@did-btcr2/method 0.42.0 → 0.44.0

package/dist/esm/did-btcr2.js

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { Identifier } from './core/identifier.js';
 import { Resolver } from './core/resolver.js';
 import { Updater } from './core/updater.js';
 import { Appendix } from './utils/appendix.js';
+import { MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX, MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE } from './utils/did-document.js';
 /**
  * Implements {@link https://dcdpr.github.io/did-btcr2 | did:btcr2 DID Method Specification}.
  * did:btcr2 is a censorship-resistant Decentralized Identifier (DID) method using
@@ -122,12 +123,12 @@ export class DidBtcr2 {
             throw new UpdateError('Invalid verificationMethod: not found in source document', INVALID_DID_DOCUMENT, { sourceDocument, verificationMethodId });
         }
         // Validate the verificationMethod is of type 'Multikey'
-        if (verificationMethod.type !== 'Multikey') {
-            throw new UpdateError('Invalid verificationMethod: verificationMethod.type must be "Multikey"', INVALID_DID_DOCUMENT, verificationMethod);
+        if (verificationMethod.type !== MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE) {
+            throw new UpdateError(`Invalid verificationMethod: verificationMethod.type must be "${MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE}"`, INVALID_DID_DOCUMENT, verificationMethod);
         }
         // Validate the publicKeyMultibase prefix is 'zQ3s'
-        if (verificationMethod.publicKeyMultibase?.slice(0, 4) !== 'zQ3s') {
-            throw new UpdateError('Invalid verificationMethodId: publicKeyMultibase prefix must start with "zQ3s"', INVALID_DID_DOCUMENT, verificationMethod);
+        if (!verificationMethod.publicKeyMultibase?.startsWith(MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX)) {
+            throw new UpdateError(`Invalid verificationMethodId: publicKeyMultibase prefix must start with "${MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX}"`, INVALID_DID_DOCUMENT, verificationMethod);
         }
         // Find the beacon service matching the given beaconId
         const beaconService = sourceDocument.service

