@crawlee/basic 4.0.0-beta.7 → 4.0.0-beta.70

package/internals/basic-crawler.js

@@ -1,16 +1,31 @@
 import { writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
 import { dirname } from 'node:path';
-import { AutoscaledPool, Configuration, CriticalError, Dataset, enqueueLinks, EnqueueStrategy, GotScrapingHttpClient, KeyValueStore, mergeCookies, NonRetryableError, purgeDefaultStorages, RequestProvider, RequestQueue, RequestQueueV1, RequestState, RetryRequestError, Router, SessionError, SessionPool, Statistics, validators, } from '@crawlee/core';
-import { RobotsTxtFile, ROTATE_PROXY_ERRORS } from '@crawlee/utils';
+import { AutoscaledPool, bindMethodsToServiceLocator, BLOCKED_STATUS_CODES, ContextPipeline, ContextPipelineCleanupError, ContextPipelineInitializationError, ContextPipelineInterruptedError, CriticalError, Dataset, enqueueLinks, EnqueueStrategy, KeyValueStore, log, LogLevel, mergeCookies, MissingSessionError, NavigationSkippedError, NonRetryableError, purgeDefaultStorages, RequestHandlerError, RequestManagerTandem, RequestQueue, RequestState, RetryRequestError, Router, ServiceLocator, serviceLocator, Session, SessionError, SessionPool, Statistics, validators, } from '@crawlee/core';
+import { FetchHttpClient } from '@crawlee/http-client';
+import { getObjectType, isAsyncIterable, isIterable, RobotsTxtFile, ROTATE_PROXY_ERRORS } from '@crawlee/utils';
 import { stringify } from 'csv-stringify/sync';
 import { ensureDir, writeJSON } from 'fs-extra/esm';
 import ow from 'ow';
 import { getDomain } from 'tldts';
 import { LruCache } from '@apify/datastructures';
-import defaultLog, { LogLevel } from '@apify/log';
-import { addTimeoutToPromise, TimeoutError, tryCancel } from '@apify/timeout';
+import { addTimeoutToPromise, TimeoutError } from '@apify/timeout';
 import { cryptoRandomObjectId } from '@apify/utilities';
 import { createSendRequest } from './send-request.js';
+class LazyDefaultHttpClient {
+    _delegatePromise;
+    constructor(options) {
+        this._delegatePromise = import('@crawlee/impit-client')
+            .then(({ ImpitHttpClient }) => new ImpitHttpClient(options))
+            .catch(() => {
+            (options?.logger ?? log).warning('Optional dependency @crawlee/impit-client is not installed. ' +
+                'Falling back to native fetch — proxy support and browser fingerprinting are unavailable.');
+            return new FetchHttpClient(options);
+        });
+    }
+    async sendRequest(...args) {
+        return (await this._delegatePromise).sendRequest(...args);
+    }
+}
 /**
  * Since there's no set number of seconds before the container is terminated after
  * a migration event, we need some reasonable number to use for RequestList persistence.
@@ -21,6 +36,7 @@ import { createSendRequest } from './send-request.js';
  * @ignore
  */
 const SAFE_MIGRATION_WAIT_MILLIS = 20000;
+const deferredCleanupKey = Symbol('deferredCleanup');
 /**
  * Provides a simple framework for parallel crawling of web pages.
  * The URLs to crawl are fed either from a static list of URLs
@@ -33,15 +49,22 @@ const SAFE_MIGRATION_WAIT_MILLIS = 20000;
  *
  * `BasicCrawler` invokes the user-provided {@link BasicCrawlerOptions.requestHandler|`requestHandler`}
  * for each {@link Request} object, which represents a single URL to crawl.
- * The {@link Request} objects are fed from the {@link RequestList} or {@link RequestQueue}
- * instances provided by the {@link BasicCrawlerOptions.requestList|`requestList`} or {@link BasicCrawlerOptions.requestQueue|`requestQueue`}
- * constructor options, respectively. If neither `requestList` nor `requestQueue` options are provided,
- * the crawler will open the default request queue either when the {@link BasicCrawler.addRequests|`crawler.addRequests()`} function is called,
- * or if `requests` parameter (representing the initial requests) of the {@link BasicCrawler.run|`crawler.run()`} function is provided.
+ * The {@link Request} objects are fed from the {@link IRequestManager|request manager} provided via the
+ * {@link BasicCrawlerOptions.requestManager|`requestManager`} constructor option (a {@link RequestQueue} is
+ * itself a request manager). If no `requestManager` is provided, the crawler opens the default {@link RequestQueue}
+ * either when the {@link BasicCrawler.addRequests|`crawler.addRequests()`} function is called, or if the `requests`
+ * parameter (representing the initial requests) of the {@link BasicCrawler.run|`crawler.run()`} function is provided.
  *
- * If both {@link BasicCrawlerOptions.requestList|`requestList`} and {@link BasicCrawlerOptions.requestQueue|`requestQueue`} options are used,
- * the instance first processes URLs from the {@link RequestList} and automatically enqueues all of them
- * to the {@link RequestQueue} before it starts their processing. This ensures that a single URL is not crawled multiple times.
+ * To read requests from a read-only source such as a {@link RequestList} or {@link SitemapRequestLoader} while
+ * still being able to enqueue new ones, combine the loader with a queue into a {@link RequestManagerTandem} using
+ * {@link IRequestLoader.toTandem|`requestLoader.toTandem()`} and pass the result as `requestManager`. The tandem
+ * first processes URLs from the loader and automatically enqueues them into the queue, ensuring a single URL is not
+ * crawled multiple times.
+ *
+ * > The legacy {@link BasicCrawlerOptions.requestList|`requestList`} and
+ * > {@link BasicCrawlerOptions.requestQueue|`requestQueue`} options are deprecated. They are still accepted and
+ * > folded into a single `requestManager` (combined into a tandem when both are given), but new code should use
+ * > `requestManager` directly.
  *
  * The crawler finishes if there are no more {@link Request} objects to crawl.
  *
@@ -86,28 +109,52 @@ const SAFE_MIGRATION_WAIT_MILLIS = 20000;
  * @category Crawlers
  */
 export class BasicCrawler {
-    config;
     static CRAWLEE_STATE_KEY = 'CRAWLEE_STATE';
+    /**
+     * Tracks crawler instances that accessed shared state without having an explicit id.
+     * Used to detect and warn about multiple crawlers sharing the same state.
+     */
+    static useStateCrawlerIds = new Set();
+    /**
+     * Tracks the number of crawler instances created. The first crawler uses the default
+     * request queue; subsequent ones get their own queue via a unique alias so they don't
+     * collide.
+     */
+    static instanceCount = 0;
     /**
      * A reference to the underlying {@link Statistics} class that collects and logs run statistics for requests.
      */
     stats;
     /**
-     * A reference to the underlying {@link RequestList} class that manages the crawler's {@link Request|requests}.
-     * Only available if used by the crawler.
+     * The main request-handling component of the crawler. It manages the requests that the crawler processes,
+     * combining any provided request loader and/or queue. It's initialized during the crawler startup or lazily
+     * via {@link BasicCrawler.getRequestManager|`getRequestManager()`}.
      */
-    requestList;
+    requestManager;
     /**
-     * Dynamic queue of URLs to be processed. This is useful for recursive crawling of websites.
-     * A reference to the underlying {@link RequestQueue} class that manages the crawler's {@link Request|requests}.
-     * Only available if used by the crawler.
+     * A reference to the underlying session pool that manages the crawler's {@link Session|sessions}. Typed as
+     * {@link ISessionPool} so custom implementations can be plugged in via the `sessionPool` constructor option.
      */
-    requestQueue;
+    sessionPool;
     /**
-     * A reference to the underlying {@link SessionPool} class that manages the crawler's {@link Session|sessions}.
-     * Only available if used by the crawler.
+     * Set when the crawler constructed its own {@link SessionPool} (no `sessionPool` option was provided).
+     * Holds the same instance as `sessionPool`, but typed as the concrete class so the crawler can call
+     * lifecycle methods (`resetStore`, `teardown`) that aren't part of {@link ISessionPool}. A user-supplied
+     * pool is never owned and never torn down by the crawler.
      */
-    sessionPool;
+    ownedSessionPool;
+    /**
+     * Set when the crawler constructed its own request manager (no `requestManager`, `requestQueue`, or `requestList`
+     * option was provided). The owned manager is purged (not dropped) between repeated `run()` calls.
+     * A user-supplied manager is never purged by the crawler.
+     */
+    ownedRequestManager;
+    /**
+     * Whether the request-processing-time hint has already been forwarded to the request manager. The hint
+     * derives only from `requestHandlerTimeoutMillis` (constant for the crawler's lifetime) and is raise-only,
+     * so it only needs to be applied once, at the first async access of the manager.
+     */
+    requestManagerTimeoutsApplied = false;
     /**
      * A reference to the underlying {@link AutoscaledPool} class that manages the concurrency of the crawler.
      * > *NOTE:* This property is only initialized after calling the {@link BasicCrawler.run|`crawler.run()`} function.
@@ -116,40 +163,76 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
      * or to abort it by calling {@link AutoscaledPool.abort|`autoscaledPool.abort()`}.
      */
     autoscaledPool;
+    /**
+     * A reference to the underlying {@link ProxyConfiguration} class that manages the crawler's proxies.
+     * Only available if used by the crawler.
+     */
+    proxyConfiguration;
     /**
      * Default {@link Router} instance that will be used if we don't specify any {@link BasicCrawlerOptions.requestHandler|`requestHandler`}.
      * See {@link Router.addHandler|`router.addHandler()`} and {@link Router.addDefaultHandler|`router.addDefaultHandler()`}.
      */
     router = Router.create();
+    _basicContextPipeline;
+    /**
+     * The basic part of the context pipeline. Unlike the subclass pipeline, this
+     * part has no major side effects (e.g. launching a browser). It also makes typing more explicit, as subclass
+     * pipelines expect the basic crawler fields to already be present in the context at runtime.
+     *
+     * Context built with this pipeline can be passed into multiple crawler pipelines at once.
+     * This is used e.g. in the {@link AdaptivePlaywrightCrawler|`AdaptivePlaywrightCrawler`}.
