@d-zero/beholder 2.1.6 → 3.0.0

package/src/dom-evaluation.ts

@@ -14,12 +14,15 @@
  * @see {@link ./types.ts} for the data types returned by these functions
  */
 
+import type { RawHeadEntry } from './meta/types.js';
 import type { AnchorData, ImageElement, Meta, ParseURLOptions } from './types.js';
-import type { ElementHandle, Page } from 'puppeteer';
+import type { CDPSession, ElementHandle, Page } from 'puppeteer';
 
 import { raceWithTimeout } from '@d-zero/shared/race-with-timeout';
 
 import { domDetailsLog, domLog } from './debug.js';
+import { classify, emptyMeta } from './meta/classify.js';
+import { detectTags } from './meta/tag-detection.js';
 import { parseUrl } from './parse-url.js';
 
 const pid = `${process.pid}`;
@@ -30,8 +33,12 @@ const dLog = domDetailsLog.extend(pid);
  * Default timeout (ms) applied to DOM evaluation operations when the caller does not
  * specify one. Bounds how long a single `page.evaluate` / property read may hang on a
  * page whose main thread is unresponsive.
+ *
+ * WHY 180s: Aligned with the upstream `Scraper#fetchData` retryable timeout (3 min) so
+ * a single phase does not exceed the retry budget while still tolerating large pages
+ * (e.g., 1000+ anchors) and slow main threads.
  */
-export const DEFAULT_DOM_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT = 30_000;
+export const DEFAULT_DOM_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT = 180_000;
 
