@cyanheads/openalex-mcp-server 0.8.0 → 0.9.0

package/dist/services/openalex/openalex-service.js

@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@
  * @module services/openalex/openalex-service
  */
 import { conflict, forbidden, invalidParams, invalidRequest, JsonRpcErrorCode, McpError, notFound, rateLimited, serviceUnavailable, timeout, unauthorized, validationError, } from '@cyanheads/mcp-ts-core/errors';
-import { fetchWithTimeout, httpStatusToErrorCode, withRetry } from '@cyanheads/mcp-ts-core/utils';
+import { defaultIsTransient, fetchWithTimeout, httpStatusToErrorCode, withRetry, } from '@cyanheads/mcp-ts-core/utils';
 import { getServerConfig } from '../../config/server-config.js';
 import { mergeUpstreamBudget, parseUpstreamBudget } from './budget.js';
 import fieldCatalog from './field-catalog.json' with { type: 'json' };
 import { rankFields } from './field-ranker.js';
+import { quoteCallerText, quotedCommaValue, upstreamFilterValue } from './filter-values.js';
 import { normalizeProviderText, normalizeProviderValue } from './provider-text.js';
 import { DEFAULT_SELECT, ENTITY_TYPES, } from './types.js';
 import { redactUrlsInMessage } from './url-redaction.js';
@@ -37,23 +38,35 @@ const BOOLEAN_GROUP_BY_FIELDS = new Set([
  * canonical key. A record would hold only the last of them.
  *
  * Comma handling (commas collide with OpenAlex's filter clause separator):
- * - `*.search` keys: wrap the value in double quotes for faithful phrase passthrough
- *   (skip if already quoted).
+ * - Free-text search keys (`title.search`, `abstract.search.exact`, `semantic.search`, …) and
+ *   keys matched as whole text (`raw_affiliation_strings`, `display_name`, `geo.city`, …): the
+ *   value goes out double-quoted as `quotedCommaValue()` writes it, so the comma stays part of the
+ *   phrase. The quoted value is sent as written, `+` included.
  * - All other keys: throw a pre-flight validation error — OpenAlex OR-lists use `|`, not commas.
+ *
+ * Every other value goes out as `upstreamFilterValue()` writes it: country and `language` values
+ * converted to the codes OpenAlex stores (a country segment that cannot be a code throws
+ * `invalid_country_code`), a multi-word value on a key matched as whole text (`geo.city`,
+ * `awards.funder_display_name`, …) double-quoted so OpenAlex reads it as one phrase, and the AND
+ * operator — a `+`, or a space on a key where words mean AND — sent as the AND it spells. A value
+ * that puts that operator beside a `|` throws `mixed_and_or_in_filter_value`, since OpenAlex drops
+ * every `|` alternative that ANDs more than one value; a value sent double-quoted that carries a
+ * `"` of its own throws `quote_in_filter_value`. Every throw runs before any request.
+ * `autocomplete()` sends its filters without `translateFilters()`, so the conversion lives here
+ * rather than there.
+ *
+ * Exported for the timing suite, which runs it on caller-sized keys and values.
  */
-function buildFilterString(filters) {
+export function buildFilterString(filters) {
     return filters
         .map(([key, value]) => {
         if (value.includes(',')) {
-            if (key.endsWith('.search')) {
-                // Phrase passthrough: double-quote wrapping preserves the comma as free-text.
-                const quoted = value.startsWith('"') && value.endsWith('"') ? value : `"${value}"`;
-                return `${key}:${quoted}`;
-            }
-            // Non-search key: comma is a caller error — OpenAlex uses | for OR, not comma.
-            throw invalidParams(`Filter \`${key}\` value contains a comma, which OpenAlex reads as a filter separator. Use \`|\` for OR (e.g. \`2020|2021\`), or a \`.search\` filter or the \`query\` parameter for free text.`, { reason: 'comma_in_filter_value', filterKey: key });
+            const phrase = quotedCommaValue(key, value);
+            if (phrase !== undefined)
+                return `${key}:${phrase}`;
+            throw invalidParams(`Filter ${quoteCallerText(key)} value contains a comma, which OpenAlex reads as a filter separator. Use \`|\` for OR (e.g. \`2020|2021\`); a free-text search filter (such as \`title.search\` or \`abstract.search.exact\`) or a field matched as whole text (such as \`raw_affiliation_strings\` or \`display_name\`) takes a phrase that holds a comma.`, { reason: 'comma_in_filter_value', filterKey: key });
         }
-        return `${key}:${value}`;
+        return `${key}:${upstreamFilterValue(key, value)}`;
     })
         .join(',');
 }
@@ -89,27 +102,85 @@ const PMC_URL_PATTERN = /^https?:\/\/(?:www\.)?(?:pmc\.ncbi\.nlm\.nih\.gov|ncbi\
  */
 export const PMCID_NOT_INDEXED_HINT = 'OpenAlex indexes no PMCIDs, so a PMCID resolves nothing however it is written. Convert it to a PMID or DOI — the NCBI ID Converter (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/tools/idconv/) does this — and retry with that identifier.';
 /**
- * A keyword's own OpenAlex URL. Keywords are the only `ENTITY_TYPES` member OpenAlex addresses
- * by slug rather than a native letter-and-number ID, and their URL spells out the `keywords/`
- * path segment the endpoint already supplies — so stripping the host alone builds
- * `/keywords/keywords/<slug>`, which 404s, and the ID a search returns cannot be fed back into
- * its own lookup. The host is anchored on both ends so a look-alike domain is never read as
- * OpenAlex, and the slug group requires at least one character so a slugless path stays unrouted.
- */
-const OPENALEX_KEYWORD_URL_PATTERN = /^https:\/\/openalex\.org\/keywords\/([^/?#]+)\/?$/i;
-/**
- * Prefix `normalizeId()` emits → the single entity type that identifier scheme addresses.
- * Every external scheme OpenAlex indexes belongs to exactly one entity type, which is what
- * lets an identifier resolve without the caller naming a type.
- */
-const ENTITY_TYPE_BY_ID_PREFIX = {
-    doi: 'works',
-    issn: 'sources',
-    orcid: 'authors',
-    pmcid: 'works',
-    pmid: 'works',
-    ror: 'institutions',
+ * The start of an OpenAlex URL — `openalex.org`, `www.openalex.org`, or `api.openalex.org`, with
+ * an `http(s)://` scheme or none — gating the `URL` parse in `parseOpenAlexUrl()`. The lookahead
+ * anchors the host on the right, so a look-alike that only starts with it (`openalex.org.example`,
+ * `openalex.org:8443`) is never parsed, and the scheme anchors it on the left.