package/dist/esm/did-btcr2.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"did-btcr2.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/did-btcr2.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAIA,OAAO,EACL,aAAa,EACb,oBAAoB,EACpB,kBAAkB,EAClB,oBAAoB,EACpB,WAAW,EACX,WAAW,EACZ,MAAM,mBAAmB,CAAC;AAG3B,OAAO,EACL,GAAG,EACH,QAAQ,EACR,YAAY,EACb,MAAM,YAAY,CAAC;AAEpB,OAAO,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,MAAM,sBAAsB,CAAC;AAElD,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,oBAAoB,CAAC;AAC9C,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,mBAAmB,CAAC;AAC5C,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,qBAAqB,CAAC;AAC/C,OAAO,EACL,oCAAoC,EACpC,iCAAiC,EAClC,MAAM,yBAAyB,CAAC;AAYjC;;;;;;;;;;;;GAYG;AACH,MAAM,OAAO,QAAQ;IACnB;;OAEG;IACH,MAAM,CAAC,UAAU,GAAW,OAAO,CAAC;IAEpC;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;OAeG;IACH,MAAM,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,YAAsC,EAAE,OAA0B;QAC9E,8FAA8F;QAC9F,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,OAAO,GAAG,CAAC,EAAE,OAAO,GAAG,SAAS,EAAE,GAAG,OAAO,IAAI,EAAE,CAAC;QAEnE,IAAG,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,CAAC;YACX,MAAM,IAAI,WAAW,CACnB,wDAAwD,EACxD,oBAAoB,EAAE,OAAO,CAC9B,CAAC;QACJ,CAAC;QAED,qCAAqC;QACrC,OAAO,UAAU,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,YAAY,EAAE,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;IACvE,CAAC;IAED;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;OAoBG;IACH,MAAM,CAAC,OAAO,CACZ,GAAW,EACX,oBAAuC,EAAE;QAEzC,gCAAgC;QAChC,MAAM,aAAa,GAAG,UAAU,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;QAE7C,8BAA8B;QAC9B,MAAM,WAAW,GAAG,QAAQ,CAAC,WAAW,CAAC,iBAAiB,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC;QAEpE,0EAA0E;QAC1E,0EAA0E;QAC1E,gDAAgD;QAChD,MAAM,eAAe,GAAG,aAAa,CAAC,GAAG,KAAK,aAAa,CAAC,CAAC;YAC3D,CAAC,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,aAAa,CAAC,aAAa,CAAC;YACvC,CAAC,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC;QAET,oCAAoC;QACpC,OAAO,IAAI,QAAQ,CAAC,aAAa,EAAE,WAAW,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE;YAC/D,SAAS,EAAY,iBAAiB,CAAC,SAAS;YAChD,WAAW,EAAU,iBAAiB,CAAC,WAAW;YAClD,eAAe,EAAM,iBAAiB,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,eAAe;YAC/D,kBAAkB,EAAG,iBAAiB,CAAC,kBAAkB;SAC1D,CAAC,CAAC;IACL,CAAC;IAED;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;OAsBG;IACH,MAAM,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,EACZ,cAAc,EACd,OAAO,EACP,eAAe,EACf,oBAAoB,EACpB,QAAQ,GAOT;QACC,gFAAgF;QAChF,IAAG,CAAC,cAAc,CAAC,oBAAoB,EAAE,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,EAAE,KAAK,oBAAoB,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;YACjF,MAAM,IAAI,WAAW,CACnB,uEAAuE,EACvE,oBAAoB,EAAE,cAAc,CACrC,CAAC;QACJ,CAAC;QAED,gEAAgE;QAChE,MAAM,kBAAkB,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC,gBAAgB,CAAC,cAAc,EAAE,oBAAoB,CAAC,CAAC;QAEvF,+DAA+D;QAC/D,IAAG,CAAC,kBAAkB,EAAE,CAAC;YACvB,MAAM,IAAI,WAAW,CACnB,0DAA0D,EAC1D,oBAAoB,EAAE,EAAE,cAAc,EAAE,oBAAoB,EAAE,CAC/D,CAAC;QACJ,CAAC;QAED,wDAAwD;QACxD,IAAG,kBAAkB,CAAC,IAAI,KAAK,iCAAiC,EAAE,CAAC;YACjE,MAAM,IAAI,WAAW,CACnB,gEAAgE,iCAAiC,GAAG,EACpG,oBAAoB,EAAE,kBAAkB,CACzC,CAAC;QACJ,CAAC;QAED,mDAAmD;QACnD,IAAG,CAAC,kBAAkB,CAAC,kBAAkB,EAAE,UAAU,CAAC,oCAAoC,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;YAC5F,MAAM,IAAI,WAAW,CACnB,4EAA4E,oCAAoC,GAAG,EACnH,oBAAoB,EAAE,kBAAkB,CACzC,CAAC;QACJ,CAAC;QAED,sDAAsD;QACtD,MAAM,aAAa,GAAG,cAAc,CAAC,OAAO;aACzC,MAAM,CAAC,CAAC,OAAsB,EAAE,EAAE,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,EAAE,KAAK,QAAQ,CAAC;aAC3D,MAAM,CAAC,CAAC,OAAsB,EAA4B,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC;aACvE,KAAK,EAAE,CAAC;QAEX,IAAG,CAAC,aAAa,EAAE,CAAC;YAClB,MAAM,IAAI,WAAW,CACnB,+CAA+C,EAC/C,kBAAkB,EAAE,EAAE,cAAc,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,CACjD,CAAC;QACJ,CAAC;QAED,wDAAwD;QACxD,OAAO,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC;YACjB,cAAc;YACd,OAAO;YACP,eAAe;YACf,kBAAkB;YAClB,aAAa;SACd,CAAC,CAAC;IACL,CAAC;IAED;;;;;;;;;OASG;IACH,MAAM,CAAC,gBAAgB,CAAC,WAA6B,EAAG,QAAiB;QACvE,qEAAqE;QACrE,QAAQ,KAAK,aAAa,CAAC;QAE3B,sCAAsC;QACtC,MAAM,SAAS,GAAG,GAAG,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,WAAW,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;QAC5C,IAAI,SAAS,IAAI,SAAS,CAAC,MAAM,KAAK,IAAI,CAAC,UAAU,EAAE,CAAC;YACtD,MAAM,IAAI,WAAW,CAAC,yBAAyB,SAAS,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,EAAE,oBAAoB,EAAE,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,WAAW,CAAC,EAAE,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;QAC3H,CAAC;QAED,2FAA2F;QAC3F,kEAAkE;QAClE,MAAM,kBAAkB,GAAG,WAAW,CAAC,kBAAkB,EAAE,IAAI,CAC7D,CAAC,EAAyB,EAAE,EAAE,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,kBAAkB,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,kBAAkB,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC;eACvG,QAAQ,CAAC,kBAAkB,CAAC,WAAW,CAAC,eAAe,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,CACpE,CAAC;QAEF,qDAAqD;QACrD,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC,kBAAkB,IAAI,kBAAkB,CAAC,kBAAkB,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;YACnE,MAAM,IAAI,QAAQ,CAChB,YAAY,CAAC,aAAa,EAC1B,0FAA0F,CAC3F,CAAC;QACJ,CAAC;QACD,OAAO,kBAA2C,CAAC;IACrD,CAAC"}

