@cosyte/terminology 0.0.1

package/dist/index.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,4669 @@
+// src/common/coding.ts
+function coding(init) {
+  const out = { code: init.code };
+  if (init.system !== void 0) out.system = init.system;
+  if (init.version !== void 0) out.version = init.version;
+  if (init.display !== void 0) out.display = init.display;
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+function codeableConcept(init) {
+  const frozenCodings = Object.freeze(init.coding.map((c) => coding(c)));
+  const out = {
+    coding: frozenCodings
+  };
+  if (init.text !== void 0) out.text = init.text;
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+
+// src/common/diagnostics.ts
+var DIAGNOSTIC_CODES = {
+  /**
+   * A `$translate` found no target for the source code. A **first-class outcome, never an error** —
+   * the source is surfaced as `unmapped`, never replaced with a guessed target (the never-fabricate
+   * invariant).
+   */
+  TERM_TRANSLATE_UNMAPPED: "TERM_TRANSLATE_UNMAPPED",
+  /**
+   * A code-system identifier (URI, OID, or mnemonic) was not recognized by the identity resolver.
+   * Surfaced as a typed `unknown`, never coerced to a guessed canonical URI.
+   */
+  TERM_SYSTEM_UNRECOGNIZED: "TERM_SYSTEM_UNRECOGNIZED",
+  /**
+   * An RRF (pipe-delimited RxNorm/UMLS release) row was structurally unusable — too few columns to
+   * reach a configured field, or a missing code. The row is **skipped and surfaced** as a load
+   * warning (liberal on load), never kept as a partially-parsed concept.
+   */
+  TERM_RRF_MALFORMED_ROW: "TERM_RRF_MALFORMED_ROW",
+  /**
+   * A CSV (RFC-4180, e.g. LOINC `Loinc.csv`) row was structurally unusable — too few fields to reach
+   * a configured column. The row is **skipped and surfaced** as a load warning, never partial.
+   */
+  TERM_CSV_MALFORMED: "TERM_CSV_MALFORMED",
+  /**
+   * A fixed-width (e.g. ICD-10-CM order file) row was structurally unusable — too short to contain
+   * the configured code field, or a missing code. Skipped and surfaced, never partial.
+   */
+  TERM_FIXED_WIDTH_MALFORMED: "TERM_FIXED_WIDTH_MALFORMED",
+  /**
+   * A concept inside a FHIR `CodeSystem` resource was unusable — not an object, or missing its
+   * required `code`. Skipped and surfaced (the whole resource still loads); `line` is `0` since a
+   * JSON concept is not line-addressable.
+   */
+  TERM_FHIR_CONCEPT_MALFORMED: "TERM_FHIR_CONCEPT_MALFORMED",
+  /**
+   * A `$lookup`/`$validate-code` found no concept for the code in the loaded release. A **first-class
+   * typed outcome, never a guess** — the engine returns `unknown`/`valid: false`, never a fabricated
+   * display or a coerced `valid: true` (the never-fabricate invariant, applied to code identity).
+   */
+  TERM_CODE_UNKNOWN: "TERM_CODE_UNKNOWN",
+  /**
+   * A resolved concept is **deprecated / no longer current** (e.g. LOINC `STATUS = DEPRECATED`, or a
+   * FHIR concept flagged `inactive`). Surfaced on the concept's status so a caller never presents a
+   * non-current code as clean; the concept is still *found* (a lookup succeeds), it is just flagged.
+   */
+  TERM_CONCEPT_DEPRECATED: "TERM_CONCEPT_DEPRECATED",
+  /**
+   * A resolved concept is a **classification header, not a billable/valid leaf** (e.g. an ICD-10-CM
+   * order-file row with the position-15 flag `0`). Surfaced on the concept's status: a header code is
+   * found but is **not valid for claim submission**, and must never be presented as billable.
+   */
+  TERM_CONCEPT_HEADER_NOT_BILLABLE: "TERM_CONCEPT_HEADER_NOT_BILLABLE",
+  /**
+   * A ValueSet `compose` part could **not be expanded** — an intensional `include`/`exclude` whose
+   * code system was not supplied, an unresolvable referenced value set, or a `filter` operator the
+   * engine does not implement. Surfaced as a typed outcome that marks the expansion **incomplete**;
+   * the engine **never** fabricates a member and **never** returns a silently-empty "no members"
+   * answer for a part it could not compute (roadmap §4.4 — a false "not a member" is a clinical error).
+   */
+  TERM_VALUESET_CANNOT_EXPAND: "TERM_VALUESET_CANNOT_EXPAND",
+  /**
+   * A **pre-computed** `ValueSet.expansion` is **incomplete** — its `total` exceeds the number of
+   * `contains` entries, or it is flagged too-costly (the VSAC `$expand` >1200-code truncation hazard,
+   * roadmap §4.4). The engine **never treats a truncated expansion as complete membership**: a code
+   * absent from a truncated expansion is `undetermined`, never a confident "not a member".
+   */
+  TERM_VALUESET_EXPANSION_TRUNCATED: "TERM_VALUESET_EXPANSION_TRUNCATED",
+  /**
+   * A UCUM unit expression is **not valid** — it does not parse against the UCUM grammar, or it
+   * names an atom absent from the vendored UCUM table. A **first-class typed outcome, never an
+   * error and never a guess**: {@link validateUcum} returns `{ valid: false, reason }`, never a
+   * coerced or "nearest" unit (the never-fabricate invariant, applied to units — roadmap §4.3). The
+   * `reason` is value-free (a grammar fault or an unknown-atom shape), never PHI.
+   */
+  TERM_UCUM_INVALID: "TERM_UCUM_INVALID",
+  /**
+   * A crosswalk source code has an **authored No-Map** — the steward declares it has no valid target
+   * in the other classification (a GEM `NoDx`/`NoPCS` sentinel, or a SNOMED complex-map `447638001`
+   * "cannot be classified" category). A **first-class typed outcome, never an error and never a
+   * guess** (the never-fabricate invariant, applied to crosswalks — roadmap §4.1). Distinct from
+   * {@link TERM_CROSSWALK_UNMAPPED}: the source *is* in the map, and the map says "no target".
+   */
+  TERM_CROSSWALK_NO_MAP: "TERM_CROSSWALK_NO_MAP",
+  /**
+   * A crosswalk source code is **absent from the map entirely** — not an authored No-Map, simply not
+   * present. Surfaced as a typed outcome (never a fabricated target, never a silent success), and
+   * kept distinct from {@link TERM_CROSSWALK_NO_MAP} so a caller can tell "the steward said no target"
+   * from "this code was not in the file".
+   */
+  TERM_CROSSWALK_UNMAPPED: "TERM_CROSSWALK_UNMAPPED",
+  /**
+   * A SNOMED→ICD-10-CM complex-map group's decision needs **patient context** (an `IFA` age band or
+   * gender) the caller did not supply. The engine surfaces the candidate rules + advice and **refuses
+   * to pick a branch** it lacks the data for (roadmap §4.1) — never a silently-chosen target.
