@cotal-ai/core 0.86.0 → 0.88.0

package/dist/endpoint.js

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { createConnection } from "node:net";
 import { connect, credsAuthenticator, headers, tokenAuthenticator, nanos, millis, AuthorizationError, PermissionViolationError, UserAuthenticationExpiredError, NoRespondersError, RequestError, TimeoutError, ClosedConnectionError, } from "@nats-io/transport-node";
 import { wsconnect } from "@nats-io/nats-core";
 import { parseLivenessAnswer, responderFromLease, responderFromProbe, isLivenessPlane, LIVENESS_PLANES, } from "./liveness.js";
+import { processRuntime } from "./process-runtime.js";
 import { credsClaims, credsFingerprint, credsRenewalDelayMs, idFromCreds } from "./identity.js";
 import { requireBrokerFloor } from "./broker-floor.js";
 import { withDeadline } from "./deadline.js";
@@ -14,8 +15,8 @@ import { EpEnvelopeError, respondedButUnbound, replyRefusedBeforeEffect, replyTa
 import { isRepeatSafeCommand } from "./endpoint-grants.js";
 import { assertIdToken, assertGeneration } from "./endpoint-subjects.js";
 import { readAcceptedRow } from "./issued-authority.js";
-import { liveKvEntries } from "./kv-scan.js";
-import { isJetStreamMissing } from "./jetstream-missing.js";
+import { lastKvEntries, liveKvEntries } from "./kv-scan.js";
+import { isConsumerAlreadyExists, isConsumerNotFound, isJetStreamMissing } from "./jetstream-missing.js";
 import { ARTIFACT_PART_KIND, isArtifactPart } from "./artifact.js";
 import { assertValidName } from "./resolve.js";
 import { EVICT_PRINCIPALS_MAX } from "./evict.js";
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ import { openMembersRegistry, commitMember, tombstoneMember, activateMember, rea
 import { openAclRegistry, readAcl, readAclForAlias, aclRetired, AmbiguousAclAlias, commitAcl as writeAclRecord, reissueAcl as writeAclReissue } from "./acls.js";
 import { openDeliveryRegistry } from "./lease.js";
 import { openChannelRegistry, effectiveReplay, effectiveReplayWindowMs, effectiveDeliveryClass, readChannelConfig, readChannelDefaults, decodeChannelEntry, } from "./channels.js";
-import { anycastSubject, assertValidRole, CHANNEL_DEFAULTS_KEY, chatStream, chatHistDurable, chatSubject, controlServiceSubject, livenessSubject, livenessServeFilter, CONTROL_DELIVERY, CONTROL_DELIVERY_ADMIN, dmStream, dmDurable, dlvStream, dlvDurable, dlvSubject, dinboxSubject, inboxStream, parseDinboxPrincipal, FANOUT_DURABLE, INBOX_READER_DURABLE, leaseKey, managerBucket, MANAGER_LEASE_KEY, MANAGER_RENEWAL_LEASE_KEY, managerLeaseKey, chatWildcard, assertValidChannel, channelInAllow, isConcreteChannel, normalizeMentions, parseSubject, isPrincipalOwnerToken, assertInboxConnId, presenceBucket, membershipBucket, MEMBERSHIP_FEED_KEY, principalKey, parsePrincipalKey, assertLifecycleToken, mintLifecycleUid, lifecycleNameKey, DEV_OWNER, spacePrefix, spaceWildcard, subjectMatches, taskStream, taskDurable, token, unicastSubject, unicastRecvFilter, } from "./subjects.js";
+import { anycastSubject, assertValidRole, CHANNEL_DEFAULTS_KEY, chatStream, chatHistDurable, chatSubject, historyReaderConsumer, calloutReaderId, HISTORY_READERS, controlServiceSubject, livenessSubject, livenessServeFilter, CONTROL_DELIVERY, CONTROL_DELIVERY_ADMIN, dmStream, dmDurable, dlvStream, dlvDurable, dlvSubject, dinboxSubject, inboxStream, parseDinboxPrincipal, FANOUT_DURABLE, INBOX_READER_DURABLE, leaseKey, managerBucket, MANAGER_LEASE_KEY, MANAGER_RENEWAL_LEASE_KEY, managerLeaseKey, chatWildcard, assertValidChannel, channelInAllow, isConcreteChannel, normalizeMentions, parseSubject, isPrincipalOwnerToken, assertInboxConnId, presenceBucket, membershipBucket, MEMBERSHIP_FEED_KEY, principalKey, parsePrincipalKey, assertLifecycleToken, mintLifecycleUid, lifecycleNameKey, DEV_OWNER, spacePrefix, spaceWildcard, subjectMatches, taskStream, taskDurable, token, unicastSubject, unicastRecvFilter, } from "./subjects.js";
