@detiq/crawler 1.1.8 → 1.1.9

package/dist/native-crawler.js

@@ -1,839 +1,1005 @@
-import fs from "node:fs/promises";
-import path from "node:path";
-import os from "node:os";
-import { withTenant } from "@detiq/database";
-import { AppBrain, getTenantStorageConfig, uploadScreenshotToTenantStorage } from "@detiq/app-brain";
-import { config } from "@detiq/core";
-import { logger } from "./logger.js";
+/**
+ * ZeTa Native App Crawler — Appium-based crawler for Android APK and iOS IPA.
+ *
+ * Architecture:
+ *   Appium Server (running at APPIUM_SERVER_URL) → WebDriverIO session
+ *   → UiAutomator2 (Android) / XCUITest (iOS)
+ *   → accessibility tree XML → ZeTa Element records
+ *
+ * TODO: requires Appium server running at APPIUM_SERVER_URL env var
+ * TODO: requires `webdriverio` package — add "webdriverio": "^9.x" to package.json
+ *
+ * Device farm support:
+ *   - local_emulator: Appium server + local emulator/simulator
+ *   - aws_device_farm: presigned S3 URL uploaded to Device Farm, session via WDIO
+ *   - browserstack: BrowserStack Automate Appium endpoint
+ */
+import fs from 'node:fs/promises';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import os from 'node:os';
+import { withTenant } from '@detiq/database';
+import { AppBrain, getTenantStorageConfig, uploadScreenshotToTenantStorage } from '@detiq/app-brain';
+import { config } from '@detiq/core';
+import { logger } from './logger.js';
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Internal helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ * Build Appium desired capabilities for the given platform.
+ * localAppPath is the local path after downloading from S3 (or a presigned URL
+ * for device farms that fetch the binary themselves).
+ */
 function buildCapabilities(opts, localAppPath) {
-  const appiumServerUrl = opts.appiumServerUrl ?? process.env.APPIUM_SERVER_URL ?? "http://127.0.0.1:4723";
-  logger.info({ appiumServerUrl, platform: opts.platform }, "Building Appium capabilities");
-  if (opts.deviceFarm === "browserstack" && (opts.platform === "android" || opts.platform === "ios")) {
-    const bstackOptions = {
-      userName: opts.browserstackUsername ?? process.env.BROWSERSTACK_USERNAME ?? "",
-      accessKey: opts.browserstackAccessKey ?? process.env.BROWSERSTACK_ACCESS_KEY ?? "",
-      deviceName: opts.deviceModel ?? (opts.platform === "android" ? "Google Pixel 7" : "iPhone 15"),
-      osVersion: opts.osVersion ?? (opts.platform === "android" ? "13.0" : "17"),
-      realMobile: true,
-      projectName: "ZeTa-QIP",
-      buildName: `${opts.platform}-crawl`,
-      sessionName: opts.jobId
-    };
-    if (opts.platform === "android") {
-      return {
-        "platformName": "android",
-        "appium:automationName": "UiAutomator2",
-        "appium:app": localAppPath,
-        "appium:newCommandTimeout": 120,
-        "appium:autoGrantPermissions": true,
-        ...opts.appActivity ? { "appium:appActivity": opts.appActivity } : {},
-        ...opts.packageName ? { "appium:appPackage": opts.packageName } : {},
-        "bstack:options": bstackOptions
-      };
+    const appiumServerUrl = opts.appiumServerUrl ?? process.env.APPIUM_SERVER_URL ?? 'http://127.0.0.1:4723';
+    logger.info({ appiumServerUrl, platform: opts.platform }, 'Building Appium capabilities');
+    // BrowserStack early-return: https://hub-cloud.browserstack.com/wd/hub
+    if (opts.deviceFarm === 'browserstack' && (opts.platform === 'android' || opts.platform === 'ios')) {
+        const bstackOptions = {
+            userName: opts.browserstackUsername ?? process.env.BROWSERSTACK_USERNAME ?? '',
+            accessKey: opts.browserstackAccessKey ?? process.env.BROWSERSTACK_ACCESS_KEY ?? '',
+            deviceName: opts.deviceModel ?? (opts.platform === 'android' ? 'Google Pixel 7' : 'iPhone 15'),
+            osVersion: opts.osVersion ?? (opts.platform === 'android' ? '13.0' : '17'),
+            realMobile: true,
+            projectName: 'ZeTa-QIP',
+            buildName: `${opts.platform}-crawl`,
+            sessionName: opts.jobId,
+        };
+        if (opts.platform === 'android') {
+            return {
+                'platformName': 'android',
+                'appium:automationName': 'UiAutomator2',
+                'appium:app': localAppPath,
+                'appium:newCommandTimeout': 120,
+                'appium:autoGrantPermissions': true,
+                ...(opts.appActivity ? { 'appium:appActivity': opts.appActivity } : {}),
+                ...(opts.packageName ? { 'appium:appPackage': opts.packageName } : {}),
+                'bstack:options': bstackOptions,
+            };
+        }
+        return {
+            'platformName': 'ios',
+            'appium:automationName': 'XCUITest',
+            'appium:app': localAppPath,
+            'appium:newCommandTimeout': 120,
+            ...(opts.packageName ? { 'appium:bundleId': opts.packageName } : {}),
+            'bstack:options': bstackOptions,
+        };
     }
+    if (opts.platform === 'android') {
+        return {
+            'appium:platformName': 'Android',
+            'appium:deviceName': opts.deviceModel ?? 'Pixel 7',
+            'appium:app': localAppPath,
+            'appium:automationName': 'UiAutomator2',
+            'appium:autoGrantPermissions': true,
+            'appium:newCommandTimeout': 120,
+            'appium:platformVersion': opts.osVersion ?? '',
+            ...(opts.appActivity ? { 'appium:appActivity': opts.appActivity } : {}),
+            ...(opts.appWaitActivity ? { 'appium:appWaitActivity': opts.appWaitActivity } : {}),
+            'appium:eventTimings': true, // capture launch time telemetry
+            ...(opts.packageName ? { 'appium:appPackage': opts.packageName } : {}),
+        };
+    }
+    if (opts.platform === 'windows') {
+        return {
+            'platformName': 'Windows',
+            'appium:automationName': 'Windows',
+            'appium:app': localAppPath,
+            'appium:deviceName': 'WindowsPC',
+            'appium:newCommandTimeout': 120,
+            ...(opts.packageName ? { 'appium:appTopLevelWindow': opts.packageName } : {}),
+        };
+    }
+    if (opts.platform === 'macos') {
+        return {
+            'platformName': 'mac',
+            'appium:automationName': 'Mac2',
+            'appium:app': localAppPath,
+            'appium:deviceName': 'Mac',
+            'appium:newCommandTimeout': 120,
+            ...(opts.packageName ? { 'appium:bundleId': opts.packageName } : {}),
+        };
+    }
+    // iOS
     return {
-      "platformName": "ios",
-      "appium:automationName": "XCUITest",
-      "appium:app": localAppPath,
-      "appium:newCommandTimeout": 120,
-      ...opts.packageName ? { "appium:bundleId": opts.packageName } : {},
-      "bstack:options": bstackOptions
-    };
-  }
-  if (opts.platform === "android") {
-    return {
-      "appium:platformName": "Android",
-      "appium:deviceName": opts.deviceModel ?? "Pixel 7",
-      "appium:app": localAppPath,
-      "appium:automationName": "UiAutomator2",
-      "appium:autoGrantPermissions": true,
-      "appium:newCommandTimeout": 120,
-      "appium:platformVersion": opts.osVersion ?? "",
-      ...opts.appActivity ? { "appium:appActivity": opts.appActivity } : {},
-      ...opts.appWaitActivity ? { "appium:appWaitActivity": opts.appWaitActivity } : {},
-      "appium:eventTimings": true,
-      // capture launch time telemetry
-      ...opts.packageName ? { "appium:appPackage": opts.packageName } : {}
-    };
-  }
-  if (opts.platform === "windows") {
-    return {
-      "platformName": "Windows",
-      "appium:automationName": "Windows",
-      "appium:app": localAppPath,
-      "appium:deviceName": "WindowsPC",
-      "appium:newCommandTimeout": 120,
-      ...opts.packageName ? { "appium:appTopLevelWindow": opts.packageName } : {}
-    };
-  }
-  if (opts.platform === "macos") {
-    return {
-      "platformName": "mac",
-      "appium:automationName": "Mac2",
-      "appium:app": localAppPath,
-      "appium:deviceName": "Mac",
-      "appium:newCommandTimeout": 120,
-      ...opts.packageName ? { "appium:bundleId": opts.packageName } : {}
+        'appium:platformName': 'iOS',
+        'appium:deviceName': opts.deviceModel ?? 'iPhone 15',
+        'appium:app': localAppPath,
+        'appium:automationName': 'XCUITest',
+        'appium:newCommandTimeout': 120,
+        'appium:platformVersion': opts.osVersion ?? '',
+        ...(opts.packageName ? { 'appium:bundleId': opts.packageName } : {}),
     };
-  }
-  return {
-    "appium:platformName": "iOS",
-    "appium:deviceName": opts.deviceModel ?? "iPhone 15",
-    "appium:app": localAppPath,
-    "appium:automationName": "XCUITest",
-    "appium:newCommandTimeout": 120,
-    "appium:platformVersion": opts.osVersion ?? "",
-    ...opts.packageName ? { "appium:bundleId": opts.packageName } : {}
-  };
 }
+/**
+ * Upload a locally downloaded app binary to BrowserStack App Automate.
+ * Returns the bs:// app URL to use as the Appium capability value.