+   */
+  TERM_CROSSWALK_CONTEXT_REQUIRED: "TERM_CROSSWALK_CONTEXT_REQUIRED",
+  /**
+   * A GEM file line was structurally unusable — not three whitespace-delimited fields, or a flag
+   * field that is not a 5-digit code. The row is **skipped and surfaced** as a load warning (liberal
+   * on load), never kept as a partially-parsed entry.
+   */
+  TERM_GEM_MALFORMED_ROW: "TERM_GEM_MALFORMED_ROW",
+  /**
+   * A SNOMED complex-map RF2 refset row was structurally unusable — missing its
+   * `referencedComponentId`/`mapGroup`/`mapPriority`. Skipped and surfaced, never partial.
+   */
+  TERM_COMPLEX_MAP_MALFORMED_ROW: "TERM_COMPLEX_MAP_MALFORMED_ROW",
+  /**
+   * A RxNorm RRF row (`RXNCONSO` / `RXNREL` / `RXNSAT`) was structurally unusable — too few columns to
+   * reach a required field, or a missing `RXCUI`/NDC value. The row is **skipped and surfaced** as a
+   * load warning (liberal on load), never kept as a partial concept/edge. Rows that are simply *not of
+   * interest* (a non-`RXNORM` atom, an atom-level relationship, a non-`NDC` attribute) are skipped
+   * **silently** — they are expected, not faults.
+   */
+  TERM_RXNORM_MALFORMED_ROW: "TERM_RXNORM_MALFORMED_ROW",
+  /**
+   * A RxNorm graph navigation was asked about an `RXCUI` **absent from the loaded release** — a
+   * first-class typed outcome, never a fabricated concept and never an empty "success" (the
+   * never-fabricate invariant, applied to the drug graph — roadmap §4.2). Distinct from a *present*
+   * concept that simply has no edge of the requested relationship (that is a found result with empty
+   * targets).
+   */
+  TERM_RXNORM_UNKNOWN_RXCUI: "TERM_RXNORM_UNKNOWN_RXCUI",
+  /**
+   * An NDC could **not be resolved** to any `RXCUI` in the loaded RxNorm release — a typed, surfaced
+   * absence, never a guessed `RXCUI`. NDC↔RXCUI is many:1 and temporal (roadmap §4.2), so a resolution
+   * is always release-scoped; an NDC not present in the loaded release is this diagnostic.
+   */
+  TERM_RXNORM_NDC_UNMAPPED: "TERM_RXNORM_NDC_UNMAPPED"
+};
+var FATAL_CODES = {
+  /**
+   * A `ConceptMap` resource was structurally unusable — wrong `resourceType`, or a group/element
+   * missing a required field. Thrown rather than silently loading a partial, misleading map.
+   */
+  TERM_CONCEPTMAP_MALFORMED: "TERM_CONCEPTMAP_MALFORMED",
+  /**
+   * A CodeSystem *source* was structurally unusable — a FHIR resource with the wrong `resourceType`,
+   * or a delimited source whose configured code/display column is absent from the header. Thrown
+   * rather than silently loading an empty or mis-keyed release. (Malformed individual **rows** are
+   * skipped-and-surfaced load warnings, not fatals — only an unusable *source* is fatal.)
+   */
+  TERM_CODESYSTEM_MALFORMED: "TERM_CODESYSTEM_MALFORMED",
+  /**
+   * A `ValueSet` resource was structurally unusable — wrong `resourceType`, or a `compose`/`expansion`
+   * whose required shape (an `include` that is not an object, a `contains` entry missing its `code`)
+   * is corrupt. Thrown rather than silently loading a partial value set that would bind *some* codes
+   * and quietly drop others. (A `filter` operator the engine does not implement is **not** fatal — it
+   * is the surfaced `TERM_VALUESET_CANNOT_EXPAND` diagnostic at expansion time.)
+   */
+  TERM_VALUESET_MALFORMED: "TERM_VALUESET_MALFORMED",
+  /**
+   * A crosswalk map *source* was structurally unusable — e.g. a SNOMED complex-map RF2 refset with
+   * empty content or a header missing a required column. Thrown rather than silently loading an empty
+   * or mis-keyed map. (Malformed individual **rows** are skipped-and-surfaced warnings, not fatals.)
+   */
+  TERM_CROSSWALK_MALFORMED: "TERM_CROSSWALK_MALFORMED",
+  /**
+   * An **inversion** of a directional crosswalk was requested — a forbidden operation. The GEMs and
+   * the SNOMED→ICD-10-CM map are authoritative in **one direction only**; a forward map is not the
+   * inverse of the backward map (roadmap §4.1). Thrown by {@link ../crosswalk/gems.invertGem} so the
+   * never-invert refusal is a first-class, discoverable contract rather than a silent absence.
+   */
+  TERM_MAP_NOT_INVERTIBLE: "TERM_MAP_NOT_INVERTIBLE"
+};
+var TerminologyError = class _TerminologyError extends Error {
+  /** The stable fatal code. Branch on this, not on {@link message}. */
+  code;
+  /**
+   * @param code - The stable {@link FatalCode} describing the fault.
+   * @param message - A **value-free** structural description (path + fault; never an input value).