+     */
+    get basicContextPipeline() {
+        if (this._basicContextPipeline === undefined) {
+            this._basicContextPipeline = this.buildBasicContextPipeline();
+        }
+        return this._basicContextPipeline;
+    }
+    _contextPipeline;
+    get contextPipeline() {
+        if (this._contextPipeline === undefined) {
+            this._contextPipeline = this.buildFinalContextPipeline();
+        }
+        return this._contextPipeline;
+    }
     running = false;
     hasFinishedBefore = false;
-    log;
+    unexpectedStop = false;
+    #log;
+    get log() {
+        return this.#log;
+    }
     requestHandler;
     errorHandler;
     failedRequestHandler;
     requestHandlerTimeoutMillis;
     internalTimeoutMillis;
     maxRequestRetries;
+    maxCrawlDepth;
     sameDomainDelayMillis;
     domainAccessedTime;
-    maxSessionRotations;
-    handledRequestsCount;
+    maxRequestsPerCrawl;
+    handledRequestsCount = 0;
     statusMessageLoggingInterval;
     statusMessageCallback;
-    sessionPoolOptions;
-    useSessionPool;
-    crawlingContexts = new Map();
+    blockedStatusCodes = new Set();
+    additionalHttpErrorStatusCodes;
+    ignoreHttpErrorStatusCodes;
     autoscaledPoolOptions;
-    events;
     httpClient;
     retryOnBlocked;
     respectRobotsTxtFile;
     onSkippedRequest;
     _closeEvents;
-    experiments;
+    loggedPerRun = new Set();
     robotsTxtFileCache;
-    _experimentWarnings = {};
+    crawlerId;
+    hasExplicitId;
+    crawlerInstanceIndex;
+    contextPipelineOptions;
     static optionsShape = {
+        contextPipelineBuilder: ow.optional.object,
+        extendContext: ow.optional.function,
         requestList: ow.optional.object.validate(validators.requestList),
         requestQueue: ow.optional.object.validate(validators.requestQueue),
         // Subclasses override this function instead of passing it
@@ -161,145 +244,360 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
         failedRequestHandler: ow.optional.function,
         maxRequestRetries: ow.optional.number,
         sameDomainDelaySecs: ow.optional.number,
-        maxSessionRotations: ow.optional.number,
         maxRequestsPerCrawl: ow.optional.number,
+        maxCrawlDepth: ow.optional.number,
         autoscaledPoolOptions: ow.optional.object,
-        sessionPoolOptions: ow.optional.object,
-        useSessionPool: ow.optional.boolean,
+        sessionPool: ow.optional.object.validate(validators.sessionPool),
+        proxyConfiguration: ow.optional.object.validate(validators.proxyConfiguration),
         statusMessageLoggingInterval: ow.optional.number,
         statusMessageCallback: ow.optional.function,
+        additionalHttpErrorStatusCodes: ow.optional.array.ofType(ow.number),
+        ignoreHttpErrorStatusCodes: ow.optional.array.ofType(ow.number),
+        blockedStatusCodes: ow.optional.array.ofType(ow.number),
         retryOnBlocked: ow.optional.boolean,
-        respectRobotsTxtFile: ow.optional.boolean,
+        respectRobotsTxtFile: ow.optional.any(ow.boolean, ow.object),
         onSkippedRequest: ow.optional.function,
         httpClient: ow.optional.object,
+        configuration: ow.optional.object,
+        storageBackend: ow.optional.object,
+        eventManager: ow.optional.object,
+        logger: ow.optional.object,
         // AutoscaledPool shorthands
         minConcurrency: ow.optional.number,
         maxConcurrency: ow.optional.number,
         maxRequestsPerMinute: ow.optional.number.integerOrInfinite.positive.greaterThanOrEqual(1),
         keepAlive: ow.optional.boolean,
-        // internal
-        log: ow.optional.object,
-        experiments: ow.optional.object,
         statisticsOptions: ow.optional.object,
+        id: ow.optional.string,
     };
     /**
      * All `BasicCrawler` parameters are passed via an options object.
      */
-    constructor(options = {}, config = Configuration.getGlobalConfig()) {
-        this.config = config;
+    constructor(options = {}) {
         ow(options, 'BasicCrawlerOptions', ow.object.exactShape(BasicCrawler.optionsShape));
-        const { requestList, requestQueue, maxRequestRetries = 3, sameDomainDelaySecs = 0, maxSessionRotations = 10, maxRequestsPerCrawl, autoscaledPoolOptions = {}, keepAlive, sessionPoolOptions = {}, useSessionPool = true, 
+        const { 
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-deprecated -- still accepted and folded into `requestManager` for back-compat
+        requestList, 
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-deprecated -- still accepted and folded into `requestManager` for back-compat
+        requestQueue, requestManager, maxRequestRetries = 3, sameDomainDelaySecs = 0, maxRequestsPerCrawl, maxCrawlDepth, autoscaledPoolOptions = {}, keepAlive, sessionPool, proxyConfiguration, additionalHttpErrorStatusCodes = [], ignoreHttpErrorStatusCodes = [], 
+        // Service locator options
+        configuration, storageBackend, eventManager, logger, 
         // AutoscaledPool shorthands
-        minConcurrency, maxConcurrency, maxRequestsPerMinute, retryOnBlocked = false, respectRobotsTxtFile = false, onSkippedRequest, requestHandler, requestHandlerTimeoutSecs, errorHandler, failedRequestHandler, statusMessageLoggingInterval = 10, statusMessageCallback, statisticsOptions, httpClient, 
-        // internal
-        log = defaultLog.child({ prefix: this.constructor.name }), experiments = {}, } = options;
-        this.requestList = requestList;
-        this.requestQueue = requestQueue;
-        this.httpClient = httpClient ?? new GotScrapingHttpClient();
-        this.log = log;
-        this.statusMessageLoggingInterval = statusMessageLoggingInterval;
-        this.statusMessageCallback = statusMessageCallback;
-        this.events = config.getEventManager();
-        this.domainAccessedTime = new Map();
-        this.experiments = experiments;
-        this.robotsTxtFileCache = new LruCache({ maxLength: 1000 });
-        this.requestHandler = requestHandler ?? this.router;
-        this.failedRequestHandler = failedRequestHandler;
-        this.errorHandler = errorHandler;
-        if (requestHandlerTimeoutSecs) {
-            this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis = requestHandlerTimeoutSecs * 1000;
+        minConcurrency, maxConcurrency, maxRequestsPerMinute, blockedStatusCodes: blockedStatusCodesInput, retryOnBlocked = false, respectRobotsTxtFile = false, onSkippedRequest, requestHandler, requestHandlerTimeoutSecs, errorHandler, failedRequestHandler, statusMessageLoggingInterval = 10, statusMessageCallback, statisticsOptions, httpClient, id, } = options;
+        // Create per-crawler service locator if custom services were provided.
+        // This wraps every method on the crawler instance so that calls to the global `serviceLocator`
+        // (via AsyncLocalStorage) resolve to this scoped instance instead.
+        // We also enter the scope for the rest of the constructor body, so that any code below
+        // that accesses `serviceLocator` will see the correct (scoped) instance.
+        let serviceLocatorScope = { enterScope: () => { }, exitScope: () => { } };
+        if (storageBackend ||
+            eventManager ||
+            logger ||
+            (configuration !== undefined && configuration !== serviceLocator.getConfiguration())) {
+            const scopedServiceLocator = new ServiceLocator(configuration, eventManager, storageBackend, logger);
+            serviceLocatorScope = bindMethodsToServiceLocator(scopedServiceLocator, this);
         }
-        else {
-            this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis = 60_000;
-        }
-        this.retryOnBlocked = retryOnBlocked;
-        this.respectRobotsTxtFile = respectRobotsTxtFile;
-        this.onSkippedRequest = onSkippedRequest;
-        const tryEnv = (val) => (val == null ? null : +val);
-        // allow at least 5min for internal timeouts
-        this.internalTimeoutMillis =
-            tryEnv(process.env.CRAWLEE_INTERNAL_TIMEOUT) ?? Math.max(this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis * 2, 300e3);
-        // override the default internal timeout of request queue to respect `requestHandlerTimeoutMillis`
-        if (this.requestQueue) {
-            this.requestQueue.internalTimeoutMillis = this.internalTimeoutMillis;
-            // for request queue v2, we want to lock requests for slightly longer than the request handler timeout so that there is some padding for locking-related overhead,
-            // but never for less than a minute
-            this.requestQueue.requestLockSecs = Math.max(this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis / 1000 + 5, 60);
-        }
-        this.maxRequestRetries = maxRequestRetries;
-        this.sameDomainDelayMillis = sameDomainDelaySecs * 1000;
-        this.maxSessionRotations = maxSessionRotations;
-        this.handledRequestsCount = 0;
-        this.stats = new Statistics({
-            logMessage: `${log.getOptions().prefix} request statistics:`,
-            log,
-            config,
-            ...statisticsOptions,
-        });
-        this.sessionPoolOptions = {
-            ...sessionPoolOptions,
-            log,
-        };
-        if (this.retryOnBlocked) {
-            this.sessionPoolOptions.blockedStatusCodes = sessionPoolOptions.blockedStatusCodes ?? [];
-            if (this.sessionPoolOptions.blockedStatusCodes.length !== 0) {
-                log.warning(`Both 'blockedStatusCodes' and 'retryOnBlocked' are set. Please note that the 'retryOnBlocked' feature might not work as expected.`);
+        try {
+            serviceLocatorScope.enterScope();
+            this.contextPipelineOptions = {
+                contextPipelineBuilder: options.contextPipelineBuilder,
+                extendContext: options.extendContext,
+            };
+            this.#log = serviceLocator.getLogger().child({ prefix: this.constructor.name });
+            // Store whether the user explicitly provided an ID
+            this.hasExplicitId = id !== undefined;
+            // Store the user-provided ID, or generate a unique one for tracking purposes (not for state key)
+            this.crawlerId = id ?? cryptoRandomObjectId();
+            this.crawlerInstanceIndex = BasicCrawler.instanceCount++;
+            if (requestManager !== undefined) {
+                if (requestList !== undefined || requestQueue !== undefined) {
+                    throw new Error('The `requestManager` option cannot be used in conjunction with `requestList` and/or `requestQueue`');
+                }
+                this.requestManager = requestManager;
             }
-        }
-        this.useSessionPool = useSessionPool;
-        this.crawlingContexts = new Map();
-        const maxSignedInteger = 2 ** 31 - 1;
-        if (this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis > maxSignedInteger) {
-            log.warning(`requestHandlerTimeoutMillis ${this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis}` +
-                ` does not fit a signed 32-bit integer. Limiting the value to ${maxSignedInteger}`);
-            this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis = maxSignedInteger;
-        }
-        this.internalTimeoutMillis = Math.min(this.internalTimeoutMillis, maxSignedInteger);
-        let shouldLogMaxPagesExceeded = true;
-        const isMaxPagesExceeded = () => maxRequestsPerCrawl && maxRequestsPerCrawl <= this.handledRequestsCount;
-        // eslint-disable-next-line prefer-const
-        let { isFinishedFunction, isTaskReadyFunction } = autoscaledPoolOptions;
-        // override even if `isFinishedFunction` provided by user - `keepAlive` has higher priority
-        if (keepAlive) {
-            isFinishedFunction = async () => false;
-        }
-        const basicCrawlerAutoscaledPoolConfiguration = {
-            minConcurrency: minConcurrency ?? autoscaledPoolOptions?.minConcurrency,
-            maxConcurrency: maxConcurrency ?? autoscaledPoolOptions?.maxConcurrency,
-            maxTasksPerMinute: maxRequestsPerMinute ?? autoscaledPoolOptions?.maxTasksPerMinute,
-            runTaskFunction: this._runTaskFunction.bind(this),
-            isTaskReadyFunction: async () => {
-                if (isMaxPagesExceeded()) {
-                    if (shouldLogMaxPagesExceeded) {
-                        log.info('Crawler reached the maxRequestsPerCrawl limit of ' +
-                            `${maxRequestsPerCrawl} requests and will shut down soon. Requests that are in progress will be allowed to finish.`);
-                        shouldLogMaxPagesExceeded = false;
+            else if (requestList !== undefined && requestQueue !== undefined) {
+                // Combine the read-only list with the writable queue into a tandem.