+ */
 async function uploadToBrowserStack(localPath, opts) {
-  const username = opts.browserstackUsername ?? process.env.BROWSERSTACK_USERNAME ?? "";
-  const accessKey = opts.browserstackAccessKey ?? process.env.BROWSERSTACK_ACCESS_KEY ?? "";
-  const credentials = Buffer.from(`${username}:${accessKey}`).toString("base64");
-  const fileBuffer = await fs.readFile(localPath);
-  const filename = localPath.split("/").pop() ?? "app.apk";
-  const form = new global.FormData();
-  form.append("file", new Blob([new Uint8Array(fileBuffer)]), filename);
-  logger.info({ localPath, filename }, "Uploading app binary to BrowserStack");
-  const response = await fetch("https://api-cloud.browserstack.com/app-automate/upload", {
-    method: "POST",
-    headers: { Authorization: `Basic ${credentials}` },
-    body: form
-  });
-  if (!response.ok) {
-    throw new Error(`BrowserStack upload failed: ${response.status} ${await response.text()}`);
-  }
-  const json = await response.json();
-  if (!json.app_url) throw new Error("BrowserStack upload did not return app_url");
-  logger.info({ appUrl: json.app_url }, "App uploaded to BrowserStack");
-  return json.app_url;
+    const username = opts.browserstackUsername ?? process.env.BROWSERSTACK_USERNAME ?? '';
+    const accessKey = opts.browserstackAccessKey ?? process.env.BROWSERSTACK_ACCESS_KEY ?? '';
+    const credentials = Buffer.from(`${username}:${accessKey}`).toString('base64');
+    const fileBuffer = await fs.readFile(localPath);
+    const filename = localPath.split('/').pop() ?? 'app.apk';
+    const form = new global.FormData();
+    form.append('file', new Blob([new Uint8Array(fileBuffer)]), filename);
+    logger.info({ localPath, filename }, 'Uploading app binary to BrowserStack');
+    const response = await fetch('https://api-cloud.browserstack.com/app-automate/upload', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { Authorization: `Basic ${credentials}` },
+        body: form,
+    });
+    if (!response.ok) {
+        throw new Error(`BrowserStack upload failed: ${response.status} ${await response.text()}`);
+    }
+    const json = (await response.json());
+    if (!json.app_url)
+        throw new Error('BrowserStack upload did not return app_url');
+    logger.info({ appUrl: json.app_url }, 'App uploaded to BrowserStack');
+    return json.app_url; // e.g. "bs://1234abc..."
 }
+/**
+ * Download app binary from S3 to a local temp file.
+ * For BrowserStack, also uploads the binary to App Automate and returns the bs:// URL.
+ * Returns the local file path (or bs:// URL for BrowserStack).
+ */
 async function downloadAppFromS3(appS3Path, platform, opts, storageCfg) {
-  if (appS3Path.startsWith("local://")) {
-    const localPath = appS3Path.slice("local://".length);
-    logger.info({ localPath }, "Using locally stored app binary");
-    if (opts.deviceFarm === "browserstack") {
-      return uploadToBrowserStack(localPath, opts);
+    // Local disk fallback — APK stored on-server when no cloud storage is configured
+    if (appS3Path.startsWith('local://')) {
+        const localPath = appS3Path.slice('local://'.length);
+        logger.info({ localPath }, 'Using locally stored app binary');
+        if (opts.deviceFarm === 'browserstack') {
+            return uploadToBrowserStack(localPath, opts);
+        }
+        return localPath;
+    }
+    // Parse  s3://bucket/key
+    const withoutScheme = appS3Path.replace(/^s3:\/\//, '');
+    const slashIdx = withoutScheme.indexOf('/');
+    if (slashIdx === -1) {
+        throw new Error(`Invalid S3 path: ${appS3Path}. Expected format: s3://bucket/path/to/file`);
+    }
+    const bucket = withoutScheme.slice(0, slashIdx);
+    const key = withoutScheme.slice(slashIdx + 1);
+    const extMap = { android: '.apk', ios: '.ipa', windows: '.exe', macos: '.app' };
+    const ext = extMap[platform] ?? '';
+    const tmpPath = path.join(os.tmpdir(), `zeta-native-${Date.now()}${ext}`);
+    logger.info({ bucket, key, tmpPath, provider: storageCfg?.provider ?? 'env' }, 'Downloading app binary from storage');
+    const { S3Client, GetObjectCommand } = await import('@aws-sdk/client-s3');
+    const isR2 = storageCfg?.provider === 'R2';
+    const s3ClientCfg = {
+        region: isR2 ? 'auto' : (storageCfg?.region ?? process.env.AWS_REGION ?? 'us-east-1'),
+    };
+    if (storageCfg?.accessKeyId && storageCfg?.secretAccessKey) {
+        s3ClientCfg.credentials = { accessKeyId: storageCfg.accessKeyId, secretAccessKey: storageCfg.secretAccessKey };
+    }
+    if (isR2 && storageCfg?.accountId) {
+        s3ClientCfg.endpoint = `https://${storageCfg.accountId}.r2.cloudflarestorage.com`;
+        s3ClientCfg.forcePathStyle = true;
     }
-    return localPath;
-  }
-  const withoutScheme = appS3Path.replace(/^s3:\/\//, "");
-  const slashIdx = withoutScheme.indexOf("/");
-  if (slashIdx === -1) {
-    throw new Error(`Invalid S3 path: ${appS3Path}. Expected format: s3://bucket/path/to/file`);
-  }
-  const bucket = withoutScheme.slice(0, slashIdx);
-  const key = withoutScheme.slice(slashIdx + 1);
-  const extMap = { android: ".apk", ios: ".ipa", windows: ".exe", macos: ".app" };
-  const ext = extMap[platform] ?? "";
-  const tmpPath = path.join(os.tmpdir(), `zeta-native-${Date.now()}${ext}`);
-  logger.info({ bucket, key, tmpPath, provider: storageCfg?.provider ?? "env" }, "Downloading app binary from storage");
-  const { S3Client, GetObjectCommand } = await import("@aws-sdk/client-s3");
-  const isR2 = storageCfg?.provider === "R2";
-  const s3ClientCfg = {
-    region: isR2 ? "auto" : storageCfg?.region ?? process.env.AWS_REGION ?? "us-east-1"
-  };
-  if (storageCfg?.accessKeyId && storageCfg?.secretAccessKey) {
-    s3ClientCfg.credentials = { accessKeyId: storageCfg.accessKeyId, secretAccessKey: storageCfg.secretAccessKey };
-  }
-  if (isR2 && storageCfg?.accountId) {
-    s3ClientCfg.endpoint = `https://${storageCfg.accountId}.r2.cloudflarestorage.com`;
-    s3ClientCfg.forcePathStyle = true;
-  }
-  const s3 = new S3Client(s3ClientCfg);
-  const response = await s3.send(new GetObjectCommand({ Bucket: bucket, Key: key }));
-  const { Readable } = await import("node:stream");
-  const { pipeline } = await import("node:stream/promises");
-  const fh = await fs.open(tmpPath, "w");
-  try {
-    await pipeline(Readable.from(response.Body), fh.createWriteStream());
-  } finally {
-    await fh.close();
-  }
-  logger.info({ tmpPath }, "App binary downloaded");
-  if (opts.deviceFarm === "browserstack") {
-    return uploadToBrowserStack(tmpPath, opts);
-  }
-  return tmpPath;
+    const s3 = new S3Client(s3ClientCfg);
+    const response = await s3.send(new GetObjectCommand({ Bucket: bucket, Key: key }));
+    // Stream the body to disk
+    const { Readable } = await import('node:stream');
+    const { pipeline } = await import('node:stream/promises');
+    const fh = await fs.open(tmpPath, 'w');
+    try {
+        await pipeline(Readable.from(response.Body), fh.createWriteStream());
+    }
+    finally {
+        await fh.close();
+    }
+    logger.info({ tmpPath }, 'App binary downloaded');
+    // For BrowserStack, upload the binary and return the bs:// URL
+    if (opts.deviceFarm === 'browserstack') {
+        return uploadToBrowserStack(tmpPath, opts);
+    }
+    return tmpPath;
 }
+/**
+ * Parse the Appium XML page source into a flat list of NativeElement records.
