@cplieger/deadset-ts 7.2.0-dev.4 → 8.0.0-dev.10

package/src/serialization-contract.ts

@@ -1,36 +1,46 @@
 /**
  * The serialization-contract class: the data members and `toJSON` of every type a value's
  * static type reaches, where the value reaches `JSON.stringify` or a call `ts.serializers`
- * names, and `toString` too where it reaches an `unknown` or `any` parameter of a function
- * outside the analysis or an erased property of a type the program does not declare. A
- * function of the project handing such a parameter to a destination is one, to a fixpoint,
- * and a function invoked through `call`, `apply` or `bind` is the callee.
+ * names, and `toString` too where it reaches an erased parameter of a function outside the
+ * analysis, or an erased property of a type the program does not declare. A function of
+ * the project handing such a parameter to a destination is one, to a fixpoint, and a
+ * function invoked through `call`, `apply` or `bind` is the callee.
  */
 
 import {
   isArrayLiteralExpression,
   isArrowFunction,
   isAsExpression,
+  isAwaitExpression,
   isCallExpression,
   isClassDeclaration,
   isClassExpression,
   isClassStaticBlockDeclaration,
+  isElementAccessExpression,
+  isExpressionStatement,
   isFunctionDeclaration,
   isFunctionExpression,
+  isFunctionLikeDeclaration,
   isGetAccessorDeclaration,
   isIdentifier,
   isInterfaceDeclaration,
   isMethodDeclaration,
+  isNonNullExpression,
   isNoSubstitutionTemplateLiteral,
   isNumericLiteral,
   isObjectLiteralExpression,
   isParenthesizedExpression,
+  isForInStatement,
   isPropertyAccessExpression,
   isPropertyDeclaration,
+  isReturnStatement,
   isSatisfiesExpression,
   isSetAccessorDeclaration,
+  isSourceFile,
+  isSpreadAssignment,
   isSpreadElement,
   isStringLiteral,
+  isTypeAssertion,
   isTypeLiteralNode,
   isVariableDeclaration,
   ModifierFlags,
@@ -40,7 +50,10 @@ import {
   type Expression,
   type Node,
   type ParameterDeclaration,
+  type SourceFile,
+  type SpreadAssignment,
 } from "@typescript/native/ast";
+import { parenthesesRemoved } from "./unwrap.ts";
 import {
   SignatureKind,
   SymbolFlags,
@@ -62,14 +75,14 @@ import {
 } from "./configured-declarations.ts";
 import type { DetectorInput, Evidence } from "./exempt.ts";
 import { nodeKey, type Inventory } from "./inventory.ts";
-import { renderPosition } from "./position.ts";
-import { must } from "./query.ts";
+import { renderPosition, type Position } from "./position.ts";
+import { must, Unanswerable } from "./query.ts";
 import type { ProjectView } from "./session.ts";
 import { erasedStores, type ErasedStores } from "./erased-stores.ts";
 import { checkedTypes, CONVERSION_MEMBERS, valueReach, type Reached } from "./value-reach.ts";
 
 /** The serializer every run reads, whatever the configuration names. */
-const JSON_STRINGIFY: DeclarationEntry = { shape: "global", global: "JSON.stringify" };
+const JSON_STRINGIFY: DeclarationEntry = { global: "JSON.stringify" };
 
 /** The methods a serializer and a formatter resolve by name on a value that left the analysis. */
 const CONVERSIONS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(["toJSON", "toString"]);
@@ -80,6 +93,12 @@ const SERIALIZED_CONVERSION = "toJSON";
 /** The parameter types that keep nothing of the value they are given. */
 const ERASED = TypeFlags.Any | TypeFlags.Unknown;
 
+/** The standard library's promise types, whose value is their one type argument. */
+const PROMISES: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(["Promise", "PromiseLike"]);
+
+/** How deep a callee's result is searched for a type parameter: `Promise<Box<T>>` is two levels. */
+const MENTION_DEPTH = 3;
+
 /**
  * What a destination holds back of a class: its properties, or its properties and its
  * two conversion methods. The second holds back everything the first does.
@@ -209,12 +228,6 @@ interface MethodForm {
   readonly invocation: Invocation;
 }
 
-function unparenthesized(expression: Expression): Expression {
-  return isParenthesizedExpression(expression)
-    ? unparenthesized(expression.expression)
-    : expression;
-}
-
 /**
  * The invocation a call writes through a method of `Function.prototype`, read from
  * the syntax alone: `f.call(self, a)`, `f.apply(self, [a])`, `f.bind(self, a)`, which
@@ -223,12 +236,12 @@ function unparenthesized(expression: Expression): Expression {
  * carries. Whether the method is the prototype's is resolution's to say.