+ */
+const OPENALEX_URL_START = /^(?:https?:\/\/)?(?:www\.|api\.)?openalex\.org(?=[/?#]|$)/i;
+/** A native OpenAlex ID — one letter, then digits (`W2741809807`, the legacy venue `V137773608`). */
+const NATIVE_ID_PATTERN = /^[a-z]\d+$/i;
+/**
+ * Read the one ID an OpenAlex URL carries — a record page (`https://openalex.org/works/W…`), an
+ * API URL (`https://api.openalex.org/works/W…`), the short form (`https://openalex.org/W…`), or
+ * a keyword's `…/keywords/<slug>` — over `http://`, `https://`, or no scheme, ignoring a trailing
+ * `/`, the query string, and the fragment. The path must be `/<ID>` or `/<entity type>/<ID>`, a
+ * slug under `/keywords/`; anything else returns undefined and is left as the caller wrote it.
+ *
+ * Keywords are the one entity type OpenAlex addresses by slug, so their URL is the only spelling
+ * that identifies a keyword — and the entity-type segment has to go either way, since the request
+ * path supplies it again. A native ID's letter is upper-cased: OpenAlex IDs are upper-case, and
+ * the URL already says the value is one. A value with whitespace inside is refused before the
+ * parse, which would otherwise drop tabs and line breaks and join the pieces into an ID.
+ */
+function parseOpenAlexUrl(value) {
+    if (!OPENALEX_URL_START.test(value) || /\s/.test(value))
+        return;
+    const { pathname } = new URL(/^https?:\/\//i.test(value) ? value : `https://${value}`);
+    const path = pathname.endsWith('/') ? pathname.slice(0, -1) : pathname;
+    const [first = '', second, ...rest] = path.split('/').slice(1);
+    if (rest.length > 0)
+        return;
+    if (second === undefined) {
+        return NATIVE_ID_PATTERN.test(first) ? nativeId(first) : undefined;
+    }
+    const entityType = first.toLowerCase();
+    if (!isEntityType(entityType))
+        return;
+    if (entityType === 'keywords')
+        return second ? { id: second, kind: 'keyword' } : undefined;
+    return NATIVE_ID_PATTERN.test(second) ? nativeId(second) : undefined;
+}
+function nativeId(id) {
+    return { id: `${id.charAt(0).toUpperCase()}${id.slice(1)}`, kind: 'native' };
+}
+function isEntityType(value) {
+    return ENTITY_TYPES.includes(value);
+}
+/**
+ * Prefix `normalizeId()` emits → the entity types an identifier of that scheme can address, in
+ * the order `inferIdentifier()` looks them up. Most schemes belong to one type. A ROR names an
+ * organization, and OpenAlex keeps an organization's institution, funder, and publisher records
+ * apart under the same ROR — NSF's `021nxhr62` is all three — so a ROR can address any of them.
+ */
+const ENTITY_TYPES_BY_ID_PREFIX = {
+    doi: ['works'],
+    issn: ['sources'],
+    orcid: ['authors'],
+    pmcid: ['works'],
+    pmid: ['works'],
+    ror: ['institutions', 'funders', 'publishers'],
 };
+/**
+ * The Crossref Funder Registry's DOI prefix. Funders are keyed by these DOIs, which OpenAlex's
+ * `/funders/doi:` path does not resolve — only the `ids.doi` filter matches them, with the bare
+ * DOI. A few thousand works carry one too, by mis-attribution, so a funder DOI still reaches a
+ * work when the caller asks for works.
+ */
+const FUNDER_REGISTRY_DOI_PREFIX = '10.13039/';
+/**
+ * A DOI the funder `ids.doi` filter can match as one literal value: a DOI shape with nothing in
+ * it that filter syntax reads as structure — `|` (OR), `+` (AND), `,` (clause separator), or
+ * whitespace. A leading `!`, `<`, or `>` fails the `10.` anchor.
+ */
+const FUNDER_DOI_FILTER_VALUE = /^10\.\d{4,}\/[^\s,|+]+$/;
+/**
+ * The filter clause that matches a funder by its bare DOI, or undefined for a value that clause
+ * would read as more than one literal DOI — it could only match some other funder, or every one.
+ */
+export function funderDoiFilter(doi) {
+    return FUNDER_DOI_FILTER_VALUE.test(doi) ? `ids.doi:${doi}` : undefined;
+}
 /**
  * Detect ID format and return the API path segment.
  * "10.1038/nature12373" → "doi:10.1038/nature12373"
@@ -123,20 +194,16 @@ const ENTITY_TYPE_BY_ID_PREFIX = {
  * "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1234567/" → "pmcid:PMC1234567"
  * "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21491125" → "pmid:21491125"
  * "PMID:21491125" → "pmid:21491125"
- * "https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater" → "groundwater"
+ * "https://openalex.org/works/W2741809807" → "W2741809807"
+ * "https://api.openalex.org/keywords/groundwater" → "groundwater"
  * "W2741809807" → "W2741809807"
  */
 export function normalizeId(id) {
     const trimmed = id.trim();
-    // Keyword URL → its bare slug. Runs ahead of the generic OpenAlex strip, which would leave
-    // the `keywords/` segment in place and double it against the endpoint path.
-    const keywordSlug = OPENALEX_KEYWORD_URL_PATTERN.exec(trimmed)?.[1];
-    if (keywordSlug) {
-        return keywordSlug;
-    }
-    // Full OpenAlex URL
-    if (trimmed.startsWith('https://openalex.org/')) {
-        return trimmed.replace('https://openalex.org/', '');
+    // OpenAlex URL → the bare ID or keyword slug it carries (see parseOpenAlexUrl)
+    const openAlexId = parseOpenAlexUrl(trimmed);
+    if (openAlexId) {
+        return openAlexId.id;
     }
     // DOI URL
     if (trimmed.startsWith('https://doi.org/')) {
@@ -192,7 +259,7 @@ export function normalizeId(id) {
     const colon = trimmed.indexOf(':');
     if (colon > 0) {
         const scheme = trimmed.slice(0, colon).toLowerCase();
-        if (Object.hasOwn(ENTITY_TYPE_BY_ID_PREFIX, scheme)) {
+        if (Object.hasOwn(ENTITY_TYPES_BY_ID_PREFIX, scheme)) {
             return `${scheme}${trimmed.slice(colon)}`;
         }
     }
@@ -214,10 +281,70 @@ const ENTITY_TYPE_BY_ID_LETTER = {
  * as *filter values* are deliberately absent here. `C` (the deprecated Concepts entity) and `G`
  * are not in `ENTITY_TYPES`, so there is no endpoint to fetch one from. `K` is in `ENTITY_TYPES`,
  * but OpenAlex identifies keywords by slug and emits no numeric K-prefixed IDs, so routing that
- * shape addressed nothing — `OPENALEX_KEYWORD_URL_PATTERN` is the keyword identifier. All three
- * fall through to autocomplete rather than being routed to a path that would 404.
+ * shape addressed nothing — a keyword URL is the keyword identifier. All three fall through to
+ * autocomplete rather than being routed to a path that would 404.
