@cubis/foundry 0.3.10 → 0.3.12

package/Ai Agent Workflow/workflows/agent-environment-setup/platforms/copilot/skills/mongoose-nestjs/references/schema-design.md

@@ -1,559 +0,0 @@
-# Mongoose Schema Design Patterns
-
-> Reference for: Mongoose NestJS
-> Load when: Creating schemas, indexes, virtuals, hooks, discriminators, embedded documents
-
----
-
-## Overview
-
-Effective schema design is critical for MongoDB performance and maintainability. This guide covers NestJS/Mongoose patterns for schema definition, indexing strategies, virtuals, hooks, and advanced patterns like discriminators.
-
----
-
-## Basic Schema Structure
-
-### Standard Schema with Decorators
-
-```typescript
-// src/modules/users/schemas/user.schema.ts
-import { Prop, Schema, SchemaFactory } from "@nestjs/mongoose";
-import { Document, Types } from "mongoose";
-
-export type UserDocument = User & Document;
-
-@Schema({
-  timestamps: true, // Adds createdAt, updatedAt
-  collection: "users", // Explicit collection name
-  toJSON: {
-    virtuals: true, // Include virtuals in JSON
-    transform: (_, ret) => {
-      ret.id = ret._id.toString();
-      delete ret._id;
-      delete ret.__v;
-      delete ret.password;
-      return ret;
-    },
-  },
-})
-export class User {
-  // String with validation
-  @Prop({
-    required: true,
-    unique: true,
-    index: true,
-    trim: true,
-    lowercase: true,
-    minlength: 3,
-    maxlength: 50,
-  })
-  username: string;
-
-  // String with select: false (excluded by default)
-  @Prop({ required: true, select: false })
-  password: string;
-
-  // Enum field
-  @Prop({
-    type: String,
-    enum: ["SUPER_ADMIN", "ADMIN", "STAFF"],
-    default: "STAFF",
-  })
-  role: string;
-
-  // Boolean with default
-  @Prop({ default: true })
-  enabled: boolean;
-
-  // Reference to another collection
-  @Prop({
-    type: Types.ObjectId,
-    ref: "Organization",
-    required: true,
-    index: true,
-  })
-  organizationId: Types.ObjectId;
-
-  // Optional reference
-  @Prop({ type: Types.ObjectId, ref: "Department" })
-  departmentId?: Types.ObjectId;
-
-  // Array of strings
-  @Prop({ type: [String], default: [] })
-  permissions: string[];
-
-  // Nested object (embedded)
-  @Prop({
-    type: {
-      street: String,
-      city: String,
-      country: String,
-    },
-  })
-  address?: {
-    street?: string;
-    city?: string;
-    country?: string;
-  };
-
-  // Date field
-  @Prop()
-  lastLoginAt?: Date;
-
-  // Number with min/max
-  @Prop({ type: Number, min: 0, max: 100, default: 0 })
-  loginAttempts: number;
-}
-
-export const UserSchema = SchemaFactory.createForClass(User);
-```
-
----
-
-## Index Strategies
-
-### Compound Indexes
-
-```typescript
-// After schema creation, add compound indexes
-UserSchema.index({ organizationId: 1, role: 1 });
-UserSchema.index({ organizationId: 1, enabled: 1, createdAt: -1 });
-
-// Text index for search
-UserSchema.index({ username: "text", "profile.name": "text" });
-
-// TTL index for auto-expiration
-UserSchema.index({ expiresAt: 1 }, { expireAfterSeconds: 0 });
-
-// Sparse index (only index documents with the field)
-UserSchema.index({ email: 1 }, { sparse: true, unique: true });
-
-// Partial index (only index matching documents)
-UserSchema.index(
-  { lastLoginAt: 1 },
-  { partialFilterExpression: { enabled: true } },
-);
-```
-
-### Index Best Practices
-
-| Pattern      | Use Case               | Example                   |
-| ------------ | ---------------------- | ------------------------- |
-| Single field | Equality queries       | `{ username: 1 }`         |
-| Compound     | Multi-field queries    | `{ orgId: 1, role: 1 }`   |
-| Text         | Full-text search       | `{ name: 'text' }`        |
-| TTL          | Auto-expiration        | `{ expiresAt: 1 }`        |
-| Sparse       | Optional unique fields | `{ email: 1 }`            |
-| Partial      | Conditional indexing   | Filter by `enabled: true` |
-
----
-
-## Virtuals
-
-### Computed Properties
-
-```typescript
-// Virtual for full name
-UserSchema.virtual("fullName").get(function (this: UserDocument) {
-  return `${this.firstName} ${this.lastName}`;
-});
-
-// Virtual for profile URL
-UserSchema.virtual("profileUrl").get(function (this: UserDocument) {
-  return `/users/${this._id}`;
-});
-
-// Virtual with setter
-UserSchema.virtual("fullName")
-  .get(function (this: UserDocument) {
