@cosyte/x12 0.0.9 → 0.0.11

package/dist/index.mjs

@@ -138,7 +138,12 @@ var WARNING_CODES = {
   X12_837_UNKNOWN_VARIANT: "X12_837_UNKNOWN_VARIANT",
   X12_UNKNOWN_CLAIM_STATUS_CATEGORY: "X12_UNKNOWN_CLAIM_STATUS_CATEGORY",
   X12_UNKNOWN_CLAIM_STATUS: "X12_UNKNOWN_CLAIM_STATUS",
-  X12_834_UNKNOWN_MAINTENANCE_TYPE: "X12_834_UNKNOWN_MAINTENANCE_TYPE"
+  X12_834_UNKNOWN_MAINTENANCE_TYPE: "X12_834_UNKNOWN_MAINTENANCE_TYPE",
+  X12_UNPARSEABLE_DECIMAL: "X12_UNPARSEABLE_DECIMAL",
+  X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_NOT_DECODED: "X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_NOT_DECODED",
+  X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_DROPPED: "X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_DROPPED",
+  X12_837_SERVICE_SEGMENT_WITHOUT_LX: "X12_837_SERVICE_SEGMENT_WITHOUT_LX",
+  X12_837_ENTITY_SEGMENT_DISCARDED_AFTER_LX: "X12_837_ENTITY_SEGMENT_DISCARDED_AFTER_LX"
 };
 var CONTROL_NUMBER_PAIRS = {
   /** ISA-13 against IEA-02. */
@@ -211,7 +216,12 @@ var WARNING_MESSAGES = {
   X12_837_UNKNOWN_VARIANT: `837 variant could not be resolved: ST-03's implementation convention reference is not one of "005010X222A2" / "005010X223A3" / "005010X224A2", and no SVx service-line segment was present to fall back on. The verbatim reference is preserved on the model.`,
   X12_UNKNOWN_CLAIM_STATUS_CATEGORY: "Unknown claim status category (CSCC): the STC composite's first component is outside the bundled snapshot. The verbatim code is preserved on the status; only its description is unavailable.",
   X12_UNKNOWN_CLAIM_STATUS: "Unknown claim status code (CSC): the STC composite's second component is outside the bundled snapshot. The verbatim code is preserved on the status; only its description is unavailable.",
-  X12_834_UNKNOWN_MAINTENANCE_TYPE: "Unknown 834 maintenance type: the INS-03/HD-01 code is outside the bundled snapshot. The verbatim code is preserved on the enrollment and the action is NEVER inferred."
+  X12_834_UNKNOWN_MAINTENANCE_TYPE: "Unknown 834 maintenance type: the INS-03/HD-01 code is outside the bundled snapshot. The verbatim code is preserved on the enrollment and the action is NEVER inferred.",
+  X12_UNPARSEABLE_DECIMAL: "Unparseable decimal: the element at `position.elementIndex` held bytes this library could not decode as a decimal, so NO value was decoded from it. Whatever occupies that slot on the model, including 0 and undefined, is a stand-in and is NOT a value the sender supplied. The verbatim bytes are preserved on the segment; read them there before acting on the amount, quantity or percent.",
+  X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_NOT_DECODED: "837 service line with no decoded service segment: the Loop 2400 line opened at `position.segmentIndex` is followed by no SV1 / SV2 / SV3 matching the variant this submission resolved to, so NOTHING carried by the service segment was read. The line's `charge` and `units` hold 0 as a stand-in and are NOT values the sender supplied; its procedure code, modifiers, unit of measure and place of service are equally undecoded. Two common causes: the line carries no SVx at all, or it carries one for a different 837 variant than ST-03 (or the caller's `type` option) named. Which side is wrong is NOT decided here, because a caller-supplied `type` can disagree with a perfectly conformant document. The verbatim segments are preserved on the transaction set; read them there before acting on the charge or the quantity.",
+  X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_DROPPED: "837 service line dropped from the typed model: the LX at `position.segmentIndex` opened no Loop 2400, so no line appears on any claim's `serviceLines` for it and the SV1 / SV2 / SV3 that followed - its charge, units, procedure code and modifiers - was read into nothing. Compare `X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_NOT_DECODED`, where the line IS on the model and only its service segment went unread. Two causes: no Loop 2300 (CLM) is open at this LX, so there is no claim to attach a line to; or the submission's variant is not one of P / I / D, so no variant-specific line shape could be built. Read `submission.variant` and `submission.claims` to tell them apart; do NOT expect `X12_837_UNKNOWN_VARIANT` alongside this code, because a caller-supplied `type` outside P / I / D reaches the second cause without it. Nothing is fabricated to stand in for the missing line and no claim is synthesized. What becomes of a DTP / AMT / NTE / REF that follows the dropped LX depends on the route and this message does not say; see KNOWN-LIMITATIONS.md. The verbatim segments are preserved on the transaction set; read them there before concluding the claim had no service lines.",
+  X12_837_SERVICE_SEGMENT_WITHOUT_LX: "837 service segment with no Loop 2400 to read it into: no service line was open at the SV1 / SV2 / SV3 at `position.segmentIndex`, so NOTHING it carries - its charge, units, procedure code, modifiers, unit of measure and place of service - was read. Read that literally: an LX may well appear earlier in the transaction, and what this reports is that none of them had opened a Loop 2400 still current at this segment. No line appears on any claim's `serviceLines` for it and nothing is fabricated to stand in. Compare the two codes anchored at an LX: `X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_DROPPED`, where an LX IS present and opened no line, and `X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_NOT_DECODED`, where the line is on the model and only its service segment went unread. Neither of those can report the SAME service segment as this code, because both are raised at an LX and this one only where no Loop 2400 is open; a document with several claims can still carry all three. This says NOTHING about how the submission's variant resolved: absent a caller-supplied `type` option, and where ST-03 names no known implementation convention, the reader falls back to the first SV1 / SV2 / SV3 in the transaction, and a segment reported here is eligible for that fallback like any other, so a stray one can decide the variant every line is read against. Read `submission.variant`. The verbatim segments are preserved on the transaction set; read them there before concluding the claim had no service lines.",
+  X12_837_ENTITY_SEGMENT_DISCARDED_AFTER_LX: "837 entity segment read into nothing after a dropped LX: the N3 / N4 / PER / REF at `position.segmentIndex` arrived while no entity loop was open, because an earlier LX in this transaction opened no Loop 2400 (no CLM was open at it) and closed the entity loop that was current there. NOTHING this segment carries reached the model: no party's `address`, `contacts` or `references` was written from it, and no party, claim or line was synthesized to hold it. This is the code that names THAT loss; `X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_DROPPED` is raised at the LX itself and names the SERVICE LINE's loss, never an entity segment, so the two report different things about the same stretch of the document. Read the bound literally, because this code does NOT report every unattached entity segment: it reports one discarded after such an LX and only while nothing since has opened a new loop, so an N3 / N4 / PER / REF that reaches no party by any other route is still silent, and one arriving after a later NM1 is outside this code's scope, whether or not this reader surfaces that segment kind on that party. It reports that the segment reached NO party; it does not claim it would have reached one had the LX been absent, because this reader does not surface every one of these segment kinds on every party (a PER on a patient or a pay-to address, for one). Which party a segment following a stray LX belongs to is not derivable from the TR3s in either direction, so it is discarded rather than attributed: see KNOWN-LIMITATIONS.md. The verbatim segments are preserved on the transaction set; read them there before concluding a party had no address, no secondary identifier or no contact."
 };
 var ALL_WARNING_MESSAGES = new Set(
   Object.values(WARNING_MESSAGES)
@@ -372,6 +382,34 @@ function unknown837Variant(position) {
     position
   };
 }
+function serviceLineNotDecoded(position) {
+  return {
+    code: WARNING_CODES.X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_NOT_DECODED,
+    message: WARNING_MESSAGES.X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_NOT_DECODED,
+    position
+  };
+}
+function serviceLineDropped(position) {
+  return {
+    code: WARNING_CODES.X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_DROPPED,
+    message: WARNING_MESSAGES.X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_DROPPED,
+    position
+  };
+}
+function serviceSegmentWithoutLx(position) {
+  return {
+    code: WARNING_CODES.X12_837_SERVICE_SEGMENT_WITHOUT_LX,
+    message: WARNING_MESSAGES.X12_837_SERVICE_SEGMENT_WITHOUT_LX,
+    position
+  };
+}
+function entitySegmentDiscardedAfterLx(position) {
+  return {
+    code: WARNING_CODES.X12_837_ENTITY_SEGMENT_DISCARDED_AFTER_LX,
+    message: WARNING_MESSAGES.X12_837_ENTITY_SEGMENT_DISCARDED_AFTER_LX,
+    position
+  };
+}
 function unknownClaimStatusCategory(position) {
   return {
     code: WARNING_CODES.X12_UNKNOWN_CLAIM_STATUS_CATEGORY,
@@ -393,6 +431,13 @@ function unknownMaintenanceType(position) {
     position
   };
 }
+function unparseableDecimal(position) {
+  return {
+    code: WARNING_CODES.X12_UNPARSEABLE_DECIMAL,
+    message: WARNING_MESSAGES.X12_UNPARSEABLE_DECIMAL,
+    position
+  };
+}
 
 // src/parser/release.ts
 var RELEASE_CHAR = "?";
@@ -906,13 +951,26 @@ function componentOptional(seg, n, p, delimiters) {
   const v = getSegmentValue(seg, `${String(n).padStart(2, "0")}-${String(p)}`, delimiters);
   return v === void 0 || v === "" ? void 0 : v;
 }
-function elementDecimal(seg, n, delimiters) {
+function readElementDecimal(seg, n, delimiters) {
   const raw = elementOptional(seg, n, delimiters);
-  if (raw === void 0) return void 0;
-  return X12Decimal.fromString(raw);
+  if (raw === void 0) return { value: void 0, status: "absent" };
+  const value = X12Decimal.fromString(raw);
+  if (value === void 0) return { value: void 0, status: "unparseable" };
+  return { value, status: "decoded" };
 }
-function elementDecimalOrZero(seg, n, delimiters) {
-  return elementDecimal(seg, n, delimiters) ?? X12Decimal.ZERO;
+function elementDecimal(seg, n, delimiters, sink) {
+  const read = readElementDecimal(seg, n, delimiters);
+  if (read.status === "unparseable" && sink !== void 0) {
+    sink.warnings.push(unparseableDecimal({ ...sink.position, elementIndex: n }));
+  }
+  return read.value;
+}
+function elementDecimalOrZero(seg, n, delimiters, sink) {
+  const read = readElementDecimal(seg, n, delimiters);
+  if (read.status === "unparseable" && sink !== void 0) {
+    sink.warnings.push(unparseableDecimal({ ...sink.position, elementIndex: n }));
+  }
+  return read.value ?? X12Decimal.ZERO;
 }
 function collectElementValues(seg, start, end, delimiters) {