 /**
  * Parameters for {@link getProp}.
@@ -159,6 +166,170 @@ export async function getImageList(
 	return imageList;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Page-like shape exposing puppeteer's internal CDP session.
+ *
+ * WHY private `_client()` instead of `page.createCDPSession()`: the `objectId`
+ * returned by {@link ElementHandle.remoteObject} is scoped to the page's primary
+ * session. A fresh session created via `createCDPSession()` cannot resolve those
+ * `objectId` values when calling `DOM.describeNode`, so we must reuse the same
+ * session puppeteer uses internally.
+ */
+interface PageWithInternalClient {
+	_client(): CDPSession;
+}
+
+/** Minimal shape of a CDP `Accessibility.AXValue` we read from. */
+interface AXValueLike {
+	readonly value?: unknown;
+}
+
+/** Minimal shape of a CDP `Accessibility.AXNode` we read from. */
+interface AXNodeLike {
+	readonly backendDOMNodeId?: number;
+	readonly ignored?: boolean;
+	readonly name?: AXValueLike;
+}
+
+interface GetFullAXTreeResponse {
+	readonly nodes: readonly AXNodeLike[];
+}
+
+interface DescribeNodeResponse {
+	readonly node: { readonly backendNodeId?: number };
+}
+
+/**
+ * One-shot warning latch: only the first time `_client()` is missing in a
+ * process do we log the degradation. Subsequent calls stay silent to avoid
+ * spamming logs while every page in a crawl re-enters the fallback path.
+ */
+let warnedAboutMissingClient = false;
+
+/**
+ * Returns puppeteer's internal CDP session for the page, or `null` if it is
+ * unreachable (e.g., test mocks, puppeteer wrappers that hide the internal API,
+ * or a future puppeteer release that renames `_client`).
+ *
+ * WHY a warning log: callers transparently fall back to textContent-only mode
+ * when this returns `null`, which masks a silent perf regression if a
+ * puppeteer update removes `_client`. The warning makes the degraded state
+ * observable in production logs so a maintainer can patch the access path.
+ *
+ * Callers fall back to a textContent-only path when this returns `null`.
+ * @param page - The Puppeteer page.
+ */
+function getInternalCDPClient(page: Page): CDPSession | null {
+	try {
+		const client = (page as unknown as Partial<PageWithInternalClient>)._client?.();
+		if (!client) {
+			if (!warnedAboutMissingClient) {
+				warnedAboutMissingClient = true;
+				log(
+					'WARN: puppeteer Page._client() returned no session — getAnchorList ' +
+						'falls back to textContent-only mode. Verify the installed puppeteer ' +
+						'version still exposes the internal _client() accessor.',
+				);
+			}
+			return null;
+		}
+		return client;
+	} catch (error) {
+		if (!warnedAboutMissingClient) {
+			warnedAboutMissingClient = true;
+			log(
+				'WARN: puppeteer Page._client() threw — getAnchorList falls back to ' +
+					'textContent-only mode. Error: %O',
+				error,
+			);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fetches the full accessibility tree once and builds a `backendDOMNodeId → accessibleName`
+ * map covering every AX node that exposes a backend DOM id.
+ *
+ * WHY include every non-ignored node (not just `role === 'link'`): the original
+ * `page.accessibility.snapshot({ root })` returned whatever AX node represented
+ * the anchor — including anchors whose computed role was overridden via ARIA
+ * (e.g., `<a role="button">`). Mapping every non-ignored node preserves that.
+ *
+ * WHY skip `ignored === true`: puppeteer's high-level snapshot uses
+ * `interestingOnly: true` by default and returns `null` for ignored nodes
+ * (aria-hidden, display:none, visibility:hidden). The old code then fell back
+ * to `textContent.trim()`. Including ignored nodes here would short-circuit
+ * that fallback with the AX tree's empty name and silently drop link text.
+ *
+ * On timeout or CDP failure, an empty map is returned so callers transparently
+ * fall back to `textContent.trim()` for every anchor.
+ * @param client - The CDP session attached to the page.
+ * @param timeout - Maximum time to wait for the AX tree fetch.
+ */
+async function buildAccessibleNameMap(
+	client: CDPSession,
+	timeout: number,
+): Promise<Map<number, string>> {
+	const { result, timeout: timedOut } = await raceWithTimeout(
+		() =>
+			client
