */
+  get idPath(): VirtualDocument.idPath {
+    if (!this.parent) {
+      return this.virtualId;
+    }
+    return this.parent.idPath + '-' + this.virtualId;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the uri of the virtual document.
+   */
+  get uri(): VirtualDocument.uri {
+    const encodedPath = encodeURI(this.path);
+    if (!this.parent) {
+      return encodedPath;
+    }
+    return encodedPath + '.' + this.idPath + '.' + this.fileExtension;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the text value of the document
+   */
+  get value(): string {
+    const linesPadding = '\n'.repeat(this.blankLinesBetweenCells);
+    return this.lineBlocks.join(linesPadding);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the last line in the virtual document
+   */
+  get lastLine(): string {
+    const linesInLastBlock = this.lineBlocks[this.lineBlocks.length - 1].split('\n');
+    return linesInLastBlock[linesInLastBlock.length - 1];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the root document of current virtual document.
+   */
+  get root(): VirtualDocument {
+    return this.parent ? this.parent.root : this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Dispose the virtual document.
+   */
+  dispose(): void {
+    if (this._isDisposed) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this._isDisposed = true;
+
+    this.parent = null;
+
+    this.closeAllForeignDocuments();
+
+    this.updateManager.dispose();
+    // clear all the maps
+
+    this.foreignDocuments.clear();
+    this.sourceLines.clear();
+    this.unusedDocuments.clear();
+    this.unusedStandaloneDocuments.clear();
+    this.virtualLines.clear();
+
+    // just to be sure - if anything is accessed after disposal (it should not) we
+    // will get altered by errors in the console AND this will limit memory leaks
+
+    this.documentInfo = null as any;
+    this.lineBlocks = null as any;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clear the virtual document and all related stuffs
+   */
+  clear(): void {
+    for (const document of this.foreignDocuments.values()) {
+      document.clear();
+    }
+
+    // TODO - deep clear (assure that there is no memory leak)
+    this.unusedStandaloneDocuments.clear();
+
+    this.unusedDocuments = new Set();
+    this.virtualLines.clear();
+    this.sourceLines.clear();
+    this.lastVirtualLine = 0;
+    this.lastSourceLine = 0;
+    this.lineBlocks = [];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the virtual document from the cursor position of the source
+   * document
+   * @param position - position in source document
+   */
+  documentAtSourcePosition(position: ISourcePosition): VirtualDocument {
+    const sourceLine = this.sourceLines.get(position.line);
+
+    if (!sourceLine) {
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    const sourcePositionCe: CodeEditorPosition = {
+      line: sourceLine.editorLine,
+      column: position.ch,
+    };
+
+    for (const [
+      range,
+      { virtualDocument: document },
+    ] of sourceLine.foreignDocumentsMap) {
+      if (isWithinRange(sourcePositionCe, range)) {
+        const sourcePositionCm = {
+          line: sourcePositionCe.line - range.start.line,
+          ch: sourcePositionCe.column - range.start.column,
+        };
+
+        return document.documentAtSourcePosition(sourcePositionCm as ISourcePosition);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Detect if the input source position is belong to the current
+   * virtual document.
+   *
+   * @param sourcePosition - position in the source document
+   */
+  isWithinForeign(sourcePosition: ISourcePosition): boolean {
+    const sourceLine = this.sourceLines.get(sourcePosition.line)!;
+
+    const sourcePositionCe: CodeEditorPosition = {
+      line: sourceLine.editorLine,
+      column: sourcePosition.ch,
+    };
+    for (const [range] of sourceLine.foreignDocumentsMap) {
+      if (isWithinRange(sourcePositionCe, range)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the position in root document from the position of
+   * a child editor.
+   *
+   * @param editor - the active editor.
+   * @param position - position in the active editor.
+   */
+  transformFromEditorToRoot(
+    editor: Document.IEditor,
+    position: IEditorPosition,
+  ): IRootPosition | null {
+    if (!this._editorToSourceLine.has(editor)) {
+      console.warn('Editor not found in _editorToSourceLine map');
+      return null;
+    }
+    const shift = this._editorToSourceLine.get(editor)!;
+    return {
+      ...(position as Position),
+      line: position.line + shift,
+    } as IRootPosition;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the position in virtual document from the position of
+   * a child editor.
+   *
+   * @param editor - the active editor.
