@cosyte/x12 0.0.8 → 0.0.10

package/dist/index.mjs

@@ -138,7 +138,10 @@ var WARNING_CODES = {
   X12_837_UNKNOWN_VARIANT: "X12_837_UNKNOWN_VARIANT",
   X12_UNKNOWN_CLAIM_STATUS_CATEGORY: "X12_UNKNOWN_CLAIM_STATUS_CATEGORY",
   X12_UNKNOWN_CLAIM_STATUS: "X12_UNKNOWN_CLAIM_STATUS",
-  X12_834_UNKNOWN_MAINTENANCE_TYPE: "X12_834_UNKNOWN_MAINTENANCE_TYPE"
+  X12_834_UNKNOWN_MAINTENANCE_TYPE: "X12_834_UNKNOWN_MAINTENANCE_TYPE",
+  X12_UNPARSEABLE_DECIMAL: "X12_UNPARSEABLE_DECIMAL",
+  X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_NOT_DECODED: "X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_NOT_DECODED",
+  X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_DROPPED: "X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_DROPPED"
 };
 var CONTROL_NUMBER_PAIRS = {
   /** ISA-13 against IEA-02. */
@@ -211,7 +214,10 @@ var WARNING_MESSAGES = {
   X12_837_UNKNOWN_VARIANT: `837 variant could not be resolved: ST-03's implementation convention reference is not one of "005010X222A2" / "005010X223A3" / "005010X224A2", and no SVx service-line segment was present to fall back on. The verbatim reference is preserved on the model.`,
   X12_UNKNOWN_CLAIM_STATUS_CATEGORY: "Unknown claim status category (CSCC): the STC composite's first component is outside the bundled snapshot. The verbatim code is preserved on the status; only its description is unavailable.",
   X12_UNKNOWN_CLAIM_STATUS: "Unknown claim status code (CSC): the STC composite's second component is outside the bundled snapshot. The verbatim code is preserved on the status; only its description is unavailable.",
-  X12_834_UNKNOWN_MAINTENANCE_TYPE: "Unknown 834 maintenance type: the INS-03/HD-01 code is outside the bundled snapshot. The verbatim code is preserved on the enrollment and the action is NEVER inferred."
+  X12_834_UNKNOWN_MAINTENANCE_TYPE: "Unknown 834 maintenance type: the INS-03/HD-01 code is outside the bundled snapshot. The verbatim code is preserved on the enrollment and the action is NEVER inferred.",
+  X12_UNPARSEABLE_DECIMAL: "Unparseable decimal: the element at `position.elementIndex` held bytes this library could not decode as a decimal, so NO value was decoded from it. Whatever occupies that slot on the model, including 0 and undefined, is a stand-in and is NOT a value the sender supplied. The verbatim bytes are preserved on the segment; read them there before acting on the amount, quantity or percent.",
+  X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_NOT_DECODED: "837 service line with no decoded service segment: the Loop 2400 line opened at `position.segmentIndex` is followed by no SV1 / SV2 / SV3 matching the variant this submission resolved to, so NOTHING carried by the service segment was read. The line's `charge` and `units` hold 0 as a stand-in and are NOT values the sender supplied; its procedure code, modifiers, unit of measure and place of service are equally undecoded. Two common causes: the line carries no SVx at all, or it carries one for a different 837 variant than ST-03 (or the caller's `type` option) named. Which side is wrong is NOT decided here, because a caller-supplied `type` can disagree with a perfectly conformant document. The verbatim segments are preserved on the transaction set; read them there before acting on the charge or the quantity.",
+  X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_DROPPED: "837 service line dropped from the typed model: the LX at `position.segmentIndex` opened no Loop 2400, so no line appears on any claim's `serviceLines` for it and the SV1 / SV2 / SV3 that followed - its charge, units, procedure code and modifiers - was read into nothing. Compare `X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_NOT_DECODED`, where the line IS on the model and only its service segment went unread. Two causes: no Loop 2300 (CLM) is open at this LX, so there is no claim to attach a line to; or the submission's variant is not one of P / I / D, so no variant-specific line shape could be built. Read `submission.variant` and `submission.claims` to tell them apart; do NOT expect `X12_837_UNKNOWN_VARIANT` alongside this code, because a caller-supplied `type` outside P / I / D reaches the second cause without it. Nothing is fabricated to stand in for the missing line and no claim is synthesized. What becomes of a DTP / AMT / NTE / REF that follows the dropped LX depends on the route and this message does not say; see KNOWN-LIMITATIONS.md. The verbatim segments are preserved on the transaction set; read them there before concluding the claim had no service lines."
 };
 var ALL_WARNING_MESSAGES = new Set(
   Object.values(WARNING_MESSAGES)
@@ -372,6 +378,20 @@ function unknown837Variant(position) {
     position
   };
 }
+function serviceLineNotDecoded(position) {
+  return {
+    code: WARNING_CODES.X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_NOT_DECODED,
+    message: WARNING_MESSAGES.X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_NOT_DECODED,
+    position
+  };
+}
+function serviceLineDropped(position) {
+  return {
+    code: WARNING_CODES.X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_DROPPED,
+    message: WARNING_MESSAGES.X12_837_SERVICE_LINE_DROPPED,
+    position
+  };
+}
 function unknownClaimStatusCategory(position) {
   return {
     code: WARNING_CODES.X12_UNKNOWN_CLAIM_STATUS_CATEGORY,
@@ -393,6 +413,13 @@ function unknownMaintenanceType(position) {
     position
   };
 }
+function unparseableDecimal(position) {
+  return {
+    code: WARNING_CODES.X12_UNPARSEABLE_DECIMAL,
+    message: WARNING_MESSAGES.X12_UNPARSEABLE_DECIMAL,
+    position
+  };
+}
 
 // src/parser/release.ts
 var RELEASE_CHAR = "?";
@@ -424,6 +451,9 @@ function unescapeRelease(input, delimiters, emit, position) {
   return out;
 }
 function escapeRelease(value, delimiters) {
+  if (typeof value !== "string") {
+    throw new TypeError(`escapeRelease: value must be a string, received ${typeof value}.`);
+  }
   if (value.length === 0) return value;
   let out = "";
   for (let i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
@@ -903,13 +933,26 @@ function componentOptional(seg, n, p, delimiters) {
   const v = getSegmentValue(seg, `${String(n).padStart(2, "0")}-${String(p)}`, delimiters);
   return v === void 0 || v === "" ? void 0 : v;
 }
-function elementDecimal(seg, n, delimiters) {
+function readElementDecimal(seg, n, delimiters) {
   const raw = elementOptional(seg, n, delimiters);
-  if (raw === void 0) return void 0;
-  return X12Decimal.fromString(raw);
+  if (raw === void 0) return { value: void 0, status: "absent" };
+  const value = X12Decimal.fromString(raw);
+  if (value === void 0) return { value: void 0, status: "unparseable" };
+  return { value, status: "decoded" };
+}
+function elementDecimal(seg, n, delimiters, sink) {
+  const read = readElementDecimal(seg, n, delimiters);
+  if (read.status === "unparseable" && sink !== void 0) {
+    sink.warnings.push(unparseableDecimal({ ...sink.position, elementIndex: n }));
+  }
+  return read.value;
 }
-function elementDecimalOrZero(seg, n, delimiters) {
-  return elementDecimal(seg, n, delimiters) ?? X12Decimal.ZERO;
+function elementDecimalOrZero(seg, n, delimiters, sink) {
+  const read = readElementDecimal(seg, n, delimiters);
+  if (read.status === "unparseable" && sink !== void 0) {
+    sink.warnings.push(unparseableDecimal({ ...sink.position, elementIndex: n }));
+  }
+  return read.value ?? X12Decimal.ZERO;
 }
 function collectElementValues(seg, start, end, delimiters) {
   const out = [];
@@ -1415,6 +1458,7 @@ function defineLoopSpec(input) {
 // src/code-lists/meta.ts
 function makeLookup(snapshot) {
   return (code) => {
+    if (!Object.hasOwn(snapshot.codes, code)) return void 0;
     const description = snapshot.codes[code];
     if (description === void 0) return void 0;
     return Object.freeze({ code, description });
@@ -1663,7 +1707,7 @@ var CLAIM_ADJUSTMENT_GROUP_CODES = {
   PI: "PI"
 };
 function isClaimAdjustmentGroupCode(value) {
-  return value in CLAIM_ADJUSTMENT_GROUP_CODES;
+  return Object.hasOwn(CLAIM_ADJUSTMENT_GROUP_CODES, value);
 }
 
 // src/code-lists/rarc.ts
@@ -1803,6 +1847,7 @@ var HI_QUALIFIERS = {
   }
 };
 function resolveHiQualifier(qualifier) {
+  if (!Object.hasOwn(HI_QUALIFIERS, qualifier)) return void 0;
   return HI_QUALIFIERS[qualifier];
 }
 function isDiagnosisQualifier(qualifier) {
@@ -1912,9 +1957,10 @@ function get835(delimiters, tx) {
     const seg = body[i];
     if (seg === void 0) continue;
     const position = { segmentIndex: i + 1, transactionIndex: 0 };
+    const sink = { warnings, position };
     switch (seg.id) {
       case "BPR": {
-        payment = decodeBpr(seg, delimiters);
+        payment = decodeBpr(seg, delimiters, sink);
         bprSegmentIndex = position.segmentIndex;
         break;
       }
@@ -1989,7 +2035,7 @@ function get835(delimiters, tx) {
       case "CLP": {
         flushClaim();
         lastParty = void 0;
-        currentClaim = openClaim(seg, delimiters, position.segmentIndex);
+        currentClaim = openClaim(seg, delimiters, position.segmentIndex, sink);
         break;
       }
       case "CAS": {
@@ -2041,7 +2087,7 @@ function get835(delimiters, tx) {
         break;
       }
       case "AMT": {
-        const amount = decodeAmt(seg, delimiters);
+        const amount = decodeAmt(seg, delimiters, sink);
         if (amount === void 0) break;
         if (currentServiceLine !== void 0) currentServiceLine.amounts.push(amount);
         else if (currentClaim !== void 0) currentClaim.amounts.push(amount);
@@ -2060,12 +2106,12 @@ function get835(delimiters, tx) {
       }
       case "SVC": {
         flushServiceLine();
-        currentServiceLine = openServiceLine(seg, delimiters);
+        currentServiceLine = openServiceLine(seg, delimiters, sink);
         break;
       }
       case "PLB": {
         flushClaim();
-        for (const p of decodePlb(seg, delimiters)) providerAdjustments.push(p);
+        for (const p of decodePlb(seg, delimiters, sink)) providerAdjustments.push(p);
         break;
       }
     }
@@ -2096,10 +2142,10 @@ function get835(delimiters, tx) {
     warnings: Object.freeze(warnings.slice())
   });
 }
-function decodeBpr(seg, delimiters) {
+function decodeBpr(seg, delimiters, sink) {
   return Object.freeze({
     transactionHandlingCode: elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters),
-    totalActualPayment: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters),
+    totalActualPayment: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters, sink),
     creditDebitFlag: elementValue(seg, 3, delimiters),
     method: elementValue(seg, 4, delimiters),
     paymentFormatCode: elementOptional(seg, 5, delimiters),
@@ -2158,8 +2204,8 @@ function decodePer(seg, delimiters) {
     communications: Object.freeze(comms)
   });
 }
-function decodeAmt(seg, delimiters) {
-  const amount = elementDecimal(seg, 2, delimiters);
+function decodeAmt(seg, delimiters, sink) {
+  const amount = elementDecimal(seg, 2, delimiters, sink);
   if (amount === void 0) return void 0;
   return Object.freeze({
     qualifier: elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters),
@@ -2195,13 +2241,14 @@ function collectMoaRemarks(seg, delimiters) {
   return out;
 }
 function decodeCasAdjustments(seg, delimiters, warnings, position) {
+  const sink = { warnings, position };
   const groupCode = elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters);
   const out = [];
