@develia/commons 0.4.15 → 0.4.18

package/src/type.ts

@@ -1,372 +1,373 @@
-import TypeCode from "./type-code.js";
-import {type Constructor} from "./types.js";
-
-export default class Type<T = unknown> {
-
-    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
-    //  Caché (Flyweight)
-    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    private static readonly _cache = new Map<unknown, Type>();
-
-    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
-    //  Tipos predefinidos
-    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    public static readonly String = Type._getOrCreate<string>('string', undefined, TypeCode.String, 'string');
-    public static readonly Number = Type._getOrCreate<number>('number', undefined, TypeCode.Number, 'number');
-    public static readonly Boolean = Type._getOrCreate<boolean>('boolean', undefined, TypeCode.Boolean, 'boolean');
-    public static readonly Symbol = Type._getOrCreate<symbol>('symbol', undefined, TypeCode.Symbol, 'symbol');
-    public static readonly BigInt = Type._getOrCreate<bigint>('bigint', undefined, TypeCode.BigInt, 'bigint');
-    public static readonly Null = Type._getOrCreate<null>('null', undefined, TypeCode.Null, 'null');
-    public static readonly Undefined = Type._getOrCreate<undefined>('undefined', undefined, TypeCode.Undefined, 'undefined');
-    public static readonly Object = Type._getOrCreate<object>(Object, Object, TypeCode.Object, 'Object');
-    public static readonly Function = Type._getOrCreate<Function>(Function, Function, TypeCode.Function, 'Function');
-    public static readonly Array = Type._getOrCreate<unknown[]>(Array, Array, TypeCode.Array, 'Array');
-
-    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
-    //  Propiedades inmutables
-    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    public readonly name: string;
-    public readonly constructorRef:
-        Constructor<T> | undefined;
-    public readonly typeCode: TypeCode;
-
-    private constructor(
-        name: string,
-        constructorRef: Constructor<T> | undefined,
-        typeCode: TypeCode,
-    ) {
-        this.name = name;
-        this.constructorRef = constructorRef;
-        this.typeCode = typeCode;
-    }
-
-    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
-    //  ÚNICO PUNTO DE ENTRADA
-    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
-
-    /**
-     * Obtiene el `Type` de cualquier valor, constructor o primitivo.
-     *
-     * Unifica `typeof()` y `.GetType()` de C# en un solo método.
-     *
-     * **Reglas de resolución:**
-     * 1. `null` / `undefined` → tipo nullish correspondiente
-     * 2. Primitivo (`number`, `string`, etc.) → tipo primitivo
-     * 3. Array → `Type.Array`
-     * 4. Función/Constructor → tipo del constructor (no "Function")
-     * 5. Objeto → tipo basado en su constructor
-     *
-     * @example
-     * ```ts
-     * Type.of(42)           // Type<number>   — primitivo
-     * Type.of('hello')      // Type<string>   — primitivo
-     * Type.of(new Date())   // Type<Date>     — desde instancia
-     * Type.of(Date)         // Type<Date>     — desde constructor
-     * Type.of(null)         // Type<null>
-     * Type.of([1, 2, 3])   // Type<Array>
-     * ```
-     */
-    public static of<U>(target: U | Constructor<U>): Type<U> {
-        // ── Nullish ──
-        if (target === null) return Type.Null as Type<U>;
-        if (target === undefined) return Type.Undefined as Type<U>;
-
-        const jsType = typeof target;
-
-        // ── Primitivos ──
-        if (jsType !== 'object' && jsType !== 'function') {
-            return this._getOrCreate<U>(jsType, undefined, jsType as TypeCode);
-        }
-
-        // ── Funciones y Constructores ──
-        if (jsType === 'function') {
-            return this._resolveFunction<U>(target as Function & Constructor<U>);
-        }
-
-        // ── Arrays ──
-        if (Array.isArray(target)) {
-            return Type.Array as Type<U>;
-        }
-
-        // ── Objetos ──
-        return this._resolveObject<U>(target as object);
-    }
-
-    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
-    //  Resolvers privados (separan la lógica compleja)
-    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    /**
-     * Resuelve funciones y constructores.