   const out = [];
@@ -1418,6 +1476,7 @@ function defineLoopSpec(input) {
 // src/code-lists/meta.ts
 function makeLookup(snapshot) {
   return (code) => {
+    if (!Object.hasOwn(snapshot.codes, code)) return void 0;
     const description = snapshot.codes[code];
     if (description === void 0) return void 0;
     return Object.freeze({ code, description });
@@ -1666,7 +1725,7 @@ var CLAIM_ADJUSTMENT_GROUP_CODES = {
   PI: "PI"
 };
 function isClaimAdjustmentGroupCode(value) {
-  return value in CLAIM_ADJUSTMENT_GROUP_CODES;
+  return Object.hasOwn(CLAIM_ADJUSTMENT_GROUP_CODES, value);
 }
 
 // src/code-lists/rarc.ts
@@ -1806,6 +1865,7 @@ var HI_QUALIFIERS = {
   }
 };
 function resolveHiQualifier(qualifier) {
+  if (!Object.hasOwn(HI_QUALIFIERS, qualifier)) return void 0;
   return HI_QUALIFIERS[qualifier];
 }
 function isDiagnosisQualifier(qualifier) {
@@ -1915,9 +1975,10 @@ function get835(delimiters, tx) {
     const seg = body[i];
     if (seg === void 0) continue;
     const position = { segmentIndex: i + 1, transactionIndex: 0 };
+    const sink = { warnings, position };
     switch (seg.id) {
       case "BPR": {
-        payment = decodeBpr(seg, delimiters);
+        payment = decodeBpr(seg, delimiters, sink);
         bprSegmentIndex = position.segmentIndex;
         break;
       }
@@ -1992,7 +2053,7 @@ function get835(delimiters, tx) {
       case "CLP": {
         flushClaim();
         lastParty = void 0;
-        currentClaim = openClaim(seg, delimiters, position.segmentIndex);
+        currentClaim = openClaim(seg, delimiters, position.segmentIndex, sink);
         break;
       }
       case "CAS": {
@@ -2044,7 +2105,7 @@ function get835(delimiters, tx) {
         break;
       }
       case "AMT": {
-        const amount = decodeAmt(seg, delimiters);
+        const amount = decodeAmt(seg, delimiters, sink);
         if (amount === void 0) break;
         if (currentServiceLine !== void 0) currentServiceLine.amounts.push(amount);
         else if (currentClaim !== void 0) currentClaim.amounts.push(amount);
@@ -2063,12 +2124,12 @@ function get835(delimiters, tx) {
       }
       case "SVC": {
         flushServiceLine();
-        currentServiceLine = openServiceLine(seg, delimiters);
+        currentServiceLine = openServiceLine(seg, delimiters, sink);
         break;
       }
       case "PLB": {
         flushClaim();
-        for (const p of decodePlb(seg, delimiters)) providerAdjustments.push(p);
+        for (const p of decodePlb(seg, delimiters, sink)) providerAdjustments.push(p);
         break;
       }
     }
@@ -2099,10 +2160,10 @@ function get835(delimiters, tx) {
     warnings: Object.freeze(warnings.slice())
   });
 }
-function decodeBpr(seg, delimiters) {
+function decodeBpr(seg, delimiters, sink) {
   return Object.freeze({
     transactionHandlingCode: elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters),
-    totalActualPayment: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters),
+    totalActualPayment: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters, sink),
     creditDebitFlag: elementValue(seg, 3, delimiters),
     method: elementValue(seg, 4, delimiters),
     paymentFormatCode: elementOptional(seg, 5, delimiters),
@@ -2161,8 +2222,8 @@ function decodePer(seg, delimiters) {
     communications: Object.freeze(comms)
   });
 }
-function decodeAmt(seg, delimiters) {
-  const amount = elementDecimal(seg, 2, delimiters);
+function decodeAmt(seg, delimiters, sink) {
+  const amount = elementDecimal(seg, 2, delimiters, sink);
   if (amount === void 0) return void 0;
   return Object.freeze({
     qualifier: elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters),
@@ -2198,13 +2259,14 @@ function collectMoaRemarks(seg, delimiters) {
   return out;
 }
 function decodeCasAdjustments(seg, delimiters, warnings, position) {
+  const sink = { warnings, position };
   const groupCode = elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters);
   const out = [];
   for (let triple = 0; triple < 6; triple += 1) {
     const base = 2 + triple * 3;
     const reasonCode = elementOptional(seg, base, delimiters);
-    const amount = elementDecimal(seg, base + 1, delimiters);
-    const quantity = elementDecimal(seg, base + 2, delimiters);
+    const amount = elementDecimal(seg, base + 1, delimiters, sink);
+    const quantity = elementDecimal(seg, base + 2, delimiters, sink);
     if (reasonCode === void 0 && amount === void 0) continue;
     const code = reasonCode ?? "";
     const entry = code === "" ? void 0 : lookupCarc(code);
@@ -2248,7 +2310,7 @@ function decodeNm1(seg, delimiters) {
     })
   };
 }
-function openClaim(seg, delimiters, clpSegmentIndex) {
+function openClaim(seg, delimiters, clpSegmentIndex, sink) {
   const claimStatusCode = elementValue(seg, 2, delimiters);
   const claimStatusDescription = lookupClpStatus(claimStatusCode)?.description;
   const facilityTypeCode = componentOptional(seg, 8, 1, delimiters) ?? elementOptional(seg, 8, delimiters);
@@ -2258,9 +2320,9 @@ function openClaim(seg, delimiters, clpSegmentIndex) {
     patientControlNumber: elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters),
     claimStatusCode,
     claimStatusDescription,
-    totalChargeAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 3, delimiters),
-    totalPaymentAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 4, delimiters),
-    patientResponsibilityAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 5, delimiters),
+    totalChargeAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 3, delimiters, sink),
+    totalPaymentAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 4, delimiters, sink),
+    patientResponsibilityAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 5, delimiters, sink),
     claimFilingIndicatorCode: elementOptional(seg, 6, delimiters),
     payerClaimControlNumber: elementOptional(seg, 7, delimiters),
     facilityTypeCode,
@@ -2279,7 +2341,7 @@ function openClaim(seg, delimiters, clpSegmentIndex) {
     serviceLines: []
   };
 }
-function openServiceLine(seg, delimiters) {
+function openServiceLine(seg, delimiters, sink) {
   const productServiceIdQualifier = componentOptional(seg, 1, 1, delimiters) ?? "";
   const productServiceId = componentOptional(seg, 1, 2, delimiters) ?? "";
   const modifiers = [];
@@ -2287,18 +2349,20 @@ function openServiceLine(seg, delimiters) {
     const m = componentOptional(seg, 1, comp, delimiters);
     if (m !== void 0) modifiers.push(m);
   }
-  const revenueCode = elementOptional(seg, 5, delimiters);
-  const paidUnitsOfService = elementDecimal(seg, 7, delimiters);
+  const revenueCode = elementOptional(seg, 4, delimiters);
+  const paidUnitsOfService = elementDecimal(seg, 5, delimiters, sink);
+  const originalUnitsOfService = elementDecimal(seg, 7, delimiters, sink);
   const originalServiceIdQualifier = componentOptional(seg, 6, 1, delimiters);
   const originalServiceId = componentOptional(seg, 6, 2, delimiters);
   return {
     productServiceIdQualifier,
     productServiceId,
     modifiers,
-    chargeAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters),
-    paymentAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 3, delimiters),
+    chargeAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters, sink),
+    paymentAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 3, delimiters, sink),
     revenueCode,
     paidUnitsOfService,
+    originalUnitsOfService,
     originalServiceId,
     originalServiceIdQualifier,
     serviceDateStart: void 0,
@@ -2324,13 +2388,13 @@ function attachServiceLineDtm(line, seg, delimiters) {
   if (qualifier === "472" || qualifier === "150") line.serviceDateStart = date;
   if (qualifier === "472" || qualifier === "151") line.serviceDateEnd = date;
 }
-function decodePlb(seg, delimiters) {
+function decodePlb(seg, delimiters, sink) {
   const providerId = elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters);
   const fiscalPeriodDate = elementValue(seg, 2, delimiters);
   const out = [];
   for (let pair = 0; pair < 6; pair += 1) {
     const composite = 3 + pair * 2;
-    const amount = elementDecimal(seg, composite + 1, delimiters);
+    const amount = elementDecimal(seg, composite + 1, delimiters, sink);
     const reasonCode = componentOptional(seg, composite, 1, delimiters);
     const subCode = componentOptional(seg, composite, 2, delimiters);
     if (amount === void 0 && reasonCode === void 0) continue;
@@ -2394,6 +2458,7 @@ function freezeServiceLine(acc) {
     paymentAmount: acc.paymentAmount,
     revenueCode: acc.revenueCode,
     paidUnitsOfService: acc.paidUnitsOfService,
+    originalUnitsOfService: acc.originalUnitsOfService,
     originalServiceId: acc.originalServiceId,
     originalServiceIdQualifier: acc.originalServiceIdQualifier,
     serviceDateStart: acc.serviceDateStart,
@@ -2479,7 +2544,7 @@ function renderCallerJson(value) {
 var NONE = Object.freeze([]);
 function describeShape(value) {
   if (typeof value !== "object") {
-    return `a ${typeof value} (${renderCallerValue(value)})`;
+    return `a ${typeof value}`;
   }
   let length;
   try {
@@ -2509,6 +2574,50 @@ function isRealArray(value) {
   return Array.isArray(value);
 }
 
+// src/builder/caller-decimal.ts
+function describeCallerDecimal(value) {
+  if (value === null) return "null";
+  if (value === void 0) return "undefined";
+  const type = typeof value;
+  if (type === "object") return Array.isArray(value) ? "an array" : "an object";
+  if (type === "function") return "a function";
+  return `a ${type}`;
+}
+function requireCallerDecimal(value, at, refuse) {
+  if (value instanceof X12Decimal) return value;
+  refuse(
+    `${at}: every numeric element value must be an X12Decimal, but received ${describeCallerDecimal(value)}. Values are never coerced - a JavaScript number has no X12 lexical form (0.1 + 0.2 renders as "0.30000000000000004", 1e21 as "1e+21", NaN as "NaN"), and rounding one here would guess a scale the caller never stated. Build it with X12Decimal.fromString() at the call site.`
+  );
+}
+
+// src/builder/caller-segment.ts
+var SEGMENT_ID_RE2 = /^[A-Z][A-Z0-9]{1,2}$/u;
+function describeSegmentValue(value) {
+  if (value === null) return "null";
+  if (value === void 0) return "undefined";
+  const type = typeof value;
+  if (type === "object") return Array.isArray(value) ? "an array" : "an object";
+  if (type === "function") return "a function";
+  return `a ${type}`;
+}
+function locateSlot(parts, index) {
+  const id = parts[0];
+  const position = String(index).padStart(2, "0");
+  if (typeof id !== "string" || !SEGMENT_ID_RE2.test(id)) return `element ${String(index)}`;
+  return `"${id}"-${position}`;
+}
+function requireCallerSegment(parts, at, refuse) {
+  let index = 0;
+  for (const part of parts) {
+    if (typeof part !== "string") {
+      refuse(
+        `${at}: ${locateSlot(parts, index)} must be a string, but received ${describeSegmentValue(part)}. Values are never coerced - a JavaScript number cannot carry a leading-zero identifier, so converting here could emit a different value than the caller sent. Convert at the call site.`