+   */
+  constructor(code, message) {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = "TerminologyError";
+    this.code = code;
+    Object.setPrototypeOf(this, _TerminologyError.prototype);
+  }
+};
+
+// src/common/fhir-json.ts
+function isJsonObject(value) {
+  return typeof value === "object" && value !== null && !Array.isArray(value);
+}
+function getString(obj, key) {
+  if (!isJsonObject(obj)) return void 0;
+  const v = obj[key];
+  return typeof v === "string" ? v : void 0;
+}
+function getArray(obj, key) {
+  if (!isJsonObject(obj)) return void 0;
+  const v = obj[key];
+  return Array.isArray(v) ? v : void 0;
+}
+function getBoolean(obj, key) {
+  if (!isJsonObject(obj)) return void 0;
+  const v = obj[key];
+  return typeof v === "boolean" ? v : void 0;
+}
+function getNumber(obj, key) {
+  if (!isJsonObject(obj)) return void 0;
+  const v = obj[key];
+  return typeof v === "number" && Number.isFinite(v) ? v : void 0;
+}
+
+// src/systems/registry.ts
+var SYSTEM_IDENTITIES = Object.freeze(
+  [
+    {
+      url: "http://loinc.org",
+      oid: "2.16.840.1.113883.6.1",
+      name: "LOINC",
+      mnemonics: ["LN", "LOINC"]
+    },
+    {
+      url: "http://snomed.info/sct",
+      oid: "2.16.840.1.113883.6.96",
+      name: "SNOMED CT",
+      mnemonics: ["SCT", "SNOMEDCT", "SNOMED"]
+    },
+    {
+      url: "http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10-cm",
+      oid: "2.16.840.1.113883.6.90",
+      name: "ICD-10-CM",
+      mnemonics: ["I10C", "ICD10CM"]
+    },
+    {
+      url: "http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm",
+      oid: "2.16.840.1.113883.6.88",
+      name: "RxNorm",
+      mnemonics: ["RXNORM"]
+    },
+    {
+      url: "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
+      oid: "2.16.840.1.113883.6.8",
+      name: "UCUM",
+      mnemonics: ["UCUM"]
+    },
+    {
+      url: "http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt",
+      oid: "2.16.840.1.113883.6.12",
+      name: "CPT",
+      mnemonics: ["C4", "CPT"]
+    },
+    {
+      url: "http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/ndc",
+      oid: "2.16.840.1.113883.6.69",
+      name: "NDC",
+      mnemonics: ["NDC"]
+    },
+    {
+      url: "http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/cvx",
+      oid: "2.16.840.1.113883.12.292",
+      name: "CVX (CDC Vaccine Codes)",
+      mnemonics: ["CVX"]
+    }
+  ].map((e) => Object.freeze({ ...e, mnemonics: Object.freeze([...e.mnemonics]) }))
+);
+var HL7_V2_OID_ROOT = "2.16.840.1.113883.12";
+var HL7_V2_URL_PREFIX = "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v2-";
+
+// src/systems/resolve.ts
+var byUrl = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+var byOid = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+var byMnemonic = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+for (const id of SYSTEM_IDENTITIES) {
+  byUrl.set(id.url.toLowerCase(), id);
+  if (id.oid !== void 0) byOid.set(id.oid, id);
+  for (const m of id.mnemonics) byMnemonic.set(m.toLowerCase(), id);
+}
+var OID_RE = /^[0-2](?:\.(?:0|[1-9]\d*))+$/;
+function stripOidPrefix(input) {
+  const lower = input.toLowerCase();
+  return lower.startsWith("urn:oid:") ? input.slice("urn:oid:".length) : input;
+}
+function resolveV2Table(rawInput, bareOid) {
+  if (bareOid.startsWith(`${HL7_V2_OID_ROOT}.`)) {
+    const tail = bareOid.slice(HL7_V2_OID_ROOT.length + 1);
+    if (/^(?:0|[1-9]\d{0,3})$/.test(tail)) {
+      const padded = tail.padStart(4, "0");
+      return Object.freeze({
+        url: `${HL7_V2_URL_PREFIX}${padded}`,
+        oid: bareOid,
+        name: `HL7 v2 table ${padded}`,
+        mnemonics: Object.freeze([`v2-${padded}`])
+      });
+    }
+  }
+  const lower = rawInput.toLowerCase();
+  if (lower.startsWith(HL7_V2_URL_PREFIX.toLowerCase())) {
+    const tail = rawInput.slice(HL7_V2_URL_PREFIX.length);
+    if (/^\d{1,4}$/.test(tail)) {
+      const padded = tail.padStart(4, "0");
+      const table = String(Number(tail));
+      return Object.freeze({
+        url: `${HL7_V2_URL_PREFIX}${padded}`,
+        oid: `${HL7_V2_OID_ROOT}.${table}`,
+        name: `HL7 v2 table ${padded}`,
+        mnemonics: Object.freeze([`v2-${padded}`])
+      });
+    }
+  }
+  return void 0;
+}
+function resolveSystem(id) {
+  if (typeof id !== "string") return { unknown: true, input: "" };
+  const input = id.trim();
+  if (input === "") return { unknown: true, input: id };
+  const urlHit = byUrl.get(input.toLowerCase());
+  if (urlHit) return urlHit;
+  const mnemonicHit = byMnemonic.get(input.toLowerCase());
+  if (mnemonicHit) return mnemonicHit;
+  const bareOid = stripOidPrefix(input);
+  if (OID_RE.test(bareOid)) {
+    const oidHit = byOid.get(bareOid);
+    if (oidHit) return oidHit;
+    const v22 = resolveV2Table(input, bareOid);
+    if (v22) return v22;
+    return { unknown: true, input };
+  }
+  const v2 = resolveV2Table(input, bareOid);
+  if (v2) return v2;
+  return { unknown: true, input };
+}
+function isUnknownSystem(result) {
+  return "unknown" in result;
+}
+
+// src/conceptmap/load.ts
+var R4_EQUIVALENCES = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([
+  "relatedto",
+  "equivalent",
+  "equal",
+  "wider",
+  "subsumes",
+  "narrower",
+  "specializes",
+  "inexact",
+  "unmatched",
+  "disjoint"
+]);
+var INPUT_UNMAPPED_MODES = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([
+  "provided",
+  "fixed",
+  "other-map"
+]);
+function malformed(path, fault) {
+  throw new TerminologyError(FATAL_CODES.TERM_CONCEPTMAP_MALFORMED, `ConceptMap ${path}: ${fault}`);
+}
+function assignString(out, src, key) {
+  const v = getString(src, key);
+  if (v !== void 0) out[key] = v;
+}
+function loadTarget(raw, path) {
+  if (!isJsonObject(raw)) malformed(path, "target is not an object");
+  const equivalence = getString(raw, "equivalence");
+  if (equivalence === void 0) {
+    malformed(path, "target is missing the required 'equivalence' field");
+  }
+  if (!R4_EQUIVALENCES.has(equivalence)) {
+    malformed(path, "target has an unrecognized 'equivalence' value");
+  }
+  const out = { equivalence };
+  assignString(out, raw, "code");
+  assignString(out, raw, "display");
+  assignString(out, raw, "comment");
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+function loadElement(raw, path) {
+  if (!isJsonObject(raw)) malformed(path, "element is not an object");
+  const rawTargets = getArray(raw, "target") ?? [];
+  const target = Object.freeze(
+    rawTargets.map((t, i) => loadTarget(t, `${path}.target[${String(i)}]`))
+  );
+  const out = { target };
+  assignString(out, raw, "code");
+  assignString(out, raw, "display");
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+function loadUnmapped(raw, path) {
+  if (!isJsonObject(raw)) malformed(path, "unmapped is not an object");
+  const mode = getString(raw, "mode");
+  if (mode === void 0 || !INPUT_UNMAPPED_MODES.has(mode)) {
+    malformed(path, "unmapped has a missing or unrecognized 'mode'");