  */
 const ROUTABLE_OPENALEX_ID = /^([AFIPSTW])\d+$/;
+/**
+ * A native ID whose letter names the entity type that holds it — every routable letter plus `C`,
+ * a concept ID, which names a type this server does not serve. Read case-insensitively: OpenAlex
+ * answers a lower-case ID as it does the upper-case one. `V` (a legacy venue ID that still
+ * resolves under `/sources/`), `K`, and `G` are absent, so `search()` checks none of them.
+ */
+const LETTERED_OPENALEX_ID = /^([ACFIPSTW])\d+$/i;
+/**
+ * Refuse a native ID whose letter names a different entity type than the lookup's. No record of
+ * one type carries another type's letter and every cross-letter lookup 404s upstream, so the
+ * request could only fail as a generic not-found; this names the type the ID belongs to instead.
+ *
+ * Keywords are exempt: their IDs are slugs, and real ones are shaped like native IDs (`P53`,
+ * `F1`, `S1`, `A1`), so on a keyword lookup a letter names nothing.
+ */
+function assertIdMatchesEntityType(id, entityType) {
+    const letter = entityType === 'keywords' ? undefined : LETTERED_OPENALEX_ID.exec(id)?.[1];
+    if (letter === undefined)
+        return;
+    const idType = ENTITY_TYPE_BY_ID_LETTER[letter.toUpperCase()];
+    if (idType === entityType)
+        return;
+    const requested = `it identifies no record among ${entityType}`;
+    const shown = capIdEcho(id);
+    throw validationError(idType
+        ? `${shown} is an OpenAlex ${idType.replace(/s$/, '')} ID, which entity_type "${idType}" looks up — ${requested}.`
+        : `${shown} is an OpenAlex concept ID — concepts are a deprecated OpenAlex entity type this server does not serve, so ${requested}.`, { reason: 'id_type_mismatch', id, entityType, ...(idType ? { idEntityType: idType } : {}) });
+}
+/**
+ * Characters a URL parse reads as structure rather than as part of a by-ID path's ID: `?` and
+ * `#` end the path, `\` separates segments on an `https:` URL, and tab, line feed, and carriage
+ * return are dropped outright, joining what they separated.
+ */
+const ID_PATH_STRUCTURE = /[?#\\\t\n\r]/g;
+/** A `.` or `..` path segment in any spelling a URL parse resolves — `%2e` is a dot. */
+const DOT_SEGMENT = /^(?:\.|%2e){1,2}$/i;
+/** The most of a refused `id` an error message quotes; `data.id` keeps it whole. */
+const ID_ECHO_MAX_CHARS = 200;
+/** A refused `id` cut to `ID_ECHO_MAX_CHARS`, so a caller-sized one cannot bloat the message. */
+function capIdEcho(id) {
+    return id.length > ID_ECHO_MAX_CHARS ? `${id.slice(0, ID_ECHO_MAX_CHARS)}…` : id;
+}
+/**
+ * The by-ID request path for `id`: `/<entityType>/<id>`, with every character a URL parse would
+ * read as structure percent-encoded so it stays part of the ID. OpenAlex decodes them back, so a
+ * DOI that holds a `#` or `?` reaches the record it names instead of a truncated one.
+ *
+ * A `.` or `..` segment, plain or percent-encoded, is refused before any request, since encoding
+ * cannot keep it inside the path. `/` is left as written, since DOIs carry it, and an encoded
+ * `%2F` is one segment to both the parse and OpenAlex. The refusal quotes `callerId`, the
+ * identifier as the caller wrote it, rather than the normalized `id` (`doi:…` for a DOI URL).
+ */
+export function byIdPath(entityType, id, callerId = id) {
+    const encoded = id.replace(ID_PATH_STRUCTURE, encodeURIComponent);
+    const dots = encoded.split('/').find((segment) => DOT_SEGMENT.test(segment));
+    if (dots !== undefined) {
+        throw validationError(`id ${JSON.stringify(capIdEcho(callerId))} holds a "${dots}" path segment, which a ${entityType} lookup by ID does not accept.`, { reason: 'id_dot_segment', id: callerId, entityType });
+    }
+    return `/${entityType}/${encoded}`;
+}
 /**
  * Classify a query as an identifier, or return `undefined` for a name.
  *
@@ -226,26 +353,47 @@ const ROUTABLE_OPENALEX_ID = /^([AFIPSTW])\d+$/;
  * it produced. Names never survive that: a name with a colon in it yields a prefix that is in no
  * scheme table, and anything else fails the native-ID pattern.
  *
- * Keywords are the exception, and are read from the raw query instead: their IDs are slugs, so
- * `normalizeId()` reduces the URL to a bare word that no longer names an entity type. The URL
- * form is the only keyword spelling that identifies itself — a bare slug is indistinguishable
- * from any other name, and autocomplete is the right answer for it.
- */
-export function inferIdentifier(query) {
-    const keywordSlug = OPENALEX_KEYWORD_URL_PATTERN.exec(query.trim())?.[1];
-    if (keywordSlug) {
-        return { entityType: 'keywords', id: keywordSlug, scheme: 'openalex' };
+ * Keywords are the exception, and are read from the URL before it is reduced: their IDs are
+ * slugs, so `normalizeId()` turns the URL into a bare word that no longer names an entity type.
+ * The URL form is the only keyword spelling that identifies itself — a bare slug is
+ * indistinguishable from any other name, and autocomplete is the right answer for it.
+ *
+ * `requested` (the caller's `entity_type`) narrows an identifier only among the types it can
+ * address: a ROR to one of institutions, funders, and publishers, and a Funder Registry DOI to
+ * works. Any other type leaves the identifier's own types in place — except `keywords`, under
+ * which a bare native-ID shape is a name: keyword IDs are slugs, and `P53` is a keyword.