+   * @param position - position in the active editor.
+   */
+  transformEditorToVirtual(
+    editor: Document.IEditor,
+    position: IEditorPosition,
+  ): IVirtualPosition | null {
+    const rootPosition = this.transformFromEditorToRoot(editor, position);
+    if (!rootPosition) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return this.virtualPositionAtDocument(rootPosition);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the position in the virtual document from the position
+   * in the source document.
+   *
+   * @param sourcePosition - position in source document
+   */
+  virtualPositionAtDocument(sourcePosition: ISourcePosition): IVirtualPosition {
+    const sourceLine = this.sourceLines.get(sourcePosition.line);
+    if (!sourceLine) {
+      throw new Error('Source line not mapped to virtual position');
+    }
+    const virtualLine = sourceLine.virtualLine;
+
+    // position inside the cell (block)
+    const sourcePositionCe: CodeEditorPosition = {
+      line: sourceLine.editorLine,
+      column: sourcePosition.ch,
+    };
+
+    for (const [range, content] of sourceLine.foreignDocumentsMap) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-shadow
+      const { virtualLine, virtualDocument: document } = content;
+      if (isWithinRange(sourcePositionCe, range)) {
+        // position inside the foreign document block
+        const sourcePositionCm = {
+          line: sourcePositionCe.line - range.start.line,
+          ch: sourcePositionCe.column - range.start.column,
+        };
+        if (document.isWithinForeign(sourcePositionCm as ISourcePosition)) {
+          return this.virtualPositionAtDocument(sourcePositionCm as ISourcePosition);
+        } else {
+          // where in this block in the entire foreign document?
+          sourcePositionCm.line += virtualLine;
+          return sourcePositionCm as IVirtualPosition;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      ch: sourcePosition.ch,
+      line: virtualLine,
+    } as IVirtualPosition;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append a code block to the end of the virtual document.
+   *
+   * @param  block - block to be appended
+   * @param  editorShift - position shift in source
+   * document
+   * @param  [virtualShift] - position shift in
+   * virtual document.
+   */
+  appendCodeBlock(
+    block: Document.ICodeBlockOptions,
+    editorShift: CodeEditorPosition = { line: 0, column: 0 },
+    virtualShift?: CodeEditorPosition,
+  ): void {
+    const cellCode = block.value;
+    const ceEditor = block.ceEditor;
+
+    if (this.isDisposed) {
+      console.warn('Cannot append code block: document disposed');
+      return;
+    }
+    const sourceCellLines = cellCode.split('\n');
+    const { lines, foreignDocumentsMap } = this.prepareCodeBlock(block, editorShift);
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+      this.virtualLines.set(this.lastVirtualLine + i, {
+        skipInspect: [],
+        editor: ceEditor,
+        // TODO this is incorrect, wont work if something was extracted
+        sourceLine: this.lastSourceLine + i,
+      });
+    }
+    for (let i = 0; i < sourceCellLines.length; i++) {
+      this.sourceLines.set(this.lastSourceLine + i, {
+        editorLine: i,
+        editorShift: {
+          line: editorShift.line - (virtualShift?.line || 0),
+          column: i === 0 ? editorShift.column - (virtualShift?.column || 0) : 0,
+        },
+        // TODO: move those to a new abstraction layer (DocumentBlock class)
+        editor: ceEditor,
+        foreignDocumentsMap,
+        // TODO this is incorrect, wont work if something was extracted
+        virtualLine: this.lastVirtualLine + i,
+      });
+    }
+
+    this.lastVirtualLine += lines.length;
+
+    // one empty line is necessary to separate code blocks, next 'n' lines are to silence linters;
+    // the final cell does not get the additional lines (thanks to the use of join, see below)
+
+    this.lineBlocks.push(lines.join('\n') + '\n');
+
+    // adding the virtual lines for the blank lines
+    for (let i = 0; i < this.blankLinesBetweenCells; i++) {
+      this.virtualLines.set(this.lastVirtualLine + i, {
+        skipInspect: [this.idPath],
+        editor: ceEditor,
+        sourceLine: null,
+      });
+    }
+
+    this.lastVirtualLine += this.blankLinesBetweenCells;
+    this.lastSourceLine += sourceCellLines.length;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Extract a code block into list of string in supported language and
+   * a map of foreign document if any.