+ *
+ * Android UiAutomator2 XML looks like:
+ *   <node text="Login" resource-id="com.example:id/btn_login"
+ *         class="android.widget.Button" bounds="[100,400][980,520]"
+ *         clickable="true" enabled="true" />
+ *
+ * iOS XCUITest XML looks like:
+ *   <XCUIElementTypeButton name="Login" label="Login"
+ *         x="50" y="300" width="280" height="44"
+ *         enabled="true" visible="true" />
+ */
 function parseAccessibilityTree(xmlSource, platform) {
-  const elements = [];
-  if (platform === "windows") {
-    const WIN_INTERACTIVE = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set(["Button", "Edit", "ComboBox", "CheckBox", "RadioButton", "Slider", "ListItem", "MenuItem", "Hyperlink"]);
-    const nodeRegex = /<(\w+)\s([^>]*)\/>/g;
-    let match;
-    while ((match = nodeRegex.exec(xmlSource)) !== null) {
-      const typeName = match[1] ?? "";
-      if (!WIN_INTERACTIVE.has(typeName)) continue;
-      const attrs = match[2] ?? "";
-      const get = (name) => new RegExp(`\\b${name}="([^"]*)"`, "i").exec(attrs)?.[1] ?? "";
-      if (get("IsEnabled") === "false" || get("IsOffscreen") === "true") continue;
-      const label = get("Name") || get("AutomationId") || "";
-      if (!label) continue;
-      const role = winTypeToRole(typeName);
-      const brStr = get("BoundingRectangle");
-      const brMatch = /x:(\d+)\s+y:(\d+)\s+width:(\d+)\s+height:(\d+)/i.exec(brStr);
-      const bounds = brMatch ? { x: parseInt(brMatch[1]), y: parseInt(brMatch[2]), width: parseInt(brMatch[3]), height: parseInt(brMatch[4]) } : { x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 30 };
-      elements.push({ role, label, bounds, platform: "windows", className: typeName });
+    const elements = [];
+    if (platform === 'windows') {
+        // WinAppDriver returns UIAutomation XML like:
+        // <Button Name="OK" AutomationId="OkButton" IsEnabled="true" IsOffscreen="false"/>
+        const WIN_INTERACTIVE = new Set(['Button', 'Edit', 'ComboBox', 'CheckBox', 'RadioButton', 'Slider', 'ListItem', 'MenuItem', 'Hyperlink']);
+        const nodeRegex = /<(\w+)\s([^>]*)\/>/g;
+        let match;
+        while ((match = nodeRegex.exec(xmlSource)) !== null) {
+            const typeName = match[1] ?? '';
+            if (!WIN_INTERACTIVE.has(typeName))
+                continue;
+            const attrs = match[2] ?? '';
+            const get = (name) => new RegExp(`\\b${name}="([^"]*)"`, 'i').exec(attrs)?.[1] ?? '';
+            if (get('IsEnabled') === 'false' || get('IsOffscreen') === 'true')
+                continue;
+            const label = get('Name') || get('AutomationId') || '';
+            if (!label)
+                continue;
+            const role = winTypeToRole(typeName);
+            // BoundingRectangle="x:0 y:0 width:100 height:30" or similar
+            const brStr = get('BoundingRectangle');
+            const brMatch = /x:(\d+)\s+y:(\d+)\s+width:(\d+)\s+height:(\d+)/i.exec(brStr);
+            const bounds = brMatch
+                ? { x: parseInt(brMatch[1]), y: parseInt(brMatch[2]), width: parseInt(brMatch[3]), height: parseInt(brMatch[4]) }
+                : { x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 30 };
+            elements.push({ role, label, bounds, platform: 'windows', className: typeName });
+        }
     }
-  }
-  if (platform === "macos") {
-    const MAC_INTERACTIVE = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([
-      "XCUIElementTypeButton",
-      "XCUIElementTypeTextField",
-      "XCUIElementTypeSecureTextField",
-      "XCUIElementTypeCheckBox",
-      "XCUIElementTypeRadioButton",
-      "XCUIElementTypePopUpButton",
-      "XCUIElementTypeComboBox",
-      "XCUIElementTypeSlider",
-      "XCUIElementTypeMenuItem",
-      "XCUIElementTypeSearchField",
-      "XCUIElementTypeLink"
-    ]);
-    const nodeRegex = /<(XCUIElementType\w+)\s([^>]*)\/>/g;
-    let match;
-    while ((match = nodeRegex.exec(xmlSource)) !== null) {
-      const typeName = match[1] ?? "";
-      if (!MAC_INTERACTIVE.has(typeName)) continue;
-      const attrs = match[2] ?? "";
-      const get = (name) => new RegExp(`\\b${name}="([^"]*)"`, "i").exec(attrs)?.[1] ?? "";
-      if (get("enabled") === "false") continue;
-      const label = get("title") || get("label") || get("value") || "";
-      if (!label) continue;
-      const x = parseFloat(get("x") || "0");
-      const y = parseFloat(get("y") || "0");
-      const width = parseFloat(get("width") || "0");
-      const height = parseFloat(get("height") || "0");
-      const role = macTypeToRole(typeName);
-      elements.push({ role, label, bounds: { x, y, width, height }, platform: "macos", className: typeName });
+    if (platform === 'macos') {
+        const MAC_INTERACTIVE = new Set([
+            'XCUIElementTypeButton', 'XCUIElementTypeTextField', 'XCUIElementTypeSecureTextField',
+            'XCUIElementTypeCheckBox', 'XCUIElementTypeRadioButton', 'XCUIElementTypePopUpButton',
+            'XCUIElementTypeComboBox', 'XCUIElementTypeSlider', 'XCUIElementTypeMenuItem',
+            'XCUIElementTypeSearchField', 'XCUIElementTypeLink',
+        ]);
+        const nodeRegex = /<(XCUIElementType\w+)\s([^>]*)\/>/g;
+        let match;
+        while ((match = nodeRegex.exec(xmlSource)) !== null) {
+            const typeName = match[1] ?? '';
+            if (!MAC_INTERACTIVE.has(typeName))
+                continue;
+            const attrs = match[2] ?? '';
+            const get = (name) => new RegExp(`\\b${name}="([^"]*)"`, 'i').exec(attrs)?.[1] ?? '';
+            if (get('enabled') === 'false')
+                continue;
+            const label = get('title') || get('label') || get('value') || '';
+            if (!label)
+                continue;
+            const x = parseFloat(get('x') || '0');
+            const y = parseFloat(get('y') || '0');
+            const width = parseFloat(get('width') || '0');
+            const height = parseFloat(get('height') || '0');
+            const role = macTypeToRole(typeName);
+            elements.push({ role, label, bounds: { x, y, width, height }, platform: 'macos', className: typeName });
+        }
     }
-  }
-  if (platform === "android") {
-    const INTERACTIVE_CLASSES = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([
-      "android.widget.Button",
-      "android.widget.EditText",
-      "android.widget.CheckBox",
-      "android.widget.RadioButton",
-      "android.widget.Switch",
-      "android.widget.Spinner",
-      "android.widget.TextView",
-      // tappable text
-      "android.widget.ImageButton",
-      "android.widget.ToggleButton",
-      "androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView",
-      "com.google.android.material.bottomnavigation.BottomNavigationItemView",
-      "android.widget.ImageView"
-      // tappable images (nav icons)
-    ]);
-    const nodeRegex = /<node\s([^>]*)\/?>/g;
-    let match;
-    while ((match = nodeRegex.exec(xmlSource)) !== null) {
-      const attrs = match[1] ?? "";
-      const get = (name) => {
-        const m = new RegExp(`\\b${name}="([^"]*)"`, "i").exec(attrs);
-        return m ? m[1] ?? "" : "";
-      };
-      const className = get("class");
-      const clickable = get("clickable") === "true";
-      const enabled = get("enabled") === "true";
-      if (!enabled) continue;
-      if (!clickable && !INTERACTIVE_CLASSES.has(className)) continue;
-      const label = get("content-desc") || get("text") || get("resource-id").split("/").pop() || "";
-      if (!label) continue;
-      const resourceId = get("resource-id");
-      const boundsStr = get("bounds");
-      const bounds = parseAndroidBounds(boundsStr);
-      if (!bounds) continue;
-      const role = classToRole(className);
-      elements.push({ role, label, bounds, platform: "android", resourceId, className });
+    if (platform === 'android') {
+        // Match interactive node elements
+        const INTERACTIVE_CLASSES = new Set([
+            'android.widget.Button',
+            'android.widget.EditText',
+            'android.widget.CheckBox',
+            'android.widget.RadioButton',
+            'android.widget.Switch',
+            'android.widget.Spinner',
+            'android.widget.TextView', // tappable text
+            'android.widget.ImageButton',
+            'android.widget.ToggleButton',
+            'androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView',
+            'com.google.android.material.bottomnavigation.BottomNavigationItemView',
+            'android.widget.ImageView', // tappable images (nav icons)
+        ]);
+        // Simple regex-based node extraction — avoids adding an XML parser dependency.
+        // This is intentionally minimal; a full implementation would use a proper XML parser.
+        const nodeRegex = /<node\s([^>]*)\/?>/g;
+        let match;
+        while ((match = nodeRegex.exec(xmlSource)) !== null) {
+            const attrs = match[1] ?? '';
+            const get = (name) => {
+                const m = new RegExp(`\\b${name}="([^"]*)"`, 'i').exec(attrs);
+                return m ? m[1] ?? '' : '';
+            };
+            const className = get('class');
+            const clickable = get('clickable') === 'true';
+            const enabled = get('enabled') === 'true';
+            if (!enabled)
+                continue;
+            if (!clickable && !INTERACTIVE_CLASSES.has(className))
+                continue;
+            const label = get('content-desc') || get('text') || get('resource-id').split('/').pop() || '';
+            if (!label)
+                continue;
+            const resourceId = get('resource-id');
+            const boundsStr = get('bounds'); // "[x1,y1][x2,y2]"
+            const bounds = parseAndroidBounds(boundsStr);
+            if (!bounds)
+                continue;
+            const role = classToRole(className);
+            elements.push({ role, label, bounds, platform: 'android', resourceId, className });
+        }
     }
-  } else {
-    const INTERACTIVE_TYPES = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([
-      "XCUIElementTypeButton",
-      "XCUIElementTypeTextField",
-      "XCUIElementTypeSecureTextField",
-      "XCUIElementTypeSwitch",
-      "XCUIElementTypeSlider",
-      "XCUIElementTypeCheckBox",
-      "XCUIElementTypeRadioButton",
-      "XCUIElementTypePickerWheel",
-      "XCUIElementTypeSearchField",
-      "XCUIElementTypeCell",
-      "XCUIElementTypeLink",
-      "XCUIElementTypeTabBarItem",
-      "XCUIElementTypeNavigationBar"
-    ]);
-    const nodeRegex = /<(XCUIElementType\w+)\s([^>]*)\/>/g;
-    let match;
-    while ((match = nodeRegex.exec(xmlSource)) !== null) {
-      const typeName = match[1] ?? "";
-      if (!INTERACTIVE_TYPES.has(typeName)) continue;
-      const attrs = match[2] ?? "";
-      const get = (name) => {
-        const m = new RegExp(`\\b${name}="([^"]*)"`, "i").exec(attrs);
-        return m ? m[1] ?? "" : "";
-      };
-      if (get("enabled") === "false") continue;
-      const label = get("label") || get("name") || get("value") || "";
-      if (!label) continue;
-      const x = parseFloat(get("x") || "0");
-      const y = parseFloat(get("y") || "0");
-      const width = parseFloat(get("width") || "0");
-      const height = parseFloat(get("height") || "0");
-      if (width === 0 && height === 0) continue;
-      const role = xcuiTypeToRole(typeName);
-      elements.push({ role, label, bounds: { x, y, width, height }, platform: "ios", className: typeName });
+    else {
+        // iOS — XCUITest element types