+ */
+export function inferIdentifier(query, requested) {
+    const trimmed = query.trim();
+    const fromUrl = parseOpenAlexUrl(trimmed);
+    if (fromUrl?.kind === 'keyword') {
+        return { entityTypes: ['keywords'], id: fromUrl.id, scheme: 'openalex' };
     }
-    const normalized = normalizeId(query);
+    if (fromUrl)
+        return nativeIdentifier(fromUrl.id);
+    const normalized = normalizeId(trimmed);
     const colon = normalized.indexOf(':');
     if (colon > 0) {
         const scheme = normalized.slice(0, colon).toLowerCase();
-        const entityType = ownEntry(ENTITY_TYPE_BY_ID_PREFIX, scheme);
-        return entityType ? { entityType, id: normalized, scheme } : undefined;
+        const types = ownEntry(ENTITY_TYPES_BY_ID_PREFIX, scheme);
+        if (!types)
+            return;
+        if (scheme === 'doi' && normalized.startsWith(FUNDER_REGISTRY_DOI_PREFIX, colon + 1)) {
+            return { entityTypes: [requested === 'works' ? 'works' : 'funders'], id: normalized, scheme };
+        }
+        const entityTypes = requested !== undefined && types.includes(requested) ? [requested] : types;
+        return { entityTypes, id: normalized, scheme };
     }
-    const letter = ROUTABLE_OPENALEX_ID.exec(normalized)?.[1];
+    if (requested === 'keywords')
+        return;
+    const native = nativeIdentifier(normalized);
+    return native && { ...native, mayBeName: true };
+}
+/** A routable native OpenAlex ID as the identifier it is, or undefined for any other value. */
+function nativeIdentifier(id) {
+    const letter = ROUTABLE_OPENALEX_ID.exec(id)?.[1];
     const entityType = letter ? ENTITY_TYPE_BY_ID_LETTER[letter] : undefined;
-    return entityType ? { entityType, id: normalized, scheme: 'openalex' } : undefined;
+    return entityType ? { entityTypes: [entityType], id, scheme: 'openalex' } : undefined;
 }
 /**
  * Reconstruct abstract text from OpenAlex's inverted index format.
@@ -285,8 +433,47 @@ function normalizeEntityRecord(record) {
         abstract: normalizeProviderText(reconstructAbstract(abstract_inverted_index)),
     };
 }
-function normalizeEntityRecords(results) {
-    return results.map(normalizeEntityRecord);
+/** A string field of `value`, or null when it is absent or not a string. */
+function stringOrNull(value, key) {
+    const field = value[key];
+    return typeof field === 'string' ? field : null;
+}
+/** One `author_list` entry: the authorship's author as `{id, display_name, orcid}`. */
+function authorListEntry(authorship) {
+    const author = isRecord(authorship) && isRecord(authorship.author) ? authorship.author : {};
+    return {
+        id: stringOrNull(author, 'id'),
+        display_name: stringOrNull(author, 'display_name'),
+        orcid: stringOrNull(author, 'orcid'),
+    };
+}
+function authorListShape(entityType, select) {
+    if (entityType !== 'works' || !select?.includes(AUTHOR_LIST_FIELD))
+        return;
+    return {
+        keepAuthorships: select.some((field) => field === '*' ||
+            (field !== AUTHOR_LIST_FIELD && translateSelectField('works', field) === 'authorships')),
+    };
+}
+/**
+ * Add `author_list` to a normalized works record, derived from its `authorships`, and drop
+ * `authorships` unless the caller selected it too. A record OpenAlex returned without
+ * `authorships` gets no `author_list` — there is nothing to derive it from.
+ */
+function withAuthorList(record, shape) {
+    const { authorships, ...rest } = record;
+    if (!Array.isArray(authorships))
+        return record;
+    return {
+        ...(shape.keepAuthorships ? record : rest),
+        [AUTHOR_LIST_FIELD]: authorships.map(authorListEntry),
+    };
+}
+function normalizeEntityRecords(results, authorList) {
+    return results.map((record) => {
+        const normalized = normalizeEntityRecord(record);
+        return authorList ? withAuthorList(normalized, authorList) : normalized;
+    });
 }
 function normalizeAutocompleteRecords(results) {
     return results.map((r) => normalizeProviderValue(r));
@@ -376,13 +563,22 @@ export function toAutocompleteRecord(entityType, record) {
  * output validation downstream of a successful API call.
  */
 const REQUIRED_SEARCH_FIELDS = ['id', 'display_name'];
+/**
+ * The works `select` field the server derives rather than projects: each authorship's author as
+ * `{id, display_name, orcid}`, from the `authorships` it requests in its place. Not an upstream
+ * field, so it is never forwarded, and neither the default projection nor `*` includes it.
+ */
+export const AUTHOR_LIST_FIELD = 'author_list';
 /**
  * Works-only `select` field aliases. LLM callers reach for intuitive names that don't match
  * OpenAlex's vocabulary; renaming on the way out keeps tool ergonomics aligned with caller
- * priors. Pure key renames — no value transformation. Canonical names pass through unchanged.
+ * priors. Canonical names pass through unchanged. Two names arrive under another key:
+ * `abstract`, reconstructed from `abstract_inverted_index`, and `author_list`, reduced from
+ * `authorships` — every other alias is a pure key rename.
  */
 const SELECT_ALIASES_WORKS = {
     abstract: 'abstract_inverted_index',
+    [AUTHOR_LIST_FIELD]: 'authorships',
     authors: 'authorships',
     year: 'publication_year',
 };
@@ -399,16 +595,26 @@ const SELECT_ALIASES_SUMMARY_STATS = {
     i10_index: 'summary_stats',
 };
 /**
- * Entity types that expose `summary_stats`, verified against `api.openalex.org`. `works`,
- * `topics`, and `keywords` carry no such field and reject it in `select`, so they get no
- * alias map — the upstream 400 is the correct answer there.
+ * Sources-only `select` aliases: the `summary_stats` leaves, plus `publisher`. OpenAlex names a
+ * journal's publisher `host_organization_name` — for a repository it names the hosting
+ * institution — and token-overlap suggestions cannot reach it from `publisher`. Select only: the
+ * filter, sort, and group_by sides have no single target (`host_organization` and
+ * `host_organization_lineage` both read as "publisher"), so `publisher` there keeps its 400.
+ */
+const SELECT_ALIASES_SOURCES = {
+    ...SELECT_ALIASES_SUMMARY_STATS,
+    publisher: 'host_organization_name',
+};
+/**
+ * Entity types besides sources that expose `summary_stats`, verified against
+ * `api.openalex.org`. `works`, `topics`, and `keywords` carry no such field and reject it in
+ * `select`, so they get no alias map — the upstream 400 is the correct answer there.
  */
 const SUMMARY_STATS_ENTITY_TYPES = new Set([
     'authors',
     'funders',
     'institutions',
     'publishers',
-    'sources',
 ]);
 /**
  * Works-only `filter` key aliases. Same shape as `SELECT_ALIASES_WORKS` — LLM callers reach
@@ -428,26 +634,38 @@ const FILTER_ALIASES_WORKS = {
  * name. Keeps tool ergonomics symmetric with the response shape.
  *
  * Renames are fail-open: an unmapped name passes through and surfaces upstream's 400 with
- * its valid-field list. Several leaves can share one parent, so the list is deduped after
- * aliasing rather than before.
+ * its valid-field list. Several names can share one upstream field (summary_stats leaves;
+ * `author_list` beside `authorships`), so the list is deduped after aliasing rather than before.
  */
 function translateSelect(entityType, fields) {
     const upstream = [...REQUIRED_SEARCH_FIELDS, ...fields].map((field) => translateSelectField(entityType, field));
     return Array.from(new Set(upstream));
 }
 /**
- * The upstream field one caller-supplied `select` name projects to — `authors` → `authorships`
- * on works, `h_index` → `summary_stats` where that object exists; any other name unchanged.