 import { isPermissionDenied } from "./permission-denied.js";
 export { isPermissionDenied };
 export const DEFAULT_SERVER = "nats://127.0.0.1:4222";
@@ -55,6 +56,11 @@ export const MULTI_FILTER_BATCH = 1_000;
  *  issuing one read per channel: a space large enough to need batches must not get the fan-out back
  *  under another name. */
 export const MULTI_FILTER_READ_CONCURRENCY = 4;
+/** A history reader's inactive threshold. It bounds only a reader whose delete never ran (its link
+ *  dropped, or its process stopped), because every read deletes its readers when it ends. Five
+ *  minutes is what the nats.js ordered consumers it replaces carried, and it keeps a reader alive
+ *  across the gap between pulls on a slow link. */
+const HISTORY_READER_INACTIVE_MS = 5 * 60_000;
 /** A presence bucket that has refused consecutive writes for at least one full presence TTL.
  * The condition is non-transient: ordinary heartbeat retry has already failed for the whole
  * liveness window, so callers should report the roster as last-known until a write succeeds. */
@@ -161,6 +167,7 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
     doRegister;
     doWatch;
     doWatchChannels;
+    readOnce;
     doConsume;
     ackWaitMs;
     inactiveThresholdMs;
@@ -262,9 +269,12 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
      *  EXPECTED async permission violation that joinChannel turns into a clean throw, so watchStatus
      *  suppresses it rather than surfacing a spurious connection error. */
     confirmingChatSubs = new Set();
-    /** `$JS.API.CONSUMER.DELETE.<stream>.<prefix>_` for each of this connection's own KV watches,
-     *  running membership scans and running history reads (see {@link recordOwnWatchConsumer}). */
+    /** `$JS.API.CONSUMER.DELETE.<stream>.<prefix>_` for each of this connection's own KV watches and
+     *  running membership scans (see {@link recordOwnWatchConsumer}). */
     ownWatchDeletePrefixes = new Set();
+    /** Per stream, the history-reader names of this connection's current reader id and the reads
+     *  waiting for one (see {@link acquireHistoryReader}). */
+    historyReaderSlots = new Map();
     /** True until the first successful connect completes its boot backfill — distinguishes first-connect
      *  (backfill the boot channels' history) from a reconnect (reopen the core-subs, no re-backfill).
      *  Persists across reconnect (NOT connection-scoped). Replaces the legacy chat-durable consumed-cursor
@@ -547,6 +557,9 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
         this.doWatch = opts.watchPresence ?? true;
         this.doWatchChannels = opts.watchChannels ?? true;
         this.doConsume = opts.consume ?? true;
+        this.readOnce = opts.readOnce ?? false;
+        if (this.readOnce && (this.doConsume || this.doRegister))
+            throw new Error("EndpointOptions.readOnce requires consume and registerPresence false: a one-time read cannot keep a consumer's channel cache or its own presence current");
         // Seed the presence mirror so file-default channel modes are visible from the first publish
         // (not only after the first runtime toggle). Mirror only — delivery reads the connector's state.