+        const INTERACTIVE_TYPES = new Set([
+            'XCUIElementTypeButton',
+            'XCUIElementTypeTextField',
+            'XCUIElementTypeSecureTextField',
+            'XCUIElementTypeSwitch',
+            'XCUIElementTypeSlider',
+            'XCUIElementTypeCheckBox',
+            'XCUIElementTypeRadioButton',
+            'XCUIElementTypePickerWheel',
+            'XCUIElementTypeSearchField',
+            'XCUIElementTypeCell',
+            'XCUIElementTypeLink',
+            'XCUIElementTypeTabBarItem',
+            'XCUIElementTypeNavigationBar',
+        ]);
+        const nodeRegex = /<(XCUIElementType\w+)\s([^>]*)\/>/g;
+        let match;
+        while ((match = nodeRegex.exec(xmlSource)) !== null) {
+            const typeName = match[1] ?? '';
+            if (!INTERACTIVE_TYPES.has(typeName))
+                continue;
+            const attrs = match[2] ?? '';
+            const get = (name) => {
+                const m = new RegExp(`\\b${name}="([^"]*)"`, 'i').exec(attrs);
+                return m ? m[1] ?? '' : '';
+            };
+            if (get('enabled') === 'false')
+                continue;
+            const label = get('label') || get('name') || get('value') || '';
+            if (!label)
+                continue;
+            const x = parseFloat(get('x') || '0');
+            const y = parseFloat(get('y') || '0');
+            const width = parseFloat(get('width') || '0');
+            const height = parseFloat(get('height') || '0');
+            if (width === 0 && height === 0)
+                continue;
+            const role = xcuiTypeToRole(typeName);
+            elements.push({ role, label, bounds: { x, y, width, height }, platform: 'ios', className: typeName });
+        }
     }
-  }
-  return elements;
+    return elements;
 }
+/** Parse Android bounds string "[x1,y1][x2,y2]" → NativeBounds */
 function parseAndroidBounds(boundsStr) {
-  const m = /\[(\d+),(\d+)\]\[(\d+),(\d+)\]/.exec(boundsStr);
-  if (!m) return null;
-  const x1 = parseInt(m[1] ?? "0", 10);
-  const y1 = parseInt(m[2] ?? "0", 10);
-  const x2 = parseInt(m[3] ?? "0", 10);
-  const y2 = parseInt(m[4] ?? "0", 10);
-  return { x: x1, y: y1, width: x2 - x1, height: y2 - y1 };
+    const m = /\[(\d+),(\d+)\]\[(\d+),(\d+)\]/.exec(boundsStr);
+    if (!m)
+        return null;
+    const x1 = parseInt(m[1] ?? '0', 10);
+    const y1 = parseInt(m[2] ?? '0', 10);
+    const x2 = parseInt(m[3] ?? '0', 10);
+    const y2 = parseInt(m[4] ?? '0', 10);
+    return { x: x1, y: y1, width: x2 - x1, height: y2 - y1 };
 }
+/** Map Android widget class names to ZeTa element roles */
 function classToRole(className) {
-  if (className.includes("Button")) return "button";
-  if (className.includes("EditText")) return "input";
-  if (className.includes("CheckBox")) return "checkbox";
-  if (className.includes("RadioButton")) return "radio";
-  if (className.includes("Switch") || className.includes("Toggle")) return "switch";
-  if (className.includes("Spinner")) return "select";
-  if (className.includes("TextView")) return "text";
-  return className.split(".").pop()?.toLowerCase() ?? "unknown";
+    if (className.includes('Button'))
+        return 'button';
+    if (className.includes('EditText'))
+        return 'input';
+    if (className.includes('CheckBox'))
+        return 'checkbox';
+    if (className.includes('RadioButton'))
+        return 'radio';
+    if (className.includes('Switch') || className.includes('Toggle'))
+        return 'switch';
+    if (className.includes('Spinner'))
+        return 'select';
+    if (className.includes('TextView'))
+        return 'text';
+    return className.split('.').pop()?.toLowerCase() ?? 'unknown';
 }
+/** Map XCUITest element type strings to ZeTa element roles */
 function xcuiTypeToRole(xcuiType) {
-  if (xcuiType.includes("Button")) return "button";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("TextField")) return "input";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("SecureTextField")) return "input";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("Switch")) return "switch";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("Slider")) return "slider";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("CheckBox")) return "checkbox";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("RadioButton")) return "radio";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("PickerWheel")) return "select";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("SearchField")) return "input";
-  return xcuiType.replace("XCUIElementType", "").toLowerCase();
+    if (xcuiType.includes('Button'))
+        return 'button';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('TextField'))
+        return 'input';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('SecureTextField'))
+        return 'input';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('Switch'))
+        return 'switch';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('Slider'))
+        return 'slider';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('CheckBox'))
+        return 'checkbox';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('RadioButton'))
+        return 'radio';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('PickerWheel'))
+        return 'select';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('SearchField'))
+        return 'input';
+    return xcuiType.replace('XCUIElementType', '').toLowerCase();
 }
+/** Map WinAppDriver UIAutomation element type names to ZeTa element roles */
 function winTypeToRole(winType) {
-  if (winType === "Button") return "button";
-  if (winType === "Edit") return "input";
-  if (winType === "ComboBox") return "select";
-  if (winType === "CheckBox") return "checkbox";
-  if (winType === "RadioButton") return "radio";
-  if (winType === "Slider") return "slider";
-  if (winType === "ListItem") return "option";
-  if (winType === "MenuItem") return "menuitem";
-  if (winType === "Hyperlink") return "link";
-  return winType.toLowerCase();
+    if (winType === 'Button')
+        return 'button';
+    if (winType === 'Edit')
+        return 'input';
+    if (winType === 'ComboBox')
+        return 'select';
+    if (winType === 'CheckBox')
+        return 'checkbox';
+    if (winType === 'RadioButton')
+        return 'radio';
+    if (winType === 'Slider')
+        return 'slider';
+    if (winType === 'ListItem')
+        return 'option';
+    if (winType === 'MenuItem')
+        return 'menuitem';
+    if (winType === 'Hyperlink')
+        return 'link';
+    return winType.toLowerCase();
 }
+/** Map Mac2Driver XCUIElementType strings to ZeTa element roles */
 function macTypeToRole(xcuiType) {
-  if (xcuiType.includes("Button")) return "button";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("SecureTextField")) return "input";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("TextField")) return "input";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("CheckBox")) return "checkbox";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("RadioButton")) return "radio";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("PopUpButton")) return "select";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("ComboBox")) return "select";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("Slider")) return "slider";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("MenuItem")) return "menuitem";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("SearchField")) return "input";
-  if (xcuiType.includes("Link")) return "link";
-  return xcuiType.replace("XCUIElementType", "").toLowerCase();
+    if (xcuiType.includes('Button'))
+        return 'button';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('SecureTextField'))
+        return 'input';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('TextField'))
+        return 'input';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('CheckBox'))
+        return 'checkbox';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('RadioButton'))
+        return 'radio';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('PopUpButton'))
+        return 'select';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('ComboBox'))
+        return 'select';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('Slider'))
+        return 'slider';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('MenuItem'))
+        return 'menuitem';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('SearchField'))
+        return 'input';
+    if (xcuiType.includes('Link'))
+        return 'link';
+    return xcuiType.replace('XCUIElementType', '').toLowerCase();
 }
+// ─── Gap 1: Native Auth ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+/** Detect if the current screen is a login/auth screen and fill credentials. */
 async function attemptNativeLogin(driver, platform, credentials) {
-  try {
-    const pageXml = await driver.getPageSource();
-    const elements = parseAccessibilityTree(pageXml, platform);
-    const inputEls = elements.filter((e) => e.role === "input");
-    if (inputEls.length === 0) return false;
-    const isPasswordField = (e) => e.className?.toLowerCase().includes("secure") || e.className?.toLowerCase().includes("password") || e.label?.toLowerCase().match(/password|passcode|pin|secret/i) != null;
-    const hasPasswordInput = elements.some(isPasswordField);
-    if (!hasPasswordInput && inputEls.length < 2) return false;
-    logger.info({ platform }, "Native auth: login screen detected \u2014 filling credentials");
-    const unLabel = credentials.usernameFieldLabel?.toLowerCase() ?? "";
-    const usernameEl = inputEls.find((e) => {
-      if (isPasswordField(e)) return false;
-      if (unLabel) return e.label?.toLowerCase().includes(unLabel);
-      return e.label?.toLowerCase().match(/email|username|user|login|phone|mobile/i) != null || true;
-    }) ?? inputEls[0];
-    if (usernameEl && credentials.username) {
-      const uSelector = usernameEl.resourceId ? `id=${usernameEl.resourceId}` : `~${usernameEl.label}`;
-      try {
-        const uEl = await driver.$(uSelector);
-        await uEl.click();
-        await driver.pause(300);
-        await uEl.clearValue();
-        await uEl.setValue(credentials.username);
-      } catch {
-      }
-    }
-    const pwEl = elements.find(isPasswordField);
-    if (pwEl && credentials.password) {
-      const pSelector = pwEl.resourceId ? `id=${pwEl.resourceId}` : `~${pwEl.label}`;
-      try {
-        const pEl = await driver.$(pSelector);
-        await pEl.click();
-        await driver.pause(300);
-        await pEl.clearValue();
-        await pEl.setValue(credentials.password);
-      } catch {
-      }
-    }
     try {
-      await driver.hideKeyboard();
-    } catch {
+        const pageXml = await driver.getPageSource();
+        const elements = parseAccessibilityTree(pageXml, platform);
+        const inputEls = elements.filter((e) => e.role === 'input');
+        if (inputEls.length === 0)
+            return false;
+        // Detect login screen heuristic: has at least one text input and one
+        // "password" input (SecureTextField on iOS, password type on Android)
+        const isPasswordField = (e) => e.className?.toLowerCase().includes('secure') ||
+            e.className?.toLowerCase().includes('password') ||
+            e.label?.toLowerCase().match(/password|passcode|pin|secret/i) != null;
+        const hasPasswordInput = elements.some(isPasswordField);
+        if (!hasPasswordInput && inputEls.length < 2)
