@damiangilgonzalez/harness 1.3.7

package/skills/fastapi/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: fastapi
+description: "Use when building, reviewing, testing, securing or shipping a FastAPI / async Python service — routers, Pydantic v2 schemas, dependency injection, async SQLAlchemy 2.0, OAuth2/JWT, ASGITransport tests, production wiring. NOT language-level Python or packaging (that is `python`), NOT engine-level SQL (that is `postgresdb`), NOT framework-agnostic REST contracts (that is `api-design`)."
+tags: [python, api, async, backend, rest]
+recommends: [postgresdb, secure-coding, deployment]
+origin: risco
+---
+
+# FastAPI & modern Python services
+
+The single authoritative skill for building, reviewing, testing, securing and shipping an
+async FastAPI service on Python 3.12+. The mental model: **the app is a thin async HTTP
+layer over typed dependencies, a service/repository core, and explicit DB sessions. Routes
+validate and delegate; they never own business logic, raw SQL, or secrets.**
+
+Pinned stack: Python 3.12+, FastAPI 0.136+, Starlette 1.0+ (FastAPI 0.136 requires it;
+avoid <1.0.1, GHSA-86qp-5c8j-p5mr), Pydantic v2 (2.7+) + pydantic-settings 2.x,
+SQLAlchemy 2.0 async, Alembic 1.13+, asyncpg 0.30 / psycopg 3, httpx 0.28+,
+pytest 8 + pytest-asyncio 1.0+ (`asyncio_mode=auto`), ruff 0.7+, mypy 1.13+ strict,
+uv 0.5+, uvicorn 0.32+ / gunicorn 23+ + uvicorn-worker 0.3+, PyJWT 2.10+, argon2-cffi 23+,
+pip-audit 2.7+, PostgreSQL 16. (All lower bounds; install the latest in each line.)
+
+> **⚠️ SDD new-feature gate — read this first.** If this skill fired on a **new, non-trivial feature or behaviour change** and there is **no approved spec + plan** under `docs/wiki/sdd/`, STOP — do **not** write feature code yet. Hand off to `../grill-with-docs/SKILL.md` first: it sharpens the plan before any code, then routes back here once the plan is approved. Build here directly only for a genuinely one-line / low-risk change.
+
+Out of scope, and where it goes instead: [`django`](../django/SKILL.md) for Django; Flask / sync WSGI,
+notebooks and CLI-only scripts (no skill); language-level Python, typing and packaging →
+[`python`](../python/SKILL.md); framework-agnostic REST contracts — status codes, URL naming, versioning,
+cursor vs offset → [`api-design`](../api-design/SKILL.md) (this skill covers their FastAPI *implementation*);
+engine-level schema, indexing, EXPLAIN, zero-downtime migrations, PgBouncer →
+[`postgresdb`](../postgresdb/SKILL.md); language-agnostic injection / secret / authz theory →
+[`secure-coding`](../secure-coding/SKILL.md); Dockerfile, Compose and CI/CD mechanics →
+[`deployment`](../deployment/SKILL.md) (this skill keeps only a Docker *note*).
+
+## Decision rules
+
+1. `async def` for any I/O route + async drivers (asyncpg, httpx); never `requests`/`psycopg2`/blocking calls on the loop (offload via `await anyio.to_thread.run_sync`).
+2. Three Pydantic models per resource — `XCreate`/`XUpdate`/`XResponse` (`from_attributes=True`); responses never leak hashes/tokens/internal flags.
+3. Request-scoped resources via `Annotated[T, Depends(...)]`, never built inline — so tests can override them.
+4. One DB session per request via `get_db` (commit-on-success / rollback-on-exception); handlers never commit.
+5. One error envelope `{"error":{"code","message","details?"}}` via centralized handlers; never leak stack traces / SQL.
+6. Settings from `pydantic-settings` (`BaseSettings`), never scattered `os.getenv`.
+7. Validate JWT `exp`/`iss`/`aud` and pin `algorithms=["RS256"|"HS256"]` explicitly.
