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+..
+.TH "CCT" "1" "15 Sep 2026" "9.9" "PROJ"
+.SH NAME
+cct \- Coordinate Conversion and Transformation
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+\fBcct\fP [\fB\-cIostvz\fP [args]] \fI+opt[=arg]\fP ... file ...
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.sp
+or
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+\fBcct\fP [\fB\-cIostvz\fP [args]] {object_definition} file ...
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.sp
+Where {object_definition}\ is one of the possibilities accepted
+by \fI\%proj_create()\fP, provided it expresses a coordinate operation
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.INDENT 0.0
+.IP \(bu 2
+a proj\-string,
+.IP \(bu 2
+a WKT string,
+.IP \(bu 2
+an object code (like \(dqEPSG:1671\(dq \(dqurn:ogc:def:coordinateOperation:EPSG::1671\(dq),
+.IP \(bu 2
+an object name. e.g. \(dqITRF2014 to ETRF2014 (1)\(dq. In that case as
+uniqueness is not guaranteed, heuristics are applied to determine the appropriate best match.
+.IP \(bu 2
+a OGC URN combining references for concatenated operations
+(e.g. \(dq\fI\%urn:ogc:def:coordinateOperation,coordinateOperation:EPSG::3895,coordinateOperation:EPSG::1618\fP\(dq)
+.IP \(bu 2
+a PROJJSON string. The jsonschema is at \X'tty: link https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json'\fI\%https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json\fP\X'tty: link'
+.UNINDENT
+.sp
+Added in version 8.0.0.
+
+.sp
+\fBNOTE:\fP
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+Before version 8.0.0 only proj\-strings could be used to instantiate
+operations in \fI\%cct\fP\&.
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.sp
+or
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+\fBcct\fP [\fB\-cIostvz\fP [args]] {object_reference} file ...
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.sp
+where {object_reference} is a filename preceded by the \(aq@\(aq character.  The
+file referenced by the {object_reference} must contain a valid
+{object_definition}.
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+Added in version 8.0.0.
+
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.sp
+\fI\%cct\fP is a 4D equivalent to the \fI\%proj\fP projection program,
+performs transformation coordinate systems on a set of input points. The
+coordinate system transformation can include translation between projected
+and geographic coordinates as well as the application of datum shifts.
+.sp
+Note however that unlike the \fI\%proj\fP, angular input must be in decimal degrees.
+Any minutes and seconds given will be silently dropped.
+.sp
+The following control parameters can appear in any order:
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-c <x,y,z,t>
+Specify input columns for (up to) 4 input parameters. Defaults to 1,2,3,4.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-d <n>
+Added in version 5.2.0.
+
+.sp
+Specify the number of decimals to round to in the output.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-I
+Do the inverse transformation.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-o <output file name>, \-\-output=<output file name>
+Specify the name of the output file.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-t <time>, \-\-time=<time>
+Specify a fixed observation \fItime\fP to be used for all input data.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-z <height>, \-\-height=<height>
+Specify a fixed observation \fIheight\fP to be used for all input data.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-s <n>, \-\-skip\-lines=<n>
+Added in version 5.1.0.
+
+.sp
+Skip the first \fIn\fP lines of input. This applies to any kind of input, whether
+it comes from \fBSTDIN\fP, a file or interactive user input.
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-v, \-\-verbose
+Write non\-essential, but potentially useful, information to stderr.
+Repeat for additional information (\fB\-vv\fP, \fB\-vvv\fP, etc.)
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.TP
+.B \-\-version
+Print version number.
+.UNINDENT
+.sp
+The \fI+opt\fP arguments are associated with coordinate operation parameters.
+Usage varies with operation.
+.sp
+\fI\%cct\fP is an acronym meaning \fICoordinate Conversion and Transformation\fP\&.
+.sp
+The acronym refers to definitions given in the OGC 08\-015r2/ISO\-19111
+standard \(dqGeographical Information \-\- Spatial Referencing by Coordinates\(dq,
+which defines two different classes of \fIcoordinate operations\fP:
+.sp
+\fICoordinate Conversions\fP, which are coordinate operations where input
+and output datum are identical (e.g. conversion from geographical to
+cartesian coordinates) and
+.sp
+\fICoordinate Transformations\fP, which are coordinate operations where
+input and output datums differ (e.g. change of reference frame).
+.SH USE OF REMOTE GRIDS
+.sp
+Added in version 7.0.0.