+            return false;
+        logger.info({ platform }, 'Native auth: login screen detected — filling credentials');
+        // Fill username field: first non-password input
+        const unLabel = credentials.usernameFieldLabel?.toLowerCase() ?? '';
+        const usernameEl = inputEls.find((e) => {
+            if (isPasswordField(e))
+                return false;
+            if (unLabel)
+                return e.label?.toLowerCase().includes(unLabel);
+            return e.label?.toLowerCase().match(/email|username|user|login|phone|mobile/i) != null || true;
+        }) ?? inputEls[0];
+        if (usernameEl && credentials.username) {
+            const uSelector = usernameEl.resourceId
+                ? `id=${usernameEl.resourceId}`
+                : `~${usernameEl.label}`;
+            try {
+                const uEl = await driver.$(uSelector);
+                await uEl.click();
+                await driver.pause(300);
+                await uEl.clearValue();
+                await uEl.setValue(credentials.username);
+            }
+            catch { /* non-fatal */ }
+        }
+        // Fill password field
+        const pwEl = elements.find(isPasswordField);
+        if (pwEl && credentials.password) {
+            const pSelector = pwEl.resourceId ? `id=${pwEl.resourceId}` : `~${pwEl.label}`;
+            try {
+                const pEl = await driver.$(pSelector);
+                await pEl.click();
+                await driver.pause(300);
+                await pEl.clearValue();
+                await pEl.setValue(credentials.password);
+            }
+            catch { /* non-fatal */ }
+        }
+        // Dismiss keyboard then tap login button
+        try {
+            await driver.hideKeyboard();
+        }
+        catch { /* not always available */ }
+        await driver.pause(500);
+        const loginLabel = credentials.loginButtonLabel ?? '';
+        const loginBtn = elements.find((e) => e.role === 'button' &&
+            (loginLabel
+                ? e.label?.toLowerCase().includes(loginLabel.toLowerCase())
+                : e.label?.toLowerCase().match(/log\s?in|sign\s?in|submit|continue|next|connect/i) != null));
+        if (loginBtn) {
+            const btnSelector = loginBtn.resourceId ? `id=${loginBtn.resourceId}` : `~${loginBtn.label}`;
+            try {
+                await driver.$(btnSelector).click();
+                await driver.pause(3000); // wait for auth response
+                logger.info({ platform }, 'Native auth: login button tapped — waiting for app');
+                return true;
+            }
+            catch { /* non-fatal */ }
+        }
+        return false;
     }
-    await driver.pause(500);
-    const loginLabel = credentials.loginButtonLabel ?? "";
-    const loginBtn = elements.find(
-      (e) => e.role === "button" && (loginLabel ? e.label?.toLowerCase().includes(loginLabel.toLowerCase()) : e.label?.toLowerCase().match(/log\s?in|sign\s?in|submit|continue|next|connect/i) != null)
-    );
-    if (loginBtn) {
-      const btnSelector = loginBtn.resourceId ? `id=${loginBtn.resourceId}` : `~${loginBtn.label}`;
-      try {
-        await driver.$(btnSelector).click();
-        await driver.pause(3e3);
-        logger.info({ platform }, "Native auth: login button tapped \u2014 waiting for app");
-        return true;
-      } catch {
-      }
+    catch (err) {
+        logger.warn({ err }, 'Native auth attempt failed — continuing without login');
+        return false;
     }
-    return false;
-  } catch (err) {
-    logger.warn({ err }, "Native auth attempt failed \u2014 continuing without login");
-    return false;
-  }
 }
+// ─── Gap 3: Gesture Navigation ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+/** Perform a swipe gesture on the screen. */
 async function performSwipe(driver, platform, direction) {
-  try {
-    const size = await driver.getWindowSize();
-    const { width: W, height: H } = size;
-    const midX = Math.round(W / 2);
-    const midY = Math.round(H / 2);
-    if (platform === "android") {
-      const startX = direction === "left" ? Math.round(W * 0.8) : direction === "right" ? Math.round(W * 0.2) : midX;
-      const startY = direction === "up" ? Math.round(H * 0.8) : direction === "down" ? Math.round(H * 0.2) : midY;
-      const endX = direction === "left" ? Math.round(W * 0.2) : direction === "right" ? Math.round(W * 0.8) : midX;
-      const endY = direction === "up" ? Math.round(H * 0.2) : direction === "down" ? Math.round(H * 0.8) : midY;
-      await driver.touchAction([
-        { action: "press", x: startX, y: startY },
-        { action: "wait", ms: 300 },
-        { action: "moveTo", x: endX, y: endY },
-        { action: "release" }
-      ]);
-    } else if (platform === "ios") {
-      await driver.execute("mobile: swipe", { direction });
-    } else {
-      await driver.execute("mobile: scroll", { direction });
+    try {
+        const size = await driver.getWindowSize();
+        const { width: W, height: H } = size;
+        const midX = Math.round(W / 2);
+        const midY = Math.round(H / 2);
+        if (platform === 'android') {
+            // Use W3C actions for Android
+            const startX = direction === 'left' ? Math.round(W * 0.8) : direction === 'right' ? Math.round(W * 0.2) : midX;
+            const startY = direction === 'up' ? Math.round(H * 0.8) : direction === 'down' ? Math.round(H * 0.2) : midY;
+            const endX = direction === 'left' ? Math.round(W * 0.2) : direction === 'right' ? Math.round(W * 0.8) : midX;
+            const endY = direction === 'up' ? Math.round(H * 0.2) : direction === 'down' ? Math.round(H * 0.8) : midY;
+            await driver.touchAction([
+                { action: 'press', x: startX, y: startY },
+                { action: 'wait', ms: 300 },
+                { action: 'moveTo', x: endX, y: endY },
+                { action: 'release' },
+            ]);
+        }
+        else if (platform === 'ios') {
+            await driver.execute('mobile: swipe', { direction });
+        }
+        else {
+            // Windows/macOS: use pointer actions
+            await driver.execute('mobile: scroll', { direction });
+        }
+        await driver.pause(500);
     }
-    await driver.pause(500);
-  } catch {
-  }
+    catch { /* gesture not supported on this platform/driver — non-fatal */ }
 }
+/** Long-press an element by its selector. */
 async function performLongPress(driver, selector, durationMs = 1200) {
-  try {
-    const el = await driver.$(selector);
-    await driver.touchAction([
-      { action: "longPress", element: el, ms: durationMs },
-      { action: "release" }
-    ]);
-    await driver.pause(600);
-  } catch {
-  }
+    try {
+        const el = await driver.$(selector);
+        await driver.touchAction([
+            { action: 'longPress', element: el, ms: durationMs },
+            { action: 'release' },
+        ]);
+        await driver.pause(600);
+    }
+    catch { /* non-fatal */ }
 }
+// ─── Gap 2: Vision Fallback ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+/** When the accessibility tree yields zero interactive elements, use LLM vision to describe the screen. */
 async function visionFallbackDescribeScreen(screenshotBase64, llmConfig) {
-  try {
-    const Anthropic = (await import("@anthropic-ai/sdk")).default;
-    if (!llmConfig.apiKey) throw new Error("No LLM API key configured. Configure an Anthropic key in Workspace \u2192 Settings \u2192 AI Provider.");
-    const client = new Anthropic({ apiKey: llmConfig.apiKey });
-    const response = await client.messages.create({
-      model: llmConfig.model ?? "claude-haiku-4-5-20251001",
-      max_tokens: 512,
-      messages: [{
-        role: "user",
-        content: [
-          { type: "image", source: { type: "base64", media_type: "image/png", data: screenshotBase64 } },
-          { type: "text", text: 'This is a screenshot from a mobile app. The accessibility tree returned no elements. Describe what you see on screen in 1-2 sentences, then list ALL interactive UI elements (buttons, inputs, links, toggles) as JSON: [{"role":"button","label":"Sign In"},...]' }
-        ]
-      }]
-    });
-    const text = response.content[0]?.text ?? "";
-    const jsonMatch = text.match(/\[[\s\S]*\]/);
-    const elements = jsonMatch ? JSON.parse(jsonMatch[0]) : [];
-    return { screenDescription: text.split("[")[0]?.trim() ?? "", suggestedElements: elements };
-  } catch (err) {
-    logger.warn({ err }, "Vision fallback LLM call failed");
-  }
-  return { screenDescription: "Screen captured (accessibility tree empty \u2014 vision fallback unavailable)", suggestedElements: [] };
+    try {
+        const Anthropic = (await import('@anthropic-ai/sdk')).default;
+        if (!llmConfig.apiKey)
+            throw new Error('No LLM API key configured. Configure an Anthropic key in Workspace → Settings → AI Provider.');
+        const client = new Anthropic({ apiKey: llmConfig.apiKey });
+        const response = await client.messages.create({
+            model: llmConfig.model ?? 'claude-haiku-4-5-20251001',
+            max_tokens: 512,
+            messages: [{
+                    role: 'user',
+                    content: [
+                        { type: 'image', source: { type: 'base64', media_type: 'image/png', data: screenshotBase64 } },
+                        { type: 'text', text: 'This is a screenshot from a mobile app. The accessibility tree returned no elements. Describe what you see on screen in 1-2 sentences, then list ALL interactive UI elements (buttons, inputs, links, toggles) as JSON: [{"role":"button","label":"Sign In"},...]' },
+                    ],
+                }],
+        });
+        const text = response.content[0]?.text ?? '';
+        const jsonMatch = text.match(/\[[\s\S]*\]/);
+        const elements = jsonMatch ? JSON.parse(jsonMatch[0]) : [];
+        return { screenDescription: text.split('[')[0]?.trim() ?? '', suggestedElements: elements };
+    }
+    catch (err) {
+        logger.warn({ err }, 'Vision fallback LLM call failed');
+    }
+    return { screenDescription: 'Screen captured (accessibility tree empty — vision fallback unavailable)', suggestedElements: [] };
 }
+// ─── Gap 4: MITM Proxy API Capture ───────────────────────────────────────────
+/** Start a lightweight proxy server to intercept native app API traffic. */
 async function startMitmProxy(port) {
-  const captured = [];
-  try {
-    const net = await import("net");
-    const server = net.createServer((socket) => {
-      socket.once("data", (data) => {
-        const raw = data.toString("utf8", 0, 512);
-        const match = /^(GET|POST|PUT|DELETE|PATCH|HEAD)\s+(https?:\/\/[^\s]+)/i.exec(raw);
-        if (match) captured.push({ method: match[1], url: match[2] });
-        socket.destroy();
-      });
-    });
-    server.listen(port, "127.0.0.1");
-    const stop = () => server.close();
-    logger.info({ port }, "MITM proxy listener started (connection-level only \u2014 install device trust cert for full interception)");
-    return { captured, stop };
-  } catch (err) {
-    logger.warn({ err }, "MITM proxy start failed \u2014 API capture disabled");
-    return { captured, stop: () => {
-    } };
-  }
+    const captured = [];
+    try {
+        const net = await import('net');
+        // Simple TCP intercept marker — full MITM requires SSL cert installation on device.
+        // This records connection attempts; full response interception requires device trust cert.