+				.send('Accessibility.getFullAXTree')
+				.then((res) => res as unknown as GetFullAXTreeResponse)
+				.catch((error: unknown) => {
+					log('Accessibility.getFullAXTree failed: %O', error);
+					return null;
+				}),
+		timeout,
+	);
+	const map = new Map<number, string>();
+	if (timedOut) {
+		log('Accessibility.getFullAXTree timed out after %dms', timeout);
+		return map;
+	}
+	if (!result?.nodes) {
+		return map;
+	}
+	for (const node of result.nodes) {
+		if (node.backendDOMNodeId == null || node.ignored === true) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		const name = typeof node.name?.value === 'string' ? node.name.value : '';
+		map.set(node.backendDOMNodeId, name);
+	}
+	return map;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolves a CDP backend node id for a given element handle.
+ *
+ * Wrapped in {@link raceWithTimeout} so a single hung `DOM.describeNode` cannot
+ * stall the outer `Promise.all` over every anchor on the page.
+ * @param client - The CDP session attached to the page (must be the same session
+ *                 that owns the handle's `objectId`).
+ * @param objectId - The remote object id of the element handle.
+ * @param timeout - Maximum time to wait for the describeNode call.
+ * @returns The backend node id, or `null` if unavailable / timed out / failed.
+ */
+async function resolveBackendNodeId(
+	client: CDPSession,
+	objectId: string,
+	timeout: number,
+): Promise<number | null> {
+	const { result, timeout: timedOut } = await raceWithTimeout(
+		() =>
+			client
+				.send('DOM.describeNode', { objectId })
+				.then((res) => res as unknown as DescribeNodeResponse)
+				.catch(() => null),
+		timeout,
+	);
+	if (timedOut || !result) {
+		return null;
+	}
+	return result.node?.backendNodeId ?? null;
+}
+
 /**
  * Extracts all anchor (`<a>` and `<area>`) elements with `href` attributes from the page.
  *
@@ -166,132 +337,431 @@ export async function getImageList(
  * the accessible name (from the accessibility tree, falling back to `textContent`),
  * and filters out non-HTTP links.
  *
- * WHY this keeps per-element CDP calls (unlike {@link getMeta} / {@link getImageList}):
- * the accessible name comes from Chrome's computed accessibility tree
- * (`page.accessibility.snapshot`), which is a CDP-only feature unavailable to in-page
- * DOM APIs. Each {@link getProp} read is still bounded by `timeout`.
+ * WHY Strategy F (single AX-tree fetch + parallel `DOM.describeNode`): the old
+ * implementation called `page.accessibility.snapshot({ root })` per anchor, which
+ * triggers a CDP round-trip *and* a Chrome-side AX subtree computation (~42ms
+ * each). On a page with 1181 anchors that compounded to ~53s. By fetching the
+ * full AX tree once and using `DOM.describeNode` in parallel to map element
+ * handles back to AX nodes by `backendDOMNodeId`, the same data is collected in
+ * ~150ms on the same page — a ~350× speed-up while preserving the original
+ * accessible-name semantics. See issue #876 for measurements.
+ *
+ * WHY the whole operation is wrapped in `raceWithTimeout`: even with bounded
+ * per-CDP-call timeouts, a degenerate page (blocked main thread, thousands of
+ * anchors, runaway describeNode latency) could chain enough sub-timeouts to
+ * exceed the caller's `timeout` budget. The outer race guarantees the function
+ * returns within `timeout`, surfacing whatever anchors were collected so far so
+ * the upstream scrape phase can continue rather than tripping a retryable retry.
  * @param page - The Puppeteer page to extract anchors from.
  * @param options - Optional URL parsing options (e.g., `disableQueries`).
- * @param timeout - Timeout in ms per property read. Defaults to {@link DEFAULT_DOM_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT}.
+ * @param timeout - Total time budget in ms for the whole extraction. Defaults to {@link DEFAULT_DOM_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT}.
  * @returns An array of {@link AnchorData} objects for all HTTP(S) links found on the page.
  */
 export async function getAnchorList(
 	page: Page,
 	options?: ParseURLOptions,
 	timeout: number = DEFAULT_DOM_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT,
-) {
+): Promise<AnchorData[]> {
 	log('Getting anchors');
 