+8. Tests: `ASGITransport` + `dependency_overrides` on a transactional DB; CI gates on `ruff`, `mypy --strict`, `pytest --cov`, `pip-audit`.
+
+## Project layout
+
+```text
+app/
+├── main.py            # create_app() factory + lifespan; app = create_app()
+├── core/
+│   ├── config.py      # Settings(BaseSettings) + get_settings()
+│   ├── security.py    # hashing, JWT encode/decode
+│   └── logging.py     # structlog / JSON logging setup
+├── api/
+│   ├── deps.py        # get_db, get_current_user, Pagination, require_roles
+│   └── routers/
+│       ├── users.py
+│       └── health.py
+├── schemas/           # Pydantic v2 models (Create/Update/Response)
+│   └── user.py
+├── models/            # SQLAlchemy 2.0 DeclarativeBase models
+│   └── user.py
+├── db/
+│   ├── base.py        # engine, async_sessionmaker, Base
+│   └── repository.py  # generic async Repository[ModelT]
+├── services/          # business logic (no FastAPI imports)
+│   └── user_service.py
+├── exceptions.py      # AppError hierarchy + register_exception_handlers
+tests/                 # pytest-asyncio + ASGITransport
+alembic/               # async env.py + versions/
+pyproject.toml         # ruff + mypy strict + pytest config
+```
+
+Routers stay thin, services hold the logic, the repository/CRUD layer owns persistence.
+
+## Application factory + lifespan
+
+```python
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
+
+from app.api.routers import health, users
+from app.core.config import Settings, get_settings
+from app.db.base import engine
+from app.exceptions import register_exception_handlers
+
+# Routers paired with their mount prefix + OpenAPI tag, declared once so the factory
+# stays a flat loop instead of a wall of include_router() calls.
+ROUTERS = (
+    (health.router, "/health", "health"),
+    (users.router, "/api/v1/users", "users"),
+)
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def lifespan(_app: FastAPI):
+    # Open pools/caches on startup (here), never at import time, so importing the module has
+    # no side effects (tests and Alembic import it freely).
+    yield
+    await engine.dispose()   # release pooled DB connections so workers exit cleanly
+
+
+def _install_cors(app: FastAPI, settings: Settings) -> None:
+    if not settings.cors_origins:
+        return  # no browser clients configured -> skip the middleware entirely
+    app.add_middleware(
+        CORSMiddleware,
+        allow_origins=settings.cors_origins,   # explicit per-env list, never ["*"] with creds
+        allow_credentials=True,
+        allow_methods=["GET", "POST", "PUT", "PATCH", "DELETE"],
+        allow_headers=["Authorization", "Content-Type"],
+    )
+
+
+def create_app(settings: Settings | None = None) -> FastAPI:
+    settings = settings or get_settings()
+    app = FastAPI(title=settings.api_title, version=settings.api_version, lifespan=lifespan)
+
+    register_exception_handlers(app)
+    _install_cors(app, settings)
+    for router, prefix, tag in ROUTERS:
+        app.include_router(router, prefix=prefix, tags=[tag])
+    return app
+
+
+app = create_app()
+```
+
+Accepting an optional `settings` argument lets tests build the app with overridden config
+without touching the `get_settings` cache. **Bad** = `allow_origins=["*"]` with
+`allow_credentials=True` — browsers reject it and Starlette refuses to echo `*` for
+credentialed requests. → [`references/production.md`](references/production.md) for proxy headers / logging wiring at
+startup.
+
+To inject servers / security schemes / a logo into the generated OpenAPI doc, assign a
+custom builder to `app.openapi` inside `create_app()`. → [`references/production.md`](references/production.md)
+(Customizing the OpenAPI schema).