+   * @param  block - block to be appended
+   * @param  editorShift - position shift in source document
+   */
+  prepareCodeBlock(
+    block: Document.ICodeBlockOptions,
+    editorShift: CodeEditorPosition = { line: 0, column: 0 },
+  ): {
+    lines: string[];
+    foreignDocumentsMap: Map<IRange, Document.IVirtualDocumentBlock>;
+  } {
+    const { cellCodeKept, foreignDocumentsMap } = this.extractForeignCode(
+      block,
+      editorShift,
+    );
+    const lines = cellCodeKept.split('\n');
+    return { lines, foreignDocumentsMap };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Extract the foreign code from input block by using the registered
+   * extractors.
+   * @param  block - block to be appended
+   * @param  editorShift - position shift in source document
+   */
+  extractForeignCode(
+    block: Document.ICodeBlockOptions,
+    editorShift: CodeEditorPosition,
+  ): {
+    cellCodeKept: string;
+    foreignDocumentsMap: Map<IRange, Document.IVirtualDocumentBlock>;
+  } {
+    const foreignDocumentsMap = new Map<IRange, Document.IVirtualDocumentBlock>();
+
+    let cellCode = block.value;
+    const extractorsForAnyLang = this._foreignCodeExtractors.getExtractors(
+      block.type,
+      null,
+    );
+    const extractorsForCurrentLang = this._foreignCodeExtractors.getExtractors(
+      block.type,
+      this.language,
+    );
+
+    for (const extractor of [...extractorsForAnyLang, ...extractorsForCurrentLang]) {
+      if (!extractor.hasForeignCode(cellCode, block.type)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const results = extractor.extractForeignCode(cellCode);
+
+      let keptCellCode = '';
+
+      for (const result of results) {
+        if (result.foreignCode !== null) {
+          // result.range should only be null if result.foregin_code is null
+          if (result.range === null) {
+            console.warn(
+              'Failure in foreign code extraction: `range` is null but `foreign_code` is not!',
+            );
+            continue;
+          }
+          const foreignDocument = this.chooseForeignDocument(extractor);
+          foreignDocumentsMap.set(result.range, {
+            virtualLine: foreignDocument.lastVirtualLine,
+            virtualDocument: foreignDocument,
+            editor: block.ceEditor,
+          });
+          const foreignShift = {
+            line: editorShift.line + result.range.start.line,
+            column: editorShift.column + result.range.start.column,
+          };
+          foreignDocument.appendCodeBlock(
+            {
+              value: result.foreignCode,
+              ceEditor: block.ceEditor,
+              type: 'code',
+            },
+            foreignShift,
+            result.virtualShift!,
+          );
+        }
+        if (result.hostCode !== null) {
+          keptCellCode += result.hostCode;
+        }
+      }
+      // not breaking - many extractors are allowed to process the code, one after each other
+      // (think JS and CSS in HTML, or %R inside of %%timeit).
+
+      cellCode = keptCellCode;
+    }
+
+    return { cellCodeKept: cellCode, foreignDocumentsMap };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Close a foreign document and disconnect all associated signals
+   */
+  closeForeign(document: VirtualDocument): void {
+    this._foreignDocumentClosed.fire({
+      foreignDocument: document,
+      parentHost: this,
+    });
+    // remove it from foreign documents list
+    this.foreignDocuments.delete(document.virtualId);
+    // and delete the documents within it
+    document.closeAllForeignDocuments();
+
+    // document.foreignDocumentClosed.disconnect(this.forwardClosedSignal, this);
+    // document.foreignDocumentOpened.disconnect(this.forwardOpenedSignal, this);
+    document.dispose();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Close all foreign documents.
+   */
+  closeAllForeignDocuments(): void {
+    for (const document of this.foreignDocuments.values()) {
+      this.closeForeign(document);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Close all expired documents.
+   */
+  closeExpiredDocuments(): void {
+    for (const document of this.unusedDocuments.values()) {
+      document.remainingLifetime -= 1;
+      if (document.remainingLifetime <= 0) {
+        document.dispose();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Transform the position of the source to the editor
+   * position.
+   *
+   * @param  pos - position in the source document
+   * @return position in the editor.