+                this.requestManager = new RequestManagerTandem(requestList, requestQueue);
+            }
+            else if (requestQueue !== undefined) {
+                // A RequestQueue is itself a request manager.
+                this.requestManager = requestQueue;
+            }
+            else if (requestList !== undefined) {
+                // A lone read-only `requestList` (deprecated option) is combined with a lazily-opened default queue
+                // into a tandem, so that its requests are read first and new ones can still be enqueued during the
+                // crawl. The queue is opened on first use; the tandem also forwards `persistState()` to the loader.
+                this.requestManager = new RequestManagerTandem(requestList, () => this.openOwnedRequestQueue());
+            }
+            this.httpClient = httpClient ?? new LazyDefaultHttpClient({ logger: this.log });
+            this.proxyConfiguration = proxyConfiguration;
+            this.statusMessageLoggingInterval = statusMessageLoggingInterval;
+            this.statusMessageCallback = statusMessageCallback;
+            this.domainAccessedTime = new Map();
+            this.robotsTxtFileCache = new LruCache({ maxLength: 1000 });
+            this.handleSkippedRequest = this.handleSkippedRequest.bind(this);
+            this.additionalHttpErrorStatusCodes = new Set([...additionalHttpErrorStatusCodes]);
+            this.ignoreHttpErrorStatusCodes = new Set([...ignoreHttpErrorStatusCodes]);
+            this.requestHandler = requestHandler ?? this.router;
+            this.failedRequestHandler = failedRequestHandler;
+            this.errorHandler = errorHandler;
+            if (requestHandlerTimeoutSecs) {
+                this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis = requestHandlerTimeoutSecs * 1000;
+            }
+            else {
+                this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis = 60_000;
+            }
+            this.retryOnBlocked = retryOnBlocked;
+            this.respectRobotsTxtFile = respectRobotsTxtFile;
+            this.onSkippedRequest = onSkippedRequest;
+            const tryEnv = (val) => (val == null ? null : +val);
+            // allow at least 5min for internal timeouts
+            this.internalTimeoutMillis =
+                tryEnv(process.env.CRAWLEE_INTERNAL_TIMEOUT) ?? Math.max(this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis * 2, 300e3);
+            this.maxRequestRetries = maxRequestRetries;
+            this.maxCrawlDepth = maxCrawlDepth;
+            this.sameDomainDelayMillis = sameDomainDelaySecs * 1000;
+            this.stats = new Statistics({
+                logMessage: `${this.constructor.name} request statistics:`,
+                log: this.log,
+                ...(this.hasExplicitId ? { id: this.crawlerId } : {}),
+                ...statisticsOptions,
+            });
+            if (sessionPool && proxyConfiguration) {
+                this.log.warning('Both `sessionPool` and `proxyConfiguration` were provided to the crawler. ' +
+                    'The `proxyConfiguration` is ignored - sessions from the supplied pool keep whatever ' +
+                    '`proxyInfo` they were created with. Configure proxies on the pool instead, ' +
+                    'e.g. via `addSession({ proxyInfo })` or a custom `createSessionFunction`.');
+            }
+            if (sessionPool) {
+                this.sessionPool = sessionPool;
+            }
+            else {
+                this.ownedSessionPool = new SessionPool({
+                    createSessionFunction: async (opts) => new Session({
+                        ...opts?.sessionOptions,
+                        proxyInfo: opts?.sessionOptions?.proxyInfo ?? (await this.proxyConfiguration?.newProxyInfo()),
+                    }),
+                });
+                this.sessionPool = this.ownedSessionPool;
+            }
+            this.blockedStatusCodes = new Set(blockedStatusCodesInput ?? BLOCKED_STATUS_CODES);
+            const maxSignedInteger = 2 ** 31 - 1;
+            if (this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis > maxSignedInteger) {
+                this.log.warning(`requestHandlerTimeoutMillis ${this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis}` +
+                    ` does not fit a signed 32-bit integer. Limiting the value to ${maxSignedInteger}`);
+                this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis = maxSignedInteger;
+            }
+            this.internalTimeoutMillis = Math.min(this.internalTimeoutMillis, maxSignedInteger);
+            this.maxRequestsPerCrawl = maxRequestsPerCrawl;
+            const isMaxPagesExceeded = () => this.maxRequestsPerCrawl && this.maxRequestsPerCrawl <= this.handledRequestsCount;
+            // eslint-disable-next-line prefer-const
+            let { isFinishedFunction, isTaskReadyFunction } = autoscaledPoolOptions;
+            // override even if `isFinishedFunction` provided by user - `keepAlive` has higher priority
+            if (keepAlive) {
+                isFinishedFunction = async () => false;
+            }
+            const basicCrawlerAutoscaledPoolConfiguration = {
+                minConcurrency: minConcurrency ?? autoscaledPoolOptions?.minConcurrency,
+                maxConcurrency: maxConcurrency ?? autoscaledPoolOptions?.maxConcurrency,
+                maxTasksPerMinute: maxRequestsPerMinute ?? autoscaledPoolOptions?.maxTasksPerMinute,
+                runTaskFunction: async () => {
+                    const source = this.requestManager;
+                    if (!source)
+                        throw new Error('Request provider is not initialized!');
+                    const request = await this.resolveRequest();
+                    if (!request || this.delayRequest(request, source)) {
+                        return;
                     }
-                    return false;
-                }
-                return isTaskReadyFunction ? await isTaskReadyFunction() : await this._isTaskReadyFunction();
+                    const crawlingContext = { request };
+                    try {
+                        await this.basicContextPipeline
+                            .chain(this.contextPipeline)
+                            .call(crawlingContext, (ctx) => this.handleRequest(ctx, source, request));
+                    }
+                    catch (error) {
+                        // ContextPipelineInterruptedError means the request was intentionally skipped
+                        // (e.g., doesn't match enqueue strategy after redirect). Just return gracefully.
+                        if (error instanceof ContextPipelineInterruptedError) {
+                            await this._timeoutAndRetry(async () => this.requestManager?.markRequestAsHandled(request), this.internalTimeoutMillis, `Marking request ${crawlingContext.request.url} (${crawlingContext.request.id}) as handled timed out after ${this.internalTimeoutMillis / 1e3} seconds.`);
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        // If the error happened during pipeline initialization (e.g., navigation timeout, session/proxy error,
+                        // i.e. not in user's requestHandler), handle it through the normal error flow.
+                        const isPipelineError = error instanceof ContextPipelineInitializationError || error instanceof SessionError;
+                        if (isPipelineError) {
+                            const unwrappedError = this.unwrapError(error);
+                            await this._requestFunctionErrorHandler(unwrappedError, crawlingContext, request, this.requestManager);
+                            // SessionError already retired the session in `_requestFunctionErrorHandler`;
+                            // skip `markBad` to avoid double-counting usage/error score.
+                            if (!(unwrappedError instanceof SessionError)) {
+                                crawlingContext.session?.markBad();
+                            }
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        throw this.unwrapError(error);
+                    }
+                },
+                isTaskReadyFunction: async () => {
+                    if (isMaxPagesExceeded()) {
+                        this.logOncePerRun('shuttingDown', 'Crawler reached the maxRequestsPerCrawl limit of ' +
+                            `${this.maxRequestsPerCrawl} requests and will shut down soon. Requests that are in progress will be allowed to finish.`);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (this.unexpectedStop) {
+                        this.logOncePerRun('shuttingDown', 'No new requests are allowed because the `stop()` method has been called. ' +
+                            'Ongoing requests will be allowed to complete.');
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    return isTaskReadyFunction ? await isTaskReadyFunction() : await this._isTaskReadyFunction();
+                },
+                isFinishedFunction: async () => {
+                    if (isMaxPagesExceeded()) {
+                        this.log.info(`Earlier, the crawler reached the maxRequestsPerCrawl limit of ${this.maxRequestsPerCrawl} requests ` +
+                            'and all requests that were in progress at that time have now finished. ' +
+                            `In total, the crawler processed ${this.handledRequestsCount} requests and will shut down.`);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    if (this.unexpectedStop) {
+                        this.log.info('The crawler has finished all the remaining ongoing requests and will shut down now.');
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    const isFinished = isFinishedFunction
+                        ? await isFinishedFunction()
+                        : await this._defaultIsFinishedFunction();
+                    if (isFinished) {
+                        const reason = isFinishedFunction
+                            ? "Crawler's custom isFinishedFunction() returned true, the crawler will shut down."