   for (let triple = 0; triple < 6; triple += 1) {
     const base = 2 + triple * 3;
     const reasonCode = elementOptional(seg, base, delimiters);
-    const amount = elementDecimal(seg, base + 1, delimiters);
-    const quantity = elementDecimal(seg, base + 2, delimiters);
+    const amount = elementDecimal(seg, base + 1, delimiters, sink);
+    const quantity = elementDecimal(seg, base + 2, delimiters, sink);
     if (reasonCode === void 0 && amount === void 0) continue;
     const code = reasonCode ?? "";
     const entry = code === "" ? void 0 : lookupCarc(code);
@@ -2245,7 +2292,7 @@ function decodeNm1(seg, delimiters) {
     })
   };
 }
-function openClaim(seg, delimiters, clpSegmentIndex) {
+function openClaim(seg, delimiters, clpSegmentIndex, sink) {
   const claimStatusCode = elementValue(seg, 2, delimiters);
   const claimStatusDescription = lookupClpStatus(claimStatusCode)?.description;
   const facilityTypeCode = componentOptional(seg, 8, 1, delimiters) ?? elementOptional(seg, 8, delimiters);
@@ -2255,9 +2302,9 @@ function openClaim(seg, delimiters, clpSegmentIndex) {
     patientControlNumber: elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters),
     claimStatusCode,
     claimStatusDescription,
-    totalChargeAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 3, delimiters),
-    totalPaymentAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 4, delimiters),
-    patientResponsibilityAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 5, delimiters),
+    totalChargeAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 3, delimiters, sink),
+    totalPaymentAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 4, delimiters, sink),
+    patientResponsibilityAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 5, delimiters, sink),
     claimFilingIndicatorCode: elementOptional(seg, 6, delimiters),
     payerClaimControlNumber: elementOptional(seg, 7, delimiters),
     facilityTypeCode,
@@ -2276,7 +2323,7 @@ function openClaim(seg, delimiters, clpSegmentIndex) {
     serviceLines: []
   };
 }
-function openServiceLine(seg, delimiters) {
+function openServiceLine(seg, delimiters, sink) {
   const productServiceIdQualifier = componentOptional(seg, 1, 1, delimiters) ?? "";
   const productServiceId = componentOptional(seg, 1, 2, delimiters) ?? "";
   const modifiers = [];
@@ -2284,18 +2331,20 @@ function openServiceLine(seg, delimiters) {
     const m = componentOptional(seg, 1, comp, delimiters);
     if (m !== void 0) modifiers.push(m);
   }
-  const revenueCode = elementOptional(seg, 5, delimiters);
-  const paidUnitsOfService = elementDecimal(seg, 7, delimiters);
+  const revenueCode = elementOptional(seg, 4, delimiters);
+  const paidUnitsOfService = elementDecimal(seg, 5, delimiters, sink);
+  const originalUnitsOfService = elementDecimal(seg, 7, delimiters, sink);
   const originalServiceIdQualifier = componentOptional(seg, 6, 1, delimiters);
   const originalServiceId = componentOptional(seg, 6, 2, delimiters);
   return {
     productServiceIdQualifier,
     productServiceId,
     modifiers,
-    chargeAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters),
-    paymentAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 3, delimiters),
+    chargeAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters, sink),
+    paymentAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 3, delimiters, sink),
     revenueCode,
     paidUnitsOfService,
+    originalUnitsOfService,
     originalServiceId,
     originalServiceIdQualifier,
     serviceDateStart: void 0,
@@ -2321,13 +2370,13 @@ function attachServiceLineDtm(line, seg, delimiters) {
   if (qualifier === "472" || qualifier === "150") line.serviceDateStart = date;
   if (qualifier === "472" || qualifier === "151") line.serviceDateEnd = date;
 }
-function decodePlb(seg, delimiters) {
+function decodePlb(seg, delimiters, sink) {
   const providerId = elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters);
   const fiscalPeriodDate = elementValue(seg, 2, delimiters);
   const out = [];
   for (let pair = 0; pair < 6; pair += 1) {
     const composite = 3 + pair * 2;
-    const amount = elementDecimal(seg, composite + 1, delimiters);
+    const amount = elementDecimal(seg, composite + 1, delimiters, sink);
     const reasonCode = componentOptional(seg, composite, 1, delimiters);
     const subCode = componentOptional(seg, composite, 2, delimiters);
     if (amount === void 0 && reasonCode === void 0) continue;
@@ -2391,6 +2440,7 @@ function freezeServiceLine(acc) {
     paymentAmount: acc.paymentAmount,
     revenueCode: acc.revenueCode,
     paidUnitsOfService: acc.paidUnitsOfService,
+    originalUnitsOfService: acc.originalUnitsOfService,
     originalServiceId: acc.originalServiceId,
     originalServiceIdQualifier: acc.originalServiceIdQualifier,
     serviceDateStart: acc.serviceDateStart,
@@ -2506,10 +2556,75 @@ function isRealArray(value) {
   return Array.isArray(value);
 }
 
+// src/builder/caller-decimal.ts
+function describeCallerDecimal(value) {
+  if (value === null) return "null";
+  if (value === void 0) return "undefined";
+  const type = typeof value;
+  if (type === "object") return Array.isArray(value) ? "an array" : "an object";
+  if (type === "function") return "a function";
+  return `a ${type} (${renderCallerValue(value)})`;
+}
+function requireCallerDecimal(value, at, refuse) {
+  if (value instanceof X12Decimal) return value;
+  refuse(
+    `${at}: every numeric element value must be an X12Decimal, but received ${describeCallerDecimal(value)}. Values are never coerced - a JavaScript number has no X12 lexical form (0.1 + 0.2 renders as "0.30000000000000004", 1e21 as "1e+21", NaN as "NaN"), and rounding one here would guess a scale the caller never stated. Build it with X12Decimal.fromString() at the call site.`
+  );
+}
+
+// src/builder/caller-segment.ts
+function describeSegmentValue(value) {
+  if (value === null) return "null";
+  if (value === void 0) return "undefined";
+  const type = typeof value;
+  if (type === "object") return Array.isArray(value) ? "an array" : "an object";
+  if (type === "function") return "a function";
+  return `a ${type} (${renderCallerValue(value)})`;
+}
+function locateSlot(parts, index) {
+  const id = parts[0];
+  const position = String(index).padStart(2, "0");
+  if (typeof id !== "string" || id.length === 0) return `element ${String(index)}`;
+  return `${renderCallerValue(id)}-${position}`;
+}
+function requireCallerSegment(parts, at, refuse) {
+  let index = 0;
+  for (const part of parts) {
+    if (typeof part !== "string") {
+      refuse(
+        `${at}: ${locateSlot(parts, index)} must be a string, but received ${describeSegmentValue(part)}. Values are never coerced - a JavaScript number cannot carry a leading-zero identifier, so converting here could emit a different value than the caller sent. Convert at the call site.`
+      );
+    }
+    index += 1;
+  }
+}
+
+// src/builder/caller-string.ts
+function describeCallerValue(value) {
+  if (value === null) return "null";
+  if (value === void 0) return "undefined";
+  const type = typeof value;
+  if (type === "object") return Array.isArray(value) ? "an array" : "an object";
+  if (type === "function") return "a function";
+  return `a ${type} (${renderCallerValue(value)})`;
+}
+function requireCallerString(value, at, refuse) {
+  if (typeof value === "string") return value;
+  refuse(
+    `${at}: every element value must be a string, but received ${describeCallerValue(value)}. Values are never coerced - a JavaScript number cannot carry a leading-zero identifier, so converting here could emit a different value than the caller sent. Convert at the call site.`
+  );
+}
+function makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, at, refuse) {
+  return (value) => escapeRelease(requireCallerString(value, at, refuse), delimiters);
+}
+
 // src/transactions/remit/build-835.ts
 function refuseSpec(message) {
   throw new Remit835BuildError(REMIT_835_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_835_BUILD_INVALID_SPEC, message);
 }
+function escDec(value, esc) {
+  return esc(requireCallerDecimal(value, "build835", refuseSpec).toString());
+}
 var X221A1_VERSION_RELEASE = "005010X221A1";
 var X12_835_FUNCTIONAL_ID = "HP";
 var X12_AGENCY_CODE = "X";
@@ -2531,8 +2646,9 @@ function build835(spec) {
     component: componentSeparator,
     segment: segmentTerminator
   };
-  const esc = (value) => escapeRelease(value, delimiters);
+  const esc = makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, "build835", refuseSpec);
   const seg = (parts) => {
+    requireCallerSegment(parts, "build835", refuseSpec);
     let end = parts.length;
     while (end > 1 && parts[end - 1] === "") end -= 1;
     return parts.slice(0, end).join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
@@ -2594,9 +2710,9 @@ function build835(spec) {
     // GS-02
     esc(applicationReceiverCode),
     // GS-03
-    groupDate,
+    esc(groupDate),
     // GS-04 - CCYYMMDD
-    groupTime,
+    esc(groupTime),
     // GS-05 - HHMM
     esc(envelope.groupControlNumber),
     // GS-06
@@ -2612,7 +2728,7 @@ function build835(spec) {
     seg([
       "BPR",
       esc(spec.payment.transactionHandlingCode),
-      esc(spec.payment.totalActualPayment.toString()),
+      escDec(spec.payment.totalActualPayment, esc),
       esc(spec.payment.creditDebitFlag),
       esc(spec.payment.method),
       esc(spec.payment.paymentFormatCode ?? ""),
@@ -2747,6 +2863,7 @@ function materializeServiceLine(spec) {
     paymentAmount: spec.paymentAmount,
     revenueCode: spec.revenueCode,
     paidUnitsOfService: spec.paidUnitsOfService,
+    originalUnitsOfService: spec.originalUnitsOfService,
     originalServiceId: spec.originalServiceId,
     originalServiceIdQualifier: spec.originalServiceIdQualifier,
     serviceDateStart: spec.serviceDateStart,
@@ -2842,9 +2959,9 @@ function emitClaim(claim, body, seg, esc, comp) {
       "CLP",
       esc(claim.patientControlNumber),
       esc(claim.claimStatusCode),
-      esc(claim.totalChargeAmount.toString()),
-      esc(claim.totalPaymentAmount.toString()),
-      esc(claim.patientResponsibilityAmount.toString()),
+      escDec(claim.totalChargeAmount, esc),
+      escDec(claim.totalPaymentAmount, esc),
+      escDec(claim.patientResponsibilityAmount, esc),
       esc(claim.claimFilingIndicatorCode ?? ""),
       esc(claim.payerClaimControlNumber ?? ""),
       comp([claim.facilityTypeCode ?? "", "", claim.claimFrequencyCode ?? ""])
@@ -2866,7 +2983,7 @@ function emitClaim(claim, body, seg, esc, comp) {
   }
   for (const ref of claim.references ?? []) body.push(emitRef(ref, seg, esc));
   for (const amt of claim.amounts ?? []) {
-    body.push(seg(["AMT", esc(amt.qualifier), esc(amt.amount.toString())]));
+    body.push(seg(["AMT", esc(amt.qualifier), escDec(amt.amount, esc)]));
   }
   for (const remark of claim.remarks ?? []) {
     body.push(seg(["LQ", esc(remark.system), esc(remark.code)]));
@@ -2886,20 +3003,24 @@ function emitServiceLine(line, body, seg, esc, comp) {
     seg([
       "SVC",
       svc01,
-      esc(line.chargeAmount.toString()),
-      esc(line.paymentAmount.toString()),
-      "",
-      // SVC-04 - revenue code is SVC-05 in X221A1; SVC-04 unused
+      escDec(line.chargeAmount, esc),
+      escDec(line.paymentAmount, esc),
+      // SVC-04 is the NUBC revenue code (element 234, Product/Service ID) and
+      // SVC-05 is the Units of Service PAID Count (element 380, Quantity).
