@depup/webpack 5.111.1-depup.2 → 5.112.0-depup.0

package/lib/fs/FileSystemInfo.js

@@ -0,0 +1,4642 @@
+/*
+	MIT License http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
+	Author Tobias Koppers @sokra
+*/
+
+"use strict";
+
+const nodeModule = require("module");
+const { isAbsolute } = require("path");
+const { create: createResolver } = require("enhanced-resolve");
+const { DEFAULTS } = require("../config/defaults");
+const { collectCjsRequireSpecifiers } = require("../javascript/syntax-parser");
+const AsyncQueue = require("../util/AsyncQueue");
+const asyncLib = require("../util/async");
+const createHash = require("../util/createHash");
+const makeSerializable = require("../util/makeSerializable");
+const memoize = require("../util/memoize");
+const processAsyncTree = require("../util/processAsyncTree");
+const StackedCacheMap = require("./StackedCacheMap");
+const { dirname, join, lstatReadlinkAbsolute, relative } = require("./fs");
+
+// only the mjs build-dependency walk needs it
+const getEsModuleLexer = memoize(() => require("es-module-lexer"));
+
+/** @import { ResolveRequest, ResolveFunctionAsync } from "enhanced-resolve" */
+/** @import { HashFunction } from "../../declarations/WebpackOptions" */
+/** @import { Logger } from "../logging/Logger" */
+/** @import WebpackError from "../errors/WebpackError" */
+/** @import { JsonObject, IStats, InputFileSystem } from "./fs" */
+/**
+ * @import {
+ * 	ObjectDeserializerContext,
+ * 	ObjectSerializerContext
+ * } from "../serialization/ObjectMiddleware"
+ */
+/**
+ * Defines the processor callback type used by this module.
+ * @template T
+ * @typedef {import("../util/AsyncQueue").Callback<T>} ProcessorCallback
+ */
+/**
+ * Defines the processor type used by this module.
+ * @template T, R
+ * @typedef {import("../util/AsyncQueue").Processor<T, R>} Processor
+ */
+
+const supportsEsm = Number(process.versions.modules) >= 83;
+
+/** @type {Set<string>} */
+const builtinModules = new Set(nodeModule.builtinModules);
+
+let FS_ACCURACY = 2000;
+
+/** @type {Set<string>} */
+const EMPTY_SET = new Set();
+
+const RBDT_RESOLVE_INITIAL = 0;
+const RBDT_RESOLVE_FILE = 1;
+const RBDT_RESOLVE_DIRECTORY = 2;
+const RBDT_RESOLVE_CJS_FILE = 3;
+const RBDT_RESOLVE_CJS_FILE_AS_CHILD = 4;
+const RBDT_RESOLVE_ESM_FILE = 5;
+const RBDT_DIRECTORY = 6;
+const RBDT_FILE = 7;
+const RBDT_DIRECTORY_DEPENDENCIES = 8;
+const RBDT_FILE_DEPENDENCIES = 9;
+
+/** @typedef {RBDT_RESOLVE_INITIAL | RBDT_RESOLVE_FILE | RBDT_RESOLVE_DIRECTORY | RBDT_RESOLVE_CJS_FILE | RBDT_RESOLVE_CJS_FILE_AS_CHILD | RBDT_RESOLVE_ESM_FILE | RBDT_DIRECTORY | RBDT_FILE | RBDT_DIRECTORY_DEPENDENCIES | RBDT_FILE_DEPENDENCIES} JobType */
+
+const INVALID = Symbol("invalid");
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line jsdoc/ts-no-empty-object-type
+/** @typedef {{  }} ExistenceOnlyTimeEntry */
+
+/**
+ * Defines the file system info entry type used by this module.
+ * @typedef {object} FileSystemInfoEntry
+ * @property {number} safeTime
+ * @property {number=} timestamp
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Defines the resolved context file system info entry type used by this module.
+ * @typedef {object} ResolvedContextFileSystemInfoEntry
+ * @property {number} safeTime
+ * @property {string=} timestampHash
+ */
+
+/** @typedef {Set<string>} Symlinks */
+
+/**
+ * Defines the context file system info entry type used by this module.
+ * @typedef {object} ContextFileSystemInfoEntry
+ * @property {number} safeTime
+ * @property {string=} timestampHash
+ * @property {ResolvedContextFileSystemInfoEntry=} resolved
+ * @property {Symlinks=} symlinks
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Defines the timestamp and hash type used by this module.
+ * @typedef {object} TimestampAndHash
+ * @property {number} safeTime
+ * @property {number=} timestamp
+ * @property {string} hash
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Defines the resolved context timestamp and hash type used by this module.
+ * @typedef {object} ResolvedContextTimestampAndHash
+ * @property {number} safeTime
+ * @property {string=} timestampHash
+ * @property {string} hash
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Defines the context timestamp and hash type used by this module.
+ * @typedef {object} ContextTimestampAndHash
+ * @property {number} safeTime
+ * @property {string=} timestampHash
+ * @property {string} hash
+ * @property {ResolvedContextTimestampAndHash=} resolved
+ * @property {Symlinks=} symlinks
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Defines the context hash type used by this module.
+ * @typedef {object} ContextHash
+ * @property {string} hash
+ * @property {string=} resolved
+ * @property {Symlinks=} symlinks
+ */
+
+/** @typedef {Set<string>} SnapshotContent */
+
+/**
+ * Defines the snapshot optimization entry type used by this module.
+ * @typedef {object} SnapshotOptimizationEntry
+ * @property {Snapshot} snapshot
+ * @property {number} shared
+ * @property {SnapshotContent | undefined} snapshotContent
+ * @property {Set<SnapshotOptimizationEntry> | undefined} children
+ */
+
+/** @typedef {Map<string, string | false | undefined>} ResolveResults */
+
+/** @typedef {Set<string>} Files */
+/** @typedef {Set<string>} Directories */
+/** @typedef {Set<string>} Missing */
+
+/**
+ * Defines the resolve dependencies type used by this module.
+ * @typedef {object} ResolveDependencies
+ * @property {Files} files list of files
+ * @property {Directories} directories list of directories
+ * @property {Missing} missing list of missing entries
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Defines the resolve build dependencies result type used by this module.
+ * @typedef {object} ResolveBuildDependenciesResult
+ * @property {Files} files list of files
+ * @property {Directories} directories list of directories
+ * @property {Missing} missing list of missing entries
+ * @property {ResolveResults} resolveResults stored resolve results
+ * @property {ResolveDependencies} resolveDependencies dependencies of the resolving
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Defines the snapshot options type used by this module.
+ * @typedef {object} SnapshotOptions
+ * @property {boolean=} hash should use hash to snapshot
+ * @property {boolean=} timestamp should use timestamp to snapshot
+ */
+
+const DONE_ITERATOR_RESULT = new Set().keys().next();
+
+// cspell:word tshs
+// Tsh = Timestamp + Hash
+// Tshs = Timestamp + Hash combinations
+
+class SnapshotIterator {
+	/**
+	 * Creates an instance of SnapshotIterator.
+	 * @param {() => IteratorResult<string>} next next
+	 */
+	constructor(next) {
+		this.next = next;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Defines the get maps function type used by this module.
+ * @template T
+ * @typedef {(snapshot: Snapshot) => T[]} GetMapsFunction
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Represents SnapshotIterable.
+ * @template {{ keys(): IterableIterator<string> } | undefined} T
+ */
+class SnapshotIterable {
+	/**
+	 * Creates an instance of SnapshotIterable.
+	 * @param {Snapshot} snapshot snapshot
+	 * @param {GetMapsFunction<T>} getMaps get maps function
+	 */
+	constructor(snapshot, getMaps) {
+		/** @type {Snapshot} */
+		this.snapshot = snapshot;
+		/** @type {GetMapsFunction<T>} */
+		this.getMaps = getMaps;
+	}
+
+	[Symbol.iterator]() {
+		let state = 0;
+		/** @type {IterableIterator<string>} */
+		let it;
+		/** @type {GetMapsFunction<T>} */
+		let getMaps;
+		/** @type {T[]} */
+		let maps;
+		/** @type {Snapshot} */
+		let snapshot;
+		/** @type {Snapshot[] | undefined} */
+		let queue;
+		return new SnapshotIterator(() => {
+			for (;;) {
+				switch (state) {
+					case 0:
+						snapshot = this.snapshot;
+						getMaps = this.getMaps;
+						maps = getMaps(snapshot);
+						state = 1;
+					/* falls through */
+					case 1:
+						if (maps.length > 0) {
+							const map = maps.pop();
+							if (map !== undefined) {
+								it = map.keys();
+								state = 2;
+							} else {
+								break;
+							}
+						} else {
+							state = 3;
+							break;
+						}
+					/* falls through */
+					case 2: {
+						const result = it.next();
+						if (!result.done) return result;
+						state = 1;
+						break;
+					}
+					case 3: {
+						const children = snapshot.children;
+						if (children !== undefined) {
+							if (children.size === 1) {
+								// shortcut for a single child
+								// avoids allocation of queue
+								for (const child of children) snapshot = child;
+								maps = getMaps(snapshot);
+								state = 1;
+								break;
+							}
+							if (queue === undefined) queue = [];
+							for (const child of children) {
+								queue.push(child);
+							}
+						}
+						if (queue !== undefined && queue.length > 0) {
+							snapshot = /** @type {Snapshot} */ (queue.pop());
+							maps = getMaps(snapshot);
+							state = 1;
+							break;
+						} else {
+							state = 4;
+						}
+					}
+					/* falls through */
+					case 4:
+						return DONE_ITERATOR_RESULT;
+				}
+			}
+		});
+	}
+}
+
+/** @typedef {Map<string, FileSystemInfoEntry | null>} FileTimestamps */
+/** @typedef {Map<string, string | null>} FileHashes */
+/** @typedef {Map<string, TimestampAndHash | string | null>} FileTshs */
+/** @typedef {Map<string, ResolvedContextFileSystemInfoEntry | null>} ContextTimestamps */
+/** @typedef {Map<string, string | null>} ContextHashes */
+/** @typedef {Map<string, ResolvedContextTimestampAndHash | null>} ContextTshs */
+/** @typedef {Map<string, boolean>} MissingExistence */
+/** @typedef {Map<string, string>} ManagedItemInfo */
+/** @typedef {Set<string>} ManagedFiles */
+/** @typedef {Set<string>} ManagedContexts */
+/** @typedef {Set<string>} ManagedMissing */
+/** @typedef {Set<Snapshot>} Children */
+
+// `Snapshot._flags` bit for each optional field. Serialized as a whole integer,
+// so these values are a persisted-cache format contract — never renumber them.
+const SNAPSHOT_FLAG_START_TIME = 1;
+const SNAPSHOT_FLAG_FILE_TIMESTAMPS = 2;
+const SNAPSHOT_FLAG_FILE_HASHES = 4;
+const SNAPSHOT_FLAG_FILE_TSHS = 8;
+const SNAPSHOT_FLAG_CONTEXT_TIMESTAMPS = 0x10;
+const SNAPSHOT_FLAG_CONTEXT_HASHES = 0x20;
+const SNAPSHOT_FLAG_CONTEXT_TSHS = 0x40;
+const SNAPSHOT_FLAG_MISSING_EXISTENCE = 0x80;
+const SNAPSHOT_FLAG_MANAGED_ITEM_INFO = 0x100;
+const SNAPSHOT_FLAG_MANAGED_FILES = 0x200;
+const SNAPSHOT_FLAG_MANAGED_CONTEXTS = 0x400;
+const SNAPSHOT_FLAG_MANAGED_MISSING = 0x800;
+const SNAPSHOT_FLAG_CHILDREN = 0x1000;
+
+class Snapshot {
+	constructor() {
+		/** @type {number} */
+		this._flags = 0;
+		/** @type {Iterable<string> | undefined} */
+		this._cachedFileIterable = undefined;
+		/** @type {Iterable<string> | undefined} */
+		this._cachedContextIterable = undefined;
+		/** @type {Iterable<string> | undefined} */
+		this._cachedMissingIterable = undefined;
+		/** @type {number | undefined} */
+		this.startTime = undefined;
+		/** @type {FileTimestamps | undefined} */
+		this.fileTimestamps = undefined;
+		/** @type {FileHashes | undefined} */
+		this.fileHashes = undefined;
+		/** @type {FileTshs | undefined} */
+		this.fileTshs = undefined;
+		/** @type {ContextTimestamps | undefined} */
+		this.contextTimestamps = undefined;
+		/** @type {ContextHashes | undefined} */
+		this.contextHashes = undefined;
+		/** @type {ContextTshs | undefined} */
+		this.contextTshs = undefined;
+		/** @type {MissingExistence | undefined} */
+		this.missingExistence = undefined;
+		/** @type {ManagedItemInfo | undefined} */
+		this.managedItemInfo = undefined;
+		/** @type {ManagedFiles | undefined} */
+		this.managedFiles = undefined;
+		/** @type {ManagedContexts | undefined} */
+		this.managedContexts = undefined;
+		/** @type {ManagedMissing | undefined} */
+		this.managedMissing = undefined;
+		/** @type {Children | undefined} */
+		this.children = undefined;
+	}
+
+	hasStartTime() {
+		return (this._flags & SNAPSHOT_FLAG_START_TIME) !== 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates start time using the provided value.
+	 * @param {number} value start value
+	 */
+	setStartTime(value) {
+		this._flags |= SNAPSHOT_FLAG_START_TIME;
+		this.startTime = value;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets merged start time.
+	 * @param {number | undefined} value value
+	 * @param {Snapshot} snapshot snapshot
+	 */
+	setMergedStartTime(value, snapshot) {
+		if (value) {
+			if (snapshot.hasStartTime()) {
+				this.setStartTime(
+					Math.min(
+						value,
+						/** @type {NonNullable<Snapshot["startTime"]>} */
+						(snapshot.startTime)
+					)
+				);
+			} else {
+				this.setStartTime(value);
+			}
+		} else if (snapshot.hasStartTime()) {
+			this.setStartTime(
+				/** @type {NonNullable<Snapshot["startTime"]>} */
+				(snapshot.startTime)
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	hasFileTimestamps() {
+		return (this._flags & SNAPSHOT_FLAG_FILE_TIMESTAMPS) !== 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets file timestamps.
+	 * @param {FileTimestamps} value file timestamps
+	 */
+	setFileTimestamps(value) {
+		this._flags |= SNAPSHOT_FLAG_FILE_TIMESTAMPS;
+		this.fileTimestamps = value;
+	}
+
+	hasFileHashes() {
+		return (this._flags & SNAPSHOT_FLAG_FILE_HASHES) !== 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates file hashes using the provided value.
+	 * @param {FileHashes} value file hashes
+	 */
+	setFileHashes(value) {
+		this._flags |= SNAPSHOT_FLAG_FILE_HASHES;
+		this.fileHashes = value;
+	}
+
+	hasFileTshs() {
+		return (this._flags & SNAPSHOT_FLAG_FILE_TSHS) !== 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates file tshs using the provided value.
+	 * @param {FileTshs} value file tshs
+	 */
+	setFileTshs(value) {
+		this._flags |= SNAPSHOT_FLAG_FILE_TSHS;
+		this.fileTshs = value;
+	}
+
+	hasContextTimestamps() {
+		return (this._flags & SNAPSHOT_FLAG_CONTEXT_TIMESTAMPS) !== 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets context timestamps.
+	 * @param {ContextTimestamps} value context timestamps
+	 */
+	setContextTimestamps(value) {
+		this._flags |= SNAPSHOT_FLAG_CONTEXT_TIMESTAMPS;
+		this.contextTimestamps = value;
+	}
+
+	hasContextHashes() {
+		return (this._flags & SNAPSHOT_FLAG_CONTEXT_HASHES) !== 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets context hashes.
+	 * @param {ContextHashes} value context hashes
+	 */
+	setContextHashes(value) {
+		this._flags |= SNAPSHOT_FLAG_CONTEXT_HASHES;
+		this.contextHashes = value;
+	}
+
+	hasContextTshs() {
+		return (this._flags & SNAPSHOT_FLAG_CONTEXT_TSHS) !== 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates context tshs using the provided value.
+	 * @param {ContextTshs} value context tshs
+	 */
+	setContextTshs(value) {
+		this._flags |= SNAPSHOT_FLAG_CONTEXT_TSHS;
+		this.contextTshs = value;
+	}
+
+	hasMissingExistence() {
+		return (this._flags & SNAPSHOT_FLAG_MISSING_EXISTENCE) !== 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets missing existence.
+	 * @param {MissingExistence} value context tshs
+	 */
+	setMissingExistence(value) {
+		this._flags |= SNAPSHOT_FLAG_MISSING_EXISTENCE;
+		this.missingExistence = value;
+	}
+
+	hasManagedItemInfo() {
+		return (this._flags & SNAPSHOT_FLAG_MANAGED_ITEM_INFO) !== 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets managed item info.
+	 * @param {ManagedItemInfo} value managed item info
+	 */
+	setManagedItemInfo(value) {
+		this._flags |= SNAPSHOT_FLAG_MANAGED_ITEM_INFO;
+		this.managedItemInfo = value;
+	}
+
+	hasManagedFiles() {
+		return (this._flags & SNAPSHOT_FLAG_MANAGED_FILES) !== 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets managed files.
+	 * @param {ManagedFiles} value managed files
+	 */
+	setManagedFiles(value) {
+		this._flags |= SNAPSHOT_FLAG_MANAGED_FILES;
+		this.managedFiles = value;
+	}
+
+	hasManagedContexts() {
+		return (this._flags & SNAPSHOT_FLAG_MANAGED_CONTEXTS) !== 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets managed contexts.
+	 * @param {ManagedContexts} value managed contexts
+	 */
+	setManagedContexts(value) {
+		this._flags |= SNAPSHOT_FLAG_MANAGED_CONTEXTS;
+		this.managedContexts = value;
+	}
+
+	hasManagedMissing() {
+		return (this._flags & SNAPSHOT_FLAG_MANAGED_MISSING) !== 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets managed missing.
+	 * @param {ManagedMissing} value managed missing
+	 */
+	setManagedMissing(value) {
+		this._flags |= SNAPSHOT_FLAG_MANAGED_MISSING;
+		this.managedMissing = value;
+	}
+
+	hasChildren() {
+		return (this._flags & SNAPSHOT_FLAG_CHILDREN) !== 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates children using the provided value.
+	 * @param {Children} value children
+	 */
+	setChildren(value) {
+		this._flags |= SNAPSHOT_FLAG_CHILDREN;
+		this.children = value;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds the provided child to the snapshot.
+	 * @param {Snapshot} child children
+	 */
+	addChild(child) {
+		if (!this.hasChildren()) {
+			this.setChildren(new Set());
+		}
+		/** @type {Children} */
+		(this.children).add(child);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Serializes this instance into the provided serializer context.