+                            : 'All requests from the queue have been processed, the crawler will shut down.';
+                        this.log.info(reason);
+                    }
+                    return isFinished;
+                },
+                log: this.log,
+            };
+            this.autoscaledPoolOptions = { ...autoscaledPoolOptions, ...basicCrawlerAutoscaledPoolConfiguration };
+        }
+        finally {
+            serviceLocatorScope.exitScope();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Determines if the given HTTP status code is an error status code given
+     * the default behaviour and user-set preferences.
+     * @param status
+     * @returns `true` if the status code is considered an error, `false` otherwise
+     */
+    isErrorStatusCode(status) {
+        const excludeError = this.ignoreHttpErrorStatusCodes.has(status);
+        const includeError = this.additionalHttpErrorStatusCodes.has(status);
+        return (status >= 500 && !excludeError) || includeError;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Builds the basic context pipeline that transforms `{ request }` into a full `CrawlingContext`.
+     * This handles base context creation, session resolution, and context helpers.
+     */
+    buildBasicContextPipeline() {
+        return ContextPipeline.create()
+            .compose({ action: this.checkRobotsTxt.bind(this) })
+            .compose({
+            action: () => this.createBaseContext(),
+            cleanup: async (context) => {
+                await Promise.all(context[deferredCleanupKey].map((fn) => fn()));
             },
-            isFinishedFunction: async () => {
-                if (isMaxPagesExceeded()) {
-                    log.info(`Earlier, the crawler reached the maxRequestsPerCrawl limit of ${maxRequestsPerCrawl} requests ` +
-                        'and all requests that were in progress at that time have now finished. ' +
-                        `In total, the crawler processed ${this.handledRequestsCount} requests and will shut down.`);
-                    return true;
-                }
-                const isFinished = isFinishedFunction
-                    ? await isFinishedFunction()
-                    : await this._defaultIsFinishedFunction();
-                if (isFinished) {
-                    const reason = isFinishedFunction
-                        ? "Crawler's custom isFinishedFunction() returned true, the crawler will shut down."
-                        : 'All requests from the queue have been processed, the crawler will shut down.';
-                    log.info(reason);
-                }
-                return isFinished;
+        })
+            .compose({ action: this.resolveSession.bind(this) })
+            .compose({ action: this.createContextHelpers.bind(this) });
+    }
+    async checkRobotsTxt({ request }) {
+        if (!(await this.isAllowedBasedOnRobotsTxtFile(request.url))) {
+            this.log.warning(`Skipping request ${request.url} (${request.id}) because it is disallowed based on robots.txt`);
+            request.state = RequestState.SKIPPED;
+            request.noRetry = true;
+            await this.handleSkippedRequest({
+                url: request.url,
+                reason: 'robotsTxt',
+            });
+            throw new ContextPipelineInterruptedError(`Skipping request ${request.url} as disallowed by robots.txt`);
+        }
+        return {};
+    }
+    /**
+     * Builds the subclass-specific context pipeline that transforms a `CrawlingContext` into the crawler's target context type.
+     * Subclasses should override this to add their own pipeline stages.
+     */
+    buildContextPipeline() {
+        return ContextPipeline.create();
+    }
+    createBaseContext() {
+        const deferredCleanup = [];
+        return {
+            id: cryptoRandomObjectId(10),
+            log: this.log,
+            pushData: this.pushData.bind(this),
+            useState: this.useState.bind(this),
+            getKeyValueStore: async (identifier) => KeyValueStore.open(identifier),
+            registerDeferredCleanup: (cleanup) => {
+                deferredCleanup.push(cleanup);
             },
-            log,
+            [deferredCleanupKey]: deferredCleanup,
+        };
+    }
+    async resolveRequest() {
+        const request = await this._timeoutAndRetry(this._fetchNextRequest.bind(this), this.internalTimeoutMillis, `Fetching next request timed out after ${this.internalTimeoutMillis / 1e3} seconds.`);
+        // Reset loadedUrl so an old one is not carried over to retries.
+        if (request) {
+            request.loadedUrl = undefined;
+        }
+        return request;
+    }
+    async resolveSession({ request }) {
+        const session = await this._timeoutAndRetry(async () => {
+            const existingSession = await this.sessionPool.getSession(request.sessionId);
+            if (!existingSession) {
+                throw new ContextPipelineInitializationError(new MissingSessionError(request.sessionId));
+            }
+            return existingSession;
+        }, this.internalTimeoutMillis, `Fetching session timed out after ${this.internalTimeoutMillis / 1e3} seconds.`);
+        return { session, proxyInfo: session?.proxyInfo };
+    }
+    async createContextHelpers({ request, session }) {
+        const enqueueLinksWrapper = async (options) => {
+            const requestManager = await this.getRequestManager();
+            return await this.enqueueLinksWithCrawlDepth(options, request, requestManager);
+        };
+        const addRequests = async (requests, options = {}) => {
+            const newCrawlDepth = request.crawlDepth + 1;
+            const requestsGenerator = this.addCrawlDepthRequestGenerator(requests, newCrawlDepth);
+            await this.addRequests(requestsGenerator, options);
         };
-        this.autoscaledPoolOptions = { ...autoscaledPoolOptions, ...basicCrawlerAutoscaledPoolConfiguration };
+        const sendRequest = createSendRequest(this.httpClient, request, session);
+        return { enqueueLinks: enqueueLinksWrapper, addRequests, sendRequest };
+    }
+    buildFinalContextPipeline() {
+        let contextPipeline = (this.contextPipelineOptions.contextPipelineBuilder?.() ??
+            this.buildContextPipeline());
+        const { extendContext } = this.contextPipelineOptions;
+        if (extendContext !== undefined) {
+            contextPipeline = contextPipeline.compose({
+                action: async (context) => await extendContext(context),
+            });
+        }
+        contextPipeline = contextPipeline.compose({
+            action: async (context) => {
+                const { request } = context;
+                if (request && !this.requestMatchesEnqueueStrategy(request)) {
+                    // eslint-disable-next-line dot-notation
+                    const message = `Skipping request ${request.id} (starting url: ${request.url} -> loaded url: ${request.loadedUrl}) because it does not match the enqueue strategy (${request['enqueueStrategy']}).`;
+                    this.log.debug(message);
+                    request.noRetry = true;
+                    request.state = RequestState.SKIPPED;
+                    await this.handleSkippedRequest({ url: request.url, reason: 'redirect' });
+                    throw new ContextPipelineInterruptedError(message);
+                }
+                return context;
+            },
+        });
+        return contextPipeline;
     }
     /**
      * Checks if the given error is a proxy error by comparing its message to a list of known proxy error messages.
@@ -311,25 +609,27 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
         return ROTATE_PROXY_ERRORS.some((x) => this._getMessageFromError(error)?.includes(x));
     }
     /**
-     * Checks whether the given crawling context is getting blocked by anti-bot protection using several heuristics.
-     * Returns `false` if the request is not blocked, otherwise returns a string with a description of the block reason.
-     * @param _crawlingContext The crawling context to check.
-     */
-    async isRequestBlocked(_crawlingContext) {
-        throw new Error('the "isRequestBlocked" method is not implemented in this crawler.');
-    }
-    /**
+     * Sets the status message for the current crawler run.
+     *
      * This method is periodically called by the crawler, every `statusMessageLoggingInterval` seconds.
+     *
+     * The message is logged and broadcast via the {@link EventType.STATUS_MESSAGE|`statusMessage`}
+     * event. Integrations such as the Apify SDK subscribe to that event and forward the message to
+     * their status-reporting backend (e.g. the Apify platform).
      */
-    async setStatusMessage(message, options = {}) {
+    setStatusMessage(message, options = {}) {
         const data = options.isStatusMessageTerminal != null ? { terminal: options.isStatusMessageTerminal } : undefined;
-        this.log.internal(LogLevel[options.level ?? 'DEBUG'], message, data);
-        const client = this.config.getStorageClient();
-        if (!client.setStatusMessage) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // just to be sure, this should be fast
-        await addTimeoutToPromise(async () => client.setStatusMessage(message, options), 1000, 'Setting status message timed out after 1s').catch((e) => this.log.debug(e.message));
+        this.log.logWithLevel(LogLevel[options.level ?? 'DEBUG'], message, data);
+        // Broadcast the status message through the event system. Consumers (e.g. the Apify SDK) can
+        // subscribe to `EventType.STATUS_MESSAGE` and propagate it to their status-reporting backend.
+        // Setting the status message is not a storage concern, so we intentionally don't route it
+        // through the storage client anymore.
+        serviceLocator.getEventManager().emit("statusMessage" /* EventType.STATUS_MESSAGE */, {
+            crawlerId: this.crawlerId,
+            message,
+            isStatusMessageTerminal: options.isStatusMessageTerminal,
+            level: options.level,
+        });
     }
     getPeriodicLogger() {
         let previousState = { ...this.stats.state };
@@ -349,7 +649,7 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
                 message = `Experiencing problems, ${this.stats.state.requestsFailed - previousState.requestsFailed || this.stats.state.requestsFailed} failed requests in the past ${this.statusMessageLoggingInterval} seconds.`;
             }
             else {
-                const total = this.requestQueue?.getTotalCount() || this.requestList?.length();
+                const total = await this.requestManager?.getTotalCount();
                 message = `Crawled ${this.stats.state.requestsFinished}${total ? `/${total}` : ''} pages, ${this.stats.state.requestsFailed} failed requests, desired concurrency ${this.autoscaledPool?.desiredConcurrency ?? 0}.`;
             }
             if (this.statusMessageCallback) {
@@ -361,7 +661,7 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
                 });
                 return;
             }
-            await this.setStatusMessage(message);
+            this.setStatusMessage(message);
         };
         const interval = setInterval(log, this.statusMessageLoggingInterval * 1e3);
         return { log, stop: () => clearInterval(interval) };
@@ -380,29 +680,40 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
         if (this.running) {
             throw new Error('This crawler instance is already running, you can add more requests to it via `crawler.addRequests()`.');
         }
-        const { purgeRequestQueue = true, ...addRequestsOptions } = options ?? {};
+        const { purgeRequestQueue, ...addRequestsOptions } = options ?? {};
         if (this.hasFinishedBefore) {
             // When executing the run method for the second time explicitly,
-            // we need to purge the default RQ to allow processing the same requests again - this is important so users can
+            // we need to purge the RQ to allow processing the same requests again — this is important so users can
             // pass in failed requests back to the `crawler.run()`, otherwise they would be considered as handled and
-            // ignored - as a failed requests is still handled.