+        const server = net.createServer((socket) => {
+            socket.once('data', (data) => {
+                const raw = data.toString('utf8', 0, 512);
+                const match = /^(GET|POST|PUT|DELETE|PATCH|HEAD)\s+(https?:\/\/[^\s]+)/i.exec(raw);
+                if (match)
+                    captured.push({ method: match[1], url: match[2] });
+                socket.destroy();
+            });
+        });
+        server.listen(port, '127.0.0.1');
+        const stop = () => server.close();
+        logger.info({ port }, 'MITM proxy listener started (connection-level only — install device trust cert for full interception)');
+        return { captured, stop };
+    }
+    catch (err) {
+        logger.warn({ err }, 'MITM proxy start failed — API capture disabled');
+        return { captured, stop: () => { } };
+    }
 }
+/** Update the PlatformJob status/progress in DB — non-fatal. */
 async function updateProgress(tenantId, jobId, progress, step) {
-  try {
-    await withTenant(
-      tenantId,
-      (tx) => tx.platformJob.update({
-        where: { id: jobId },
-        data: { progress, result: { step } }
-      })
-    );
-  } catch (err) {
-    logger.warn({ err }, "Failed to update job progress (non-fatal)");
-  }
-}
-async function runNativeCrawl(opts) {
-  const { tenantId, projectId, jobId, platform } = opts;
-  const screenshotDir = path.join(config.screenshotDir, projectId);
-  await fs.mkdir(screenshotDir, { recursive: true });
-  let tmpAppPath = null;
-  await withTenant(
-    tenantId,
-    (tx) => tx.platformJob.update({
-      where: { id: jobId },
-      data: { status: "RUNNING", startedAt: /* @__PURE__ */ new Date() }
-    })
-  );
-  const tenantStorageCfg = await getTenantStorageConfig(tenantId).catch(() => null);
-  try {
-    await updateProgress(tenantId, jobId, 5, "Downloading app binary");
-    tmpAppPath = await downloadAppFromS3(opts.appS3Path, platform, opts, tenantStorageCfg);
-    await updateProgress(tenantId, jobId, 10, "Building Appium session capabilities");
-    const capabilities = buildCapabilities(opts, tmpAppPath);
-    await updateProgress(tenantId, jobId, 15, "Starting Appium session");
-    const appiumServerUrl = opts.appiumServerUrl ?? process.env.APPIUM_SERVER_URL ?? "http://127.0.0.1:4723";
     try {
-      const probe = await fetch(`${appiumServerUrl}/status`, { signal: AbortSignal.timeout(5e3) });
-      if (!probe.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${probe.status}`);
-    } catch (e) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `Appium server at ${appiumServerUrl} is not reachable (${e.message}). Start it with: cd /opt/zeta-ai && docker compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml -f docker-compose.appium.yml up -d appium`
-      );
+        await withTenant(tenantId, (tx) => tx.platformJob.update({
+            where: { id: jobId },
+            data: { progress, result: { step } },
+        }));
     }
-    const wdio = await import("webdriverio");
-    const driver = await wdio.remote({
-      hostname: new URL(appiumServerUrl).hostname,
-      port: parseInt(new URL(appiumServerUrl).port || "4723", 10),
-      path: "/",
-      capabilities,
-      logLevel: "warn"
-    });
-    logger.info({ platform, deviceFarm: opts.deviceFarm }, "Appium session started");
+    catch (err) {
+        logger.warn({ err }, 'Failed to update job progress (non-fatal)');
+    }
+}
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Main export
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ * Run a native app crawl session via Appium.
+ *
+ * Flow:
+ *   1. Download APK/IPA from S3 to local temp dir
+ *   2. Build Appium WebDriverIO capabilities for the target platform
+ *   3. Create WebDriverIO remote session (Appium server at APPIUM_SERVER_URL)
+ *   4. For each discovered screen:
+ *      a. Get page source XML → parse elements
+ *      b. Take screenshot → save to screenshotDir → persist via AppBrain
+ *      c. Save screen + elements to DB
+ *      d. Tap nav elements to discover next screens
+ *   5. Update PlatformJob as DONE (or FAILED on error)
+ */
+export async function runNativeCrawl(opts) {
+    const { tenantId, projectId, jobId, platform } = opts;
+    const screenshotDir = path.join(config.screenshotDir, projectId);
+    await fs.mkdir(screenshotDir, { recursive: true });
+    let tmpAppPath = null;
+    // Mark job RUNNING
+    await withTenant(tenantId, (tx) => tx.platformJob.update({
+        where: { id: jobId },
+        data: { status: 'RUNNING', startedAt: new Date() },
+    }));
+    const tenantStorageCfg = await getTenantStorageConfig(tenantId).catch(() => null);
     try {
-      const sessionId = driver.sessionId;
-      await withTenant(
-        tenantId,
-        (tx) => tx.platformJob.update({
-          where: { id: jobId },
-          data: { appiumSessionId: sessionId }
-        })
-      );
-      await updateProgress(tenantId, jobId, 20, "App launched \u2014 extracting initial screen");
-      let mitmStop = null;
-      const mitmCaptured = [];
-      if (opts.mitmProxyPort) {
-        const mitm = await startMitmProxy(opts.mitmProxyPort);
-        mitmStop = mitm.stop;
-        mitmCaptured.push(...mitm.captured);
-      }
-      await driver.pause(2e3);
-      if (opts.credentials?.username && opts.credentials?.password) {
-        const loggedIn = await attemptNativeLogin(driver, platform, opts.credentials);
-        if (loggedIn) await driver.pause(2500);
-      }
-      const MAX_SCREENS = 30;
-      let screensFound = 0;
-      const tappedSelectors = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
-      for (let i = 0; i < MAX_SCREENS; i++) {
-        const pct = 20 + Math.round(i / MAX_SCREENS * 60);
-        await updateProgress(tenantId, jobId, pct, `Capturing screen ${i + 1}`);
-        let screenName = `Screen ${i + 1}`;
+        // ── Step 1: Download app binary from S3 / R2 ────────────────────────────
+        await updateProgress(tenantId, jobId, 5, 'Downloading app binary');
+        tmpAppPath = await downloadAppFromS3(opts.appS3Path, platform, opts, tenantStorageCfg);
+        // ── Step 2: Build Appium capabilities ───────────────────────────────────
+        await updateProgress(tenantId, jobId, 10, 'Building Appium session capabilities');
+        const capabilities = buildCapabilities(opts, tmpAppPath);
+        // ── Step 3: Start WebDriverIO session ───────────────────────────────────
+        // TODO: add "webdriverio": "^9.x" to packages/crawler/package.json
+        // TODO: requires Appium server running at APPIUM_SERVER_URL env var
+        await updateProgress(tenantId, jobId, 15, 'Starting Appium session');
+        const appiumServerUrl = opts.appiumServerUrl ?? process.env.APPIUM_SERVER_URL ?? 'http://127.0.0.1:4723';
+        // Pre-check connectivity before wdio throws an opaque EAI_AGAIN
         try {
-          if (platform === "android") {
-            const activity = await driver.getCurrentActivity();
-            screenName = activity.split(".").pop() ?? screenName;
-          } else if (platform === "ios") {
-            const titleEl = await driver.$("~NavigationBarTitle").catch(() => null);
-            if (titleEl) {
-              const titleText = await titleEl.getText().catch(() => "");
-              if (titleText) screenName = titleText;
-            }
-          } else {
-            const winTitle = await driver.getTitle().catch(() => "");
-            if (winTitle) screenName = winTitle;
-          }
-        } catch {
+            const probe = await fetch(`${appiumServerUrl}/status`, { signal: AbortSignal.timeout(5000) });
+            if (!probe.ok)
+                throw new Error(`HTTP ${probe.status}`);
         }
-        const screenshotBase64 = await driver.takeScreenshot();
-        const screenshotBuffer = Buffer.from(screenshotBase64, "base64");
-        let screenshotBuf = screenshotBuffer;
-        try {
-          const sharp = (await import("sharp")).default;
-          const meta = await sharp(screenshotBuffer).metadata();
-          const logicalSize = await driver.getWindowSize().catch(() => ({ width: meta.width ?? 0, height: meta.height ?? 0 }));
-          const physW = meta.width ?? 0;
-          const logW = logicalSize.width;
-          if (physW > 0 && logW > 0 && physW > logW) {
-            const logH = Math.round((meta.height ?? physW) * (logW / physW));
-            screenshotBuf = Buffer.from(await sharp(screenshotBuffer).resize(logW, logH, { fit: "fill" }).png().toBuffer());
-          }
-        } catch {
-        }
-        const screen = await AppBrain.saveScreen(tenantId, projectId, screenName);
-        const shotPath = path.join(screenshotDir, `${screen.id}-native-v${screen.version}.png`);
-        await fs.writeFile(shotPath, screenshotBuf);
-        await AppBrain.saveScreenshot(tenantId, projectId, screen.id, shotPath, screen.version, "NATIVE");
-        if (tenantStorageCfg) {
-          const s3Key = `${tenantId}/${projectId}/screenshots/${screen.id}-native-v${screen.version}.png`;
-          await uploadScreenshotToTenantStorage(tenantStorageCfg, shotPath, s3Key).catch(() => {
-          });
+        catch (e) {
+            throw new Error(`Appium server at ${appiumServerUrl} is not reachable (${e.message}). ` +
+                `Start it with: cd /opt/zeta-ai && docker compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml -f docker-compose.appium.yml up -d appium`);
         }
+        // TODO: add "webdriverio": "^9.x" to packages/crawler/package.json before deploying.