+   */
+  transformSourceToEditor(pos: ISourcePosition): IEditorPosition {
+    const sourceLine = this.sourceLines.get(pos.line)!;
+    const editorLine = sourceLine.editorLine;
+    const editorShift = sourceLine.editorShift;
+    return {
+      // only shift column in the line beginning the virtual document (first list of the editor in cell magics, but might be any line of editor in line magics!)
+      ch: pos.ch + (editorLine === 0 ? editorShift.column : 0),
+      line: editorLine + editorShift.line,
+      // TODO or:
+      //  line: pos.line + editor_shift.line - this.first_line_of_the_block(editor)
+    } as IEditorPosition;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Transform the position in the virtual document to the
+   * editor position.
+   * Can be null because some lines are added as padding/anchors
+   * to the virtual document and those do not exist in the source document
+   * and thus they are absent in the editor.
+   */
+  transformVirtualToEditor(virtualPosition: IVirtualPosition): IEditorPosition | null {
+    const sourcePosition = this.transformVirtualToSource(virtualPosition);
+    if (!sourcePosition) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return this.transformSourceToEditor(sourcePosition);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Transform the position in the virtual document to the source.
+   * Can be null because some lines are added as padding/anchors
+   * to the virtual document and those do not exist in the source document.
+   */
+  transformVirtualToSource(position: IVirtualPosition): ISourcePosition | null {
+    const line = this.virtualLines.get(position.line)!.sourceLine;
+    if (line === null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return {
+      ch: position.ch,
+      line: line,
+    } as ISourcePosition;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the corresponding editor of the virtual line.
+   */
+  getEditorAtVirtualLine(pos: IVirtualPosition): Document.IEditor {
+    let line = pos.line;
+    // tolerate overshot by one (the hanging blank line at the end)
+    if (!this.virtualLines.has(line)) {
+      line -= 1;
+    }
+    return this.virtualLines.get(line)!.editor;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the corresponding editor of the source line
+   */
+  getEditorAtSourceLine(pos: ISourcePosition): Document.IEditor {
+    return this.sourceLines.get(pos.line)!.editor;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Recursively emits changed signal from the document or any descendant foreign document.
+   */
+  maybeEmitChanged(): void {
+    if (this.value !== this.previousValue) {
+      this._changed.fire(this);
+    }
+    this.previousValue = this.value;
+    for (const document of this.foreignDocuments.values()) {
+      document.maybeEmitChanged();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * When this counter goes down to 0, the document will be destroyed and the associated connection will be closed;
+   * This is meant to reduce the number of open connections when a a foreign code snippet was removed from the document.
+   *
+   * Note: top level virtual documents are currently immortal (unless killed by other means); it might be worth
+   * implementing culling of unused documents, but if and only if JupyterLab will also implement culling of
+   * idle kernels - otherwise the user experience could be a bit inconsistent, and we would need to invent our own rules.
+   */
+  protected get remainingLifetime(): number {
+    if (!this.parent) {
+      return Infinity;
+    }
+    return this._remainingLifetime;
+  }
+
+  protected set remainingLifetime(value: number) {
+    if (this.parent) {
+      this._remainingLifetime = value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Virtual lines keep all the lines present in the document AND extracted to the foreign document.
+   */
+  protected virtualLines: Map<number, IVirtualLine>;
+  protected sourceLines: Map<number, ISourceLine>;
+  protected lineBlocks: string[];
+
+  protected unusedDocuments: Set<VirtualDocument>;
+  protected unusedStandaloneDocuments: DefaultMap<language, VirtualDocument[]>;
+
+  protected _isDisposed = false;
+  protected _remainingLifetime: number;
+  protected _editorToSourceLine: Map<Document.IEditor, number>;
+  protected _editorToSourceLineNew: Map<Document.IEditor, number>;
+  protected _foreignCodeExtractors: ILSPCodeExtractorsManager;
+  protected previousValue: string;
+  protected static instancesCount = 0;
+  protected readonly options: IVirtualDocumentOptions;
+
+  /**
+   * Get the foreign document that can be opened with the input extractor.
+   */
+  protected chooseForeignDocument(extractor: IForeignCodeExtractor): VirtualDocument {
+    let foreignDocument: VirtualDocument;
+    // if not standalone, try to append to existing document
+    const foreignExists = this.foreignDocuments.has(extractor.language);
+    if (!extractor.standalone && foreignExists) {
+      foreignDocument = this.foreignDocuments.get(extractor.language)!;
+    } else {
+      // if (previous document does not exists) or (extractor produces standalone documents
+      // and no old standalone document could be reused): create a new document
+      foreignDocument = this.openForeign(
+        extractor.language,
+        extractor.standalone,
+        extractor.fileExtension,
+      );
+    }
+    return foreignDocument;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a foreign document from input language and file extension.