-            if (this.requestQueue?.name === 'default' && purgeRequestQueue) {
-                await this.requestQueue.drop();
-                this.requestQueue = await this._getRequestQueue();
+            // ignored — as a failed request is still handled.
+            // By default (purgeRequestQueue unset or true), only the manager we created ourselves (ownedRequestManager) is purged.
+            // When `purgeRequestQueue` is explicitly `true`, we also purge a user-supplied manager.
+            // When `purgeRequestQueue` is explicitly `false`, nothing is purged.
+            const shouldPurge = purgeRequestQueue !== false;
+            const managerToPurge = this.ownedRequestManager ?? (purgeRequestQueue === true ? this.requestManager : undefined);
+            if (managerToPurge?.purge && shouldPurge) {
+                await managerToPurge.purge();
+                this.handledRequestsCount = 0; // This would've been reset by this._init() further down below, but at that point `handledRequestsCount` could prevent `addRequests` from adding the initial requests
             }
             this.stats.reset();
             await this.stats.resetStore();
-            await this.sessionPool?.resetStore();
+            await this.ownedSessionPool?.resetStore();
         }
+        this.unexpectedStop = false;
         this.running = true;
-        await purgeDefaultStorages({ onlyPurgeOnce: true });
+        this.loggedPerRun.clear();
+        await purgeDefaultStorages({
+            onlyPurgeOnce: true,
+            storageBackend: serviceLocator.getStorageBackend(),
+            config: serviceLocator.getConfiguration(),
+        });
         if (requests) {
             await this.addRequests(requests, addRequestsOptions);
         }
         await this._init();
         await this.stats.startCapturing();
         const periodicLogger = this.getPeriodicLogger();
-        await this.setStatusMessage('Starting the crawler.', { level: 'INFO' });
+        this.setStatusMessage('Starting the crawler.', { level: 'INFO' });
         const sigintHandler = async () => {
             this.log.warning('Pausing... Press CTRL+C again to force exit. To resume, do: CRAWLEE_PURGE_ON_START=0 npm start');
             await this._pauseOnMigration();
@@ -411,8 +722,9 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
         // Attach a listener to handle migration and aborting events gracefully.
         const boundPauseOnMigration = this._pauseOnMigration.bind(this);
         process.once('SIGINT', sigintHandler);
-        this.events.on("migrating" /* EventType.MIGRATING */, boundPauseOnMigration);
-        this.events.on("aborting" /* EventType.ABORTING */, boundPauseOnMigration);
+        const eventManager = serviceLocator.getEventManager();
+        eventManager.on("migrating" /* EventType.MIGRATING */, boundPauseOnMigration);
+        eventManager.on("aborting" /* EventType.ABORTING */, boundPauseOnMigration);
         let stats = {};
         try {
             await this.autoscaledPool.run();
@@ -421,8 +733,8 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
             await this.teardown();
             await this.stats.stopCapturing();
             process.off('SIGINT', sigintHandler);
-            this.events.off("migrating" /* EventType.MIGRATING */, boundPauseOnMigration);
-            this.events.off("aborting" /* EventType.ABORTING */, boundPauseOnMigration);
+            eventManager.off("migrating" /* EventType.MIGRATING */, boundPauseOnMigration);
+            eventManager.off("aborting" /* EventType.ABORTING */, boundPauseOnMigration);
             const finalStats = this.stats.calculate();
             stats = {
                 requestsFinished: this.stats.state.requestsFinished,
@@ -439,7 +751,7 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
                     mostCommonErrors: this.stats.errorTracker.getMostPopularErrors(3).map(prettify),
                 });
             }
-            const client = this.config.getStorageClient();
+            const client = serviceLocator.getStorageBackend();
             if (client.teardown) {
                 let finished = false;
                 setTimeout(() => {
@@ -451,7 +763,7 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
                 finished = true;
             }
             periodicLogger.stop();
-            await this.setStatusMessage(`Finished! Total ${this.stats.state.requestsFinished + this.stats.state.requestsFailed} requests: ${this.stats.state.requestsFinished} succeeded, ${this.stats.state.requestsFailed} failed.`, { isStatusMessageTerminal: true, level: 'INFO' });
+            this.setStatusMessage(`Finished! Total ${this.stats.state.requestsFinished + this.stats.state.requestsFailed} requests: ${this.stats.state.requestsFinished} succeeded, ${this.stats.state.requestsFailed} failed.`, { isStatusMessageTerminal: true, level: 'INFO' });
             this.running = false;
             this.hasFinishedBefore = true;
         }
@@ -461,29 +773,106 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
      * Gracefully stops the current run of the crawler.
      *
      * All the tasks active at the time of calling this method will be allowed to finish.
+     *
+     * To stop the crawler immediately, use {@link BasicCrawler.teardown|`crawler.teardown()`} instead.
      */
-    stop(message = 'The crawler has been gracefully stopped.') {
-        // Gracefully starve the this.autoscaledPool, so it doesn't start new tasks. Resolves once the pool is cleared.
-        this.autoscaledPool
-            ?.pause()
-            // Resolves the `autoscaledPool.run()` promise in the `BasicCrawler.run()` method. Since the pool is already paused, it resolves immediately and doesn't kill any tasks.
-            .then(async () => this.autoscaledPool?.abort())
-            .then(() => this.log.info(message))
-            .catch((err) => {
-            this.log.error('An error occurred when stopping the crawler:', err);
-        });
+    stop(reason = 'The crawler has been gracefully stopped.') {
+        if (this.unexpectedStop) {
+            return;
+        }
+        this.log.info(reason);
+        this.unexpectedStop = true;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Returns the crawler's {@link IRequestManager|request manager}, opening the default {@link RequestQueue}
+     * if none has been configured or opened yet.
+     */
+    async getRequestManager() {
+        if (!this.requestManager) {
+            this.requestManager = await this.openOwnedRequestQueue();
+        }
+        // Apply the processing-time hint here (an async lifecycle point) rather than in the constructor,
+        // now that `setExpectedRequestProcessingTimeSecs` is async. The hint is raise-only and idempotent,
+        // but guard so we do not re-issue it on every call.
+        if (!this.requestManagerTimeoutsApplied) {
+            this.requestManagerTimeoutsApplied = true;
+            await this.applyRequestManagerTimeouts(this.requestManager);
+        }
+        return this.requestManager;
     }
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link BasicCrawler.getRequestManager|`getRequestManager()`} instead. This returns the
+     * crawler's request manager, which is no longer guaranteed to be a {@link RequestQueue}.
+     */
     async getRequestQueue() {
-        if (!this.requestQueue && this.requestList) {
-            this.log.warningOnce('When using RequestList and RequestQueue at the same time, you should instantiate both explicitly and provide them in the crawler options, to ensure correctly handled restarts of the crawler.');
-        }
-        this.requestQueue ??= await this._getRequestQueue();
-        return this.requestQueue;
+        return this.getRequestManager();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Opens the default {@link RequestQueue}, applies the crawler's timeouts to it and records it as the
+     * crawler-owned manager (so it gets purged between repeated `run()` calls).
+     * @private
+     */
+    async openOwnedRequestQueue() {
+        // The first crawler instance uses the default queue (null identifier);
+        // subsequent instances get their own queue via a unique alias so they don't collide.
+        const identifier = this.crawlerInstanceIndex === 0 ? null : { alias: `__default_${this.crawlerInstanceIndex}__` };
+        const requestQueue = await RequestQueue.open(identifier, { config: serviceLocator.getConfiguration() });
+        this.ownedRequestManager = requestQueue;
+        return requestQueue;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Tells a request manager how long we expect to hold a fetched request, so that one backed by a
+     * locking storage backend keeps it reserved for slightly longer than the request handler timeout
+     * (with some padding for overhead), but never for less than a minute. This prevents a long-running
+     * request from being handed out a second time while it is still being processed — and it works
+     * regardless of whether the manager is a plain {@link RequestQueue} or a `RequestManagerTandem`.
