@devilsdev/rag-pipeline-utils 2.2.1 → 2.3.0

package/src/dag/core/topology-validation.js

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+/**
+ * @fileoverview DAG Topology Validation Module
+ *
+ * Provides topology validation utilities for Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs),
+ * including cycle detection, topological sorting, and structural validation.
+ *
+ * @module dag/core/topology-validation
+ * @author Ali Kahwaji
+ * @since 2.2.2
+ * @version 1.0.0
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Builds forward and reverse adjacency maps for a DAG
+ *
+ * Creates two Maps:
+ * - Forward: Maps each node ID to a Set of its children (outgoing edges)
+ * - Reverse: Maps each node ID to a Set of its parents (incoming edges)
+ *
+ * @param {Map<string, DAGNode>} nodes - Map of node IDs to DAGNode instances
+ * @returns {{fwd: Map<string, Set<string>>, rev: Map<string, Set<string>>}}
+ *   Adjacency maps for forward and reverse traversal
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const nodes = new Map([
+ *   ['A', nodeA],
+ *   ['B', nodeB],
+ *   ['C', nodeC]
+ * ]);
+ * const { fwd, rev } = buildAdjacency(nodes);
+ * // fwd.get('A') => Set(['B', 'C']) - A points to B and C
+ * // rev.get('B') => Set(['A']) - B is pointed to by A
+ *
+ * @performance O(V + E) where V = number of nodes, E = number of edges
+ * @since 2.2.2
+ */
+function buildAdjacency(nodes) {
+  const fwd = new Map(); // node -> Set of children
+  const rev = new Map(); // node -> Set of parents
+
+  // Initialize adjacency lists for all nodes
+  for (const node of nodes.values()) {
+    fwd.set(node.id, new Set());
+    rev.set(node.id, new Set());
+  }
+
+  // Populate adjacency lists based on node connections
+  for (const node of nodes.values()) {
+    for (const output of node.outputs) {
+      fwd.get(node.id).add(output.id);
+      // Only add reverse edge if the output node exists in the DAG
+      if (rev.has(output.id)) {
+        rev.get(output.id).add(node.id);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { fwd, rev };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets sink node IDs (nodes with no outgoing edges)
+ *
+ * Sink nodes are terminal nodes in the DAG that have no children.
+ * They represent final outputs of the pipeline.
+ *
+ * @param {Map<string, Set<string>>} fwd - Forward adjacency map
+ * @returns {string[]} Array of sink node IDs
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const fwd = new Map([
+ *   ['A', new Set(['B'])],
+ *   ['B', new Set()],      // B is a sink
+ *   ['C', new Set()]       // C is a sink
+ * ]);
+ * const sinks = getSinkIds(fwd);
+ * console.log(sinks); // ['B', 'C']
+ *
+ * @performance O(V) where V = number of nodes
+ * @since 2.2.2
+ */
+function getSinkIds(fwd) {
+  const sinkIds = [];
+  for (const [nodeId, children] of fwd) {
+    if (children.size === 0) {
+      sinkIds.push(nodeId);
+    }
+  }
+  return sinkIds;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Performs topological sort with comprehensive cycle detection
+ *
+ * Uses depth-first search (DFS) with path tracking to detect cycles.
+ * If a cycle is detected, the error includes the complete cycle path.