+      );
+    }
+    index += 1;
+  }
+}
+
 // src/builder/caller-string.ts
 function describeCallerValue(value) {
   if (value === null) return "null";
@@ -2516,7 +2625,7 @@ function describeCallerValue(value) {
   const type = typeof value;
   if (type === "object") return Array.isArray(value) ? "an array" : "an object";
   if (type === "function") return "a function";
-  return `a ${type} (${renderCallerValue(value)})`;
+  return `a ${type}`;
 }
 function requireCallerString(value, at, refuse) {
   if (typeof value === "string") return value;
@@ -2532,6 +2641,9 @@ function makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, at, refuse) {
 function refuseSpec(message) {
   throw new Remit835BuildError(REMIT_835_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_835_BUILD_INVALID_SPEC, message);
 }
+function escDec(value, esc) {
+  return esc(requireCallerDecimal(value, "build835", refuseSpec).toString());
+}
 var X221A1_VERSION_RELEASE = "005010X221A1";
 var X12_835_FUNCTIONAL_ID = "HP";
 var X12_AGENCY_CODE = "X";
@@ -2555,6 +2667,7 @@ function build835(spec) {
   };
   const esc = makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, "build835", refuseSpec);
   const seg = (parts) => {
+    requireCallerSegment(parts, "build835", refuseSpec);
     let end = parts.length;
     while (end > 1 && parts[end - 1] === "") end -= 1;
     return parts.slice(0, end).join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
@@ -2616,9 +2729,9 @@ function build835(spec) {
     // GS-02
     esc(applicationReceiverCode),
     // GS-03
-    groupDate,
+    esc(groupDate),
     // GS-04 - CCYYMMDD
-    groupTime,
+    esc(groupTime),
     // GS-05 - HHMM
     esc(envelope.groupControlNumber),
     // GS-06
@@ -2634,7 +2747,7 @@ function build835(spec) {
     seg([
       "BPR",
       esc(spec.payment.transactionHandlingCode),
-      esc(spec.payment.totalActualPayment.toString()),
+      escDec(spec.payment.totalActualPayment, esc),
       esc(spec.payment.creditDebitFlag),
       esc(spec.payment.method),
       esc(spec.payment.paymentFormatCode ?? ""),
@@ -2769,6 +2882,7 @@ function materializeServiceLine(spec) {
     paymentAmount: spec.paymentAmount,
     revenueCode: spec.revenueCode,
     paidUnitsOfService: spec.paidUnitsOfService,
+    originalUnitsOfService: spec.originalUnitsOfService,
     originalServiceId: spec.originalServiceId,
     originalServiceIdQualifier: spec.originalServiceIdQualifier,
     serviceDateStart: spec.serviceDateStart,
@@ -2864,9 +2978,9 @@ function emitClaim(claim, body, seg, esc, comp) {
       "CLP",
       esc(claim.patientControlNumber),
       esc(claim.claimStatusCode),
-      esc(claim.totalChargeAmount.toString()),
-      esc(claim.totalPaymentAmount.toString()),
-      esc(claim.patientResponsibilityAmount.toString()),
+      escDec(claim.totalChargeAmount, esc),
+      escDec(claim.totalPaymentAmount, esc),
+      escDec(claim.patientResponsibilityAmount, esc),
       esc(claim.claimFilingIndicatorCode ?? ""),
       esc(claim.payerClaimControlNumber ?? ""),
       comp([claim.facilityTypeCode ?? "", "", claim.claimFrequencyCode ?? ""])
@@ -2888,7 +3002,7 @@ function emitClaim(claim, body, seg, esc, comp) {
   }
   for (const ref of claim.references ?? []) body.push(emitRef(ref, seg, esc));
   for (const amt of claim.amounts ?? []) {
-    body.push(seg(["AMT", esc(amt.qualifier), esc(amt.amount.toString())]));
+    body.push(seg(["AMT", esc(amt.qualifier), escDec(amt.amount, esc)]));
   }
   for (const remark of claim.remarks ?? []) {
     body.push(seg(["LQ", esc(remark.system), esc(remark.code)]));
@@ -2908,20 +3022,24 @@ function emitServiceLine(line, body, seg, esc, comp) {
     seg([
       "SVC",
       svc01,
-      esc(line.chargeAmount.toString()),
-      esc(line.paymentAmount.toString()),
-      "",
-      // SVC-04 - revenue code is SVC-05 in X221A1; SVC-04 unused
+      escDec(line.chargeAmount, esc),
+      escDec(line.paymentAmount, esc),
+      // SVC-04 is the NUBC revenue code (element 234, Product/Service ID) and
+      // SVC-05 is the Units of Service PAID Count (element 380, Quantity).
+      // SVC-07 is the ORIGINAL (submitted) units, a different quantity from
+      // SVC-05 - so the two never share a field. See the SVC note in
+      // KNOWN-LIMITATIONS.md for the sources.
       esc(line.revenueCode ?? ""),
+      line.paidUnitsOfService === void 0 ? "" : escDec(line.paidUnitsOfService, esc),
       svc06,
-      line.paidUnitsOfService === void 0 ? "" : esc(line.paidUnitsOfService.toString())
+      line.originalUnitsOfService === void 0 ? "" : escDec(line.originalUnitsOfService, esc)
     ])
   );
   emitServiceLineDtm(line, body, seg, esc);
   emitCasGroup(line.adjustments, "build835: serviceLine.adjustments", body, seg, esc);
   for (const ref of line.references ?? []) body.push(emitRef(ref, seg, esc));
   for (const amt of line.amounts ?? []) {
-    body.push(seg(["AMT", esc(amt.qualifier), esc(amt.amount.toString())]));
+    body.push(seg(["AMT", esc(amt.qualifier), escDec(amt.amount, esc)]));
   }
   for (const remark of line.remarks ?? []) {
     body.push(seg(["LQ", esc(remark.system), esc(remark.code)]));
@@ -2953,8 +3071,8 @@ function emitCasGroup(raw, at, body, seg, esc) {
       if (adj === void 0 || adj.groupCode !== groupCode) break;
       parts.push(
         esc(adj.reasonCode),
-        esc(adj.amount.toString()),
-        adj.quantity === void 0 ? "" : esc(adj.quantity.toString())
+        escDec(adj.amount, esc),
+        adj.quantity === void 0 ? "" : escDec(adj.quantity, esc)
       );
       triples += 1;
       i += 1;
@@ -3012,7 +3130,7 @@ function emitProviderAdjustments(raw, at, body, seg, esc, comp) {
       if (adj === void 0 || adj.providerId !== providerId || adj.fiscalPeriodDate !== fiscalPeriodDate) {
         break;
       }
-      parts.push(comp([adj.reasonCode, adj.subCode ?? ""]), esc(adj.amount.toString()));
+      parts.push(comp([adj.reasonCode, adj.subCode ?? ""]), escDec(adj.amount, esc));
       pairs += 1;
       i += 1;
     }
@@ -3110,13 +3228,22 @@ var REMIT_835_LOOP_1000B = defineLoopSpec({
   ]
 });
 
+// src/parser/lookup.ts
+function wireLookup(entries) {
+  const table = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.create(null);
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(entries)) {
+    table[key] = value;
+  }
+  return Object.freeze(table);
+}
+
 // src/transactions/claim/get-837.ts
-var VARIANT_BY_ICR = Object.freeze({
+var VARIANT_BY_ICR = wireLookup({
   "005010X222A2": "P",
   "005010X223A3": "I",
   "005010X224A2": "D"
 });
-var VARIANT_BY_SV_SEGMENT = Object.freeze({
+var VARIANT_BY_SV_SEGMENT = wireLookup({
   SV1: "P",
   SV2: "I",
   SV3: "D"
@@ -3137,7 +3264,7 @@ var NM1_QUALIFIERS = Object.freeze({
   PAYER: "PR",
   PATIENT: "QC"
 });
-var EXPECTED_PARENT_LEVEL = Object.freeze({
+var EXPECTED_PARENT_LEVEL = wireLookup({
   [HL_LEVEL_CODES.INFORMATION_SOURCE]: void 0,
   [HL_LEVEL_CODES.SUBSCRIBER]: HL_LEVEL_CODES.INFORMATION_SOURCE,
   [HL_LEVEL_CODES.DEPENDENT]: HL_LEVEL_CODES.SUBSCRIBER
@@ -3159,7 +3286,7 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
   }
   const variant = explicitType ?? variantFromIcr ?? variantFromSegment ?? "unknown";
   if (variant === "unknown") {
-    warnings.push(unknown837Variant({ segmentIndex: 1, transactionIndex: 0 }));
+    warnings.push(unknown837Variant({ segmentIndex: 0, transactionIndex: 0 }));
   }
   const hierarchies = [];
   const hlIndex = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
@@ -3182,7 +3309,9 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
   let currentOtherSubscriber;
   let currentAdjudication;
   let context = { kind: "header" };
+  let droppedLineReported = false;
   let activeEntity;
+  let entityLoopClosedByStrayLx = false;
   const flushAdjudication = () => {
     if (currentAdjudication !== void 0 && currentServiceLine !== void 0) {
       currentServiceLine.adjudications.push(freezeAdjudication(currentAdjudication));
@@ -3192,9 +3321,21 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
   const flushServiceLine = () => {
     flushAdjudication();
     if (currentServiceLine !== void 0 && currentClaim !== void 0) {
+      if (!currentServiceLine.serviceSegmentDecoded) {
+        warnings.push(serviceLineNotDecoded(currentServiceLine.position));
+      }
       currentClaim.serviceLines.push(freezeServiceLine2(currentServiceLine));
     }
     currentServiceLine = void 0;
+    droppedLineReported = false;
+  };
+  const reportOrphanServiceSegment = (position) => {
+    if (droppedLineReported) return;
+    warnings.push(serviceSegmentWithoutLx(position));
+  };
+  const reportDiscardedEntitySegment = (position) => {
+    if (!entityLoopClosedByStrayLx) return;
+    warnings.push(entitySegmentDiscardedAfterLx(position));
   };
   const flushOtherSubscriber = () => {
     if (currentOtherSubscriber !== void 0 && currentClaim !== void 0) {
@@ -3265,6 +3406,7 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
     const seg = body[i];
     if (seg === void 0) continue;
     const position = { segmentIndex: i + 1, transactionIndex: 0 };
+    const sink = { warnings, position };
     switch (seg.id) {
       case "HL": {
         flushClaim();
@@ -3297,6 +3439,7 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
           context = { kind: "header" };
         }
         activeEntity = void 0;
+        entityLoopClosedByStrayLx = false;
         break;
       }
       case "SBR": {
@@ -3313,6 +3456,7 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
             otherPayer: void 0
           };
           activeEntity = { kind: "otherSubscriber" };
+          entityLoopClosedByStrayLx = false;
         }
         break;
       }
@@ -3328,6 +3472,7 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
       case "NM1": {
         const qualifier = elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters);
         const entity = decodeNm12(seg, delimiters);
+        entityLoopClosedByStrayLx = false;
         if (qualifier === NM1_QUALIFIERS.SUBMITTER) {
           submitter = entity;
           activeEntity = { kind: "submitter" };
@@ -3372,16 +3517,19 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
       case "N3": {
         const lines = collectElementValues(seg, 1, 2, delimiters);
         attachAddressLines(lines, activeEntity, entityMutators);
+        reportDiscardedEntitySegment(position);
         break;
       }
       case "N4": {
         const partial = decodeN42(seg, delimiters);
         attachAddressFields(partial, activeEntity, entityMutators);
+        reportDiscardedEntitySegment(position);
         break;
       }
       case "PER": {
         const contact = decodePer2(seg, delimiters);
         attachContact(contact, activeEntity, entityMutators);
+        reportDiscardedEntitySegment(position);
         break;
       }
       case "REF": {