package/dist/esm/utils/did-document.js

@@ -9,9 +9,42 @@ export const BTCR2_DID_DOCUMENT_CONTEXT = [
     'https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1.1',
     'https://btcr2.dev/context/v1',
 ];
+/** The `type` every did:btcr2 verification method must declare. */
+export const MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE = 'Multikey';
+/**
+ * The multibase prefix of a did:btcr2 verification method's `publicKeyMultibase`.
+ * `zQ3s` is the multibase-base58btc encoding of a Schnorr secp256k1 public key.
+ */
+export const MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX = 'zQ3s';
 export const ID_PLACEHOLDER_VALUE = 'did:btcr2:_';
 export const BECH32M_CHARS = '';
 export const DID_REGEX = /did:btcr2:(x1[qpzry9x8gf2tvdw0s3jn54khce6mua7l]*)/g;
+/**
+ * Determines whether a value is a valid did:btcr2 verification method.
+ *
+ * Beyond the structural id/type/controller shape, a btcr2 verification method is
+ * a {@link MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE | Multikey} whose public key is a
+ * Schnorr secp256k1 key, multibase-encoded with the
+ * {@link MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX | zQ3s} prefix. This is the single
+ * source of truth for that invariant: it is enforced both when a
+ * {@link DidVerificationMethod} is constructed and when a {@link DidDocument}'s
+ * `verificationMethod` array is validated, rather than only for the one method
+ * being signed with at update time.
+ *
+ * @param {unknown} vm The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `vm` is a Multikey verification method with a zQ3s key.
+ */
+export function isMultikeyVerificationMethod(vm) {
+    if (!Appendix.isDidVerificationMethod(vm)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    // `vm` is a structurally-valid verification method; check the btcr2 Multikey
+    // invariant on the raw fields (the public key is unconstrained by the guard).
+    const { type, publicKeyMultibase } = vm;
+    return type === MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE
+        && typeof publicKeyMultibase === 'string'
+        && publicKeyMultibase.startsWith(MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX);
+}
 /**
  * DID BTCR2 Verification Method extends the DidVerificationMethod class adding helper methods and properties
  * @class DidVerificationMethod
@@ -25,6 +58,15 @@ export class DidVerificationMethod {
     publicKeyMultibase;
     secretKeyMultibase;
     constructor({ id, type, controller, publicKeyMultibase, secretKeyMultibase }) {
+        // A btcr2 verification method must be a Multikey carrying a Schnorr secp256k1
+        // public key (zQ3s multibase prefix). Enforce it here so the invariant holds
+        // wherever a verification method is constructed, not only at update time.
+        if (type !== MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE) {
+            throw new DidDocumentError(`Invalid verification method: type must be "${MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE}"`, INVALID_DID_DOCUMENT, { id, type });
+        }
+        if (typeof publicKeyMultibase !== 'string' || !publicKeyMultibase.startsWith(MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX)) {
+            throw new DidDocumentError(`Invalid verification method: publicKeyMultibase must start with "${MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX}"`, INVALID_DID_DOCUMENT, { id, publicKeyMultibase });
+        }
         this.id = id;
         this.type = type;
         this.controller = controller;
@@ -214,13 +256,13 @@ export class DidDocument {
      * @returns {boolean} True if the context is valid.
      */
     static isValidContext(context) {
-        if (!context)
+        // "@context" must be a non-empty array of context entries.
+        if (!Array.isArray(context) || context.length === 0)
             return false;
-        if (!Array.isArray(context))
-            return false;
-        if (!context.every(ctx => typeof ctx === 'string' && BTCR2_DID_DOCUMENT_CONTEXT.includes(ctx)))
-            return false;
-        return true;
+        // The btcr2 base contexts must all be present. Additional proof-suite or
+        // extension contexts (string or inline object) are permitted per W3C DID
+        // Core 4.1 and are no longer rejected by a strict whitelist.
+        return BTCR2_DID_DOCUMENT_CONTEXT.every(required => context.includes(required));
     }
     /**
      * Validates that the DID Document has a valid id.
@@ -246,7 +288,7 @@ export class DidDocument {
      * @returns {boolean} True if the verification methods are valid.
      */
     static isValidVerificationMethods(verificationMethod) {
-        return Array.isArray(verificationMethod) && verificationMethod.every(Appendix.isDidVerificationMethod);
+        return Array.isArray(verificationMethod) && verificationMethod.every(isMultikeyVerificationMethod);
     }
     /**
      * Validates that the DID Document has valid services.