  */
 function throughMethod(call: CallExpression): MethodForm | undefined {
-  const expression = unparenthesized(call.expression);
+  const expression = parenthesesRemoved(call.expression);
   if (isPropertyAccessExpression(expression) && FUNCTION_METHODS.has(expression.name.text)) {
     const [, ...rest] = call.arguments;
     let passed: readonly Expression[] = rest;
     if (expression.name.text === "apply") {
-      const list = rest[0] === undefined ? undefined : unparenthesized(rest[0]);
+      const list = rest[0] === undefined ? undefined : parenthesesRemoved(rest[0]);
       passed = list === undefined ? [] : isArrayLiteralExpression(list) ? list.elements : [list];
     }
     return {
@@ -237,7 +250,7 @@ function throughMethod(call: CallExpression): MethodForm | undefined {
     };
   }
   if (isCallExpression(expression)) {
-    const bound = unparenthesized(expression.expression);
+    const bound = parenthesesRemoved(expression.expression);
     if (isPropertyAccessExpression(bound) && bound.name.text === "bind") {
       return {
         method: bound.name,
@@ -256,6 +269,8 @@ function throughMethod(call: CallExpression): MethodForm | undefined {
 interface Walked {
   readonly sites: readonly Site[];
   readonly parameters: readonly Parameter[];
+  /** The class properties whose declaration writes an initializer, by identifier. */
+  readonly initialized: ReadonlySet<string>;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -266,9 +281,16 @@ interface Walked {
 function walkProject<Brand>(project: ProjectView<Brand>, held: Inventory): Walked {
   const sites: Site[] = [];
   const parameters: Parameter[] = [];
+  const initialized = new Set<string>();
   for (const file of project.ownSourceFiles()) {
     const visit = (node: Node, self: string | undefined): void => {
       let inner = self;
+      if (isPropertyDeclaration(node) && node.initializer !== undefined) {
+        const id = held.declarations.get(nodeKey(file, node));
+        if (id !== undefined) {
+          initialized.add(id);
+        }
+      }
       if (isClassDeclaration(node) || isClassExpression(node)) {
         inner = held.declarations.get(nodeKey(file, node));
       } else if (resetsThis(node)) {
@@ -301,12 +323,38 @@ function walkProject<Brand>(project: ProjectView<Brand>, held: Inventory): Walke
       visit(child, undefined);
     });
   }
-  return { sites, parameters };
+  return { sites, parameters, initialized };
+}
+
+/** The calls of `Object` that read every own property of their argument by name. */
+const ENUMERATIONS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([
+  "keys",
+  "entries",
+  "values",
+  "getOwnPropertyNames",
+  "assign",
+]);
+
+/**
+ * Whether a parameter type keeps no member name of the value it is given beyond the
+ * properties it names: `unknown`, `any`, or an object type of a string index signature,
+ * under which every other member of the value is held.
+ */
+function keepsNoName<Brand>(project: ProjectView<Brand>, type: Type): boolean {
+  if ((type.flags & ERASED) !== 0) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if ((type.flags & TypeFlags.Object) === 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return must(project.queries.indexInfosOf(type)).some(
+    (info) => (info.keyType.flags & TypeFlags.String) !== 0,
+  );
 }
 
 /**
- * The parameters that keep nothing of the value they are given: one typed `unknown` or
- * `any`, and a rest parameter whose elements are, each by its symbol.
+ * The parameters that keep no member name of the value they are given, as `keepsNoName`
+ * reads it, and a rest parameter whose elements keep none, each by its symbol.
  */
 function erasedParameters<Brand>(
   project: ProjectView<Brand>,
@@ -322,10 +370,10 @@ function erasedParameters<Brand>(
       return false;
     }
     if (!parameter.rest) {
-      return (type.flags & ERASED) !== 0;
+      return keepsNoName(project, type);
     }
     const [element] = must(project.queries.typeArguments(type));
-    return element !== undefined && (element.flags & ERASED) !== 0;
+    return element !== undefined && keepsNoName(project, element);
   });
   const bySymbol = new Map<number, Parameter>();
   project
@@ -340,6 +388,124 @@ function erasedParameters<Brand>(
   return bySymbol;
 }
 
+/** Whether one node is a function, whose body runs only where something calls it. */
+function isFunctionNode(node: Node): boolean {
+  return (
+    isFunctionDeclaration(node) ||
+    isFunctionExpression(node) ||
+    isArrowFunction(node) ||
+    isMethodDeclaration(node) ||
+    isGetAccessorDeclaration(node) ||
+    isSetAccessorDeclaration(node)
+  );
+}
+
+/** The name a function nested in another is called by: its own, or the variable it initializes. */
+function nestedName(fn: Node): string | undefined {
+  if (isFunctionDeclaration(fn)) {
+    return fn.name?.text;
+  }
+  let at = fn.parent;
+  while (isParenthesizedExpression(at) || isAsExpression(at) || isSatisfiesExpression(at)) {
+    at = at.parent;
+  }
+  return isVariableDeclaration(at) && isIdentifier(at.name) ? at.name.text : undefined;
+}
+
+/** The names one function's body writes as identifiers, other than the names its declarations bind. */
+function namesWritten(fn: Node): ReadonlySet<string> {
+  const found = new Set<string>();
+  const visit = (node: Node): void => {
+    const declares =
+      (isFunctionDeclaration(node.parent) || isVariableDeclaration(node.parent)) &&
+      node.parent.name === node;
+    if (isIdentifier(node) && !declares) {
+      found.add(node.text);
+    }
+    node.forEachChild(visit);
+  };
+  fn.forEachChild(visit);
+  return found;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The erased parameters their own function enumerates: one an `Object.keys`, `entries`,
+ * `values`, `getOwnPropertyNames` or `assign` call takes, `Object` the standard library's,
+ * or a `for…in` statement walks, which reads every property of the value by its name. A
+ * nested function is read as the function's own only where its name is written in it, or
+ * it has none, a callback or a function called where it is written.