@@ -3393,6 +3541,7 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
           currentClaim.references.push(ref);
         } else {
           attachReference(ref, activeEntity, entityMutators);
+          reportDiscardedEntitySegment(position);
         }
         break;
       }
@@ -3412,17 +3561,23 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
             warnings.push(missingRequiredLoop(position, REQUIRED_LOOPS.PAYER_NAME_2010BB));
           }
         }
-        currentClaim = openClaim2(seg, delimiters, {
-          variant,
-          hierarchy: currentPatientHl ?? currentSubscriberHl,
-          billingProvider,
-          payToAddress,
-          payToPlan,
-          subscriber: currentSubscriberMember,
-          payer: currentPayer,
-          patient: currentPatientMember
-        });
+        currentClaim = openClaim2(
+          seg,
+          delimiters,
+          {
+            variant,
+            hierarchy: currentPatientHl ?? currentSubscriberHl,
+            billingProvider,
+            payToAddress,
+            payToPlan,
+            subscriber: currentSubscriberMember,
+            payer: currentPayer,
+            patient: currentPatientMember
+          },
+          sink
+        );
         activeEntity = void 0;
+        entityLoopClosedByStrayLx = false;
         context = { kind: "loop2300" };
         break;
       }
@@ -3460,7 +3615,7 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
         break;
       }
       case "AMT": {
-        const amount = decodeAmt2(seg, delimiters);
+        const amount = decodeAmt2(seg, delimiters, sink);
         if (amount === void 0) break;
         if (currentAdjudication !== void 0) break;
         if (currentServiceLine !== void 0) currentServiceLine.amounts.push(amount);
@@ -3469,22 +3624,55 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
       }
       case "LX": {
         flushServiceLine();
-        if (currentClaim === void 0) break;
-        currentServiceLine = openServiceLine2(seg, delimiters, currentClaim.variant);
+        if (currentClaim === void 0) {
+          warnings.push(serviceLineDropped(position));
+          droppedLineReported = true;
+          entityLoopClosedByStrayLx ||= activeEntity !== void 0;
+          activeEntity = void 0;
+          break;
+        }
+        currentServiceLine = openServiceLine2(seg, delimiters, currentClaim.variant, position);
+        if (currentServiceLine === void 0) {
+          warnings.push(serviceLineDropped(position));
+          droppedLineReported = true;
+        }
         activeEntity = void 0;
+        entityLoopClosedByStrayLx = false;
         context = { kind: "loop2400" };
         break;
       }
+      // A service segment with no line open to decode into is a loss the
+      // walker used to take in silence. Two ways to reach it, and only one
+      // was ever reported: an LX that opened nothing already warned at the
+      // LX (`droppedLineReported`), while a segment with no Loop 2400 open
+      // at all had no anchor to warn at and so reported on no channel - a
+      // charge, a quantity, a procedure code and its modifiers off the wire
+      // and onto nothing. `reportOrphanServiceSegment` closes only the
+      // second: it anchors at the service segment itself, because that is
+      // the only segment the case has. Note the condition is "no line open",
+      // NOT "no LX in the file": an LX in an earlier claim is still an LX.
+      //
+      // It does NOT decode the segment. The charge is SV1-02 / SV2-03 and
+      // the units SV1-04 / SV2-05 / SV3-06, so reading a service segment
+      // into a line the walker never opened is how a mis-read charge gets
+      // minted. Refusing to read is the safe half; doing it silently was the
+      // defect. This says nothing about VARIANT resolution, which happens
+      // before the walk and scans every SVx in the body: an orphan segment
+      // is eligible for that fallback like any other, which is pre-existing
+      // and disclosed in KNOWN-LIMITATIONS.md rather than changed here.
       case "SV1": {
-        if (currentServiceLine !== void 0) decodeSv1(currentServiceLine, seg, delimiters);
+        if (currentServiceLine !== void 0) decodeSv1(currentServiceLine, seg, delimiters, sink);
+        else reportOrphanServiceSegment(position);
         break;
       }
       case "SV2": {
-        if (currentServiceLine !== void 0) decodeSv2(currentServiceLine, seg, delimiters);
+        if (currentServiceLine !== void 0) decodeSv2(currentServiceLine, seg, delimiters, sink);
+        else reportOrphanServiceSegment(position);
         break;
       }
       case "SV3": {
-        if (currentServiceLine !== void 0) decodeSv3(currentServiceLine, seg, delimiters);
+        if (currentServiceLine !== void 0) decodeSv3(currentServiceLine, seg, delimiters, sink);
+        else reportOrphanServiceSegment(position);
         break;
       }
       case "TOO": {
@@ -3510,7 +3698,7 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
         }
         currentServiceLine.drug = {
           ...currentServiceLine.drug,
-          quantity: elementDecimal(seg, 4, delimiters),
+          quantity: elementDecimal(seg, 4, delimiters, sink),
           unitOfMeasure: componentOptional(seg, 5, 1, delimiters)
         };
         break;
@@ -3518,7 +3706,7 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
       case "SVD": {
         flushAdjudication();
         if (currentServiceLine === void 0) break;
-        currentAdjudication = openAdjudication(seg, delimiters);
+        currentAdjudication = openAdjudication(seg, delimiters, sink);
         break;
       }
       case "CAS": {
@@ -3696,19 +3884,20 @@ function decodeNte(seg, delimiters) {
     description: note
   });
 }
-function decodeAmt2(seg, delimiters) {
-  const amount = elementDecimal(seg, 2, delimiters);
+function decodeAmt2(seg, delimiters, sink) {
+  const amount = elementDecimal(seg, 2, delimiters, sink);
   if (amount === void 0) return void 0;
   return Object.freeze({ qualifier: elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters), amount });
 }
 function decodeCas(seg, delimiters, warnings, position) {
+  const sink = { warnings, position };
   const groupCode = elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters);
   const out = [];
   for (let triple = 0; triple < 6; triple += 1) {
     const base = 2 + triple * 3;
     const reasonCode = elementOptional(seg, base, delimiters);
-    const amount = elementDecimal(seg, base + 1, delimiters);
-    const quantity = elementDecimal(seg, base + 2, delimiters);
+    const amount = elementDecimal(seg, base + 1, delimiters, sink);
+    const quantity = elementDecimal(seg, base + 2, delimiters, sink);
     if (reasonCode === void 0 && amount === void 0) continue;
     const code = reasonCode ?? "";
     const entry = code === "" ? void 0 : lookupCarc(code);
@@ -3743,7 +3932,7 @@ var EMPTY_SUBSCRIBER_INFO = Object.freeze({
   groupName: void 0,
   claimFilingIndicator: void 0
 });
-function openClaim2(seg, delimiters, ctx) {
+function openClaim2(seg, delimiters, ctx, sink) {
   const {
     variant,
     hierarchy,
@@ -3764,7 +3953,7 @@ function openClaim2(seg, delimiters, ctx) {
     payer,
     patient,
     claimId: elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters),
-    totalCharge: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters),
+    totalCharge: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters, sink),
     placeOfServiceCode: componentOptional(seg, 5, 1, delimiters),
     facilityCodeQualifier: componentOptional(seg, 5, 2, delimiters),
     claimFrequencyCode: componentOptional(seg, 5, 3, delimiters),
@@ -3784,10 +3973,12 @@ function openClaim2(seg, delimiters, ctx) {
     serviceLines: []
   };
 }
-function openServiceLine2(seg, delimiters, variant) {
+function openServiceLine2(seg, delimiters, variant, position) {
   const lineNumber = elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters);
   const base = {
     lineNumber,
+    position,
+    serviceSegmentDecoded: false,
     charge: X12Decimal.ZERO,
     units: X12Decimal.ZERO,
     unitOfMeasure: void 0,
@@ -3839,8 +4030,9 @@ function openServiceLine2(seg, delimiters, variant) {
   }
   return void 0;
 }
-function decodeSv1(acc, seg, delimiters) {
+function decodeSv1(acc, seg, delimiters, sink) {
   if (acc.variant !== "P") return;
+  acc.serviceSegmentDecoded = true;
   acc.procedureQualifier = componentOptional(seg, 1, 1, delimiters) ?? "";
   acc.procedureCode = componentOptional(seg, 1, 2, delimiters) ?? "";
   const mods = [];
@@ -3849,9 +4041,9 @@ function decodeSv1(acc, seg, delimiters) {
     if (m !== void 0) mods.push(m);
   }
   acc.modifiers = mods;
-  acc.charge = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters);
+  acc.charge = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters, sink);
   acc.unitOfMeasure = elementOptional(seg, 3, delimiters);
-  acc.units = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 4, delimiters);
+  acc.units = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 4, delimiters, sink);
   acc.placeOfServiceCode = elementOptional(seg, 5, delimiters);
   const pointers = [];
   for (let p = 1; p <= 4; p += 1) {
@@ -3863,8 +4055,9 @@ function decodeSv1(acc, seg, delimiters) {
   acc.epsdtIndicator = elementOptional(seg, 11, delimiters);
   acc.familyPlanningIndicator = elementOptional(seg, 12, delimiters);
 }
-function decodeSv2(acc, seg, delimiters) {
+function decodeSv2(acc, seg, delimiters, sink) {
   if (acc.variant !== "I") return;
+  acc.serviceSegmentDecoded = true;
   acc.revenueCode = elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters);
   acc.procedureQualifier = componentOptional(seg, 2, 1, delimiters);
   acc.procedureCode = componentOptional(seg, 2, 2, delimiters);
@@ -3874,14 +4067,15 @@ function decodeSv2(acc, seg, delimiters) {
     if (m !== void 0) mods.push(m);
   }
   acc.modifiers = mods;
-  acc.charge = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 3, delimiters);
+  acc.charge = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 3, delimiters, sink);
   acc.unitOfMeasure = elementOptional(seg, 4, delimiters);
-  acc.units = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 5, delimiters);
-  acc.serviceLineRate = elementDecimal(seg, 6, delimiters);
-  acc.nonCoveredCharge = elementDecimal(seg, 7, delimiters);
+  acc.units = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 5, delimiters, sink);
+  acc.serviceLineRate = elementDecimal(seg, 6, delimiters, sink);
+  acc.nonCoveredCharge = elementDecimal(seg, 7, delimiters, sink);
 }
-function decodeSv3(acc, seg, delimiters) {
+function decodeSv3(acc, seg, delimiters, sink) {
   if (acc.variant !== "D") return;
+  acc.serviceSegmentDecoded = true;
   acc.procedureQualifier = componentOptional(seg, 1, 1, delimiters) ?? "";
   acc.procedureCode = componentOptional(seg, 1, 2, delimiters) ?? "";
   const mods = [];
@@ -3890,7 +4084,7 @@ function decodeSv3(acc, seg, delimiters) {