+ *
+ * @param {Map<string, DAGNode>} nodes - Map of node IDs to DAGNode instances
+ * @returns {DAGNode[]} Topologically sorted array of nodes
+ *
+ * @throws {Error} If a cycle is detected. Error includes:
+ *   - message: Description with cycle path (e.g., "Cycle detected involving node: A -> B -> C -> A")
+ *   - cycle: Array of node IDs forming the cycle
+ * @throws {Error} If topological sort fails for other reasons
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Valid DAG
+ * const nodes = new Map([
+ *   ['A', nodeA], // A -> B
+ *   ['B', nodeB], // B -> C
+ *   ['C', nodeC]  // C (sink)
+ * ]);
+ * const sorted = topologicalSort(nodes);
+ * console.log(sorted.map(n => n.id)); // ['C', 'B', 'A'] (reverse dependency order)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Cyclic DAG (throws error)
+ * const nodes = new Map([
+ *   ['A', nodeA], // A -> B
+ *   ['B', nodeB], // B -> C
+ *   ['C', nodeC]  // C -> A (creates cycle)
+ * ]);
+ * try {
+ *   topologicalSort(nodes);
+ * } catch (error) {
+ *   console.log(error.message); // "Cycle detected involving node: A -> B -> C -> A"
+ *   console.log(error.cycle);   // ['A', 'B', 'C', 'A']
+ * }
+ *
+ * @algorithm
+ * 1. Initialize empty order array, visited set, and visiting set
+ * 2. For each unvisited node, perform DFS:
+ *    a. If node is currently being visited (in visiting set), cycle detected
+ *    b. Mark node as visiting
+ *    c. Recursively visit all input nodes (dependencies)
+ *    d. Mark node as visited, remove from visiting
+ *    e. Add node to order array
+ * 3. Return order array (nodes in reverse topological order)
+ *
+ * @performance O(V + E) where V = number of nodes, E = number of edges
+ * @complexity Cyclomatic complexity: 6 (within acceptable limits)
+ * @since 2.2.2
+ */
+function topologicalSort(nodes) {
+  const order = [];
+  const visited = new Set();
+  const visiting = new Set(); // Track nodes currently being visited
+
+  const visit = (node, path = []) => {
+    if (visiting.has(node.id)) {
+      const cycleStart = path.indexOf(node.id);
+      let cyclePath =
+        cycleStart >= 0 ? path.slice(cycleStart).concat([node.id]) : [node.id];
+      // Reverse interior to show forward traversal order (A->B->C->A)
+      if (cyclePath.length > 2) {
+        const startNode = cyclePath[0];
+        const restNodes = cyclePath.slice(1, -1).reverse();
+        cyclePath = [startNode, ...restNodes, startNode];
+      }
+      const cyclePathString = cyclePath.join(' -> ');
+      const error = new Error(
+        `Cycle detected involving node: ${cyclePathString}`,
+      );
+      error.cycle = cyclePath; // Array format for test assertions
+      throw error;
+    }
+
+    if (visited.has(node.id)) return;
+
+    visiting.add(node.id);
+    const newPath = [...path, node.id];
+
+    try {
+      node.inputs.forEach((input) => visit(input, newPath));
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.message.includes('Cycle detected')) {
+        throw error; // Preserve original message and cycle property
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
+
+    visiting.delete(node.id);
+    visited.add(node.id);
+    order.push(node);
+  };
+
+  try {
+    for (const node of nodes.values()) {
+      visit(node);
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error.message.includes('Cycle detected')) {
+      throw error;
+    }
+    throw new Error(`DAG topological sort failed: ${error.message}`);
+  }
+
+  // Return nodes in dependency order (sources first, sinks last)
+  return order;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validates basic DAG structure
+ *
+ * Performs fundamental validation checks:
+ * - DAG is not empty
+ * - No cycles exist (via topological sort)
+ * - At least one sink node exists
+ *
+ * This is the primary validation method called before DAG execution.
+ *
+ * @param {Map<string, DAGNode>} nodes - Map of node IDs to DAGNode instances
+ * @returns {boolean} True if validation passes
+ *
+ * @throws {Error} If DAG is empty - "DAG is empty - no nodes to execute"
+ * @throws {Error} If cycle detected - "DAG validation failed: DAG topological sort failed: Cycle detected involving node: ..."
+ *   - error.cycle: Array of node IDs forming the cycle
+ * @throws {Error} If no sink nodes - "DAG has no sink nodes - no final output available"
+ * @throws {Error} For other validation failures
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Valid DAG
+ * const nodes = new Map([
+ *   ['load', loadNode],
+ *   ['process', processNode],
+ *   ['save', saveNode]
+ * ]);
+ * const isValid = validateDAG(nodes); // true
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Empty DAG
+ * try {
+ *   validateDAG(new Map());
+ * } catch (error) {
+ *   console.log(error.message); // "DAG is empty - no nodes to execute"
+ * }
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // No sink nodes (all nodes have outputs)
+ * const nodes = new Map([
+ *   ['A', nodeA] // A -> B
+ * ]);
+ * // Assuming all nodes have outputs
+ * try {
+ *   validateDAG(nodes);
+ * } catch (error) {
+ *   console.log(error.message); // "DAG has no sink nodes - no final output available"
+ * }
+ *
+ * @performance O(V + E) due to topological sort
+ * @since 2.2.2
+ */
+function validateDAG(nodes) {
+  if (nodes.size === 0) {
+    throw new Error('DAG is empty - no nodes to execute');
+  }
+
+  // Check for cycles using topological sort
+  try {
+    topologicalSort(nodes);
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error.message.includes('Cycle detected')) {
+      // Extract cycle information from error message or use error.cycle if available
+      let cycleNodes = error.cycle;
+      if (!cycleNodes && error.message.includes('involving node:')) {
+        // Parse cycle from message if cycle array not available
+        const match = error.message.match(/involving node: (.+)/);
+        if (match) {
+          cycleNodes = match[1].split(' -> ');
+        }
+      }
+      if (!cycleNodes) {
+        cycleNodes = ['unknown'];
+      }
+
+      const pretty = cycleNodes.join(' -> ');
+      const err = new Error(
+        `DAG validation failed: DAG topological sort failed: Cycle detected involving node: ${pretty}`,
+      );
+      err.cycle = cycleNodes;
+      throw err;
+    }
+    throw new Error(`DAG validation failed: ${error.message}`);
+  }
+
+  // Note: Sink node check is performed in DAG._processResults, not here
+  // This allows for more flexible DAG construction and execution patterns
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validates DAG topology with advanced options and warnings
+ *
+ * Performs comprehensive validation including:
+ * - Empty DAG check
+ * - Self-loop detection
+ * - Cycle detection via topological sort
+ * - Isolated node detection (nodes with no connections)
+ *
+ * Supports strict and non-strict modes. In non-strict mode, some issues
+ * (like isolated nodes) generate warnings instead of throwing errors.