- * Exported so a tool can find the record key a one-field projection lands under.
+ * The upstream field one caller-supplied `select` name projects to — `authors` and
+ * `author_list` → `authorships` on works, `publisher` → `host_organization_name` on sources,
+ * `h_index` → `summary_stats` where that object exists; any other name unchanged.
  */
-export function translateSelectField(entityType, field) {
+function translateSelectField(entityType, field) {
     const aliases = entityType === 'works'
         ? SELECT_ALIASES_WORKS
-        : SUMMARY_STATS_ENTITY_TYPES.has(entityType)
-            ? SELECT_ALIASES_SUMMARY_STATS
-            : undefined;
+        : entityType === 'sources'
+            ? SELECT_ALIASES_SOURCES
+            : SUMMARY_STATS_ENTITY_TYPES.has(entityType)
+                ? SELECT_ALIASES_SUMMARY_STATS
+                : undefined;
     return ownEntry(aliases, field) ?? field;
 }
+/**
+ * The record key one caller-supplied `select` name lands under: `author_list` keeps its own
+ * name; any other name lands under the upstream field it projects (`authors` → `authorships`).
+ * Exported so a tool can find the array a one-field projection returns.
+ */
+export function selectRecordKey(entityType, field) {
+    return entityType === 'works' && field === AUTHOR_LIST_FIELD
+        ? field
+        : translateSelectField(entityType, field);
+}
 /**
  * A table's own entry for `key`, or undefined. The alias and scheme tables are plain object
  * literals, so a bracket read of a caller-supplied `constructor` or `__proto__` returns the
@@ -473,19 +691,26 @@ function resolveSelect(entityType, select) {
     return translateSelect(entityType, select?.length ? select : DEFAULT_SELECT[entityType]);
 }
 /**
- * Match a single bare or URL-form OpenAlex ID. Combined with pipe-splitting in
- * `isOpenAlexFilterValue` to detect OR-joined ID lists.
+ * A bare OpenAlex ID the `openalex` filter accepts as a value, in either case. Combined with
+ * `parseOpenAlexUrl()` for the URL spellings and with pipe-splitting in `isOpenAlexFilterValue`
+ * to detect OR-joined ID lists.
  */
-const OPENALEX_ID_VALUE_PATTERN = /^(?:https:\/\/openalex\.org\/)?[WAISTKPFCG]\d+$/;
+const OPENALEX_ID_VALUE_PATTERN = /^[WAISTKPFCG]\d+$/i;
 /**
- * Detect a value the `id:` filter would carry — a bare or URL-form OpenAlex ID, optionally
- * pipe-joined for OR semantics. When matched, we rewrite `id` → `openalex` (the canonical
- * filter key); the URL form passes through unchanged because upstream accepts both.
- * Stricter than a single regex so a future generic upstream `id:` filter wouldn't be shadowed
- * by our rewrite — only values that look like OpenAlex IDs get redirected.
+ * Detect a value the `id:` filter would carry — OpenAlex IDs, bare or in any URL spelling
+ * `parseOpenAlexUrl()` reads, optionally pipe-joined for OR semantics. When matched, `id` is
+ * rewritten to `openalex` (the canonical filter key) and the value is forwarded as written:
+ * upstream accepts every one of those spellings, and the space around a `|`. Stricter than any
+ * value so a future generic upstream `id:` filter wouldn't be shadowed — only values that read
+ * as OpenAlex IDs get redirected. Exported for the timing suite, which runs it on caller-sized
+ * values.
  */
-function isOpenAlexFilterValue(value) {
-    return value.split('|').every((seg) => OPENALEX_ID_VALUE_PATTERN.test(seg));
+export function isOpenAlexFilterValue(value) {
+    return value.split('|').every((segment) => {
+        const trimmed = segment.trim();
+        const fromUrl = parseOpenAlexUrl(trimmed);
+        return OPENALEX_ID_VALUE_PATTERN.test(fromUrl?.kind === 'native' ? fromUrl.id : trimmed);
+    });
 }
 /**
  * Rewrite one caller-supplied filter key to the upstream OpenAlex name, before the
@@ -522,9 +747,28 @@ function translateFilters(entityType, filters) {
     }
     return out;
 }
+/**
+ * The `filter` parameter a search or group_by over `filters` sends: keys translated, then each
+ * clause built by `buildFilterString()`, whose pre-flight throws (`comma_in_filter_value`,
+ * `invalid_country_code`, `mixed_and_or_in_filter_value`, `quote_in_filter_value`) it shares.
+ * Exported so a tool that spends a request before its search — the citation graph's seed lookup —
+ * can run those checks first and fail without one.
+ */
+export function buildSearchFilter(entityType, filters) {
+    return buildFilterString(translateFilters(entityType, filters));
+}
 const MAX_ATTEMPTS = 3;
 const BASE_BACKOFF_MS = 1000;
 const REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
+/**
+ * How long an identifier lookup and the name search it falls back to may take together, counted
+ * from the start of the lookup. One request's own worst case — three 10 s attempts and up to
+ * ~3.75 s of jittered backoff — is ~34 s, so a lookup that misses inside its retry budget still
+ * leaves the name search one full attempt, and the call settles by 45 s, inside the 60 s an MCP
+ * client waits. A lookup that ran past it (a long upstream `Retry-After`) leaves no time, and
+ * the name search reports a timeout without being sent.
+ */
+const NAME_FALLBACK_DEADLINE_MS = 45_000;
 const KNOWN_AUTOCOMPLETE_TYPES = new Set(ENTITY_TYPES.map((type) => type.replace(/s$/, '')));
 /**
  * `JsonRpcErrorCode` → `{ factory, reason }` for shaping normalized OpenAlex throws.
@@ -750,6 +994,42 @@ function overLongAutocompleteQuery(path, params) {
     const codePoints = [...params.q].length;
     return codePoints > AUTOCOMPLETE_QUERY_MAX_CODE_POINTS ? codePoints : undefined;
 }
+/**
+ * The start of the HTTP 400 `message` OpenAlex sends when a semantic search's query-embedding
+ * call fails for any reason but a timeout — `APIQueryParamsError(f"Failed to embed query: {e}")`
+ * in ourresearch/openalex-elastic-api `core/semantic_search.py` (`embed_query`). The rest is the
+ * embedding client's exception text: an HTTP error from the embedding service (its own 429 among
+ * them, which is not this caller's rate), a connection failure, or a parse error — every one an
+ * upstream fault, and one that names the embedding service's host.
+ */
+const SEMANTIC_EMBED_FAILURE_PREFIX = 'Failed to embed query:';
+/**
+ * The HTTP 400 `message` OpenAlex sends when its embedding service is not configured (same module,
+ * `get_embedding_client`) — an upstream fault worded as a parameter error.