+ */
+function enumeratedParameters<Brand>(
+  project: ProjectView<Brand>,
+  erased: ReadonlyMap<number, Parameter>,
+): readonly Parameter[] {
+  const asked: {
+    readonly node: Node;
+    readonly parameter: Parameter;
+    readonly object: Node | undefined;
+  }[] = [];
+  for (const parameter of erased.values()) {
+    const fn = parameter.name.parent.parent;
+    const spelled = parameter.name.getText();
+    const written = namesWritten(fn);
+    const visit = (node: Node): void => {
+      if (isFunctionNode(node)) {
+        const name = nestedName(node);
+        if (name !== undefined && !written.has(name)) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      const read: Expression[] = [];
+      let object: Node | undefined;
+      if (isCallExpression(node)) {
+        const callee = node.expression;
+        if (
+          isPropertyAccessExpression(callee) &&
+          isIdentifier(callee.expression) &&
+          callee.expression.text === "Object" &&
+          ENUMERATIONS.has(callee.name.text)
+        ) {
+          object = callee.expression;
+          // `Object.assign` reads its sources, every argument after the target.
+          read.push(...node.arguments.slice(...(callee.name.text === "assign" ? [1] : [0, 1])));
+        }
+      } else if (isForInStatement(node)) {
+        read.push(node.expression);
+      }
+      for (const value of read.map(evaluated)) {
+        if (isIdentifier(value) && value.text === spelled) {
+          asked.push({ node: value, parameter, object });
+        }
+      }
+      node.forEachChild(visit);
+    };
+    fn.forEachChild(visit);
+  }
+  const symbols = project.symbolsAt(asked.map((one) => project.handle(one.node))).map(must);
+  const objects = asked.flatMap((one) => (one.object === undefined ? [] : [one.object]));
+  const own = project.ownPaths();
+  const standard = new Set(
+    project
+      .symbolsAt(objects.map((node) => project.handle(node)))
+      .map(must)
+      .flatMap((symbol, at) =>
+        symbol?.declarations.every((handle) => !own.has(handle.path)) === true ? [objects[at]] : [],
+      ),
+  );
+  return [
+    ...new Set(
+      asked.flatMap((one, at) => {
+        const symbol = symbols[at];
+        return symbol !== undefined &&
+          erased.get(symbol.id) === one.parameter &&
+          (one.object === undefined || standard.has(one.object))
+          ? [one.parameter]
+          : [];
+      }),
+    ),
+  ];
+}
+
 /** Each place a call's argument passes one of the erased parameters it can see. */
 function handedOn<Brand>(
   project: ProjectView<Brand>,
@@ -449,8 +615,8 @@ interface Destinations {
  * callee is a serializer an entry names; at the arguments its resolved signature types
  * `unknown` or `any` where its callee is declared outside the analysis or only ambiently
  * with no implementation in it; and, where its callee is a function of the project, at each
- * parameter the function hands on to a destination, holding back the widest of what those
- * destinations hold back, which is settled by widening until no parameter moves.
+ * parameter the function enumerates or hands on to a destination, holding back the widest
+ * of what those hold back, settled by widening until no parameter moves.
  */
 function destinations<Brand>(
   input: DetectorInput<Brand>,
@@ -564,6 +730,30 @@ function destinations<Brand>(
     });
     return containing.length === 0 ? target.declarations : containing;
   };
+  /** Whether a type names a type parameter, through constituents, type arguments and call signatures. */
+  const mentions = (type: Type, parameter: Type, depth: number): boolean => {
+    // A conditional type an alias names, `Awaited<T>` among them, carries its arguments
+    // only on the alias the client's type object reports.
+    const aliased = (type as { readonly aliasTypeArguments?: readonly number[] })
+      .aliasTypeArguments;
+    if (type.id === parameter.id || aliased?.includes(parameter.id) === true) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (depth >= MENTION_DEPTH) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const inner = [
+      ...(type.isUnionType() || type.isIntersectionType() ? must(queries.constituents(type)) : []),
+      ...must(queries.typeArguments(type)),
+      ...must(queries.signaturesOf(type, SignatureKind.Call)).flatMap((signature) => [
+        ...signature.parameters.map((_parameter, at) =>
+          must(queries.typeAtPosition(signature, at)),
+        ),
+        ...[must(queries.returnTypeOf(signature))].filter((one) => one !== undefined),
+      ]),
+    ];
+    return inner.some((one) => mentions(one, parameter, depth + 1));
+  };
   const erasedArguments = new Map<CallExpression, ReadonlySet<number>>();
   const erasedAt = (call: CallExpression, argument: number): boolean => {
     let indexes = erasedArguments.get(call);
@@ -577,8 +767,32 @@ function destinations<Brand>(
           ? []
           : must(queries.signaturesOf(type, SignatureKind.Call))
         : [resolvedOf(call)].filter((one) => one !== undefined);
+      // A type parameter of the callee that nothing constrains and its result does not name
+      // keeps nothing of the value either: the instantiated signature names the value's own
+      // type there instead, and a result that names it hands the value back.