-    return `${this.firstName} ${this.lastName}`;
-  })
-  .set(function (this: UserDocument, value: string) {
-    const [firstName, ...rest] = value.split(" ");
-    this.firstName = firstName;
-    this.lastName = rest.join(" ");
-  });
-```
-
-### Virtual Populate (Reference without storing)
-
-```typescript
-// In User schema - virtual reference to attendance records
-UserSchema.virtual('attendanceRecords', {
-  ref: 'Attendance',
-  localField: '_id',
-  foreignField: 'userId',
-  options: { sort: { createdAt: -1 }, limit: 10 },
-});
-
-// Usage in repository
-async findWithAttendance(userId: string): Promise<UserDocument> {
-  return this.model
-    .findById(userId)
-    .populate('attendanceRecords')
-    .exec();
-}
-```
-
----
-
-## Schema Hooks (Middleware)
-
-### Pre-Save Hooks
-
-```typescript
-// Hash password before save
-UserSchema.pre("save", async function (next) {
-  if (!this.isModified("password")) return next();
-
-  const bcrypt = await import("bcrypt");
-  this.password = await bcrypt.hash(this.password, 10);
-  next();
-});
-
-// Validate organization exists
-UserSchema.pre("save", async function (next) {
-  if (!this.isModified("organizationId")) return next();
-
-  const Organization = this.model("Organization");
-  const exists = await Organization.exists({ _id: this.organizationId });
-
-  if (!exists) {
-    return next(new Error("Organization not found"));
-  }
-  next();
-});
-```
-
-### Post-Save Hooks
-
-```typescript
-// Log user creation
-UserSchema.post("save", function (doc: UserDocument) {
-  console.log(`User ${doc.username} saved with id ${doc._id}`);
-});
-
-// Emit event after save
-UserSchema.post("save", async function (doc: UserDocument) {
-  const eventBus = doc.$locals.eventBus;
-  if (eventBus) {
-    await eventBus.emit("user.created", { userId: doc._id.toString() });
-  }
-});
-```
-
-### Query Hooks
-
-```typescript
-// Auto-populate organization on find
-UserSchema.pre(/^find/, function (next) {
-  this.populate("organizationId", "name code");
-  next();
-});
-
-// Exclude disabled users by default
-UserSchema.pre(/^find/, function (next) {
-  // Skip if explicitly querying disabled users
-  if (this.getQuery().enabled === false) return next();
-
-  this.where({ enabled: { $ne: false } });
-  next();
-});
-
-// Log slow queries
-UserSchema.post(/^find/, function (docs, next) {
-  if (this.mongooseOptions().explain) return next();
-
-  const duration = Date.now() - this.startTime;
-  if (duration > 100) {
-    console.warn(`Slow query (${duration}ms):`, this.getQuery());
-  }
-  next();
-});
-```
-
----
-
-## Embedded Documents vs References
-
-### When to Embed
-
-```typescript
-// Embed: 1:few relationship, always accessed together
-@Schema()
-export class User {
-  @Prop({
-    type: [
-      {
-        type: { type: String, enum: ["home", "work", "mobile"] },
-        number: String,
-        primary: Boolean,
-      },
-    ],
-    default: [],
-  })
-  phones: {
-    type: string;
-    number: string;
-    primary: boolean;
-  }[];
-
-  @Prop({
-    type: {
-      street: String,
-      city: String,
-      state: String,
-      zip: String,
-      country: String,
-    },
-  })
-  address?: {
-    street?: string;
-    city?: string;
-    state?: string;
-    zip?: string;
-    country?: string;
-  };
-}
-```
-
-### When to Reference
-
-```typescript
-// Reference: 1:many relationship, independent lifecycle
-@Schema()
-export class User {
-  // Reference to organization (many users per org)
-  @Prop({ type: Types.ObjectId, ref: "Organization", required: true })
-  organizationId: Types.ObjectId;
-
-  // Reference to department (optional)
-  @Prop({ type: Types.ObjectId, ref: "Department" })
-  departmentId?: Types.ObjectId;
-}
-
-// Attendance references user (many attendance per user)
-@Schema()
-export class Attendance {
-  @Prop({ type: Types.ObjectId, ref: "User", required: true, index: true })
-  userId: Types.ObjectId;
-}
-```
-
-### Hybrid: Denormalized Reference
-
-```typescript
-// Store both reference and frequently-accessed data
-@Schema()
-export class Attendance {
-  @Prop({ type: Types.ObjectId, ref: "User", required: true, index: true })
-  userId: Types.ObjectId;
-
-  // Denormalized for query performance
-  @Prop({ required: true })
-  userName: string;
-
-  @Prop({ required: true })
-  organizationId: string;
-
-  @Prop()
-  departmentName?: string;
-}