         this.channelModes = opts.channelModes && Object.keys(opts.channelModes).length ? opts.channelModes : undefined;
@@ -1082,7 +1095,9 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
                 ? await kvm.open(presenceBucket(this.space))
                 : await kvm.create(presenceBucket(this.space), { ttl: this.ttlMs, storage: PRESENCE_STORAGE });
         }
-        if (this.doWatch) {
+        if (this.doWatch && this.readOnce)
+            await this.readPresenceOnce();
+        else if (this.doWatch) {
             await this.startPresenceWatch();
             this.sweepTimer = setInterval(() => this.sweep(), Math.max(500, Math.floor(this.ttlMs / 3)));
         }
@@ -1095,7 +1110,7 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
         if (watchChannels || this.doConsume) {
             this.channelKv = await openChannelRegistry(this.nc, this.space, { create: !this.authed });
             if (watchChannels)
-                await this.startChannelWatch();
+                await (this.readOnce ? this.readChannelsOnce() : this.startChannelWatch());
         }
         // Rebind the daemon's lease-loss watch onto the fresh connection (#1596). The intent survived
         // clearConnectionScoped; a bind that completes after a stop or another rebuild finds the epoch
@@ -2774,16 +2789,16 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
         watch.resolveStop = undefined;
         watch.rejectStop = undefined;
     }
-    /** Record the consumer behind one of this connection's own KV watches, membership scans or history
-     *  reads, and return the delete-subject prefix it recorded. nats.js names it `<prefix>_<serial>` and,
+    /** Record the consumer behind one of this connection's own KV watches or membership scans, and
+     *  return the delete-subject prefix it recorded. nats.js names it `<prefix>_<serial>` and,
      *  rebuilding it after a stall or a sequence gap, deletes the predecessor itself with no hook before
      *  the send, so a profile without the delete row (#691) has that delete refused. A stalled link can
      *  time that delete out before its refusal arrives, and nats.js then hands the refusal to no request,
      *  so {@link trackRequestDenials} cannot own it and the consumer's name has to. A watch's prefix
      *  stays recorded for the connection because a retired watch's last rebuild can be refused after
-     *  the watch has stopped; {@link readMembership} and {@link drainWindow} retire theirs after their own
-     *  last delete, which goes out once nats.js has stopped the consumer and so is answered after every
-     *  predecessor delete. */
+     *  the watch has stopped; {@link readMembership} retires its scan's after its own last delete,
+     *  which goes out once nats.js has stopped the consumer and so is answered after every predecessor
+     *  delete. */
     recordOwnWatchConsumer({ stream_name, name }) {
         const prefix = `$JS.API.CONSUMER.DELETE.${stream_name}.${name.slice(0, name.lastIndexOf("_") + 1)}`;
         this.ownWatchDeletePrefixes.add(prefix);
@@ -2794,9 +2809,9 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
         const cut = subject.lastIndexOf("_") + 1;
         return /^\d+$/.test(subject.slice(cut)) && this.ownWatchDeletePrefixes.has(subject.slice(0, cut));
     }
-    /** Delete one of this connection's own ephemeral consumers, a history reader's or a KV watch's. A
-     *  refused delete is the designed outcome for a profile without a stream-wide CONSUMER.DELETE
-     *  (#691): the broker reaps the consumer at its inactive threshold. */
+    /** Delete one of this connection's own KV-watch consumers. A refused delete is the designed
+     *  outcome for a profile without a stream-wide CONSUMER.DELETE (#691): the broker reaps the
+     *  consumer at its inactive threshold. */
     async deleteOwnConsumer(consumer) {
         try {
             await consumer.delete();
@@ -3090,8 +3105,10 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
             throw new Error(`history limit must be a whole number of messages this server can count exactly, received ${limit}`);
         if (limit <= 0)
             return [];
-        const js = jetstream(this.nc);
+        const nc = this.nc;
+        let reader;
         try {
+            reader = await this.acquireHistoryReader(nc, this.jsm ?? (this.jsm = await jetstreamManager(nc)), stream, signal);
             // THE EXACT CEILING, on the already-granted surface. A one-shot consumer with
             // `DeliverPolicy.Last` plus this subject's filter reports the newest MATCHING sequence, and its
             // `num_pending` of zero means the channel is genuinely empty. Using the STREAM's last sequence
@@ -3102,7 +3119,7 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
             // Deliberately NOT `getMessage({ last_by_subj })`, which would be the obvious way to ask: it
             // needs `$JS.API.STREAM.MSG.GET`, which read credentials do not hold. That grant hole already
             // shipped once from this function and turned every non-admin history read into an empty list.