+  }
+  const out = { mode };
+  assignString(out, raw, "code");
+  assignString(out, raw, "display");
+  assignString(out, raw, "url");
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+function loadGroup(raw, path) {
+  if (!isJsonObject(raw)) malformed(path, "group is not an object");
+  const rawElements = getArray(raw, "element") ?? [];
+  const element = Object.freeze(
+    rawElements.map((e, i) => loadElement(e, `${path}.element[${String(i)}]`))
+  );
+  const out = { element };
+  assignString(out, raw, "source");
+  assignString(out, raw, "sourceVersion");
+  assignString(out, raw, "target");
+  assignString(out, raw, "targetVersion");
+  if (isJsonObject(raw) && raw["unmapped"] !== void 0) {
+    out.unmapped = loadUnmapped(raw["unmapped"], `${path}.unmapped`);
+  }
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+function loadConceptMap(json) {
+  if (!isJsonObject(json)) malformed("", "resource is not a JSON object");
+  const resourceType = getString(json, "resourceType");
+  if (resourceType !== "ConceptMap") {
+    malformed("", "resource is not a ConceptMap (wrong or missing resourceType)");
+  }
+  const rawGroups = getArray(json, "group") ?? [];
+  const group = Object.freeze(rawGroups.map((g, i) => loadGroup(g, `group[${String(i)}]`)));
+  const out = { group };
+  assignString(out, json, "url");
+  assignString(out, json, "version");
+  const sourceScope = getString(json, "sourceUri") ?? getString(json, "sourceCanonical");
+  const targetScope = getString(json, "targetUri") ?? getString(json, "targetCanonical");
+  if (sourceScope !== void 0) out.sourceScope = sourceScope;
+  if (targetScope !== void 0) out.targetScope = targetScope;
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+
+// src/conceptmap/translate.ts
+function equivalenceToRelationship(equivalence) {
+  switch (equivalence) {
+    case "equivalent":
+    case "equal":
+      return "equivalent";
+    case "wider":
+    case "subsumes":
+      return "source-is-narrower-than-target";
+    case "narrower":
+    case "specializes":
+      return "source-is-broader-than-target";
+    case "relatedto":
+    case "inexact":
+      return "related-to";
+    case "disjoint":
+    case "unmatched":
+      return "not-related-to";
+  }
+}
+function groupApplies(group, system) {
+  if (system === void 0) return true;
+  return group.source === void 0 || group.source === system;
+}
+function provenanceOf(map, group, sourceSystem) {
+  const out = {};
+  if (map.url !== void 0) out.conceptMapUrl = map.url;
+  if (map.version !== void 0) out.conceptMapVersion = map.version;
+  const src = sourceSystem ?? group?.source;
+  if (src !== void 0) out.sourceSystem = src;
+  if (group?.target !== void 0) out.targetSystem = group.target;
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+function unmappedResult(source, mode, provenance, fixedTarget, otherMapUrl) {
+  const out = {
+    unmapped: true,
+    code: "TERM_TRANSLATE_UNMAPPED",
+    mode,
+    source,
+    provenance
+  };
+  if (fixedTarget !== void 0) out.fixedTarget = fixedTarget;
+  if (otherMapUrl !== void 0) out.otherMapUrl = otherMapUrl;
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+function translate(sourceCoding, map) {
+  const source = coding(sourceCoding);
+  const system = source.system;
+  const matches = [];
+  let firstMatchGroup;
+  let sourceCodePresent = false;
+  let fallbackGroup;
+  for (const group of map.group) {
+    if (!groupApplies(group, system)) continue;
+    if (fallbackGroup === void 0 && group.unmapped !== void 0) fallbackGroup = group;
+    for (const element of group.element) {
+      if (element.code !== source.code) continue;
+      sourceCodePresent = true;
+      for (const t of element.target) {
+        if (t.code === void 0 || t.equivalence === "unmatched") continue;
+        const targetCoding = coding({
+          ...group.target !== void 0 ? { system: group.target } : {},
+          code: t.code,
+          ...t.display !== void 0 ? { display: t.display } : {},
+          ...group.targetVersion !== void 0 ? { version: group.targetVersion } : {}
+        });
+        const match = {
+          target: targetCoding,
+          relationship: equivalenceToRelationship(t.equivalence),
+          equivalence: t.equivalence
+        };
+        if (t.comment !== void 0) match.comment = t.comment;
+        matches.push(Object.freeze(match));
+        if (firstMatchGroup === void 0) firstMatchGroup = group;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (matches.length > 0) {
+    return Object.freeze({
+      unmapped: false,
+      matches: Object.freeze(matches),
+      provenance: provenanceOf(map, firstMatchGroup, system)
+    });
+  }
+  if (!sourceCodePresent && fallbackGroup?.unmapped !== void 0) {
+    const um = fallbackGroup.unmapped;
+    const provenance = provenanceOf(map, fallbackGroup, system);
+    if (um.mode === "fixed" && um.code !== void 0) {
+      const fixed = coding({
+        ...fallbackGroup.target !== void 0 ? { system: fallbackGroup.target } : {},
+        code: um.code,
+        ...um.display !== void 0 ? { display: um.display } : {}
+      });
+      return unmappedResult(source, "fixed", provenance, fixed, void 0);
+    }
+    if (um.mode === "other-map") {
+      return unmappedResult(source, "other-map", provenance, void 0, um.url);
+    }
+    if (um.mode === "provided") {
+      return unmappedResult(source, "provided", provenance, void 0, void 0);
+    }
+  }
+  return unmappedResult(
+    source,
+    "none",
+    provenanceOf(map, firstMatchGroup, system),
+    void 0,
+    void 0
+  );
+}
+
+// src/codesystem/status.ts
+var defaultStatusMapper = (raw) => {
+  switch (raw.trim().toUpperCase()) {
+    case "":
+    case "N":
+    case "ACTIVE":
+      return "active";
+    case "DEPRECATED":
+      return "deprecated";
+    case "DISCOURAGED":
+      return "discouraged";
+    case "TRIAL":
+      return "trial";
+    case "O":
+    case "OBSOLETE":
+      return "obsolete";
+    case "Y":
+    case "E":
+    case "SUPPRESSED":
+      return "suppressed";
+    default:
+      return "unknown";
+  }
+};
+function makeStatus(activity, raw, billable) {
+  const out = { activity, active: activity === "active" };
+  if (raw !== void 0 && raw !== "") out.raw = raw;
+  if (billable !== void 0) out.billable = billable;
+  if (activity === "deprecated") out.code = DIAGNOSTIC_CODES.TERM_CONCEPT_DEPRECATED;
+  else if (activity === "header") out.code = DIAGNOSTIC_CODES.TERM_CONCEPT_HEADER_NOT_BILLABLE;
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+
+// src/codesystem/csv.ts
+function parseCsvRows(content) {
+  const rows = [];
+  let row = [];
+  let field = "";
+  let inQuotes = false;
+  let fieldStart = true;
+  let sawAny = false;
+  const n = content.length;
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const ch = content.charAt(i);
+    if (inQuotes) {
+      if (ch === '"') {
+        if (content.charAt(i + 1) === '"') {