-```
-
----
-
-## Discriminators (Schema Inheritance)
-
-```typescript
-// Base notification schema
-@Schema({ discriminatorKey: "type", timestamps: true })
-export class Notification {
-  @Prop({ required: true })
-  userId: string;
-
-  @Prop({ required: true })
-  title: string;
-
-  @Prop()
-  message?: string;
-
-  @Prop({ default: false })
-  read: boolean;
-}
-
-export const NotificationSchema = SchemaFactory.createForClass(Notification);
-
-// Leave notification (extends Notification)
-@Schema()
-export class LeaveNotification extends Notification {
-  @Prop({ required: true })
-  leaveId: string;
-
-  @Prop({ required: true })
-  leaveType: string;
-
-  @Prop({ required: true })
-  status: string;
-}
-
-export const LeaveNotificationSchema =
-  SchemaFactory.createForClass(LeaveNotification);
-
-// Attendance notification
-@Schema()
-export class AttendanceNotification extends Notification {
-  @Prop({ required: true })
-  attendanceId: string;
-
-  @Prop({ required: true })
-  checkType: "IN" | "OUT";
-}
-
-export const AttendanceNotificationSchema = SchemaFactory.createForClass(
-  AttendanceNotification,
-);
-
-// Module setup with discriminators
-@Module({
-  imports: [
-    MongooseModule.forFeature([
-      {
-        name: Notification.name,
-        schema: NotificationSchema,
-        discriminators: [
-          { name: "LeaveNotification", schema: LeaveNotificationSchema },
-          {
-            name: "AttendanceNotification",
-            schema: AttendanceNotificationSchema,
-          },
-        ],
-      },
-    ]),
-  ],
-})
-export class NotificationsModule {}
-```
-
----
-
-## Multi-Tenant Schema Pattern
-
-```typescript
-// Base schema with organization isolation
-@Schema({ timestamps: true })
-export class BaseEntity {
-  @Prop({ required: true, index: true })
-  organizationId: string;
-}
-
-// All tenant-specific schemas extend BaseEntity
-@Schema({ timestamps: true })
-export class Task extends BaseEntity {
-  @Prop({ required: true })
-  title: string;
-
-  @Prop({ type: Types.ObjectId, ref: "User", required: true })
-  assigneeId: Types.ObjectId;
-}
-
-// Repository with automatic tenant filtering
-@Injectable()
-export class TasksRepository {
-  constructor(
-    @InjectModel(Task.name)
-    private readonly model: Model<TaskDocument>,
-  ) {}
-
-  async findByOrganization(
-    organizationId: string,
-    filter: FilterQuery<TaskDocument> = {},
-  ): Promise<TaskDocument[]> {
-    return this.model.find({ ...filter, organizationId }).exec();
-  }
-
-  async create(
-    organizationId: string,
-    data: Partial<Task>,
-  ): Promise<TaskDocument> {
-    const task = new this.model({ ...data, organizationId });
-    return task.save();
-  }
-}
-```
-
----
-
-## Schema Validation
-
-### Custom Validators
-
-```typescript
-@Schema()
-export class User {
-  @Prop({
-    required: true,
-    validate: {
-      validator: (v: string) => /^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$/.test(v),
-      message: "Username can only contain letters, numbers, and underscores",
-    },
-  })
-  username: string;
-
-  @Prop({
-    validate: {
-      validator: async function (v: string) {
-        if (!v) return true;
-        const User = this.constructor as Model<UserDocument>;
-        const count = await User.countDocuments({
-          email: v,
-          _id: { $ne: this._id },
-        });
-        return count === 0;
-      },
-      message: "Email already exists",
-    },
-  })
-  email?: string;
-}
-```
-
-### Schema-Level Validation
-
-```typescript
-UserSchema.pre("validate", function (next) {
-  if (this.role === "SUPER_ADMIN" && !this.email) {
-    this.invalidate("email", "Super admins must have an email");
-  }
-  next();
-});
-```
-
----
-
-## Best Practices Summary
-
-### DO
-
-- Use `timestamps: true` for audit trails
-- Add indexes for all query patterns
-- Use `select: false` for sensitive fields
-- Implement `toJSON` transform for clean responses
-- Use virtuals for computed properties
-- Validate at schema level
-
-### DON'T
-
-- Over-embed large arrays (>100 items)
-- Create indexes on low-cardinality fields
-- Use `any` type for schema fields
-- Skip validation for user input
-- Forget to handle hook errors
-
----
-
-## Related Steering Files
-
-- `repository-pattern.md` - Data access patterns
-- `transactions.md` - ACID operations
-- `migrations.md` - Schema versioning