-            const ceiling = before !== undefined ? before - 1 : await this.lastMatchingSeq(js, stream, subjects, signal);
+            const ceiling = before !== undefined ? before - 1 : await this.lastMatchingSeq(reader, subjects, signal);
             if (ceiling < 1)
                 return [];
             // Widen from the exact ceiling until a window holds a full page, or until the window IS the
@@ -3144,11 +3161,11 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
             for (;;) {
                 signal?.throwIfAborted();
                 const start = Math.max(floor, ceiling - span + 1);
-                const page = await this.drainWindow(js, stream, subjects, start, ceiling, limit, signal);
+                const page = await this.drainWindow(reader, subjects, start, ceiling, limit, signal);
                 if (page.length >= limit)
                     return page.slice(-limit);
                 if (!floorKnown) {
-                    floor = Math.max(1, await this.firstMatchingSeq(js, stream, subjects, signal));
+                    floor = Math.max(1, await this.firstMatchingSeq(reader, subjects, signal));
                     floorKnown = true;
                 }
                 if (start <= floor)
@@ -3178,13 +3195,175 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
                 return [];
             throw e;
         }
+        finally {
+            if (reader)
+                this.releaseHistoryReader(reader);
+        }
+    }
+    /** This connection's history-reader id, the key of its credential's reader deletes
+     *  ({@link historyReaderConsumer}). A static credential's is its connId, the nkey it signs with.
+     *  Under the auth callout the connId is the inbox nonce this client chose, so the callout keys the
+     *  deletes on {@link calloutReaderId} instead: the server's id and the client id it assigned this
+     *  connection, which the client reads from the server's INFO and does not choose. */
+    historyReaderId(nc) {
+        if (!this.userMode)
+            return this.connId;
+        const info = nc.info;
+        if (!info)
+            throw new Error("history: the server has not sent its INFO, so this connection has no history reader id yet");
+        return calloutReaderId(info.server_id, info.client_id);
+    }
+    /** Take one of this connection's history-reader names on `stream` ({@link historyReaderConsumer})
+     *  for one read. The read holds the name for its whole walk and creates and deletes a consumer
+     *  under it at each step, so this connection keeps at most {@link HISTORY_READERS} reader consumers
+     *  on a stream (#4123). A read past that many waits for a name, and `signal` ends the wait. A
+     *  reconnect under the auth callout changes the reader id, and reads from then on take the new
+     *  id's names. */
+    async acquireHistoryReader(nc, jsm, stream, signal) {
+        for (;;) {
+            signal?.throwIfAborted();
+            const readerId = this.historyReaderId(nc);
+            let pool = this.historyReaderSlots.get(stream);
+            if (pool?.readerId !== readerId) {
+                pool = { readerId, free: Array.from({ length: HISTORY_READERS }, (_, i) => HISTORY_READERS - 1 - i), held: 0, waiting: [], refusedUntil: 0 };
+                this.historyReaderSlots.set(stream, pool);
+            }
+            // A read here would leave one more reader it may not delete, so it fails before creating one.
+            if (pool.refusedUntil > Date.now())
+                throw this.readerDeleteRefused(stream);
+            const slot = pool.free.pop();
+            if (slot !== undefined) {
+                pool.held++;
+                return { nc, js: jetstream(nc), jsm, stream, pool, slot, name: historyReaderConsumer(readerId, slot), held: true, left: false };
+            }
+            // No read here holds a name, so none will come back from one: every name is set aside (see
+            // openHistoryReader and closeHistoryReader). Waiting would hang until those expire.