+      // SVC-07 is the ORIGINAL (submitted) units, a different quantity from
+      // SVC-05 - so the two never share a field. See the SVC note in
+      // KNOWN-LIMITATIONS.md for the sources.
       esc(line.revenueCode ?? ""),
+      line.paidUnitsOfService === void 0 ? "" : escDec(line.paidUnitsOfService, esc),
       svc06,
-      line.paidUnitsOfService === void 0 ? "" : esc(line.paidUnitsOfService.toString())
+      line.originalUnitsOfService === void 0 ? "" : escDec(line.originalUnitsOfService, esc)
     ])
   );
   emitServiceLineDtm(line, body, seg, esc);
   emitCasGroup(line.adjustments, "build835: serviceLine.adjustments", body, seg, esc);
   for (const ref of line.references ?? []) body.push(emitRef(ref, seg, esc));
   for (const amt of line.amounts ?? []) {
-    body.push(seg(["AMT", esc(amt.qualifier), esc(amt.amount.toString())]));
+    body.push(seg(["AMT", esc(amt.qualifier), escDec(amt.amount, esc)]));
   }
   for (const remark of line.remarks ?? []) {
     body.push(seg(["LQ", esc(remark.system), esc(remark.code)]));
@@ -2931,8 +3052,8 @@ function emitCasGroup(raw, at, body, seg, esc) {
       if (adj === void 0 || adj.groupCode !== groupCode) break;
       parts.push(
         esc(adj.reasonCode),
-        esc(adj.amount.toString()),
-        adj.quantity === void 0 ? "" : esc(adj.quantity.toString())
+        escDec(adj.amount, esc),
+        adj.quantity === void 0 ? "" : escDec(adj.quantity, esc)
       );
       triples += 1;
       i += 1;
@@ -2990,7 +3111,7 @@ function emitProviderAdjustments(raw, at, body, seg, esc, comp) {
       if (adj === void 0 || adj.providerId !== providerId || adj.fiscalPeriodDate !== fiscalPeriodDate) {
         break;
       }
-      parts.push(comp([adj.reasonCode, adj.subCode ?? ""]), esc(adj.amount.toString()));
+      parts.push(comp([adj.reasonCode, adj.subCode ?? ""]), escDec(adj.amount, esc));
       pairs += 1;
       i += 1;
     }
@@ -3088,13 +3209,22 @@ var REMIT_835_LOOP_1000B = defineLoopSpec({
   ]
 });
 
+// src/parser/lookup.ts
+function wireLookup(entries) {
+  const table = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.create(null);
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(entries)) {
+    table[key] = value;
+  }
+  return Object.freeze(table);
+}
+
 // src/transactions/claim/get-837.ts
-var VARIANT_BY_ICR = Object.freeze({
+var VARIANT_BY_ICR = wireLookup({
   "005010X222A2": "P",
   "005010X223A3": "I",
   "005010X224A2": "D"
 });
-var VARIANT_BY_SV_SEGMENT = Object.freeze({
+var VARIANT_BY_SV_SEGMENT = wireLookup({
   SV1: "P",
   SV2: "I",
   SV3: "D"
@@ -3115,7 +3245,7 @@ var NM1_QUALIFIERS = Object.freeze({
   PAYER: "PR",
   PATIENT: "QC"
 });
-var EXPECTED_PARENT_LEVEL = Object.freeze({
+var EXPECTED_PARENT_LEVEL = wireLookup({
   [HL_LEVEL_CODES.INFORMATION_SOURCE]: void 0,
   [HL_LEVEL_CODES.SUBSCRIBER]: HL_LEVEL_CODES.INFORMATION_SOURCE,
   [HL_LEVEL_CODES.DEPENDENT]: HL_LEVEL_CODES.SUBSCRIBER
@@ -3170,6 +3300,9 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
   const flushServiceLine = () => {
     flushAdjudication();
     if (currentServiceLine !== void 0 && currentClaim !== void 0) {
+      if (!currentServiceLine.serviceSegmentDecoded) {
+        warnings.push(serviceLineNotDecoded(currentServiceLine.position));
+      }
       currentClaim.serviceLines.push(freezeServiceLine2(currentServiceLine));
     }
     currentServiceLine = void 0;
@@ -3243,6 +3376,7 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
     const seg = body[i];
     if (seg === void 0) continue;
     const position = { segmentIndex: i + 1, transactionIndex: 0 };
+    const sink = { warnings, position };
     switch (seg.id) {
       case "HL": {
         flushClaim();
@@ -3390,16 +3524,21 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
             warnings.push(missingRequiredLoop(position, REQUIRED_LOOPS.PAYER_NAME_2010BB));
           }
         }
-        currentClaim = openClaim2(seg, delimiters, {
-          variant,
-          hierarchy: currentPatientHl ?? currentSubscriberHl,
-          billingProvider,
-          payToAddress,
-          payToPlan,
-          subscriber: currentSubscriberMember,
-          payer: currentPayer,
-          patient: currentPatientMember
-        });
+        currentClaim = openClaim2(
+          seg,
+          delimiters,
+          {
+            variant,
+            hierarchy: currentPatientHl ?? currentSubscriberHl,
+            billingProvider,
+            payToAddress,
+            payToPlan,
+            subscriber: currentSubscriberMember,
+            payer: currentPayer,
+            patient: currentPatientMember
+          },
+          sink
+        );
         activeEntity = void 0;
         context = { kind: "loop2300" };
         break;
@@ -3438,7 +3577,7 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
         break;
       }
       case "AMT": {
-        const amount = decodeAmt2(seg, delimiters);
+        const amount = decodeAmt2(seg, delimiters, sink);
         if (amount === void 0) break;
         if (currentAdjudication !== void 0) break;
         if (currentServiceLine !== void 0) currentServiceLine.amounts.push(amount);
@@ -3447,22 +3586,26 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
       }
       case "LX": {
         flushServiceLine();
-        if (currentClaim === void 0) break;
-        currentServiceLine = openServiceLine2(seg, delimiters, currentClaim.variant);
+        if (currentClaim === void 0) {
+          warnings.push(serviceLineDropped(position));
+          break;
+        }
+        currentServiceLine = openServiceLine2(seg, delimiters, currentClaim.variant, position);
+        if (currentServiceLine === void 0) warnings.push(serviceLineDropped(position));
         activeEntity = void 0;
         context = { kind: "loop2400" };
         break;
       }
       case "SV1": {
-        if (currentServiceLine !== void 0) decodeSv1(currentServiceLine, seg, delimiters);
+        if (currentServiceLine !== void 0) decodeSv1(currentServiceLine, seg, delimiters, sink);
         break;
       }
       case "SV2": {
-        if (currentServiceLine !== void 0) decodeSv2(currentServiceLine, seg, delimiters);
+        if (currentServiceLine !== void 0) decodeSv2(currentServiceLine, seg, delimiters, sink);
         break;
       }
       case "SV3": {
-        if (currentServiceLine !== void 0) decodeSv3(currentServiceLine, seg, delimiters);
+        if (currentServiceLine !== void 0) decodeSv3(currentServiceLine, seg, delimiters, sink);
         break;
       }
       case "TOO": {
@@ -3488,7 +3631,7 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
         }
         currentServiceLine.drug = {
           ...currentServiceLine.drug,
-          quantity: elementDecimal(seg, 4, delimiters),
+          quantity: elementDecimal(seg, 4, delimiters, sink),
           unitOfMeasure: componentOptional(seg, 5, 1, delimiters)
         };
         break;
@@ -3496,7 +3639,7 @@ function get837Claims(delimiters, tx, opts) {
       case "SVD": {
         flushAdjudication();
         if (currentServiceLine === void 0) break;
-        currentAdjudication = openAdjudication(seg, delimiters);
+        currentAdjudication = openAdjudication(seg, delimiters, sink);
         break;
       }
       case "CAS": {
@@ -3674,19 +3817,20 @@ function decodeNte(seg, delimiters) {
     description: note
   });
 }
-function decodeAmt2(seg, delimiters) {
-  const amount = elementDecimal(seg, 2, delimiters);
+function decodeAmt2(seg, delimiters, sink) {
+  const amount = elementDecimal(seg, 2, delimiters, sink);
   if (amount === void 0) return void 0;
   return Object.freeze({ qualifier: elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters), amount });
 }
 function decodeCas(seg, delimiters, warnings, position) {
+  const sink = { warnings, position };
   const groupCode = elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters);
   const out = [];
   for (let triple = 0; triple < 6; triple += 1) {
     const base = 2 + triple * 3;
     const reasonCode = elementOptional(seg, base, delimiters);
-    const amount = elementDecimal(seg, base + 1, delimiters);
-    const quantity = elementDecimal(seg, base + 2, delimiters);
+    const amount = elementDecimal(seg, base + 1, delimiters, sink);
+    const quantity = elementDecimal(seg, base + 2, delimiters, sink);
     if (reasonCode === void 0 && amount === void 0) continue;
     const code = reasonCode ?? "";
     const entry = code === "" ? void 0 : lookupCarc(code);
@@ -3721,7 +3865,7 @@ var EMPTY_SUBSCRIBER_INFO = Object.freeze({
   groupName: void 0,
   claimFilingIndicator: void 0
 });
-function openClaim2(seg, delimiters, ctx) {
+function openClaim2(seg, delimiters, ctx, sink) {
   const {
     variant,
     hierarchy,
@@ -3742,7 +3886,7 @@ function openClaim2(seg, delimiters, ctx) {
     payer,
     patient,
     claimId: elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters),
-    totalCharge: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters),
+    totalCharge: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters, sink),
     placeOfServiceCode: componentOptional(seg, 5, 1, delimiters),
     facilityCodeQualifier: componentOptional(seg, 5, 2, delimiters),
     claimFrequencyCode: componentOptional(seg, 5, 3, delimiters),
@@ -3762,10 +3906,12 @@ function openClaim2(seg, delimiters, ctx) {
     serviceLines: []
   };
 }
-function openServiceLine2(seg, delimiters, variant) {
+function openServiceLine2(seg, delimiters, variant, position) {
   const lineNumber = elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters);
   const base = {
     lineNumber,
+    position,
+    serviceSegmentDecoded: false,
     charge: X12Decimal.ZERO,
     units: X12Decimal.ZERO,
     unitOfMeasure: void 0,
@@ -3817,8 +3963,9 @@ function openServiceLine2(seg, delimiters, variant) {
   }
   return void 0;
 }
-function decodeSv1(acc, seg, delimiters) {
+function decodeSv1(acc, seg, delimiters, sink) {