+
+## Configuration (pydantic-settings)
+
+```python
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+from pydantic import PostgresDsn, SecretStr
+from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
+
+
+class Settings(BaseSettings):
+    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(env_file=".env", env_prefix="APP_", extra="ignore")
+
+    api_title: str = "Service API"
+    api_version: str = "1.0.0"
+    environment: str = "development"
+    database_url: PostgresDsn
+    jwt_secret: SecretStr
+    jwt_algorithm: str = "HS256"
+    jwt_issuer: str = "service-api"
+    jwt_audience: str = "service-clients"
+    access_token_ttl_seconds: int = 900
+    cors_origins: list[str] = []
+
+
+@lru_cache
+def get_settings() -> Settings:
+    return Settings()  # type: ignore[call-arg]  # values come from env/.env
+```
+
+**Bad** = `DB_URL = os.environ["DB_URL"]` at import time (crashes on import, untyped,
+unmockable). **Good** = inject `get_settings` as a dependency so tests override it.
+
+## Pydantic v2 models (Create/Update/Response split)
+
+```python
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Annotated
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, EmailStr, Field, computed_field
+
+# Reusable constrained types keep the same rule in one place across the three models.
+FullName = Annotated[str, Field(min_length=1, max_length=100)]
+RawPassword = Annotated[str, Field(min_length=12, max_length=128)]
+
+
+class UserInput(BaseModel):
+    """Fields a client may send. Create/Update narrow this; Response never inherits it."""
+
+    email: EmailStr
+    full_name: FullName
+
+
+class UserCreate(UserInput):
+    password: RawPassword
+
+
+class UserUpdate(BaseModel):
+    # Every field optional: a PATCH sends only what changes.
+    email: EmailStr | None = None
+    full_name: FullName | None = None
+
+
+class UserResponse(BaseModel):
+    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)  # populate straight off ORM attributes
+
+    id: UUID
+    email: EmailStr
+    full_name: str
+    created_at: datetime
+
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def label(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.full_name} <{self.email}>"
+```
+
+v2 migration cheats: use `.model_dump()` not `.dict()`; `.model_validate(obj)` not
+`.from_orm()`; `model_config = ConfigDict(...)` not class `Config`;
+`field_validator`/`model_validator` not `@validator`/`@root_validator`.
+
+**Bad** = a response model with `hashed_password: str` (leaks the hash). **Good** = the
+`UserResponse` above (no secret fields). → [`references/security.md`](references/security.md).
+
+## Dependency injection
+
+```python
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends, Query
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.db.base import async_session_factory
+
+
+async def get_db() -> AsyncIterator[AsyncSession]:
+    session = async_session_factory()
+    try:
+        yield session
+        await session.commit()   # commit only if the handler returned without raising
+    except Exception:
+        await session.rollback()  # any error (incl. HTTP exceptions) unwinds the txn
+        raise
+    finally:
+        await session.close()    # always release the connection back to the pool
+
+
+DbSession = Annotated[AsyncSession, Depends(get_db)]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Pagination:
+    limit: int
+    offset: int
+
+
+def get_pagination(
+    limit: Annotated[int, Query(ge=1, le=100)] = 50,
+    offset: Annotated[int, Query(ge=0)] = 0,
+) -> Pagination:
+    return Pagination(limit=limit, offset=offset)
+
+
+PageParams = Annotated[Pagination, Depends(get_pagination)]
+```
+
+→ [`references/database.md`](references/database.md) for `async_session_factory` wiring; → [`references/security.md`](references/security.md)
+for `get_current_user` and `require_roles`.
+
+## Routers & endpoints
+
+```python
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Response, status
+
+from app.api.deps import CurrentUser, DbSession, PageParams
+from app.schemas.user import UserCreate, UserResponse
+from app.services import user_service
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+@router.get("", response_model=list[UserResponse])
+async def list_users(db: DbSession, page: PageParams) -> list[UserResponse]:
+    return await user_service.list_users(db, limit=page.limit, offset=page.offset)
+
+
+@router.post("", response_model=UserResponse, status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
+async def create_user(payload: UserCreate, db: DbSession, response: Response) -> UserResponse:
+    user = await user_service.create_user(db, payload)
+    response.headers["Location"] = f"/api/v1/users/{user.id}"
+    return user
+```
+
+**Bad** = hashing the password + building `select()` + business rules inline in the route.