+      const generic = invoked.indirect ? undefined : resolvedOf(call);
+      const declared = generic === undefined ? undefined : must(queries.genericOf(generic));
+      const unconstrained = (index: number): boolean => {
+        const parameter =
+          declared === undefined ? undefined : must(queries.parameterType(declared, index));
+        const parts =
+          parameter === undefined
+            ? []
+            : parameter.isUnionType()
+              ? must(queries.constituents(parameter))
+              : [parameter];
+        const result = declared === undefined ? undefined : must(queries.returnTypeOf(declared));
+        return parts.some((part) => {
+          if (!part.isTypeParameter() || (result !== undefined && mentions(result, part, 0))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          const constraint = must(queries.constraintOf(part));
+          return constraint === undefined || (constraint.flags & ERASED) !== 0;
+        });
+      };
       indexes = new Set(
         invoked.arguments.flatMap((_unused, index) =>
+          unconstrained(index) ||
           signatures.some((signature) => {
             const parameter = must(queries.parameterType(signature, index));
             return parameter !== undefined && (parameter.flags & ERASED) !== 0;
@@ -623,6 +837,9 @@ function destinations<Brand>(
     return undefined;
   };
 
+  for (const parameter of enumeratedParameters(project, erased)) {
+    forwards.set(keyOf(parameter), "properties");
+  }
   const forwarded = handedOn(project, walked.sites, erased, invocation);
   for (let moved = true; moved;) {
     moved = false;
@@ -725,6 +942,19 @@ function flowsOf<Brand>(
           },
         ];
   });
+  const generic = typeParameterFlows(
+    project,
+    reach,
+    sites,
+    arguments_.flatMap((one) => {
+      const type = typeOf.get(one.value);
+      const parameters = type === undefined ? [] : typeParametersOf(project, type, 0);
+      const destination = parameters.length === 0 ? undefined : to.at(one.site.call, one.argument);
+      return destination === undefined
+        ? []
+        : parameters.map((parameter) => ({ parameter, to: destination }));
+    }),
+  );
   const left = stores.outside.flatMap((store) => {
     const reached = reach.reachedFrom(store.type);
     return reached.classes.size === 0 && reached.members.length === 0
@@ -739,7 +969,178 @@ function flowsOf<Brand>(
           },
         ];
   });
-  return [...passed, ...left];
+  return [...passed, ...generic, ...left];
+}
+
+/** The type parameters one type names, through constituents and type arguments. */
+function typeParametersOf<Brand>(project: ProjectView<Brand>, type: Type, depth: number): Type[] {
+  if (type.isTypeParameter()) {
+    return [type];
+  }
+  if (depth >= MENTION_DEPTH) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  const { queries } = project;
+  return [
+    ...(type.isUnionType() || type.isIntersectionType() ? must(queries.constituents(type)) : []),
+    ...must(queries.typeArguments(type)),
+  ].flatMap((one) => typeParametersOf(project, one, depth + 1));
+}
+
+/**
+ * The type parameters one type names, by identifier: through constituents, type arguments,
+ * an alias's arguments and the parameters and results of its call signatures, so a callback
+ * parameter's result names the parameter its callee's result does.
+ */
+function namedTypeParameters<Brand>(
+  project: ProjectView<Brand>,
+  type: Type,
+  depth: number,
+): readonly number[] {
+  const { queries } = project;
+  const aliased = (type as { readonly aliasTypeArguments?: readonly number[] }).aliasTypeArguments;
+  if (type.isTypeParameter()) {
+    return [type.id];
+  }
+  if (depth >= MENTION_DEPTH) {
+    return aliased ?? [];
+  }
+  return [
+    ...(aliased ?? []),
+    ...[
+      ...(type.isUnionType() || type.isIntersectionType() ? must(queries.constituents(type)) : []),
+      ...must(queries.typeArguments(type)),
+      ...must(queries.signaturesOf(type, SignatureKind.Call)).flatMap((signature) => [
+        ...signature.parameters.flatMap((_parameter, at) => [
+          must(queries.typeAtPosition(signature, at)),
+        ]),
+        ...[must(queries.returnTypeOf(signature))].filter((one) => one !== undefined),
+      ]),
+    ].flatMap((one) => namedTypeParameters(project, one, depth + 1)),
+  ];
+}
+
+/**
+ * The types an instantiated type puts where a declared type names `parameter`: matched
+ * through type arguments, and in a union every constituent the declared union does not
+ * itself name.