     if (m !== void 0) mods.push(m);
   }
   acc.modifiers = mods;
-  acc.charge = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters);
+  acc.charge = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters, sink);
   acc.placeOfServiceCode = elementOptional(seg, 3, delimiters);
   const cavities = [];
   for (let p = 1; p <= 5; p += 1) {
@@ -3899,15 +4093,15 @@ function decodeSv3(acc, seg, delimiters) {
   }
   acc.oralCavityArea = cavities;
   acc.prosthesisCrownInlayCode = elementOptional(seg, 5, delimiters);
-  acc.units = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 6, delimiters);
+  acc.units = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 6, delimiters, sink);
 }
-function openAdjudication(seg, delimiters) {
+function openAdjudication(seg, delimiters, sink) {
   return {
     otherPayerId: elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters),
-    amountPaid: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters),
+    amountPaid: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters, sink),
     procedureQualifier: componentOptional(seg, 3, 1, delimiters),
     procedureCode: componentOptional(seg, 3, 2, delimiters),
-    paidUnits: elementDecimal(seg, 5, delimiters),
+    paidUnits: elementDecimal(seg, 5, delimiters, sink),
     adjustments: [],
     dateAdjudicated: void 0
   };
@@ -4199,6 +4393,12 @@ function refuseHierarchy(message) {
 function refuseSpec2(message) {
   throw new Claim837BuildError(CLAIM_837_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_837_BUILD_INVALID_SPEC, message);
 }
+function decStr(value) {
+  return requireCallerDecimal(value, "build837", refuseSpec2).toString();
+}
+function escDec2(value, esc) {
+  return esc(decStr(value));
+}
 var VERSION_BY_VARIANT = {
   P: "005010X222A2",
   I: "005010X223A3",
@@ -4232,6 +4432,7 @@ function buildClaim837(variant, spec) {
   };
   const esc = makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, "build837", refuseSpec2);
   const seg = (parts) => {
+    requireCallerSegment(parts, "build837", refuseSpec2);
     let end = parts.length;
     while (end > 1 && parts[end - 1] === "") end -= 1;
     return parts.slice(0, end).join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
@@ -4275,8 +4476,8 @@ function buildClaim837(variant, spec) {
     X12_837_FUNCTIONAL_ID,
     esc(applicationSenderCode),
     esc(applicationReceiverCode),
-    groupDate,
-    groupTime,
+    esc(groupDate),
+    esc(groupTime),
     esc(envelope.groupControlNumber),
     X12_AGENCY_CODE2,
     versionRelease
@@ -4491,7 +4692,7 @@ function emitClaim2(variant, claim, body, ctx) {
     ctx.seg([
       "CLM",
       ctx.esc(claim.claimId),
-      ctx.esc(claim.totalCharge.toString()),
+      escDec2(claim.totalCharge, ctx.esc),
       "",
       "",
       ctx.comp([
@@ -4539,8 +4740,8 @@ function emitOtherSubscriber(other, body, ctx) {
   if (other.otherPayer !== void 0) emitEntity(other.otherPayer, body, ctx);
 }
 function emitServiceLine2(variant, line, lineNumber, body, ctx) {
-  body.push(ctx.seg(["LX", line.lineNumber ?? String(lineNumber)]));
-  const units = line.units === void 0 ? "0" : line.units.toString();
+  body.push(ctx.seg(["LX", ctx.esc(line.lineNumber ?? String(lineNumber))]));
+  const units = line.units === void 0 ? "0" : decStr(line.units);
   if (line.variant === "P") {
     const proc = ctx.comp([line.procedureQualifier, line.procedureCode, ...line.modifiers ?? []]);
     const pointers = ctx.comp(line.diagnosisPointers ?? []);
@@ -4548,7 +4749,7 @@ function emitServiceLine2(variant, line, lineNumber, body, ctx) {
       ctx.seg([
         "SV1",
         proc,
-        ctx.esc(line.charge.toString()),
+        escDec2(line.charge, ctx.esc),
         ctx.esc(line.unitOfMeasure ?? ""),
         ctx.esc(units),
         ctx.esc(line.placeOfServiceCode ?? ""),
@@ -4572,11 +4773,11 @@ function emitServiceLine2(variant, line, lineNumber, body, ctx) {
         "SV2",
         ctx.esc(line.revenueCode),
         proc,
-        ctx.esc(line.charge.toString()),
+        escDec2(line.charge, ctx.esc),
         ctx.esc(line.unitOfMeasure ?? ""),
         ctx.esc(units),
-        line.serviceLineRate === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(line.serviceLineRate.toString()),
-        line.nonCoveredCharge === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(line.nonCoveredCharge.toString())
+        line.serviceLineRate === void 0 ? "" : escDec2(line.serviceLineRate, ctx.esc),
+        line.nonCoveredCharge === void 0 ? "" : escDec2(line.nonCoveredCharge, ctx.esc)
       ])
     );
   } else {
@@ -4586,7 +4787,7 @@ function emitServiceLine2(variant, line, lineNumber, body, ctx) {
       ctx.seg([
         "SV3",
         proc,
-        ctx.esc(line.charge.toString()),
+        escDec2(line.charge, ctx.esc),
         ctx.esc(line.placeOfServiceCode ?? ""),
         cavity,
         ctx.esc(line.prosthesisCrownInlayCode ?? ""),
@@ -4605,7 +4806,7 @@ function emitServiceLine2(variant, line, lineNumber, body, ctx) {
           "",
           "",
           "",
-          drug.quantity === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(drug.quantity.toString()),
+          drug.quantity === void 0 ? "" : escDec2(drug.quantity, ctx.esc),
           ctx.esc(drug.unitOfMeasure ?? "")
         ])
       );
@@ -4635,10 +4836,10 @@ function emitAdjudication(adj, body, ctx) {
     ctx.seg([
       "SVD",
       ctx.esc(adj.otherPayerId),
-      ctx.esc(adj.amountPaid.toString()),
+      escDec2(adj.amountPaid, ctx.esc),
       proc,
       "",
-      adj.paidUnits === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(adj.paidUnits.toString())
+      adj.paidUnits === void 0 ? "" : escDec2(adj.paidUnits, ctx.esc)
     ])
   );
   emitCasGroup2(adj.adjustments, "build837: adjudication.adjustments", body, ctx);
@@ -4663,8 +4864,8 @@ function emitCasGroup2(raw, at, body, ctx) {
       if (adj === void 0 || adj.groupCode !== groupCode) break;
       parts.push(
         ctx.esc(adj.reasonCode),
-        ctx.esc(adj.amount.toString()),
-        adj.quantity === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(adj.quantity.toString())
+        escDec2(adj.amount, ctx.esc),
+        adj.quantity === void 0 ? "" : escDec2(adj.quantity, ctx.esc)
       );
       triples += 1;
       i += 1;
@@ -4735,7 +4936,7 @@ function emitNote(note, body, ctx) {
   body.push(ctx.seg(["NTE", ctx.esc(note.noteReferenceCode), ctx.esc(note.description)]));
 }
 function emitAmount(amt, body, ctx) {
-  body.push(ctx.seg(["AMT", ctx.esc(amt.qualifier), ctx.esc(amt.amount.toString())]));
+  body.push(ctx.seg(["AMT", ctx.esc(amt.qualifier), escDec2(amt.amount, ctx.esc)]));
 }
 function emitHi(hi, body, ctx) {
   const composite = ctx.comp([
@@ -4743,8 +4944,10 @@ function emitHi(hi, body, ctx) {
     hi.code,
     hi.dateQualifier ?? "",
     hi.date ?? "",
-    hi.monetaryAmount === void 0 ? "" : hi.monetaryAmount.toString(),
-    hi.quantity === void 0 ? "" : hi.quantity.toString(),
+    // `decStr`, not `escDec`: `ctx.comp` maps `esc` over every component, so
+    // escaping here would double-release an active delimiter.
+    hi.monetaryAmount === void 0 ? "" : decStr(hi.monetaryAmount),
+    hi.quantity === void 0 ? "" : decStr(hi.quantity),
     hi.versionId ?? "",
     "",
     hi.poaIndicator ?? ""
@@ -5056,6 +5259,7 @@ function get271Eligibility(delimiters, tx) {
     const seg = body[i];
     if (seg === void 0) continue;
     const position = { segmentIndex: i + 1, transactionIndex: 0 };
+    const sink = { warnings, position };
     switch (seg.id) {
       case "HL": {
         const hl = decodeHl2(seg, delimiters);
@@ -5159,7 +5363,7 @@ function get271Eligibility(delimiters, tx) {
       case "EB": {
         flushBenefit();
         if (currentSubscriber === void 0 && currentDependent === void 0) break;
-        currentBenefit = openBenefit(seg, delimiters);
+        currentBenefit = openBenefit(seg, delimiters, sink);
         break;
       }
       case "MSG": {
@@ -5256,7 +5460,7 @@ function decodeDtp2(seg, delimiters) {
     value
   });
 }
-function openBenefit(seg, delimiters) {
+function openBenefit(seg, delimiters, sink) {
   const serviceTypeCodes = [];
   for (const code of getAllSegmentValues(seg, "03", delimiters)) {
     if (code === "") continue;
@@ -5271,10 +5475,10 @@ function openBenefit(seg, delimiters) {
     insuranceTypeCode: elementOptional(seg, 4, delimiters),
     planCoverageDescription: elementOptional(seg, 5, delimiters),
     timePeriodQualifier: elementOptional(seg, 6, delimiters),
-    monetaryAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 7, delimiters),
-    percent: elementDecimal(seg, 8, delimiters),
+    monetaryAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 7, delimiters, sink),
+    percent: elementDecimal(seg, 8, delimiters, sink),
     quantityQualifier: elementOptional(seg, 9, delimiters),
-    quantity: elementDecimal(seg, 10, delimiters),
+    quantity: elementDecimal(seg, 10, delimiters, sink),
     authorizationRequired: elementOptional(seg, 11, delimiters),
     inPlanNetwork: elementOptional(seg, 12, delimiters),
     references: [],
@@ -5377,6 +5581,9 @@ function refuseSpec3(message) {
     message
   );
 }
+function escDec3(value, esc) {
+  return esc(requireCallerDecimal(value, "build271", refuseSpec3).toString());
+}
 var X279A1_VERSION_RELEASE = "005010X279A1";
 var X12_271_FUNCTIONAL_ID = "HB";
 var X12_AGENCY_CODE3 = "X";
@@ -5396,6 +5603,7 @@ function build271(spec) {
   };
   const esc = makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, "build271", refuseSpec3);
   const seg = (parts) => {
+    requireCallerSegment(parts, "build271", refuseSpec3);
     let end = parts.length;
     while (end > 1 && parts[end - 1] === "") end -= 1;
     return parts.slice(0, end).join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
@@ -5433,8 +5641,8 @@ function build271(spec) {
     X12_271_FUNCTIONAL_ID,
     esc(applicationSenderCode),
     esc(applicationReceiverCode),
-    groupDate,
-    groupTime,
+    esc(groupDate),
+    esc(groupTime),
     esc(envelope.groupControlNumber),
     X12_AGENCY_CODE3,
     X279A1_VERSION_RELEASE
@@ -5604,10 +5812,10 @@ function emitBenefit(benefit, body, ctx) {
       ctx.esc(benefit.insuranceTypeCode ?? ""),
       ctx.esc(benefit.planCoverageDescription ?? ""),
       ctx.esc(benefit.timePeriodQualifier ?? ""),
-      benefit.monetaryAmount === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(benefit.monetaryAmount.toString()),
-      benefit.percent === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(benefit.percent.toString()),
+      benefit.monetaryAmount === void 0 ? "" : escDec3(benefit.monetaryAmount, ctx.esc),
+      benefit.percent === void 0 ? "" : escDec3(benefit.percent, ctx.esc),
       ctx.esc(benefit.quantityQualifier ?? ""),
-      benefit.quantity === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(benefit.quantity.toString()),
+      benefit.quantity === void 0 ? "" : escDec3(benefit.quantity, ctx.esc),