+**Good** = `await user_service.create_user(db, payload)` (route stays thin). `CurrentUser`
+is defined in `references/security.md`.
+
+## Error handling & envelope
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, status
+from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
+from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
+
+from app.core.logging import logger
+
+
+class AppError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, message: str, code: str, status_code: int = 500,
+                 details: list[dict] | None = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.message = message
+        self.code = code
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.details = details or []
+
+
+class NotFoundError(AppError):
+    def __init__(self, resource: str, ident: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(f"{resource} not found: {ident}", "not_found", 404)
+
+
+def register_exception_handlers(app: FastAPI) -> None:
+    @app.exception_handler(AppError)
+    async def _app_error(request: Request, exc: AppError) -> JSONResponse:
+        return JSONResponse(
+            status_code=exc.status_code,
+            content={"error": {"code": exc.code, "message": exc.message, "details": exc.details}},
+        )
+
+    @app.exception_handler(RequestValidationError)
+    async def _validation(request: Request, exc: RequestValidationError) -> JSONResponse:
+        details = [{"field": ".".join(map(str, e["loc"][1:])), "message": e["msg"], "code": e["type"]}
+                   for e in exc.errors()]
+        return JSONResponse(
+            status_code=422,
+            content={"error": {"code": "validation_error", "message": "Request validation failed",
+                               "details": details}},
+        )
+
+    @app.exception_handler(Exception)
+    async def _unhandled(request: Request, exc: Exception) -> JSONResponse:
+        logger.exception("unhandled_error", path=request.url.path)
+        return JSONResponse(
+            status_code=500,
+            content={"error": {"code": "internal_error", "message": "An unexpected error occurred"}},
+        )
+```
+
+Keep this envelope identical across every handler — one `code`/`message`/`details` shape so
+clients parse errors once. Subclass `AppError` per failure (each fixes a `code` + status):
+`NotFoundError` (404), `ConflictError` (409), `Unauthorized` (401), `Forbidden` (403) — full
+hierarchy in → [`references/production.md`](references/production.md) (AppError subclasses).
+[`secure-coding`](../secure-coding/SKILL.md) has the why: error responses must never leak internals
+(stack traces, SQL, secrets).
+
+## Async SQLAlchemy 2.0 (essentials)
+
+```python
+from datetime import datetime
+from uuid import UUID, uuid4
+
+from sqlalchemy import func, select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
+from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from app.core.config import get_settings
+
+engine = create_async_engine(str(get_settings().database_url), pool_pre_ping=True)
+async_session_factory = async_sessionmaker(engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+
+
+class Base(DeclarativeBase):
+    pass
+
+
+class User(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "users"
+
+    id: Mapped[UUID] = mapped_column(primary_key=True, default=uuid4)
+    email: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(unique=True, index=True)
+    full_name: Mapped[str]
+    hashed_password: Mapped[str]
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(server_default=func.now())
+
+
+async def list_users(db: AsyncSession, limit: int, offset: int) -> list[User]:
+    result = await db.execute(
+        select(User).order_by(User.created_at.desc()).limit(limit).offset(offset)
+    )
+    return list(result.scalars().all())
+```
+
+Fetch by PK with `await db.get(Model, pk)`, by unique key with `.scalar_one_or_none()`; eager-load with
+`selectinload` (collections) / `joinedload` (many-to-one).
+→ [`references/database.md`](references/database.md) for relationships, N+1 / eager loading, repository, Alembic, pooling.
+
+## Background tasks vs real queues
+
+```python
+from fastapi import BackgroundTasks
+
+
+# Good: in-request, non-durable side effect (best-effort email).