package/dist/esm/utils/did-document.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/types/core/beacon/cas-beacon.d.ts

@@ -23,6 +23,28 @@ export interface CASBroadcastOptions extends BroadcastOptions {
  * During resolution, the CAS Announcement is retrieved from the sidecar (or CAS)
  * and used to look up the individual signed update for the DID being resolved.
  *
+ * ## CAS announcement hash chain
+ *
+ * Resolution links an on-chain signal to a signed update through two hashes, with
+ * an encoding transition at each hop. The write path ({@link broadcastSignal})
+ * produces both hashes; the read path ({@link processSignals}) re-derives them:
+ *
+ * 1. **Signal hop.** The OP_RETURN payload is `canonicalHash(announcement)` in
+ *    **hex**: this is `signal.signalBytes` and the lookup key into `sidecar.casMap`.
+ *    Broadcast emits `hash(canonicalize(announcement))`; the resolver keys `casMap`
+ *    by `canonicalHash(announcement, { encoding: 'hex' })`. These are the same bytes,
+ *    so `signalBytes === canonicalHash(announcement, hex)`.
+ * 2. **Update hop.** Each `announcement[did]` is `canonicalHash(signedUpdate)` in
+ *    **base64urlnopad** (per spec). It is decoded back to **hex** to key
+ *    `sidecar.updateMap`, so `hex(decode(announcement[did])) === canonicalHash(signedUpdate, hex)`.
+ *
+ * Both links are enforced when sidecar data is supplied via `Resolver.provide()`
+ * (which validates the provided announcement and update against the need's hash),
+ * and structurally when sidecar maps are pre-loaded (they are keyed by
+ * `canonicalHash`, so a mismatched entry simply misses the lookup). The two
+ * encoding transitions (hex for on-chain and map keys, base64urlnopad for
+ * announcement values) are the subtle part: a regression test pins them.
+ *
  * @class CASBeacon
  * @type {CASBeacon}
  * @extends {SinglePartyBeacon}

package/dist/types/core/beacon/cas-beacon.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/types/core/beacon/signal-discovery.d.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,19 @@
 import type { BitcoinConnection } from '@did-btcr2/bitcoin';
 import type { BeaconService, BeaconSignal } from './interfaces.js';
+/**
+ * Parses a scriptPubKey asm string and returns the beacon signal hash if and only
+ * if the output is exactly `OP_RETURN OP_PUSHBYTES_32 <32-byte hex>`.
+ *
+ * Beacon signals encode a single 32-byte update or announcement hash in an
+ * OP_RETURN data push. Any other shape (a bare `OP_RETURN`, a push of the wrong
+ * size, or a non-hex payload) is not a valid signal and returns `null`, so a
+ * malformed or adversarial on-chain output cannot be mistaken for a real signal
+ * downstream.
+ *
+ * @param {string | undefined} asm The scriptPubKey asm string to parse.
+ * @returns {string | null} The lowercased 32-byte hex hash, or `null` if not a valid signal.
+ */
+export declare function extractOpReturnSignal(asm: string | undefined): string | null;
 /**
  * Static utility class for discovering Beacon Signals on the Bitcoin blockchain.
  * Extracted from `Resolver` for single-responsibility and independent testability.