       ctx.esc(benefit.authorizationRequired ?? ""),
       ctx.esc(benefit.inPlanNetwork ?? "")
     ])
@@ -5814,6 +6022,7 @@ function walk277(delimiters, tx) {
     const seg = body[i];
     if (seg === void 0) continue;
     const position = { segmentIndex: i + 1, transactionIndex: 0 };
+    const sink = { warnings, position };
     switch (seg.id) {
       case "HL": {
         flushClaim();
@@ -5891,7 +6100,7 @@ function walk277(delimiters, tx) {
       case "SVC": {
         flushServiceLine();
         if (currentClaim === void 0) currentClaim = openClaim3();
-        currentServiceLine = openServiceLine3(seg, delimiters);
+        currentServiceLine = openServiceLine3(seg, delimiters, sink);
         break;
       }
       case "REF": {
@@ -5965,6 +6174,7 @@ function decodeDtp3(seg, delimiters) {
   });
 }
 function decodeStc(seg, delimiters, warnings, position) {
+  const sink = { warnings, position };
   const statuses = [];
   for (const elementIndex of [1, 10, 11]) {
     const code = decodeStatusComposite(seg, elementIndex, delimiters, warnings, position);
@@ -5973,8 +6183,8 @@ function decodeStc(seg, delimiters, warnings, position) {
   return Object.freeze({
     statusEffectiveDate: elementOptional(seg, 2, delimiters),
     actionCode: elementOptional(seg, 3, delimiters),
-    totalChargeAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 4, delimiters),
-    paymentAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 5, delimiters),
+    totalChargeAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 4, delimiters, sink),
+    paymentAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 5, delimiters, sink),
     adjudicationDate: elementOptional(seg, 6, delimiters),
     message: elementOptional(seg, 12, delimiters),
     statuses: Object.freeze(statuses)
@@ -6001,7 +6211,7 @@ function decodeStatusComposite(seg, n, delimiters, warnings, position) {
     entityCode
   });
 }
-function openServiceLine3(seg, delimiters) {
+function openServiceLine3(seg, delimiters, sink) {
   const modifiers = [];
   for (let comp = 3; comp <= 6; comp += 1) {
     const m = componentOptional(seg, 1, comp, delimiters);
@@ -6011,9 +6221,13 @@ function openServiceLine3(seg, delimiters) {
     serviceIdQualifier: componentOptional(seg, 1, 1, delimiters),
     procedureCode: componentOptional(seg, 1, 2, delimiters),
     modifiers,
-    lineChargeAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 2, delimiters),
-    linePaymentAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 3, delimiters),
+    lineChargeAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 2, delimiters, sink),
+    linePaymentAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 3, delimiters, sink),
     revenueCode: elementOptional(seg, 4, delimiters),
+    // SVC-07. SVC-05 (Quantity) and SVC-06 (a second composite) are NOT USED
+    // in both X212 and X214, so they are deliberately left unread rather than
+    // decoded "for symmetry" with the 835, whose SVC-05 IS the paid count.
+    unitsOfService: elementDecimal(seg, 7, delimiters, sink),
     statuses: [],
     references: [],
     dates: []
@@ -6027,6 +6241,7 @@ function freezeServiceLine3(acc) {
     lineChargeAmount: acc.lineChargeAmount,
     linePaymentAmount: acc.linePaymentAmount,
     revenueCode: acc.revenueCode,
+    unitsOfService: acc.unitsOfService,
     statuses: Object.freeze(acc.statuses.slice()),
     references: Object.freeze(acc.references.slice()),
     dates: Object.freeze(acc.dates.slice())
@@ -6075,6 +6290,9 @@ function refuseSpec4(message) {
     message
   );
 }
+function escDec4(value, esc) {
+  return esc(requireCallerDecimal(value, "build277", refuseSpec4).toString());
+}
 var X12_277_FUNCTIONAL_ID = "HN";
 var X12_AGENCY_CODE4 = "X";
 var HL_LEVEL3 = {
@@ -6092,7 +6310,7 @@ function build277CA(spec) {
 }
 function buildClaimStatus(version, spec) {
   const { envelope } = spec;
-  enforceStructuralSpec4(spec);
+  enforceStructuralSpec4(version, spec);
   const elementSeparator = envelope.elementSeparator ?? "*";
   const repetitionSeparator = envelope.repetitionSeparator ?? "^";
   const componentSeparator = envelope.componentSeparator ?? ":";
@@ -6105,6 +6323,7 @@ function buildClaimStatus(version, spec) {
   };
   const esc = makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, "build277", refuseSpec4);
   const seg = (parts) => {
+    requireCallerSegment(parts, "build277", refuseSpec4);
     let end = parts.length;
     while (end > 1 && parts[end - 1] === "") end -= 1;
     return parts.slice(0, end).join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
@@ -6148,8 +6367,8 @@ function buildClaimStatus(version, spec) {
     X12_277_FUNCTIONAL_ID,
     esc(applicationSenderCode),
     esc(applicationReceiverCode),
-    groupDate,
-    groupTime,
+    esc(groupDate),
+    esc(groupTime),
     esc(envelope.groupControlNumber),
     X12_AGENCY_CODE4,
     version
@@ -6168,7 +6387,7 @@ function buildClaimStatus(version, spec) {
   const raw = isa + gs + st + body.join("") + se + ge + iea;
   return parseX12(raw);
 }
-function enforceStructuralSpec4(spec) {
+function enforceStructuralSpec4(version, spec) {
   const sources = requireCallerArray(
     spec.informationSources,
     "build277: spec.informationSources",
@@ -6226,13 +6445,13 @@ function enforceStructuralSpec4(spec) {
         for (let u = 0; u < subscribers.length; u += 1) {
           const subscriber = subscribers[u];
           if (subscriber === void 0) continue;
-          enforceSubscriber(subscriber, `${locator}.subscriber[${String(u)}]`);
+          enforceSubscriber(version, subscriber, `${locator}.subscriber[${String(u)}]`);
         }
       }
     }
   }
 }
-function enforceSubscriber(subscriber, locator) {
+function enforceSubscriber(version, subscriber, locator) {
   const claims = requireCallerArray(
     subscriber.claims,
     `build277: subscriber at ${locator}: claims`,
@@ -6251,7 +6470,8 @@ function enforceSubscriber(subscriber, locator) {
   }
   for (let c = 0; c < claims.length; c += 1) {
     const claim = claims[c];
-    if (claim !== void 0) enforceClaim2(claim, `${locator}.claim[${String(c)}]`, c === 0);
+    if (claim !== void 0)
+      enforceClaim2(version, claim, `${locator}.claim[${String(c)}]`, c === 0);
   }
   for (let d = 0; d < dependents.length; d += 1) {
     const dependent = dependents[d];
@@ -6270,11 +6490,12 @@ function enforceSubscriber(subscriber, locator) {
     }
     for (let c = 0; c < depClaims.length; c += 1) {
       const claim = depClaims[c];
-      if (claim !== void 0) enforceClaim2(claim, `${depLocator}.claim[${String(c)}]`, c === 0);
+      if (claim !== void 0)
+        enforceClaim2(version, claim, `${depLocator}.claim[${String(c)}]`, c === 0);
     }
   }
 }
-function enforceClaim2(claim, locator, isFirst) {
+function enforceClaim2(version, claim, locator, isFirst) {
   const statuses = requireCallerArray(
     claim.statuses,
     `build277: claim at ${locator}: statuses`,
@@ -6303,6 +6524,12 @@ function enforceClaim2(claim, locator, isFirst) {
   for (let l = 0; l < serviceLines.length; l += 1) {
     const line = serviceLines[l];
     if (line === void 0) continue;
+    if (version === "005010X212" && line.unitsOfService === void 0) {
+      throw new ClaimStatus277BuildError(
+        CLAIM_STATUS_277_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_277_BUILD_INVALID_SPEC,
+        `build277: service line at ${locator}.line[${String(l)}] has no unitsOfService, and SVC-07 is a required element in 005010X212. Supply the submitted count; it is never defaulted. In 005010X214 it is situational, so build277CA accepts the same line.`
+      );
+    }
     const lineStatuses = requireCallerArray(
       line.statuses,
       `build277: claim at ${locator}.line[${String(l)}]: statuses`,
@@ -6396,9 +6623,12 @@ function emitServiceLine3(line, body, ctx) {
     ctx.seg([
       "SVC",
       svc01,
-      line.lineChargeAmount === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(line.lineChargeAmount.toString()),
-      line.linePaymentAmount === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(line.linePaymentAmount.toString()),
-      ctx.esc(line.revenueCode ?? "")
+      line.lineChargeAmount === void 0 ? "" : escDec4(line.lineChargeAmount, ctx.esc),
+      line.linePaymentAmount === void 0 ? "" : escDec4(line.linePaymentAmount, ctx.esc),
+      ctx.esc(line.revenueCode ?? ""),
+      "",
+      "",
+      line.unitsOfService === void 0 ? "" : escDec4(line.unitsOfService, ctx.esc)
     ])
   );
   for (const status of line.statuses ?? []) emitStatus(status, body, ctx);
@@ -6417,8 +6647,8 @@ function emitStatus(status, body, ctx) {
       composite(0),
       ctx.esc(status.statusEffectiveDate ?? ""),
       ctx.esc(status.actionCode ?? ""),
-      status.totalChargeAmount === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(status.totalChargeAmount.toString()),
-      status.paymentAmount === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(status.paymentAmount.toString()),
+      status.totalChargeAmount === void 0 ? "" : escDec4(status.totalChargeAmount, ctx.esc),
+      status.paymentAmount === void 0 ? "" : escDec4(status.paymentAmount, ctx.esc),
       ctx.esc(status.adjudicationDate ?? ""),
       "",
       "",
@@ -6588,9 +6818,11 @@ function get820Payments(delimiters, tx) {
   for (let i = 0; i < body.length; i += 1) {
     const seg = body[i];
     if (seg === void 0) continue;
+    const position = { segmentIndex: i + 1, transactionIndex: 0 };
+    const sink = { warnings, position };
     switch (seg.id) {
       case "BPR": {
-        payment = decodeBpr2(seg, delimiters);
+        payment = decodeBpr2(seg, delimiters, sink);
         break;
       }
       case "TRN": {
@@ -6657,13 +6889,13 @@ function get820Payments(delimiters, tx) {
       }
       case "RMR": {
         if (current === void 0) break;
-        const item = decodeRmr(seg, delimiters);
+        const item = decodeRmr(seg, delimiters, sink);
         if (item !== void 0) current.openItems.push(item);
         break;
       }
       case "ADX": {
         if (current === void 0) break;
-        const adjustment = decodeAdx(seg, delimiters);
+        const adjustment = decodeAdx(seg, delimiters, sink);
         if (adjustment !== void 0) current.adjustments.push(adjustment);
         break;
       }
@@ -6715,10 +6947,10 @@ function freezeRemittance(acc) {
     adjustments: Object.freeze(acc.adjustments.slice())
   });
 }
-function decodeBpr2(seg, delimiters) {
+function decodeBpr2(seg, delimiters, sink) {
   return Object.freeze({
     transactionHandlingCode: elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters),
-    totalPremiumAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters),
+    totalPremiumAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters, sink),
     creditDebitFlag: elementValue(seg, 3, delimiters),
     method: elementValue(seg, 4, delimiters),
     paymentFormatCode: elementOptional(seg, 5, delimiters),
@@ -6786,7 +7018,7 @@ function decodeNm13(seg, delimiters) {