   if (acc.variant !== "P") return;
+  acc.serviceSegmentDecoded = true;
   acc.procedureQualifier = componentOptional(seg, 1, 1, delimiters) ?? "";
   acc.procedureCode = componentOptional(seg, 1, 2, delimiters) ?? "";
   const mods = [];
@@ -3827,9 +3974,9 @@ function decodeSv1(acc, seg, delimiters) {
     if (m !== void 0) mods.push(m);
   }
   acc.modifiers = mods;
-  acc.charge = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters);
+  acc.charge = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters, sink);
   acc.unitOfMeasure = elementOptional(seg, 3, delimiters);
-  acc.units = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 4, delimiters);
+  acc.units = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 4, delimiters, sink);
   acc.placeOfServiceCode = elementOptional(seg, 5, delimiters);
   const pointers = [];
   for (let p = 1; p <= 4; p += 1) {
@@ -3841,8 +3988,9 @@ function decodeSv1(acc, seg, delimiters) {
   acc.epsdtIndicator = elementOptional(seg, 11, delimiters);
   acc.familyPlanningIndicator = elementOptional(seg, 12, delimiters);
 }
-function decodeSv2(acc, seg, delimiters) {
+function decodeSv2(acc, seg, delimiters, sink) {
   if (acc.variant !== "I") return;
+  acc.serviceSegmentDecoded = true;
   acc.revenueCode = elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters);
   acc.procedureQualifier = componentOptional(seg, 2, 1, delimiters);
   acc.procedureCode = componentOptional(seg, 2, 2, delimiters);
@@ -3852,14 +4000,15 @@ function decodeSv2(acc, seg, delimiters) {
     if (m !== void 0) mods.push(m);
   }
   acc.modifiers = mods;
-  acc.charge = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 3, delimiters);
+  acc.charge = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 3, delimiters, sink);
   acc.unitOfMeasure = elementOptional(seg, 4, delimiters);
-  acc.units = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 5, delimiters);
-  acc.serviceLineRate = elementDecimal(seg, 6, delimiters);
-  acc.nonCoveredCharge = elementDecimal(seg, 7, delimiters);
+  acc.units = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 5, delimiters, sink);
+  acc.serviceLineRate = elementDecimal(seg, 6, delimiters, sink);
+  acc.nonCoveredCharge = elementDecimal(seg, 7, delimiters, sink);
 }
-function decodeSv3(acc, seg, delimiters) {
+function decodeSv3(acc, seg, delimiters, sink) {
   if (acc.variant !== "D") return;
+  acc.serviceSegmentDecoded = true;
   acc.procedureQualifier = componentOptional(seg, 1, 1, delimiters) ?? "";
   acc.procedureCode = componentOptional(seg, 1, 2, delimiters) ?? "";
   const mods = [];
@@ -3868,7 +4017,7 @@ function decodeSv3(acc, seg, delimiters) {
     if (m !== void 0) mods.push(m);
   }
   acc.modifiers = mods;
-  acc.charge = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters);
+  acc.charge = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters, sink);
   acc.placeOfServiceCode = elementOptional(seg, 3, delimiters);
   const cavities = [];
   for (let p = 1; p <= 5; p += 1) {
@@ -3877,15 +4026,15 @@ function decodeSv3(acc, seg, delimiters) {
   }
   acc.oralCavityArea = cavities;
   acc.prosthesisCrownInlayCode = elementOptional(seg, 5, delimiters);
-  acc.units = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 6, delimiters);
+  acc.units = elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 6, delimiters, sink);
 }
-function openAdjudication(seg, delimiters) {
+function openAdjudication(seg, delimiters, sink) {
   return {
     otherPayerId: elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters),
-    amountPaid: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters),
+    amountPaid: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters, sink),
     procedureQualifier: componentOptional(seg, 3, 1, delimiters),
     procedureCode: componentOptional(seg, 3, 2, delimiters),
-    paidUnits: elementDecimal(seg, 5, delimiters),
+    paidUnits: elementDecimal(seg, 5, delimiters, sink),
     adjustments: [],
     dateAdjudicated: void 0
   };
@@ -4177,6 +4326,12 @@ function refuseHierarchy(message) {
 function refuseSpec2(message) {
   throw new Claim837BuildError(CLAIM_837_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_837_BUILD_INVALID_SPEC, message);
 }
+function decStr(value) {
+  return requireCallerDecimal(value, "build837", refuseSpec2).toString();
+}
+function escDec2(value, esc) {
+  return esc(decStr(value));
+}
 var VERSION_BY_VARIANT = {
   P: "005010X222A2",
   I: "005010X223A3",
@@ -4208,8 +4363,9 @@ function buildClaim837(variant, spec) {
     component: componentSeparator,
     segment: segmentTerminator
   };
-  const esc = (value) => escapeRelease(value, delimiters);
+  const esc = makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, "build837", refuseSpec2);
   const seg = (parts) => {
+    requireCallerSegment(parts, "build837", refuseSpec2);
     let end = parts.length;
     while (end > 1 && parts[end - 1] === "") end -= 1;
     return parts.slice(0, end).join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
@@ -4253,8 +4409,8 @@ function buildClaim837(variant, spec) {
     X12_837_FUNCTIONAL_ID,
     esc(applicationSenderCode),
     esc(applicationReceiverCode),
-    groupDate,
-    groupTime,
+    esc(groupDate),
+    esc(groupTime),
     esc(envelope.groupControlNumber),
     X12_AGENCY_CODE2,
     versionRelease
@@ -4469,7 +4625,7 @@ function emitClaim2(variant, claim, body, ctx) {
     ctx.seg([
       "CLM",
       ctx.esc(claim.claimId),
-      ctx.esc(claim.totalCharge.toString()),
+      escDec2(claim.totalCharge, ctx.esc),
       "",
       "",
       ctx.comp([
@@ -4517,8 +4673,8 @@ function emitOtherSubscriber(other, body, ctx) {
   if (other.otherPayer !== void 0) emitEntity(other.otherPayer, body, ctx);
 }
 function emitServiceLine2(variant, line, lineNumber, body, ctx) {
-  body.push(ctx.seg(["LX", line.lineNumber ?? String(lineNumber)]));
-  const units = line.units === void 0 ? "0" : line.units.toString();
+  body.push(ctx.seg(["LX", ctx.esc(line.lineNumber ?? String(lineNumber))]));
+  const units = line.units === void 0 ? "0" : decStr(line.units);
   if (line.variant === "P") {
     const proc = ctx.comp([line.procedureQualifier, line.procedureCode, ...line.modifiers ?? []]);
     const pointers = ctx.comp(line.diagnosisPointers ?? []);
@@ -4526,7 +4682,7 @@ function emitServiceLine2(variant, line, lineNumber, body, ctx) {
       ctx.seg([
         "SV1",
         proc,
-        ctx.esc(line.charge.toString()),
+        escDec2(line.charge, ctx.esc),
         ctx.esc(line.unitOfMeasure ?? ""),
         ctx.esc(units),
         ctx.esc(line.placeOfServiceCode ?? ""),
@@ -4550,11 +4706,11 @@ function emitServiceLine2(variant, line, lineNumber, body, ctx) {
         "SV2",
         ctx.esc(line.revenueCode),
         proc,
-        ctx.esc(line.charge.toString()),
+        escDec2(line.charge, ctx.esc),
         ctx.esc(line.unitOfMeasure ?? ""),
         ctx.esc(units),
-        line.serviceLineRate === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(line.serviceLineRate.toString()),
-        line.nonCoveredCharge === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(line.nonCoveredCharge.toString())
+        line.serviceLineRate === void 0 ? "" : escDec2(line.serviceLineRate, ctx.esc),
+        line.nonCoveredCharge === void 0 ? "" : escDec2(line.nonCoveredCharge, ctx.esc)
       ])
     );
   } else {
@@ -4564,7 +4720,7 @@ function emitServiceLine2(variant, line, lineNumber, body, ctx) {
       ctx.seg([
         "SV3",
         proc,
-        ctx.esc(line.charge.toString()),
+        escDec2(line.charge, ctx.esc),
         ctx.esc(line.placeOfServiceCode ?? ""),
         cavity,
         ctx.esc(line.prosthesisCrownInlayCode ?? ""),
@@ -4583,7 +4739,7 @@ function emitServiceLine2(variant, line, lineNumber, body, ctx) {
           "",
           "",
           "",
-          drug.quantity === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(drug.quantity.toString()),
+          drug.quantity === void 0 ? "" : escDec2(drug.quantity, ctx.esc),
           ctx.esc(drug.unitOfMeasure ?? "")
         ])
       );
@@ -4613,10 +4769,10 @@ function emitAdjudication(adj, body, ctx) {
     ctx.seg([
       "SVD",
       ctx.esc(adj.otherPayerId),
-      ctx.esc(adj.amountPaid.toString()),
+      escDec2(adj.amountPaid, ctx.esc),
       proc,
       "",
-      adj.paidUnits === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(adj.paidUnits.toString())
+      adj.paidUnits === void 0 ? "" : escDec2(adj.paidUnits, ctx.esc)
     ])
   );
   emitCasGroup2(adj.adjustments, "build837: adjudication.adjustments", body, ctx);
@@ -4641,8 +4797,8 @@ function emitCasGroup2(raw, at, body, ctx) {
       if (adj === void 0 || adj.groupCode !== groupCode) break;
       parts.push(
         ctx.esc(adj.reasonCode),
-        ctx.esc(adj.amount.toString()),
-        adj.quantity === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(adj.quantity.toString())
+        escDec2(adj.amount, ctx.esc),
+        adj.quantity === void 0 ? "" : escDec2(adj.quantity, ctx.esc)
       );
       triples += 1;
       i += 1;
@@ -4713,7 +4869,7 @@ function emitNote(note, body, ctx) {
   body.push(ctx.seg(["NTE", ctx.esc(note.noteReferenceCode), ctx.esc(note.description)]));
 }
 function emitAmount(amt, body, ctx) {
-  body.push(ctx.seg(["AMT", ctx.esc(amt.qualifier), ctx.esc(amt.amount.toString())]));
+  body.push(ctx.seg(["AMT", ctx.esc(amt.qualifier), escDec2(amt.amount, ctx.esc)]));
 }
 function emitHi(hi, body, ctx) {
   const composite = ctx.comp([
@@ -4721,8 +4877,10 @@ function emitHi(hi, body, ctx) {
     hi.code,
     hi.dateQualifier ?? "",
     hi.date ?? "",
-    hi.monetaryAmount === void 0 ? "" : hi.monetaryAmount.toString(),
-    hi.quantity === void 0 ? "" : hi.quantity.toString(),
+    // `decStr`, not `escDec`: `ctx.comp` maps `esc` over every component, so
+    // escaping here would double-release an active delimiter.