package/dist/types/core/beacon/signal-discovery.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/types/did-btcr2.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/types/utils/did-document.d.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,13 @@ import type { HashBytes, JSONObject, KeyBytes } from '@did-btcr2/common';
 import type { DidDocument as W3CDidDocument, DidVerificationMethod as W3CDidVerificationMethod } from '@web5/dids';
 import type { BeaconService } from '../core/beacon/interfaces.js';
 export declare const BTCR2_DID_DOCUMENT_CONTEXT: string[];
+/** The `type` every did:btcr2 verification method must declare. */
+export declare const MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE = "Multikey";
+/**
+ * The multibase prefix of a did:btcr2 verification method's `publicKeyMultibase`.
+ * `zQ3s` is the multibase-base58btc encoding of a Schnorr secp256k1 public key.
+ */
+export declare const MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX = "zQ3s";
 export declare const ID_PLACEHOLDER_VALUE = "did:btcr2:_";
 export declare const BECH32M_CHARS = "";
 export declare const DID_REGEX: RegExp;
@@ -30,6 +37,22 @@ export interface Btcr2VerificationMethod extends W3CDidVerificationMethod {
     publicKeyMultibase: string;
     secretKeyMultibase?: string | undefined;
 }
+/**
+ * Determines whether a value is a valid did:btcr2 verification method.
+ *
+ * Beyond the structural id/type/controller shape, a btcr2 verification method is
+ * a {@link MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE | Multikey} whose public key is a
+ * Schnorr secp256k1 key, multibase-encoded with the
+ * {@link MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX | zQ3s} prefix. This is the single
+ * source of truth for that invariant: it is enforced both when a
+ * {@link DidVerificationMethod} is constructed and when a {@link DidDocument}'s
+ * `verificationMethod` array is validated, rather than only for the one method
+ * being signed with at update time.
+ *
+ * @param {unknown} vm The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `vm` is a Multikey verification method with a zQ3s key.
+ */
+export declare function isMultikeyVerificationMethod(vm: unknown): boolean;
 /**
  * DID BTCR2 Verification Method extends the DidVerificationMethod class adding helper methods and properties
  * @class DidVerificationMethod

package/dist/types/utils/did-document.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@did-btcr2/method",
-  "version": "0.42.0",
+  "version": "0.44.0",
   "type": "module",
   "description": "Reference implementation for the did:btcr2 DID method written in TypeScript and JavaScript. did:btcr2 is a censorship resistant DID Method using the Bitcoin blockchain as a Verifiable Data Registry to announce changes to the DID document. This is the core method implementation for the did-btcr2-js monorepo.",
   "main": "./dist/cjs/index.js",
@@ -80,11 +80,11 @@
     "helia": "^5.5.1",
     "multiformats": "^13.4.2",
     "nostr-tools": "^2.23.3",
-    "@did-btcr2/common": "^9.1.0",
-    "@did-btcr2/smt": "^0.3.0",
-    "@did-btcr2/cryptosuite": "^9.0.0",
     "@did-btcr2/keypair": "^0.13.1",
-    "@did-btcr2/bitcoin": "^0.8.0"
+    "@did-btcr2/bitcoin": "^0.8.0",
+    "@did-btcr2/cryptosuite": "^9.0.0",
+    "@did-btcr2/common": "^9.1.0",
+    "@did-btcr2/smt": "^0.3.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@eslint/js": "^9.39.4",