+@router.post("/signup")
+async def signup(background: BackgroundTasks) -> dict[str, str]:
+    background.add_task(send_welcome_email, "user@example.com")
+    return {"status": "accepted"}
+```
+
+Anything needing **retries, durability, or cross-process execution** (payment webhooks, large
+jobs) goes to a real broker (Celery / Arq / Dramatiq), **never** `BackgroundTasks` — it runs
+in-process and dies with the worker, with no retry or visibility.
+
+## Testing
+
+Drive the app in-process with `httpx.AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=create_app()))`
+and swap real dependencies via `app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = lambda: db_session` against
+a transactional fixture — so every test rolls back. Use `pytest-asyncio` with
+`asyncio_mode = "auto"` (no `@pytest.mark.asyncio`), and assert secrets never serialize (e.g.
+`assert "hashed_password" not in resp.json()`). TDD red→green→refactor. Full fixtures
+(transactional `begin_nested`, auth overrides, respx, coverage gate) in
+→ [`references/testing.md`](references/testing.md).
+
+## Security
+
+Full hardening playbook — argon2 hashing, OAuth2 + JWT (claims validated, `algorithms`
+pinned), `get_current_user`/`require_roles` RBAC, CORS, shared-store rate limiting, injection,
+`SecretStr` + log redaction, security headers, `pip-audit` — lives in
+→ [`references/security.md`](references/security.md) — including the exact `argon2.PasswordHasher().hash(pw)` and
+`jwt.decode(t, key, algorithms=[...], audience=..., issuer=...)` calls. See
+[`secure-coding`](../secure-coding/SKILL.md) for the language-agnostic theory.
+
+## Production
+
+ASGI/worker math, structured JSON logging + request-id, liveness vs readiness probes, graceful
+shutdown, keyset pagination, caching, `ORJSONResponse` and proxy headers all live in
+→ [`references/production.md`](references/production.md). See [`deployment`](../deployment/SKILL.md) for the
+Dockerfile and CI/CD pipeline.
+
+## Anti-patterns
+
+| Anti-pattern | Why it breaks → do this |
+|---|---|
+| `requests` (or any blocking call) inside an `async def` route | Blocks the event loop → use `httpx.AsyncClient`. |
+| `.dict()` / `from_orm()` on a model | Pydantic v2: use `.model_dump()`; `.dict()`/`from_orm` are deprecated. |
+| Returning the ORM object with no `response_model` | Leaks columns + lazy-loads in serializer → declare `response_model`. |
+| `allow_origins=['*']` together with credentials | Browser rejects it; Starlette blocks it. Pin origins. |
+| Decoding a JWT without checking `exp`/`aud` | Forged/replayed tokens. Validate exp/iss/aud + pin alg. |
+| Building the WHERE clause with an f-string | SQLi. Bound params / SQLAlchemy expressions only. |
+| One global session shared by the whole app | Cross-request data bleed + concurrency bugs. One session per request. |
+| Catching `Exception` and returning its message | Leaks internals. Log it, return generic 500. |
+| `BackgroundTasks` for a payment-webhook retry | No durability/retry. Use a real broker. |
+| Skipping `mypy --strict` because it is noisy | Strict catches the bugs FastAPI's runtime won't. Keep it. |
+| Committing inside the handler | Let `get_db` own commit/rollback; handlers stay thin. |
+| Default-mutable arg / engine built at import time | Mutable defaults bite; engine must live in lifespan. |
+
+## Project grounding
+
+In a project with a `docs/` layer ([`harness`](../harness/SKILL.md)), read
+`docs/wiki/stack/fastapi.md` first and stay consistent with it; create or update it with this
+project's real choices — auth model (JWT/OAuth2 provider, token TTLs), DB session + migration tool,
+error-envelope shape, settings/secrets approach, deployment target — bump its `Updated` date, and index
+it in `docs/wiki/index.md`. No `docs/`? Skip silently. Conventions are *recorded, not gated* —
+never block the task on this.
+
+Verify gate: [`scripts/verify.sh`](scripts/verify.sh).