+   *
+   * @param  language - the required language
+   * @param  standalone - the document type is supported natively by LSP?
+   * @param  fileExtension - File extension.
+   */
+  protected openForeign(
+    language: language,
+    standalone: boolean,
+    fileExtension: string,
+  ): VirtualDocument {
+    const document = new VirtualDocument({
+      ...this.options,
+      parent: this,
+      standalone: standalone,
+      fileExtension: fileExtension,
+      language: language,
+    });
+    const context: Document.IForeignContext = {
+      foreignDocument: document,
+      parentHost: this,
+    };
+    this._foreignDocumentOpened.fire(context);
+    // pass through any future signals
+    document.foreignDocumentClosed(() => this.forwardClosedSignal(context));
+    document.foreignDocumentOpened(() => this.forwardOpenedSignal(context));
+
+    this.foreignDocuments.set(document.virtualId, document);
+
+    return document;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Forward the closed signal from the foreign document to the host document's
+   * signal
+   */
+  protected forwardClosedSignal(context: Document.IForeignContext) {
+    this._foreignDocumentClosed.fire(context);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Forward the opened signal from the foreign document to the host document's
+   * signal
+   */
+  protected forwardOpenedSignal(context: Document.IForeignContext) {
+    this._foreignDocumentOpened.fire(context);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Slot of the `updateBegan` signal.
+   */
+  protected _updateBeganSlot(): void {
+    this._editorToSourceLineNew = new Map();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Slot of the `blockAdded` signal.
+   */
+  protected _blockAddedSlot(blockData: IBlockAddedInfo): void {
+    this._editorToSourceLineNew.set(
+      blockData.block.ceEditor,
+      blockData.virtualDocument.lastSourceLine,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Slot of the `updateFinished` signal.
+   */
+  protected _updateFinishedSlot(): void {
+    this._editorToSourceLine = this._editorToSourceLineNew;
+  }
+
+  protected _foreignDocumentClosed = new Emitter<Document.IForeignContext>();
+  protected _foreignDocumentOpened = new Emitter<Document.IForeignContext>();
+  protected _changed = new Emitter<VirtualDocument>();
+}
+
+export namespace VirtualDocument {
+  /**
+   * Identifier composed of `virtual_id`s of a nested structure of documents,
+   * used to aide assignment of the connection to the virtual document
+   * handling specific, nested language usage; it will be appended to the file name
+   * when creating a connection.
+   */
+  export type idPath = string;
+  /**
+   * Instance identifier for standalone documents (snippets), or language identifier
+   * for documents which should be interpreted as one when stretched across cells.
+   */
+  export type virtualId = string;
+  /**
+   * Identifier composed of the file path and id_path.
+   */
+  export type uri = string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create foreign documents if available from input virtual documents.
+ * @param virtualDocument - the virtual document to be collected
+ * @return - Set of generated foreign documents
+ */
+export function collectDocuments(
+  virtualDocument: VirtualDocument,
+): Set<VirtualDocument> {
+  const collected = new Set<VirtualDocument>();
+  collected.add(virtualDocument);
+  for (const foreign of virtualDocument.foreignDocuments.values()) {
+    const foreignLanguages = collectDocuments(foreign);
+    foreignLanguages.forEach(collected.add, collected);
+  }
+  return collected;
+}
+
+export interface IBlockAddedInfo {
+  /**
+   * The virtual document.
+   */
+  virtualDocument: VirtualDocument;
+
+  /**
+   * Option of the code block.
+   */
+  block: Document.ICodeBlockOptions;
+}
+
+export class UpdateManager implements Disposable {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/parameter-properties, @typescript-eslint/no-parameter-properties
+  constructor(protected virtualDocument: VirtualDocument) {
+    this._blockAdded = new Emitter<IBlockAddedInfo>();
+    this._documentUpdated = new Emitter<VirtualDocument>();
+    this._updateBegan = new Emitter<Document.ICodeBlockOptions[]>();
+    this._updateFinished = new Emitter<Document.ICodeBlockOptions[]>();
+    this.documentUpdated(this._onUpdated);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Promise resolved when the updating process finishes.