+    hi.monetaryAmount === void 0 ? "" : decStr(hi.monetaryAmount),
+    hi.quantity === void 0 ? "" : decStr(hi.quantity),
     hi.versionId ?? "",
     "",
     hi.poaIndicator ?? ""
@@ -5034,6 +5192,7 @@ function get271Eligibility(delimiters, tx) {
     const seg = body[i];
     if (seg === void 0) continue;
     const position = { segmentIndex: i + 1, transactionIndex: 0 };
+    const sink = { warnings, position };
     switch (seg.id) {
       case "HL": {
         const hl = decodeHl2(seg, delimiters);
@@ -5137,7 +5296,7 @@ function get271Eligibility(delimiters, tx) {
       case "EB": {
         flushBenefit();
         if (currentSubscriber === void 0 && currentDependent === void 0) break;
-        currentBenefit = openBenefit(seg, delimiters);
+        currentBenefit = openBenefit(seg, delimiters, sink);
         break;
       }
       case "MSG": {
@@ -5234,7 +5393,7 @@ function decodeDtp2(seg, delimiters) {
     value
   });
 }
-function openBenefit(seg, delimiters) {
+function openBenefit(seg, delimiters, sink) {
   const serviceTypeCodes = [];
   for (const code of getAllSegmentValues(seg, "03", delimiters)) {
     if (code === "") continue;
@@ -5249,10 +5408,10 @@ function openBenefit(seg, delimiters) {
     insuranceTypeCode: elementOptional(seg, 4, delimiters),
     planCoverageDescription: elementOptional(seg, 5, delimiters),
     timePeriodQualifier: elementOptional(seg, 6, delimiters),
-    monetaryAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 7, delimiters),
-    percent: elementDecimal(seg, 8, delimiters),
+    monetaryAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 7, delimiters, sink),
+    percent: elementDecimal(seg, 8, delimiters, sink),
     quantityQualifier: elementOptional(seg, 9, delimiters),
-    quantity: elementDecimal(seg, 10, delimiters),
+    quantity: elementDecimal(seg, 10, delimiters, sink),
     authorizationRequired: elementOptional(seg, 11, delimiters),
     inPlanNetwork: elementOptional(seg, 12, delimiters),
     references: [],
@@ -5349,6 +5508,15 @@ function refuseHierarchy2(message) {
     message
   );
 }
+function refuseSpec3(message) {
+  throw new Eligibility271BuildError(
+    ELIGIBILITY_271_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_271_BUILD_INVALID_SPEC,
+    message
+  );
+}
+function escDec3(value, esc) {
+  return esc(requireCallerDecimal(value, "build271", refuseSpec3).toString());
+}
 var X279A1_VERSION_RELEASE = "005010X279A1";
 var X12_271_FUNCTIONAL_ID = "HB";
 var X12_AGENCY_CODE3 = "X";
@@ -5366,8 +5534,9 @@ function build271(spec) {
     component: componentSeparator,
     segment: segmentTerminator
   };
-  const esc = (value) => escapeRelease(value, delimiters);
+  const esc = makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, "build271", refuseSpec3);
   const seg = (parts) => {
+    requireCallerSegment(parts, "build271", refuseSpec3);
     let end = parts.length;
     while (end > 1 && parts[end - 1] === "") end -= 1;
     return parts.slice(0, end).join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
@@ -5405,8 +5574,8 @@ function build271(spec) {
     X12_271_FUNCTIONAL_ID,
     esc(applicationSenderCode),
     esc(applicationReceiverCode),
-    groupDate,
-    groupTime,
+    esc(groupDate),
+    esc(groupTime),
     esc(envelope.groupControlNumber),
     X12_AGENCY_CODE3,
     X279A1_VERSION_RELEASE
@@ -5576,10 +5745,10 @@ function emitBenefit(benefit, body, ctx) {
       ctx.esc(benefit.insuranceTypeCode ?? ""),
       ctx.esc(benefit.planCoverageDescription ?? ""),
       ctx.esc(benefit.timePeriodQualifier ?? ""),
-      benefit.monetaryAmount === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(benefit.monetaryAmount.toString()),
-      benefit.percent === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(benefit.percent.toString()),
+      benefit.monetaryAmount === void 0 ? "" : escDec3(benefit.monetaryAmount, ctx.esc),
+      benefit.percent === void 0 ? "" : escDec3(benefit.percent, ctx.esc),
       ctx.esc(benefit.quantityQualifier ?? ""),
-      benefit.quantity === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(benefit.quantity.toString()),
+      benefit.quantity === void 0 ? "" : escDec3(benefit.quantity, ctx.esc),
       ctx.esc(benefit.authorizationRequired ?? ""),
       ctx.esc(benefit.inPlanNetwork ?? "")
     ])
@@ -5786,6 +5955,7 @@ function walk277(delimiters, tx) {
     const seg = body[i];
     if (seg === void 0) continue;
     const position = { segmentIndex: i + 1, transactionIndex: 0 };
+    const sink = { warnings, position };
     switch (seg.id) {
       case "HL": {
         flushClaim();
@@ -5863,7 +6033,7 @@ function walk277(delimiters, tx) {
       case "SVC": {
         flushServiceLine();
         if (currentClaim === void 0) currentClaim = openClaim3();
-        currentServiceLine = openServiceLine3(seg, delimiters);
+        currentServiceLine = openServiceLine3(seg, delimiters, sink);
         break;
       }
       case "REF": {
@@ -5937,6 +6107,7 @@ function decodeDtp3(seg, delimiters) {
   });
 }
 function decodeStc(seg, delimiters, warnings, position) {
+  const sink = { warnings, position };
   const statuses = [];
   for (const elementIndex of [1, 10, 11]) {
     const code = decodeStatusComposite(seg, elementIndex, delimiters, warnings, position);
@@ -5945,8 +6116,8 @@ function decodeStc(seg, delimiters, warnings, position) {
   return Object.freeze({
     statusEffectiveDate: elementOptional(seg, 2, delimiters),
     actionCode: elementOptional(seg, 3, delimiters),
-    totalChargeAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 4, delimiters),
-    paymentAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 5, delimiters),
+    totalChargeAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 4, delimiters, sink),
+    paymentAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 5, delimiters, sink),
     adjudicationDate: elementOptional(seg, 6, delimiters),
     message: elementOptional(seg, 12, delimiters),
     statuses: Object.freeze(statuses)
@@ -5973,7 +6144,7 @@ function decodeStatusComposite(seg, n, delimiters, warnings, position) {
     entityCode
   });
 }
-function openServiceLine3(seg, delimiters) {
+function openServiceLine3(seg, delimiters, sink) {
   const modifiers = [];
   for (let comp = 3; comp <= 6; comp += 1) {
     const m = componentOptional(seg, 1, comp, delimiters);
@@ -5983,9 +6154,13 @@ function openServiceLine3(seg, delimiters) {
     serviceIdQualifier: componentOptional(seg, 1, 1, delimiters),
     procedureCode: componentOptional(seg, 1, 2, delimiters),
     modifiers,
-    lineChargeAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 2, delimiters),
-    linePaymentAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 3, delimiters),
+    lineChargeAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 2, delimiters, sink),
+    linePaymentAmount: elementDecimal(seg, 3, delimiters, sink),
     revenueCode: elementOptional(seg, 4, delimiters),
+    // SVC-07. SVC-05 (Quantity) and SVC-06 (a second composite) are NOT USED
+    // in both X212 and X214, so they are deliberately left unread rather than
+    // decoded "for symmetry" with the 835, whose SVC-05 IS the paid count.