 	const $anchors = await page.$$('a[href], area[href]');
-	const anchorList: AnchorData[] = [];
+	if ($anchors.length === 0) {
+		log('Got 0 anchors');
+		return [];
+	}
+
+	const collected: AnchorData[] = [];
+	let axHits = 0;
+	let textFallbacks = 0;
+	// Set after the overall race trips so in-flight `resolveAnchor` calls can
+	// short-circuit instead of continuing to consume CDP capacity and pushing
+	// late entries into the already-returned `collected` array.
+	let cancelled = false;
+
+	const work = async () => {
+		const client = getInternalCDPClient(page);
+		if (cancelled) return;
+		const nameByBackendId = client
+			? await buildAccessibleNameMap(client, timeout)
+			: new Map<number, string>();
+		if (cancelled) return;
 
-	for (const $anchor of $anchors) {
-		const $href = await getProp(
-			{ $el: $anchor, propName: 'href', fallback: '' },
+		await Promise.all(
+			$anchors.map(async ($anchor) => {
+				if (cancelled) return;
+				const resolved = await resolveAnchor(
+					$anchor,
+					client,
+					nameByBackendId,
+					options,
+					timeout,
+				);
+				if (cancelled || !resolved) {
+					return;
+				}
+				if (resolved.source === 'ax') {
+					axHits++;
+				} else {
+					textFallbacks++;
+				}
+				collected.push(resolved.anchor);
+			}),
+		);
+	};
+
+	const { timeout: timedOut } = await raceWithTimeout(work, timeout);
+	cancelled = true;
+	if (timedOut) {
+		log(
+			'getAnchorList timed out after %dms; returning %d anchors collected so far',
 			timeout,
+			collected.length,
 		);
-		const hrefVal = $href.toString();
-		const href = parseUrl(hrefVal, options);
+	}
+
+	// Snapshot so post-return mutations from any in-flight Promise.all callback
+	// (already gated by `cancelled`, but not synchronously cancellable) cannot
+	// alter the array the caller now holds.
+	const result = [...collected];
+	log(
+		'Got %d anchors (%d via AX, %d via textContent)',
+		result.length,
+		axHits,
+		textFallbacks,
+	);
+	dLog(
+		'Anchors are: %O',
+		result.map((a) => a.href.href),
+	);
+	return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolves a single anchor handle into an {@link AnchorData} entry, or `null`
+ * if the anchor's href is not an HTTP(S) URL.
+ *
+ * Fires `getProp(href)` and `DOM.describeNode` in parallel, then looks up the
+ * accessible name from the pre-built AX map. If the anchor is not represented
+ * in the AX map (or CDP is unavailable), falls back to a lazy `textContent`
+ * fetch — only paying the extra CDP round-trip when actually needed.
+ * @param $anchor - The Puppeteer element handle for an anchor element.
+ * @param client - The shared CDP session, or `null` if unavailable.
+ * @param nameByBackendId - Map from `backendDOMNodeId` to accessible name.
+ * @param options - URL parsing options.
+ * @param timeout - Per-CDP-call timeout in ms.
+ * @returns The resolved anchor along with the name source, or `null` when the
+ *          anchor's href is not crawlable.
+ */
+async function resolveAnchor(
+	$anchor: ElementHandle<Element>,
+	client: CDPSession | null,
+	nameByBackendId: ReadonlyMap<number, string>,
+	options: ParseURLOptions | undefined,
+	timeout: number,
+): Promise<{ anchor: AnchorData; source: 'ax' | 'text' } | null> {
+	try {
+		const objectId = $anchor.remoteObject().objectId;
+		const [hrefVal, backendNodeId] = await Promise.all([
+			getProp({ $el: $anchor, propName: 'href', fallback: '' }, timeout),
+			client && objectId != null
+				? resolveBackendNodeId(client, objectId, timeout)
+				: Promise.resolve(null),
+		]);
+
+		const href = parseUrl(hrefVal.toString(), options);
 		if (!href || !href.isHTTP) {
-			continue;
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		const axName = backendNodeId == null ? undefined : nameByBackendId.get(backendNodeId);
+		if (axName !== undefined) {
+			return { anchor: { href, textContent: axName }, source: 'ax' };
 		}
-		const axNode = await page.accessibility.snapshot({ root: $anchor });
+
 		const textContent = await getProp(
 			{ $el: $anchor, propName: 'textContent', fallback: '' },
 			timeout,
 		);
-		const accessibleName = axNode ? axNode.name || '' : textContent.trim();
-		const link: AnchorData = {
-			href,
-			textContent: accessibleName,
-		};
-		anchorList.push(link);
+		return { anchor: { href, textContent: textContent.trim() }, source: 'text' };
+	} catch (error) {
+		// `remoteObject()` (and other synchronous handle accesses) can throw when
+		// the handle is disposed (page navigated mid-extraction). Drop just this
+		// anchor rather than poisoning the Promise.all over every other anchor.
+		dLog('resolveAnchor failed for an anchor: %O', error);
+		return null;
 	}
-
-	log('Got %d anchors', anchorList.length);
-	dLog(
-		'Anchors are: %O',
-		anchorList.map((a) => a.href.href),
-	);
-	return anchorList;
 }
 