+ */
+function bound<Brand>(
+  project: ProjectView<Brand>,
+  declared: Type,
+  instantiated: Type,
+  parameter: Type,
+  depth: number,
+): Type[] {
+  if (declared.id === parameter.id) {
+    return [instantiated];
+  }
+  if (depth >= MENTION_DEPTH) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  const { queries } = project;
+  if (declared.isUnionType()) {
+    const parts = must(queries.constituents(declared));
+    if (parts.some((part) => part.id === parameter.id)) {
+      const kept = new Set(parts.map((part) => part.id));
+      const given = instantiated.isUnionType()
+        ? must(queries.constituents(instantiated))
+        : [instantiated];
+      return given.filter((part) => !kept.has(part.id));
+    }
+  }
+  const declaredArguments = must(queries.typeArguments(declared));
+  const givenArguments = must(queries.typeArguments(instantiated));
+  return declaredArguments.length !== givenArguments.length
+    ? []
+    : declaredArguments.flatMap((one, at) => {
+        const given = givenArguments[at];
+        return given === undefined ? [] : bound(project, one, given, parameter, depth + 1);
+      });
+}
+
+/**
+ * The flows a type parameter of a function of the project carries where a value its type
+ * names reaches a destination: each call of the function passes its type argument there,
+ * written or inferred from the arguments, and a type argument that is a type parameter
+ * of the calling function is followed on to that function's calls, to a fixpoint.
+ */
+function typeParameterFlows<Brand>(
+  project: ProjectView<Brand>,
+  reach: ReturnType<typeof valueReach>,
+  sites: readonly Site[],
+  pending: { readonly parameter: Type; readonly to: Destination }[],
+): readonly Flow[] {
+  const { queries } = project;
+  const byName = new Map<string, Site[]>();
+  for (const site of sites) {
+    const name = calleeName(site.call.expression)?.getText();
+    if (name !== undefined) {
+      byName.set(name, [...(byName.get(name) ?? []), site]);
+    }
+  }
+  const found: Flow[] = [];
+  const seen = new Set<number>();
+  for (let next = pending.pop(); next !== undefined; next = pending.pop()) {
+    const { parameter, to } = next;
+    if (seen.has(parameter.id)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    seen.add(parameter.id);
+    const symbol = must(queries.symbolOfType(parameter));
+    const [handle] = symbol?.declarations ?? [];
+    const declaration = handle === undefined ? undefined : project.declarationAt(handle)?.node;
+    const fn = declaration?.parent;
+    const index =
+      fn === undefined || !isFunctionLikeDeclaration(fn)
+        ? -1
+        : (fn.typeParameters ?? []).findIndex((one) => one === declaration);
+    const name =
+      fn === undefined
+        ? undefined
+        : isMethodDeclaration(fn) && isIdentifier(fn.name)
+          ? fn.name.text
+          : nestedName(fn);
+    if (symbol === undefined || fn === undefined || index < 0 || name === undefined) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    for (const site of byName.get(name) ?? []) {
+      const resolved = must(queries.resolvedSignature(site.call));
+      const declared = resolved === undefined ? undefined : must(queries.genericOf(resolved));
+      const called =
+        declared?.declaration === undefined
+          ? undefined
+          : project.declarationAt(declared.declaration)?.node;
+      if (resolved === undefined || declared === undefined || called !== fn) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const written = site.call.typeArguments?.[index];
+      const given =
+        written === undefined
+          ? site.call.arguments.flatMap((_argument, at) => {
+              const from = must(queries.parameterType(declared, at));
+              const into = must(queries.parameterType(resolved, at));
+              return from === undefined || into === undefined
+                ? []
+                : bound(project, from, into, parameter, 0);
+            })
+          : typesAt(project, [written]).filter((type) => type !== undefined);
+      for (const type of given) {
+        const reached = reach.reachedFrom(type);
+        if (reached.classes.size > 0 || reached.members.length > 0) {
+          found.push({
+            site: site.call,
+            classes: reached.classes,
+            members: reached.members,
+            to,
+            detail: `passed to ${to.callee} through the type parameter ${symbol.name}`,
+          });
+        }
+        pending.push(...typeParametersOf(project, type, 0).map((one) => ({ parameter: one, to })));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return found;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -775,6 +1176,11 @@ export function serializationContract<Brand>(input: DetectorInput<Brand>): reado
     (flags & SymbolFlags.Property) !== 0 ||
     ((flags & CONVERSION_MEMBERS) !== 0 &&
       (name === SERIALIZED_CONVERSION || (to.reach === "conversions" && CONVERSIONS.has(name))));
+  // The receiver reads only what the program wrote, so a data member holds while written.
+  const evidence = (id: string, flags: SymbolFlags, detail: string, site: Position): Evidence =>
+    (flags & SymbolFlags.Property) !== 0 && !walked.initialized.has(id)
+      ? { id, detail, site, whileWritten: true }
+      : { id, detail, site };
   const found: Evidence[] = [];
   for (const flow of flows) {
     const site = renderPosition(flow.site.getSourceFile(), targetRoot, flow.site.getStart());
@@ -783,16 +1189,402 @@ export function serializationContract<Brand>(input: DetectorInput<Brand>): reado
       const symbol = byId.get(member.id);
       const name = symbol === undefined ? "" : (memberComponent(symbol, byId) ?? "");
       if (holdsBack(member.flags, name, flow.to)) {
-        found.push({ id: member.id, detail, site });
+        found.push(evidence(member.id, member.flags, detail, site));
       }
     }
     for (const member of flow.members) {
       if (holdsBack(member.flags, member.name, flow.to)) {
         for (const id of chains.declarationsOf(member)) {
-          found.push({ id, detail, site });
+          found.push(evidence(id, member.flags, detail, site));
         }
       }
     }
   }
   return found;
 }
+
+/** The data members the decodes and copies of a project's production code fill. */
+export interface Decoded {
+  /**
+   * Those a generic declared outside the analysis fills, which it may read, and those of
+   * a value another call or a property types `any` or `unknown`, whose maker it cannot see.