+    unitsOfService: elementDecimal(seg, 7, delimiters, sink),
     statuses: [],
     references: [],
     dates: []
@@ -5999,6 +6174,7 @@ function freezeServiceLine3(acc) {
     lineChargeAmount: acc.lineChargeAmount,
     linePaymentAmount: acc.linePaymentAmount,
     revenueCode: acc.revenueCode,
+    unitsOfService: acc.unitsOfService,
     statuses: Object.freeze(acc.statuses.slice()),
     references: Object.freeze(acc.references.slice()),
     dates: Object.freeze(acc.dates.slice())
@@ -6041,12 +6217,15 @@ function refuseHierarchy3(message) {
     message
   );
 }
-function refuseSpec3(message) {
+function refuseSpec4(message) {
   throw new ClaimStatus277BuildError(
     CLAIM_STATUS_277_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_277_BUILD_INVALID_SPEC,
     message
   );
 }
+function escDec4(value, esc) {
+  return esc(requireCallerDecimal(value, "build277", refuseSpec4).toString());
+}
 var X12_277_FUNCTIONAL_ID = "HN";
 var X12_AGENCY_CODE4 = "X";
 var HL_LEVEL3 = {
@@ -6064,7 +6243,7 @@ function build277CA(spec) {
 }
 function buildClaimStatus(version, spec) {
   const { envelope } = spec;
-  enforceStructuralSpec4(spec);
+  enforceStructuralSpec4(version, spec);
   const elementSeparator = envelope.elementSeparator ?? "*";
   const repetitionSeparator = envelope.repetitionSeparator ?? "^";
   const componentSeparator = envelope.componentSeparator ?? ":";
@@ -6075,8 +6254,9 @@ function buildClaimStatus(version, spec) {
     component: componentSeparator,
     segment: segmentTerminator
   };
-  const esc = (value) => escapeRelease(value, delimiters);
+  const esc = makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, "build277", refuseSpec4);
   const seg = (parts) => {
+    requireCallerSegment(parts, "build277", refuseSpec4);
     let end = parts.length;
     while (end > 1 && parts[end - 1] === "") end -= 1;
     return parts.slice(0, end).join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
@@ -6120,8 +6300,8 @@ function buildClaimStatus(version, spec) {
     X12_277_FUNCTIONAL_ID,
     esc(applicationSenderCode),
     esc(applicationReceiverCode),
-    groupDate,
-    groupTime,
+    esc(groupDate),
+    esc(groupTime),
     esc(envelope.groupControlNumber),
     X12_AGENCY_CODE4,
     version
@@ -6140,7 +6320,7 @@ function buildClaimStatus(version, spec) {
   const raw = isa + gs + st + body.join("") + se + ge + iea;
   return parseX12(raw);
 }
-function enforceStructuralSpec4(spec) {
+function enforceStructuralSpec4(version, spec) {
   const sources = requireCallerArray(
     spec.informationSources,
     "build277: spec.informationSources",
@@ -6198,13 +6378,13 @@ function enforceStructuralSpec4(spec) {
         for (let u = 0; u < subscribers.length; u += 1) {
           const subscriber = subscribers[u];
           if (subscriber === void 0) continue;
-          enforceSubscriber(subscriber, `${locator}.subscriber[${String(u)}]`);
+          enforceSubscriber(version, subscriber, `${locator}.subscriber[${String(u)}]`);
         }
       }
     }
   }
 }
-function enforceSubscriber(subscriber, locator) {
+function enforceSubscriber(version, subscriber, locator) {
   const claims = requireCallerArray(
     subscriber.claims,
     `build277: subscriber at ${locator}: claims`,
@@ -6223,7 +6403,8 @@ function enforceSubscriber(subscriber, locator) {
   }
   for (let c = 0; c < claims.length; c += 1) {
     const claim = claims[c];
-    if (claim !== void 0) enforceClaim2(claim, `${locator}.claim[${String(c)}]`, c === 0);
+    if (claim !== void 0)
+      enforceClaim2(version, claim, `${locator}.claim[${String(c)}]`, c === 0);
   }
   for (let d = 0; d < dependents.length; d += 1) {
     const dependent = dependents[d];
@@ -6242,20 +6423,21 @@ function enforceSubscriber(subscriber, locator) {
     }
     for (let c = 0; c < depClaims.length; c += 1) {
       const claim = depClaims[c];
-      if (claim !== void 0) enforceClaim2(claim, `${depLocator}.claim[${String(c)}]`, c === 0);
+      if (claim !== void 0)
+        enforceClaim2(version, claim, `${depLocator}.claim[${String(c)}]`, c === 0);
     }
   }
 }
-function enforceClaim2(claim, locator, isFirst) {
+function enforceClaim2(version, claim, locator, isFirst) {
   const statuses = requireCallerArray(
     claim.statuses,
     `build277: claim at ${locator}: statuses`,
-    refuseSpec3
+    refuseSpec4
   );
   const serviceLines = requireCallerArray(
     claim.serviceLines,
     `build277: claim at ${locator}: serviceLines`,
-    refuseSpec3
+    refuseSpec4
   );
   if (claim.trace === void 0 && statuses.length === 0 && serviceLines.length === 0) {
     throw new ClaimStatus277BuildError(
@@ -6275,10 +6457,16 @@ function enforceClaim2(claim, locator, isFirst) {
   for (let l = 0; l < serviceLines.length; l += 1) {
     const line = serviceLines[l];
     if (line === void 0) continue;
+    if (version === "005010X212" && line.unitsOfService === void 0) {
+      throw new ClaimStatus277BuildError(
+        CLAIM_STATUS_277_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_277_BUILD_INVALID_SPEC,
+        `build277: service line at ${locator}.line[${String(l)}] has no unitsOfService, and SVC-07 is a required element in 005010X212. Supply the submitted count; it is never defaulted. In 005010X214 it is situational, so build277CA accepts the same line.`
+      );
+    }
     const lineStatuses = requireCallerArray(
       line.statuses,
       `build277: claim at ${locator}.line[${String(l)}]: statuses`,
-      refuseSpec3
+      refuseSpec4
     );
     for (let i = 0; i < lineStatuses.length; i += 1) {
       enforceStatus(lineStatuses[i], `${locator}.line[${String(l)}].status[${String(i)}]`);
@@ -6368,9 +6556,12 @@ function emitServiceLine3(line, body, ctx) {
     ctx.seg([
       "SVC",
       svc01,
-      line.lineChargeAmount === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(line.lineChargeAmount.toString()),
-      line.linePaymentAmount === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(line.linePaymentAmount.toString()),
-      ctx.esc(line.revenueCode ?? "")
+      line.lineChargeAmount === void 0 ? "" : escDec4(line.lineChargeAmount, ctx.esc),
+      line.linePaymentAmount === void 0 ? "" : escDec4(line.linePaymentAmount, ctx.esc),
+      ctx.esc(line.revenueCode ?? ""),
+      "",
+      "",
+      line.unitsOfService === void 0 ? "" : escDec4(line.unitsOfService, ctx.esc)
     ])
   );
   for (const status of line.statuses ?? []) emitStatus(status, body, ctx);
@@ -6389,8 +6580,8 @@ function emitStatus(status, body, ctx) {
       composite(0),
       ctx.esc(status.statusEffectiveDate ?? ""),
       ctx.esc(status.actionCode ?? ""),
-      status.totalChargeAmount === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(status.totalChargeAmount.toString()),
-      status.paymentAmount === void 0 ? "" : ctx.esc(status.paymentAmount.toString()),
+      status.totalChargeAmount === void 0 ? "" : escDec4(status.totalChargeAmount, ctx.esc),
+      status.paymentAmount === void 0 ? "" : escDec4(status.paymentAmount, ctx.esc),
       ctx.esc(status.adjudicationDate ?? ""),
       "",
       "",
@@ -6560,9 +6751,11 @@ function get820Payments(delimiters, tx) {
   for (let i = 0; i < body.length; i += 1) {
     const seg = body[i];
     if (seg === void 0) continue;
+    const position = { segmentIndex: i + 1, transactionIndex: 0 };
+    const sink = { warnings, position };
     switch (seg.id) {
       case "BPR": {
-        payment = decodeBpr2(seg, delimiters);
+        payment = decodeBpr2(seg, delimiters, sink);
         break;
       }
       case "TRN": {
@@ -6629,13 +6822,13 @@ function get820Payments(delimiters, tx) {
       }
       case "RMR": {
         if (current === void 0) break;
-        const item = decodeRmr(seg, delimiters);
+        const item = decodeRmr(seg, delimiters, sink);
         if (item !== void 0) current.openItems.push(item);
         break;
       }
       case "ADX": {
         if (current === void 0) break;
-        const adjustment = decodeAdx(seg, delimiters);
+        const adjustment = decodeAdx(seg, delimiters, sink);
         if (adjustment !== void 0) current.adjustments.push(adjustment);
         break;
       }
@@ -6687,10 +6880,10 @@ function freezeRemittance(acc) {
     adjustments: Object.freeze(acc.adjustments.slice())
   });
 }
-function decodeBpr2(seg, delimiters) {
+function decodeBpr2(seg, delimiters, sink) {
   return Object.freeze({
     transactionHandlingCode: elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters),
-    totalPremiumAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters),
+    totalPremiumAmount: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 2, delimiters, sink),
     creditDebitFlag: elementValue(seg, 3, delimiters),
     method: elementValue(seg, 4, delimiters),
     paymentFormatCode: elementOptional(seg, 5, delimiters),
@@ -6758,7 +6951,7 @@ function decodeNm13(seg, delimiters) {
     idCode: elementOptional(seg, 9, delimiters)
   });
 }
-function decodeRmr(seg, delimiters) {
+function decodeRmr(seg, delimiters, sink) {
   const qualifier = elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters);
   const referenceId = elementValue(seg, 2, delimiters);
   if (qualifier === "" && referenceId === "") return void 0;
@@ -6766,12 +6959,12 @@ function decodeRmr(seg, delimiters) {
     qualifier,
     referenceId,
     paymentActionCode: elementOptional(seg, 3, delimiters),
-    amountPaid: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 4, delimiters),
-    amountDue: elementDecimal(seg, 5, delimiters)
+    amountPaid: elementDecimalOrZero(seg, 4, delimiters, sink),
+    amountDue: elementDecimal(seg, 5, delimiters, sink)
   });
 }
-function decodeAdx(seg, delimiters) {
-  const amount = elementDecimal(seg, 1, delimiters);
+function decodeAdx(seg, delimiters, sink) {
+  const amount = elementDecimal(seg, 1, delimiters, sink);
   if (amount === void 0) return void 0;
   return Object.freeze({
     amount,
@@ -6829,9 +7022,12 @@ var Premium820BuildError = class extends Error {
 };
 
 // src/transactions/premium/build-820.ts
-function refuseSpec4(message) {
+function refuseSpec5(message) {
   throw new Premium820BuildError(PREMIUM_820_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_820_BUILD_INVALID_SPEC, message);
 }
+function escDec5(value, esc) {
+  return esc(requireCallerDecimal(value, "build820", refuseSpec5).toString());
+}
 var X218_VERSION_RELEASE = "005010X218";
 var X12_820_FUNCTIONAL_ID = "RA";
 var X12_AGENCY_CODE5 = "X";
@@ -6848,8 +7044,9 @@ function build820(spec) {
     component: componentSeparator,
     segment: segmentTerminator
   };
-  const esc = (value) => escapeRelease(value, delimiters);
+  const esc = makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, "build820", refuseSpec5);
   const seg = (parts) => {
+    requireCallerSegment(parts, "build820", refuseSpec5);
     let end = parts.length;
     while (end > 1 && parts[end - 1] === "") end -= 1;
     return parts.slice(0, end).join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
@@ -6905,9 +7102,9 @@ function build820(spec) {
     // GS-02
     esc(applicationReceiverCode),
     // GS-03
-    groupDate,
+    esc(groupDate),
     // GS-04 - CCYYMMDD
-    groupTime,
+    esc(groupTime),
     // GS-05 - HHMM
     esc(envelope.groupControlNumber),
     // GS-06