-     *
-     * Decisión clave: si la función tiene un `prototype` con
-     * miembros propios o empieza con `class`, es un constructor
-     * y devolvemos el tipo que construye. Si no, es una función.
-     */
-    private static _resolveFunction<U>(fn: Function & Constructor<U>): Type<U> {
-        const isConstructor = this._isConstructorLike(fn);
-
-        if (isConstructor) {
-            // Constructor → devuelve el tipo que construye
-            return this._getOrCreate<U>(
-                fn,                          // cacheamos por referencia al constructor
-                fn as Constructor<U>,
-                TypeCode.Object,
-                fn.name || 'AnonymousClass',
-            );
-        }
-
-        // Función pura → devuelve Type<Function>
-        return Type.Function as Type<U>;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Resuelve objetos por su cadena de prototipos.
-     */
-    private static _resolveObject<U>(obj: object): Type<U> {
-        const proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(obj) as { constructor?: Constructor<U> } | null;
-        const ctor = proto?.constructor as Constructor<U> | undefined;
-        const name = ctor?.name || 'Object';
-
-        if (!ctor || ctor === (Object as unknown)) {
-            return Type.Object as Type<U>;
-        }
-
-        return this._getOrCreate<U>(ctor, ctor, TypeCode.Object, name);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Heurística para distinguir constructores de funciones planas.
-     *
-     * Un "constructor" cumple al menos una de:
-     *  - Su `toString()` empieza con "class "
-     *  - Tiene propiedades propias en su prototype (más allá de constructor)
-     *  - Es un built-in conocido (Date, Map, Set, etc.)
-     */
-    private static _isConstructorLike(fn: Function): boolean {
-        // 1. Clase ES6 explícita
-        try {
-            if (fn.toString().startsWith('class ')) return true;
-        } catch {
-            // toString puede fallar en Proxy, etc.
-        }
-
-        // 2. Built-ins conocidos con prototype significativo
-        if (fn === Object || fn === Function || fn === Array) return true;
-
-        const proto = fn.prototype;
-        if (!proto || typeof proto !== 'object') return false;
-
-        // 3. Prototype con miembros propios (señal de constructor)
-        const ownKeys = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(proto);
-        return ownKeys.length > 1 || (ownKeys.length === 1 && ownKeys[0] !== 'constructor');
-    }
-
-    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
-    //  PROPIEDADES COMPUTADAS
-    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
-
-    public get isPrimitive(): boolean {
-        return (
-            this.typeCode === TypeCode.String ||
-            this.typeCode === TypeCode.Number ||
-            this.typeCode === TypeCode.Boolean ||
-            this.typeCode === TypeCode.Symbol ||
-            this.typeCode === TypeCode.BigInt
-        );
-    }
-
-    public get isNullish(): boolean {
-        return this.typeCode === TypeCode.Null || this.typeCode === TypeCode.Undefined;
-    }
-
-    public get isReferenceType(): boolean {
-        return !this.isPrimitive && !this.isNullish;
-    }
-
-    public get isArray(): boolean {
-        return this.typeCode === TypeCode.Array ||
-            this.constructorRef === (Array as unknown as Constructor<T>);
-    }
-
-    public get isFunction(): boolean {
-        return this.typeCode === TypeCode.Function;
-    }
-
-    public get isValueType(): boolean {
-        return this.isPrimitive;
-    }
-
-    public get isClass(): boolean {
-        if (!this.constructorRef) return false;
-        try {
-            return this.constructorRef.toString().startsWith('class ');
-        } catch {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    public get fullName(): string {
-        if (this.isPrimitive || this.isNullish) {
-            return `System.${this.name.charAt(0).toUpperCase()}${this.name.slice(1)}`;
-        }
-        return this.name;
-    }
-
-    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
-    //  JERARQUÍA
-    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
-
-    public get baseType(): Type | undefined {
-        if (!this.constructorRef) return undefined;
-
-        const parentProto = Object.getPrototypeOf(this.constructorRef.prototype);
-        if (!parentProto || parentProto === Object.prototype) {
-            return this === Type.Object ? undefined : Type.Object;
-        }
-
-        const parentCtor = parentProto.constructor as Constructor;