+            if (pool.held === 0)
+                throw new Error(`history: every history reader name this connection has on ${stream} is set aside, held by a consumer it did not create (another process using the same credential, or one that stopped mid-read) or by a reader it could not confirm deleted; they expire ${HISTORY_READER_INACTIVE_MS / 60_000} minutes after their last use`);
+            const waitOn = pool;
+            await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+                const wake = () => { signal?.removeEventListener("abort", stop); resolve(); };
+                const stop = () => { waitOn.waiting.splice(waitOn.waiting.indexOf(wake), 1); reject(abortReason(signal)); };
+                waitOn.waiting.push(wake);
+                signal?.addEventListener("abort", stop, { once: true });
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    /** Give a read's history-reader name back and wake one read waiting for a name. A name whose
+     *  delete failed is set aside instead. */
+    releaseHistoryReader(reader) {
+        if (!reader.held)
+            return;
+        reader.held = false;
+        const pool = reader.pool;
+        pool.held--;
+        if (!reader.left) {
+            pool.free.push(reader.slot);
+            pool.waiting.shift()?.();
+            return;
+        }
+        this.setAsideHistoryReader(pool, reader.slot);
+        // Every waiter checks again, so one that no running read can now serve fails instead of hanging.
+        if (pool.held === 0)
+            for (const wake of pool.waiting.splice(0))
+                wake();
+    }
+    /** Keep `slot` out of use until a consumer under it would have expired, then free it. */
+    setAsideHistoryReader(pool, slot) {
+        setTimeout(() => { pool.free.push(slot); pool.waiting.shift()?.(); }, HISTORY_READER_INACTIVE_MS).unref();
+    }
+    /** Create the reader consumer for one step of a read, under the read's name. It is a plain pull
+     *  consumer: an nats.js ordered consumer renames itself on every rebuild, and the observer and admin
+     *  credentials may delete only these exact names.
+     *
+     *  Every create carries a fresh description. NATS answers a create whose config equals the existing
+     *  consumer's with that consumer, delivery state and all (measured on nats-server 2.15), and a read
+     *  repeats the same config on the same name. Without the description a reader left under the name
+     *  would come back as if new: a `DeliverPolicy.Last` reader that already delivered its message
+     *  reports nothing pending, which reads as an empty channel. With it, a create on a name in use is
+     *  refused, and a consumer that does not carry this step's description is never used.
+     *
+     *  A consumer already under the name is never deleted, whoever left it: another holder of this
+     *  credential, a process that stopped mid-read, or this endpoint when a delete's answer was lost and
+     *  the name was taken again since. The read moves to a free name, and the taken one stays out of use
+     *  until such a consumer would have expired. */
+    async openHistoryReader(reader, config) {
+        const pool = reader.pool;
+        for (;;) {
+            // A reconnect under the auth callout moved this connection to new reader names, and its
+            // credential may no longer delete this one. Creating under it would leave the reader behind.
+            if (this.historyReaderId(reader.nc) !== pool.readerId)
+                throw new Error(`history: the connection was re-established during the read on ${reader.stream}, so its history reader names changed; the read is not served`);
+            const description = `cotal history read ${randomUUID()}`;
+            let info;
+            try {
+                info = await reader.jsm.consumers.add(reader.stream, {
+                    ...config,
+                    name: reader.name,
+                    description,
+                    ack_policy: AckPolicy.None,
+                    max_deliver: 1,
+                    mem_storage: true,
+                    num_replicas: 1,
+                    inactive_threshold: nanos(HISTORY_READER_INACTIVE_MS),
+                });
+            }
+            catch (e) {
+                if (!isConsumerAlreadyExists(e))
+                    throw e;
+            }
+            if (info?.config.description === description)
+                return reader.js.consumers.getConsumerFromInfo(info);
+            this.setAsideHistoryReader(pool, reader.slot);
+            const next = pool.free.pop();
+            if (next === undefined) {
+                // The read ends holding no name. Every waiter checks again, so one that no running read can
+                // now serve fails instead of hanging.