+        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+        const wdio = await import('webdriverio');
+        const driver = await wdio.remote({
+            hostname: new URL(appiumServerUrl).hostname,
+            port: parseInt(new URL(appiumServerUrl).port || '4723', 10),
+            path: '/',
+            capabilities: capabilities,
+            logLevel: 'warn',
+        });
+        logger.info({ platform, deviceFarm: opts.deviceFarm }, 'Appium session started');
         try {
-          if (platform === "android") {
-            await driver.execute("mobile: scroll", { direction: "down" });
-          } else if (platform === "ios") {
-            await driver.execute("mobile: scroll", { direction: "down", element: null });
-          }
-          await driver.pause(400);
-        } catch {
-        }
-        const pageXml = await driver.getPageSource();
-        const nativeElements = parseAccessibilityTree(pageXml, platform);
-        try {
-          if (platform === "android") {
-            await driver.execute("mobile: scroll", { direction: "up" });
-          } else if (platform === "ios") {
-            await driver.execute("mobile: scroll", { direction: "up", element: null });
-          }
-          await driver.pause(300);
-        } catch {
-        }
-        logger.info({ screenName, elements: nativeElements.length }, "Native screen parsed");
-        if (nativeElements.length === 0 && opts.visionLlmConfig) {
-          logger.info({ screenName }, "Empty accessibility tree \u2014 triggering vision LLM fallback");
-          const { suggestedElements } = await visionFallbackDescribeScreen(screenshotBase64, opts.visionLlmConfig);
-          for (const el of suggestedElements) {
-            nativeElements.push({
-              role: el.role,
-              label: el.label,
-              resourceId: "",
-              className: "",
-              bounds: { x: 0, y: 0, width: 0, height: 0 },
-              platform
-            });
-          }
-        }
-        for (const el of nativeElements) {
-          const boundingRect = {
-            x: Math.round(el.bounds.x),
-            y: Math.round(el.bounds.y),
-            width: Math.round(el.bounds.width),
-            height: Math.round(el.bounds.height)
-          };
-          const notes = JSON.stringify({
-            ...el.resourceId ? { resourceId: el.resourceId } : {},
-            ...el.className ? { className: el.className } : {},
-            platform: el.platform
-          });
-          await AppBrain.saveElement(
-            tenantId,
-            projectId,
-            screen.id,
-            el.label,
-            // meaning
-            el.role,
-            void 0,
-            // expectedData
-            notes,
-            void 0,
-            // text
-            true,
-            // isInteractive
-            boundingRect,
-            void 0,
-            // ariaState
-            void 0,
-            // parentLandmark
-            "NATIVE"
-            // viewport
-          );
-        }
-        screensFound++;
-        const navElements = nativeElements.filter(
-          (el) => ["button", "text"].includes(el.role) || el.label?.match(/menu|home|back|next|continue|tab|nav|dashboard|settings|profile|more|list|search|help|about/i)
-        );
-        for (const navEl of navElements.slice(0, 15)) {
-          if (screensFound >= MAX_SCREENS) break;
-          try {
-            let selector;
-            if (platform === "android" && navEl.resourceId) {
-              selector = `id=${navEl.resourceId}`;
-            } else if (navEl.label) {
-              selector = `~${navEl.label}`;
-            } else {
-              continue;
+            // Update DB with Appium session ID
+            const sessionId = driver.sessionId;
+            await withTenant(tenantId, (tx) => tx.platformJob.update({
+                where: { id: jobId },
+                data: { appiumSessionId: sessionId },
+            }));
+            // ── Step 4: Crawl screens ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+            await updateProgress(tenantId, jobId, 20, 'App launched — extracting initial screen');
+            // Gap 4: Start MITM proxy for API traffic capture
+            let mitmStop = null;
+            const mitmCaptured = [];
+            if (opts.mitmProxyPort) {
+                const mitm = await startMitmProxy(opts.mitmProxyPort);
+                mitmStop = mitm.stop;
+                mitmCaptured.push(...mitm.captured);
             }
-            if (tappedSelectors.has(selector)) continue;
-            tappedSelectors.add(selector);
-            let preActivity = "";
-            try {
-              if (platform === "android") {
-                preActivity = await driver.getCurrentActivity();
-              } else {
-                preActivity = await driver.getTitle();
-              }
-            } catch {
+            // Allow the app to reach its initial state
+            await driver.pause(2000);
+            // Gap 1: Attempt native login before BFS begins
+            if (opts.credentials?.username && opts.credentials?.password) {
+                const loggedIn = await attemptNativeLogin(driver, platform, opts.credentials);
+                if (loggedIn)
+                    await driver.pause(2500); // wait for post-login navigation
             }
-            await driver.$(selector).click();
-            await driver.pause(1500);
-            if (platform === "android") {
-              try {
-                const logs = await driver.getLogs("logcat");
-                const crashLog = logs.find(
-                  (l) => typeof l.message === "string" && /FATAL EXCEPTION|Process.*has died|ANR in/i.test(l.message)
-                );
-                if (crashLog) {
-                  logger.error({ jobId, crash: String(crashLog.message).slice(0, 500) }, "App crash detected during crawl");
-                  break;
+            // Capture launch screen then navigate forward via discoverable nav elements.
+            const MAX_SCREENS = 30;
+            let screensFound = 0;
+            const tappedSelectors = new Set();
+            for (let i = 0; i < MAX_SCREENS; i++) {
+                const pct = 20 + Math.round((i / MAX_SCREENS) * 60);
+                await updateProgress(tenantId, jobId, pct, `Capturing screen ${i + 1}`);
+                // a. Get screen title / name heuristic
+                let screenName = `Screen ${i + 1}`;
+                try {
+                    // Android: use current activity name; iOS: use app title from accessibility tree
+                    // Windows/macOS: use driver.getTitle() for the window title
+                    if (platform === 'android') {
+                        const activity = await driver.getCurrentActivity();
+                        screenName = activity.split('.').pop() ?? screenName;
+                    }
+                    else if (platform === 'ios') {
+                        // iOS: attempt to read the navigation bar title
+                        const titleEl = await driver.$('~NavigationBarTitle').catch(() => null);
+                        if (titleEl) {
+                            const titleText = await titleEl.getText().catch(() => '');
+                            if (titleText)
+                                screenName = titleText;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        // windows / macos: use window title
+                        const winTitle = await driver.getTitle().catch(() => '');
+                        if (winTitle)
+                            screenName = winTitle;
+                    }
                 }
-              } catch {
-              }
-            }
-            if (platform === "ios") {
-              const crashLogs = await driver.getLogs("crashlog").catch(() => []);
-              if (crashLogs.length > 0 && crashLogs.some((l) => l.message?.includes("Exception") || l.message?.includes("crash"))) {
-                logger.warn({ screenName }, "iOS crash log detected \u2014 stopping crawl");
-                break;
-              }
-            }
-            let postActivity = "";
-            try {
-              if (platform === "android") {
-                postActivity = await driver.getCurrentActivity();
-              } else {
-                postActivity = await driver.getTitle();
-              }
-            } catch {
-            }
-            if (postActivity === preActivity) continue;
-            if (screensFound >= MAX_SCREENS) break;
-            const newScreenName = postActivity ? postActivity.split(".").pop() ?? `Screen ${screensFound + 1}` : `Screen ${screensFound + 1}`;
-            const newScreenshot = await driver.takeScreenshot();
-            const newScreen = await AppBrain.saveScreen(tenantId, projectId, newScreenName);
-            const newShotPath = path.join(screenshotDir, `${newScreen.id}-native-v${newScreen.version}.png`);
-            await fs.writeFile(newShotPath, Buffer.from(newScreenshot, "base64"));
-            await AppBrain.saveScreenshot(tenantId, projectId, newScreen.id, newShotPath, newScreen.version, "NATIVE");
-            if (tenantStorageCfg) {
-              const s3Key = `${tenantId}/${projectId}/screenshots/${newScreen.id}-native-v${newScreen.version}.png`;
-              await uploadScreenshotToTenantStorage(tenantStorageCfg, newShotPath, s3Key).catch(() => {
-              });
-            }
-            const newXml = await driver.getPageSource();
-            const newElements = parseAccessibilityTree(newXml, platform);
-            for (const el of newElements) {
-              await AppBrain.saveElement(
-                tenantId,
-                projectId,
-                newScreen.id,
-                el.label,
-                el.role,
-                void 0,
-                JSON.stringify({ ...el.resourceId ? { resourceId: el.resourceId } : {}, ...el.className ? { className: el.className } : {}, platform: el.platform }),
-                void 0,
-                true,
-                { x: Math.round(el.bounds.x), y: Math.round(el.bounds.y), width: Math.round(el.bounds.width), height: Math.round(el.bounds.height) },
-                void 0,
-                void 0,
-                "NATIVE"
-              );
+                catch { /* non-fatal — use default name */ }
+                // b. Take screenshot
+                const screenshotBase64 = await driver.takeScreenshot();
+                const screenshotBuffer = Buffer.from(screenshotBase64, 'base64');
+                // DPR normalization: resize physical pixels → logical pixels
+                let screenshotBuf = screenshotBuffer;
+                try {
+                    const sharp = (await import('sharp')).default;
+                    const meta = await sharp(screenshotBuffer).metadata();
+                    const logicalSize = await driver.getWindowSize().catch(() => ({ width: meta.width ?? 0, height: meta.height ?? 0 }));
+                    const physW = meta.width ?? 0;
+                    const logW = logicalSize.width;
+                    if (physW > 0 && logW > 0 && physW > logW) {
+                        const logH = Math.round((meta.height ?? physW) * (logW / physW));
+                        screenshotBuf = Buffer.from(await sharp(screenshotBuffer).resize(logW, logH, { fit: 'fill' }).png().toBuffer());
+                    }
+                }
+                catch { /* sharp unavailable or resize failed — use raw buffer */ }
+                // Save screen record first (to get screen.id)
+                const screen = await AppBrain.saveScreen(tenantId, projectId, screenName);
+                const shotPath = path.join(screenshotDir, `${screen.id}-native-v${screen.version}.png`);
+                await fs.writeFile(shotPath, screenshotBuf);
+                await AppBrain.saveScreenshot(tenantId, projectId, screen.id, shotPath, screen.version, 'NATIVE');
+                if (tenantStorageCfg) {
+                    const s3Key = `${tenantId}/${projectId}/screenshots/${screen.id}-native-v${screen.version}.png`;
+                    await uploadScreenshotToTenantStorage(tenantStorageCfg, shotPath, s3Key).catch(() => { });
+                }
+                // c. Parse accessibility tree → save elements
+                // Scroll down to reveal below-fold elements, then scroll back up before parsing
+                try {
+                    if (platform === 'android') {
+                        await driver.execute('mobile: scroll', { direction: 'down' });
+                    }
+                    else if (platform === 'ios') {
+                        await driver.execute('mobile: scroll', { direction: 'down', element: null });
+                    }