+   */
+  get updateDone(): Promise<void> {
+    return this._updateDone;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Test whether the document is disposed.
+   */
+  get isDisposed(): boolean {
+    return this._isDisposed;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Signal emitted when a code block is added to the document.
+   */
+  get blockAdded(): Event<IBlockAddedInfo> {
+    return this._blockAdded.event;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Signal emitted by the editor that triggered the update,
+   * providing the root document of the updated documents.
+   */
+  get documentUpdated(): Event<VirtualDocument> {
+    return this._documentUpdated.event;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Signal emitted when the update is started
+   */
+  get updateBegan(): Event<Document.ICodeBlockOptions[]> {
+    return this._updateBegan.event;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Signal emitted when the update is finished
+   */
+  get updateFinished(): Event<Document.ICodeBlockOptions[]> {
+    return this._updateFinished.event;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Dispose the class
+   */
+  dispose(): void {
+    if (this._isDisposed) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this._isDisposed = true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute provided callback within an update-locked context, which guarantees that:
+   *  - the previous updates must have finished before the callback call, and
+   *  - no update will happen when executing the callback
+   * @param fn - the callback to execute in update lock
+   */
+  async withUpdateLock(fn: () => void): Promise<void> {
+    await untilReady(() => this._canUpdate(), 12, 10).then(() => {
+      try {
+        this._updateLock = true;
+        fn();
+      } catch (ex) {
+        console.error(ex);
+      } finally {
+        this._updateLock = false;
+      }
+      return;
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update all the virtual documents, emit documents updated with root document if succeeded,
+   * and resolve a void promise. The promise does not contain the text value of the root document,
+   * as to avoid an easy trap of ignoring the changes in the virtual documents.
+   */
+  async updateDocuments(blocks: Document.ICodeBlockOptions[]): Promise<void> {
+    const update = new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
+      // defer the update by up to 50 ms (10 retrials * 5 ms break),
+      // awaiting for the previous update to complete.
+      untilReady(() => this._canUpdate(), 10, 5)
+        .then(() => {
+          if (this.isDisposed || !this.virtualDocument) {
+            resolve();
+          }
+          try {
+            this._isUpdateInProgress = true;
+            this._updateBegan.fire(blocks);
+
+            this.virtualDocument.clear();
+
+            for (const codeBlock of blocks) {
+              this._blockAdded.fire({
+                block: codeBlock,
+                virtualDocument: this.virtualDocument,
+              });
+              this.virtualDocument.appendCodeBlock(codeBlock);
+            }
+
+            this._updateFinished.fire(blocks);
+
+            if (this.virtualDocument) {
+              this._documentUpdated.fire(this.virtualDocument);
+              this.virtualDocument.maybeEmitChanged();
+            }
+
+            resolve();
+          } catch (e) {
+            console.warn('Documents update failed:', e);
+            reject(e);
+          } finally {
+            this._isUpdateInProgress = false;
+          }
+          return;
+        })
+        .catch(console.error);
+    });
+    this._updateDone = update;
+    return update;
+  }
+
+  protected _isDisposed = false;
+
+  /**
+   * Promise resolved when the updating process finishes.
+   */
+  protected _updateDone: Promise<void> = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+    resolve();
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Virtual documents update guard.
+   */
+  protected _isUpdateInProgress = false;
+
+  /**
+   * Update lock to prevent multiple updates are applied at the same time.
+   */
+  protected _updateLock = false;
+
+  protected _blockAdded: Emitter<IBlockAddedInfo>;
+  protected _documentUpdated: Emitter<VirtualDocument>;
+  protected _updateBegan: Emitter<Document.ICodeBlockOptions[]>;
+  protected _updateFinished: Emitter<Document.ICodeBlockOptions[]>;
+
+  /**
+   * Once all the foreign documents were refreshed, the unused documents (and their connections)
+   * should be terminated if their lifetime has expired.
+   */
+  protected _onUpdated(rootDocument: VirtualDocument) {
+    try {
+      rootDocument.closeExpiredDocuments();
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.warn('Failed to close expired documents');
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if the document can be updated.
+   */
+  protected _canUpdate() {
+    return !this.isDisposed && !this._isUpdateInProgress && !this._updateLock;
+  }
+}