+ */
+const SEMANTIC_NOT_CONFIGURED_MESSAGE = 'Semantic search is not configured';
+/**
+ * Recovery for every `upstream_unavailable` failure of a semantic search — a relabelled embedding
+ * failure, the 503 OpenAlex sends when the embedding timed out, or any other outage — since a
+ * keyword search does not depend on the embedding service and can answer while it is down.
+ */
+export const SEMANTIC_UNAVAILABLE_HINT = 'OpenAlex semantic search is failing upstream. Retry in a minute, or rerun with search_mode "keyword", which does not depend on it.';
+/** Is this request a semantic search? `search.semantic` is the parameter only that mode sends. */
+function isSemanticSearch(params) {
+    return params['search.semantic'] !== undefined;
+}
+/**
+ * Did OpenAlex fail a semantic search's query embedding? Matched on the request mode and on the
+ * whole `message` shape — anchored at its start — so no caller-error 400 (an unsupported semantic
+ * filter, a missing query, two search methods at once) and no keyword-mode 400 ever matches.
+ */
+function isSemanticEmbedFailure(statusCode, rawMessage, params) {
+    return (statusCode === 400 &&
+        isSemanticSearch(params) &&
+        rawMessage !== undefined &&
+        (rawMessage.startsWith(SEMANTIC_EMBED_FAILURE_PREFIX) ||
+            rawMessage === SEMANTIC_NOT_CONFIGURED_MESSAGE));
+}
 /** Reason for a 429 caused by daily-budget exhaustion rather than burst throttling. */
 const BUDGET_EXHAUSTED_REASON = 'upstream_budget_exhausted';
 /**
@@ -760,9 +1040,31 @@ const BUDGET_EXHAUSTED_REASON = 'upstream_budget_exhausted';
  */
 export const BUDGET_EXHAUSTED_KEYLESS_HINT = "This server's daily OpenAlex budget is spent and refills at midnight UTC — retrying before then will not succeed. The server sends no OpenAlex API key, so it runs on the smaller anonymous budget; setting OPENALEX_API_KEY to a free key (https://openalex.org/settings/api) raises it.";
 /**
- * OpenAlex returns 429 for two unrelated conditions: bursting past its per-second ceiling,
- * and spending the daily usage budget. The recoveries are opposites — one clears in seconds,
- * the other not until the midnight-UTC reset — so they need separate reasons.
+ * The `error` field of the HTTP 429 OpenAlex answers a filter its paid plans gate with, observed
+ * live (2026-10-18) for `created_date`, `updated_date`, and their `from_`/`to_` forms on works and
+ * authors lists, a works group_by, and works autocomplete. Its `message` names the refused clause:
+ * `The "from_created_date:2026-10-01" filter is part of daily sync, which comes with the Member+
+ * and Partner plans. See https://help.openalex.org/access/sync/ for details.` It is a plan gate,
+ * not a rate: no wait clears it.
+ */
+const PLAN_UPGRADE_REQUIRED_ERROR = 'Plan upgrade required';
+/** The filter name opening a plan-gated 429's `message`: `The "<filter>:<value>" filter …`. */
+const PLAN_GATED_FILTER_RE = /^The "([\w.]+):/;
+/**
+ * The server's own message for a plan-gated filter, naming the filter when the upstream message
+ * opens with it. The name is read as a field-name run only, so caller text the upstream clause
+ * echoes cannot carry markdown or a line break into the message.
+ */
+export function planGatedFilterMessage(upstreamMessage) {
+    const filter = upstreamMessage === undefined ? undefined : PLAN_GATED_FILTER_RE.exec(upstreamMessage)?.[1];
+    const subject = filter === undefined ? 'A filter in this request' : `The \`${filter}\` filter`;
+    return `${subject} needs a paid OpenAlex plan, which this server's OpenAlex access does not include.`;
+}
+/**
+ * Besides a filter its paid plans gate (classified before this, on its body's `error`), OpenAlex
+ * returns 429 for two unrelated conditions: bursting past its per-second ceiling, and spending
+ * the daily usage budget. The recoveries are opposites — one clears in seconds, the other not
+ * until the midnight-UTC reset — so they need separate reasons.
  *
  * The literal budget-exhaustion body is not published in OpenAlex's docs, so the match is
  * deliberately loose: several independent signals, none of them load-bearing on an exact
@@ -844,11 +1146,7 @@ function appendFieldSuggestions(message, path) {
     const entityType = entityTypeFromPath(path);
     if (!entityType)
         return message;
-    const context = inferContext(message);
-    const catalogEntry = fieldCatalog[entityType];
-    if (!catalogEntry)
-        return message;
-    const pool = catalogEntry[context];
+    const pool = getFieldCatalog()[entityType][inferContext(message)];
     const suggestions = rankFields(rejectedField, pool, 3);
     if (suggestions.length === 0)
         return message;
@@ -902,8 +1200,12 @@ class OpenAlexService {
         this.apiKey = config.apiKey;
         this.mailto = config.mailto;
     }
-    /** Execute an HTTP request against the OpenAlex API with retry on transient failures. */
-    request(path, params, ctx) {
+    /**
+     * Execute an HTTP request against the OpenAlex API with retry on transient failures. With
+     * `deadlineMs`, every attempt and backoff settles within that many milliseconds, after which
+     * the request fails as a `Timeout`.
+     */
+    request(path, params, ctx, deadlineMs) {
         const operation = `OpenAlex ${path}`;
         const url = new URL(`${this.baseUrl}${path}`);
         // OpenAlex usage-based pricing (Feb 2026): the account credential authenticates as
@@ -948,6 +1250,7 @@ class OpenAlexService {
             baseDelayMs: BASE_BACKOFF_MS,
             maxRetries: MAX_ATTEMPTS - 1,
             signal: ctx.signal,
+            ...(deadlineMs !== undefined && { deadlineMs }),
         });
     }
     throwNormalizedRequestError(error, path, params) {
@@ -955,6 +1258,12 @@ class OpenAlexService {
             throw error;
         }
         const statusCode = typeof error.data?.statusCode === 'number' ? error.data.statusCode : undefined;
+        const upstream = parseOpenAlexErrorBody(error.data?.responseBody);
+        const rawMessage = upstream?.message ?? upstream?.error;
+        const upstreamFields = {
+            ...(upstream?.error ? { upstreamError: upstream.error } : {}),
+            ...(upstream?.message ? { upstreamMessage: upstream.message } : {}),
+        };
         // A typed autocomplete `q` past the bound 500s on every attempt, with an HTML body that
         // names nothing — read as ServiceUnavailable it would be retried and reported as an outage.
         // `retryable: false` keeps it out of `withRetry`, and the recovery says to shorten the name.