package/src/core/beacon/cas-beacon.ts

@@ -26,6 +26,28 @@ export interface CASBroadcastOptions extends BroadcastOptions {
  * During resolution, the CAS Announcement is retrieved from the sidecar (or CAS)
  * and used to look up the individual signed update for the DID being resolved.
  *
+ * ## CAS announcement hash chain
+ *
+ * Resolution links an on-chain signal to a signed update through two hashes, with
+ * an encoding transition at each hop. The write path ({@link broadcastSignal})
+ * produces both hashes; the read path ({@link processSignals}) re-derives them:
+ *
+ * 1. **Signal hop.** The OP_RETURN payload is `canonicalHash(announcement)` in
+ *    **hex**: this is `signal.signalBytes` and the lookup key into `sidecar.casMap`.
+ *    Broadcast emits `hash(canonicalize(announcement))`; the resolver keys `casMap`
+ *    by `canonicalHash(announcement, { encoding: 'hex' })`. These are the same bytes,
+ *    so `signalBytes === canonicalHash(announcement, hex)`.
+ * 2. **Update hop.** Each `announcement[did]` is `canonicalHash(signedUpdate)` in
+ *    **base64urlnopad** (per spec). It is decoded back to **hex** to key
+ *    `sidecar.updateMap`, so `hex(decode(announcement[did])) === canonicalHash(signedUpdate, hex)`.
+ *
+ * Both links are enforced when sidecar data is supplied via `Resolver.provide()`
+ * (which validates the provided announcement and update against the need's hash),
+ * and structurally when sidecar maps are pre-loaded (they are keyed by
+ * `canonicalHash`, so a mismatched entry simply misses the lookup). The two
+ * encoding transitions (hex for on-chain and map keys, base64urlnopad for
+ * announcement values) are the subtle part: a regression test pins them.
+ *
  * @class CASBeacon
  * @type {CASBeacon}
  * @extends {SinglePartyBeacon}

package/src/core/beacon/signal-discovery.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,40 @@ import { ResolveError } from '@did-btcr2/common';
 import type { BeaconService, BeaconSignal } from './interfaces.js';
 import { BeaconUtils } from './utils.js';
 
+/**
+ * Parses a scriptPubKey asm string and returns the beacon signal hash if and only
+ * if the output is exactly `OP_RETURN OP_PUSHBYTES_32 <32-byte hex>`.
+ *
+ * Beacon signals encode a single 32-byte update or announcement hash in an
+ * OP_RETURN data push. Any other shape (a bare `OP_RETURN`, a push of the wrong
+ * size, or a non-hex payload) is not a valid signal and returns `null`, so a
+ * malformed or adversarial on-chain output cannot be mistaken for a real signal
+ * downstream.
+ *
+ * @param {string | undefined} asm The scriptPubKey asm string to parse.
+ * @returns {string | null} The lowercased 32-byte hex hash, or `null` if not a valid signal.
+ */
+export function extractOpReturnSignal(asm: string | undefined): string | null {
+  if(!asm) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // A standard NULL_DATA beacon output is exactly three asm tokens: the OP_RETURN
+  // opcode, the 32-byte push opcode, and the 64-character hex payload.
+  const tokens = asm.trim().split(/\s+/);
+  if(tokens.length !== 3 || tokens[0] !== 'OP_RETURN' || tokens[1] !== 'OP_PUSHBYTES_32') {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // The payload must be exactly 32 bytes of hex (64 hex characters).
+  const signalHash = tokens[2];
+  if(!/^[0-9a-fA-F]{64}$/.test(signalHash)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  return signalHash.toLowerCase();
+}
+
 /**
  * Static utility class for discovering Beacon Signals on the Bitcoin blockchain.
  * Extracted from `Resolver` for single-responsibility and independent testability.
@@ -62,23 +96,14 @@ export class BeaconSignalDiscovery {
          *  value: 0
          * }
          */
-        if(!signalVout || !signalVout.scriptpubkey_asm.includes('OP_RETURN')) {
-          continue;
-        }
-
-        // Construct output map for easier access
-        const outputMap = new Map<string, string | number>(Object.entries(signalVout));
-
-        // Grab the signal vout scriptpubkey
-        const signalVoutScriptPubkey = outputMap.get('scriptpubkey_asm') as string;
-
-        // If the signal vout scriptpubkey does not exist, continue to next signal
-        if(!signalVoutScriptPubkey){
+        if(!signalVout) {
           continue;
         }
 