-        return Type.of(parentCtor);
-    }
-
-    public getInheritanceChain(): ReadonlyArray<Type> {
-        const chain: Type[] = [this];
-        let current: Type | undefined = this.baseType;
-
-        while (current && !chain.includes(current)) {
-            chain.push(current);
-            current = current.baseType;
-        }
-
-        return Object.freeze(chain);
-    }
-
-    public isAssignableTo(target: Type): boolean {
-        if (this === target) return true;
-        if (!this.constructorRef || !target.constructorRef) return false;
-
-        let proto: object | null = this.constructorRef.prototype;
-        while (proto) {
-            if (proto.constructor === target.constructorRef) return true;
-            proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(proto) as object | null;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    public isAssignableFrom(source: Type): boolean {
-        return source.isAssignableTo(this);
-    }
-
-    public isSubclassOf(parent: Type): boolean {
-        if (this === parent) return false;
-        return this.isAssignableTo(parent);
-    }
-
-
-    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
-    //  REFLEXIÓN
-    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
-
-    public getMethodNames(): ReadonlyArray<string> {
-        if (!this.constructorRef?.prototype) return Object.freeze([]);
-        return Object.freeze(
-            Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.constructorRef.prototype)
-                  .filter(n => n !== 'constructor' &&
-                      typeof Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(
-                          this.constructorRef!.prototype, n
-                      )?.value === 'function'
-                  )
-        );
-    }
-
-    public getPropertyNames(): ReadonlyArray<string> {
-        if (!this.constructorRef?.prototype) return Object.freeze([]);
-        return Object.freeze(
-            Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.constructorRef.prototype)
-                  .filter(n => n !== 'constructor' &&
-                      typeof Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(
-                          this.constructorRef!.prototype, n
-                      )?.value !== 'function'
-                  )
-        );
-    }
-
-    public getMemberNames(): ReadonlyArray<string> {
-        if (!this.constructorRef?.prototype) return Object.freeze([]);
-        return Object.freeze(
-            Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.constructorRef.prototype)
-                  .filter(n => n !== 'constructor')
-        );
-    }
-
-    public hasMethod(name: string): boolean {
-        if (!this.constructorRef?.prototype) return false;
-        return typeof this.constructorRef.prototype[name] === 'function';
-    }
-
-    public hasProperty(name: string): boolean {
-        if (!this.constructorRef?.prototype) return false;
-        return name in this.constructorRef.prototype && !this.hasMethod(name);
-    }
-
-    public getStaticMemberNames(): ReadonlyArray<string> {
-        if (!this.constructorRef) return Object.freeze([]);
-        const skip = new Set(['prototype', 'length', 'name', 'caller', 'arguments']);
-        return Object.freeze(
-            Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.constructorRef)
-                  .filter(n => !skip.has(n))
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
-    //  SERIALIZACIÓN
-    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
-
-    public toString(): string {
-        return `Type [${this.name}]`;
-    }
-
-
-    public [Symbol.toPrimitive](hint: string): string | number {
-
-        let hash = 0;
-        for (let i = 0; i < this.name.length; i++) {
-            hash = ((hash << 5) - hash + this.name.charCodeAt(i)) | 0;
-        }
-
-        return hint === 'number' ? hash : this.toString();
-    }
-
-    public get [Symbol.toStringTag](): string {
-        return `Type<${this.name}>`;
-    }
-
-    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
-    //  FACTORY INTERNA
-    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-    private static _getOrCreate<V>(
-        key: unknown,
-        constructorRef: Constructor<V> | unknown,
-        typeCode: TypeCode,
-        customName?: string,
-    ): Type<V> {
-        const cached = this._cache.get(key);
-        if (cached) return cached as Type<V>;
-
-        const name = customName
-            ?? (typeof key === 'string' ? key : 'unknown');
-
-        const ref = typeof constructorRef === 'function'