package/skills/fastapi/evals/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Eval harness — `fastapi` skill
+
+These evals are run by an **agent harness** (an LLM agent with the skill catalog
+available), not a pure shell script. `cases.yaml` is the fixture; this file is the
+procedure. Grading is done by a human or a judge-agent against the rubrics.
+
+## 1. Triggering accuracy
+
+Goal: the `fastapi` skill fires on in-scope prompts and stays silent on near-misses.
+
+1. Load **only** the `fastapi` skill description into the agent (plus the bare names of the
+   sibling skills for routing: nextjs, go, postgresdb, flutter, design, marketing,
+   presentations, course-storytelling, building-agents, secure-coding, deployment, harness,
+   init). Do **not** load the skill bodies.
+2. For each prompt in `should_trigger` and `should_not_trigger`, ask the agent which skill
+   (if any) it would invoke. Run **3–5 trials per prompt** (temperature as in production) to
+   catch flakiness.
+3. Score each prompt:
+   - `should_trigger` → PASS if `fastapi` is selected in the majority of trials.
+   - `should_not_trigger` → PASS if `fastapi` is **not** selected; bonus-correct if it routes
+     to the `route_to` sibling (or stays silent when `route_to: none`).
+4. **Pass bar: >= 90% of prompts pass** (i.e. at most 1 miss across the ~13 prompts), and no
+   `should_not_trigger` prompt may fire `fastapi` in a majority of its trials.
+
+## 2. Capability uplift (with vs without)
+
+Goal: the skill measurably improves the answer, not just gates it.
+
+1. For each `capability` scenario, run the agent **twice**:
+   - **WITHOUT**: base agent, no `fastapi` skill loaded.
+   - **WITH**: same prompt, `fastapi` skill fully loaded.
+2. Grade each output against that scenario's `must_include` checklist — count how many points
+   are genuinely satisfied (a point only counts if correct, not merely mentioned).
+3. Compute coverage = points satisfied / total points, for each run.
+4. **Pass bar:**
+   - WITH-skill coverage **>= 80%** of the rubric.
+   - WITH must beat WITHOUT by a clear margin (the uplift is the point). A skill that doesn't
+     raise coverage on at least one scenario fails the eval.
+5. Run 2–3 trials per condition and average; note any rubric point the skill never produces —
+   that's a gap to fix in `SKILL.md`.
+
+## Notes
+
+- Keep prompts varied and realistic; some deliberately omit the word "FastAPI" so triggering
+  rests on the async-Python-HTTP-service signal, not keyword matching.
+- Near-misses route to the genuinely correct sibling (Next.js → nextjs, raw SQL → postgresdb,
+  generic security → secure-coding, Docker/CI → deployment) or to `none` (Flask, framework-
+  agnostic REST contract questions).
+- This is judgment-based, not byte-exact; record trial counts and the judge (human or model)
+  alongside results for reproducibility.

package/skills/fastapi/evals/cases.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+skill: fastapi
+
+should_trigger:
+  - prompt: "Add a PATCH endpoint to update a user's email and full name, returning the updated record without leaking the password hash."
+    why: "FastAPI route + Pydantic Update/Response split + ORM serialization — the core of this skill's resource pattern."
+  - prompt: "My async route calls an external API with requests.get() and the whole server hangs under load. How should I fix it?"
+    why: "Blocking-call-on-the-event-loop anti-pattern; skill's decision rule #1 (httpx.AsyncClient / anyio.to_thread). User never names FastAPI but it's an async Python HTTP service."
+  - prompt: "How do I write tests for my endpoints that hit a real database session but roll everything back, without spinning up a live server?"
+    why: "ASGITransport + dependency_overrides + transactional fixture is this skill's testing playbook; no tool named but the in-process pattern is FastAPI-specific."
+  - prompt: "We need OAuth2 password login issuing JWTs, plus a require_roles guard so only admins can hit /api/v1/users. Wire it into our service."
+    why: "OAuth2 password flow + JWT claim validation + RBAC dependency — squarely in 'When to use' (auth)."