@@ -6923,7 +7120,7 @@ function build820(spec) {
     seg([
       "BPR",
       esc(spec.payment.transactionHandlingCode),
-      esc(spec.payment.totalPremiumAmount.toString()),
+      escDec5(spec.payment.totalPremiumAmount, esc),
       esc(spec.payment.creditDebitFlag),
       esc(spec.payment.method),
       esc(spec.payment.paymentFormatCode ?? ""),
@@ -6975,7 +7172,7 @@ function build820(spec) {
   return parseX12(raw);
 }
 function enforceStructuralSpec5(spec) {
-  const traces = requireCallerArray(spec.traces, "build820: spec.traces", refuseSpec4);
+  const traces = requireCallerArray(spec.traces, "build820: spec.traces", refuseSpec5);
   if (traces.length === 0) {
     throw new Premium820BuildError(
       PREMIUM_820_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_820_BUILD_INVALID_SPEC,
@@ -6985,7 +7182,7 @@ function enforceStructuralSpec5(spec) {
   const remittances = requireCallerArray(
     spec.remittances,
     "build820: spec.remittances",
-    refuseSpec4
+    refuseSpec5
   );
   if (remittances.length === 0) {
     throw new Premium820BuildError(
@@ -7005,7 +7202,7 @@ function enforceStructuralSpec5(spec) {
     const openItems = requireCallerArray(
       remittance.openItems,
       `build820: spec.remittances[${String(r)}].openItems`,
-      refuseSpec4
+      refuseSpec5
     );
     if (openItems.length === 0) {
       throw new Premium820BuildError(
@@ -7080,7 +7277,7 @@ function emitRemittance(remittance, body, seg, esc) {
     body.push(
       seg([
         "ADX",
-        esc(adjustment.amount.toString()),
+        escDec5(adjustment.amount, esc),
         esc(adjustment.reasonCode),
         esc(adjustment.referenceQualifier ?? ""),
         esc(adjustment.referenceId ?? "")
@@ -7110,8 +7307,8 @@ function emitOpenItem(item, seg, esc) {
     esc(item.qualifier),
     esc(item.referenceId),
     esc(item.paymentActionCode ?? ""),
-    esc(item.amountPaid.toString()),
-    item.amountDue === void 0 ? "" : esc(item.amountDue.toString())
+    escDec5(item.amountPaid, esc),
+    item.amountDue === void 0 ? "" : escDec5(item.amountDue, esc)
   ]);
 }
 function emitRef5(ref, seg, esc) {
@@ -7342,7 +7539,8 @@ async function* get834Enrollments(delimiters, tx) {
       }
       case "AMT": {
         if (currentCoverage === void 0) break;
-        const amount = decodeAmt3(seg, delimiters);
+        const sink = { warnings: current.warnings, position };
+        const amount = decodeAmt3(seg, delimiters, sink);
         if (amount !== void 0) currentCoverage.amounts.push(amount);
         break;
       }
@@ -7468,8 +7666,8 @@ function decodeDtp4(seg, delimiters) {
     value
   });
 }
-function decodeAmt3(seg, delimiters) {
-  const amount = elementDecimal(seg, 2, delimiters);
+function decodeAmt3(seg, delimiters, sink) {
+  const amount = elementDecimal(seg, 2, delimiters, sink);
   if (amount === void 0) return void 0;
   return Object.freeze({
     qualifier: elementValue(seg, 1, delimiters),
@@ -7525,12 +7723,15 @@ var Enrollment834BuildError = class extends Error {
 };
 
 // src/transactions/enrollment/build-834.ts
-function refuseSpec5(message) {
+function refuseSpec6(message) {
   throw new Enrollment834BuildError(
     ENROLLMENT_834_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_834_BUILD_INVALID_SPEC,
     message
   );
 }
+function escDec6(value, esc) {
+  return esc(requireCallerDecimal(value, "build834", refuseSpec6).toString());
+}
 var X220A1_VERSION_RELEASE = "005010X220A1";
 var X12_834_FUNCTIONAL_ID = "BE";
 var X12_AGENCY_CODE6 = "X";
@@ -7549,8 +7750,9 @@ function build834(spec) {
     component: componentSeparator,
     segment: segmentTerminator
   };
-  const esc = (value) => escapeRelease(value, delimiters);
+  const esc = makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, "build834", refuseSpec6);
   const seg = (parts) => {
+    requireCallerSegment(parts, "build834", refuseSpec6);
     let end = parts.length;
     while (end > 1 && parts[end - 1] === "") end -= 1;
     return parts.slice(0, end).join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
@@ -7606,9 +7808,9 @@ function build834(spec) {
     // GS-02
     esc(applicationReceiverCode),
     // GS-03
-    groupDate,
+    esc(groupDate),
     // GS-04 - CCYYMMDD
-    groupTime,
+    esc(groupTime),
     // GS-05 - HHMM
     esc(envelope.groupControlNumber),
     // GS-06
@@ -7630,7 +7832,7 @@ function build834(spec) {
   return parseX12(raw);
 }
 function enforceStructuralSpec6(spec) {
-  const members = requireCallerArray(spec.members, "build834: spec.members", refuseSpec5);
+  const members = requireCallerArray(spec.members, "build834: spec.members", refuseSpec6);
   if (members.length === 0) {
     throw new Enrollment834BuildError(
       ENROLLMENT_834_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_834_BUILD_INVALID_SPEC,
@@ -7655,7 +7857,7 @@ function enforceStructuralSpec6(spec) {
     const coverages = requireCallerArray(
       member.healthCoverages,
       `build834: spec.members[${String(m)}].healthCoverages`,
-      refuseSpec5
+      refuseSpec6
     );
     for (let c = 0; c < coverages.length; c += 1) {
       const coverage = coverages[c];
@@ -7789,7 +7991,7 @@ function emitCoverage(coverage, body, seg, esc) {
   );
   for (const date of coverage.dates ?? []) body.push(emitDate4(date, seg, esc));
   for (const amount of coverage.amounts ?? []) {
-    body.push(seg(["AMT", esc(amount.qualifier), esc(amount.amount.toString())]));
+    body.push(seg(["AMT", esc(amount.qualifier), escDec6(amount.amount, esc)]));
   }
 }
 function emitRef6(ref, seg, esc) {
@@ -8182,6 +8384,12 @@ function refuseHierarchy4(message) {
     message
   );
 }
+function refuseSpec7(message) {
+  throw new ServicesReview278BuildError(
+    AUTH_278_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_278_BUILD_INVALID_SPEC,
+    message
+  );
+}
 var X12_278_FUNCTIONAL_ID = "HI";
 var X12_AGENCY_CODE7 = "X";
 var HL_LEVEL4 = {
@@ -8210,8 +8418,9 @@ function buildServicesReview(version, direction, spec) {
     component: componentSeparator,
     segment: segmentTerminator
   };
-  const esc = (value) => escapeRelease(value, delimiters);
+  const esc = makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, "build278", refuseSpec7);
   const seg = (parts) => {
+    requireCallerSegment(parts, "build278", refuseSpec7);
     let end = parts.length;
     while (end > 1 && parts[end - 1] === "") end -= 1;
     return parts.slice(0, end).join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
@@ -8255,8 +8464,8 @@ function buildServicesReview(version, direction, spec) {
     X12_278_FUNCTIONAL_ID,
     esc(applicationSenderCode),
     esc(applicationReceiverCode),
-    groupDate,
-    groupTime,
+    esc(groupDate),
+    esc(groupTime),
     esc(envelope.groupControlNumber),
     X12_AGENCY_CODE7,
     version
@@ -8385,7 +8594,7 @@ function emitReview(review, parentHlId, direction, body, ctx, counter) {
   const nested = review.reviews ?? [];
   const hasChild = nested.length > 0 ? "1" : "0";
   const levelCode = review.levelCode ?? DEFAULT_REVIEW_LEVEL;
-  body.push(ctx.seg(["HL", hlId, parentHlId, levelCode, hasChild]));
+  body.push(ctx.seg(["HL", hlId, parentHlId, ctx.esc(levelCode), hasChild]));
   for (const trace of review.traces ?? []) {
     body.push(
       ctx.seg([
@@ -8961,6 +9170,9 @@ function narrowNoteCode(value) {
 }
 
 // src/transactions/ack/build-999.ts
+function refuseSpec8(message) {
+  throw new AckBuildError(ACK_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_ACK_INVALID_SPEC, message);
+}
 var X231A1_VERSION_RELEASE = "005010X231A1";
 var X12_AGENCY_CODE8 = "X";
 function build999(spec) {
@@ -8977,7 +9189,7 @@ function build999(spec) {
     component: componentSeparator,
     segment: segmentTerminator
   };
-  const esc = (value) => escapeRelease(value, delimiters);
+  const esc = makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, "build999", refuseSpec8);
   const senderQualifier = envelope.senderQualifier ?? "ZZ";
   const receiverQualifier = envelope.receiverQualifier ?? "ZZ";
   const usageIndicator = envelope.usageIndicator ?? "P";
@@ -9029,13 +9241,13 @@ function build999(spec) {
       // GS-02
       esc(envelope.receiverId),
       // GS-03
-      groupDate,
+      esc(groupDate),
       // GS-04 - CCYYMMDD
-      groupTime,
+      esc(groupTime),
       // GS-05 - HHMM
-      envelope.groupControlNumber,
+      esc(envelope.groupControlNumber),
       // GS-06
-      groupResponsibleAgency,
+      esc(groupResponsibleAgency),
       // GS-07
       X231A1_VERSION_RELEASE
       // GS-08 - the 999 TR3
@@ -9045,7 +9257,7 @@ function build999(spec) {
   );
   const stControlNumber = envelope.transactionSetControlNumber;
   const st = joinSeg(
-    ["ST", "999", stControlNumber, X231A1_VERSION_RELEASE],
+    ["ST", "999", esc(stControlNumber), X231A1_VERSION_RELEASE],
     elementSeparator,
     segmentTerminator
   );
@@ -9078,8 +9290,16 @@ function build999(spec) {
   const ak9 = buildAk9(functionalGroup, esc, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator);
   const bodySegments = [st, ak1, ...responseSegments, ak9];
   const seCount = bodySegments.length + 1;
-  const se = joinSeg(["SE", String(seCount), stControlNumber], elementSeparator, segmentTerminator);
-  const ge = joinSeg(["GE", "1", envelope.groupControlNumber], elementSeparator, segmentTerminator);
+  const se = joinSeg(
+    ["SE", String(seCount), esc(stControlNumber)],
+    elementSeparator,
+    segmentTerminator
+  );
+  const ge = joinSeg(
+    ["GE", "1", esc(envelope.groupControlNumber)],
+    elementSeparator,
+    segmentTerminator
+  );
   const iea = joinSeg(["IEA", "1", interchangeControlNumber], elementSeparator, segmentTerminator);
   const raw = isa + gs + bodySegments.join("") + se + ge + iea;
   return parseX12(raw);
@@ -9201,7 +9421,7 @@ function buildIk4(elemError, esc, componentSeparator, elementSeparator, segmentT
   return joinSeg(parts, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator);
 }
 function buildIk5(response, esc, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator) {
-  const parts = ["IK5", response.disposition];
+  const parts = ["IK5", esc(response.disposition)];
   const codes = response.syntaxErrorCodes ?? [];
   if (codes.length > 5) {
     throw new AckBuildError(
@@ -9215,7 +9435,7 @@ function buildIk5(response, esc, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator) {
 function buildAk9(group, esc, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator) {
   const parts = [
     "AK9",
-    group.disposition,
+    esc(group.disposition),
     String(group.numberOfTransactionSets),
     String(group.numberOfReceivedTransactionSets),
     String(group.numberOfAcceptedTransactionSets)
@@ -9231,6 +9451,7 @@ function buildAk9(group, esc, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator) {
   return joinSeg(parts, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator);
 }
 function joinSeg(parts, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator) {
+  requireCallerSegment(parts, "build999", refuseSpec8);
   return parts.join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
 }
 function pad8(value, width) {
@@ -9457,6 +9678,9 @@ var X12BuildError = class extends Error {
 };
 
 // src/builder/build-interchange.ts
+function refuseSpec9(message) {