+          field += '"';
+          i++;
+        } else {
+          inQuotes = false;
+        }
+      } else {
+        field += ch;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ch === '"' && fieldStart) {
+      inQuotes = true;
+      fieldStart = false;
+      sawAny = true;
+    } else if (ch === ",") {
+      row.push(field);
+      field = "";
+      fieldStart = true;
+      sawAny = true;
+    } else if (ch === "\n") {
+      row.push(field);
+      rows.push(row);
+      row = [];
+      field = "";
+      fieldStart = true;
+      sawAny = false;
+    } else if (ch === "\r") ; else {
+      field += ch;
+      fieldStart = false;
+      sawAny = true;
+    }
+  }
+  if (sawAny || field !== "" || row.length > 0) {
+    row.push(field);
+    rows.push(row);
+  }
+  return { rows, unterminatedQuote: inQuotes };
+}
+function parseCsv(content) {
+  return parseCsvRows(content).rows;
+}
+function requireHeader(header, name) {
+  const idx = header.indexOf(name);
+  if (idx < 0) {
+    throw new TerminologyError(
+      FATAL_CODES.TERM_CODESYSTEM_MALFORMED,
+      `CSV source: required column '${name}' is not present in the header row`
+    );
+  }
+  return idx;
+}
+function parseCsvSource(source) {
+  const statusMap = source.statusMap ?? defaultStatusMapper;
+  const { rows, unterminatedQuote } = parseCsvRows(source.content);
+  const header = rows[0];
+  if (header === void 0) {
+    throw new TerminologyError(
+      FATAL_CODES.TERM_CODESYSTEM_MALFORMED,
+      "CSV source: the file has no header row"
+    );
+  }
+  const warnings = [];
+  if (unterminatedQuote) {
+    warnings.push(
+      Object.freeze({
+        code: DIAGNOSTIC_CODES.TERM_CSV_MALFORMED,
+        line: rows.length,
+        detail: "an opened quoted field was not terminated before end-of-input"
+      })
+    );
+  }
+  const codeIdx = requireHeader(header, source.columns.code);
+  const displayIdx = requireHeader(header, source.columns.display);
+  const statusIdx = source.columns.status !== void 0 ? requireHeader(header, source.columns.status) : void 0;
+  const propIdx = (source.columns.properties ?? []).map((n) => ({
+    name: n,
+    index: requireHeader(header, n)
+  }));
+  const needCols = Math.max(codeIdx, displayIdx, statusIdx ?? 0, ...propIdx.map((p) => p.index)) + 1;
+  const concepts = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  for (let r = 1; r < rows.length; r++) {
+    const cells = rows[r] ?? [];
+    const lineNo = r + 1;
+    if (cells.length < needCols) {
+      warnings.push(
+        Object.freeze({
+          code: DIAGNOSTIC_CODES.TERM_CSV_MALFORMED,
+          line: lineNo,
+          detail: `row has ${String(cells.length)} fields, need ${String(needCols)}`
+        })
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+    const code = (cells[codeIdx] ?? "").trim();
+    if (code === "") {
+      warnings.push(
+        Object.freeze({
+          code: DIAGNOSTIC_CODES.TERM_CSV_MALFORMED,
+          line: lineNo,
+          detail: "row is missing its code"
+        })
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (concepts.has(code)) continue;
+    const out = { code, properties: [] };
+    const display = (cells[displayIdx] ?? "").trim();
+    if (display !== "") out.display = display;
+    if (statusIdx !== void 0) {
+      const rawStatus = (cells[statusIdx] ?? "").trim();
+      out.status = makeStatus(statusMap(rawStatus), rawStatus);
+    }
+    const props = [];
+    for (const p of propIdx) {
+      const value = (cells[p.index] ?? "").trim();
+      if (value !== "") props.push(Object.freeze({ code: p.name, value }));
+    }
+    out.properties = Object.freeze(props);
+    concepts.set(code, Object.freeze(out));
+  }
+  return { concepts, warnings };
+}
+
+// src/codesystem/fhir.ts
+function readPropertyValue(raw) {
+  const s = getString(raw, "valueString") ?? getString(raw, "valueCode") ?? getString(raw, "valueDateTime");
+  if (s !== void 0) return s;
+  const b = getBoolean(raw, "valueBoolean");
+  if (b !== void 0) return b;
+  const num = getNumber(raw, "valueInteger") ?? getNumber(raw, "valueDecimal");
+  if (num !== void 0) return num;
+  const coding2 = raw["valueCoding"];
+  const codingCode = getString(coding2, "code");
+  if (codingCode !== void 0) return codingCode;
+  return void 0;
+}
+function deriveStatus(props) {
+  const statusProp = props.find((p) => p.code === "status");
+  if (statusProp !== void 0 && typeof statusProp.value === "string") {
+    const raw = statusProp.value;
+    const activity = raw.trim().toLowerCase() === "active" ? "active" : "deprecated";
+    return makeStatus(activity, raw);
+  }
+  const inactive = props.find((p) => p.code === "inactive");
+  const deprecated = props.find((p) => p.code === "deprecated");
+  if (inactive?.value === true || deprecated !== void 0) {
+    return makeStatus("deprecated");
+  }
+  return void 0;
+}
+function collectConcepts(rawConcepts, into, warnings, parentCode) {
+  for (const raw of rawConcepts) {
+    if (!isJsonObject(raw)) {
+      warnings.push(
+        Object.freeze({
+          code: DIAGNOSTIC_CODES.TERM_FHIR_CONCEPT_MALFORMED,
+          line: 0,
+          detail: "concept is not an object"
+        })
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+    const code = getString(raw, "code");
+    if (code !== void 0 && code !== "" && !into.has(code)) {
+      const props = [];
+      for (const p of getArray(raw, "property") ?? []) {
+        const pcode = getString(p, "code");
+        if (pcode === void 0) continue;
+        const value = isJsonObject(p) ? readPropertyValue(p) : void 0;
+        if (value !== void 0) props.push(Object.freeze({ code: pcode, value }));
+      }
+      if (parentCode !== void 0 && !props.some((p) => p.code === "parent" && p.value === parentCode)) {
+        props.push(Object.freeze({ code: "parent", value: parentCode }));
+      }
+      const out = { code, properties: Object.freeze(props) };
+      const display = getString(raw, "display");
+      if (display !== void 0) out.display = display;
+      const definition = getString(raw, "definition");
+      if (definition !== void 0) out.definition = definition;
+      const status = deriveStatus(props);
+      if (status !== void 0) out.status = status;
+      into.set(code, Object.freeze(out));
+    } else if (code === void 0 || code === "") {
+      warnings.push(
+        Object.freeze({
+          code: DIAGNOSTIC_CODES.TERM_FHIR_CONCEPT_MALFORMED,
+          line: 0,
+          detail: "concept is missing its required code"
+        })
+      );
+    }
+    const children = getArray(raw, "concept");
+    if (children !== void 0) {
+      collectConcepts(children, into, warnings, code !== "" ? code : void 0);
+    }
+  }
+}
+function parseFhirCodeSystem(source) {
+  const resource = source.resource;
+  if (!isJsonObject(resource) || getString(resource, "resourceType") !== "CodeSystem") {
+    throw new TerminologyError(