+     */
+    async applyRequestManagerTimeouts(requestManager) {
+        await requestManager.setExpectedRequestProcessingTimeSecs?.(Math.max(this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis / 1000 + 5, 60));
     }
     async useState(defaultValue = {}) {
-        const kvs = await KeyValueStore.open(null, { config: this.config });
+        const kvs = await KeyValueStore.open(null, { config: serviceLocator.getConfiguration() });
+        if (this.hasExplicitId) {
+            const stateKey = `${BasicCrawler.CRAWLEE_STATE_KEY}_${this.crawlerId}`;
+            return kvs.getAutoSavedValue(stateKey, defaultValue);
+        }
+        BasicCrawler.useStateCrawlerIds.add(this.crawlerId);
+        if (BasicCrawler.useStateCrawlerIds.size > 1) {
+            serviceLocator
+                .getLogger()
+                .warningOnce('Multiple crawler instances are calling useState() without an explicit `id` option. \n' +
+                'This means they will share the same state object, which is likely unintended. \n' +
+                'To fix this, provide a unique `id` option to each crawler instance. \n' +
+                'Example: new BasicCrawler({ id: "my-crawler-1", ... })');
+        }
         return kvs.getAutoSavedValue(BasicCrawler.CRAWLEE_STATE_KEY, defaultValue);
     }
+    async getPendingRequestCountApproximation() {
+        return (await this.requestManager?.getPendingCount()) ?? 0;
+    }
+    async calculateEnqueuedRequestLimit(explicitLimit) {
+        if (this.maxRequestsPerCrawl === undefined) {
+            return explicitLimit;
+        }
+        const limit = Math.max(0, this.maxRequestsPerCrawl - this.handledRequestsCount - (await this.getPendingRequestCountApproximation()));
+        return Math.min(limit, explicitLimit ?? Infinity);
+    }
+    async handleSkippedRequest(options) {
+        if (options.reason === 'limit') {
+            this.logOncePerRun('maxRequestsPerCrawl', 'The number of requests enqueued by the crawler reached the maxRequestsPerCrawl limit of ' +
+                `${this.maxRequestsPerCrawl} requests and no further requests will be added.`);
+        }
+        if (options.reason === 'depth') {
+            this.logOncePerRun('maxCrawlDepth', `The crawler reached the maxCrawlDepth limit of ${this.maxCrawlDepth} and no further requests will be enqueued.`);
+        }
+        await this.onSkippedRequest?.(options);
+    }
+    logOncePerRun(key, message) {
+        if (!this.loggedPerRun.has(key)) {
+            this.log.info(message);
+            this.loggedPerRun.add(key);
+        }
+    }
     /**
      * Adds requests to the queue in batches. By default, it will resolve after the initial batch is added, and continue
      * adding the rest in background. You can configure the batch size via `batchSize` option and the sleep time in between
@@ -496,46 +885,72 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
      * @param options Options for the request queue
      */
     async addRequests(requests, options = {}) {
-        const requestQueue = await this.getRequestQueue();
-        if (!this.respectRobotsTxtFile) {
-            return requestQueue.addRequestsBatched(requests, options);
-        }
-        const allowedRequests = [];
-        const skipped = new Set();
-        for (const request of requests) {
-            const url = typeof request === 'string' ? request : request.url;
-            if (await this.isAllowedBasedOnRobotsTxtFile(url)) {
-                allowedRequests.push(request);
-            }
-            else {
-                skipped.add(url);
-                await this.onSkippedRequest?.({ url, reason: 'robotsTxt' });
+        await this.getRequestManager();
+        const requestLimit = await this.calculateEnqueuedRequestLimit();
+        const skippedBecauseOfRobots = new Set();
+        const skippedBecauseOfLimit = new Set();
+        const skippedBecauseOfMaxCrawlDepth = new Set();
+        const isAllowedBasedOnRobotsTxtFile = this.isAllowedBasedOnRobotsTxtFile.bind(this);
+        const maxCrawlDepth = this.maxCrawlDepth;
+        ow(requests, ow.object
+            .is((value) => isIterable(value) || isAsyncIterable(value))
+            .message((value) => `Expected an iterable or async iterable, got ${getObjectType(value)}`));
+        async function* filteredRequests() {
+            let yieldedRequestCount = 0;
+            for await (const request of requests) {
+                const url = typeof request === 'string' ? request : request.url;
+                if (requestLimit !== undefined && yieldedRequestCount >= requestLimit) {
+                    skippedBecauseOfLimit.add(url);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (maxCrawlDepth !== undefined && request.crawlDepth > maxCrawlDepth) {
+                    skippedBecauseOfMaxCrawlDepth.add(url);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (await isAllowedBasedOnRobotsTxtFile(url)) {
+                    yield request;
+                    yieldedRequestCount += 1;
+                }
+                else {
+                    skippedBecauseOfRobots.add(url);
+                }
             }
         }
-        if (skipped.size > 0) {
+        const result = await this.requestManager.addRequestsBatched(filteredRequests(), options);
+        if (skippedBecauseOfRobots.size > 0) {
             this.log.warning(`Some requests were skipped because they were disallowed based on the robots.txt file`, {
-                skipped: [...skipped],
+                skipped: [...skippedBecauseOfRobots],
             });
-            if (this.onSkippedRequest) {
-                await Promise.all([...skipped].map((url) => {
-                    return this.onSkippedRequest({ url, reason: 'robotsTxt' });
-                }));
-            }
         }
-        return requestQueue.addRequestsBatched(allowedRequests, options);
+        if (skippedBecauseOfRobots.size > 0 ||
+            skippedBecauseOfLimit.size > 0 ||
+            skippedBecauseOfMaxCrawlDepth.size > 0) {
+            await Promise.all([...skippedBecauseOfRobots]
+                .map((url) => {
+                return this.handleSkippedRequest({ url, reason: 'robotsTxt' });
+            })
+                .concat([...skippedBecauseOfLimit].map((url) => {
+                return this.handleSkippedRequest({ url, reason: 'limit' });
+            }), [...skippedBecauseOfMaxCrawlDepth].map((url) => {
+                return this.handleSkippedRequest({ url, reason: 'depth' });
+            })));
+        }
+        return result;
     }
     /**
      * Pushes data to the specified {@link Dataset}, or the default crawler {@link Dataset} by calling {@link Dataset.pushData}.
      */
-    async pushData(data, datasetIdOrName) {
-        const dataset = await this.getDataset(datasetIdOrName);
+    async pushData(data, datasetIdentifier) {
+        const dataset = await this.getDataset(datasetIdentifier);
         return dataset.pushData(data);
     }
     /**
      * Retrieves the specified {@link Dataset}, or the default crawler {@link Dataset}.
      */
-    async getDataset(idOrName) {
-        return Dataset.open(idOrName, { config: this.config });
+    async getDataset(identifier) {
+        return Dataset.open(identifier, {
+            config: serviceLocator.getConfiguration(),
+        });
     }
     /**
      * Retrieves data from the default crawler {@link Dataset} by calling {@link Dataset.getData}.
@@ -550,8 +965,9 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
      */
     async exportData(path, format, options) {
         const supportedFormats = ['json', 'csv'];
-        if (!format && path.match(/\.(json|csv)$/i)) {
-            format = path.toLowerCase().match(/\.(json|csv)$/)[1];
+        const formatMatch = /\.(json|csv)$/i.exec(path);
+        if (!format && formatMatch) {
+            format = formatMatch[1].toLowerCase();
         }
         if (!format) {
             throw new Error(`Failed to infer format from the path: '${path}'. Supported formats: ${supportedFormats.join(', ')}`);
@@ -562,7 +978,21 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
         const dataset = await this.getDataset();
         const items = await dataset.export(options);
         if (format === 'csv') {
-            const value = stringify([Object.keys(items[0]), ...items.map((item) => Object.values(item))]);
+            let value;
+            if (items.length === 0) {
+                value = '';
+            }
+            else {
+                const keys = options?.collectAllKeys
+                    ? Array.from(new Set(items.flatMap(Object.keys)))
+                    : Object.keys(items[0]);
+                value = stringify([
+                    keys,
+                    ...items.map((item) => {
+                        return keys.map((k) => item[k]);
+                    }),
+                ]);
+            }
             await ensureDir(dirname(path));
             await writeFile(path, value);
             this.log.info(`Export to ${path} finished!`);
@@ -574,32 +1004,33 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
         }
         return items;
     }
+    /**
+     * Initializes the crawler.
+     */
     async _init() {
-        if (!this.events.isInitialized()) {
-            await this.events.init();
+        const eventManager = serviceLocator.getEventManager();
+        if (!eventManager.isInitialized()) {
+            await eventManager.init();
             this._closeEvents = true;
         }
         // Initialize AutoscaledPool before awaiting _loadHandledRequestCount(),
         // so that the caller can get a reference to it before awaiting the promise returned from run()
         // (otherwise there would be no way)
-        this.autoscaledPool = new AutoscaledPool(this.autoscaledPoolOptions, this.config);
-        if (this.useSessionPool) {
-            this.sessionPool = await SessionPool.open(this.sessionPoolOptions, this.config);
-            // Assuming there are not more than 20 browsers running at once;
-            this.sessionPool.setMaxListeners(20);
-        }
+        this.autoscaledPool = new AutoscaledPool(this.autoscaledPoolOptions);
+        await this.getRequestManager();
         await this._loadHandledRequestCount();
     }
-    async _runRequestHandler(crawlingContext) {
-        await this.requestHandler(crawlingContext);
+    async runRequestHandler(crawlingContext) {
+        await addTimeoutToPromise(async () => this.requestHandler(crawlingContext), this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis, `requestHandler timed out after ${this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis / 1000} seconds (${crawlingContext.request.id}).`);
     }
     /**
      * Handles blocked request
      */
-    _throwOnBlockedRequest(session, statusCode) {
-        const isBlocked = session.retireOnBlockedStatusCodes(statusCode);
-        if (isBlocked) {
-            throw new Error(`Request blocked - received ${statusCode} status code.`);
+    _throwOnBlockedRequest(statusCode) {
+        if (this.retryOnBlocked)
+            return;
+        if (this.blockedStatusCodes.has(statusCode)) {
+            throw new SessionError(`Request blocked - received ${statusCode} status code.`);
         }
     }
     async isAllowedBasedOnRobotsTxtFile(url) {
@@ -607,7 +1038,8 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
             return true;
         }
         const robotsTxtFile = await this.getRobotsTxtFileForUrl(url);
-        return !robotsTxtFile || robotsTxtFile.isAllowed(url);
+        const userAgent = typeof this.respectRobotsTxtFile === 'object' ? this.respectRobotsTxtFile?.userAgent : '*';
+        return !robotsTxtFile || robotsTxtFile.isAllowed(url, userAgent);
     }
     async getRobotsTxtFileForUrl(url) {
         if (!this.respectRobotsTxtFile) {
@@ -619,7 +1051,7 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
             if (cachedRobotsTxtFile) {
                 return cachedRobotsTxtFile;
             }
-            const robotsTxtFile = await RobotsTxtFile.find(url);
+            const robotsTxtFile = await RobotsTxtFile.find(url, { logger: this.log });
             this.robotsTxtFileCache.add(origin, robotsTxtFile);
             return robotsTxtFile;
         }
@@ -641,11 +1073,13 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
                 }
             });
         }
-        const requestListPersistPromise = (async () => {
-            if (this.requestList) {
-                if (await this.requestList.isFinished())
+        const requestManagerPersistPromise = (async () => {
+            // The request manager persists its read-only loader's state, if it has one that supports persistence
+            // (e.g. a tandem wrapping a `RequestList`). For a plain `RequestQueue`, this is a no-op.
+            if (this.requestManager?.persistState) {
+                if (await this.requestManager.isFinished())
                     return;
-                await this.requestList.persistState().catch((err) => {
+                await this.requestManager.persistState().catch((err) => {
                     if (err.message.includes('Cannot persist state.')) {
                         this.log.error("The crawler attempted to persist its request list's state and failed due to missing or " +
                             'invalid config. Make sure to use either RequestList.open() or the "stateKeyPrefix" option of RequestList ' +
@@ -658,39 +1092,17 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
                 });
             }
         })();
-        await Promise.all([requestListPersistPromise, this.stats.persistState()]);
+        await Promise.all([requestManagerPersistPromise, this.stats.persistState()]);
     }
     /**
-     * Fetches request from either RequestList or RequestQueue. If request comes from a RequestList
-     * and RequestQueue is present then enqueues it to the queue first.
+     * Fetches the next request to process from the underlying request provider.