+	 * @param {ObjectSerializerContext} context context
+	 */
+	serialize({ write }) {
+		write(this._flags);
+		if (this.hasStartTime()) write(this.startTime);
+		if (this.hasFileTimestamps()) write(this.fileTimestamps);
+		if (this.hasFileHashes()) write(this.fileHashes);
+		if (this.hasFileTshs()) write(this.fileTshs);
+		if (this.hasContextTimestamps()) write(this.contextTimestamps);
+		if (this.hasContextHashes()) write(this.contextHashes);
+		if (this.hasContextTshs()) write(this.contextTshs);
+		if (this.hasMissingExistence()) write(this.missingExistence);
+		if (this.hasManagedItemInfo()) write(this.managedItemInfo);
+		if (this.hasManagedFiles()) write(this.managedFiles);
+		if (this.hasManagedContexts()) write(this.managedContexts);
+		if (this.hasManagedMissing()) write(this.managedMissing);
+		if (this.hasChildren()) write(this.children);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Restores this instance from the provided deserializer context.
+	 * @param {ObjectDeserializerContext} context context
+	 */
+	deserialize({ read }) {
+		this._flags = read();
+		if (this.hasStartTime()) this.startTime = read();
+		if (this.hasFileTimestamps()) this.fileTimestamps = read();
+		if (this.hasFileHashes()) this.fileHashes = read();
+		if (this.hasFileTshs()) this.fileTshs = read();
+		if (this.hasContextTimestamps()) this.contextTimestamps = read();
+		if (this.hasContextHashes()) this.contextHashes = read();
+		if (this.hasContextTshs()) this.contextTshs = read();
+		if (this.hasMissingExistence()) this.missingExistence = read();
+		if (this.hasManagedItemInfo()) this.managedItemInfo = read();
+		if (this.hasManagedFiles()) this.managedFiles = read();
+		if (this.hasManagedContexts()) this.managedContexts = read();
+		if (this.hasManagedMissing()) this.managedMissing = read();
+		if (this.hasChildren()) this.children = read();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates an iterable from the provided get map.
+	 * @template {{ keys(): IterableIterator<string> } | undefined} T
+	 * @param {GetMapsFunction<T>} getMaps first
+	 * @returns {SnapshotIterable<T>} iterable
+	 */
+	_createIterable(getMaps) {
+		return new SnapshotIterable(this, getMaps);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets file iterable.
+	 * @returns {Iterable<string>} iterable
+	 */
+	getFileIterable() {
+		if (this._cachedFileIterable === undefined) {
+			this._cachedFileIterable = this._createIterable((s) => [
+				s.fileTimestamps,
+				s.fileHashes,
+				s.fileTshs,
+				s.managedFiles
+			]);
+		}
+		return this._cachedFileIterable;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets context iterable.
+	 * @returns {Iterable<string>} iterable
+	 */
+	getContextIterable() {
+		if (this._cachedContextIterable === undefined) {
+			this._cachedContextIterable = this._createIterable((s) => [
+				s.contextTimestamps,
+				s.contextHashes,
+				s.contextTshs,
+				s.managedContexts
+			]);
+		}
+		return this._cachedContextIterable;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets missing iterable.
+	 * @returns {Iterable<string>} iterable
+	 */
+	getMissingIterable() {
+		if (this._cachedMissingIterable === undefined) {
+			this._cachedMissingIterable = this._createIterable((s) => [
+				s.missingExistence,
+				s.managedMissing
+			]);
+		}
+		return this._cachedMissingIterable;
+	}
+}
+
+makeSerializable(
+	Snapshot,
+	[
+		"webpack/lib/fs/FileSystemInfo",
+		// TODO in the next major release: remove, they restore pre-move cache packs
+		"webpack/lib/FileSystemInfo"
+	],
+	"Snapshot"
+);
+
+const MIN_COMMON_SNAPSHOT_SIZE = 3;
+
+/**
+ * Defines the snapshot optimization value type used by this module.
+ * @template U, T
+ * @typedef {U extends true ? Set<string> : Map<string, T>} SnapshotOptimizationValue
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Represents SnapshotOptimization.
+ * @template T
+ * @template {boolean} [U=false]
+ */
+class SnapshotOptimization {
+	/**
+	 * Creates an instance of SnapshotOptimization.
+	 * @param {(snapshot: Snapshot) => boolean} has has value
+	 * @param {(snapshot: Snapshot) => SnapshotOptimizationValue<U, T> | undefined} get get value
+	 * @param {(snapshot: Snapshot, value: SnapshotOptimizationValue<U, T>) => void} set set value
+	 * @param {boolean=} useStartTime use the start time of snapshots
+	 * @param {U=} isSet value is an Set instead of a Map
+	 */
+	constructor(
+		has,
+		get,
+		set,
+		useStartTime = true,
+		isSet = /** @type {U} */ (false)
+	) {
+		this._has = has;
+		this._get = get;
+		this._set = set;
+		/** @type {boolean} */
+		this._useStartTime = useStartTime;
+		/** @type {U} */
+		this._isSet = isSet;
+		/** @type {Map<string, SnapshotOptimizationEntry>} */
+		this._map = new Map();
+		/** @type {number} */
+		this._statItemsShared = 0;
+		/** @type {number} */
+		this._statItemsUnshared = 0;
+		/** @type {number} */
+		this._statSharedSnapshots = 0;
+		/** @type {number} */
+		this._statReusedSharedSnapshots = 0;
+	}
+
+	getStatisticMessage() {
+		const total = this._statItemsShared + this._statItemsUnshared;
+		if (total === 0) return;
+		return `${
+			this._statItemsShared && Math.round((this._statItemsShared * 100) / total)
+		}% (${this._statItemsShared}/${total}) entries shared via ${
+			this._statSharedSnapshots
+		} shared snapshots (${
+			this._statReusedSharedSnapshots + this._statSharedSnapshots
+		} times referenced)`;
+	}
+
+	clear() {
+		this._map.clear();
+		this._statItemsShared = 0;
+		this._statItemsUnshared = 0;
+		this._statSharedSnapshots = 0;
+		this._statReusedSharedSnapshots = 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Processes the provided new snapshot.
+	 * @param {Snapshot} newSnapshot snapshot
+	 * @param {Set<string>} capturedFiles files to snapshot/share
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	optimize(newSnapshot, capturedFiles) {
+		if (capturedFiles.size === 0) {
+			return;
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Increase shared and store optimization entry.
+		 * @param {SnapshotOptimizationEntry} entry optimization entry
+		 * @returns {void}
+		 */
+		const increaseSharedAndStoreOptimizationEntry = (entry) => {
+			if (entry.children !== undefined) {
+				for (const child of entry.children) {
+					increaseSharedAndStoreOptimizationEntry(child);
+				}
+			}
+			entry.shared++;
+			storeOptimizationEntry(entry);
+		};
+		/**
+		 * Stores optimization entry.
+		 * @param {SnapshotOptimizationEntry} entry optimization entry
+		 * @returns {void}
+		 */
+		const storeOptimizationEntry = (entry) => {
+			for (const path of /** @type {SnapshotContent} */ (
+				entry.snapshotContent
+			)) {
+				const old =
+					/** @type {SnapshotOptimizationEntry} */
+					(this._map.get(path));
+				if (old.shared < entry.shared) {
+					this._map.set(path, entry);
+				}
+				capturedFiles.delete(path);
+			}
+		};
+
+		/** @type {SnapshotOptimizationEntry | undefined} */
+		let newOptimizationEntry;
+
+		const capturedFilesSize = capturedFiles.size;
+
+		/** @type {Set<SnapshotOptimizationEntry> | undefined} */
+		const optimizationEntries = new Set();
+
+		for (const path of capturedFiles) {
+			const optimizationEntry = this._map.get(path);
+			if (optimizationEntry === undefined) {
+				if (newOptimizationEntry === undefined) {
+					newOptimizationEntry = {
+						snapshot: newSnapshot,
+						shared: 0,
+						snapshotContent: undefined,
+						children: undefined
+					};
+				}
+				this._map.set(path, newOptimizationEntry);
+			} else {
+				optimizationEntries.add(optimizationEntry);
+			}
+		}
+
+		optimizationEntriesLabel: for (const optimizationEntry of optimizationEntries) {
+			const snapshot = optimizationEntry.snapshot;
+			if (optimizationEntry.shared > 0) {
+				// It's a shared snapshot
+				// We can't change it, so we can only use it when all files match
+				// and startTime is compatible
+				if (
+					this._useStartTime &&
+					newSnapshot.startTime &&
+					(!snapshot.startTime || snapshot.startTime > newSnapshot.startTime)
+				) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				/** @type {Set<string>} */
+				const nonSharedFiles = new Set();
+				const snapshotContent =
+					/** @type {NonNullable<SnapshotOptimizationEntry["snapshotContent"]>} */
+					(optimizationEntry.snapshotContent);
+				const snapshotEntries =
+					/** @type {SnapshotOptimizationValue<U, T>} */
+					(this._get(snapshot));
+				for (const path of snapshotContent) {
+					if (!capturedFiles.has(path)) {
+						if (!snapshotEntries.has(path)) {
+							// File is not shared and can't be removed from the snapshot
+							// because it's in a child of the snapshot
+							continue optimizationEntriesLabel;
+						}
+						nonSharedFiles.add(path);
+					}
+				}
+				if (nonSharedFiles.size === 0) {
+					// The complete snapshot is shared
+					// add it as child
+					newSnapshot.addChild(snapshot);
+					increaseSharedAndStoreOptimizationEntry(optimizationEntry);
+					this._statReusedSharedSnapshots++;
+				} else {
+					// Only a part of the snapshot is shared
+					const sharedCount = snapshotContent.size - nonSharedFiles.size;
+					if (sharedCount < MIN_COMMON_SNAPSHOT_SIZE) {
+						// Common part it too small
+						continue;
+					}
+					// Extract common timestamps from both snapshots
+					/** @type {Set<string> | Map<string, T>} */
+					let commonMap;
+					if (this._isSet) {
+						commonMap = new Set();
+						for (const path of /** @type {Set<string>} */ (snapshotEntries)) {
+							if (nonSharedFiles.has(path)) continue;
+							commonMap.add(path);
+							snapshotEntries.delete(path);
+						}
+					} else {
+						commonMap = new Map();
+						const map = /** @type {Map<string, T>} */ (snapshotEntries);
+						for (const [path, value] of map) {
+							if (nonSharedFiles.has(path)) continue;
+							commonMap.set(path, value);
+							snapshotEntries.delete(path);
+						}
+					}
+					// Create and attach snapshot
+					const commonSnapshot = new Snapshot();
+					if (this._useStartTime) {
+						commonSnapshot.setMergedStartTime(newSnapshot.startTime, snapshot);
+					}
+					this._set(
+						commonSnapshot,
+						/** @type {SnapshotOptimizationValue<U, T>} */ (commonMap)
+					);
+					newSnapshot.addChild(commonSnapshot);
+					snapshot.addChild(commonSnapshot);
+					// Create optimization entry
+					const newEntry = {
+						snapshot: commonSnapshot,
+						shared: optimizationEntry.shared + 1,
+						snapshotContent: new Set(commonMap.keys()),
+						children: undefined
+					};
+					if (optimizationEntry.children === undefined) {
+						optimizationEntry.children = new Set();
+					}
+					optimizationEntry.children.add(newEntry);
+					storeOptimizationEntry(newEntry);
+					this._statSharedSnapshots++;
+				}
+			} else {
+				// It's a unshared snapshot
+				// We can extract a common shared snapshot
+				// with all common files
+				const snapshotEntries = this._get(snapshot);
+				if (snapshotEntries === undefined) {
+					// Incomplete snapshot, that can't be used
+					continue;
+				}
+				/** @type {Set<string> | Map<string, T>} */
+				let commonMap;
+				if (this._isSet) {
+					commonMap = new Set();
+					const set = /** @type {Set<string>} */ (snapshotEntries);
+					if (capturedFiles.size < set.size) {
+						for (const path of capturedFiles) {
+							if (set.has(path)) commonMap.add(path);
+						}
+					} else {
+						for (const path of set) {
+							if (capturedFiles.has(path)) commonMap.add(path);
+						}
+					}
+				} else {
+					commonMap = new Map();
+					const map = /** @type {Map<string, T>} */ (snapshotEntries);
+					for (const path of capturedFiles) {
+						const ts = map.get(path);
+						if (ts === undefined) continue;
+						commonMap.set(path, ts);
+					}
+				}
+
+				if (commonMap.size < MIN_COMMON_SNAPSHOT_SIZE) {
+					// Common part it too small
+					continue;
+				}
+				// Create and attach snapshot
+				const commonSnapshot = new Snapshot();
+				if (this._useStartTime) {
+					commonSnapshot.setMergedStartTime(newSnapshot.startTime, snapshot);
+				}
+				this._set(
+					commonSnapshot,
+					/** @type {SnapshotOptimizationValue<U, T>} */
+					(commonMap)
+				);
+				newSnapshot.addChild(commonSnapshot);
+				snapshot.addChild(commonSnapshot);
+				// Remove files from snapshot
+				for (const path of commonMap.keys()) snapshotEntries.delete(path);
+				const sharedCount = commonMap.size;
+				this._statItemsUnshared -= sharedCount;
+				this._statItemsShared += sharedCount;
+				// Create optimization entry
+				storeOptimizationEntry({
+					snapshot: commonSnapshot,
+					shared: 2,
+					snapshotContent: new Set(commonMap.keys()),
+					children: undefined
+				});
+				this._statSharedSnapshots++;
+			}
+		}
+		const unshared = capturedFiles.size;
+		this._statItemsUnshared += unshared;
+		this._statItemsShared += capturedFilesSize - unshared;
+	}
+}
+
+/** @type {Record<string, string>} */
+const ESCAPES = {
+	n: "\n",
+	r: "\r",
+	t: "\t",
+	b: "\b",
+	f: "\f",
+	v: "\v"
+};
+
+/**
+ * Cooks a JS string/template literal specifier into its evaluated value,
+ * matching ECMAScript escape semantics (sloppy-mode for string literals).
+ * @param {string} str input including the surrounding quotes
+ * @returns {string | null} result, or null when not a quoted literal
+ * @throws {Error} on a malformed escape sequence, like the JS parser would
+ */
+const parseString = (str) => {
+	const q = str[0];
+
+	if (q !== '"' && q !== "'" && q !== "`") {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	const template = q === "`";
+	const inner = str.slice(1, -1);
+	const len = inner.length;
+	let result = "";
+	let i = 0;
+
+	while (i < len) {
+		const ch = inner[i];
+		if (ch !== "\\") {
+			// Template value normalizes raw <CR> and <CRLF> to <LF>
+			if (template && ch === "\r") {
+				result += "\n";
+				i += inner[i + 1] === "\n" ? 2 : 1;
+			} else {
+				result += ch;
+				i++;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		i++;
+		if (i >= len) throw new Error("Unterminated escape sequence");
+		const esc = inner[i];
+
+		if (esc === "x") {
+			const hex = inner.slice(i + 1, i + 3);
+			if (!/^[0-9a-fA-F]{2}$/.test(hex)) {
+				throw new Error("Invalid hexadecimal escape sequence");
+			}
+			result += String.fromCharCode(Number.parseInt(hex, 16));
+			i += 3;
+		} else if (esc === "u") {
+			if (inner[i + 1] === "{") {
+				// \u{N...}
+				const closeIdx = inner.indexOf("}", i + 2);
+				const codeStr = closeIdx === -1 ? "" : inner.slice(i + 2, closeIdx);
+				const code = Number.parseInt(codeStr, 16);
+				if (!/^[0-9a-fA-F]+$/.test(codeStr) || code > 0x10ffff) {
+					throw new Error("Invalid Unicode escape sequence");
+				}
+				result += String.fromCodePoint(code);
+				i = closeIdx + 1;
+			} else {
+				// \uNNNN
+				const hex = inner.slice(i + 1, i + 5);
+				if (!/^[0-9a-fA-F]{4}$/.test(hex)) {
+					throw new Error("Invalid Unicode escape sequence");
+				}
+				result += String.fromCharCode(Number.parseInt(hex, 16));
+				i += 5;
+			}
+		} else if (esc === "\r") {
+			// Line continuation: \<CR> or \<CRLF>
+			i += inner[i + 1] === "\n" ? 2 : 1;
+		} else if (esc === "\n" || esc === "\u2028" || esc === "\u2029") {
+			// Line continuation: \<LF>, \<LS>, \<PS>
+			i++;
+		} else if (ESCAPES[esc] !== undefined) {
+			result += ESCAPES[esc];
+			i++;
+		} else if (esc >= "0" && esc <= "7") {
+			// \0 not followed by a digit is NUL, otherwise a legacy octal escape
+			const next = inner[i + 1];
+			if (esc === "0" && !(next >= "0" && next <= "9")) {
+				result += "\0";
+				i++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (template) throw new Error("Octal escape not allowed in template");
+			// Up to 3 octal digits, value capped at \377
+			let oct = esc;
+			i++;
+			const max = esc <= "3" ? 3 : 2;
+			while (oct.length < max && inner[i] >= "0" && inner[i] <= "7") {
+				oct += inner[i];
+				i++;
+			}
+			result += String.fromCharCode(Number.parseInt(oct, 8));
+		} else if (esc === "8" || esc === "9") {
+			if (template) throw new Error("\\8 and \\9 not allowed in template");
+			result += esc;
+			i++;
+		} else {
+			// \', \", \\, \`, and any other NonEscapeCharacter — the char itself
+			result += esc;
+			i++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result;
+};
+
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+/**
+ * Processes the provided mtime.
+ * @param {number} mtime mtime
+ */
+const applyMtime = (mtime) => {
+	if (FS_ACCURACY > 1 && mtime % 2 !== 0) FS_ACCURACY = 1;
+	else if (FS_ACCURACY > 10 && mtime % 20 !== 0) FS_ACCURACY = 10;
+	else if (FS_ACCURACY > 100 && mtime % 200 !== 0) FS_ACCURACY = 100;
+	else if (FS_ACCURACY > 1000 && mtime % 2000 !== 0) FS_ACCURACY = 1000;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Merges the provided values into a single result.
+ * @template T
+ * @template K
+ * @param {Map<T, K> | undefined} a source map
+ * @param {Map<T, K> | undefined} b joining map
+ * @returns {Map<T, K>} joined map
+ */
+const mergeMaps = (a, b) => {
+	if (!b || b.size === 0) return /** @type {Map<T, K>} */ (a);
+	if (!a || a.size === 0) return /** @type {Map<T, K>} */ (b);
+	/** @type {Map<T, K>} */
+	const map = new Map(a);
+	for (const [key, value] of b) {
+		map.set(key, value);
+	}
+	return map;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Merges the provided values into a single result.