+      FATAL_CODES.TERM_CODESYSTEM_MALFORMED,
+      "FHIR source: resource is not a CodeSystem (wrong or missing resourceType)"
+    );
+  }
+  const concepts = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  const warnings = [];
+  collectConcepts(getArray(resource, "concept") ?? [], concepts, warnings);
+  const out = { concepts, warnings };
+  const url = getString(resource, "url");
+  if (url !== void 0) out.url = url;
+  const version = getString(resource, "version");
+  if (version !== void 0) out.version = version;
+  const name = getString(resource, "name");
+  if (name !== void 0) out.name = name;
+  return out;
+}
+
+// src/codesystem/fixed-width.ts
+function sliceField(line, slice) {
+  const raw = slice.end === void 0 ? line.slice(slice.start) : line.slice(slice.start, slice.end);
+  return raw.trim();
+}
+var ICD10CM_ORDER_FILE_FIELDS = Object.freeze({
+  code: Object.freeze({ start: 6, end: 13 }),
+  display: Object.freeze({ start: 77 }),
+  billable: Object.freeze({ at: 14, billableValue: "1" }),
+  properties: Object.freeze([
+    Object.freeze({ name: "shortDescription", slice: Object.freeze({ start: 16, end: 76 }) })
+  ])
+});
+function parseFixedWidth(source) {
+  const statusMap = source.statusMap ?? defaultStatusMapper;
+  const fields = source.fields;
+  const concepts = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  const warnings = [];
+  const lines = source.content.split(/\r?\n/);
+  for (let i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+    const line = lines[i] ?? "";
+    if (line.trim() === "") continue;
+    const lineNo = i + 1;
+    if (line.length <= fields.code.start) {
+      warnings.push(
+        Object.freeze({
+          code: DIAGNOSTIC_CODES.TERM_FIXED_WIDTH_MALFORMED,
+          line: lineNo,
+          detail: `line length ${String(line.length)} does not reach the code field`
+        })
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+    const code = sliceField(line, fields.code);
+    if (code === "") {
+      warnings.push(
+        Object.freeze({
+          code: DIAGNOSTIC_CODES.TERM_FIXED_WIDTH_MALFORMED,
+          line: lineNo,
+          detail: "row is missing its code"
+        })
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (concepts.has(code)) continue;
+    const out = { code, properties: [] };
+    const display = sliceField(line, fields.display);
+    if (display !== "") out.display = display;
+    if (fields.billable !== void 0) {
+      const flag = line.charAt(fields.billable.at);
+      const billable = flag === fields.billable.billableValue;
+      const activity = billable ? "active" : "header";
+      out.status = makeStatus(activity, flag, billable);
+    } else if (fields.status !== void 0) {
+      const rawStatus = sliceField(line, fields.status);
+      out.status = makeStatus(statusMap(rawStatus), rawStatus);
+    }
+    const props = [];
+    for (const p of fields.properties ?? []) {
+      const value = sliceField(line, p.slice);
+      if (value !== "") props.push(Object.freeze({ code: p.name, value }));
+    }
+    out.properties = Object.freeze(props);
+    concepts.set(code, Object.freeze(out));
+  }
+  return { concepts, warnings };
+}
+
+// src/codesystem/rrf.ts
+function parseRrfLine(line) {
+  const cells = line.split("|");
+  if (cells.length > 0 && cells[cells.length - 1] === "") cells.pop();
+  return cells;
+}
+function maxColumn(source) {
+  const { code, display, status, properties } = source.columns;
+  let max = Math.max(code, display, status ?? 0);
+  for (const p of properties ?? []) max = Math.max(max, p.column);
+  return max;
+}
+function cell(cells, index) {
+  const v = cells[index];
+  return v === void 0 ? void 0 : v.trim();
+}
+function parseRrf(source) {
+  const statusMap = source.statusMap ?? defaultStatusMapper;
+  const needCols = maxColumn(source) + 1;
+  const concepts = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  const warnings = [];
+  const lines = source.content.split(/\r?\n/);
+  for (let i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+    const raw = lines[i] ?? "";
+    if (raw === "") continue;
+    const lineNo = i + 1;
+    const cells = parseRrfLine(raw);
+    if (cells.length < needCols) {
+      warnings.push(
+        Object.freeze({
+          code: DIAGNOSTIC_CODES.TERM_RRF_MALFORMED_ROW,
+          line: lineNo,
+          detail: `row has ${String(cells.length)} columns, need ${String(needCols)}`
+        })
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+    const code = cell(cells, source.columns.code);
+    if (code === void 0 || code === "") {
+      warnings.push(
+        Object.freeze({
+          code: DIAGNOSTIC_CODES.TERM_RRF_MALFORMED_ROW,
+          line: lineNo,
+          detail: "row is missing its code"
+        })
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (concepts.has(code)) continue;
+    const out = { code, properties: [] };
+    const display = cell(cells, source.columns.display);
+    if (display !== void 0 && display !== "") out.display = display;
+    if (source.columns.status !== void 0) {
+      const rawStatus = cell(cells, source.columns.status) ?? "";
+      out.status = makeStatus(statusMap(rawStatus), rawStatus);
+    }
+    const props = [];
+    for (const p of source.columns.properties ?? []) {
+      const value = cell(cells, p.column);
+      if (value !== void 0 && value !== "") {
+        props.push(Object.freeze({ code: p.name, value }));
+      }
+    }
+    out.properties = Object.freeze(props);
+    concepts.set(code, Object.freeze(out));
+  }
+  return { concepts, warnings };
+}
+
+// src/codesystem/load.ts
+function sealConceptMap(map) {
+  const guard = () => {
+    throw new TypeError("Cannot mutate a loaded CodeSystem's concepts map (it is immutable)");
+  };
+  for (const method of ["set", "delete", "clear"]) {
+    Object.defineProperty(map, method, { value: guard, writable: false, configurable: false });
+  }
+  return map;
+}
+function loadCodeSystem(source) {
+  let concepts;
+  let warnings;
+  const out = { count: 0, concepts: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(), warnings: [] };
+  switch (source.format) {
+    case "rrf": {
+      ({ concepts, warnings } = parseRrf(source));
+      if (source.url !== void 0) out.url = source.url;
+      if (source.version !== void 0) out.version = source.version;
+      if (source.name !== void 0) out.name = source.name;
+      break;
+    }
+    case "csv": {
+      ({ concepts, warnings } = parseCsvSource(source));
+      if (source.url !== void 0) out.url = source.url;
+      if (source.version !== void 0) out.version = source.version;
+      if (source.name !== void 0) out.name = source.name;
+      break;
+    }
+    case "fixed-width": {
+      ({ concepts, warnings } = parseFixedWidth(source));
+      if (source.url !== void 0) out.url = source.url;
+      if (source.version !== void 0) out.version = source.version;
+      if (source.name !== void 0) out.name = source.name;