     idCode: elementOptional(seg, 9, delimiters)
   });
 }
-function decodeRmr(seg, delimiters) {
+function decodeRmr(seg, delimiters, sink) {
   const qualifier = elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters);
   const referenceId = elementValue(seg, 2, delimiters);
   if (qualifier === "" && referenceId === "") return void 0;
@@ -6794,12 +7026,12 @@ function decodeRmr(seg, delimiters) {
     qualifier,
     referenceId,
     paymentActionCode: elementOptional(seg, 3, delimiters),
-    amountPaid: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 4, delimiters),
-    amountDue: elementDecimal(seg, 5, delimiters)
+    amountPaid: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 4, delimiters, sink),
+    amountDue: elementDecimal(seg, 5, delimiters, sink)
   });
 }
-function decodeAdx(seg, delimiters) {
-  const amount = elementDecimal(seg, 1, delimiters);
+function decodeAdx(seg, delimiters, sink) {
+  const amount = elementDecimal(seg, 1, delimiters, sink);
   if (amount === void 0) return void 0;
   return Object.freeze({
     amount,
@@ -6860,6 +7092,9 @@ var Premium820BuildError = class extends Error {
 function refuseSpec5(message) {
   throw new Premium820BuildError(PREMIUM_820_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_820_BUILD_INVALID_SPEC, message);
 }
+function escDec5(value, esc) {
+  return esc(requireCallerDecimal(value, "build820", refuseSpec5).toString());
+}
 var X218_VERSION_RELEASE = "005010X218";
 var X12_820_FUNCTIONAL_ID = "RA";
 var X12_AGENCY_CODE5 = "X";
@@ -6878,6 +7113,7 @@ function build820(spec) {
   };
   const esc = makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, "build820", refuseSpec5);
   const seg = (parts) => {
+    requireCallerSegment(parts, "build820", refuseSpec5);
     let end = parts.length;
     while (end > 1 && parts[end - 1] === "") end -= 1;
     return parts.slice(0, end).join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
@@ -6933,9 +7169,9 @@ function build820(spec) {
     // GS-02
     esc(applicationReceiverCode),
     // GS-03
-    groupDate,
+    esc(groupDate),
     // GS-04 - CCYYMMDD
-    groupTime,
+    esc(groupTime),
     // GS-05 - HHMM
     esc(envelope.groupControlNumber),
     // GS-06
@@ -6951,7 +7187,7 @@ function build820(spec) {
     seg([
       "BPR",
       esc(spec.payment.transactionHandlingCode),
-      esc(spec.payment.totalPremiumAmount.toString()),
+      escDec5(spec.payment.totalPremiumAmount, esc),
       esc(spec.payment.creditDebitFlag),
       esc(spec.payment.method),
       esc(spec.payment.paymentFormatCode ?? ""),
@@ -7108,7 +7344,7 @@ function emitRemittance(remittance, body, seg, esc) {
     body.push(
       seg([
         "ADX",
-        esc(adjustment.amount.toString()),
+        escDec5(adjustment.amount, esc),
         esc(adjustment.reasonCode),
         esc(adjustment.referenceQualifier ?? ""),
         esc(adjustment.referenceId ?? "")
@@ -7138,8 +7374,8 @@ function emitOpenItem(item, seg, esc) {
     esc(item.qualifier),
     esc(item.referenceId),
     esc(item.paymentActionCode ?? ""),
-    esc(item.amountPaid.toString()),
-    item.amountDue === void 0 ? "" : esc(item.amountDue.toString())
+    escDec5(item.amountPaid, esc),
+    item.amountDue === void 0 ? "" : escDec5(item.amountDue, esc)
   ]);
 }
 function emitRef5(ref, seg, esc) {
@@ -7370,7 +7606,8 @@ async function* get834Enrollments(delimiters, tx) {
       }
       case "AMT": {
         if (currentCoverage === void 0) break;
-        const amount = decodeAmt3(seg, delimiters);
+        const sink = { warnings: current.warnings, position };
+        const amount = decodeAmt3(seg, delimiters, sink);
         if (amount !== void 0) currentCoverage.amounts.push(amount);
         break;
       }
@@ -7496,8 +7733,8 @@ function decodeDtp4(seg, delimiters) {
     value
   });
 }
-function decodeAmt3(seg, delimiters) {
-  const amount = elementDecimal(seg, 2, delimiters);
+function decodeAmt3(seg, delimiters, sink) {
+  const amount = elementDecimal(seg, 2, delimiters, sink);
   if (amount === void 0) return void 0;
   return Object.freeze({
     qualifier: elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters),
@@ -7559,6 +7796,9 @@ function refuseSpec6(message) {
     message
   );
 }
+function escDec6(value, esc) {
+  return esc(requireCallerDecimal(value, "build834", refuseSpec6).toString());
+}
 var X220A1_VERSION_RELEASE = "005010X220A1";
 var X12_834_FUNCTIONAL_ID = "BE";
 var X12_AGENCY_CODE6 = "X";
@@ -7579,6 +7819,7 @@ function build834(spec) {
   };
   const esc = makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, "build834", refuseSpec6);
   const seg = (parts) => {
+    requireCallerSegment(parts, "build834", refuseSpec6);
     let end = parts.length;
     while (end > 1 && parts[end - 1] === "") end -= 1;
     return parts.slice(0, end).join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
@@ -7634,9 +7875,9 @@ function build834(spec) {
     // GS-02
     esc(applicationReceiverCode),
     // GS-03
-    groupDate,
+    esc(groupDate),
     // GS-04 - CCYYMMDD
-    groupTime,
+    esc(groupTime),
     // GS-05 - HHMM
     esc(envelope.groupControlNumber),
     // GS-06
@@ -7817,7 +8058,7 @@ function emitCoverage(coverage, body, seg, esc) {
   );
   for (const date of coverage.dates ?? []) body.push(emitDate4(date, seg, esc));
   for (const amount of coverage.amounts ?? []) {
-    body.push(seg(["AMT", esc(amount.qualifier), esc(amount.amount.toString())]));
+    body.push(seg(["AMT", esc(amount.qualifier), escDec6(amount.amount, esc)]));
   }
 }
 function emitRef6(ref, seg, esc) {
@@ -8225,6 +8466,7 @@ var HL_LEVEL4 = {
   DEPENDENT: "23"
 };
 var DEFAULT_REVIEW_LEVEL = "EV";
+var REVIEW_LEVEL_CODES = Object.freeze(["EV", "SS"]);
 function build278Request(spec) {
   return buildServicesReview("005010X217", "request", spec);
 }
@@ -8246,6 +8488,7 @@ function buildServicesReview(version, direction, spec) {
   };
   const esc = makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, "build278", refuseSpec7);
   const seg = (parts) => {
+    requireCallerSegment(parts, "build278", refuseSpec7);
     let end = parts.length;
     while (end > 1 && parts[end - 1] === "") end -= 1;
     return parts.slice(0, end).join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
@@ -8289,8 +8532,8 @@ function buildServicesReview(version, direction, spec) {
     X12_278_FUNCTIONAL_ID,
     esc(applicationSenderCode),
     esc(applicationReceiverCode),
-    groupDate,
-    groupTime,
+    esc(groupDate),
+    esc(groupTime),
     esc(envelope.groupControlNumber),
     X12_AGENCY_CODE7,
     version
@@ -8362,6 +8605,13 @@ function enforceStructuralSpec7(spec, direction) {
   }
 }
 function enforceReview(review, locator, direction) {
+  const resolvedLevel = review.levelCode ?? DEFAULT_REVIEW_LEVEL;
+  if (!REVIEW_LEVEL_CODES.includes(resolvedLevel)) {
+    throw new ServicesReview278BuildError(
+      AUTH_278_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_278_BUILD_INVALID_SPEC,
+      `build278: review at ${locator} has HL-03 level code ${renderCallerValue(resolvedLevel)}; a review level must be "EV" (patient event) or "SS" (service). A level outside those two emits a well-formed document whose review loop no reader opens, so the review and its HCR-01 certification decision would not decode.`
+    );
+  }
   if (review.requestCategoryCode === "") {
     throw new ServicesReview278BuildError(
       AUTH_278_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_278_BUILD_INVALID_SPEC,
@@ -8419,7 +8669,7 @@ function emitReview(review, parentHlId, direction, body, ctx, counter) {
   const nested = review.reviews ?? [];
   const hasChild = nested.length > 0 ? "1" : "0";
   const levelCode = review.levelCode ?? DEFAULT_REVIEW_LEVEL;
-  body.push(ctx.seg(["HL", hlId, parentHlId, levelCode, hasChild]));
+  body.push(ctx.seg(["HL", hlId, parentHlId, ctx.esc(levelCode), hasChild]));
   for (const trace of review.traces ?? []) {
     body.push(
       ctx.seg([
@@ -9066,13 +9316,13 @@ function build999(spec) {
       // GS-02
       esc(envelope.receiverId),
       // GS-03
-      groupDate,
+      esc(groupDate),
       // GS-04 - CCYYMMDD
-      groupTime,
+      esc(groupTime),
       // GS-05 - HHMM
-      envelope.groupControlNumber,
+      esc(envelope.groupControlNumber),
       // GS-06
-      groupResponsibleAgency,
+      esc(groupResponsibleAgency),
       // GS-07
       X231A1_VERSION_RELEASE
       // GS-08 - the 999 TR3
@@ -9082,7 +9332,7 @@ function build999(spec) {
   );
   const stControlNumber = envelope.transactionSetControlNumber;
   const st = joinSeg(
-    ["ST", "999", stControlNumber, X231A1_VERSION_RELEASE],
+    ["ST", "999", esc(stControlNumber), X231A1_VERSION_RELEASE],
     elementSeparator,
     segmentTerminator
   );
@@ -9115,8 +9365,16 @@ function build999(spec) {
   const ak9 = buildAk9(functionalGroup, esc, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator);
   const bodySegments = [st, ak1, ...responseSegments, ak9];
   const seCount = bodySegments.length + 1;
-  const se = joinSeg(["SE", String(seCount), stControlNumber], elementSeparator, segmentTerminator);
-  const ge = joinSeg(["GE", "1", envelope.groupControlNumber], elementSeparator, segmentTerminator);
+  const se = joinSeg(
+    ["SE", String(seCount), esc(stControlNumber)],
+    elementSeparator,
+    segmentTerminator
+  );
+  const ge = joinSeg(
+    ["GE", "1", esc(envelope.groupControlNumber)],
+    elementSeparator,
+    segmentTerminator
+  );
   const iea = joinSeg(["IEA", "1", interchangeControlNumber], elementSeparator, segmentTerminator);
   const raw = isa + gs + bodySegments.join("") + se + ge + iea;
   return parseX12(raw);
@@ -9238,7 +9496,7 @@ function buildIk4(elemError, esc, componentSeparator, elementSeparator, segmentT
   return joinSeg(parts, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator);
 }
 function buildIk5(response, esc, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator) {
-  const parts = ["IK5", response.disposition];
+  const parts = ["IK5", esc(response.disposition)];
   const codes = response.syntaxErrorCodes ?? [];
   if (codes.length > 5) {
     throw new AckBuildError(
@@ -9252,7 +9510,7 @@ function buildIk5(response, esc, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator) {
 function buildAk9(group, esc, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator) {
   const parts = [
     "AK9",
-    group.disposition,
+    esc(group.disposition),
     String(group.numberOfTransactionSets),
     String(group.numberOfReceivedTransactionSets),
     String(group.numberOfAcceptedTransactionSets)
@@ -9268,6 +9526,7 @@ function buildAk9(group, esc, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator) {
   return joinSeg(parts, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator);
 }
 function joinSeg(parts, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator) {
+  requireCallerSegment(parts, "build999", refuseSpec8);
   return parts.join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