+                reader.held = false;
+                pool.held--;
+                for (const wake of pool.waiting.splice(0))
+                    wake();
+                throw new Error(`history: reader ${reader.name} on ${reader.stream} is held by a consumer this read did not create, and no other reader name is free`);
+            }
+            reader.slot = next;
+            reader.name = historyReaderConsumer(pool.readerId, next);
+        }
+    }
+    /** Delete the read's reader consumer; already gone is the same outcome. A failed delete may still
+     *  have run with its answer lost, and the name may be taken again before this endpoint could tell,
+     *  so the name is set aside when the read gives it back rather than deleted again later. A refused
+     *  delete means the credential was minted before the observer and admin profiles held their reader
+     *  deletes. Each read would then leave a reader for the inactive threshold, which is how a polling
+     *  dashboard filled the stream's consumer limit (#4123), so the read fails and says to remint
+     *  rather than leak quietly, and reads on the stream fail at once until that reader expires. */
+    async closeHistoryReader(reader) {
+        try {
+            await reader.jsm.consumers.delete(reader.stream, reader.name);
+        }
+        catch (e) {
+            if (isConsumerNotFound(e))
+                return;
+            reader.left = true;
+            // No `cause`: a permission-shaped cause would let streamHistory read this as the admin-only
+            // DM denial and return an empty page.
+            if (isPublishPermissionDenied(e)) {
+                if (this.historyReaderId(reader.nc) !== reader.pool.readerId)
+                    throw new Error(`history: the connection was re-established during the read on ${reader.stream}, so it may no longer delete its reader ${reader.name}, which expires on its own; the read is not served`);
+                reader.pool.refusedUntil = Date.now() + HISTORY_READER_INACTIVE_MS;
+                throw this.readerDeleteRefused(reader.stream);
+            }
+            throw e;
+        }
+    }
+    readerDeleteRefused(stream) {
+        return new Error(`history: this credential may not delete its own history readers on ${stream}; it predates the observer and admin reader-delete grant, so remint it`);
     }
     /** The oldest stream sequence matching `subject`, or 0 when the subject has no messages.
      *  Mirror of {@link lastMatchingSeq}: same CREATE/INFO/NEXT/DELETE surface, `DeliverPolicy.All`
      *  instead of `Last`, first delivered seq instead of last. Read credentials already hold this. */
-    async firstMatchingSeq(js, stream, subjects, signal) {
+    async firstMatchingSeq(reader, subjects, signal) {
         signal?.throwIfAborted();
-        const consumer = await js.consumers.get(stream, {
+        const consumer = await this.openHistoryReader(reader, {
             filter_subjects: subjects,
             deliver_policy: DeliverPolicy.All,
         });
@@ -3207,18 +3386,18 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
             throw new Error(`history: the broker reported messages on ${subjectLabel(subjects)} but delivered none - the read was cut short, not empty`);
         }
         finally {
-            await this.deleteOwnConsumer(consumer);
+            await this.closeHistoryReader(reader);
         }
     }
     /** The newest stream sequence matching `subject`, or 0 when the subject has no messages.