@@ -962,6 +1271,33 @@ class OpenAlexService {
         if (overLongQuery !== undefined) {
             throw invalidParams(`OpenAlex autocomplete failed on a ${overLongQuery.toLocaleString('en-US')}-character query — ${path} accepts at most ${AUTOCOMPLETE_QUERY_MAX_CODE_POINTS.toLocaleString('en-US')} characters.`, { ...error.data, path, reason: 'query_too_long', retryable: false }, { cause: error });
         }
+        // A semantic search whose query embedding failed upstream comes back as a 400, but the request
+        // was valid and the fault is transient. Thrown as the outage it is, it is retried like one, and
+        // its message is the server's own: the upstream one names the embedding service's host. The
+        // body stays verbatim on `data`, as on every upstream error.
+        if (isSemanticEmbedFailure(statusCode, rawMessage, params)) {
+            throw serviceUnavailable('OpenAlex could not embed the query for semantic search. The failure is upstream; the request itself is valid.', {
+                ...error.data,
+                path,
+                reason: 'upstream_unavailable',
+                recovery: { hint: SEMANTIC_UNAVAILABLE_HINT },
+                ...upstreamFields,
+            }, { cause: error });
+        }
+        // A filter OpenAlex serves only on a paid plan comes back as a 429, which reads as a throttle:
+        // it would be retried and reported with wait-and-retry advice, yet no wait clears a plan gate.
+        // `Forbidden` sits outside `withRetry`'s transient set, so the first request is the only one,
+        // and `retryable: false` tells the caller the same over the 429 status left on `data`. The
+        // message is the server's own; the body stays verbatim on `data`, as on every upstream error.
+        if (statusCode === 429 && upstream?.error === PLAN_UPGRADE_REQUIRED_ERROR) {
+            throw forbidden(planGatedFilterMessage(upstream.message), {
+                ...error.data,
+                path,
+                reason: 'upstream_plan_required',
+                retryable: false,
+                ...upstreamFields,
+            }, { cause: error });
+        }
         // Status-mapped failures classify off the HTTP status. Everything else — the client-side
         // `REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS` abort, DNS/connection failures, and the `parseResponse` throws
         // (empty body, HTML, invalid JSON) — never carries a status, so the error's own code is
@@ -980,8 +1316,6 @@ class OpenAlexService {
             });
         }
         const { factory } = normalized;
-        const upstream = parseOpenAlexErrorBody(error.data?.responseBody);
-        const rawMessage = upstream?.message ?? upstream?.error;
         const reason = resolveThrowReason(code, normalized.reason, rawMessage, params);
         // A truncated body's appended valid-fields list is misleading. For an invalid-field
         // 400, replace it with catalog-backed ranked suggestions; otherwise strip it. The two
@@ -1023,8 +1357,12 @@ class OpenAlexService {
             ...(reason === BUDGET_EXHAUSTED_REASON && !this.apiKey
                 ? { recovery: { hint: BUDGET_EXHAUSTED_KEYLESS_HINT } }
                 : {}),
-            ...(upstream?.error ? { upstreamError: upstream.error } : {}),
-            ...(upstream?.message ? { upstreamMessage: upstream.message } : {}),
+            // A keyword search can answer while semantic search is down, which the contract's generic
+            // outage recovery cannot say; an explicit hint wins over it.
+            ...(reason === 'upstream_unavailable' && isSemanticSearch(params)
+                ? { recovery: { hint: SEMANTIC_UNAVAILABLE_HINT } }
+                : {}),
+            ...upstreamFields,
         };
         throw factory(message, data, { cause: error });
     }
@@ -1063,11 +1401,15 @@ class OpenAlexService {
         // Singleton lookup by ID
         if (params.id) {
             const normalizedId = normalizeId(params.id);
+            assertIdMatchesEntityType(normalizedId, params.entityType);
             const select = resolveSelect(params.entityType, params.select);
-            const data = (await this.request(`/${params.entityType}/${normalizedId}`, select ? { select: select.join(',') } : {}, ctx));
+            if (params.entityType === 'funders' && normalizedId.startsWith('doi:')) {
+                return this.funderByDoi(normalizedId.slice('doi:'.length), select, ctx);
+            }
+            const data = (await this.request(byIdPath(params.entityType, normalizedId, params.id), select ? { select: select.join(',') } : {}, ctx));
             return {
                 meta: { count: 1, per_page: 1, next_cursor: null },
-                results: normalizeEntityRecords([data]),
+                results: normalizeEntityRecords([data], authorListShape(params.entityType, params.select)),
             };
         }
         // Search/filter/list
@@ -1076,7 +1418,7 @@ class OpenAlexService {
             queryParams[getSearchParamKey(params.searchMode)] = params.query;
         }
         if (hasEntries(params.filters)) {
-            queryParams.filter = buildFilterString(translateFilters(params.entityType, params.filters));
+            queryParams.filter = buildSearchFilter(params.entityType, params.filters);
         }
         const sort = normalizeSort(params.sort);
         if (sort) {
@@ -1130,7 +1472,30 @@ class OpenAlexService {
                 ...(populationData !== undefined && { count: populationData.meta.count }),
                 next_cursor: data.meta.next_cursor ?? null,
             },
-            results: normalizeEntityRecords(data.results),
+            results: normalizeEntityRecords(data.results, authorListShape(params.entityType, params.select)),
+        };
+    }
+    /**
+     * Look a funder up by its Crossref Funder Registry DOI. OpenAlex's `/funders/doi:` path
+     * resolves nothing, so this is a one-result list request on the `ids.doi` filter, which OpenAlex
+     * bills like any list request. A value the filter would read as more than one literal DOI fails
+     * as not found without a request (see `funderDoiFilter`).
+     */
+    async funderByDoi(doi, select, ctx) {
+        const missing = () => notFound(`No funder in OpenAlex carries the DOI ${doi}.`, {
+            reason: 'entity_not_found',
+            path: '/funders',
+        });
+        const filter = funderDoiFilter(doi);
+        if (!filter)
+            throw missing();
+        const data = (await this.request('/funders', { filter, per_page: '1', ...(select ? { select: select.join(',') } : {}) }, ctx));
+        const [record] = data.results;
+        if (!record)
+            throw missing();
+        return {
+            meta: { count: 1, per_page: 1, next_cursor: null },
+            results: normalizeEntityRecords([record]),
         };
     }
     /** Group-by aggregation. */
@@ -1140,7 +1505,7 @@ class OpenAlexService {
             ? `${params.groupBy}:include_unknown`
             : params.groupBy;
         if (hasEntries(params.filters)) {
-            queryParams.filter = buildFilterString(translateFilters(params.entityType, params.filters));
+            queryParams.filter = buildSearchFilter(params.entityType, params.filters);
         }
         if (params.perPage !== undefined) {
             queryParams.per_page = String(params.perPage);
@@ -1182,7 +1547,9 @@ class OpenAlexService {
         };
     }
     /**
-     * Resolve an identifier to the single entity it addresses, shaped as an autocomplete match.