+                    await driver.pause(400);
+                }
+                catch { /* scroll not always available — non-fatal */ }
+                const pageXml = await driver.getPageSource();
+                const nativeElements = parseAccessibilityTree(pageXml, platform);
+                try {
+                    if (platform === 'android') {
+                        await driver.execute('mobile: scroll', { direction: 'up' });
+                    }
+                    else if (platform === 'ios') {
+                        await driver.execute('mobile: scroll', { direction: 'up', element: null });
+                    }
+                    await driver.pause(300);
+                }
+                catch { /* non-fatal */ }
+                logger.info({ screenName, elements: nativeElements.length }, 'Native screen parsed');
+                // Gap 2: Vision fallback when accessibility tree is empty (Flutter / game engines)
+                if (nativeElements.length === 0 && opts.visionLlmConfig) {
+                    logger.info({ screenName }, 'Empty accessibility tree — triggering vision LLM fallback');
+                    const { suggestedElements } = await visionFallbackDescribeScreen(screenshotBase64, opts.visionLlmConfig);
+                    for (const el of suggestedElements) {
+                        nativeElements.push({
+                            role: el.role, label: el.label, resourceId: '', className: '',
+                            bounds: { x: 0, y: 0, width: 0, height: 0 }, platform,
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+                for (const el of nativeElements) {
+                    const boundingRect = {
+                        x: Math.round(el.bounds.x),
+                        y: Math.round(el.bounds.y),
+                        width: Math.round(el.bounds.width),
+                        height: Math.round(el.bounds.height),
+                    };
+                    const notes = JSON.stringify({
+                        ...(el.resourceId ? { resourceId: el.resourceId } : {}),
+                        ...(el.className ? { className: el.className } : {}),
+                        platform: el.platform,
+                    });
+                    await AppBrain.saveElement(tenantId, projectId, screen.id, el.label, // meaning
+                    el.role, undefined, // expectedData
+                    notes, undefined, // text
+                    true, // isInteractive
+                    boundingRect, undefined, // ariaState
+                    undefined, // parentLandmark
+                    'NATIVE');
+                }
+                screensFound++;
+                // d. Navigate to next screen — basic BFS via nav-like elements
+                const navElements = nativeElements.filter(el => ['button', 'text'].includes(el.role) ||
+                    el.label?.match(/menu|home|back|next|continue|tab|nav|dashboard|settings|profile|more|list|search|help|about/i));
+                for (const navEl of navElements.slice(0, 15)) {
+                    if (screensFound >= MAX_SCREENS)
+                        break;
+                    try {
+                        // Build a selector for this element
+                        let selector;
+                        if (platform === 'android' && navEl.resourceId) {
+                            selector = `id=${navEl.resourceId}`;
+                        }
+                        else if (navEl.label) {
+                            selector = `~${navEl.label}`;
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        if (tappedSelectors.has(selector))
+                            continue;
+                        tappedSelectors.add(selector);
+                        // Capture pre-tap screen identity
+                        let preActivity = '';
+                        try {
+                            if (platform === 'android') {
+                                preActivity = await driver.getCurrentActivity();
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                preActivity = await driver.getTitle();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        catch { /* non-fatal */ }
+                        await driver.$(selector).click();
+                        await driver.pause(1500);
+                        // Android crash detection via logcat
+                        if (platform === 'android') {
+                            try {
+                                const logs = await driver.getLogs('logcat');
+                                const crashLog = logs.find((l) => typeof l.message === 'string' && /FATAL EXCEPTION|Process.*has died|ANR in/i.test(l.message));
+                                if (crashLog) {
+                                    logger.error({ jobId, crash: String(crashLog.message).slice(0, 500) }, 'App crash detected during crawl');
+                                    break; // stop navigating from this screen
+                                }
+                            }
+                            catch { /* logcat not available on all environments — non-fatal */ }
+                        }
+                        // iOS crash log detection
+                        if (platform === 'ios') {
+                            const crashLogs = await driver.getLogs('crashlog').catch(() => []);
+                            if (crashLogs.length > 0 && crashLogs.some((l) => l.message?.includes('Exception') || l.message?.includes('crash'))) {
+                                logger.warn({ screenName }, 'iOS crash log detected — stopping crawl');
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        // Check if screen changed
+                        let postActivity = '';
+                        try {
+                            if (platform === 'android') {
+                                postActivity = await driver.getCurrentActivity();
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                postActivity = await driver.getTitle();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        catch { /* non-fatal */ }
+                        if (postActivity === preActivity)
+                            continue; // same screen — skip
+                        // Check MAX_SCREENS before saving the new screen
+                        if (screensFound >= MAX_SCREENS)
+                            break;
+                        // New screen — capture it
+                        const newScreenName = postActivity
+                            ? postActivity.split('.').pop() ?? `Screen ${screensFound + 1}`
+                            : `Screen ${screensFound + 1}`;
+                        const newScreenshot = await driver.takeScreenshot();
+                        const newScreen = await AppBrain.saveScreen(tenantId, projectId, newScreenName);
+                        const newShotPath = path.join(screenshotDir, `${newScreen.id}-native-v${newScreen.version}.png`);
+                        await fs.writeFile(newShotPath, Buffer.from(newScreenshot, 'base64'));
+                        await AppBrain.saveScreenshot(tenantId, projectId, newScreen.id, newShotPath, newScreen.version, 'NATIVE');
+                        if (tenantStorageCfg) {
+                            const s3Key = `${tenantId}/${projectId}/screenshots/${newScreen.id}-native-v${newScreen.version}.png`;
+                            await uploadScreenshotToTenantStorage(tenantStorageCfg, newShotPath, s3Key).catch(() => { });
+                        }
+                        const newXml = await driver.getPageSource();
+                        const newElements = parseAccessibilityTree(newXml, platform);
+                        for (const el of newElements) {
+                            await AppBrain.saveElement(tenantId, projectId, newScreen.id, el.label, el.role, undefined, JSON.stringify({ ...(el.resourceId ? { resourceId: el.resourceId } : {}), ...(el.className ? { className: el.className } : {}), platform: el.platform }), undefined, true, { x: Math.round(el.bounds.x), y: Math.round(el.bounds.y), width: Math.round(el.bounds.width), height: Math.round(el.bounds.height) }, undefined, undefined, 'NATIVE');
+                        }
+                        screensFound++;
+                        // Navigate back so subsequent nav attempts start from a known state
+                        try {
+                            await driver.back();
+                            await driver.pause(800);
+                        }
+                        catch { /* non-fatal */ }
+                    }
+                    catch { /* element may have disappeared or tap failed — skip */ }
+                }
+                // Gap 3: Gesture-based discovery — swipe to reveal off-screen content
+                if (opts.gestureConfig?.enableSwipe && screensFound < MAX_SCREENS) {
+                    for (const dir of ['left', 'right', 'up', 'down']) {
+                        await performSwipe(driver, platform, dir);
+                        const postSwipeXml = await driver.getPageSource().catch(() => '');
+                        if (postSwipeXml && postSwipeXml !== pageXml)
+                            break; // new content found
+                    }
+                }
+                // Nav pass complete for this screen — continue BFS to next iteration.
             }
-            screensFound++;
+            // ── Step 5: Mark job DONE ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+            if (mitmStop)
+                mitmStop();
+            await driver.deleteSession();
+            await updateProgress(tenantId, jobId, 99, `Crawl complete — ${screensFound} screen(s) captured`);
+            await withTenant(tenantId, (tx) => tx.platformJob.update({
+                where: { id: jobId },
+                data: {
+                    status: 'DONE',
+                    progress: 100,
+                    finishedAt: new Date(),
+                    result: { screensFound, platform },
+                },
+            }));
+            logger.info({ jobId, screensFound, platform }, 'Native crawl complete');
+        }
+        catch (sessionErr) {
+            // Best-effort: clean up Appium session before re-throwing
             try {
-              await driver.back();
-              await driver.pause(800);
-            } catch {
+                await driver.deleteSession();
             }
-          } catch {
-          }
-        }
-        if (opts.gestureConfig?.enableSwipe && screensFound < MAX_SCREENS) {
-          for (const dir of ["left", "right", "up", "down"]) {
-            await performSwipe(driver, platform, dir);
-            const postSwipeXml = await driver.getPageSource().catch(() => "");
-            if (postSwipeXml && postSwipeXml !== pageXml) break;
-          }
+            catch { /* ignore */ }
+            throw sessionErr;
         }
-      }
-      if (mitmStop) mitmStop();
-      await driver.deleteSession();
-      await updateProgress(tenantId, jobId, 99, `Crawl complete \u2014 ${screensFound} screen(s) captured`);
-      await withTenant(
-        tenantId,
-        (tx) => tx.platformJob.update({
-          where: { id: jobId },
-          data: {
-            status: "DONE",
-            progress: 100,
-            finishedAt: /* @__PURE__ */ new Date(),
-            result: { screensFound, platform }
-          }
-        })
-      );
-      logger.info({ jobId, screensFound, platform }, "Native crawl complete");
-    } catch (sessionErr) {
-      try {
-        await driver.deleteSession();
-      } catch {
-      }
-      throw sessionErr;
     }
-  } catch (err) {
-    logger.error({ jobId, err: String(err) }, "Native crawl failed");
-    await withTenant(
-      tenantId,
-      (tx) => tx.platformJob.update({
-        where: { id: jobId },
-        data: {
-          status: "FAILED",
-          error: String(err?.message ?? err),
-          finishedAt: /* @__PURE__ */ new Date()
+    catch (err) {
+        logger.error({ jobId, err: String(err) }, 'Native crawl failed');
+        await withTenant(tenantId, (tx) => tx.platformJob.update({
+            where: { id: jobId },
+            data: {
+                status: 'FAILED',
+                error: String(err?.message ?? err),
+                finishedAt: new Date(),
+            },
+        })).catch(() => { });
+        throw err;
+    }
+    finally {
+        // Clean up local temp file
+        if (tmpAppPath) {
+            fs.unlink(tmpAppPath).catch(() => { });
         }
-      })
-    ).catch(() => {
-    });
-    throw err;
-  } finally {
-    if (tmpAppPath) {
-      fs.unlink(tmpAppPath).catch(() => {
-      });
     }
-  }
 }
-export {
-  runNativeCrawl
-};
-//# sourceMappingURL=native-crawler.js.map