-        // Extract hex string hash of the signal bytes from the scriptpubkey
-        const updateHash = signalVoutScriptPubkey.split(' ').slice(-1)[0];
+        // A beacon signal output must be exactly `OP_RETURN OP_PUSHBYTES_32 <32-byte hash>`.
+        // Reject any other shape (bare OP_RETURN, wrong push size, non-hex payload) so a
+        // malformed on-chain output cannot masquerade as a phantom signal downstream.
+        const updateHash = extractOpReturnSignal(signalVout.scriptpubkey_asm);
         if(!updateHash) {
           continue;
         }
@@ -192,21 +217,18 @@ export class BeaconSignalDiscovery {
             continue;
           }
 
-          // Look for 'OP_RETURN' in the scriptPubKey asm
+          // A beacon signal output must be exactly `OP_RETURN OP_PUSHBYTES_32 <32-byte hash>`.
+          // Reject any other shape so a malformed on-chain output cannot masquerade as a
+          // phantom signal downstream.
           const txVoutScriptPubkeyAsm = prevout.vout[vin.vout].scriptPubKey.asm;
-          if(!txVoutScriptPubkeyAsm.includes('OP_RETURN')) {
+          const updateHash = extractOpReturnSignal(txVoutScriptPubkeyAsm);
+          if(!updateHash) {
             continue;
           }
 
           // Log the found txid and beacon
           console.info(`Tx ${tx.txid} contains beacon service address ${scriptPubKey.address} and OP_RETURN!`, tx);
 
-          // Extract hex string hash of the signal bytes from the scriptpubkey
-          const updateHash = txVoutScriptPubkeyAsm.split(' ').slice(-1)[0];
-          if(!updateHash) {
-            continue;
-          }
-
           // Push the beacon signal object to the beacon signals array for that beacon service
           beaconServiceSignals.get(beaconService)?.push({
             tx,

package/src/did-btcr2.ts

@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ import type { ResolutionOptions } from './core/interfaces.js';
 import { Resolver } from './core/resolver.js';
 import { Updater } from './core/updater.js';
 import { Appendix } from './utils/appendix.js';
+import {
+  MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX,
+  MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE
+} from './utils/did-document.js';
 import type { Btcr2DidDocument, DidVerificationMethod } from './utils/did-document.js';
 
 export interface DidCreateOptions {
@@ -187,17 +191,17 @@ export class DidBtcr2 implements DidMethod {
     }
 
     // Validate the verificationMethod is of type 'Multikey'
-    if(verificationMethod.type !== 'Multikey') {
+    if(verificationMethod.type !== MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE) {
       throw new UpdateError(
-        'Invalid verificationMethod: verificationMethod.type must be "Multikey"',
+        `Invalid verificationMethod: verificationMethod.type must be "${MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE}"`,
         INVALID_DID_DOCUMENT, verificationMethod
       );
     }
 
     // Validate the publicKeyMultibase prefix is 'zQ3s'
-    if(verificationMethod.publicKeyMultibase?.slice(0, 4) !== 'zQ3s') {
+    if(!verificationMethod.publicKeyMultibase?.startsWith(MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX)) {
       throw new UpdateError(
-        'Invalid verificationMethodId: publicKeyMultibase prefix must start with "zQ3s"',
+        `Invalid verificationMethodId: publicKeyMultibase prefix must start with "${MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX}"`,
         INVALID_DID_DOCUMENT, verificationMethod
       );
     }