+ * @template T
+ * @param {Set<T> | undefined} a source map
+ * @param {Set<T> | undefined} b joining map
+ * @returns {Set<T>} joined map
+ */
+const mergeSets = (a, b) => {
+	if (!b || b.size === 0) return /** @type {Set<T>} */ (a);
+	if (!a || a.size === 0) return /** @type {Set<T>} */ (b);
+	/** @type {Set<T>} */
+	const map = new Set(a);
+	for (const item of b) {
+		map.add(item);
+	}
+	return map;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Finding file or directory to manage
+ * @param {string} managedPath path that is managing by {@link FileSystemInfo}
+ * @param {string} path path to file or directory
+ * @returns {string | null} managed item
+ * @example
+ * getManagedItem(
+ *   '/Users/user/my-project/node_modules/',
+ *   '/Users/user/my-project/node_modules/package/index.js'
+ * ) === '/Users/user/my-project/node_modules/package'
+ * getManagedItem(
+ *   '/Users/user/my-project/node_modules/',
+ *   '/Users/user/my-project/node_modules/package1/node_modules/package2'
+ * ) === '/Users/user/my-project/node_modules/package1/node_modules/package2'
+ * getManagedItem(
+ *   '/Users/user/my-project/node_modules/',
+ *   '/Users/user/my-project/node_modules/.bin/script.js'
+ * ) === null // hidden files are disallowed as managed items
+ * getManagedItem(
+ *   '/Users/user/my-project/node_modules/',
+ *   '/Users/user/my-project/node_modules/package'
+ * ) === '/Users/user/my-project/node_modules/package'
+ */
+const getManagedItem = (managedPath, path) => {
+	let i = managedPath.length;
+	let slashes = 1;
+	let startingPosition = true;
+	loop: while (i < path.length) {
+		switch (path.charCodeAt(i)) {
+			case 47: // slash
+			case 92: // backslash
+				if (--slashes === 0) break loop;
+				startingPosition = true;
+				break;
+			case 46: // .
+				// hidden files are disallowed as managed items
+				// it's probably .yarn-integrity or .cache
+				if (startingPosition) return null;
+				break;
+			case 64: // @
+				if (!startingPosition) return null;
+				slashes++;
+				break;
+			default:
+				startingPosition = false;
+				break;
+		}
+		i++;
+	}
+	if (i === path.length) slashes--;
+	// return null when path is incomplete
+	if (slashes !== 0) return null;
+	// if (path.slice(i + 1, i + 13) === "node_modules")
+	if (
+		path.length >= i + 13 &&
+		path.charCodeAt(i + 1) === 110 &&
+		path.charCodeAt(i + 2) === 111 &&
+		path.charCodeAt(i + 3) === 100 &&
+		path.charCodeAt(i + 4) === 101 &&
+		path.charCodeAt(i + 5) === 95 &&
+		path.charCodeAt(i + 6) === 109 &&
+		path.charCodeAt(i + 7) === 111 &&
+		path.charCodeAt(i + 8) === 100 &&
+		path.charCodeAt(i + 9) === 117 &&
+		path.charCodeAt(i + 10) === 108 &&
+		path.charCodeAt(i + 11) === 101 &&
+		path.charCodeAt(i + 12) === 115
+	) {
+		// if this is the end of the path
+		if (path.length === i + 13) {
+			// return the node_modules directory
+			// it's special
+			return path;
+		}
+		const c = path.charCodeAt(i + 13);
+		// if next symbol is slash or backslash
+		if (c === 47 || c === 92) {
+			// Managed subpath
+			return getManagedItem(path.slice(0, i + 14), path);
+		}
+	}
+	return path.slice(0, i);
+};
+
+/**
+ * The managed directory a `snapshot.managedPaths` RegExp matched. The schema
+ * documents it as matching that directory, so a capture-less pattern is it.
+ * @param {RegExpExecArray} match a match of a managed path RegExp
+ * @returns {string} the managed directory
+ */
+const getManagedPathFromMatch = (match) =>
+	match[1] === undefined ? match[0] : match[1];
+
+/**
+ * Gets resolved timestamp.
+ * @template {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry | ContextTimestampAndHash} T
+ * @param {T | null} entry entry
+ * @returns {T["resolved"] | null | undefined} the resolved entry
+ */
+const getResolvedTimestamp = (entry) => {
+	if (entry === null) return null;
+	if (entry.resolved !== undefined) return entry.resolved;
+	return entry.symlinks === undefined ? entry : undefined;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Gets resolved hash.
+ * @param {ContextHash | null} entry entry
+ * @returns {string | null | undefined} the resolved entry
+ */
+const getResolvedHash = (entry) => {
+	if (entry === null) return null;
+	if (entry.resolved !== undefined) return entry.resolved;
+	return entry.symlinks === undefined ? entry.hash : undefined;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds the provided source to the snapshot optimization.
+ * @template T
+ * @param {Set<T>} source source
+ * @param {Set<T>} target target
+ */
+const addAll = (source, target) => {
+	for (const key of source) target.add(key);
+};
+
+// Bun doesn't populate `require.cache` `module.children`, so the CJS build-dependency
+// walk needs a source-parsing fallback there. Node/Deno populate it — never pay for it.
+const IS_BUN = Boolean(process.versions.bun);
+
+/** @typedef {Set<string>} LoggedPaths */
+
+/** @typedef {FileSystemInfoEntry | ExistenceOnlyTimeEntry | "ignore" | null} FileTimestamp */
+/** @typedef {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry | ExistenceOnlyTimeEntry | "ignore" | null} ContextTimestamp */
+/** @typedef {ResolvedContextFileSystemInfoEntry | "ignore" | null} ResolvedContextTimestamp */
+
+/**
+ * `watchpack` may report `{}` (existence-only) for files and directories it
+ * is watching but has no time information for. Such entries cannot be used
+ * for snapshot comparison, so cache lookups treat them as "no cached value"
+ * and fall back to a fresh on-disk read.
+ * @param {FileTimestamp | ContextTimestamp | undefined} entry cache entry
+ * @returns {entry is ExistenceOnlyTimeEntry} true if the entry exists but carries no time info
+ */
+const isExistenceOnly = (entry) => {
+	if (entry === undefined || entry === null || entry === "ignore") return false;
+	return (
+		/** @type {Partial<FileSystemInfoEntry> & Partial<ContextFileSystemInfoEntry>} */
+		(entry).safeTime === undefined
+	);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Watchpack directory entries may carry `safeTime` / `timestamp` but never
+ * `timestampHash`; such object caches cannot back snapshot checks or symlink walks.
+ * @param {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry | null | "ignore" | undefined} entry cache entry
+ * @returns {boolean} true when a non-null object entry lacks `timestampHash`
+ */
+const contextCacheEntryLacksTimestampHash = (entry) =>
+	entry !== null &&
+	typeof entry === "object" &&
+	/** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry} */ (entry).timestampHash === undefined;
+
+/** @typedef {(err?: WebpackError | null, result?: boolean) => void} CheckSnapshotValidCallback */
+
+/**
+ * Used to access information about the filesystem in a cached way
+ */
+class FileSystemInfo {
+	/**
+	 * Creates an instance of FileSystemInfo.
+	 * @param {InputFileSystem} fs file system
+	 * @param {object} options options
+	 * @param {Iterable<string | RegExp>=} options.unmanagedPaths paths that are not managed by a package manager and the contents are subject to change
+	 * @param {Iterable<string | RegExp>=} options.managedPaths paths that are only managed by a package manager
+	 * @param {Iterable<string | RegExp>=} options.immutablePaths paths that are immutable
+	 * @param {Logger=} options.logger logger used to log invalid snapshots
+	 * @param {HashFunction=} options.hashFunction the hash function to use
+	 */
+	constructor(
+		fs,
+		{
+			unmanagedPaths = [],
+			managedPaths = [],
+			immutablePaths = [],
+			logger,
+			hashFunction = DEFAULTS.HASH_FUNCTION
+		} = {}
+	) {
+		/** @type {InputFileSystem} */
+		this.fs = fs;
+		this.logger = logger;
+		/** @type {number} */
+		this._remainingLogs = logger ? 40 : 0;
+		/** @type {LoggedPaths | undefined} */
+		this._loggedPaths = logger ? new Set() : undefined;
+		/** @type {HashFunction} */
+		this._hashFunction = hashFunction;
+		/** @type {WeakMap<Snapshot, boolean | CheckSnapshotValidCallback[]>} */
+		this._snapshotCache = new WeakMap();
+		/** @type {SnapshotOptimization<FileSystemInfoEntry | null, false>} */
+		this._fileTimestampsOptimization = new SnapshotOptimization(
+			(s) => s.hasFileTimestamps(),
+			(s) => s.fileTimestamps,
+			(s, v) => s.setFileTimestamps(v)
+		);
+		/** @type {SnapshotOptimization<string | null, false>} */
+		this._fileHashesOptimization = new SnapshotOptimization(
+			(s) => s.hasFileHashes(),
+			(s) => s.fileHashes,
+			(s, v) => s.setFileHashes(v),
+			false
+		);
+		/** @type {SnapshotOptimization<string | TimestampAndHash | null, false>} */
+		this._fileTshsOptimization = new SnapshotOptimization(
+			(s) => s.hasFileTshs(),
+			(s) => s.fileTshs,
+			(s, v) => s.setFileTshs(v)
+		);
+		/** @type {SnapshotOptimization<ResolvedContextFileSystemInfoEntry | null, false>} */
+		this._contextTimestampsOptimization = new SnapshotOptimization(
+			(s) => s.hasContextTimestamps(),
+			(s) => s.contextTimestamps,
+			(s, v) => s.setContextTimestamps(v)
+		);
+		/** @type {SnapshotOptimization<string | null, false>} */
+		this._contextHashesOptimization = new SnapshotOptimization(
+			(s) => s.hasContextHashes(),
+			(s) => s.contextHashes,
+			(s, v) => s.setContextHashes(v),
+			false
+		);
+		/** @type {SnapshotOptimization<ResolvedContextTimestampAndHash | null, false>} */
+		this._contextTshsOptimization = new SnapshotOptimization(
+			(s) => s.hasContextTshs(),
+			(s) => s.contextTshs,
+			(s, v) => s.setContextTshs(v)
+		);
+		/** @type {SnapshotOptimization<boolean, false>} */
+		this._missingExistenceOptimization = new SnapshotOptimization(
+			(s) => s.hasMissingExistence(),
+			(s) => s.missingExistence,
+			(s, v) => s.setMissingExistence(v),
+			false
+		);
+		/** @type {SnapshotOptimization<string, false>} */
+		this._managedItemInfoOptimization = new SnapshotOptimization(
+			(s) => s.hasManagedItemInfo(),
+			(s) => s.managedItemInfo,
+			(s, v) => s.setManagedItemInfo(v),
+			false
+		);
+		this._managedFilesOptimization = new SnapshotOptimization(
+			(s) => s.hasManagedFiles(),
+			(s) => s.managedFiles,
+			(s, v) => s.setManagedFiles(v),
+			false,
+			true
+		);
+		this._managedContextsOptimization = new SnapshotOptimization(
+			(s) => s.hasManagedContexts(),
+			(s) => s.managedContexts,
+			(s, v) => s.setManagedContexts(v),
+			false,
+			true
+		);
+		this._managedMissingOptimization = new SnapshotOptimization(
+			(s) => s.hasManagedMissing(),
+			(s) => s.managedMissing,
+			(s, v) => s.setManagedMissing(v),
+			false,
+			true
+		);
+		/** @type {StackedCacheMap<string, FileTimestamp>} */
+		this._fileTimestamps = new StackedCacheMap();
+		/** @type {Map<string, string | null>} */
+		this._fileHashes = new Map();
+		/** @type {Map<string, TimestampAndHash | string>} */
+		this._fileTshs = new Map();
+		/** @type {StackedCacheMap<string, ContextTimestamp>} */
+		this._contextTimestamps = new StackedCacheMap();
+		/** @type {Map<string, ContextHash>} */
+		this._contextHashes = new Map();
+		/** @type {Map<string, ContextTimestampAndHash>} */
+		this._contextTshs = new Map();
+		/** @type {Map<string, string>} */
+		this._managedItems = new Map();
+		// memoized checkManaged results: 0 = not managed, 1 = immutable, string = managed item
+		/** @type {Map<string, 0 | 1 | string>} */
+		this._pathClassificationCache = new Map();
+		/** @type {AsyncQueue<string, string, FileSystemInfoEntry>} */
+		this.fileTimestampQueue = new AsyncQueue({
+			name: "file timestamp",
+			parallelism: 30,
+			processor: this._readFileTimestamp.bind(this)
+		});
+		/** @type {AsyncQueue<string, string, string>} */
+		this.fileHashQueue = new AsyncQueue({
+			name: "file hash",
+			parallelism: 10,
+			processor: this._readFileHash.bind(this)
+		});
+		/** @type {AsyncQueue<string, string, ContextFileSystemInfoEntry>} */
+		this.contextTimestampQueue = new AsyncQueue({
+			name: "context timestamp",
+			parallelism: 2,
+			processor: this._readContextTimestamp.bind(this)
+		});
+		/** @type {AsyncQueue<string, string, ContextHash>} */
+		this.contextHashQueue = new AsyncQueue({
+			name: "context hash",
+			parallelism: 2,
+			processor: this._readContextHash.bind(this)
+		});
+		/** @type {AsyncQueue<string, string, ContextTimestampAndHash>} */
+		this.contextTshQueue = new AsyncQueue({
+			name: "context hash and timestamp",
+			parallelism: 2,
+			processor: this._readContextTimestampAndHash.bind(this)
+		});
+		/** @type {AsyncQueue<string, string, string>} */
+		this.managedItemQueue = new AsyncQueue({
+			name: "managed item info",
+			parallelism: 10,
+			processor: this._getManagedItemInfo.bind(this)
+		});
+		/** @type {AsyncQueue<string, string, Set<string>>} */
+		this.managedItemDirectoryQueue = new AsyncQueue({
+			name: "managed item directory info",
+			parallelism: 10,
+			processor: this._getManagedItemDirectoryInfo.bind(this)
+		});
+		const _unmanagedPaths = [...unmanagedPaths];
+		/** @type {string[]} */
+		this.unmanagedPathsWithSlash = _unmanagedPaths
+			.filter((p) => typeof p === "string")
+			.map((p) => join(fs, p, "_").slice(0, -1));
+		/** @type {RegExp[]} */
+		this.unmanagedPathsRegExps = _unmanagedPaths.filter(
+			(p) => typeof p !== "string"
+		);
+
+		this.managedPaths = [...managedPaths];
+		/** @type {string[]} */
+		this.managedPathsWithSlash = this.managedPaths
+			.filter((p) => typeof p === "string")
+			.map((p) => join(fs, p, "_").slice(0, -1));
+		/** @type {RegExp[]} */
+		this.managedPathsRegExps = this.managedPaths.filter(
+			(p) => typeof p !== "string"
+		);
+
+		this.immutablePaths = [...immutablePaths];
+		/** @type {string[]} */
+		this.immutablePathsWithSlash = this.immutablePaths
+			.filter((p) => typeof p === "string")
+			.map((p) => join(fs, p, "_").slice(0, -1));
+		/** @type {RegExp[]} */
+		this.immutablePathsRegExps = this.immutablePaths.filter(
+			(p) => typeof p !== "string"
+		);
+
+		/** @type {Map<string, number | null> | undefined} */
+		this._cachedDeprecatedFileTimestamps = undefined;
+		/** @type {Map<string, number | null> | undefined} */
+		this._cachedDeprecatedContextTimestamps = undefined;
+
+		/** @type {boolean} */
+		this._warnAboutExperimentalEsmTracking = false;
+
+		/** @type {number} */
+		this._statCreatedSnapshots = 0;
+		/** @type {number} */
+		this._statTestedSnapshotsCached = 0;
+		/** @type {number} */
+		this._statTestedSnapshotsNotCached = 0;
+		/** @type {number} */
+		this._statTestedChildrenCached = 0;
+		/** @type {number} */
+		this._statTestedChildrenNotCached = 0;
+		/** @type {number} */
+		this._statTestedEntries = 0;
+	}
+
+	logStatistics() {
+		const logger = /** @type {Logger} */ (this.logger);
+		/**
+		 * Processes the provided header.
+		 * @param {string} header header
+		 * @param {string | undefined} message message
+		 */
+		const logWhenMessage = (header, message) => {
+			if (message) {
+				logger.log(`${header}: ${message}`);
+			}
+		};
+		logger.log(`${this._statCreatedSnapshots} new snapshots created`);
+		logger.log(
+			`${
+				this._statTestedSnapshotsNotCached &&
+				Math.round(
+					(this._statTestedSnapshotsNotCached * 100) /
+						(this._statTestedSnapshotsCached +
+							this._statTestedSnapshotsNotCached)
+				)
+			}% root snapshot uncached (${this._statTestedSnapshotsNotCached} / ${
+				this._statTestedSnapshotsCached + this._statTestedSnapshotsNotCached
+			})`
+		);
+		logger.log(
+			`${
+				this._statTestedChildrenNotCached &&
+				Math.round(
+					(this._statTestedChildrenNotCached * 100) /
+						(this._statTestedChildrenCached + this._statTestedChildrenNotCached)
+				)
+			}% children snapshot uncached (${this._statTestedChildrenNotCached} / ${
+				this._statTestedChildrenCached + this._statTestedChildrenNotCached
+			})`
+		);
+		logger.log(`${this._statTestedEntries} entries tested`);
+		logger.log(
+			`File info in cache: ${this._fileTimestamps.size} timestamps ${this._fileHashes.size} hashes ${this._fileTshs.size} timestamp hash combinations`
+		);
+		logWhenMessage(
+			"File timestamp snapshot optimization",
+			this._fileTimestampsOptimization.getStatisticMessage()
+		);
+		logWhenMessage(
+			"File hash snapshot optimization",
+			this._fileHashesOptimization.getStatisticMessage()
+		);
+		logWhenMessage(
+			"File timestamp hash combination snapshot optimization",
+			this._fileTshsOptimization.getStatisticMessage()
+		);
+		logger.log(
+			`Directory info in cache: ${this._contextTimestamps.size} timestamps ${this._contextHashes.size} hashes ${this._contextTshs.size} timestamp hash combinations`
+		);
+		logWhenMessage(
+			"Directory timestamp snapshot optimization",
+			this._contextTimestampsOptimization.getStatisticMessage()
+		);
+		logWhenMessage(
+			"Directory hash snapshot optimization",
+			this._contextHashesOptimization.getStatisticMessage()
+		);
+		logWhenMessage(
+			"Directory timestamp hash combination snapshot optimization",
+			this._contextTshsOptimization.getStatisticMessage()
+		);
+		logWhenMessage(
+			"Missing items snapshot optimization",
+			this._missingExistenceOptimization.getStatisticMessage()
+		);
+		logger.log(`Managed items info in cache: ${this._managedItems.size} items`);
+		logWhenMessage(
+			"Managed items snapshot optimization",
+			this._managedItemInfoOptimization.getStatisticMessage()
+		);
+		logWhenMessage(
+			"Managed files snapshot optimization",
+			this._managedFilesOptimization.getStatisticMessage()
+		);
+		logWhenMessage(
+			"Managed contexts snapshot optimization",
+			this._managedContextsOptimization.getStatisticMessage()
+		);
+		logWhenMessage(
+			"Managed missing snapshot optimization",
+			this._managedMissingOptimization.getStatisticMessage()
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Processes the provided path.