-            ? constructorRef as Constructor<V>
-            : undefined;
-
-        const instance = new Type<V>(name, ref, typeCode);
-        this._cache.set(key, instance as Type);
-        return instance;
-    }
+import TypeCode from "./type-code.js";
+import {type Constructor} from "./types.js";
+
+export default class Type<T = unknown> {
+
+    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+    //  Caché (Flyweight)
+    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    private static readonly _cache = new Map<unknown, Type>();
+
+    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+    //  Tipos predefinidos
+    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    public static readonly String = Type._getOrCreate<string>('string', undefined, TypeCode.String, 'string');
+    public static readonly Number = Type._getOrCreate<number>('number', undefined, TypeCode.Number, 'number');
+    public static readonly Boolean = Type._getOrCreate<boolean>('boolean', undefined, TypeCode.Boolean, 'boolean');
+    public static readonly Symbol = Type._getOrCreate<symbol>('symbol', undefined, TypeCode.Symbol, 'symbol');
+    public static readonly BigInt = Type._getOrCreate<bigint>('bigint', undefined, TypeCode.BigInt, 'bigint');
+    public static readonly Null = Type._getOrCreate<null>('null', undefined, TypeCode.Null, 'null');
+    public static readonly Undefined = Type._getOrCreate<undefined>('undefined', undefined, TypeCode.Undefined, 'undefined');
+    public static readonly Object = Type._getOrCreate<object>(Object, Object, TypeCode.Object, 'Object');
+    public static readonly Function = Type._getOrCreate<Function>(Function, Function, TypeCode.Function, 'Function');
+    public static readonly Array = Type._getOrCreate<unknown[]>(Array, Array, TypeCode.Array, 'Array');
+
+    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+    //  Propiedades inmutables
+    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    public readonly name: string;
+    public readonly constructorRef:
+        Constructor<T> | undefined;
+    public readonly typeCode: TypeCode;
+
+    private constructor(
+        name: string,
+        constructorRef: Constructor<T> | undefined,
+        typeCode: TypeCode,
+    ) {
+        this.name = name;
+        this.constructorRef = constructorRef;
+        this.typeCode = typeCode;
+    }
+
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+    //  ÚNICO PUNTO DE ENTRADA
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+    /**
+     * Obtiene el `Type` de cualquier valor, constructor o primitivo.
+     *
+     * Unifica `typeof()` y `.GetType()` de C# en un solo método.
+     *
+     * **Reglas de resolución:**
+     * 1. `null` / `undefined` → tipo nullish correspondiente
+     * 2. Primitivo (`number`, `string`, etc.) → tipo primitivo
+     * 3. Array → `Type.Array`
+     * 4. Función/Constructor → tipo del constructor (no "Function")
+     * 5. Objeto → tipo basado en su constructor
+     *
+     * @example
+     * ```ts
+     * Type.of(42)           // Type<number>   — primitivo
+     * Type.of('hello')      // Type<string>   — primitivo
+     * Type.of(new Date())   // Type<Date>     — desde instancia
+     * Type.of(Date)         // Type<Date>     — desde constructor
+     * Type.of(null)         // Type<null>
+     * Type.of([1, 2, 3])   // Type<Array>
+     * ```
+     */
+    public static of<U>(target: U | Constructor<U>): Type<U> {
+        // ── Nullish ──
+        if (target === null) return Type.Null as Type<U>;
+        if (target === undefined) return Type.Undefined as Type<U>;
+
+        const jsType = typeof target;
+
+        // ── Primitivos ──
+        if (jsType !== 'object' && jsType !== 'function') {
+            return this._getOrCreate<U>(jsType, undefined, jsType as TypeCode);
+        }
+
+        // ── Funciones y Constructores ──
+        if (jsType === 'function') {
+            return this._resolveFunction<U>(target as Function & Constructor<U>);
+        }
+
+        // ── Arrays ──
+        if (Array.isArray(target)) {
+            return Type.Array as Type<U>;
+        }
+
+        // ── Objetos ──
+        return this._resolveObject<U>(target as object);
+    }
+
+    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+    //  Resolvers privados (separan la lógica compleja)
+    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /**
+     * Resuelve funciones y constructores.
+     *
+     * Decisión clave: si la función tiene un `prototype` con
+     * miembros propios o empieza con `class`, es un constructor
+     * y devolvemos el tipo que construye. Si no, es una función.