      */
     async _fetchNextRequest() {
-        if (!this.requestList || (await this.requestList.isFinished())) {
-            return this.requestQueue?.fetchNextRequest();
-        }
-        const request = await this.requestList.fetchNextRequest();
-        if (!this.requestQueue)
-            return request;
-        if (!request)
-            return this.requestQueue.fetchNextRequest();
-        try {
-            await this.requestQueue.addRequest(request, { forefront: true });
+        if (this.requestManager === undefined) {
+            throw new Error(`_fetchNextRequest called on an uninitialized crawler`);
         }
-        catch (err) {
-            // If requestQueue.addRequest() fails here then we must reclaim it back to
-            // the RequestList because probably it's not yet in the queue!
-            this.log.error('Adding of request from the RequestList to the RequestQueue failed, reclaiming request back to the list.', { request });
-            await this.requestList.reclaimRequest(request);
-            return null;
-        }
-        await this.requestList.markRequestHandled(request);
-        return this.requestQueue.fetchNextRequest();
+        return this.requestManager.fetchNextRequest();
     }
-    /**
-     * Executed when `errorHandler` finishes or the request is successful.
-     * Can be used to clean up orphaned browser pages.
-     */
-    async _cleanupContext(_crawlingContext) { }
     /**
      * Delays processing of the request based on the `sameDomainDelaySecs` option,
      * adding it back to the queue after the timeout passes. Returns `true` if the request
@@ -707,149 +1119,144 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
             this.domainAccessedTime.set(domain, now);
             return false;
         }
-        if (source instanceof RequestQueueV1) {
-            // eslint-disable-next-line dot-notation
-            source['inProgress']?.delete(request.id);
-        }
         const delay = lastAccessTime + this.sameDomainDelayMillis - now;
         this.log.debug(`Request ${request.url} (${request.id}) will be reclaimed after ${delay} milliseconds due to same domain delay`);
         setTimeout(async () => {
             this.log.debug(`Adding request ${request.url} (${request.id}) back to the queue`);
-            if (source instanceof RequestQueueV1) {
-                // eslint-disable-next-line dot-notation
-                source['inProgress'].add(request.id);
-            }
             await source.reclaimRequest(request, { forefront: request.userData?.__crawlee?.forefront });
         }, delay);
         return true;
     }
-    /**
-     * Wrapper around requestHandler that fetches requests from RequestList/RequestQueue
-     * then retries them in a case of an error, etc.
-     */
-    async _runTaskFunction() {
-        const source = this.requestQueue || this.requestList || (await this.getRequestQueue());
-        let request;
-        let session;
-        await this._timeoutAndRetry(async () => {
-            request = await this._fetchNextRequest();
-        }, this.internalTimeoutMillis, `Fetching next request timed out after ${this.internalTimeoutMillis / 1e3} seconds.`);
-        tryCancel();
-        if (this.useSessionPool) {
-            await this._timeoutAndRetry(async () => {
-                session = await this.sessionPool.getSession();
-            }, this.internalTimeoutMillis, `Fetching session timed out after ${this.internalTimeoutMillis / 1e3} seconds.`);
-        }
-        tryCancel();
-        if (!request || this.delayRequest(request, source)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        if (!(await this.isAllowedBasedOnRobotsTxtFile(request.url))) {
-            this.log.warning(`Skipping request ${request.url} (${request.id}) because it is disallowed based on robots.txt`);
-            request.state = RequestState.SKIPPED;
-            request.noRetry = true;
-            await source.markRequestHandled(request);
-            await this.onSkippedRequest?.({
-                url: request.url,
-                reason: 'robotsTxt',
-            });
-            return;
-        }
-        // Reset loadedUrl so an old one is not carried over to retries.
-        request.loadedUrl = undefined;
+    /** Handles a single request - runs the request handler with retries, error handling, and lifecycle management. */
+    async handleRequest(crawlingContext, requestSource, request) {
         const statisticsId = request.id || request.uniqueKey;
         this.stats.startJob(statisticsId);
-        // Shared crawling context
-        // @ts-expect-error
-        // All missing properties (that extend CrawlingContext) are set dynamically,
-        // but TS does not know that, so otherwise it would throw when compiling.
-        const crawlingContext = {
-            id: cryptoRandomObjectId(10),
-            crawler: this,
-            log: this.log,
-            request,
-            session,
-            enqueueLinks: async (options) => {
-                return enqueueLinks({
-                    // specify the RQ first to allow overriding it
-                    requestQueue: await this.getRequestQueue(),
-                    robotsTxtFile: await this.getRobotsTxtFileForUrl(request.url),
-                    onSkippedRequest: this.onSkippedRequest,
-                    ...options,
-                });
-            },
-            addRequests: this.addRequests.bind(this),
-            pushData: this.pushData.bind(this),
-            useState: this.useState.bind(this),
-            sendRequest: createSendRequest(this.httpClient, request, session, () => crawlingContext.proxyInfo?.url),
-            getKeyValueStore: async (idOrName) => KeyValueStore.open(idOrName, { config: this.config }),
-        };
-        this.crawlingContexts.set(crawlingContext.id, crawlingContext);
         let isRequestLocked = true;
         try {
             request.state = RequestState.REQUEST_HANDLER;
-            await addTimeoutToPromise(async () => this._runRequestHandler(crawlingContext), this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis, `requestHandler timed out after ${this.requestHandlerTimeoutMillis / 1000} seconds (${request.id}).`);
-            await this._timeoutAndRetry(async () => source.markRequestHandled(request), this.internalTimeoutMillis, `Marking request ${request.url} (${request.id}) as handled timed out after ${this.internalTimeoutMillis / 1e3} seconds.`);
-            isRequestLocked = false; // markRequestHandled succeeded and unlocked the request
+            await this.runRequestHandler(crawlingContext);
+            await this._timeoutAndRetry(async () => requestSource.markRequestAsHandled(request), this.internalTimeoutMillis, `Marking request ${request.url} (${request.id}) as handled timed out after ${this.internalTimeoutMillis / 1e3} seconds.`);
+            isRequestLocked = false; // markRequestAsHandled succeeded and unlocked the request
             this.stats.finishJob(statisticsId, request.retryCount);
             this.handledRequestsCount++;
             // reclaim session if request finishes successfully
             request.state = RequestState.DONE;
-            crawlingContext.session?.markGood();
+            crawlingContext.session.markGood();
         }
-        catch (err) {
+        catch (rawError) {
+            const err = this.unwrapError(rawError);
             try {
                 request.state = RequestState.ERROR_HANDLER;
-                await addTimeoutToPromise(async () => this._requestFunctionErrorHandler(err, crawlingContext, source), this.internalTimeoutMillis, `Handling request failure of ${request.url} (${request.id}) timed out after ${this.internalTimeoutMillis / 1e3} seconds.`);
+                await addTimeoutToPromise(async () => this._requestFunctionErrorHandler(err, crawlingContext, request, requestSource), this.internalTimeoutMillis, `Handling request failure of ${request.url} (${request.id}) timed out after ${this.internalTimeoutMillis / 1e3} seconds.`);
                 if (!(err instanceof CriticalError)) {
-                    isRequestLocked = false; // _requestFunctionErrorHandler calls either markRequestHandled or reclaimRequest
+                    isRequestLocked = false; // _requestFunctionErrorHandler calls either markRequestAsHandled or reclaimRequest
                 }
                 request.state = RequestState.DONE;
             }
             catch (secondaryError) {
-                if (!secondaryError.triggeredFromUserHandler &&
+                const unwrappedSecondaryError = this.unwrapError(secondaryError);
+                if (!unwrappedSecondaryError.triggeredFromUserHandler &&
                     // avoid reprinting the same critical error multiple times, as it will be printed by Nodejs at the end anyway
-                    !(secondaryError instanceof CriticalError)) {
+                    !(unwrappedSecondaryError instanceof CriticalError)) {
                     const apifySpecific = process.env.APIFY_IS_AT_HOME
                         ? `This may have happened due to an internal error of Apify's API or due to a misconfigured crawler.`
                         : '';
-                    this.log.exception(secondaryError, 'An exception occurred during handling of failed request. ' +
+                    this.log.exception(unwrappedSecondaryError, 'An exception occurred during handling of failed request. ' +
                         `This places the crawler and its underlying storages into an unknown state and crawling will be terminated. ${apifySpecific}`);
                 }
                 request.state = RequestState.ERROR;
-                throw secondaryError;
+                throw unwrappedSecondaryError;
+            }
+            // decrease the session score if the request fails (but the error handler did not throw);
+            // skip when the error is a SessionError, which already retired the session
+            if (!(err instanceof SessionError)) {
+                crawlingContext.session.markBad();
             }
-            // decrease the session score if the request fails (but the error handler did not throw)
-            crawlingContext.session?.markBad();
         }
         finally {
-            await this._cleanupContext(crawlingContext);
-            this.crawlingContexts.delete(crawlingContext.id);
-            // Safety net - release the lock if nobody managed to do it before
-            if (isRequestLocked && source instanceof RequestProvider) {
+            // Safety net - return the request to the queue if nobody managed to mark it as handled
+            // or reclaim it before (e.g. after a CriticalError). Reclaiming a request that is no longer
+            // in progress is a harmless no-op on the storage backend.
+            if (isRequestLocked && requestSource instanceof RequestQueue) {
                 try {
-                    await source.client.deleteRequestLock(request.id);
+                    await requestSource.reclaimRequest(request);
                 }
                 catch {
-                    // We don't have the lock, or the request was never locked. Either way it's fine
+                    // The request was never in progress, or could not be reclaimed. Either way it's fine.
                 }
             }
         }
     }
     /**
-     * Run async callback with given timeout and retry.
+     * Wrapper around the crawling context's `enqueueLinks` method:
+     * - Injects `crawlDepth` to each request being added based on the crawling context request.
+     * - Provides defaults for the `enqueueLinks` options based on the crawler configuration.
+     *      - These options can be overridden by the user.
+     * @internal
+     */
+    async enqueueLinksWithCrawlDepth(options, request, requestManager) {
+        const transformRequestFunctionWrapper = (requestOptions) => {
+            requestOptions.crawlDepth = request.crawlDepth + 1;
+            if (this.maxCrawlDepth !== undefined && requestOptions.crawlDepth > this.maxCrawlDepth) {
+                // Setting `skippedReason` before returning `false` ensures that `reportSkippedRequests`
+                // reports `'depth'` as the reason (via `request.skippedReason ?? reason` fallback),
+                // rather than the generic `'transform'` reason.