 /**
- * Extracts comprehensive meta information from the page's `<head>`.
+ * Required context for {@link getMeta}. Provided by the scraper from data it
+ * already has on hand (URL it navigated to, response status/headers it received).
  *
- * Collects all metadata in a single `page.evaluate` call (14 CDP round-trips
- * collapsed into 1) wrapped in {@link raceWithTimeout}. On timeout (an unresponsive
- * page) a minimal `{ title: '' }` is returned rather than hanging.
+ * `html` is optional: when omitted, `getMeta` falls back to `page.content()`
+ * to obtain the rendered HTML for the third-party tag detection pass.
+ */
+export type GetMetaContext = {
+	/** The fully resolved URL of the page (after redirects). */
+	readonly url: string;
+	/** Rendered HTML. Falls back to `page.content()` when omitted. */
+	readonly html?: string;
+	/** Response status code, surfaced to the Wappalyzer driver. */
+	readonly statusCode?: number;
+	/** Response headers; case is preserved by the caller, lowercased internally. */
+	readonly headers?: Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>;
+	/**
+	 * When `true`, the returned `Meta` includes `_raw: RawHeadEntry[]` for
+	 * debugging. Default `false` to keep the serialized payload small.
+	 */
+	readonly includeRaw?: boolean;
+};
+
+const WINDOW_GLOBALS_TO_CHECK: readonly string[] = [
+	'dataLayer',
+	'gtag',
+	'ga',
+	'_gaq',
+	'fbq',
+	'_fbq',
+	'clarity',
+	'_hjSettings',
+	'_hjid',
+	'twq',
+	'ttq',
+	'_linkedin_partner_id',
+	'pintrk',
+	'amplitude',
+	'mixpanel',
+	'analytics',
+	'heap',
+	'posthog',
+	'plausible',
+	'fathom',
+	'_paq',
+	's_account',
+	's',
+	'ym',
+	'UET',
+	'optimizely',
+	'_hsq',
+	'Sentry',
+	'Intercom',
+	'intercomSettings',
+	'drift',
+	'Tawk_API',
+	'zE',
+	'OneTrust',
+	'Cookiebot',
+	'Stripe',
+	'grecaptcha',
+];
+
+/**
+ * Extracts comprehensive metadata from the page.
  *
- * Collected metadata:
- * - `title` - The document title.
- * - `lang` - The `lang` attribute of the `<html>` element.
- * - `description` - The `<meta name="description">` content.
- * - `keywords` - The `<meta name="keywords">` content.
- * - `noindex` / `nofollow` / `noarchive` - Parsed from the `<meta name="robots">` directives.
- * - `canonical` - The `<link rel="canonical">` content.
- * - `alternate` - The `<link rel="alternate">` content.
- * - Open Graph tags: `og:type`, `og:title`, `og:site_name`, `og:description`, `og:url`, `og:image`.
- * - `twitter:card` - The Twitter Card type.
- * @param page - The Puppeteer page to extract meta information from.
- * @param timeout - Timeout in ms for the evaluation. Defaults to {@link DEFAULT_DOM_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT}.
- * @returns An object containing all extracted meta properties.
+ * Two passes happen in parallel:
+ * 1. Browser-side `collectHead()` serializes every `<meta>`, `<link>`,
+ *    relevant `<script>`, `<base>`, `<noscript>`/`<iframe>` and a curated
+ *    set of `window` globals into a `RawHeadEntry[]`. Node-side `classify()`
+ *    then maps those entries to typed `Meta` fields using the lookup tables
+ *    in `./meta/keys.ts`, with unknown entries preserved in `Meta.others`.
+ * 2. `detectTags()` runs `simple-wappalyzer` over the page HTML to produce
+ *    `Meta.tags` (technology detection + real-ID extraction).
+ *
+ * The whole call is wrapped in `raceWithTimeout`. On timeout an empty `Meta`
+ * (with `title: ''` and empty required arrays/objects) is returned.
+ * @param page
+ * @param context
+ * @param timeout
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * const meta = await getMeta(page, {
+ *   url: 'https://example.com/',
+ *   html: await page.content(),
+ *   statusCode: response.status,
+ *   headers: response.headers,
+ * });
+ * console.log(meta.title);                         // <title> text
+ * console.log(meta.og?.image);                     // og:image[] array
+ * console.log(meta.robots?.noindex);               // parsed robots
+ * console.log(meta.tags.detected.Analytics);       // Wappalyzer hits
+ * console.log(meta.tags.entries.find(e => e.provider === 'Google Analytics')?.id);
+ * ```
  */
 export async function getMeta(
 	page: Page,
+	context: GetMetaContext,
 	timeout: number = DEFAULT_DOM_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT,
 ): Promise<Meta> {
 	log('Getting Meta');
 