+	 * @private
+	 * @param {string} path path
+	 * @param {string} reason reason
+	 * @param {EXPECTED_ANY[]} args arguments
+	 */
+	_log(path, reason, ...args) {
+		const key = path + reason;
+		const loggedPaths = /** @type {LoggedPaths} */ (this._loggedPaths);
+		if (loggedPaths.has(key)) return;
+		loggedPaths.add(key);
+		/** @type {Logger} */
+		(this.logger).debug(`${path} invalidated because ${reason}`, ...args);
+		if (--this._remainingLogs === 0) {
+			/** @type {Logger} */
+			(this.logger).debug(
+				"Logging limit has been reached and no further logging will be emitted by FileSystemInfo"
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	clear() {
+		this._remainingLogs = this.logger ? 40 : 0;
+		if (this._loggedPaths !== undefined) this._loggedPaths.clear();
+
+		this._snapshotCache = new WeakMap();
+		this._fileTimestampsOptimization.clear();
+		this._fileHashesOptimization.clear();
+		this._fileTshsOptimization.clear();
+		this._contextTimestampsOptimization.clear();
+		this._contextHashesOptimization.clear();
+		this._contextTshsOptimization.clear();
+		this._missingExistenceOptimization.clear();
+		this._managedItemInfoOptimization.clear();
+		this._managedFilesOptimization.clear();
+		this._managedContextsOptimization.clear();
+		this._managedMissingOptimization.clear();
+		this._fileTimestamps.clear();
+		this._fileHashes.clear();
+		this._fileTshs.clear();
+		this._contextTimestamps.clear();
+		this._contextHashes.clear();
+		this._contextTshs.clear();
+		this._managedItems.clear();
+		this._pathClassificationCache.clear();
+
+		this._cachedDeprecatedFileTimestamps = undefined;
+		this._cachedDeprecatedContextTimestamps = undefined;
+
+		this._statCreatedSnapshots = 0;
+		this._statTestedSnapshotsCached = 0;
+		this._statTestedSnapshotsNotCached = 0;
+		this._statTestedChildrenCached = 0;
+		this._statTestedChildrenNotCached = 0;
+		this._statTestedEntries = 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds file timestamps.
+	 * @param {ReadonlyMap<string, FileTimestamp>} map timestamps
+	 * @param {boolean=} immutable if 'map' is immutable and FileSystemInfo can keep referencing it
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	addFileTimestamps(map, immutable) {
+		this._fileTimestamps.addAll(map, immutable);
+		this._cachedDeprecatedFileTimestamps = undefined;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds context timestamps.
+	 * @param {ReadonlyMap<string, ContextTimestamp>} map timestamps
+	 * @param {boolean=} immutable if 'map' is immutable and FileSystemInfo can keep referencing it
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	addContextTimestamps(map, immutable) {
+		this._contextTimestamps.addAll(map, immutable);
+		this._cachedDeprecatedContextTimestamps = undefined;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets file timestamp.
+	 * @param {string} path file path
+	 * @param {(err?: WebpackError | null, fileTimestamp?: FileSystemInfoEntry | "ignore" | null) => void} callback callback function
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	getFileTimestamp(path, callback) {
+		const cache = this._fileTimestamps.get(path);
+		if (cache !== undefined && !isExistenceOnly(cache)) {
+			return callback(
+				null,
+				/** @type {FileSystemInfoEntry | "ignore" | null} */ (cache)
+			);
+		}
+		this.fileTimestampQueue.add(path, callback);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets context timestamp.
+	 * @param {string} path context path
+	 * @param {(err?: WebpackError | null, resolvedContextTimestamp?: ResolvedContextTimestamp) => void} callback callback function
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	getContextTimestamp(path, callback) {
+		const cache = this._contextTimestamps.get(path);
+		if (cache !== undefined && !isExistenceOnly(cache)) {
+			if (cache === "ignore") return callback(null, "ignore");
+			const fullEntry =
+				/** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry | null} */
+				(cache);
+			const resolved = getResolvedTimestamp(fullEntry);
+			if (resolved !== undefined) return callback(null, resolved);
+			return this._resolveContextTimestamp(
+				/** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry} */
+				(fullEntry),
+				callback
+			);
+		}
+		this._readFreshContextTimestamp(path, callback);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Reads a context timestamp directly from disk, bypassing any cached
+	 * entry. Used by `getContextTimestamp` and the snapshot validity
+	 * checks when the cached entry is missing or is an `ExistenceOnlyTimeEntry`
+	 * (`{}`) supplied by watchpack — both cases require a fresh read to
+	 * obtain the `timestampHash`.
+	 * @private
+	 * @param {string} path context path
+	 * @param {(err?: WebpackError | null, resolvedContextTimestamp?: ResolvedContextTimestamp) => void} callback callback function
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	_readFreshContextTimestamp(path, callback) {
+		this.contextTimestampQueue.add(path, (err, _entry) => {
+			if (err) return callback(err);
+			const entry = /** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry | null} */ (_entry);
+			if (entry === null) return callback(null, null);
+			const resolved = getResolvedTimestamp(entry);
+			if (resolved !== undefined) return callback(null, resolved);
+			this._resolveContextTimestamp(entry, callback);
+		});
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get unresolved context timestamp. Existence-only cache entries (`{}`)
+	 * are bypassed so the callback always receives a complete entry, "ignore"
+	 * or null.
+	 * @private
+	 * @param {string} path context path
+	 * @param {(err?: WebpackError | null, contextTimestamp?: ContextFileSystemInfoEntry | "ignore" | null) => void} callback callback function
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	_getUnresolvedContextTimestamp(path, callback) {
+		const cache = this._contextTimestamps.get(path);
+		if (
+			cache !== undefined &&
+			!isExistenceOnly(cache) &&
+			!contextCacheEntryLacksTimestampHash(
+				/** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry | null | "ignore"} */ (cache)
+			)
+		) {
+			return callback(
+				null,
+				/** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry | "ignore" | null} */ (cache)
+			);
+		}
+		this.contextTimestampQueue.add(path, callback);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns file hash.
+	 * @param {string} path file path
+	 * @param {(err?: WebpackError | null, hash?: string | null) => void} callback callback function
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	getFileHash(path, callback) {
+		const cache = this._fileHashes.get(path);
+		if (cache !== undefined) return callback(null, cache);
+		this.fileHashQueue.add(path, callback);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns context hash.
+	 * @param {string} path context path
+	 * @param {(err?: WebpackError | null, contextHash?: string) => void} callback callback function
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	getContextHash(path, callback) {
+		const cache = this._contextHashes.get(path);
+		if (cache !== undefined) {
+			const resolved = getResolvedHash(cache);
+			if (resolved !== undefined) {
+				return callback(null, /** @type {string} */ (resolved));
+			}
+			return this._resolveContextHash(cache, callback);
+		}
+		this.contextHashQueue.add(path, (err, _entry) => {
+			if (err) return callback(err);
+			const entry = /** @type {ContextHash} */ (_entry);
+			const resolved = getResolvedHash(entry);
+			if (resolved !== undefined) {
+				return callback(null, /** @type {string} */ (resolved));
+			}
+			this._resolveContextHash(entry, callback);
+		});
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get unresolved context hash.
+	 * @private
+	 * @param {string} path context path
+	 * @param {(err?: WebpackError | null, contextHash?: ContextHash | null) => void} callback callback function
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	_getUnresolvedContextHash(path, callback) {
+		const cache = this._contextHashes.get(path);
+		if (cache !== undefined) return callback(null, cache);
+		this.contextHashQueue.add(path, callback);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns context tsh.
+	 * @param {string} path context path
+	 * @param {(err?: WebpackError | null, resolvedContextTimestampAndHash?: ResolvedContextTimestampAndHash | null) => void} callback callback function
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	getContextTsh(path, callback) {
+		const cache = this._contextTshs.get(path);
+		if (cache !== undefined) {
+			const resolved = getResolvedTimestamp(cache);
+			if (resolved !== undefined) return callback(null, resolved);
+			return this._resolveContextTsh(cache, callback);
+		}
+		this.contextTshQueue.add(path, (err, _entry) => {
+			if (err) return callback(err);
+			const entry = /** @type {ContextTimestampAndHash} */ (_entry);
+			const resolved = getResolvedTimestamp(entry);
+			if (resolved !== undefined) return callback(null, resolved);
+			this._resolveContextTsh(entry, callback);
+		});
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get unresolved context tsh.
+	 * @private
+	 * @param {string} path context path
+	 * @param {(err?: WebpackError | null, contextTimestampAndHash?: ContextTimestampAndHash | null) => void} callback callback function
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	_getUnresolvedContextTsh(path, callback) {
+		const cache = this._contextTshs.get(path);
+		if (cache !== undefined) return callback(null, cache);
+		this.contextTshQueue.add(path, callback);
+	}
+
+	_createBuildDependenciesResolvers() {
+		const resolveContext = createResolver({
+			resolveToContext: true,
+			exportsFields: [],
+			fileSystem: this.fs
+		});
+		const resolveCjs = createResolver({
+			extensions: [".js", ".json", ".node"],
+			conditionNames: ["require", "module-sync", "node"],
+			exportsFields: ["exports"],
+			fileSystem: this.fs
+		});
+		const resolveCjsAsChild = createResolver({
+			extensions: [".js", ".json", ".node"],
+			conditionNames: ["require", "module-sync", "node"],
+			exportsFields: [],
+			fileSystem: this.fs
+		});
+		const resolveEsm = createResolver({
+			extensions: [".js", ".json", ".node"],
+			fullySpecified: true,
+			conditionNames: ["import", "module-sync", "node"],
+			exportsFields: ["exports"],
+			fileSystem: this.fs
+		});
+		return { resolveContext, resolveEsm, resolveCjs, resolveCjsAsChild };
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Resolves build dependencies.
+	 * @param {string} context context directory
+	 * @param {Iterable<string>} deps dependencies
+	 * @param {Iterable<string> | undefined} optionalDeps optional dependencies that may be missing
+	 * @param {(err?: Error | null, resolveBuildDependenciesResult?: ResolveBuildDependenciesResult) => void} callback callback function
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	resolveBuildDependencies(context, deps, optionalDeps, callback) {
+		/** @type {Set<string>} */
+		const optional = new Set(optionalDeps);
+		const { resolveContext, resolveEsm, resolveCjs, resolveCjsAsChild } =
+			this._createBuildDependenciesResolvers();
+
+		/** @type {Files} */
+		const files = new Set();
+		/** @type {Symlinks} */
+		const fileSymlinks = new Set();
+		/** @type {Directories} */
+		const directories = new Set();
+		/** @type {Symlinks} */
+		const directorySymlinks = new Set();
+		/** @type {Missing} */
+		const missing = new Set();
+		/** @type {ResolveDependencies["files"]} */
+		const resolveFiles = new Set();
+		/** @type {ResolveDependencies["directories"]} */
+		const resolveDirectories = new Set();
+		/** @type {ResolveDependencies["missing"]} */
+		const resolveMissing = new Set();
+		/** @type {ResolveResults} */
+		const resolveResults = new Map();
+		/** @type {Set<string>} */
+		const invalidResolveResults = new Set();
+		const resolverContext = {
+			fileDependencies: resolveFiles,
+			contextDependencies: resolveDirectories,
+			missingDependencies: resolveMissing
+		};
+		/**
+		 * Expected to string.
+		 * @param {undefined | boolean | string} expected expected result
+		 * @returns {string} expected result
+		 */
+		const expectedToString = (expected) =>
+			expected ? ` (expected ${expected})` : "";
+		/** @typedef {{ type: JobType, context: string | undefined, path: string, issuer: Job | undefined, expected: undefined | boolean | string }} Job */
+
+		/**
+		 * Returns result.
+		 * @param {Job} job job
+		 * @returns {string} result
+		 */
+		const jobToString = (job) => {
+			switch (job.type) {
+				case RBDT_RESOLVE_FILE:
+					return `resolve file ${job.path}${expectedToString(job.expected)}`;
+				case RBDT_RESOLVE_DIRECTORY:
+					return `resolve directory ${job.path}`;
+				case RBDT_RESOLVE_CJS_FILE:
+					return `resolve commonjs file ${job.path}${expectedToString(
+						job.expected
+					)}`;
+				case RBDT_RESOLVE_ESM_FILE:
+					return `resolve esm file ${job.path}${expectedToString(
+						job.expected
+					)}`;
+				case RBDT_DIRECTORY:
+					return `directory ${job.path}`;
+				case RBDT_FILE:
+					return `file ${job.path}`;
+				case RBDT_DIRECTORY_DEPENDENCIES:
+					return `directory dependencies ${job.path}`;
+				case RBDT_FILE_DEPENDENCIES:
+					return `file dependencies ${job.path}`;
+			}
+			return `unknown ${job.type} ${job.path}`;
+		};
+		/**
+		 * Returns string value.
+		 * @param {Job} job job
+		 * @returns {string} string value
+		 */
+		const pathToString = (job) => {
+			let result = ` at ${jobToString(job)}`;
+			/** @type {Job | undefined} */
+			(job) = job.issuer;
+			while (job !== undefined) {
+				result += `\n at ${jobToString(job)}`;
+				job = /** @type {Job} */ (job.issuer);
+			}
+			return result;
+		};
+		const logger = /** @type {Logger} */ (this.logger);
+		processAsyncTree(
+			Array.from(
+				deps,
+				(dep) =>
+					/** @type {Job} */ ({
+						type: RBDT_RESOLVE_INITIAL,
+						context,
+						path: dep,
+						expected: optional.has(dep) ? false : undefined,
+						issuer: undefined
+					})
+			),
+			20,
+			(job, push, callback) => {
+				const { type, context, path, expected } = job;
+				/**
+				 * Resolves directory.
+				 * @param {string} path path
+				 * @returns {void}
+				 */
+				const resolveDirectory = (path) => {
+					const key = `d\n${context}\n${path}`;
+					if (resolveResults.has(key)) {
+						return callback();
+					}
+					resolveResults.set(key, undefined);
+					resolveContext(
+						/** @type {string} */ (context),
+						path,
+						resolverContext,
+						(err, _, result) => {
+							if (err) {
+								if (expected === false) {
+									resolveResults.set(key, false);
+									resolveMissing.add(path);
+									return callback();
+								}
+								invalidResolveResults.add(key);
+								err.message += `\nwhile resolving '${path}' in ${context} to a directory`;
+								return callback(err);
+							}
+							const resultPath = /** @type {ResolveRequest} */ (result).path;
+							resolveResults.set(key, resultPath);
+							push({
+								type: RBDT_DIRECTORY,
+								context: undefined,
+								path: /** @type {string} */ (resultPath),
+								expected: undefined,
+								issuer: job
+							});
+							callback();
+						}
+					);
+				};
+				/**
+				 * Processes the provided path.
+				 * @param {string} path path
+				 * @param {("f" | "c" | "e")=} symbol symbol
+				 * @param {(ResolveFunctionAsync)=} resolve resolve fn
+				 * @returns {void}
+				 */
+				const resolveFile = (path, symbol, resolve) => {
+					const key = `${symbol}\n${context}\n${path}`;
+					if (resolveResults.has(key)) {
+						return callback();
+					}
+					resolveResults.set(key, undefined);
+					/** @type {ResolveFunctionAsync} */
+					(resolve)(
+						/** @type {string} */ (context),
+						path,
+						resolverContext,
+						(err, _, result) => {
+							if (typeof expected === "string") {
+								if (!err && result && result.path === expected) {
+									resolveResults.set(key, result.path);
+								} else {
+									invalidResolveResults.add(key);
+									logger.warn(
+										`Resolving '${path}' in ${context} for build dependencies doesn't lead to expected result '${expected}', but to '${
+											err || (result && result.path)
+										}' instead. Resolving dependencies are ignored for this path.\n${pathToString(
+											job
+										)}`
+									);
+								}
+							} else {
+								if (err) {
+									if (expected === false) {
+										resolveResults.set(key, false);
+										resolveMissing.add(path);
+										return callback();
+									}
+									invalidResolveResults.add(key);
+									err.message += `\nwhile resolving '${path}' in ${context} as file\n${pathToString(
+										job
+									)}`;
+									return callback(err);
+								}
+								const resultPath = /** @type {ResolveRequest} */ (result).path;
+								resolveResults.set(key, resultPath);
+								push({
+									type: RBDT_FILE,
+									context: undefined,
+									path: /** @type {string} */ (resultPath),
+									expected: undefined,
+									issuer: job
+								});
+							}
+							callback();
+						}
+					);
+				};
+				const resolvedType =
+					type === RBDT_RESOLVE_INITIAL
+						? /[\\/]$/.test(path)
+							? RBDT_RESOLVE_DIRECTORY
+							: RBDT_RESOLVE_FILE
+						: type;
+				switch (resolvedType) {
+					case RBDT_RESOLVE_FILE: {
+						resolveFile(
+							path,
+							"f",
+							/\.mjs$/.test(path) ? resolveEsm : resolveCjs
+						);
+						break;
+					}
+					case RBDT_RESOLVE_DIRECTORY: {
+						resolveDirectory(
+							type === RBDT_RESOLVE_INITIAL ? path.slice(0, -1) : path
+						);
+						break;
+					}
+					case RBDT_RESOLVE_CJS_FILE: {
+						resolveFile(path, "f", resolveCjs);
+						break;
+					}
+					case RBDT_RESOLVE_CJS_FILE_AS_CHILD: {
+						resolveFile(path, "c", resolveCjsAsChild);
+						break;
+					}
+					case RBDT_RESOLVE_ESM_FILE: {
+						resolveFile(path, "e", resolveEsm);
+						break;
+					}
+					case RBDT_FILE: {
+						if (files.has(path)) {
+							callback();
+							break;
+						}
+						files.add(path);
+						/** @type {NonNullable<InputFileSystem["realpath"]>} */
+						(this.fs.realpath)(path, (err, _realPath) => {
+							if (err) return callback(err);
+							const realPath = /** @type {string} */ (_realPath);
+							if (realPath !== path) {
+								fileSymlinks.add(path);
+								resolveFiles.add(path);
+								if (files.has(realPath)) return callback();
+								files.add(realPath);
+							}
+							push({
+								type: RBDT_FILE_DEPENDENCIES,
+								context: undefined,
+								path: realPath,
+								expected: undefined,
+								issuer: job
+							});
+							callback();
+						});
+						break;
+					}
+					case RBDT_DIRECTORY: {
+						if (directories.has(path)) {
+							callback();
+							break;
+						}
+						directories.add(path);
+						/** @type {NonNullable<InputFileSystem["realpath"]>} */
+						(this.fs.realpath)(path, (err, _realPath) => {
+							if (err) return callback(err);
+							const realPath = /** @type {string} */ (_realPath);
+							if (realPath !== path) {
+								directorySymlinks.add(path);
+								resolveFiles.add(path);
+								if (directories.has(realPath)) return callback();
+								directories.add(realPath);
+							}
+							push({
+								type: RBDT_DIRECTORY_DEPENDENCIES,
+								context: undefined,
+								path: realPath,
+								expected: undefined,
+								issuer: job
+							});
+							callback();
+						});
+						break;
+					}
+					case RBDT_FILE_DEPENDENCIES: {
+						// Check for known files without dependencies
+						if (/\.json5?$|\.yarn-integrity$|yarn\.lock$|\.ya?ml/.test(path)) {
+							process.nextTick(callback);
+							break;
+						}
+						// Check commonjs cache for the module
+						/** @type {NodeModule | undefined} */
+						const module = require.cache[path];
+						if (
+							module &&
+							Array.isArray(module.children) &&
+							// https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/59868
+							// Force use `es-module-lexer` for mjs
+							!/\.mjs$/.test(path)
+						) {
+							children: for (const child of module.children) {
+								const childPath = child.filename;
+								if (childPath) {
+									push({
+										type: RBDT_FILE,
+										context: undefined,
+										path: childPath,
+										expected: undefined,
+										issuer: job
+									});
+									const context = dirname(this.fs, path);
+									for (const modulePath of module.paths) {
+										if (childPath.startsWith(modulePath)) {
+											const subPath = childPath.slice(modulePath.length + 1);
+											const packageMatch = /^@[^\\/]+[\\/][^\\/]+/.exec(
+												subPath
+											);
+											if (packageMatch) {
+												push({
+													type: RBDT_FILE,
+													context: undefined,
+													path: `${
+														modulePath +
+														childPath[modulePath.length] +
+														packageMatch[0] +
+														childPath[modulePath.length]
+													}package.json`,
+													expected: false,
+													issuer: job
+												});
+											}
+											let request = subPath.replace(/\\/g, "/");
+											if (request.endsWith(".js")) {
+												request = request.slice(0, -3);
+											}
+											push({
+												type: RBDT_RESOLVE_CJS_FILE_AS_CHILD,
+												context,
+												path: request,
+												expected: child.filename,
+												issuer: job
+											});
+											continue children;
+										}
+									}
+									let request = relative(this.fs, context, childPath);
+									if (request.endsWith(".js")) request = request.slice(0, -3);
+									request = request.replace(/\\/g, "/");
+									if (!request.startsWith("../") && !isAbsolute(request)) {
+										request = `./${request}`;
+									}
+									push({
+										type: RBDT_RESOLVE_CJS_FILE,
+										context,
+										path: request,
+										expected: child.filename,
+										issuer: job
+									});
+								}
+							}
+							// On Bun the children array is empty (unpopulated), so recover the
+							// static require() specifiers by parsing the source; Node/Deno don't.