 }
 function pad8(value, width) {
@@ -9622,6 +9881,7 @@ function buildTransaction(tx, esc, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator) {
   return st + bodySegments + se;
 }
 function joinSeg2(parts, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator) {
+  requireCallerSegment(parts, "buildInterchange", refuseSpec9);
   return parts.join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
 }
 function pad9(value, width) {
@@ -9930,8 +10190,8 @@ var profiles = Object.freeze({
 });
 
 // src/index.ts
-var VERSION = "0.0.9";
+var VERSION = "0.0.11";
 
-export { ACK_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, ALL_WARNING_MESSAGES, AUTH_278_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000A, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000B, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000C, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000D, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000E, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000F, AckBuildError, BALANCE_INVARIANTS, BUILD_REFUSAL_VALUE_MAX_LENGTH, BUILD_REFUSAL_VALUE_MAX_RENDERED, CARC, CLAIM_837D_LOOP_2000A, CLAIM_837D_LOOP_2300, CLAIM_837D_LOOP_2400, CLAIM_837I_LOOP_2000A, CLAIM_837I_LOOP_2300, CLAIM_837I_LOOP_2400, CLAIM_837P_LOOP_2000A, CLAIM_837P_LOOP_2300, CLAIM_837P_LOOP_2400, CLAIM_837P_LOOP_2410, CLAIM_837_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, CLAIM_837_LOOP_1000A, CLAIM_837_LOOP_1000B, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2010AA, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2010BA, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2010BB, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2010CA, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2430, CLAIM_ADJUSTMENT_GROUP_CODES, CLAIM_STATUS_277_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, CLAIM_STATUS_CATEGORY_CODES, CLAIM_STATUS_CODES, CLP_STATUS, CONTROL_NUMBER_PAIRS, Claim837BuildError, ClaimStatus277BuildError, DELIMITER_POSITIONS, ELIGIBILITY_271_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2000A, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2000B, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2000C, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2000D, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2100C, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2100D, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2110, ENROLLMENT_834_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_1000A, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_1000B, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_2000, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_2100A, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_2300, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_2320, Eligibility271BuildError, Enrollment834BuildError, FATAL_CODES, HI_QUALIFIERS, HL_LEVEL_CODES, IK3_SYNTAX_ERROR_CODES, IK4_SYNTAX_ERROR_CODES, ISA_MIN_LENGTH, LoopSpecDefinitionError, MAINTENANCE_TYPE_CODES, NM1_QUALIFIERS, NON_SPEC_SEGMENT_ID, PREMIUM_820_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_1000A, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_1000B, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_2000A, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_2100A, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_2300A, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_2310A, Premium820BuildError, RARC, RELEASE_CHAR, REMIT_835_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, REMIT_835_LOOP_1000A, REMIT_835_LOOP_1000B, REMIT_835_LOOP_2000, REMIT_835_LOOP_2100, REMIT_835_LOOP_2110, REQUIRED_LOOPS, Remit835BuildError, SERVICE_TYPE_CODES, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000A, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000B, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000C, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000D, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000E, STATUS_277_LOOP_2200, STATUS_277_LOOP_2220, ServicesReview278BuildError, TA1_ACK_CODES, TA1_NOTE_CODES, UNEXPECTED_SEGMENT_CONTEXTS, VERSION, WARNING_CODES, X12BuildError, X12Decimal, X12ParseError, X12ProfileError, X12_ACK_DISPOSITION_CODES, X12_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, build271, build277, build277CA, build278Request, build278Response, build820, build834, build835, build837D, build837I, build837P, build999, buildInterchange, buildTA1, checkClaimBalance, checkRemitTotalBalance, checkServiceLineBalance, collectElementValues, componentOptional, controlNumberMismatch, danglingReleaseChar, decodeSegment, defineLoopSpec, defineProfile, detectDelimiters, elementDecimal, elementDecimalOrZero, elementOptional, elementValue, escapeRelease, get271Eligibility, get277CADisposition, get277Status, get278Request, get278Response, get820Payments, get834Enrollments, get834Header, get835, get837Claims, getAllSegmentValues, getDefaultProfile, getSegmentValue, groupCountMismatch, hlParentLevelInvalid, hlParentMismatch, isAcceptDisposition, isClaimAdjustmentGroupCode, isDiagnosisQualifier, isProcedureQualifier, lookupCarc, lookupClaimStatus, lookupClaimStatusCategory, lookupClpStatus, lookupMaintenanceType, lookupRarc, lookupServiceType, missingGe, missingIea, missingRequiredLoop, missingSe, parse999, parseTA1, parseX12, partitionWarnings, pre005010, profiles, remitBalanceMismatch, renderCallerValue, resolveHiQualifier, segmentCountMismatch, serializeX12, setDefaultProfile, trailingGarbage, transactionCountMismatch, unescapeRelease, unexpectedSegment, unknown837Variant, unknownCarc, unknownClaimStatus, unknownClaimStatusCategory, unknownHiQualifier, unknownMaintenanceType, unknownRarc };
+export { ACK_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, ALL_WARNING_MESSAGES, AUTH_278_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000A, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000B, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000C, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000D, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000E, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000F, AckBuildError, BALANCE_INVARIANTS, BUILD_REFUSAL_VALUE_MAX_LENGTH, BUILD_REFUSAL_VALUE_MAX_RENDERED, CARC, CLAIM_837D_LOOP_2000A, CLAIM_837D_LOOP_2300, CLAIM_837D_LOOP_2400, CLAIM_837I_LOOP_2000A, CLAIM_837I_LOOP_2300, CLAIM_837I_LOOP_2400, CLAIM_837P_LOOP_2000A, CLAIM_837P_LOOP_2300, CLAIM_837P_LOOP_2400, CLAIM_837P_LOOP_2410, CLAIM_837_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, CLAIM_837_LOOP_1000A, CLAIM_837_LOOP_1000B, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2010AA, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2010BA, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2010BB, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2010CA, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2430, CLAIM_ADJUSTMENT_GROUP_CODES, CLAIM_STATUS_277_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, CLAIM_STATUS_CATEGORY_CODES, CLAIM_STATUS_CODES, CLP_STATUS, CONTROL_NUMBER_PAIRS, Claim837BuildError, ClaimStatus277BuildError, DELIMITER_POSITIONS, ELIGIBILITY_271_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2000A, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2000B, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2000C, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2000D, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2100C, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2100D, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2110, ENROLLMENT_834_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_1000A, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_1000B, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_2000, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_2100A, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_2300, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_2320, Eligibility271BuildError, Enrollment834BuildError, FATAL_CODES, HI_QUALIFIERS, HL_LEVEL_CODES, IK3_SYNTAX_ERROR_CODES, IK4_SYNTAX_ERROR_CODES, ISA_MIN_LENGTH, LoopSpecDefinitionError, MAINTENANCE_TYPE_CODES, NM1_QUALIFIERS, NON_SPEC_SEGMENT_ID, PREMIUM_820_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_1000A, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_1000B, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_2000A, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_2100A, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_2300A, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_2310A, Premium820BuildError, RARC, RELEASE_CHAR, REMIT_835_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, REMIT_835_LOOP_1000A, REMIT_835_LOOP_1000B, REMIT_835_LOOP_2000, REMIT_835_LOOP_2100, REMIT_835_LOOP_2110, REQUIRED_LOOPS, Remit835BuildError, SERVICE_TYPE_CODES, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000A, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000B, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000C, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000D, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000E, STATUS_277_LOOP_2200, STATUS_277_LOOP_2220, ServicesReview278BuildError, TA1_ACK_CODES, TA1_NOTE_CODES, UNEXPECTED_SEGMENT_CONTEXTS, VERSION, WARNING_CODES, X12BuildError, X12Decimal, X12ParseError, X12ProfileError, X12_ACK_DISPOSITION_CODES, X12_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, build271, build277, build277CA, build278Request, build278Response, build820, build834, build835, build837D, build837I, build837P, build999, buildInterchange, buildTA1, checkClaimBalance, checkRemitTotalBalance, checkServiceLineBalance, collectElementValues, componentOptional, controlNumberMismatch, danglingReleaseChar, decodeSegment, defineLoopSpec, defineProfile, detectDelimiters, elementDecimal, elementDecimalOrZero, elementOptional, elementValue, entitySegmentDiscardedAfterLx, escapeRelease, get271Eligibility, get277CADisposition, get277Status, get278Request, get278Response, get820Payments, get834Enrollments, get834Header, get835, get837Claims, getAllSegmentValues, getDefaultProfile, getSegmentValue, groupCountMismatch, hlParentLevelInvalid, hlParentMismatch, isAcceptDisposition, isClaimAdjustmentGroupCode, isDiagnosisQualifier, isProcedureQualifier, lookupCarc, lookupClaimStatus, lookupClaimStatusCategory, lookupClpStatus, lookupMaintenanceType, lookupRarc, lookupServiceType, missingGe, missingIea, missingRequiredLoop, missingSe, parse999, parseTA1, parseX12, partitionWarnings, pre005010, profiles, readElementDecimal, remitBalanceMismatch, renderCallerValue, resolveHiQualifier, segmentCountMismatch, serializeX12, serviceLineDropped, serviceLineNotDecoded, serviceSegmentWithoutLx, setDefaultProfile, trailingGarbage, transactionCountMismatch, unescapeRelease, unexpectedSegment, unknown837Variant, unknownCarc, unknownClaimStatus, unknownClaimStatusCategory, unknownHiQualifier, unknownMaintenanceType, unknownRarc, unparseableDecimal };
 //# sourceMappingURL=index.mjs.map
 //# sourceMappingURL=index.mjs.map