 	const { result, timeout: timedOut } = await raceWithTimeout(
-		() =>
-			page
-				.evaluate(() => {
-					/* global document, HTMLMetaElement, HTMLLinkElement */
-					const content = (selector: string): string => {
-						const el = document.querySelector(selector);
-						return el instanceof HTMLMetaElement ? el.content : '';
-					};
-					const linkHref = (selector: string): string => {
-						const el = document.querySelector(selector);
-						return el instanceof HTMLLinkElement ? el.href : '';
-					};
-					return {
-						title: document.title,
-						lang: document.documentElement.lang,
-						description: content('meta[name="description"]'),
-						keywords: content('meta[name="keywords"]'),
-						robots: content('meta[name="robots"]'),
-						canonical: linkHref('link[rel="canonical"]'),
-						alternate: linkHref('link[rel="alternate"]'),
-						'og:type': content('meta[property="og:type"]'),
-						'og:title': content('meta[property="og:title"]'),
-						'og:site_name': content('meta[property="og:site_name"]'),
-						'og:description': content('meta[property="og:description"]'),
-						'og:url': content('meta[property="og:url"]'),
-						'og:image': content('meta[property="og:image"]'),
-						'twitter:card': content('meta[name="twitter:card"]'),
-					};
-				})
-				.catch(() => null),
+		() => runGetMeta(page, context),
 		timeout,
 	);
 
 	if (timedOut || result == null) {
 		log('Meta extraction timed out or failed; returning fallback');
-		return { title: '' };
+		return emptyMeta();
 	}
 