      *
-     *  One ordered consumer at `DeliverPolicy.Last` with this subject's filter: its `num_pending`
+     *  One reader consumer at `DeliverPolicy.Last` with this subject's filter: its `num_pending`
      *  (available from the create, before anything is delivered) is 0 for an empty subject, and
      *  otherwise one message carries the sequence. Same CREATE/INFO/NEXT/DELETE surface `drainWindow`
      *  already uses, so no broker authority is added. */
-    async lastMatchingSeq(js, stream, subjects, signal) {
+    async lastMatchingSeq(reader, subjects, signal) {
         signal?.throwIfAborted();
-        const consumer = await js.consumers.get(stream, {
+        const consumer = await this.openHistoryReader(reader, {
             filter_subjects: subjects,
             deliver_policy: DeliverPolicy.Last,
         });
@@ -3247,19 +3426,21 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
             throw new Error(`history: the broker reported messages on ${subjectLabel(subjects)} but delivered none - the read was cut short, not empty`);
         }
         finally {
-            await this.deleteOwnConsumer(consumer);
+            await this.closeHistoryReader(reader);
         }
     }
     /** Drain every message matching `subject` with sequence in `[start, ceiling]`, oldest-first.
-     *  One ephemeral ordered consumer, one batched pull — `AckPolicy.None`, so no per-message ack
+     *  One reader consumer, one batched pull — `AckPolicy.None`, so no per-message ack
      *  round trip. Fetches exactly the pending count so it returns as soon as the window is
      *  delivered rather than blocking for the pull's full expiry. */
-    async drainWindow(js, stream, subjects, start, ceiling, limit, signal) {
+    async drainWindow(reader, subjects, start, ceiling, limit, signal) {
         signal?.throwIfAborted();
         const out = [];
-        const consumer = await js.consumers.get(stream, { filter_subjects: subjects, opt_start_seq: start });
-        // A delivery-sequence gap makes nats.js rebuild this consumer and delete the predecessor itself.
-        const readerPrefix = this.recordOwnWatchConsumer(await consumer.info(true));
+        const consumer = await this.openHistoryReader(reader, {
+            filter_subjects: subjects,
+            deliver_policy: DeliverPolicy.StartSequence,
+            opt_start_seq: start,
+        });
         try {
             // A freshly created consumer already carries its ConsumerInfo, so read the CACHED copy: the
             // explicit uncached `info()` this used to call was a round trip for data we already had.
@@ -3285,6 +3466,10 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
                 signal?.throwIfAborted();
                 for await (const m of iter) {
                     delivered++;
+                    // A plain consumer does not rebuild itself the way an ordered one did, so a gap in its
+                    // delivery sequence is a message this page would silently lack.
+                    if (m.info.deliverySequence !== delivered)
+                        throw new Error(`history: delivery ${m.info.deliverySequence} arrived where ${delivered} was due on ${subjectLabel(subjects)} - the window has a gap, so the page is not served`);
                     if (m.seq >= ceiling) { // reached the page's upper bound
                         if (m.seq === ceiling) {
                             const msg = historyMessageFromDelivery(m);
@@ -3315,16 +3500,12 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
             return out;
         }
         finally {
-            // DELETE THE EPHEMERAL CONSUMER. The pinned client gives an ordered consumer a 5-minute
-            // inactive threshold, so leaving them behind is not free: the widening search below can make
-            // up to eight per call, and a reload repeats every call the page makes. The dashboard used to
-            // make one per channel; since #1210 its activity feed makes one for all of chat and one for
-            // DMs, and the single-channel routes still make one each.
-            // Left alone that accumulates consumers on the broker until the thresholds expire, and the
-            // resulting resource exhaustion would land in streamHistory's catch and read as empty history.
-            // The observer and admin profiles may not delete (#691), so the dashboard's readers do live out
-            // that threshold; only a profile holding the delete row reclaims them here.
-            await this.deleteOwnConsumer(consumer).finally(() => { this.ownWatchDeletePrefixes.delete(readerPrefix); });
+            // DELETE THE READER. Left alone it would stay for its inactive threshold, and the widening
+            // search can run several steps per call while a polling dashboard repeats every call on each
+            // poll. The observer and admin profiles used to hold no delete at all (#691), so a dashboard
+            // polling every ten seconds filled the stream's consumer limit and every later read failed
+            // (#4123). Each reader now goes when its step ends.
+            await this.closeHistoryReader(reader);
         }
     }
     // ---- internals -----------------------------------------------------------
@@ -3945,12 +4126,15 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
      *  `undefined` means the key IS NOT THERE — a definite absence, established by a completed read.