+      break;
+    }
+    case "fhir": {
+      const parsed = parseFhirCodeSystem(source);
+      concepts = parsed.concepts;
+      warnings = parsed.warnings;
+      if (parsed.url !== void 0) out.url = parsed.url;
+      if (parsed.version !== void 0) out.version = parsed.version;
+      if (parsed.name !== void 0) out.name = parsed.name;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  out.count = concepts.size;
+  out.concepts = sealConceptMap(concepts);
+  out.warnings = Object.freeze(warnings);
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+
+// src/codesystem/lookup.ts
+function lookup(cs, code) {
+  const concept = cs.concepts.get(code);
+  if (concept === void 0) {
+    const unknown = { found: false, code: "TERM_CODE_UNKNOWN", input: code };
+    return Object.freeze(unknown);
+  }
+  const out = {
+    found: true,
+    code: concept.code,
+    properties: concept.properties
+  };
+  if (concept.display !== void 0) out.display = concept.display;
+  if (concept.definition !== void 0) out.definition = concept.definition;
+  if (concept.status !== void 0) out.status = concept.status;
+  if (cs.url !== void 0) out.system = cs.url;
+  if (cs.version !== void 0) out.version = cs.version;
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+function validateCode(cs, code) {
+  const concept = cs.concepts.get(code);
+  if (concept === void 0) {
+    return Object.freeze({ valid: false, code: "TERM_CODE_UNKNOWN" });
+  }
+  const out = { valid: true };
+  if (concept.status !== void 0) out.status = concept.status;
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+
+// src/valueset/load.ts
+var TOO_COSTLY_EXTENSION = "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/valueset-toocostly";
+function malformed2(path, fault) {
+  throw new TerminologyError(FATAL_CODES.TERM_VALUESET_MALFORMED, `ValueSet ${path}: ${fault}`);
+}
+function assignString2(out, src, key) {
+  const v = getString(src, key);
+  if (v !== void 0) out[key] = v;
+}
+function loadFilter(raw, path) {
+  if (!isJsonObject(raw)) malformed2(path, "filter is not an object");
+  const property = getString(raw, "property");
+  const op = getString(raw, "op");
+  const value = getString(raw, "value");
+  if (property === void 0 || op === void 0 || value === void 0) {
+    malformed2(path, "filter is missing a required 'property', 'op', or 'value'");
+  }
+  return Object.freeze({ property, op, value });
+}
+function loadConcept(raw, path) {
+  if (!isJsonObject(raw)) malformed2(path, "concept is not an object");
+  const code = getString(raw, "code");
+  if (code === void 0) malformed2(path, "concept is missing its required 'code'");
+  const out = { code };
+  assignString2(out, raw, "display");
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+function loadComponent(raw, path) {
+  if (!isJsonObject(raw)) malformed2(path, "component is not an object");
+  const out = {};
+  assignString2(out, raw, "system");
+  assignString2(out, raw, "version");
+  const rawConcepts = getArray(raw, "concept");
+  if (rawConcepts !== void 0) {
+    out.concept = Object.freeze(
+      rawConcepts.map((c, i) => loadConcept(c, `${path}.concept[${String(i)}]`))
+    );
+  }
+  const rawFilters = getArray(raw, "filter");
+  if (rawFilters !== void 0) {
+    out.filter = Object.freeze(
+      rawFilters.map((f, i) => loadFilter(f, `${path}.filter[${String(i)}]`))
+    );
+  }
+  const rawValueSets = getArray(raw, "valueSet");
+  if (rawValueSets !== void 0) {
+    const urls = [];
+    for (const [i, vsRef] of rawValueSets.entries()) {
+      if (typeof vsRef !== "string") {
+        malformed2(
+          `${path}.valueSet[${String(i)}]`,
+          "value set reference is not a canonical URL string"
+        );
+      }
+      urls.push(vsRef);
+    }
+    out.valueSet = Object.freeze(urls);
+  }
+  const hasSystem = out.system !== void 0;
+  const hasValueSet = out.valueSet !== void 0;
+  if ((out.concept !== void 0 || out.filter !== void 0) && !hasSystem) {
+    malformed2(path, "a component with 'concept' or 'filter' must name a 'system'");
+  }
+  if (!hasSystem && !hasValueSet) {
+    malformed2(path, "a component must have a 'system' or a 'valueSet'");
+  }
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+function loadCompose(raw, path) {
+  if (!isJsonObject(raw)) malformed2(path, "compose is not an object");
+  const include = Object.freeze(
+    (getArray(raw, "include") ?? []).map(
+      (c, i) => loadComponent(c, `${path}.include[${String(i)}]`)
+    )
+  );
+  const exclude = Object.freeze(
+    (getArray(raw, "exclude") ?? []).map(
+      (c, i) => loadComponent(c, `${path}.exclude[${String(i)}]`)
+    )
+  );
+  return Object.freeze({ include, exclude });
+}
+function loadContains(raw, path) {
+  if (!isJsonObject(raw)) malformed2(path, "contains entry is not an object");
+  const code = getString(raw, "code");
+  if (code === void 0) malformed2(path, "contains entry is missing its required 'code'");
+  const out = { code };
+  assignString2(out, raw, "system");
+  assignString2(out, raw, "display");
+  assignString2(out, raw, "version");
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+function isTooCostly(raw) {
+  for (const ext of getArray(raw, "extension") ?? []) {
+    if (getString(ext, "url") === TOO_COSTLY_EXTENSION && getBoolean(ext, "valueBoolean") === true) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+function loadExpansion(raw, path) {
+  if (!isJsonObject(raw)) malformed2(path, "expansion is not an object");
+  const contains = Object.freeze(
+    (getArray(raw, "contains") ?? []).map(
+      (c, i) => loadContains(c, `${path}.contains[${String(i)}]`)
+    )
+  );
+  const total = getNumber(raw, "total");
+  const truncated2 = total !== void 0 && total > contains.length || isTooCostly(raw);
+  const out = { contains, truncated: truncated2 };
+  if (total !== void 0) out.total = total;
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+function loadValueSet(json) {
+  if (!isJsonObject(json)) malformed2("", "resource is not a JSON object");
+  if (getString(json, "resourceType") !== "ValueSet") {
+    malformed2("", "resource is not a ValueSet (wrong or missing resourceType)");
+  }
+  const out = {};
+  assignString2(out, json, "url");
+  assignString2(out, json, "version");
+  assignString2(out, json, "name");
+  if (json["compose"] !== void 0) out.compose = loadCompose(json["compose"], "compose");
+  if (json["expansion"] !== void 0)
+    out.expansion = loadExpansion(json["expansion"], "expansion");
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+
+// src/valueset/filters.ts
+var SUPPORTED_OPS = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([
+  "=",
+  "is-a",
+  "descendent-of",
+  "is-not-a",
+  "in",
+  "not-in",
+  "exists"
+]);
+function unsupportedOps(filters) {
+  return filters.filter((f) => !SUPPORTED_OPS.has(f.op));
+}
+function directParents(concept) {
+  const parents = [];
+  for (const p of concept.properties) {