package/src/utils/did-document.ts

@@ -24,6 +24,15 @@ export const BTCR2_DID_DOCUMENT_CONTEXT = [
   'https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1.1',
   'https://btcr2.dev/context/v1',
 ];
+
+/** The `type` every did:btcr2 verification method must declare. */
+export const MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE = 'Multikey';
+
+/**
+ * The multibase prefix of a did:btcr2 verification method's `publicKeyMultibase`.
+ * `zQ3s` is the multibase-base58btc encoding of a Schnorr secp256k1 public key.
+ */
+export const MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX = 'zQ3s';
 export const ID_PLACEHOLDER_VALUE = 'did:btcr2:_';
 export const BECH32M_CHARS = '';
 export const DID_REGEX = /did:btcr2:(x1[qpzry9x8gf2tvdw0s3jn54khce6mua7l]*)/g;
@@ -56,6 +65,33 @@ export interface Btcr2VerificationMethod extends W3CDidVerificationMethod {
   secretKeyMultibase?: string | undefined;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Determines whether a value is a valid did:btcr2 verification method.
+ *
+ * Beyond the structural id/type/controller shape, a btcr2 verification method is
+ * a {@link MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE | Multikey} whose public key is a
+ * Schnorr secp256k1 key, multibase-encoded with the
+ * {@link MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX | zQ3s} prefix. This is the single
+ * source of truth for that invariant: it is enforced both when a
+ * {@link DidVerificationMethod} is constructed and when a {@link DidDocument}'s
+ * `verificationMethod` array is validated, rather than only for the one method
+ * being signed with at update time.
+ *
+ * @param {unknown} vm The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `vm` is a Multikey verification method with a zQ3s key.
+ */
+export function isMultikeyVerificationMethod(vm: unknown): boolean {
+  if(!Appendix.isDidVerificationMethod(vm)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // `vm` is a structurally-valid verification method; check the btcr2 Multikey
+  // invariant on the raw fields (the public key is unconstrained by the guard).
+  const { type, publicKeyMultibase } = vm as { type: unknown; publicKeyMultibase: unknown };
+  return type === MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE
+    && typeof publicKeyMultibase === 'string'
+    && publicKeyMultibase.startsWith(MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX);
+}
+
 /**
  * DID BTCR2 Verification Method extends the DidVerificationMethod class adding helper methods and properties
  * @class DidVerificationMethod
@@ -70,6 +106,21 @@ export class DidVerificationMethod implements Btcr2VerificationMethod {
   secretKeyMultibase?: string | undefined;
 
   constructor({ id, type, controller, publicKeyMultibase, secretKeyMultibase }: Btcr2VerificationMethod) {
+    // A btcr2 verification method must be a Multikey carrying a Schnorr secp256k1
+    // public key (zQ3s multibase prefix). Enforce it here so the invariant holds
+    // wherever a verification method is constructed, not only at update time.
+    if(type !== MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE) {
+      throw new DidDocumentError(
+        `Invalid verification method: type must be "${MULTIKEY_VERIFICATION_METHOD_TYPE}"`,
+        INVALID_DID_DOCUMENT, { id, type }
+      );
+    }
+    if(typeof publicKeyMultibase !== 'string' || !publicKeyMultibase.startsWith(MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX)) {
+      throw new DidDocumentError(
+        `Invalid verification method: publicKeyMultibase must start with "${MULTIKEY_PUBLIC_KEY_MULTIBASE_PREFIX}"`,
+        INVALID_DID_DOCUMENT, { id, publicKeyMultibase }
+      );
+    }
     this.id = id;
     this.type = type;
     this.controller = controller;
@@ -305,10 +356,12 @@ export class DidDocument implements Btcr2DidDocument {
    * @returns {boolean} True if the context is valid.
    */
   private static isValidContext(context: unknown): boolean {
-    if(!context) return false;
-    if(!Array.isArray(context)) return false;
-    if(!context.every(ctx => typeof ctx === 'string' && BTCR2_DID_DOCUMENT_CONTEXT.includes(ctx))) return false;
-    return true;
+    // "@context" must be a non-empty array of context entries.
+    if(!Array.isArray(context) || context.length === 0) return false;
+    // The btcr2 base contexts must all be present. Additional proof-suite or
+    // extension contexts (string or inline object) are permitted per W3C DID
+    // Core 4.1 and are no longer rejected by a strict whitelist.
+    return BTCR2_DID_DOCUMENT_CONTEXT.every(required => context.includes(required));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -334,7 +387,7 @@ export class DidDocument implements Btcr2DidDocument {
    * @returns {boolean} True if the verification methods are valid.
    */
   private static isValidVerificationMethods(verificationMethod: unknown): boolean {
-    return Array.isArray(verificationMethod) && verificationMethod.every(Appendix.isDidVerificationMethod);
+    return Array.isArray(verificationMethod) && verificationMethod.every(isMultikeyVerificationMethod);
   }
 
   /**