+							/* istanbul ignore next */
+							if (IS_BUN && module.children.length === 0) {
+								this.fs.readFile(path, (err, content) => {
+									if (err) return callback(err);
+									try {
+										const context = dirname(this.fs, path);
+										const source = /** @type {Buffer} */ (content).toString();
+										for (const dependency of collectCjsRequireSpecifiers(
+											source
+										)) {
+											if (dependency.startsWith("node:")) continue;
+											if (builtinModules.has(dependency)) continue;
+											push({
+												type: RBDT_RESOLVE_CJS_FILE,
+												context,
+												path: dependency,
+												// Best effort: tolerate specifiers that don't resolve.
+												expected: false,
+												issuer: job
+											});
+										}
+									} catch (_err) {
+										// Source we can't parse as CommonJS — ignore its dependencies.
+									}
+									process.nextTick(callback);
+								});
+								break;
+							}
+						} else if (supportsEsm && /\.m?js$/.test(path)) {
+							if (!this._warnAboutExperimentalEsmTracking) {
+								logger.log(
+									"Node.js doesn't offer a (nice) way to introspect the ESM dependency graph yet.\n" +
+										"Until a full solution is available webpack uses an experimental ESM tracking based on parsing.\n" +
+										"As best effort webpack parses the ESM files to guess dependencies. But this can lead to expensive and incorrect tracking."
+								);
+								this._warnAboutExperimentalEsmTracking = true;
+							}
+
+							const lexer = getEsModuleLexer();
+
+							lexer.init.then(() => {
+								this.fs.readFile(path, (err, content) => {
+									if (err) return callback(err);
+									try {
+										const context = dirname(this.fs, path);
+										const source = /** @type {Buffer} */ (content).toString();
+										const [imports] = lexer.parse(source);
+										/** @type {Set<string>} */
+										const added = new Set();
+										for (const imp of imports) {
+											try {
+												// import.meta
+												if (imp.d === -2) {
+													continue;
+												}
+
+												/** @type {string | null} */
+												const dependency =
+													imp.n ||
+													parseString(source.slice(imp.s, imp.e).trim());
+
+												if (!dependency) {
+													continue;
+												}
+
+												// We should not track Node.js build dependencies
+												if (dependency.startsWith("node:")) continue;
+												if (builtinModules.has(dependency)) continue;
+												// Avoid extra jobs for identical imports
+												if (added.has(dependency)) continue;
+
+												push({
+													type: RBDT_RESOLVE_ESM_FILE,
+													context,
+													path: dependency,
+													expected: imp.d > -1 ? false : undefined,
+													issuer: job
+												});
+												added.add(dependency);
+											} catch (err1) {
+												logger.warn(
+													`Parsing of ${path} for build dependencies failed at 'import(${source.slice(
+														imp.s,
+														imp.e
+													)})'.\n` +
+														"Build dependencies behind this expression are ignored and might cause incorrect cache invalidation."
+												);
+												logger.debug(pathToString(job));
+												logger.debug(/** @type {Error} */ (err1).stack);
+											}
+										}
+									} catch (err2) {
+										logger.warn(
+											`Parsing of ${path} for build dependencies failed and all dependencies of this file are ignored, which might cause incorrect cache invalidation..`
+										);
+										logger.debug(pathToString(job));
+										logger.debug(/** @type {Error} */ (err2).stack);
+									}
+									process.nextTick(callback);
+								});
+							}, callback);
+							break;
+						} else {
+							logger.log(
+								`Assuming ${path} has no dependencies as we were unable to assign it to any module system.`
+							);
+							logger.debug(pathToString(job));
+						}
+						process.nextTick(callback);
+						break;
+					}
+					case RBDT_DIRECTORY_DEPENDENCIES: {
+						const match =
+							/(^.+[\\/]node_modules[\\/](?:@[^\\/]+[\\/])?[^\\/]+)/.exec(path);
+						const packagePath = match ? match[1] : path;
+						const packageJson = join(this.fs, packagePath, "package.json");
+						this.fs.readFile(packageJson, (err, content) => {
+							if (err) {
+								if (err.code === "ENOENT") {
+									resolveMissing.add(packageJson);
+									const parent = dirname(this.fs, packagePath);
+									if (parent !== packagePath) {
+										push({
+											type: RBDT_DIRECTORY_DEPENDENCIES,
+											context: undefined,
+											path: parent,
+											expected: undefined,
+											issuer: job
+										});
+									}
+									callback();
+									return;
+								}
+								return callback(err);
+							}
+							resolveFiles.add(packageJson);
+							/** @type {JsonObject} */
+							let packageData;
+							try {
+								packageData = JSON.parse(
+									/** @type {Buffer} */
+									(content).toString("utf8")
+								);
+							} catch (parseErr) {
+								return callback(/** @type {Error} */ (parseErr));
+							}
+							const depsObject = packageData.dependencies;
+							const optionalDepsObject = packageData.optionalDependencies;
+							/** @type {Set<string>} */
+							const allDeps = new Set();
+							/** @type {Set<string>} */
+							const optionalDeps = new Set();
+							if (typeof depsObject === "object" && depsObject) {
+								for (const dep of Object.keys(depsObject)) {
+									allDeps.add(dep);
+								}
+							}
+							if (
+								typeof optionalDepsObject === "object" &&
+								optionalDepsObject
+							) {
+								for (const dep of Object.keys(optionalDepsObject)) {
+									allDeps.add(dep);
+									optionalDeps.add(dep);
+								}
+							}
+							for (const dep of allDeps) {
+								push({
+									type: RBDT_RESOLVE_DIRECTORY,
+									context: packagePath,
+									path: dep,
+									expected: !optionalDeps.has(dep),
+									issuer: job
+								});
+							}
+							callback();
+						});
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+			},
+			(err) => {
+				if (err) return callback(err);
+				for (const l of fileSymlinks) files.delete(l);
+				for (const l of directorySymlinks) directories.delete(l);
+				for (const k of invalidResolveResults) resolveResults.delete(k);
+				callback(null, {
+					files,
+					directories,
+					missing,
+					resolveResults,
+					resolveDependencies: {
+						files: resolveFiles,
+						directories: resolveDirectories,
+						missing: resolveMissing
+					}
+				});
+			}
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks resolve results valid.
+	 * @param {ResolveResults} resolveResults results from resolving
+	 * @param {(err?: Error | null, result?: boolean) => void} callback callback with true when resolveResults resolve the same way
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	checkResolveResultsValid(resolveResults, callback) {
+		const { resolveCjs, resolveCjsAsChild, resolveEsm, resolveContext } =
+			this._createBuildDependenciesResolvers();
+		asyncLib.eachLimit(
+			resolveResults,
+			20,
+			([key, expectedResult], callback) => {
+				const [type, context, path] = key.split("\n");
+				switch (type) {
+					case "d":
+						resolveContext(context, path, {}, (err, _, result) => {
+							if (expectedResult === false) {
+								return callback(err ? undefined : INVALID);
+							}
+							if (err) return callback(err);
+							const resultPath = /** @type {ResolveRequest} */ (result).path;
+							if (resultPath !== expectedResult) return callback(INVALID);
+							callback();
+						});
+						break;
+					case "f":
+						resolveCjs(context, path, {}, (err, _, result) => {
+							if (expectedResult === false) {
+								return callback(err ? undefined : INVALID);
+							}
+							if (err) return callback(err);
+							const resultPath = /** @type {ResolveRequest} */ (result).path;
+							if (resultPath !== expectedResult) return callback(INVALID);
+							callback();
+						});
+						break;
+					case "c":
+						resolveCjsAsChild(context, path, {}, (err, _, result) => {
+							if (expectedResult === false) {
+								return callback(err ? undefined : INVALID);
+							}
+							if (err) return callback(err);
+							const resultPath = /** @type {ResolveRequest} */ (result).path;
+							if (resultPath !== expectedResult) return callback(INVALID);
+							callback();
+						});
+						break;
+					case "e":
+						resolveEsm(context, path, {}, (err, _, result) => {
+							if (expectedResult === false) {
+								return callback(err ? undefined : INVALID);
+							}
+							if (err) return callback(err);
+							const resultPath = /** @type {ResolveRequest} */ (result).path;
+							if (resultPath !== expectedResult) return callback(INVALID);
+							callback();
+						});
+						break;
+					default:
+						callback(new Error("Unexpected type in resolve result key"));
+						break;
+				}
+			},
+			/**
+			 * Processes the provided err.
+			 * @param {(Error | typeof INVALID | null)=} err error or invalid flag
+			 * @returns {void}
+			 */
+			(err) => {
+				if (err === INVALID) {
+					return callback(null, false);
+				}
+				if (err) {
+					return callback(err);
+				}
+				return callback(null, true);
+			}
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a snapshot.
+	 * @param {number | null | undefined} startTime when processing the files has started
+	 * @param {Iterable<string> | null | undefined} files all files
+	 * @param {Iterable<string> | null | undefined} directories all directories
+	 * @param {Iterable<string> | null | undefined} missing all missing files or directories
+	 * @param {SnapshotOptions | null | undefined} options options object (for future extensions)
+	 * @param {(err: WebpackError | null, snapshot: Snapshot | null) => void} callback callback function
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	createSnapshot(startTime, files, directories, missing, options, callback) {
+		// collections are allocated lazily to avoid per-snapshot garbage for unused modes
+		/** @type {FileTimestamps | undefined} */
+		let fileTimestamps;
+		/** @type {FileHashes | undefined} */
+		let fileHashes;
+		/** @type {FileTshs | undefined} */
+		let fileTshs;
+		/** @type {ContextTimestamps | undefined} */
+		let contextTimestamps;
+		/** @type {ContextHashes | undefined} */
+		let contextHashes;
+		/** @type {ContextTshs | undefined} */
+		let contextTshs;
+		/** @type {MissingExistence | undefined} */
+		let missingExistence;
+		/** @type {ManagedItemInfo | undefined} */
+		let managedItemInfo;
+		/** @type {ManagedFiles} */
+		const managedFiles = new Set();
+		/** @type {ManagedContexts} */
+		const managedContexts = new Set();
+		/** @type {ManagedMissing} */
+		const managedMissing = new Set();
+
+		const snapshot = new Snapshot();
+		if (startTime) snapshot.setStartTime(startTime);
+
+		/** @type {Set<string>} */
+		const managedItems = new Set();
+
+		/** 1 = timestamp, 2 = hash, 3 = timestamp + hash */
+		const mode = options && options.hash ? (options.timestamp ? 3 : 2) : 1;
+
+		let jobs = 1;
+		const jobDone = () => {
+			if (--jobs === 0) {
+				if (fileTimestamps !== undefined && fileTimestamps.size !== 0) {
+					snapshot.setFileTimestamps(fileTimestamps);
+				}
+				if (fileHashes !== undefined && fileHashes.size !== 0) {
+					snapshot.setFileHashes(fileHashes);
+				}
+				if (fileTshs !== undefined && fileTshs.size !== 0) {
+					snapshot.setFileTshs(fileTshs);
+				}
+				if (contextTimestamps !== undefined && contextTimestamps.size !== 0) {
+					snapshot.setContextTimestamps(contextTimestamps);
+				}
+				if (contextHashes !== undefined && contextHashes.size !== 0) {
+					snapshot.setContextHashes(contextHashes);
+				}
+				if (contextTshs !== undefined && contextTshs.size !== 0) {
+					snapshot.setContextTshs(contextTshs);
+				}
+				if (missingExistence !== undefined && missingExistence.size !== 0) {
+					snapshot.setMissingExistence(missingExistence);
+				}
+				if (managedItemInfo !== undefined && managedItemInfo.size !== 0) {
+					snapshot.setManagedItemInfo(managedItemInfo);
+				}
+				this._managedFilesOptimization.optimize(snapshot, managedFiles);
+				if (managedFiles.size !== 0) {
+					snapshot.setManagedFiles(managedFiles);
+				}
+				this._managedContextsOptimization.optimize(snapshot, managedContexts);
+				if (managedContexts.size !== 0) {
+					snapshot.setManagedContexts(managedContexts);
+				}
+				this._managedMissingOptimization.optimize(snapshot, managedMissing);
+				if (managedMissing.size !== 0) {
+					snapshot.setManagedMissing(managedMissing);
+				}
+				this._snapshotCache.set(snapshot, true);
+				this._statCreatedSnapshots++;
+
+				callback(null, snapshot);
+			}
+		};
+		const jobError = () => {
+			if (jobs > 0) {
+				// large negative number instead of NaN or something else to keep jobs to stay a SMI (v8)
+				jobs = -100000000;
+				callback(null, null);
+			}
+		};
+		const classificationCache = this._pathClassificationCache;
+		/**
+		 * Checks true when managed.
+		 * @param {string} path path
+		 * @param {ManagedFiles} managedSet managed set
+		 * @returns {boolean} true when managed
+		 */
+		const checkManaged = (path, managedSet) => {
+			// classification is a pure function of the path, so it's shared across snapshots
+			const cached = classificationCache.get(path);
+			if (cached !== undefined) {
+				if (cached === 0) return false;
+				if (cached !== 1) managedItems.add(cached);
+				managedSet.add(path);
+				return true;
+			}
+			for (const unmanagedPath of this.unmanagedPathsRegExps) {
+				if (unmanagedPath.test(path)) {
+					classificationCache.set(path, 0);
+					return false;
+				}
+			}
+			for (const unmanagedPath of this.unmanagedPathsWithSlash) {
+				if (path.startsWith(unmanagedPath)) {
+					classificationCache.set(path, 0);
+					return false;
+				}
+			}
+			for (const immutablePath of this.immutablePathsRegExps) {
+				if (immutablePath.test(path)) {
+					classificationCache.set(path, 1);
+					managedSet.add(path);
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+			for (const immutablePath of this.immutablePathsWithSlash) {
+				if (path.startsWith(immutablePath)) {
+					classificationCache.set(path, 1);
+					managedSet.add(path);
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+			for (const managedPath of this.managedPathsRegExps) {
+				const match = managedPath.exec(path);
+				if (match) {
+					const managedItem = getManagedItem(
+						getManagedPathFromMatch(match),
+						path
+					);
+					if (managedItem) {
+						classificationCache.set(path, managedItem);
+						managedItems.add(managedItem);
+						managedSet.add(path);
+						return true;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			for (const managedPath of this.managedPathsWithSlash) {
+				if (path.startsWith(managedPath)) {
+					const managedItem = getManagedItem(managedPath, path);
+					if (managedItem) {
+						classificationCache.set(path, managedItem);
+						managedItems.add(managedItem);
+						managedSet.add(path);
+						return true;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			classificationCache.set(path, 0);
+			return false;
+		};
+		/**
+		 * Capture non managed.
+		 * @param {Iterable<string>} items items
+		 * @param {Set<string>} managedSet managed set
+		 * @returns {Set<string>} result
+		 */
+		const captureNonManaged = (items, managedSet) => {
+			/** @type {Set<string>} */
+			const capturedItems = new Set();
+			for (const path of items) {
+				if (!checkManaged(path, managedSet)) capturedItems.add(path);
+			}
+			return capturedItems;
+		};
+		/**
+		 * Process captured files.
+		 * @param {ManagedFiles} capturedFiles captured files
+		 */
+		const processCapturedFiles = (capturedFiles) => {
+			if (capturedFiles.size === 0) {
+				return;
+			}
+			switch (mode) {
+				case 3: {
+					this._fileTshsOptimization.optimize(snapshot, capturedFiles);
+					if (fileTshs === undefined) fileTshs = new Map();
+					const fileTshsMap = fileTshs;
+					for (const path of capturedFiles) {
+						const cache = this._fileTshs.get(path);
+						if (cache !== undefined) {
+							fileTshsMap.set(path, cache);
+						} else {
+							jobs++;
+							this._getFileTimestampAndHash(path, (err, entry) => {
+								if (err) {
+									if (this.logger) {
+										this.logger.debug(
+											`Error snapshotting file timestamp hash combination of ${path}: ${err.stack}`
+										);
+									}
+									jobError();
+								} else {
+									fileTshsMap.set(
+										path,
+										/** @type {TimestampAndHash} */ (entry)
+									);
+									jobDone();
+								}
+							});
+						}
+					}
+					break;
+				}
+				case 2: {
+					this._fileHashesOptimization.optimize(snapshot, capturedFiles);
+					if (fileHashes === undefined) fileHashes = new Map();
+					const fileHashesMap = fileHashes;
+					for (const path of capturedFiles) {
+						const cache = this._fileHashes.get(path);
+						if (cache !== undefined) {
+							fileHashesMap.set(path, cache);
+						} else {
+							jobs++;
+							this.fileHashQueue.add(path, (err, entry) => {
+								if (err) {
+									if (this.logger) {
+										this.logger.debug(
+											`Error snapshotting file hash of ${path}: ${err.stack}`
+										);
+									}
+									jobError();
+								} else {
+									fileHashesMap.set(path, /** @type {string} */ (entry));
+									jobDone();
+								}
+							});
+						}
+					}
+					break;
+				}
+				case 1: {
+					this._fileTimestampsOptimization.optimize(snapshot, capturedFiles);
+					if (fileTimestamps === undefined) fileTimestamps = new Map();
+					const fileTimestampsMap = fileTimestamps;
+					for (const path of capturedFiles) {
+						const cache = this._fileTimestamps.get(path);
+						if (cache !== undefined && !isExistenceOnly(cache)) {
+							if (cache !== "ignore") {
+								fileTimestampsMap.set(
+									path,
+									/** @type {FileSystemInfoEntry | null} */ (cache)
+								);
+							}
+						} else {
+							jobs++;
+							this.fileTimestampQueue.add(path, (err, entry) => {
+								if (err) {
+									if (this.logger) {
+										this.logger.debug(
+											`Error snapshotting file timestamp of ${path}: ${err.stack}`
+										);
+									}
+									jobError();
+								} else {
+									fileTimestampsMap.set(
+										path,
+										/** @type {FileSystemInfoEntry} */
+										(entry)
+									);
+									jobDone();
+								}
+							});
+						}
+					}
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		};
+		if (files) {
+			processCapturedFiles(captureNonManaged(files, managedFiles));
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Process captured directories.