+     * Resolve an identifier to the entities it addresses, shaped as autocomplete matches — one
+     * lookup per entity type in `identifier.entityTypes`, run in parallel, with the records found
+     * returned in that order.
      *
      * Autocomplete matches on `display_name` and the external-ID URL, so whether an identifier
      * resolves through it depends on scheme, bare-vs-URL form, and entity type — a bare ORCID or
@@ -1193,26 +1560,90 @@ class OpenAlexService {
      * A miss returns no results rather than throwing. Autocomplete answers an unmatched query with
      * an empty list, and routing identifiers through here is meant to make them behave *more* like
      * the front door, not to hand one class of query a hard failure the rest never sees.
+     *
+     * A lookup that fails for any other reason drops only its own type, named in
+     * `failedEntityTypes`, while another type returned a record. With no record to return, or once
+     * the caller has cancelled, the failure is thrown instead — an empty or partial answer there
+     * would claim records do not exist when the lookup for them never finished.
+     *
+     * `nameSearch` is the autocomplete to run when every lookup finds nothing — for a query that
+     * may be a name rather than an ID (`ResolvedIdentifier.mayBeName`). It runs only on that miss,
+     * so an ID that resolves still costs its one request, and only within what is left of
+     * `NAME_FALLBACK_DEADLINE_MS` from the start of this call (see `nameSearchAfterMiss`).
+     *
+     * `query` is the text `identifier` was read from, as the caller wrote it. The lookups are sent
+     * that spelling, which `search()` normalizes back to `identifier.id`, so a lookup that refuses
+     * the identifier quotes what the caller sent.
      */
-    async resolveIdentifier(identifier, ctx) {
-        try {
-            const { results } = await this.search({ entityType: identifier.entityType, id: identifier.id }, ctx);
-            const record = results[0];
-            return { results: record ? [toAutocompleteRecord(identifier.entityType, record)] : [] };
-        }
-        catch (error) {
-            if (error instanceof McpError && error.code === JsonRpcErrorCode.NotFound) {
+    async resolveIdentifier(identifier, ctx, nameSearch, query = identifier.id) {
+        const startedAt = Date.now();
+        const settled = await Promise.allSettled(identifier.entityTypes.map((entityType) => this.search({ entityType, id: query }, ctx)));
+        const results = [];
+        const failed = [];
+        settled.forEach((outcome, index) => {
+            const entityType = identifier.entityTypes[index];
+            if (outcome.status === 'fulfilled') {
+                const [record] = outcome.value.results;
+                if (record)
+                    results.push(toAutocompleteRecord(entityType, record));
+            }
+            else if (outcome.reason instanceof McpError &&
+                outcome.reason.code === JsonRpcErrorCode.NotFound) {
                 ctx.log.debug('Identifier resolved to no entity', {
                     identifier: identifier.id,
-                    entityType: identifier.entityType,
+                    entityType,
                 });
-                return { results: [] };
             }
-            throw error;
+            else {
+                failed.push({ entityType, error: outcome.reason });
+            }
+        });
+        const [firstFailure] = failed;
+        if (firstFailure && (results.length === 0 || ctx.signal.aborted))
+            throw firstFailure.error;
+        if (results.length === 0 && nameSearch) {
+            return this.nameSearchAfterMiss(nameSearch, NAME_FALLBACK_DEADLINE_MS - (Date.now() - startedAt), ctx);
         }
+        return {
+            results,
+            ...(failed.length > 0 ? { failedEntityTypes: failed.map((f) => f.entityType) } : {}),
+        };
     }
-    /** Autocomplete name resolution. */
-    async autocomplete(params, ctx) {
+    /**
+     * The name search an identifier lookup falls back to after finding nothing, bounded by the
+     * `remainingMs` the lookup left of the call's deadline. It is a best-effort second reading of
+     * the query, so a transient upstream failure — a timeout, the deadline running out, an outage,
+     * a burst throttle — comes back as `nameFallback.failedReason` for the caller to see, beside
+     * the lookup's own true miss. A caller cancellation, a request upstream rejected, a spent
+     * budget, and anything unclassified are thrown: none of them is cured by calling again, and an
+     * answer in their place would hide the error the caller needs to act on.
+     */
+    async nameSearchAfterMiss(params, remainingMs, ctx) {
+        if (remainingMs <= 0) {
+            return { results: [], nameFallback: { failedReason: 'upstream_timeout' } };
+        }
+        try {
+            const { results } = await this.autocomplete(params, ctx, remainingMs);
+            return { results, nameFallback: {} };
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            const reason = error instanceof McpError && defaultIsTransient(error)
+                ? NORMALIZED_THROW_BY_CODE[error.code]?.reason
+                : undefined;
+            if (ctx.signal.aborted || reason === undefined)
+                throw error;
+            ctx.log.notice('Name search after an identifier miss failed upstream', {
+                query: params.query,
+                reason,
+            });
+            return { results: [], nameFallback: { failedReason: reason } };
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Autocomplete name resolution. `deadlineMs` bounds the whole request, retries included (see
+     * `request`).
+     */
+    async autocomplete(params, ctx, deadlineMs) {
         const path = params.entityType ? `/autocomplete/${params.entityType}` : '/autocomplete';
         const queryParams = {
             q: params.query,
@@ -1220,7 +1651,7 @@ class OpenAlexService {
         if (hasEntries(params.filters)) {
             queryParams.filter = buildFilterString(Object.entries(params.filters));
         }
-        const data = (await this.request(path, queryParams, ctx));
+        const data = (await this.request(path, queryParams, ctx, deadlineMs));
         // Cross-entity autocomplete can return types not in our enum (country, license, etc.).
         // Filter to known entity types so callers can use results in other tools directly.
         const results = params.entityType
@@ -1238,6 +1669,15 @@ export function getOpenAlexService() {
         throw new Error('OpenAlexService not initialized — call initOpenAlexService() in setup()');
     return _service;
 }
+/**
+ * The field catalog: OpenAlex's valid-field lists as `scripts/generate-field-catalog.ts` writes
+ * them to `field-catalog.json`, plus the select fields this server derives itself
+ * (`author_list` on works), which no upstream list names and the generator would drop.
+ */
+const FIELD_CATALOG = {
+    ...fieldCatalog,
+    works: { ...fieldCatalog.works, select: [...fieldCatalog.works.select, AUTHOR_LIST_FIELD] },
+};
 /**
  * Return the typed field catalog keyed by entity type → context → field list.
  * Only `filter` and `select` arrays are stored. `group_by` resolves to the `filter` key here;
@@ -1245,6 +1685,6 @@ export function getOpenAlexService() {
  * `*.search` operators, `from_*`/`to_*` range modifiers, and a per-type set from a live sweep).
  */
 export function getFieldCatalog() {
-    return fieldCatalog;
+    return FIELD_CATALOG;
 }
 //# sourceMappingURL=openalex-service.js.map