      *  A read that could not be completed THROWS instead, so a caller can tell "it is gone" from "I could
      *  not find out". That distinction is the whole point of the method: a renew that got no answer has
-     *  proved nothing, and only a definite answer here may be acted on. */
+     *  proved nothing, and only a definite answer here may be acted on.
+     *
+     *  `created` is the broker's write time of the row (epoch ms), which is what the bucket TTL counts
+     *  from. */
     async readOwnManagerLease(instanceId) {
         const e = await (await this.managerLeaseRegistry()).get(managerLeaseKey(instanceId));
         if (!e || e.operation !== "PUT")
             return undefined;
-        return { info: JSON.parse(new TextDecoder().decode(e.value)), revision: e.revision };
+        return { info: JSON.parse(new TextDecoder().decode(e.value)), revision: e.revision, created: e.created.getTime() };
     }
     /** Release THIS instance's key on clean shutdown so a same-id restart re-acquires immediately. CAS-guarded
      *  by `revision`: if we already LOST it (renew gap) the stored revision has moved, the conditional delete
@@ -6028,6 +6212,7 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
             // SPEC §6: presence carries the incarnation's lifecycle UID (MUST in auth mode from v0.4);
             // omitted only where the endpoint has none (a pure operator/daemon connection never registers).
             ...(this.ownLifecycleUid !== undefined ? { lifecycleUid: this.ownLifecycleUid } : {}),
+            runtime: processRuntime(this.ownLifecycleUid),
             status: this.status,
             condition: this.condition,
             environment: this.environment,
@@ -6196,6 +6381,20 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
         })().catch((e) => this.emit("error", e));
         return info;
     }
+    /** {@link EndpointOptions.readOnce}: fill the roster from one read of the presence bucket. Stale
+     *  and offline records resolve as they do in a watch's initial replay. */
+    async readPresenceOnce() {
+        if (!this.kv)
+            return;
+        for (const e of await lastKvEntries(this.kv))
+            this.handleKvEntry(e);
+        this.presenceSnapshotPopulated = true;
+        // No record reached the roster (an empty bucket, or only the TTL canary): nobody is present.
+        if (this.lastPresenceWatchAt === 0)
+            this.markPresenceBucketEmpty();
+        else
+            this.emitPresenceViewIfChanged();
+    }
     /**
      * Replace a presence watch that has gone silent past TTL while the connection is up. The new
      * ordered consumer starts from the bucket's current last-per-subject state, so a peer that is
@@ -6270,6 +6469,13 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
                 this.handleChannelEntry(e);
         })().catch((e) => this.emit("error", e));
     }
+    /** {@link EndpointOptions.readOnce}: fill the channel cache from one read of the registry. */
+    async readChannelsOnce() {
+        if (!this.channelKv)
+            return;
+        for (const e of await lastKvEntries(this.channelKv))
+            this.handleChannelEntry(e);
+    }
     handleChannelEntry(e) {
         // Cleared before the decode, so an entry that does not decode resolves to the default as the
         // fresh registry reads do.
@@ -6415,6 +6621,7 @@ export class CotalEndpoint extends EventEmitter {
             prev.status !== "offline" &&
             p.status !== "offline" &&
             prev.lifecycleUid === p.lifecycleUid &&
+            sameRuntime(prev.runtime, p.runtime) &&
             prev.status === p.status &&
             prev.activity === p.activity &&
             sameCondition(prev.condition, p.condition) &&
@@ -6815,6 +7022,9 @@ function sameChannelModes(a, b) {
         return false;
     return ak.every((k) => a[k] === b?.[k]);
 }
+function sameRuntime(a, b) {
+    return a?.id === b?.id && a?.startedAt === b?.startedAt && a?.source === b?.source;
+}
 function sameCondition(a, b) {
     return a?.code === b?.code
         && a?.source === b?.source