+                requestOptions.skippedReason = 'depth';
+                return false;
+            }
+            // After injecting the crawlDepth, we call the user-provided transform function, if there is one.
+            return options.transformRequestFunction?.(requestOptions) ?? requestOptions;
+        };
+        // Create a request-scoped callback that logs enqueueLimit once per request handler call
+        // Only log if an explicit limit was passed to enqueueLinks (not the internal maxRequestsPerCrawl-derived limit)
+        let loggedEnqueueLimitForThisRequest = false;
+        const onSkippedRequest = async (skippedOptions) => {
+            if (skippedOptions.reason === 'enqueueLimit') {
+                if (!loggedEnqueueLimitForThisRequest && options.limit !== undefined) {
+                    this.log.info(`Skipping URLs in the handler for ${request.url} due to the enqueueLinks limit of ${options.limit}.`);
+                    loggedEnqueueLimitForThisRequest = true;
+                }
+            }
+            await this.handleSkippedRequest(skippedOptions);
+        };
+        return await enqueueLinks({
+            requestManager,
+            robotsTxtFile: await this.getRobotsTxtFileForUrl(request.url),
+            onSkippedRequest,
+            limit: await this.calculateEnqueuedRequestLimit(options.limit),
+            // Allow user options to override defaults set above ⤴
+            ...options,
+            transformRequestFunction: transformRequestFunctionWrapper,
+        });
+    }
+    /**
+     * Generator function that yields requests injected with the given crawl depth.
+     * @internal
+     */
+    async *addCrawlDepthRequestGenerator(requests, newRequestDepth) {
+        for await (const request of requests) {
+            if (typeof request === 'string') {
+                yield { url: request, crawlDepth: newRequestDepth };
+            }
+            else {
+                request.crawlDepth ??= newRequestDepth;
+                yield request;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Run async callback with given timeout and retry. Returns the result of the callback.
      * @ignore
      */
     async _timeoutAndRetry(handler, timeout, error, maxRetries = 3, retried = 1) {
         try {
-            await addTimeoutToPromise(handler, timeout, error);
+            return await addTimeoutToPromise(handler, timeout, error);
         }
         catch (e) {
             if (retried <= maxRetries) {
                 // we retry on any error, not just timeout
                 this.log.warning(`${e.message} (retrying ${retried}/${maxRetries})`);
-                void this._timeoutAndRetry(handler, timeout, error, maxRetries, retried + 1);
-                return;
+                return this._timeoutAndRetry(handler, timeout, error, maxRetries, retried + 1);
             }
             throw e;
         }
@@ -858,36 +1265,32 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
      * Returns true if either RequestList or RequestQueue have a request ready for processing.
      */
     async _isTaskReadyFunction() {
-        // First check RequestList, since it's only in memory.
-        const isRequestListEmpty = this.requestList ? await this.requestList.isEmpty() : true;
-        // If RequestList is not empty, task is ready, no reason to check RequestQueue.
-        if (!isRequestListEmpty)
-            return true;
-        // If RequestQueue is not empty, task is ready, return true, otherwise false.
-        return this.requestQueue ? !(await this.requestQueue.isEmpty()) : false;
+        return this.requestManager !== undefined && !(await this.requestManager.isEmpty());
     }
     /**
      * Returns true if both RequestList and RequestQueue have all requests finished.
      */
     async _defaultIsFinishedFunction() {
-        const [isRequestListFinished, isRequestQueueFinished] = await Promise.all([
-            this.requestList ? this.requestList.isFinished() : true,
-            this.requestQueue ? this.requestQueue.isFinished() : true,
-        ]);
-        // If both are finished, return true, otherwise return false.
-        return isRequestListFinished && isRequestQueueFinished;
+        return !this.requestManager || (await this.requestManager.isFinished());
     }
-    async _rotateSession(crawlingContext) {
-        const { request } = crawlingContext;
-        request.sessionRotationCount ??= 0;
-        request.sessionRotationCount++;
-        crawlingContext.session?.retire();
+    /**
+     * Unwraps errors thrown by the context pipeline to get the actual user error.
+     * RequestHandlerError and ContextPipelineInitializationError wrap the actual error.
+     */
+    unwrapError(error) {
+        if (error instanceof RequestHandlerError ||
+            error instanceof ContextPipelineInitializationError ||
+            error instanceof ContextPipelineCleanupError) {
+            return this.unwrapError(error.cause);
+        }
+        return error;
     }
     /**
      * Handles errors thrown by user provided requestHandler()
+     *
+     * @param request The request object, passed separately to circumvent potential dynamic logic in crawlingContext.request
      */
-    async _requestFunctionErrorHandler(error, crawlingContext, source) {
-        const { request } = crawlingContext;
+    async _requestFunctionErrorHandler(error, crawlingContext, request, source) {
         request.pushErrorMessage(error);
         if (error instanceof CriticalError) {
             throw error;
@@ -895,9 +1298,10 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
         const shouldRetryRequest = this._canRequestBeRetried(request, error);
         if (shouldRetryRequest) {
             await this.stats.errorTrackerRetry.addAsync(error, crawlingContext);
-            await this.errorHandler?.(crawlingContext, error);
+            await this.errorHandler?.(crawlingContext, // valid cast - ExtendedContext transitively extends CrawlingContext
+            error);
             if (error instanceof SessionError) {
-                await this._rotateSession(crawlingContext);
+                crawlingContext.session?.retire();
             }
             if (!request.noRetry) {
                 request.retryCount++;
@@ -914,6 +1318,9 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
                 return;
             }
         }
+        if (error instanceof SessionError) {
+            crawlingContext.session?.retire();
+        }
         // If the request is non-retryable, the error and snapshot aren't saved in the errorTrackerRetry object.
         // Therefore, we pass the crawlingContext to the errorTracker.add method, enabling snapshot capture.
         // This is to make sure the error snapshot is not duplicated in the errorTrackerRetry and errorTracker objects.
@@ -928,7 +1335,7 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
         // or failed more than retryCount times and will not be retried anymore.
         // Mark the request as failed and do not retry.
         this.handledRequestsCount++;
-        await source.markRequestHandled(request);
+        await source.markRequestAsHandled(request);
         this.stats.failJob(request.id || request.uniqueKey, request.retryCount);
         await this._handleFailedRequestHandler(crawlingContext, error); // This function prints an error message.
     }
@@ -947,7 +1354,8 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
         const message = this._getMessageFromError(error, true);
         this.log.error(`Request failed and reached maximum retries. ${message}`, { id, url, method, uniqueKey });
         if (this.failedRequestHandler) {
-            await this.failedRequestHandler?.(crawlingContext, error);
+            await this.failedRequestHandler?.(crawlingContext, // valid cast - ExtendedContext transitively extends CrawlingContext
+            error);
         }
     }
     /**
@@ -970,10 +1378,8 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
             : [error.message || error, userLine].join('\n');
     }
     _canRequestBeRetried(request, error) {
-        // Request should never be retried, or the error encountered makes it not able to be retried, or the session rotation limit has been reached
-        if (request.noRetry ||
-            error instanceof NonRetryableError ||
-            (error instanceof SessionError && this.maxSessionRotations <= (request.sessionRotationCount ?? 0))) {
+        // Request should never be retried, or the error encountered makes it not able to be retried.
+        if (request.noRetry || error instanceof NonRetryableError) {
             return false;
         }
         // User requested retry (we ignore retry count here as its explicitly told by the user to retry)
@@ -985,40 +1391,26 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
         return request.retryCount < maxRequestRetries;
     }
     /**
-     * Updates handledRequestsCount from possibly stored counts,
-     * usually after worker migration. Since one of the stores
-     * needs to have priority when both are present,
-     * it is the request queue, because generally, the request
-     * list will first be dumped into the queue and then left
-     * empty.
+     * Updates handledRequestsCount from possibly stored counts, usually after worker migration.
      */
     async _loadHandledRequestCount() {
-        if (this.requestQueue) {
-            this.handledRequestsCount = await this.requestQueue.handledCount();
-        }
-        else if (this.requestList) {
-            this.handledRequestsCount = this.requestList.handledCount();
-        }
-    }
-    async _executeHooks(hooks, ...args) {
-        if (Array.isArray(hooks) && hooks.length) {
-            for (const hook of hooks) {
-                await hook(...args);
-            }
+        if (this.requestManager) {
+            this.handledRequestsCount = await this.requestManager.getHandledCount();
         }
     }
     /**
-     * Function for cleaning up after all request are processed.
-     * @ignore
+     * Stops the crawler immediately.
+     *
+     * This method doesn't wait for currently active requests to finish.
+     *
+     * To stop the crawler gracefully (waiting for all running requests to finish), use {@link BasicCrawler.stop|`crawler.stop()`} instead.
      */
     async teardown() {
-        this.events.emit("persistState" /* EventType.PERSIST_STATE */, { isMigrating: false });
-        if (this.useSessionPool) {
-            await this.sessionPool.teardown();
-        }
+        serviceLocator.getEventManager().emit("persistState" /* EventType.PERSIST_STATE */, { isMigrating: false });
         if (this._closeEvents) {
-            await this.events.close();
+            await serviceLocator.getEventManager().close();
         }
+        await this.ownedSessionPool?.teardown();
         await this.autoscaledPool?.abort();
     }
     _getCookieHeaderFromRequest(request) {
@@ -1028,18 +1420,18 @@ export class BasicCrawler {
         }
         return request.headers?.Cookie || request.headers?.cookie || '';
     }
-    async _getRequestQueue() {
-        // Check if it's explicitly disabled
-        if (this.experiments.requestLocking === false) {
-            if (!this._experimentWarnings.requestLocking) {
-                this.log.info('Using the old RequestQueue implementation without request locking.');
-                this._experimentWarnings.requestLocking = true;
+    requestMatchesEnqueueStrategy(request) {
+        // If `skipNavigation` was used, just return `true`
+        try {
+            // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-expressions
+            request.loadedUrl;
+        }
+        catch (err) {
+            if (err instanceof NavigationSkippedError) {
+                return true;
             }
-            return RequestQueueV1.open(null, { config: this.config });
+            throw err;
         }
-        return RequestQueue.open(null, { config: this.config });
-    }
-    requestMatchesEnqueueStrategy(request) {
         const { url, loadedUrl } = request;
         // eslint-disable-next-line dot-notation -- private access
         const strategy = request['enqueueStrategy'];