+   */
+  readonly filled: readonly string[];
+  /** Those a `JSON.parse` call of the standard library fills. */
+  readonly parsed: readonly string[];
+  /** Those a spread or `Object.assign` copies from a value whose type has a member of the name. */
+  readonly copied: readonly string[];
+  /** Every data member of the project, where the checker left a question unanswered. */
+  readonly unanswered: readonly string[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * The data members the decodes and copies of `files` fill, as {@link Decoded} names them.
+ * A generic declared outside the analysis, or only ambiently, fills the type that a type
+ * parameter of its own no parameter names binds, where the awaited result carries that
+ * type through its data members rather than only naming it, as a store's methods do: no
+ * argument hands the value over, so it fills it where the analysis cannot see, and may
+ * read it. Where the checker leaves a question unanswered, every data member is `unanswered`.
+ */
+export function decodedMembers<Brand>(
+  project: ProjectView<Brand>,
+  held: Inventory,
+  files: readonly SourceFile[],
+  consumers: readonly string[],
+): Decoded {
+  try {
+    return { ...decodedOf(project, held, files, consumers), unanswered: [] };
+  } catch (error: unknown) {
+    if (!(error instanceof Unanswerable)) {
+      throw error;
+    }
+    return {
+      filled: [],
+      parsed: [],
+      copied: [],
+      unanswered: held.symbols
+        .filter((symbol) => symbol.kind === "class-member" || symbol.kind === "type-member")
+        .map((symbol) => symbol.id),
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+function decodedOf<Brand>(
+  project: ProjectView<Brand>,
+  held: Inventory,
+  files: readonly SourceFile[],
+  consumers: readonly string[],
+): Omit<Decoded, "unanswered"> {
+  const { queries } = project;
+  const own = project.ownPaths();
+  const inAnalysis = (path: string): boolean =>
+    own.has(path) || consumers.some((root) => path === root || path.startsWith(`${root}/`));
+  const calls: CallExpression[] = [];
+  const untyped: Expression[] = [];
+  const spreads: SpreadAssignment[] = [];
+  const noteRead = (node: Expression): void => {
+    const at = readAs(node);
+    if (at.tops.length > 0 || at.asserted.length > 0) {
+      untyped.push(node);
+    }
+  };
+  const visit = (node: Node): void => {
+    if (isCallExpression(node)) {
+      calls.push(node);
+      noteRead(node);
+    } else if (isPropertyAccessExpression(node) || isElementAccessExpression(node)) {
+      noteRead(node);
+    } else if (isSpreadAssignment(node)) {
+      spreads.push(node);
+    }
+    node.forEachChild(visit);
+  };
+  for (const file of files) {
+    file.forEachChild(visit);
+  }
+  const filled: { readonly carried: Type; readonly types: readonly Type[] }[] = [];
+  const resolved = queries.resolvedSignatures(calls).map(must);
+  for (const signature of resolved) {
+    const declared =
+      signature?.target === undefined ? undefined : must(queries.genericOf(signature));
+    const declaration = declared?.declaration;
+    const generic = declared?.typeParameters ?? [];
+    if (signature === undefined || declared === undefined || generic.length === 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const node = declaration === undefined ? undefined : project.declarationAt(declaration)?.node;
+    if (
+      declaration === undefined ||
+      (inAnalysis(declaration.path) &&
+        (node === undefined || (node.flags & NodeFlags.Ambient) === 0))
+    ) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const result = must(queries.returnTypeOf(declared));
+    const given = must(queries.returnTypeOf(signature));
+    if (result === undefined || given === undefined) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const passed = new Set(
+      declared.parameters.flatMap((_parameter, at) => {
+        const type = must(queries.parameterType(declared, at));
+        return type === undefined ? [] : namedTypeParameters(project, type, 0);
+      }),
+    );
+    const types = typeParametersOf(project, result, 0)
+      .filter((parameter) => generic.includes(parameter.id) && !passed.has(parameter.id))
+      .flatMap((parameter) => bound(project, result, given, parameter, 0));
+    if (types.length > 0) {
+      filled.push({ carried: awaited(project, given), types });
+    }
+  }
+  const read = readTypes(project, untyped);
+  const copies = copiedNames(project, spreads, calls);
+  if (
+    filled.length === 0 &&
+    read.parsed.length === 0 &&
+    read.made.length === 0 &&
+    copies.length === 0
+  ) {
+    return { filled: [], parsed: [], copied: [] };
+  }
+  const reach = valueReach(project, held);
+  const chains = aliasChains(project, held);
+  const members = (type: Type): readonly string[] => {
+    const reached = reach.reachedFrom(type);
+    const ofClasses = classMembers(project, held, reached.classes, "instance");
+    return [
+      ...[...reached.classes].flatMap((id) =>
+        (ofClasses.get(id) ?? []).flatMap((member) =>
+          (member.flags & SymbolFlags.Property) !== 0 ? [member.id] : [],
+        ),
+      ),
+      ...reached.members.flatMap((member) =>