+     */
+    private static _resolveFunction<U>(fn: Function & Constructor<U>): Type<U> {
+        const isConstructor = this._isConstructorLike(fn);
+
+        if (isConstructor) {
+            // Constructor → devuelve el tipo que construye
+            return this._getOrCreate<U>(
+                fn,                          // cacheamos por referencia al constructor
+                fn as Constructor<U>,
+                TypeCode.Object,
+                fn.name || 'AnonymousClass',
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Función pura → devuelve Type<Function>
+        return Type.Function as Type<U>;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resuelve objetos por su cadena de prototipos.
+     */
+    private static _resolveObject<U>(obj: object): Type<U> {
+        const proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(obj) as { constructor?: Constructor<U> } | null;
+        const ctor = proto?.constructor as Constructor<U> | undefined;
+        const name = ctor?.name || 'Object';
+
+        if (!ctor || ctor === (Object as unknown)) {
+            return Type.Object as Type<U>;
+        }
+
+        return this._getOrCreate<U>(ctor, ctor, TypeCode.Object, name);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Heurística para distinguir constructores de funciones planas.
+     *
+     * Un "constructor" cumple al menos una de:
+     *  - Su `toString()` empieza con "class "
+     *  - Tiene propiedades propias en su prototype (más allá de constructor)
+     *  - Es un built-in conocido (Date, Map, Set, etc.)
+     */
+    private static _isConstructorLike(fn: Function): boolean {
+        // 1. Clase ES6 explícita
+        try {
+            if (fn.toString().startsWith('class ')) return true;
+        } catch {
+            // toString puede fallar en Proxy, etc.
+        }
+
+        // 2. Built-ins conocidos con prototype significativo
+        if (fn === Object || fn === Function || fn === Array) return true;
+
+        const proto = fn.prototype;
+        if (!proto || typeof proto !== 'object') return false;
+
+        // 3. Prototype con miembros propios (señal de constructor)
+        const ownKeys = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(proto);
+        return ownKeys.length > 1 || (ownKeys.length === 1 && ownKeys[0] !== 'constructor');
+    }
+
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+    //  PROPIEDADES COMPUTADAS
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+    public get isPrimitive(): boolean {
+        return (
+            this.typeCode === TypeCode.String ||
+            this.typeCode === TypeCode.Number ||
+            this.typeCode === TypeCode.Boolean ||
+            this.typeCode === TypeCode.Symbol ||
+            this.typeCode === TypeCode.BigInt
+        );
+    }
+
+    public get isNullish(): boolean {
+        return this.typeCode === TypeCode.Null || this.typeCode === TypeCode.Undefined;
+    }
+
+    public get isReferenceType(): boolean {
+        return !this.isPrimitive && !this.isNullish;
+    }
+
+    public get isArray(): boolean {
+        return this.typeCode === TypeCode.Array ||
+            this.constructorRef === (Array as unknown as Constructor<T>);
+    }
+
+    public get isFunction(): boolean {
+        return this.typeCode === TypeCode.Function;
+    }
+
+    public get isValueType(): boolean {
+        return this.isPrimitive;
+    }
+
+    public get isClass(): boolean {
+        if (!this.constructorRef) return false;
+        try {
+            return this.constructorRef.toString().startsWith('class ');
+        } catch {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public get fullName(): string {
+        if (this.isPrimitive || this.isNullish) {
+            return `System.${this.name.charAt(0).toUpperCase()}${this.name.slice(1)}`;
+        }
+        return this.name;
+    }
+
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+    //  JERARQUÍA
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+    public get baseType(): Type | undefined {
+        if (!this.constructorRef) return undefined;
+
+        const parentProto = Object.getPrototypeOf(this.constructorRef.prototype);
+        if (!parentProto || parentProto === Object.prototype) {
+            return this === Type.Object ? undefined : Type.Object;
+        }
+
+        const parentCtor = parentProto.constructor as Constructor;
+        return Type.of(parentCtor);
+    }
+
+    public getInheritanceChain(): ReadonlyArray<Type> {
+        const chain: Type[] = [this];
+        let current: Type | undefined = this.baseType;