+  - prompt: "Set up pyproject.toml with ruff, mypy strict and uv for our Pydantic + SQLAlchemy 2.0 service, and add a CI gate."
+    why: "Tooling/dependency-management + mypy strict + CI gates for an async Python service is explicitly in scope."
+  - prompt: "Every handler returns errors in a different JSON shape. I want one consistent error response and 404/409 to be automatic. How?"
+    why: "Centralized exception handlers + single {error:{code,message,details}} envelope + AppError hierarchy — a named decision rule, phrased without mentioning FastAPI."
+  - prompt: "Our app builds the SQLAlchemy engine and reads os.environ at import time and it crashes in tests. What's the right structure?"
+    why: "App factory + lifespan + pydantic-settings injection; engine must live in lifespan, not at import — a core structural rule."
+
+should_not_trigger:
+  - prompt: "Build a Next.js App Router page with a server action that posts a form and revalidates the cache."
+    route_to: "nextjs"
+    why: "Frontend/Next.js work; explicitly excluded in 'When NOT to use'."
+  - prompt: "Write the SQL and the Postgres index strategy for a fast keyset-paginated query over a 50M-row events table, and verify with EXPLAIN."
+    route_to: "postgresdb"
+    why: "Pure engine-level SQL/indexing/EXPLAIN below the SQLAlchemy layer; this is the postgresdb sibling's territory."
+  - prompt: "Explain the general principles for preventing injection and safely storing secrets, language-agnostic."
+    route_to: "secure-coding"
+    why: "Generic secure-coding theory not specific to Python/FastAPI; skill defers this to secure-coding."
+  - prompt: "Write the Dockerfile and GitHub Actions pipeline to build and deploy our container image."
+    route_to: "deployment"
+    why: "Container/Compose/CI deploy mechanics belong to deployment; this skill keeps only a Docker note."
+  - prompt: "Convert this Flask blueprint with its sync SQLAlchemy ORM into cleaner Flask views."
+    route_to: "none"
+    why: "Flask/sync WSGI app explicitly excluded; no FastAPI sibling, and no other catalog skill covers Flask."
+  - prompt: "What HTTP status code and URL naming convention should I use for a bulk-delete REST endpoint, framework-agnostic?"
+    route_to: "none"
+    why: "Pure REST contract/design question (status codes, URL naming) — general REST-design territory, not the FastAPI implementation."
+
+capability:
+  - scenario: "User asks: 'Add a POST /api/v1/users endpoint that creates a user. The request takes email, full_name, password; persist it and return the created user.'"
+    must_include:
+      - "Three Pydantic v2 models: UserCreate (with password) / UserResponse (no password or hashed_password field) / from_attributes=True (or model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True))"
+      - "Thin route that delegates to a service/repository layer — no inline hashing, raw select(), or business logic in the handler"
+      - "DB session injected via Annotated[AsyncSession, Depends(get_db)] and the handler does NOT commit (get_db owns commit/rollback)"
+      - "async def handler; password hashed with argon2 (not stored or returned in plaintext); response_model=UserResponse declared"
+      - "status_code=201 and a Location header pointing at /api/v1/users/{id}"
+      - "Assertion/note that hashed_password never appears in the response payload"
+  - scenario: "User asks: 'Write a pytest test that POSTs to my create-user endpoint, asserts 201, and rolls back the DB afterward — no live server.'"
+    must_include:
+      - "httpx.AsyncClient with transport=ASGITransport(app=create_app()) — in-process, not a real network/uvicorn server"
+      - "app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = ... to swap in a transactional/test session"
+      - "Transactional fixture that rolls back (e.g. begin_nested / session rollback) so tests don't persist data"
+      - "pytest-asyncio with asyncio_mode = auto (no per-test @pytest.mark.asyncio needed)"
+      - "Asserts response.status_code == 201"
+      - "Asserts a secret field (e.g. 'hashed_password') is NOT in resp.json()"