+        (member.flags & SymbolFlags.Property) !== 0 ? chains.declarationsOf(member) : [],
+      ),
+    ];
+  };
+  return {
+    filled: [
+      ...new Set([
+        ...filled.flatMap(({ carried, types }) => {
+          const carries = new Set(members(carried));
+          return types.flatMap((type) => members(type).filter((id) => carries.has(id)));
+        }),
+        ...read.made.flatMap(members),
+      ]),
+    ],
+    parsed: [...new Set(read.parsed.flatMap(members))],
+    copied: [
+      ...new Set(
+        copies.flatMap(({ into, names }) =>
+          must(queries.constituents(into)).flatMap((part) =>
+            must(queries.propertiesOf(part)).flatMap((property) =>
+              (property.flags & SymbolFlags.Property) !== 0 && names.has(property.name)
+                ? chains.declarationsOf(property)
+                : [],
+            ),
+          ),
+        ),
+      ),
+    ],
+  };
+}
+
+/** Where a value is read as a type: the assertions around it, and the positions it is written in. */
+interface ReadAs {
+  /** The type nodes of the `as` and angle-bracket assertions around the value. */
+  readonly asserted: readonly Node[];
+  /** The outermost expressions whose contextual types the value is read as. */
+  readonly tops: readonly Expression[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Where one value is read as a type: each `as` and angle-bracket assertion around it,
+ * through parentheses, `await` and `!`, and the outermost expression unless a statement
+ * of its own or the object or callee of a further access holds it. A `satisfies` check
+ * is stepped through and types nothing, its expression's type being its operand's. A
+ * callback's result is read as well where the call taking the callback is, which may
+ * hand it on inside its result, as `map` does.
+ */
+function readAs(value: Expression, depth = 0): ReadAs {
+  const asserted: Node[] = [];
+  let at: Expression = value;
+  for (;;) {
+    const parent = at.parent;
+    if (isAsExpression(parent) || isTypeAssertion(parent)) {
+      asserted.push(parent.type);
+    } else if (
+      !isParenthesizedExpression(parent) &&
+      !isAwaitExpression(parent) &&
+      !isNonNullExpression(parent) &&
+      !isSatisfiesExpression(parent)
+    ) {
+      break;
+    }
+    at = parent;
+  }
+  const parent = at.parent;
+  const unused =
+    isExpressionStatement(parent) ||
+    ((isPropertyAccessExpression(parent) ||
+      isElementAccessExpression(parent) ||
+      isCallExpression(parent)) &&
+      parent.expression === at);
+  const call = depth < MENTION_DEPTH ? callTaking(at) : undefined;
+  const outer = call === undefined ? undefined : readAs(call, depth + 1);
+  return {
+    asserted: [...asserted, ...(outer?.asserted ?? [])],
+    tops: [...(unused ? [] : [at]), ...(outer?.tops ?? [])],
+  };
+}
+
+/** The call one value is returned to as a callback's result, an argument of that call. */
+function callTaking(value: Expression): CallExpression | undefined {
+  const parent = value.parent;
+  let callback: Node | undefined;
+  if (isArrowFunction(parent) && parent.body === value) {
+    callback = parent;
+  } else if (isReturnStatement(parent)) {
+    let at: Node = parent.parent;
+    while (!isFunctionLikeDeclaration(at) && !isSourceFile(at)) {
+      at = at.parent;
+    }
+    callback = isArrowFunction(at) || isFunctionExpression(at) ? at : undefined;
+  }
+  let at = callback?.parent;
+  while (at !== undefined && isParenthesizedExpression(at)) {
+    at = at.parent;
+  }
+  return at !== undefined && isCallExpression(at) && at.expression !== callback ? at : undefined;
+}
+
+/** The global the standard library declares one name of `JSON` or `Object` as. */
+function standardGlobal(callee: Expression, global: string, name: string): Node | undefined {
+  return isPropertyAccessExpression(callee) &&
+    isIdentifier(callee.expression) &&
+    callee.expression.text === global &&
+    callee.name.text === name
+    ? callee.expression
+    : undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The types each value of `values` typed `any` or `unknown` is read as ({@link readAs}):
+ * `parsed` for a `JSON.parse` call of the standard library, `made` for any other call or
+ * property, whose maker the analysis cannot see. `JSON` must be the standard library's
+ * global.
+ */
+function readTypes<Brand>(
+  project: ProjectView<Brand>,
+  values: readonly Expression[],
+): { readonly parsed: readonly Type[]; readonly made: readonly Type[] } {
+  if (values.length === 0) {
+    return { parsed: [], made: [] };
+  }
+  const own = project.ownPaths();
+  const parses = values.map((value) =>
+    isCallExpression(value) ? standardGlobal(value.expression, "JSON", "parse") : undefined,
+  );
+  const globals = parses.flatMap((global) => (global === undefined ? [] : [global]));
+  const standard = new Set(
+    project
+      .symbolsAt(globals.map((global) => project.handle(global)))
+      .map(must)
+      .flatMap((symbol, at) =>
+        symbol?.declarations.every((handle) => !own.has(handle.path)) === true ? [globals[at]] : [],
+      ),
+  );
+  // An `await` around the value reads the value it resolves to.