+		 * @param {ManagedContexts} capturedDirectories captured directories
+		 */
+		const processCapturedDirectories = (capturedDirectories) => {
+			if (capturedDirectories.size === 0) {
+				return;
+			}
+			switch (mode) {
+				case 3: {
+					this._contextTshsOptimization.optimize(snapshot, capturedDirectories);
+					if (contextTshs === undefined) contextTshs = new Map();
+					const contextTshsMap = contextTshs;
+					for (const path of capturedDirectories) {
+						const cache = this._contextTshs.get(path);
+						/** @type {ResolvedContextTimestampAndHash | null | undefined} */
+						let resolved;
+						if (
+							cache !== undefined &&
+							(resolved = getResolvedTimestamp(cache)) !== undefined
+						) {
+							contextTshsMap.set(path, resolved);
+						} else {
+							jobs++;
+							/**
+							 * Processes the provided err.
+							 * @param {(WebpackError | null)=} err error
+							 * @param {(ResolvedContextTimestampAndHash | null)=} entry entry
+							 * @returns {void}
+							 */
+							const callback = (err, entry) => {
+								if (err) {
+									if (this.logger) {
+										this.logger.debug(
+											`Error snapshotting context timestamp hash combination of ${path}: ${err.stack}`
+										);
+									}
+									jobError();
+								} else {
+									contextTshsMap.set(
+										path,
+										/** @type {ResolvedContextTimestampAndHash | null} */
+										(entry)
+									);
+									jobDone();
+								}
+							};
+							if (cache !== undefined) {
+								this._resolveContextTsh(cache, callback);
+							} else {
+								this.getContextTsh(path, callback);
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					break;
+				}
+				case 2: {
+					this._contextHashesOptimization.optimize(
+						snapshot,
+						capturedDirectories
+					);
+					if (contextHashes === undefined) contextHashes = new Map();
+					const contextHashesMap = contextHashes;
+					for (const path of capturedDirectories) {
+						const cache = this._contextHashes.get(path);
+						/** @type {undefined | null | string} */
+						let resolved;
+						if (
+							cache !== undefined &&
+							(resolved = getResolvedHash(cache)) !== undefined
+						) {
+							contextHashesMap.set(path, resolved);
+						} else {
+							jobs++;
+							/**
+							 * Processes the provided err.
+							 * @param {(WebpackError | null)=} err err
+							 * @param {string=} entry entry
+							 */
+							const callback = (err, entry) => {
+								if (err) {
+									if (this.logger) {
+										this.logger.debug(
+											`Error snapshotting context hash of ${path}: ${err.stack}`
+										);
+									}
+									jobError();
+								} else {
+									contextHashesMap.set(path, /** @type {string} */ (entry));
+									jobDone();
+								}
+							};
+							if (cache !== undefined) {
+								this._resolveContextHash(cache, callback);
+							} else {
+								this.getContextHash(path, callback);
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					break;
+				}
+				case 1: {
+					this._contextTimestampsOptimization.optimize(
+						snapshot,
+						capturedDirectories
+					);
+					if (contextTimestamps === undefined) contextTimestamps = new Map();
+					const contextTimestampsMap = contextTimestamps;
+					for (const path of capturedDirectories) {
+						const cache = this._contextTimestamps.get(path);
+						if (cache === "ignore") continue;
+						/** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry | null | undefined} */
+						const usableCache =
+							cache === undefined || isExistenceOnly(cache)
+								? undefined
+								: /** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry | null} */ (cache);
+						const cacheLacksHash =
+							contextCacheEntryLacksTimestampHash(usableCache);
+						/** @type {undefined | null | ResolvedContextFileSystemInfoEntry} */
+						let resolved;
+						if (
+							usableCache !== undefined &&
+							!cacheLacksHash &&
+							(resolved = getResolvedTimestamp(usableCache)) !== undefined
+						) {
+							contextTimestampsMap.set(path, resolved);
+						} else {
+							jobs++;
+							/**
+							 * Processes the provided err.
+							 * @param {(WebpackError | null)=} err error
+							 * @param {ResolvedContextTimestamp=} entry entry
+							 * @returns {void}
+							 */
+							const callback = (err, entry) => {
+								if (err) {
+									if (this.logger) {
+										this.logger.debug(
+											`Error snapshotting context timestamp of ${path}: ${err.stack}`
+										);
+									}
+									jobError();
+								} else {
+									contextTimestampsMap.set(
+										path,
+										/** @type {ResolvedContextFileSystemInfoEntry | null} */
+										(entry)
+									);
+									jobDone();
+								}
+							};
+							if (cacheLacksHash) {
+								this._readFreshContextTimestamp(path, callback);
+							} else if (usableCache !== undefined && usableCache !== null) {
+								this._resolveContextTimestamp(usableCache, callback);
+							} else {
+								// Force a fresh on-disk read so the snapshot stores a
+								// complete entry (with `timestampHash`).
+								this._readFreshContextTimestamp(path, callback);
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		};
+		if (directories) {
+			processCapturedDirectories(
+				captureNonManaged(directories, managedContexts)
+			);
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Process captured missing.
+		 * @param {ManagedMissing} capturedMissing captured missing
+		 */
+		const processCapturedMissing = (capturedMissing) => {
+			if (capturedMissing.size === 0) {
+				return;
+			}
+			this._missingExistenceOptimization.optimize(snapshot, capturedMissing);
+			if (missingExistence === undefined) missingExistence = new Map();
+			const missingExistenceMap = missingExistence;
+			for (const path of capturedMissing) {
+				const cache = this._fileTimestamps.get(path);
+				if (cache !== undefined && !isExistenceOnly(cache)) {
+					if (cache !== "ignore") {
+						missingExistenceMap.set(path, Boolean(cache));
+					}
+				} else {
+					jobs++;
+					this.fileTimestampQueue.add(path, (err, entry) => {
+						if (err) {
+							if (this.logger) {
+								this.logger.debug(
+									`Error snapshotting missing timestamp of ${path}: ${err.stack}`
+								);
+							}
+							jobError();
+						} else {
+							missingExistenceMap.set(path, Boolean(entry));
+							jobDone();
+						}
+					});
+				}
+			}
+		};
+		if (missing) {
+			processCapturedMissing(captureNonManaged(missing, managedMissing));
+		}
+		this._managedItemInfoOptimization.optimize(snapshot, managedItems);
+		if (managedItems.size !== 0 && managedItemInfo === undefined) {
+			managedItemInfo = new Map();
+		}
+		const managedItemInfoMap = managedItemInfo;
+		for (const path of managedItems) {
+			const cache = this._managedItems.get(path);
+			if (cache !== undefined) {
+				if (!cache.startsWith("*")) {
+					managedFiles.add(join(this.fs, path, "package.json"));
+				} else if (cache === "*nested") {
+					managedMissing.add(join(this.fs, path, "package.json"));
+				}
+				/** @type {ManagedItemInfo} */ (managedItemInfoMap).set(path, cache);
+			} else {
+				jobs++;
+				this.managedItemQueue.add(path, (err, entry) => {
+					if (err) {
+						if (this.logger) {
+							this.logger.debug(
+								`Error snapshotting managed item ${path}: ${err.stack}`
+							);
+						}
+						jobError();
+					} else if (entry) {
+						if (!entry.startsWith("*")) {
+							managedFiles.add(join(this.fs, path, "package.json"));
+						} else if (cache === "*nested") {
+							managedMissing.add(join(this.fs, path, "package.json"));
+						}
+						/** @type {ManagedItemInfo} */ (managedItemInfoMap).set(
+							path,
+							entry
+						);
+						jobDone();
+					} else {
+						// Fallback to normal snapshotting
+						/**
+						 * Processes the provided set.
+						 * @param {Set<string>} set set
+						 * @param {(set: Set<string>) => void} fn fn
+						 */
+						const process = (set, fn) => {
+							if (set.size === 0) return;
+							/** @type {Set<string>} */
+							const captured = new Set();
+							for (const file of set) {
+								if (file.startsWith(path)) captured.add(file);
+							}
+							if (captured.size > 0) fn(captured);
+						};
+						process(managedFiles, processCapturedFiles);
+						process(managedContexts, processCapturedDirectories);
+						process(managedMissing, processCapturedMissing);
+						jobDone();
+					}
+				});
+			}
+		}
+		jobDone();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Merges the provided values into a single result.
+	 * @param {Snapshot} snapshot1 a snapshot
+	 * @param {Snapshot} snapshot2 a snapshot
+	 * @returns {Snapshot} merged snapshot
+	 */
+	mergeSnapshots(snapshot1, snapshot2) {
+		const snapshot = new Snapshot();
+		if (snapshot1.hasStartTime() && snapshot2.hasStartTime()) {
+			snapshot.setStartTime(
+				Math.min(
+					/** @type {NonNullable<Snapshot["startTime"]>} */
+					(snapshot1.startTime),
+					/** @type {NonNullable<Snapshot["startTime"]>} */
+					(snapshot2.startTime)
+				)
+			);
+		} else if (snapshot2.hasStartTime()) {
+			snapshot.startTime = snapshot2.startTime;
+		} else if (snapshot1.hasStartTime()) {
+			snapshot.startTime = snapshot1.startTime;
+		}
+		if (snapshot1.hasFileTimestamps() || snapshot2.hasFileTimestamps()) {
+			snapshot.setFileTimestamps(
+				mergeMaps(snapshot1.fileTimestamps, snapshot2.fileTimestamps)
+			);
+		}
+		if (snapshot1.hasFileHashes() || snapshot2.hasFileHashes()) {
+			snapshot.setFileHashes(
+				mergeMaps(snapshot1.fileHashes, snapshot2.fileHashes)
+			);
+		}
+		if (snapshot1.hasFileTshs() || snapshot2.hasFileTshs()) {
+			snapshot.setFileTshs(mergeMaps(snapshot1.fileTshs, snapshot2.fileTshs));
+		}
+		if (snapshot1.hasContextTimestamps() || snapshot2.hasContextTimestamps()) {
+			snapshot.setContextTimestamps(
+				mergeMaps(snapshot1.contextTimestamps, snapshot2.contextTimestamps)
+			);
+		}
+		if (snapshot1.hasContextHashes() || snapshot2.hasContextHashes()) {
+			snapshot.setContextHashes(
+				mergeMaps(snapshot1.contextHashes, snapshot2.contextHashes)
+			);
+		}
+		if (snapshot1.hasContextTshs() || snapshot2.hasContextTshs()) {
+			snapshot.setContextTshs(
+				mergeMaps(snapshot1.contextTshs, snapshot2.contextTshs)
+			);
+		}
+		if (snapshot1.hasMissingExistence() || snapshot2.hasMissingExistence()) {
+			snapshot.setMissingExistence(
+				mergeMaps(snapshot1.missingExistence, snapshot2.missingExistence)
+			);
+		}
+		if (snapshot1.hasManagedItemInfo() || snapshot2.hasManagedItemInfo()) {
+			snapshot.setManagedItemInfo(
+				mergeMaps(snapshot1.managedItemInfo, snapshot2.managedItemInfo)
+			);
+		}
+		if (snapshot1.hasManagedFiles() || snapshot2.hasManagedFiles()) {
+			snapshot.setManagedFiles(
+				mergeSets(snapshot1.managedFiles, snapshot2.managedFiles)
+			);
+		}
+		if (snapshot1.hasManagedContexts() || snapshot2.hasManagedContexts()) {
+			snapshot.setManagedContexts(
+				mergeSets(snapshot1.managedContexts, snapshot2.managedContexts)
+			);
+		}
+		if (snapshot1.hasManagedMissing() || snapshot2.hasManagedMissing()) {
+			snapshot.setManagedMissing(
+				mergeSets(snapshot1.managedMissing, snapshot2.managedMissing)
+			);
+		}
+		if (snapshot1.hasChildren() || snapshot2.hasChildren()) {
+			snapshot.setChildren(mergeSets(snapshot1.children, snapshot2.children));
+		}
+		if (
+			this._snapshotCache.get(snapshot1) === true &&
+			this._snapshotCache.get(snapshot2) === true
+		) {
+			this._snapshotCache.set(snapshot, true);
+		}
+		return snapshot;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks snapshot valid.
+	 * @param {Snapshot} snapshot the snapshot made
+	 * @param {CheckSnapshotValidCallback} callback callback function
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	checkSnapshotValid(snapshot, callback) {
+		const cachedResult = this._snapshotCache.get(snapshot);
+		if (cachedResult !== undefined) {
+			this._statTestedSnapshotsCached++;
+			if (typeof cachedResult === "boolean") {
+				callback(null, cachedResult);
+			} else {
+				cachedResult.push(callback);
+			}
+			return;
+		}
+		this._statTestedSnapshotsNotCached++;
+		this._checkSnapshotValidNoCache(snapshot, callback);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Check snapshot valid no cache.
+	 * @private
+	 * @param {Snapshot} snapshot the snapshot made
+	 * @param {CheckSnapshotValidCallback} callback callback function
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	_checkSnapshotValidNoCache(snapshot, callback) {
+		/** @type {number | undefined} */
+		let startTime;
+		if (snapshot.hasStartTime()) {
+			startTime = snapshot.startTime;
+		}
+		let jobs = 1;
+		const jobDone = () => {
+			if (--jobs === 0) {
+				this._snapshotCache.set(snapshot, true);
+				callback(null, true);
+			}
+		};
+		const invalid = () => {
+			if (jobs > 0) {
+				// large negative number instead of NaN or something else to keep jobs to stay a SMI (v8)
+				jobs = -100000000;
+				this._snapshotCache.set(snapshot, false);
+				callback(null, false);
+			}
+		};
+		/**
+		 * Invalid with error.
+		 * @param {string} path path
+		 * @param {WebpackError} err err
+		 */
+		const invalidWithError = (path, err) => {
+			if (this._remainingLogs > 0) {
+				this._log(path, "error occurred: %s", err);
+			}
+			invalid();
+		};
+		/**
+		 * Checks true, if ok.
+		 * @param {string} path file path
+		 * @param {string | null} current current hash
+		 * @param {string | null} snap snapshot hash
+		 * @returns {boolean} true, if ok
+		 */
+		const checkHash = (path, current, snap) => {
+			if (current !== snap) {
+				// If hash differ it's invalid
+				if (this._remainingLogs > 0) {
+					this._log(path, "hashes differ (%s != %s)", current, snap);
+				}
+				return false;
+			}
+			return true;
+		};
+		/**
+		 * Checks true, if ok.
+		 * @param {string} path file path
+		 * @param {boolean} current current entry
+		 * @param {boolean} snap entry from snapshot
+		 * @returns {boolean} true, if ok
+		 */
+		const checkExistence = (path, current, snap) => {
+			if (!current !== !snap) {
+				// If existence of item differs
+				// it's invalid
+				if (this._remainingLogs > 0) {
+					this._log(
+						path,
+						current ? "it didn't exist before" : "it does no longer exist"
+					);
+				}
+				return false;
+			}
+			return true;
+		};
+		/**
+		 * Checks true, if ok.
+		 * @param {string} path file path
+		 * @param {FileSystemInfoEntry | null} c current entry
+		 * @param {FileSystemInfoEntry | null} s entry from snapshot
+		 * @param {boolean} log log reason
+		 * @returns {boolean} true, if ok
+		 */
+		const checkFile = (path, c, s, log = true) => {
+			if (c === s) return true;
+			if (!checkExistence(path, Boolean(c), Boolean(s))) return false;
+			if (c) {
+				// For existing items only
+				if (typeof startTime === "number" && c.safeTime > startTime) {
+					// If a change happened after starting reading the item
+					// this may no longer be valid
+					if (log && this._remainingLogs > 0) {
+						this._log(
+							path,
+							"it may have changed (%d) after the start time of the snapshot (%d)",
+							c.safeTime,
+							startTime
+						);
+					}
+					return false;
+				}
+				const snap = /** @type {FileSystemInfoEntry} */ (s);
+				if (snap.timestamp !== undefined && c.timestamp !== snap.timestamp) {
+					// If we have a timestamp (it was a file or symlink) and it differs from current timestamp
+					// it's invalid
+					if (log && this._remainingLogs > 0) {
+						this._log(
+							path,
+							"timestamps differ (%d != %d)",
+							c.timestamp,
+							snap.timestamp
+						);
+					}
+					return false;
+				}
+			}
+			return true;
+		};
+		/**
+		 * Checks true, if ok.
+		 * @param {string} path file path
+		 * @param {ResolvedContextFileSystemInfoEntry | null} c current entry
+		 * @param {ResolvedContextFileSystemInfoEntry | null} s entry from snapshot
+		 * @param {boolean} log log reason
+		 * @returns {boolean} true, if ok
+		 */
+		const checkContext = (path, c, s, log = true) => {
+			if (c === s) return true;
+			if (!checkExistence(path, Boolean(c), Boolean(s))) return false;
+			if (c) {
+				// For existing items only
+				if (typeof startTime === "number" && c.safeTime > startTime) {
+					// If a change happened after starting reading the item
+					// this may no longer be valid
+					if (log && this._remainingLogs > 0) {
+						this._log(
+							path,
+							"it may have changed (%d) after the start time of the snapshot (%d)",
+							c.safeTime,
+							startTime
+						);
+					}
+					return false;
+				}
+				const snap = /** @type {ResolvedContextFileSystemInfoEntry} */ (s);
+				if (
+					snap.timestampHash !== undefined &&
+					c.timestampHash !== snap.timestampHash
+				) {
+					// If we have a timestampHash (it was a directory) and it differs from current timestampHash
+					// it's invalid
+					if (log && this._remainingLogs > 0) {
+						this._log(
+							path,
+							"timestamps hashes differ (%s != %s)",
+							c.timestampHash,
+							snap.timestampHash
+						);
+					}
+					return false;
+				}
+			}
+			return true;
+		};
+		if (snapshot.hasChildren()) {
+			/**
+			 * Processes the provided err.