+
+.sp
+If the \fI\%PROJ_NETWORK\fP environment variable is set to \fBON\fP,
+\fI\%cct\fP will attempt to use remote grids stored on CDN (Content
+Delivery Network) storage, when they are not available locally.
+.sp
+More details are available in the \fI\%Network capabilities\fP section.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.INDENT 0.0
+.IP 1. 3
+The operator specs describe the action to be performed by \fI\%cct\fP\&. So
+the following script
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+echo 12 55 0 0 | cct +proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.sp
+will transform the input geographic coordinates into UTM zone 32 coordinates.
+Hence, the command
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+echo 12 55 | cct \-z0 \-t0 +proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.sp
+Should give results comparable to the classic \fI\%proj\fP command
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+echo 12 55 | proj +proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.IP 2. 3
+Convert geographical input to UTM zone 32 on the GRS80 ellipsoid:
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+cct +proj=utm +ellps=GRS80 +zone=32
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.IP 3. 3
+Roundtrip accuracy check for the case above:
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+cct +proj=pipeline +ellps=GRS80 +zone=32 +step +proj=utm +step +proj=utm +inv
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.IP 4. 3
+As (2) but specify input columns for longitude, latitude, height and time:
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+cct \-c 5,2,1,4 +proj=utm +ellps=GRS80 +zone=32
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.IP 5. 3
+As (2) but specify fixed height and time, hence needing only 2 cols in
+input:
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+cct \-t 0 \-z 0 +proj=utm +ellps=GRS80 +zone=32
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.IP 6. 3
+Auxiliary data following the coordinate input is forwarded to the output
+stream:
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+$ echo 12 56 100 2018.0 auxiliary data | cct +proj=merc
+1335833.8895   7522963.2411      100.0000     2018.0000 auxiliary data
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.IP 7. 3
+Coordinate operation referenced through its code
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+$ echo 3541657.3778 948984.2343 5201383.5231 2020.5 | cct EPSG:8366
+3541657.9112    948983.7503  5201383.2482     2020.5000
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.IP 8. 3
+Coordinate operation referenced through its name
+.UNINDENT
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+$ echo 3541657.3778 948984.2343 5201383.5231 2020.5 | cct \(dqITRF2014 to ETRF2014 (1)\(dq
+3541657.9112    948983.7503  5201383.2482     2020.5000
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+.SH BACKGROUND
+.sp
+\fI\%cct\fP also refers to Carl Christian Tscherning (1942\-\-2014),
+professor of Geodesy at the University of Copenhagen, mentor and advisor
+for a generation of Danish geodesists, colleague and collaborator for
+two generations of global geodesists, Secretary General for the
+International Association of Geodesy, IAG (1995\-\-2007), fellow of the
+American Geophysical Union (1991), recipient of the IAG Levallois Medal
+(2007), the European Geosciences Union Vening Meinesz Medal (2008), and
+of numerous other honours.
+.sp
+\fIcct\fP, or Christian, as he was known to most of us, was recognized for his
+good mood, his sharp wit, his tireless work, and his great commitment to
+the development of geodesy \-\- both through his scientific contributions,
+comprising more than 250 publications, and by his mentoring and teaching
+of the next generations of geodesists.
+.sp
+As Christian was an avid Fortran programmer, and a keen Unix connoisseur,
+he would have enjoyed to know that his initials would be used to name a
+modest Unix style transformation filter, hinting at the tireless aspect
+of his personality, which was certainly one of the reasons he accomplished
+so much, and meant so much to so many people.
+.sp
+Hence, in honour of \fIcct\fP (the geodesist) this is \fI\%cct\fP (the program).
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.sp
+\fBproj(1)\fP, \fBcs2cs(1)\fP, \fBgeod(1)\fP, \fBgie(1)\fP, \fBprojinfo(1)\fP, \fBprojsync(1)\fP
+.SH BUGS
+.sp
+A list of known bugs can be found at \X'tty: link https://github.com/OSGeo/PROJ/issues'\fI\%https://github.com/OSGeo/PROJ/issues\fP\X'tty: link'
+where new bug reports can be submitted to.
+.SH HOME PAGE
+.sp
+\X'tty: link https://proj.org/'\fI\%https://proj.org/\fP\X'tty: link'
+.SH AUTHOR
+Thomas Knudsen
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+1983-2026, PROJ contributors
+.\" Generated by docutils manpage writer.
+.