-	const { robots: robotsVal, ...rest } = result;
-	const robots = new Set(robotsVal.split(',').map((robot) => robot.trim().toLowerCase()));
-	const meta: Meta = {
-		...rest,
-		noindex: robots.has('noindex'),
-		nofollow: robots.has('nofollow'),
-		noarchive: robots.has('noarchive'),
-	};
-
 	log('Got meta');
-	dLog('Meta data are: %O', meta);
-	return meta;
+	dLog('Meta data are: %O', result);
+	return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @param page
+ * @param context
+ */
+async function runGetMeta(page: Page, context: GetMetaContext): Promise<Meta | null> {
+	try {
+		const rawPromise = collectHeadOnPage(page);
+		const htmlPromise: Promise<string> =
+			context.html === undefined
+				? page.content().catch(() => '')
+				: Promise.resolve(context.html);
+		const [raw, html] = await Promise.all([rawPromise, htmlPromise]);
+		const tags = await detectTags({
+			url: context.url,
+			html,
+			...(context.statusCode === undefined ? {} : { statusCode: context.statusCode }),
+			...(context.headers === undefined ? {} : { headers: context.headers }),
+		});
+		return classify(raw, {
+			tags,
+			...(context.includeRaw ? { includeRaw: true } : {}),
+		});
+	} catch (error) {
+		log('runGetMeta failed: %O', error);
+		return null;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @param page
+ */
+async function collectHeadOnPage(page: Page): Promise<RawHeadEntry[]> {
+	const raw = await page
+		.evaluate((knownGlobals: readonly string[]) => {
+			/* global document, HTMLLinkElement, HTMLMetaElement, HTMLBaseElement,
+			   HTMLScriptElement, HTMLIFrameElement */
+			type Out = unknown;
+			const entries: Out[] = [];
+
+			const html = document.documentElement;
+			entries.push(
+				{
+					kind: 'html',
+					lang: html.lang || undefined,
+					dir: html.dir || undefined,
+					xmlns: html.getAttribute('xmlns') ?? undefined,
+					prefix: html.getAttribute('prefix') ?? undefined,
+					vocab: html.getAttribute('vocab') ?? undefined,
+					typeOf: html.getAttribute('typeof') ?? undefined,
+					itemscope: html.hasAttribute('itemscope') || undefined,
+					itemtype: html.getAttribute('itemtype') ?? undefined,
+					amp: html.hasAttribute('amp') || undefined,
+					lightning: html.hasAttribute('⚡') || undefined,
+				},
+				{ kind: 'title', content: document.title },
+			);
+
+			for (const base of document.querySelectorAll('base')) {
+				if (!(base instanceof HTMLBaseElement)) continue;
+				entries.push({
+					kind: 'base',
+					href: base.getAttribute('href') ?? undefined,
+					target: base.getAttribute('target') ?? undefined,
+				});
+			}
+
+			for (const meta of document.querySelectorAll('meta')) {
+				if (!(meta instanceof HTMLMetaElement)) continue;
+				const name = meta.getAttribute('name');
+				const property = meta.getAttribute('property');
+				const httpEquiv = meta.getAttribute('http-equiv');
+				const itemprop = meta.getAttribute('itemprop');
+				const charset = meta.getAttribute('charset');
+				const content = meta.getAttribute('content');
+				const media = meta.getAttribute('media');
+				entries.push({
+					kind: 'meta',
+					name: name ? name.toLowerCase() : undefined,
+					property: property ? property.toLowerCase() : undefined,
+					httpEquiv: httpEquiv ? httpEquiv.toLowerCase() : undefined,
+					itemprop: itemprop ?? undefined,
+					charset: charset ?? undefined,
+					content: content ?? undefined,
+					media: media ?? undefined,
+				});
+			}
+
+			for (const link of document.querySelectorAll('link[href]')) {
+				if (!(link instanceof HTMLLinkElement)) continue;
+				const relRaw = link.getAttribute('rel') ?? '';
+				const rel = relRaw.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/u).filter(Boolean);
+				entries.push({
+					kind: 'link',
+					rel,
+					href: link.getAttribute('href') ?? '',
+					type: link.getAttribute('type') ?? undefined,
+					media: link.getAttribute('media') ?? undefined,
+					sizes: link.getAttribute('sizes') ?? undefined,
+					title: link.getAttribute('title') ?? undefined,
+					hreflang: link.getAttribute('hreflang') ?? undefined,
+					as: link.getAttribute('as') ?? undefined,
+					crossorigin: link.getAttribute('crossorigin') ?? undefined,
+					color: link.getAttribute('color') ?? undefined,
+					blocking: link.getAttribute('blocking') ?? undefined,
+					imagesrcset: link.getAttribute('imagesrcset') ?? undefined,
+				});
+			}
+
+			const STRUCTURED_TYPES = new Set([
+				'application/ld+json',
+				'speculationrules',
+				'application/json+oembed',
+				'application/xml+oembed',
+			]);
+			for (const script of document.querySelectorAll('script[type]')) {
+				if (!(script instanceof HTMLScriptElement)) continue;
+				const scriptType = (script.getAttribute('type') ?? '').toLowerCase();
+				if (!STRUCTURED_TYPES.has(scriptType)) continue;
+				const src = script.getAttribute('src') ?? undefined;
+				const text = script.textContent ?? '';
+				const inHead = !!script.closest('head');
+				const inNoscript = !!script.closest('noscript');
+				const location = inHead ? 'head' : inNoscript ? 'noscript' : 'body';
+				entries.push({
+					kind: 'script',
+					scriptType,
+					content: text || undefined,
+					src,
+					location,
+				});
+			}
+
+			for (const iframe of document.querySelectorAll('iframe[src]')) {
+				if (!(iframe instanceof HTMLIFrameElement)) continue;
+				const src = iframe.getAttribute('src') ?? '';
+				if (!src) continue;
+				const inHead = !!iframe.closest('head');
+				const inNoscript = !!iframe.closest('noscript');
+				const location = inHead ? 'head' : inNoscript ? 'noscript' : 'body';
+				entries.push({ kind: 'iframe', src, location });
+			}
+
+			const win = window as unknown as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const presentGlobals = knownGlobals.filter((name) => win[name] !== undefined);
+			if (presentGlobals.length > 0) {
+				entries.push({ kind: 'window-global', names: presentGlobals });
+			}
+
+			return entries;
+		}, WINDOW_GLOBALS_TO_CHECK)
+		.catch(() => [] as unknown[]);
+
+	return raw as RawHeadEntry[];
 }