+			 * @param {(WebpackError | null)=} err err
+			 * @param {boolean=} result result
+			 * @returns {void}
+			 */
+			const childCallback = (err, result) => {
+				if (err || !result) return invalid();
+				jobDone();
+			};
+			for (const child of /** @type {Children} */ (snapshot.children)) {
+				const cache = this._snapshotCache.get(child);
+				if (cache !== undefined) {
+					this._statTestedChildrenCached++;
+					/* istanbul ignore else */
+					if (typeof cache === "boolean") {
+						if (cache === false) {
+							invalid();
+							return;
+						}
+					} else {
+						jobs++;
+						cache.push(childCallback);
+					}
+				} else {
+					this._statTestedChildrenNotCached++;
+					jobs++;
+					this._checkSnapshotValidNoCache(child, childCallback);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if (snapshot.hasFileTimestamps()) {
+			const fileTimestamps =
+				/** @type {FileTimestamps} */
+				(snapshot.fileTimestamps);
+			this._statTestedEntries += fileTimestamps.size;
+			for (const [path, ts] of fileTimestamps) {
+				const cache = this._fileTimestamps.get(path);
+				if (cache !== undefined && !isExistenceOnly(cache)) {
+					if (
+						cache !== "ignore" &&
+						!checkFile(
+							path,
+							/** @type {FileSystemInfoEntry | null} */ (cache),
+							ts
+						)
+					) {
+						invalid();
+						return;
+					}
+				} else {
+					jobs++;
+					this.fileTimestampQueue.add(path, (err, entry) => {
+						if (err) return invalidWithError(path, err);
+						if (
+							!checkFile(
+								path,
+								/** @type {FileSystemInfoEntry | null} */ (entry),
+								ts
+							)
+						) {
+							invalid();
+						} else {
+							jobDone();
+						}
+					});
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Process file hash snapshot.
+		 * @param {string} path file path
+		 * @param {string | null} hash hash
+		 */
+		const processFileHashSnapshot = (path, hash) => {
+			const cache = this._fileHashes.get(path);
+			if (cache !== undefined) {
+				if (cache !== "ignore" && !checkHash(path, cache, hash)) {
+					invalid();
+				}
+			} else {
+				jobs++;
+				this.fileHashQueue.add(path, (err, entry) => {
+					if (err) return invalidWithError(path, err);
+					if (!checkHash(path, /** @type {string} */ (entry), hash)) {
+						invalid();
+					} else {
+						jobDone();
+					}
+				});
+			}
+		};
+		if (snapshot.hasFileHashes()) {
+			const fileHashes = /** @type {FileHashes} */ (snapshot.fileHashes);
+			this._statTestedEntries += fileHashes.size;
+			for (const [path, hash] of fileHashes) {
+				processFileHashSnapshot(path, hash);
+			}
+		}
+		if (snapshot.hasFileTshs()) {
+			const fileTshs = /** @type {FileTshs} */ (snapshot.fileTshs);
+			this._statTestedEntries += fileTshs.size;
+			for (const [path, tsh] of fileTshs) {
+				if (typeof tsh === "string") {
+					processFileHashSnapshot(path, tsh);
+				} else {
+					const cache = this._fileTimestamps.get(path);
+					if (cache !== undefined && !isExistenceOnly(cache)) {
+						if (
+							cache === "ignore" ||
+							!checkFile(
+								path,
+								/** @type {FileSystemInfoEntry | null} */ (cache),
+								tsh,
+								false
+							)
+						) {
+							processFileHashSnapshot(path, tsh && tsh.hash);
+						}
+					} else {
+						jobs++;
+						this.fileTimestampQueue.add(path, (err, entry) => {
+							if (err) return invalidWithError(path, err);
+							if (
+								!checkFile(
+									path,
+									/** @type {FileSystemInfoEntry | null} */
+									(entry),
+									tsh,
+									false
+								)
+							) {
+								processFileHashSnapshot(path, tsh && tsh.hash);
+							}
+							jobDone();
+						});
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if (snapshot.hasContextTimestamps()) {
+			const contextTimestamps =
+				/** @type {ContextTimestamps} */
+				(snapshot.contextTimestamps);
+			this._statTestedEntries += contextTimestamps.size;
+			for (const [path, ts] of contextTimestamps) {
+				const cache = this._contextTimestamps.get(path);
+				if (cache === "ignore") continue;
+				// Treat existence-only entries (`{}` from watchpack) as a cache
+				// miss — they carry no time info, so we cannot compare them to
+				// the snapshot.
+				/** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry | null | undefined} */
+				const usableCache =
+					cache === undefined || isExistenceOnly(cache)
+						? undefined
+						: /** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry | null} */ (cache);
+				const cacheLacksHash =
+					contextCacheEntryLacksTimestampHash(usableCache) &&
+					ts !== null &&
+					ts.timestampHash !== undefined;
+				/** @type {undefined | null | ResolvedContextFileSystemInfoEntry} */
+				let resolved;
+				if (
+					usableCache !== undefined &&
+					!cacheLacksHash &&
+					(resolved = getResolvedTimestamp(usableCache)) !== undefined
+				) {
+					if (!checkContext(path, resolved, ts)) {
+						invalid();
+						return;
+					}
+				} else {
+					jobs++;
+					/**
+					 * Processes the provided err.
+					 * @param {(WebpackError | null)=} err error
+					 * @param {ResolvedContextTimestamp=} entry entry
+					 * @returns {void}
+					 */
+					const callback = (err, entry) => {
+						if (err) return invalidWithError(path, err);
+						if (
+							!checkContext(
+								path,
+								/** @type {ResolvedContextFileSystemInfoEntry | null} */
+								(entry),
+								ts
+							)
+						) {
+							invalid();
+						} else {
+							jobDone();
+						}
+					};
+					if (cacheLacksHash) {
+						this._readFreshContextTimestamp(path, callback);
+					} else if (usableCache !== undefined && usableCache !== null) {
+						this._resolveContextTimestamp(usableCache, callback);
+					} else {
+						this.getContextTimestamp(path, callback);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Process context hash snapshot.
+		 * @param {string} path path
+		 * @param {string | null} hash hash
+		 */
+		const processContextHashSnapshot = (path, hash) => {
+			const cache = this._contextHashes.get(path);
+			/** @type {undefined | null | string} */
+			let resolved;
+			if (
+				cache !== undefined &&
+				(resolved = getResolvedHash(cache)) !== undefined
+			) {
+				if (!checkHash(path, resolved, hash)) {
+					invalid();
+				}
+			} else {
+				jobs++;
+				/**
+				 * Processes the provided err.
+				 * @param {(WebpackError | null)=} err err
+				 * @param {string=} entry entry
+				 * @returns {void}
+				 */
+				const callback = (err, entry) => {
+					if (err) return invalidWithError(path, err);
+					if (!checkHash(path, /** @type {string} */ (entry), hash)) {
+						invalid();
+					} else {
+						jobDone();
+					}
+				};
+				if (cache !== undefined) {
+					this._resolveContextHash(cache, callback);
+				} else {
+					this.getContextHash(path, callback);
+				}
+			}
+		};
+		if (snapshot.hasContextHashes()) {
+			const contextHashes =
+				/** @type {ContextHashes} */
+				(snapshot.contextHashes);
+			this._statTestedEntries += contextHashes.size;
+			for (const [path, hash] of contextHashes) {
+				processContextHashSnapshot(path, hash);
+			}
+		}
+		if (snapshot.hasContextTshs()) {
+			const contextTshs = /** @type {ContextTshs} */ (snapshot.contextTshs);
+			this._statTestedEntries += contextTshs.size;
+			for (const [path, tsh] of contextTshs) {
+				if (typeof tsh === "string") {
+					processContextHashSnapshot(path, tsh);
+				} else {
+					const cache = this._contextTimestamps.get(path);
+					if (cache === "ignore") continue;
+					// See the matching block in `hasContextTimestamps` above.
+					/** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry | null | undefined} */
+					const usableCache =
+						cache === undefined || isExistenceOnly(cache)
+							? undefined
+							: /** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry | null} */ (cache);
+					const cacheLacksHash =
+						contextCacheEntryLacksTimestampHash(usableCache) &&
+						tsh !== null &&
+						tsh.timestampHash !== undefined;
+					/** @type {undefined | null | ResolvedContextFileSystemInfoEntry} */
+					let resolved;
+					if (
+						usableCache !== undefined &&
+						!cacheLacksHash &&
+						(resolved = getResolvedTimestamp(usableCache)) !== undefined
+					) {
+						if (!checkContext(path, resolved, tsh, false)) {
+							processContextHashSnapshot(path, tsh && tsh.hash);
+						}
+					} else {
+						jobs++;
+						/**
+						 * Processes the provided err.
+						 * @param {(WebpackError | null)=} err error
+						 * @param {ResolvedContextTimestamp=} entry entry
+						 * @returns {void}
+						 */
+						const callback = (err, entry) => {
+							if (err) return invalidWithError(path, err);
+							if (
+								!checkContext(
+									path,
+									/** @type {ResolvedContextFileSystemInfoEntry | null} */
+									(entry),
+									tsh,
+									false
+								)
+							) {
+								processContextHashSnapshot(path, tsh && tsh.hash);
+							}
+							jobDone();
+						};
+						if (cacheLacksHash) {
+							this._readFreshContextTimestamp(path, callback);
+						} else if (usableCache !== undefined && usableCache !== null) {
+							this._resolveContextTimestamp(usableCache, callback);
+						} else {
+							this.getContextTimestamp(path, callback);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if (snapshot.hasMissingExistence()) {
+			const missingExistence =
+				/** @type {MissingExistence} */
+				(snapshot.missingExistence);
+			this._statTestedEntries += missingExistence.size;
+			for (const [path, existence] of missingExistence) {
+				const cache = this._fileTimestamps.get(path);
+				if (cache !== undefined && !isExistenceOnly(cache)) {
+					if (
+						cache !== "ignore" &&
+						!checkExistence(path, Boolean(cache), Boolean(existence))
+					) {
+						invalid();
+						return;
+					}
+				} else {
+					jobs++;
+					this.fileTimestampQueue.add(path, (err, entry) => {
+						if (err) return invalidWithError(path, err);
+						if (!checkExistence(path, Boolean(entry), Boolean(existence))) {
+							invalid();
+						} else {
+							jobDone();
+						}
+					});
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if (snapshot.hasManagedItemInfo()) {
+			const managedItemInfo =
+				/** @type {ManagedItemInfo} */
+				(snapshot.managedItemInfo);
+			this._statTestedEntries += managedItemInfo.size;
+			for (const [path, info] of managedItemInfo) {
+				const cache = this._managedItems.get(path);
+				if (cache !== undefined) {
+					if (!checkHash(path, cache, info)) {
+						invalid();
+						return;
+					}
+				} else {
+					jobs++;
+					this.managedItemQueue.add(path, (err, entry) => {
+						if (err) return invalidWithError(path, err);
+						if (!checkHash(path, /** @type {string} */ (entry), info)) {
+							invalid();
+						} else {
+							jobDone();
+						}
+					});
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		jobDone();
+
+		// if there was an async action
+		// try to join multiple concurrent request for this snapshot
+		if (jobs > 0) {
+			const callbacks = [callback];
+			callback = (err, result) => {
+				for (const callback of callbacks) callback(err, result);
+			};
+			this._snapshotCache.set(snapshot, callbacks);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @private
+	 * @type {Processor<string, FileSystemInfoEntry>}
+	 */
+	_readFileTimestamp(path, callback) {
+		this.fs.stat(path, (err, _stat) => {
+			if (err) {
+				if (err.code === "ENOENT") {
+					this._fileTimestamps.set(path, null);
+					this._cachedDeprecatedFileTimestamps = undefined;
+					return callback(null, null);
+				}
+				return callback(/** @type {WebpackError} */ (err));
+			}
+			const stat = /** @type {IStats} */ (_stat);
+			/** @type {FileSystemInfoEntry} */
+			let ts;
+			if (stat.isDirectory()) {
+				ts = {
+					safeTime: 0,
+					timestamp: undefined
+				};
+			} else {
+				const mtime = Number(stat.mtime);
+
+				if (mtime) applyMtime(mtime);
+
+				ts = {
+					safeTime: mtime ? mtime + FS_ACCURACY : Infinity,
+					timestamp: mtime
+				};
+			}
+
+			this._fileTimestamps.set(path, ts);
+			this._cachedDeprecatedFileTimestamps = undefined;
+
+			callback(null, ts);
+		});
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @private
+	 * @type {Processor<string, string>}
+	 */
+	_readFileHash(path, callback) {
+		this.fs.readFile(path, (err, content) => {
+			if (err) {
+				if (err.code === "EISDIR") {
+					this._fileHashes.set(path, "directory");
+					return callback(null, "directory");
+				}
+				if (err.code === "ENOENT") {
+					this._fileHashes.set(path, null);
+					return callback(null, null);
+				}
+				if (err.code === "ERR_FS_FILE_TOO_LARGE") {
+					/** @type {Logger} */
+					(this.logger).warn(`Ignoring ${path} for hashing as it's very large`);
+					this._fileHashes.set(path, "too large");
+					return callback(null, "too large");
+				}
+				return callback(/** @type {WebpackError} */ (err));
+			}
+
+			const hash = createHash(this._hashFunction);
+
+			hash.update(/** @type {string | Buffer} */ (content));
+
+			const digest = hash.digest("hex");
+
+			this._fileHashes.set(path, digest);
+
+			callback(null, digest);
+		});
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get file timestamp and hash.
+	 * @private
+	 * @param {string} path path
+	 * @param {(err: WebpackError | null, timestampAndHash?: TimestampAndHash | string) => void} callback callback
+	 */
+	_getFileTimestampAndHash(path, callback) {
+		/**
+		 * Continue with hash.
+		 * @param {string} hash hash
+		 * @returns {void}
+		 */
+		const continueWithHash = (hash) => {
+			const cache = this._fileTimestamps.get(path);
+			if (cache !== undefined) {
+				if (cache !== "ignore") {
+					/** @type {TimestampAndHash} */
+					const result = {
+						.../** @type {FileSystemInfoEntry} */ (cache),
+						hash
+					};
+					this._fileTshs.set(path, result);
+					return callback(null, result);
+				}
+				this._fileTshs.set(path, hash);
+				return callback(null, hash);
+			}
+			this.fileTimestampQueue.add(path, (err, entry) => {
+				if (err) {
+					return callback(err);
+				}
+				/** @type {TimestampAndHash} */
+				const result = {
+					.../** @type {FileSystemInfoEntry} */ (entry),
+					hash
+				};
+				this._fileTshs.set(path, result);
+				return callback(null, result);
+			});
+		};
+
+		const cache = this._fileHashes.get(path);
+		if (cache !== undefined) {
+			continueWithHash(/** @type {string} */ (cache));
+		} else {
+			this.fileHashQueue.add(path, (err, entry) => {
+				if (err) {
+					return callback(err);
+				}
+				continueWithHash(/** @type {string} */ (entry));
+			});
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Processes the provided object.
+	 * @private
+	 * @template T
+	 * @template ItemType
+	 * @param {object} options options
+	 * @param {string} options.path path
+	 * @param {(value: string) => ItemType} options.fromImmutablePath called when context item is an immutable path
+	 * @param {(value: string) => ItemType} options.fromManagedItem called when context item is a managed path
+	 * @param {(value: string, result: string, callback: (err?: WebpackError | null, itemType?: ItemType) => void) => void} options.fromSymlink called when context item is a symlink
+	 * @param {(value: string, stats: IStats, callback: (err?: WebpackError | null, itemType?: ItemType | null) => void) => void} options.fromFile called when context item is a file
+	 * @param {(value: string, stats: IStats, callback: (err?: WebpackError | null, itemType?: ItemType) => void) => void} options.fromDirectory called when context item is a directory
+	 * @param {(arr: string[], arr1: ItemType[]) => T} options.reduce called from all context items
+	 * @param {(err?: Error | null, result?: T | null) => void} callback callback
+	 */
+	_readContext(
+		{
+			path,
+			fromImmutablePath,
+			fromManagedItem,
+			fromSymlink,
+			fromFile,
+			fromDirectory,
+			reduce
+		},
+		callback
+	) {
+		this.fs.readdir(path, (err, _files) => {
+			if (err) {
+				if (err.code === "ENOENT") {
+					return callback(null, null);
+				}
+				return callback(err);
+			}
+			const files = /** @type {string[]} */ (_files)
+				.map((file) => file.normalize("NFC"))
+				.filter((file) => !/^\./.test(file))
+				.sort();
+			asyncLib.map(
+				files,
+				(file, callback) => {
+					const child = join(this.fs, path, file);
+					for (const immutablePath of this.immutablePathsRegExps) {
+						if (immutablePath.test(path)) {
+							// ignore any immutable path for timestamping
+							return callback(null, fromImmutablePath(path));
+						}
+					}
+					for (const immutablePath of this.immutablePathsWithSlash) {
+						if (path.startsWith(immutablePath)) {
+							// ignore any immutable path for timestamping
+							return callback(null, fromImmutablePath(path));
+						}
+					}
+					for (const managedPath of this.managedPathsRegExps) {
+						const match = managedPath.exec(path);
+						if (match) {
+							const managedItem = getManagedItem(
+								getManagedPathFromMatch(match),
+								path
+							);
+							if (managedItem) {
+								// construct timestampHash from managed info
+								return this.managedItemQueue.add(managedItem, (err, info) => {
+									if (err) return callback(err);
+									return callback(
+										null,
+										fromManagedItem(/** @type {string} */ (info))
+									);
+								});
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					for (const managedPath of this.managedPathsWithSlash) {
+						if (path.startsWith(managedPath)) {
+							const managedItem = getManagedItem(managedPath, child);
+							if (managedItem) {
+								// construct timestampHash from managed info
+								return this.managedItemQueue.add(managedItem, (err, info) => {
+									if (err) return callback(err);
+									return callback(
+										null,
+										fromManagedItem(/** @type {string} */ (info))
+									);
+								});
+							}
+						}
+					}
+
+					lstatReadlinkAbsolute(this.fs, child, (err, _stat) => {
+						if (err) return callback(err);
+
+						const stat = /** @type {IStats | string} */ (_stat);
+
+						if (typeof stat === "string") {
+							return fromSymlink(child, stat, callback);
+						}
+
+						if (stat.isFile()) {
+							return fromFile(child, stat, callback);
+						}
+						if (stat.isDirectory()) {
+							return fromDirectory(child, stat, callback);
+						}
+						callback(null, null);
+					});
+				},
+				(err, results) => {
+					if (err) return callback(err);
+					const result = reduce(files, /** @type {ItemType[]} */ (results));
+					callback(null, result);
+				}
+			);
+		});
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @private
+	 * @type {Processor<string, ContextFileSystemInfoEntry>}
+	 */
+	_readContextTimestamp(path, callback) {
+		this._readContext(
+			{
+				path,
+				fromImmutablePath: () =>
+					/** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry | FileSystemInfoEntry | "ignore" | null} */
+					(null),
+				fromManagedItem: (info) => ({
+					safeTime: 0,
+					timestampHash: info
+				}),
+				fromSymlink: (file, target, callback) => {
+					callback(
+						null,
+						/** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry} */
+						({
+							timestampHash: target,
+							symlinks: new Set([target])
+						})
+					);
+				},
+				fromFile: (file, stat, callback) => {
+					// Prefer the cached value over our new stat to report consistent results
+					const cache = this._fileTimestamps.get(file);
+					if (cache !== undefined && !isExistenceOnly(cache)) {
+						return callback(
+							null,
+							cache === "ignore"
+								? null
+								: /** @type {FileSystemInfoEntry | null} */ (cache)
+						);
+					}
+
+					const mtime = Number(stat.mtime);
+
+					if (mtime) applyMtime(mtime);
+
+					/** @type {FileSystemInfoEntry} */
+					const ts = {
+						safeTime: mtime ? mtime + FS_ACCURACY : Infinity,
+						timestamp: mtime
+					};
+
+					this._fileTimestamps.set(file, ts);
+					this._cachedDeprecatedFileTimestamps = undefined;
+					callback(null, ts);
+				},
+				fromDirectory: (directory, stat, callback) => {
+					this.contextTimestampQueue.increaseParallelism();
+					this._getUnresolvedContextTimestamp(directory, (err, tsEntry) => {
+						this.contextTimestampQueue.decreaseParallelism();
+						callback(err, tsEntry);
+					});
+				},
+				reduce: (files, tsEntries) => {
+					/** @type {undefined | Symlinks} */
+					let symlinks;
+
+					const hash = createHash(this._hashFunction);
+
+					for (const file of files) hash.update(file);
+					let safeTime = 0;
+					for (const _e of tsEntries) {
+						if (!_e) {
+							hash.update("n");
+							continue;
+						}
+						const entry =
+							/** @type {FileSystemInfoEntry | ContextFileSystemInfoEntry} */
+							(_e);
+						if (/** @type {FileSystemInfoEntry} */ (entry).timestamp) {
+							hash.update("f");
+							hash.update(
+								`${/** @type {FileSystemInfoEntry} */ (entry).timestamp}`
+							);
+						} else if (
+							/** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry} */ (entry).timestampHash
+						) {
+							hash.update("d");
+							hash.update(
+								`${/** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry} */ (entry).timestampHash}`
+							);
+						}
+						if (
+							/** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry} */
+							(entry).symlinks !== undefined
+						) {
+							if (symlinks === undefined) symlinks = new Set();
+							addAll(
+								/** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry} */ (entry).symlinks,
+								symlinks
+							);
+						}
+						if (entry.safeTime) {
+							safeTime = Math.max(safeTime, entry.safeTime);
+						}
+					}
+
+					const digest = hash.digest("hex");
+					/** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry} */
+					const result = {
+						safeTime,
+						timestampHash: digest
+					};
+					if (symlinks) result.symlinks = symlinks;
+					return result;
+				}
+			},
+			(err, result) => {
+				if (err) return callback(/** @type {WebpackError} */ (err));
+				this._contextTimestamps.set(path, result);
+				this._cachedDeprecatedContextTimestamps = undefined;
+
+				callback(null, result);
+			}
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Resolve context timestamp.