+
+        while (current && !chain.includes(current)) {
+            chain.push(current);
+            current = current.baseType;
+        }
+
+        return Object.freeze(chain);
+    }
+
+    public isAssignableTo(target: Type): boolean {
+        if (this === target) return true;
+        if (!this.constructorRef || !target.constructorRef) return false;
+
+        let proto: object | null = this.constructorRef.prototype;
+        while (proto) {
+            if (proto.constructor === target.constructorRef) return true;
+            proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(proto) as object | null;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public isAssignableFrom(source: Type): boolean {
+        return source.isAssignableTo(this);
+    }
+
+    public isSubclassOf(parent: Type): boolean {
+        if (this === parent) return false;
+        return this.isAssignableTo(parent);
+    }
+
+
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+    //  REFLEXIÓN
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+    public getMethodNames(): ReadonlyArray<string> {
+        return Object.freeze(
+            this._getPrototypeMemberNames((_, descriptor) => typeof descriptor.value === 'function')
+        );
+    }
+
+    public getPropertyNames(): ReadonlyArray<string> {
+        return Object.freeze(
+            this._getPrototypeMemberNames((_, descriptor) => typeof descriptor.value !== 'function')
+        );
+    }
+
+    public getMemberNames(): ReadonlyArray<string> {
+        return Object.freeze(this._getPrototypeMemberNames());
+    }
+
+    public hasMethod(name: string): boolean {
+        const descriptor = this._getOwnPrototypeDescriptor(name);
+        return typeof descriptor?.value === 'function';
+    }
+
+    public hasProperty(name: string): boolean {
+        const descriptor = this._getOwnPrototypeDescriptor(name);
+        return !!descriptor && typeof descriptor.value !== 'function';
+    }
+
+    private _getPrototypeMemberNames(
+        predicate: (name: string, descriptor: PropertyDescriptor) => boolean = () => true
+    ): string[] {
+        if (!this.constructorRef?.prototype) return [];
+
+        return Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.constructorRef.prototype)
+                     .filter(name => {
+                         const descriptor = this._getOwnPrototypeDescriptor(name);
+                         return !!descriptor && predicate(name, descriptor);
+                     });
+    }
+
+    private _getOwnPrototypeDescriptor(name: string): PropertyDescriptor | undefined {
+        if (name === 'constructor' || !this.constructorRef?.prototype) return undefined;
+        return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(this.constructorRef.prototype, name);
+    }
+
+    public getStaticMemberNames(): ReadonlyArray<string> {
+        if (!this.constructorRef) return Object.freeze([]);
+        const skip = new Set(['prototype', 'length', 'name', 'caller', 'arguments']);
+        return Object.freeze(
+            Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.constructorRef)
+                  .filter(n => !skip.has(n))
+        );
+    }
+
+
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+    //  SERIALIZACIÓN
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+    public toString(): string {
+        return `Type [${this.name}]`;
+    }
+
+
+    public [Symbol.toPrimitive](hint: string): string | number {
+
+        let hash = 0;
+        for (let i = 0; i < this.name.length; i++) {
+            hash = ((hash << 5) - hash + this.name.charCodeAt(i)) | 0;
+        }
+
+        return hint === 'number' ? hash : this.toString();
+    }
+
+    public get [Symbol.toStringTag](): string {
+        return `Type<${this.name}>`;
+    }
+
+    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+    //  FACTORY INTERNA
+    // ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    private static _getOrCreate<V>(
+        key: unknown,
+        constructorRef: Constructor<V> | unknown,
+        typeCode: TypeCode,
+        customName?: string,
+    ): Type<V> {
+        const cached = this._cache.get(key);
+        if (cached) return cached as Type<V>;
+
+        const name = customName
+            ?? (typeof key === 'string' ? key : 'unknown');
+
+        const ref = typeof constructorRef === 'function'
+            ? constructorRef as Constructor<V>
+            : undefined;
+
+        const instance = new Type<V>(name, ref, typeCode);
+        this._cache.set(key, instance as Type);
+        return instance;
+    }
 }