+  throw new X12BuildError(X12_BUILD_ERROR_CODES.X12_BUILD_INVALID_SPEC, message);
+}
 function buildInterchange(spec) {
   const elementSeparator = spec.elementSeparator ?? "*";
   const repetitionSeparator = spec.repetitionSeparator ?? "^";
@@ -9468,7 +9692,7 @@ function buildInterchange(spec) {
     component: componentSeparator,
     segment: segmentTerminator
   };
-  const esc = (value) => escapeRelease(value, delimiters);
+  const esc = makeCallerEscaper(delimiters, "buildInterchange", refuseSpec9);
   const senderQualifier = spec.senderQualifier ?? "ZZ";
   const receiverQualifier = spec.receiverQualifier ?? "ZZ";
   const usageIndicator = spec.usageIndicator ?? "P";
@@ -9582,6 +9806,7 @@ function buildTransaction(tx, esc, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator) {
   return st + bodySegments + se;
 }
 function joinSeg2(parts, elementSeparator, segmentTerminator) {
+  requireCallerSegment(parts, "buildInterchange", refuseSpec9);
   return parts.join(elementSeparator) + segmentTerminator;
 }
 function pad9(value, width) {
@@ -9890,8 +10115,8 @@ var profiles = Object.freeze({
 });
 
 // src/index.ts
-var VERSION = "0.0.8";
+var VERSION = "0.0.10";
 
-export { ACK_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, ALL_WARNING_MESSAGES, AUTH_278_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000A, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000B, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000C, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000D, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000E, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000F, AckBuildError, BALANCE_INVARIANTS, BUILD_REFUSAL_VALUE_MAX_LENGTH, BUILD_REFUSAL_VALUE_MAX_RENDERED, CARC, CLAIM_837D_LOOP_2000A, CLAIM_837D_LOOP_2300, CLAIM_837D_LOOP_2400, CLAIM_837I_LOOP_2000A, CLAIM_837I_LOOP_2300, CLAIM_837I_LOOP_2400, CLAIM_837P_LOOP_2000A, CLAIM_837P_LOOP_2300, CLAIM_837P_LOOP_2400, CLAIM_837P_LOOP_2410, CLAIM_837_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, CLAIM_837_LOOP_1000A, CLAIM_837_LOOP_1000B, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2010AA, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2010BA, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2010BB, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2010CA, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2430, CLAIM_ADJUSTMENT_GROUP_CODES, CLAIM_STATUS_277_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, CLAIM_STATUS_CATEGORY_CODES, CLAIM_STATUS_CODES, CLP_STATUS, CONTROL_NUMBER_PAIRS, Claim837BuildError, ClaimStatus277BuildError, DELIMITER_POSITIONS, ELIGIBILITY_271_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2000A, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2000B, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2000C, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2000D, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2100C, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2100D, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2110, ENROLLMENT_834_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_1000A, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_1000B, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_2000, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_2100A, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_2300, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_2320, Eligibility271BuildError, Enrollment834BuildError, FATAL_CODES, HI_QUALIFIERS, HL_LEVEL_CODES, IK3_SYNTAX_ERROR_CODES, IK4_SYNTAX_ERROR_CODES, ISA_MIN_LENGTH, LoopSpecDefinitionError, MAINTENANCE_TYPE_CODES, NM1_QUALIFIERS, NON_SPEC_SEGMENT_ID, PREMIUM_820_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_1000A, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_1000B, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_2000A, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_2100A, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_2300A, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_2310A, Premium820BuildError, RARC, RELEASE_CHAR, REMIT_835_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, REMIT_835_LOOP_1000A, REMIT_835_LOOP_1000B, REMIT_835_LOOP_2000, REMIT_835_LOOP_2100, REMIT_835_LOOP_2110, REQUIRED_LOOPS, Remit835BuildError, SERVICE_TYPE_CODES, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000A, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000B, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000C, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000D, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000E, STATUS_277_LOOP_2200, STATUS_277_LOOP_2220, ServicesReview278BuildError, TA1_ACK_CODES, TA1_NOTE_CODES, UNEXPECTED_SEGMENT_CONTEXTS, VERSION, WARNING_CODES, X12BuildError, X12Decimal, X12ParseError, X12ProfileError, X12_ACK_DISPOSITION_CODES, X12_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, build271, build277, build277CA, build278Request, build278Response, build820, build834, build835, build837D, build837I, build837P, build999, buildInterchange, buildTA1, checkClaimBalance, checkRemitTotalBalance, checkServiceLineBalance, collectElementValues, componentOptional, controlNumberMismatch, danglingReleaseChar, decodeSegment, defineLoopSpec, defineProfile, detectDelimiters, elementDecimal, elementDecimalOrZero, elementOptional, elementValue, escapeRelease, get271Eligibility, get277CADisposition, get277Status, get278Request, get278Response, get820Payments, get834Enrollments, get834Header, get835, get837Claims, getAllSegmentValues, getDefaultProfile, getSegmentValue, groupCountMismatch, hlParentLevelInvalid, hlParentMismatch, isAcceptDisposition, isClaimAdjustmentGroupCode, isDiagnosisQualifier, isProcedureQualifier, lookupCarc, lookupClaimStatus, lookupClaimStatusCategory, lookupClpStatus, lookupMaintenanceType, lookupRarc, lookupServiceType, missingGe, missingIea, missingRequiredLoop, missingSe, parse999, parseTA1, parseX12, partitionWarnings, pre005010, profiles, remitBalanceMismatch, renderCallerValue, resolveHiQualifier, segmentCountMismatch, serializeX12, setDefaultProfile, trailingGarbage, transactionCountMismatch, unescapeRelease, unexpectedSegment, unknown837Variant, unknownCarc, unknownClaimStatus, unknownClaimStatusCategory, unknownHiQualifier, unknownMaintenanceType, unknownRarc };
+export { ACK_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, ALL_WARNING_MESSAGES, AUTH_278_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000A, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000B, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000C, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000D, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000E, AUTH_278_LOOP_2000F, AckBuildError, BALANCE_INVARIANTS, BUILD_REFUSAL_VALUE_MAX_LENGTH, BUILD_REFUSAL_VALUE_MAX_RENDERED, CARC, CLAIM_837D_LOOP_2000A, CLAIM_837D_LOOP_2300, CLAIM_837D_LOOP_2400, CLAIM_837I_LOOP_2000A, CLAIM_837I_LOOP_2300, CLAIM_837I_LOOP_2400, CLAIM_837P_LOOP_2000A, CLAIM_837P_LOOP_2300, CLAIM_837P_LOOP_2400, CLAIM_837P_LOOP_2410, CLAIM_837_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, CLAIM_837_LOOP_1000A, CLAIM_837_LOOP_1000B, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2010AA, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2010BA, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2010BB, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2010CA, CLAIM_837_LOOP_2430, CLAIM_ADJUSTMENT_GROUP_CODES, CLAIM_STATUS_277_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, CLAIM_STATUS_CATEGORY_CODES, CLAIM_STATUS_CODES, CLP_STATUS, CONTROL_NUMBER_PAIRS, Claim837BuildError, ClaimStatus277BuildError, DELIMITER_POSITIONS, ELIGIBILITY_271_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2000A, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2000B, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2000C, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2000D, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2100C, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2100D, ELIGIBILITY_271_LOOP_2110, ENROLLMENT_834_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_1000A, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_1000B, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_2000, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_2100A, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_2300, ENROLLMENT_834_LOOP_2320, Eligibility271BuildError, Enrollment834BuildError, FATAL_CODES, HI_QUALIFIERS, HL_LEVEL_CODES, IK3_SYNTAX_ERROR_CODES, IK4_SYNTAX_ERROR_CODES, ISA_MIN_LENGTH, LoopSpecDefinitionError, MAINTENANCE_TYPE_CODES, NM1_QUALIFIERS, NON_SPEC_SEGMENT_ID, PREMIUM_820_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_1000A, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_1000B, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_2000A, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_2100A, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_2300A, PREMIUM_820_LOOP_2310A, Premium820BuildError, RARC, RELEASE_CHAR, REMIT_835_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, REMIT_835_LOOP_1000A, REMIT_835_LOOP_1000B, REMIT_835_LOOP_2000, REMIT_835_LOOP_2100, REMIT_835_LOOP_2110, REQUIRED_LOOPS, Remit835BuildError, SERVICE_TYPE_CODES, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000A, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000B, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000C, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000D, STATUS_277_LOOP_2000E, STATUS_277_LOOP_2200, STATUS_277_LOOP_2220, ServicesReview278BuildError, TA1_ACK_CODES, TA1_NOTE_CODES, UNEXPECTED_SEGMENT_CONTEXTS, VERSION, WARNING_CODES, X12BuildError, X12Decimal, X12ParseError, X12ProfileError, X12_ACK_DISPOSITION_CODES, X12_BUILD_ERROR_CODES, build271, build277, build277CA, build278Request, build278Response, build820, build834, build835, build837D, build837I, build837P, build999, buildInterchange, buildTA1, checkClaimBalance, checkRemitTotalBalance, checkServiceLineBalance, collectElementValues, componentOptional, controlNumberMismatch, danglingReleaseChar, decodeSegment, defineLoopSpec, defineProfile, detectDelimiters, elementDecimal, elementDecimalOrZero, elementOptional, elementValue, escapeRelease, get271Eligibility, get277CADisposition, get277Status, get278Request, get278Response, get820Payments, get834Enrollments, get834Header, get835, get837Claims, getAllSegmentValues, getDefaultProfile, getSegmentValue, groupCountMismatch, hlParentLevelInvalid, hlParentMismatch, isAcceptDisposition, isClaimAdjustmentGroupCode, isDiagnosisQualifier, isProcedureQualifier, lookupCarc, lookupClaimStatus, lookupClaimStatusCategory, lookupClpStatus, lookupMaintenanceType, lookupRarc, lookupServiceType, missingGe, missingIea, missingRequiredLoop, missingSe, parse999, parseTA1, parseX12, partitionWarnings, pre005010, profiles, readElementDecimal, remitBalanceMismatch, renderCallerValue, resolveHiQualifier, segmentCountMismatch, serializeX12, serviceLineDropped, serviceLineNotDecoded, setDefaultProfile, trailingGarbage, transactionCountMismatch, unescapeRelease, unexpectedSegment, unknown837Variant, unknownCarc, unknownClaimStatus, unknownClaimStatusCategory, unknownHiQualifier, unknownMaintenanceType, unknownRarc, unparseableDecimal };
 //# sourceMappingURL=index.mjs.map
 //# sourceMappingURL=index.mjs.map