+	 * @private
+	 * @param {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry} entry entry
+	 * @param {(err?: WebpackError | null, resolvedContextTimestamp?: ResolvedContextTimestamp) => void} callback callback
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	_resolveContextTimestamp(entry, callback) {
+		/** @type {string[]} */
+		const hashes = [];
+		let safeTime = 0;
+		// Skip already-visited symlink targets so cyclic pnpm/peer-variant graphs terminate (#21084).
+		const seen = new Set(entry.symlinks);
+		processAsyncTree(
+			/** @type {NonNullable<ContextHash["symlinks"]>} */ (entry.symlinks),
+			10,
+			(target, push, callback) => {
+				this._getUnresolvedContextTimestamp(target, (err, entry) => {
+					if (err) return callback(err);
+					if (entry && entry !== "ignore") {
+						hashes.push(/** @type {string} */ (entry.timestampHash));
+						if (entry.safeTime) {
+							safeTime = Math.max(safeTime, entry.safeTime);
+						}
+						if (entry.symlinks !== undefined) {
+							for (const target of entry.symlinks) {
+								if (!seen.has(target)) {
+									seen.add(target);
+									push(target);
+								}
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					callback();
+				});
+			},
+			(err) => {
+				if (err) return callback(/** @type {WebpackError} */ (err));
+				const hash = createHash(this._hashFunction);
+				hash.update(/** @type {string} */ (entry.timestampHash));
+				if (entry.safeTime) {
+					safeTime = Math.max(safeTime, entry.safeTime);
+				}
+				hashes.sort();
+				for (const h of hashes) {
+					hash.update(h);
+				}
+				callback(
+					null,
+					(entry.resolved = {
+						safeTime,
+						timestampHash: hash.digest("hex")
+					})
+				);
+			}
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @private
+	 * @type {Processor<string, ContextHash>}
+	 */
+	_readContextHash(path, callback) {
+		this._readContext(
+			{
+				path,
+				fromImmutablePath: () => /** @type {ContextHash | ""} */ (""),
+				fromManagedItem: (info) => info || "",
+				fromSymlink: (file, target, callback) => {
+					callback(
+						null,
+						/** @type {ContextHash} */
+						({
+							hash: target,
+							symlinks: new Set([target])
+						})
+					);
+				},
+				fromFile: (file, stat, callback) =>
+					this.getFileHash(file, (err, hash) => {
+						callback(err, hash || "");
+					}),
+				fromDirectory: (directory, stat, callback) => {
+					this.contextHashQueue.increaseParallelism();
+					this._getUnresolvedContextHash(directory, (err, hash) => {
+						this.contextHashQueue.decreaseParallelism();
+						callback(err, hash || "");
+					});
+				},
+				/**
+				 * Returns reduced hash.
+				 * @param {string[]} files files
+				 * @param {(string | ContextHash | null)[]} fileHashes hashes
+				 * @returns {ContextHash} reduced hash
+				 */
+				reduce: (files, fileHashes) => {
+					/** @type {undefined | Symlinks} */
+					let symlinks;
+					const hash = createHash(this._hashFunction);
+
+					for (const file of files) hash.update(file);
+					for (const entry of fileHashes) {
+						// null for unsupported entry kinds (FIFO, socket); skip like the tsh reduce
+						if (!entry) {
+							continue;
+						} else if (typeof entry === "string") {
+							hash.update(entry);
+						} else {
+							if (entry.hash) hash.update(entry.hash);
+							if (entry.symlinks) {
+								if (symlinks === undefined) symlinks = new Set();
+								addAll(entry.symlinks, symlinks);
+							}
+						}
+					}
+
+					/** @type {ContextHash} */
+					const result = {
+						hash: hash.digest("hex")
+					};
+					if (symlinks) result.symlinks = symlinks;
+					return result;
+				}
+			},
+			(err, _result) => {
+				if (err) return callback(/** @type {WebpackError} */ (err));
+				const result = /** @type {ContextHash} */ (_result);
+				this._contextHashes.set(path, result);
+				return callback(null, result);
+			}
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Resolve context hash.
+	 * @private
+	 * @param {ContextHash} entry context hash
+	 * @param {(err: WebpackError | null, contextHash?: string) => void} callback callback
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	_resolveContextHash(entry, callback) {
+		/** @type {string[]} */
+		const hashes = [];
+		// Skip already-visited symlink targets so cyclic pnpm/peer-variant graphs terminate (#21084).
+		const seen = new Set(entry.symlinks);
+		processAsyncTree(
+			/** @type {NonNullable<ContextHash["symlinks"]>} */ (entry.symlinks),
+			10,
+			(target, push, callback) => {
+				this._getUnresolvedContextHash(target, (err, hash) => {
+					if (err) return callback(err);
+					if (hash) {
+						hashes.push(hash.hash);
+						if (hash.symlinks !== undefined) {
+							for (const target of hash.symlinks) {
+								if (!seen.has(target)) {
+									seen.add(target);
+									push(target);
+								}
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					callback();
+				});
+			},
+			(err) => {
+				if (err) return callback(/** @type {WebpackError} */ (err));
+				const hash = createHash(this._hashFunction);
+				hash.update(entry.hash);
+				hashes.sort();
+				for (const h of hashes) {
+					hash.update(h);
+				}
+				callback(null, (entry.resolved = hash.digest("hex")));
+			}
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @private
+	 * @type {Processor<string, ContextTimestampAndHash>}
+	 */
+	_readContextTimestampAndHash(path, callback) {
+		/**
+		 * Processes the provided timestamp.
+		 * @param {ContextTimestamp} timestamp timestamp
+		 * @param {ContextHash | null} hash hash
+		 */
+		const finalize = (timestamp, hash) => {
+			// Merging two `null` reads yields `{}`, which reads as "exists, no hash" (#21636)
+			const result =
+				/** @type {ContextTimestampAndHash} */
+				(
+					hash === null || timestamp === "ignore"
+						? hash
+						: { ...timestamp, ...hash }
+				);
+			this._contextTshs.set(path, result);
+			callback(null, result);
+		};
+		const cachedHash = this._contextHashes.get(path);
+		const cachedTimestamp = this._contextTimestamps.get(path);
+		if (cachedHash !== undefined) {
+			if (cachedTimestamp !== undefined) {
+				finalize(cachedTimestamp, cachedHash);
+			} else {
+				this.contextTimestampQueue.add(path, (err, entry) => {
+					if (err) return callback(err);
+					finalize(
+						/** @type {ContextFileSystemInfoEntry} */
+						(entry),
+						cachedHash
+					);
+				});
+			}
+		} else if (cachedTimestamp !== undefined) {
+			this.contextHashQueue.add(path, (err, entry) => {
+				if (err) return callback(err);
+				finalize(cachedTimestamp, /** @type {ContextHash} */ (entry));
+			});
+		} else {
+			this._readContext(
+				{
+					path,
+					fromImmutablePath: () =>
+						/** @type {ContextTimestampAndHash | Omit<ContextTimestampAndHash, "safeTime"> | string | null} */ (
+							null
+						),
+					fromManagedItem: (info) => ({
+						safeTime: 0,
+						timestampHash: info,
+						hash: info || ""
+					}),
+					fromSymlink: (file, target, callback) => {
+						callback(null, {
+							timestampHash: target,
+							hash: target,
+							symlinks: new Set([target])
+						});
+					},
+					fromFile: (file, stat, callback) => {
+						this._getFileTimestampAndHash(file, callback);
+					},
+					fromDirectory: (directory, stat, callback) => {
+						this.contextTshQueue.increaseParallelism();
+						this.contextTshQueue.add(directory, (err, result) => {
+							this.contextTshQueue.decreaseParallelism();
+							callback(err, result);
+						});
+					},
+					/**
+					 * Returns tsh.
+					 * @param {string[]} files files
+					 * @param {(Partial<TimestampAndHash> & Partial<ContextTimestampAndHash> | string | null)[]} results results
+					 * @returns {ContextTimestampAndHash} tsh
+					 */
+					reduce: (files, results) => {
+						/** @type {undefined | Symlinks} */
+						let symlinks;
+
+						const tsHash = createHash(this._hashFunction);
+						const hash = createHash(this._hashFunction);
+
+						for (const file of files) {
+							tsHash.update(file);
+							hash.update(file);
+						}
+						let safeTime = 0;
+						for (const entry of results) {
+							if (!entry) {
+								tsHash.update("n");
+								continue;
+							}
+							if (typeof entry === "string") {
+								tsHash.update("n");
+								hash.update(entry);
+								continue;
+							}
+							if (entry.timestamp) {
+								tsHash.update("f");
+								tsHash.update(`${entry.timestamp}`);
+							} else if (entry.timestampHash) {
+								tsHash.update("d");
+								tsHash.update(`${entry.timestampHash}`);
+							}
+							if (entry.symlinks !== undefined) {
+								if (symlinks === undefined) symlinks = new Set();
+								addAll(entry.symlinks, symlinks);
+							}
+							if (entry.safeTime) {
+								safeTime = Math.max(safeTime, entry.safeTime);
+							}
+							hash.update(/** @type {string} */ (entry.hash));
+						}
+
+						/** @type {ContextTimestampAndHash} */
+						const result = {
+							safeTime,
+							timestampHash: tsHash.digest("hex"),
+							hash: hash.digest("hex")
+						};
+						if (symlinks) result.symlinks = symlinks;
+						return result;
+					}
+				},
+				(err, _result) => {
+					if (err) return callback(/** @type {WebpackError} */ (err));
+					const result = /** @type {ContextTimestampAndHash} */ (_result);
+					this._contextTshs.set(path, result);
+					return callback(null, result);
+				}
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Resolve context tsh.
+	 * @private
+	 * @param {ContextTimestampAndHash} entry entry
+	 * @param {ProcessorCallback<ResolvedContextTimestampAndHash>} callback callback
+	 * @returns {void}
+	 */
+	_resolveContextTsh(entry, callback) {
+		/** @type {string[]} */
+		const hashes = [];
+		/** @type {string[]} */
+		const tsHashes = [];
+		let safeTime = 0;
+		// Skip already-visited symlink targets so cyclic pnpm/peer-variant graphs terminate (#21084).
+		const seen = new Set(entry.symlinks);
+		processAsyncTree(
+			/** @type {NonNullable<ContextHash["symlinks"]>} */ (entry.symlinks),
+			10,
+			(target, push, callback) => {
+				this._getUnresolvedContextTsh(target, (err, entry) => {
+					if (err) return callback(err);
+					if (entry) {
+						hashes.push(entry.hash);
+						if (entry.timestampHash) tsHashes.push(entry.timestampHash);
+						if (entry.safeTime) {
+							safeTime = Math.max(safeTime, entry.safeTime);
+						}
+						if (entry.symlinks !== undefined) {
+							for (const target of entry.symlinks) {
+								if (!seen.has(target)) {
+									seen.add(target);
+									push(target);
+								}
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					callback();
+				});
+			},
+			(err) => {
+				if (err) return callback(/** @type {WebpackError} */ (err));
+				const hash = createHash(this._hashFunction);
+				const tsHash = createHash(this._hashFunction);
+				hash.update(entry.hash);
+				if (entry.timestampHash) tsHash.update(entry.timestampHash);
+				if (entry.safeTime) {
+					safeTime = Math.max(safeTime, entry.safeTime);
+				}
+				hashes.sort();
+				for (const h of hashes) {
+					hash.update(h);
+				}
+				tsHashes.sort();
+				for (const h of tsHashes) {
+					tsHash.update(h);
+				}
+				callback(
+					null,
+					(entry.resolved = {
+						safeTime,
+						timestampHash: tsHash.digest("hex"),
+						hash: hash.digest("hex")
+					})
+				);
+			}
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @private
+	 * @type {Processor<string, Set<string>>}
+	 */
+	_getManagedItemDirectoryInfo(path, callback) {
+		this.fs.readdir(path, (err, elements) => {
+			if (err) {
+				if (err.code === "ENOENT" || err.code === "ENOTDIR") {
+					return callback(null, EMPTY_SET);
+				}
+				return callback(/** @type {WebpackError} */ (err));
+			}
+			const set = new Set(
+				/** @type {string[]} */
+				(elements).map((element) => join(this.fs, path, element))
+			);
+			callback(null, set);
+		});
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @private
+	 * @type {Processor<string, string>}
+	 */
+	_getManagedItemInfo(path, callback) {
+		const dir = dirname(this.fs, path);
+		this.managedItemDirectoryQueue.add(dir, (err, elements) => {
+			if (err) {
+				return callback(err);
+			}
+			if (!(/** @type {Set<string>} */ (elements).has(path))) {
+				// file or directory doesn't exist
+				this._managedItems.set(path, "*missing");
+				return callback(null, "*missing");
+			}
+			// something exists
+			// it may be a file or directory
+			if (
+				path.endsWith("node_modules") &&
+				(path.endsWith("/node_modules") || path.endsWith("\\node_modules"))
+			) {
+				// we are only interested in existence of this special directory
+				this._managedItems.set(path, "*node_modules");
+				return callback(null, "*node_modules");
+			}
+
+			// we assume it's a directory, as files shouldn't occur in managed paths
+			const packageJsonPath = join(this.fs, path, "package.json");
+			this.fs.readFile(packageJsonPath, (err, content) => {
+				if (err) {
+					if (err.code === "ENOENT" || err.code === "ENOTDIR") {
+						// no package.json or path is not a directory
+						this.fs.readdir(path, (err, elements) => {
+							if (
+								!err &&
+								/** @type {string[]} */ (elements).length === 1 &&
+								/** @type {string[]} */ (elements)[0] === "node_modules"
+							) {
+								// This is only a grouping folder e.g. used by yarn
+								// we are only interested in existence of this special directory
+								this._managedItems.set(path, "*nested");
+								return callback(null, "*nested");
+							}
+							/** @type {Logger} */
+							(this.logger).warn(
+								`Managed item ${path} isn't a directory or doesn't contain a package.json (see snapshot.managedPaths option)`
+							);
+							return callback();
+						});
+						return;
+					}
+					return callback(/** @type {WebpackError} */ (err));
+				}
+				/** @type {JsonObject} */
+				let data;
+				try {
+					data = JSON.parse(/** @type {Buffer} */ (content).toString("utf8"));
+				} catch (parseErr) {
+					return callback(/** @type {WebpackError} */ (parseErr));
+				}
+				if (!data.name) {
+					/** @type {Logger} */
+					(this.logger).warn(
+						`${packageJsonPath} doesn't contain a "name" property (see snapshot.managedPaths option)`
+					);
+					return callback();
+				}
+				const info = `${data.name || ""}@${data.version || ""}`;
+				this._managedItems.set(path, info);
+				callback(null, info);
+			});
+		});
+	}
+
+	getDeprecatedFileTimestamps() {
+		if (this._cachedDeprecatedFileTimestamps !== undefined) {
+			return this._cachedDeprecatedFileTimestamps;
+		}
+		/** @type {Map<string, number | null>} */
+		const map = new Map();
+		for (const [path, info] of this._fileTimestamps) {
+			if (info) {
+				const safeTime =
+					typeof info === "object"
+						? /** @type {Partial<FileSystemInfoEntry>} */ (info).safeTime
+						: undefined;
+				map.set(path, safeTime === undefined ? null : safeTime);
+			}
+		}
+		return (this._cachedDeprecatedFileTimestamps = map);
+	}
+
+	getDeprecatedContextTimestamps() {
+		if (this._cachedDeprecatedContextTimestamps !== undefined) {
+			return this._cachedDeprecatedContextTimestamps;
+		}
+		/** @type {Map<string, number | null>} */
+		const map = new Map();
+		for (const [path, info] of this._contextTimestamps) {
+			if (info) {
+				const safeTime =
+					typeof info === "object"
+						? /** @type {Partial<ContextFileSystemInfoEntry>} */ (info).safeTime
+						: undefined;
+				map.set(path, safeTime === undefined ? null : safeTime);
+			}
+		}
+		return (this._cachedDeprecatedContextTimestamps = map);
+	}
+}
+
+FileSystemInfo.Snapshot = Snapshot;
+
+module.exports = FileSystemInfo;