+ *
+ * @param {Map<string, DAGNode>} nodes - Map of node IDs to DAGNode instances
+ * @param {Object} options - Validation options
+ * @param {boolean} [options.strict=true] - If true, throw errors for all issues.
+ *   If false, return warnings for non-critical issues
+ * @returns {string[]} Array of warning messages (empty if no warnings in strict mode)
+ *
+ * @throws {Error} If DAG is empty - "DAG cannot be empty"
+ * @throws {Error} If self-loop detected - "Self-loop detected"
+ * @throws {Error} If cycle detected - "Cycle detected in DAG"
+ *   - error.cycle: Array of node IDs forming the cycle
+ * @throws {Error} If orphaned node found in strict mode
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Strict mode (default)
+ * const nodes = new Map([['isolated', isolatedNode]]);
+ * try {
+ *   validateTopology(nodes, { strict: true });
+ * } catch (error) {
+ *   console.log(error.message); // "Orphaned node detected: isolated"
+ * }
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Non-strict mode (warnings)
+ * const nodes = new Map([
+ *   ['A', nodeA],
+ *   ['isolated', isolatedNode]
+ * ]);
+ * const warnings = validateTopology(nodes, { strict: false });
+ * console.log(warnings); // ["Orphaned node detected: isolated"]
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Self-loop detection
+ * const nodeWithSelfLoop = new DAGNode('X', () => {});
+ * nodeWithSelfLoop.outputs.push(nodeWithSelfLoop);
+ * const nodes = new Map([['X', nodeWithSelfLoop]]);
+ * try {
+ *   validateTopology(nodes);
+ * } catch (error) {
+ *   console.log(error.message); // "Self-loop detected"
+ * }
+ *
+ * @performance O(V + E) due to topological sort and graph traversal
+ * @complexity Cyclomatic complexity: 5 (within acceptable limits)
+ * @since 2.2.2
+ */
+function validateTopology(nodes, options = {}) {
+  const { strict = true } = options;
+  const warnings = [];
+
+  // Check for empty DAG
+  if (nodes.size === 0) {
+    throw new Error('DAG cannot be empty');
+  }
+
+  // Check for self-loops
+  for (const node of nodes.values()) {
+    if (node.outputs.includes(node)) {
+      throw new Error('Self-loop detected');
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Check for cycles by attempting topological sort
+  try {
+    topologicalSort(nodes);
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error.message.includes('Cycle detected')) {
+      // Extract cycle information from error message or use error.cycle if available
+      let cycleNodes = error.cycle;
+      if (!cycleNodes && error.message.includes('involving node:')) {
+        // Parse cycle from message if cycle array not available
+        const match = error.message.match(/involving node: (.+)/);
+        if (match) {
+          cycleNodes = match[1].split(' -> ');
+        }
+      }
+      if (!cycleNodes) {
+        cycleNodes = ['unknown'];
+      }
+
+      const err = new Error('Cycle detected in DAG');
+      err.cycle = cycleNodes;
+      throw err;
+    }
+    throw error;
+  }
+
+  // Check for isolated nodes
+  for (const node of nodes.values()) {
+    if (node.inputs.length === 0 && node.outputs.length === 0) {
+      const message = `Orphaned node detected: ${node.id}`;
+      if (strict) {
+        throw new Error(message);
+      } else {
+        warnings.push(message);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return warnings;
+}
+
+// Export all functions
+module.exports = {
+  buildAdjacency,
+  getSinkIds,
+  topologicalSort,
+  validateDAG,
+  validateTopology,
+};
+
+// Default export for convenience
+module.exports.default = module.exports;