+  const valueTypes = typesAt(
+    project,
+    values.map((value) => (isAwaitExpression(value.parent) ? value.parent : value)),
+  );
+  const sites = values.flatMap((value, at) => {
+    const parse = parses[at];
+    const parsed = parse !== undefined && standard.has(parse);
+    const type = valueTypes[at];
+    const untyped = type !== undefined && (type.flags & (TypeFlags.Any | TypeFlags.Unknown)) !== 0;
+    return parsed || untyped ? [{ ...readAs(value), parsed }] : [];
+  });
+  // Each type node and each outermost expression, with whether a `JSON.parse` call is read as it.
+  const typed = sites.flatMap((site) =>
+    site.asserted.map((node) => ({ node, parsed: site.parsed })),
+  );
+  const placed = sites.flatMap((site) => site.tops.map((node) => ({ node, parsed: site.parsed })));
+  const read = [
+    ...typesAt(
+      project,
+      typed.map((one) => one.node),
+    ).map((type, at) => ({ type, parsed: typed[at]?.parsed })),
+    ...project.queries
+      .contextualTypes(placed.map((one) => one.node))
+      .map(must)
+      .map((type, at) => ({ type, parsed: placed[at]?.parsed })),
+  ];
+  const typesWhere = (parsed: boolean): Type[] =>
+    read.flatMap((one) => (one.type !== undefined && one.parsed === parsed ? [one.type] : []));
+  return { parsed: typesWhere(true), made: typesWhere(false) };
+}
+
+/**
+ * The copies the spreads and calls of `files` make: for each spread in an object literal,
+ * the type the literal is read as, and for each `Object.assign` call of the standard
+ * library, its first argument's type, with the member names of the copied values' types.
+ */
+function copiedNames<Brand>(
+  project: ProjectView<Brand>,
+  spreads: readonly SpreadAssignment[],
+  calls: readonly CallExpression[],
+): readonly { readonly into: Type; readonly names: ReadonlySet<string> }[] {
+  const own = project.ownPaths();
+  const assigns = calls.flatMap((call) => {
+    const global = standardGlobal(call.expression, "Object", "assign");
+    const [target, ...sources] = call.arguments;
+    return global === undefined || target === undefined || sources.length === 0
+      ? []
+      : [{ global, target, sources: sources.filter((source) => !isSpreadElement(source)) }];
+  });
+  const standard = project
+    .symbolsAt(assigns.map((one) => project.handle(one.global)))
+    .map(must)
+    .map((symbol) => symbol?.declarations.every((handle) => !own.has(handle.path)) === true);
+  const assigned = assigns.filter((_one, at) => standard[at] === true);
+  const literals = spreads.flatMap((spread) =>
+    isObjectLiteralExpression(spread.parent)
+      ? [{ literal: spread.parent, source: spread.expression }]
+      : [],
+  );
+  const contexts = project.queries.contextualTypes(literals.map((one) => one.literal)).map(must);
+  const targets = typesAt(
+    project,
+    assigned.map((one) => one.target),
+  );
+  const spreadTypes = typesAt(
+    project,
+    literals.map((one) => one.source),
+  );
+  const sourceTypes = assigned.map((one) => typesAt(project, one.sources));
+  const namesOf = (types: readonly (Type | undefined)[]): ReadonlySet<string> =>
+    new Set(
+      types.flatMap((type) =>
+        type === undefined
+          ? []
+          : must(project.queries.propertiesOf(type)).map((property) => property.name),
+      ),
+    );
+  const found: { readonly into: Type; readonly names: ReadonlySet<string> }[] = [];
+  const add = (into: Type | undefined, names: ReadonlySet<string>): void => {
+    if (into !== undefined && names.size > 0) {
+      found.push({ into, names });
+    }
+  };
+  contexts.forEach((into, at) => {
+    add(into, namesOf([spreadTypes[at]]));
+  });
+  targets.forEach((into, at) => {
+    add(into, namesOf(sourceTypes[at] ?? []));
+  });
+  return found;
+}
+
+/** The value a promise of the standard library resolves to, through nested promises. */
+function awaited<Brand>(project: ProjectView<Brand>, type: Type): Type {
+  const { queries } = project;
+  let at = type;
+  for (let depth = 0; depth < MENTION_DEPTH; depth += 1) {
+    const symbol = must(queries.symbolOfType(at));
+    const [inner] = must(queries.typeArguments(at));
+    const standard =
+      symbol !== undefined &&
+      PROMISES.has(symbol.name) &&
+      symbol.declarations.every(
+        (handle) => project.program.getSourceFileMetadata(handle.path)?.isDefaultLibrary === true,
+      );
+    if (!standard || inner === undefined) {
+      break;
+    }
+    at = inner;
+  }
+  return at;
+}