+    if (p.code === "parent" && typeof p.value === "string") parents.push(p.value);
+  }
+  return parents;
+}
+function buildSubsumption(cs) {
+  const parentsOf = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  for (const concept of cs.concepts.values()) {
+    const parents = directParents(concept);
+    if (parents.length > 0) parentsOf.set(concept.code, parents);
+  }
+  const cache = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  const ancestorsOf = (code) => {
+    const cached2 = cache.get(code);
+    if (cached2 !== void 0) return cached2;
+    const acc = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+    const stack = [...parentsOf.get(code) ?? []];
+    while (stack.length > 0) {
+      const next = stack.pop();
+      if (next === void 0 || acc.has(next) || next === code) continue;
+      acc.add(next);
+      for (const p of parentsOf.get(next) ?? []) stack.push(p);
+    }
+    cache.set(code, acc);
+    return acc;
+  };
+  return { ancestorsOf };
+}
+function isA(sub, code, anchor) {
+  return code === anchor || sub.ancestorsOf(code).has(anchor);
+}
+function valueSet(value) {
+  return new Set(
+    value.split(",").map((v) => v.trim()).filter((v) => v.length > 0)
+  );
+}
+function propertyValue(concept, property) {
+  for (const p of concept.properties) {
+    if (p.code === property) return typeof p.value === "string" ? p.value : String(p.value);
+  }
+  return void 0;
+}
+var UNSUPPORTED = Object.freeze({ matched: false, supported: false });
+function matchesFilter(concept, filter, sub) {
+  const onCode = filter.property === "concept";
+  switch (filter.op) {
+    case "is-a":
+      return { matched: isA(sub, concept.code, filter.value), supported: true };
+    case "descendent-of":
+      return {
+        matched: concept.code !== filter.value && sub.ancestorsOf(concept.code).has(filter.value),
+        supported: true
+      };
+    case "is-not-a":
+      return { matched: !isA(sub, concept.code, filter.value), supported: true };
+    case "=": {
+      const actual = onCode ? concept.code : propertyValue(concept, filter.property);
+      return { matched: actual === filter.value, supported: true };
+    }
+    case "in": {
+      const set = valueSet(filter.value);
+      const actual = onCode ? concept.code : propertyValue(concept, filter.property);
+      return { matched: actual !== void 0 && set.has(actual), supported: true };
+    }
+    case "not-in": {
+      const set = valueSet(filter.value);
+      const actual = onCode ? concept.code : propertyValue(concept, filter.property);
+      return { matched: actual === void 0 || !set.has(actual), supported: true };
+    }
+    case "exists": {
+      const present = onCode ? true : propertyValue(concept, filter.property) !== void 0;
+      const wantPresent = filter.value.trim().toLowerCase() === "true";
+      return { matched: present === wantPresent, supported: true };
+    }
+    case "regex":
+    case "generalizes":
+    default:
+      return UNSUPPORTED;
+  }
+}
+function matchesAllFilters(concept, filters, sub) {
+  let matched = true;
+  for (const f of filters) {
+    const r = matchesFilter(concept, f, sub);
+    if (!r.supported) return UNSUPPORTED;
+    if (!r.matched) matched = false;
+  }
+  return { matched, supported: true };
+}
+
+// src/valueset/expand.ts
+function codingKey(system, code) {
+  return `${system ?? ""}${code}`;
+}
+function makeCoding(system, code, display, version) {
+  const init = { code };
+  if (system !== void 0) init.system = system;
+  if (version !== void 0) init.version = version;
+  if (display !== void 0) init.display = display;
+  return coding(init);
+}
+function cannotExpand(detail, system) {
+  const d = { code: "TERM_VALUESET_CANNOT_EXPAND", detail };
+  if (system !== void 0) d.system = system;
+  return Object.freeze(d);
+}
+function truncated(detail, system) {
+  const d = { code: "TERM_VALUESET_EXPANSION_TRUNCATED", detail };
+  if (system !== void 0) d.system = system;
+  return Object.freeze(d);
+}
+function intersectInto(into, other) {
+  for (const k of into.keys()) if (!other.has(k)) into.delete(k);
+  return into;
+}
+function expandReferencedValueSets(urls, ctx, visited) {
+  const diagnostics = [];
+  let complete = true;
+  let acc = null;
+  for (const url of urls) {
+    if (visited.has(url)) {
+      diagnostics.push(cannotExpand("cyclic value set reference", url));
+      complete = false;
+      acc = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+      continue;
+    }
+    const vs = ctx.valueSets?.get(url);
+    if (vs === void 0) {
+      diagnostics.push(cannotExpand("referenced value set not supplied", url));
+      complete = false;
+      acc = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+      continue;
+    }
+    const exp = expandInternal(vs, ctx, /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([...visited, url]));
+    if (!exp.complete) complete = false;
+    for (const d of exp.diagnostics) diagnostics.push(d);
+    const members = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+    for (const c of exp.contains) members.set(codingKey(c.system, c.code), c);
+    acc = acc === null ? members : intersectInto(acc, members);
+  }
+  return { members: acc ?? /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(), complete, diagnostics };
+}
+function expandComponent(component, ctx, visited) {
+  const diagnostics = [];
+  let complete = true;
+  const { system, version, concept, filter, valueSet: valueSet2 } = component;
+  const hasConcept = concept !== void 0;
+  const hasFilter = filter !== void 0 && filter.length > 0;
+  const hasVs = valueSet2 !== void 0 && valueSet2.length > 0;
+  let base = null;
+  if (hasConcept) {
+    base = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+    for (const c of concept) {
+      base.set(codingKey(system, c.code), makeCoding(system, c.code, c.display, version));
+    }
+  } else if (hasFilter || system !== void 0 && !hasVs) {
+    if (system === void 0) {
+      diagnostics.push(cannotExpand("intensional filter without a code system 'system'"));
+      return { members: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(), complete: false, diagnostics };
+    }
+    const cs = ctx.codeSystems?.get(system);
+    if (cs === void 0) {
+      diagnostics.push(cannotExpand("code system not supplied for intensional include", system));
+      return { members: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(), complete: false, diagnostics };
+    }
+    if (hasFilter) {
+      const unsupported = unsupportedOps(filter);
+      if (unsupported.length > 0) {
+        diagnostics.push(cannotExpand("unsupported filter operator", system));
+        return { members: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(), complete: false, diagnostics };
+      }
+      const sub = buildSubsumption(cs);
+      base = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+      for (const concpt of cs.concepts.values()) {
+        if (matchesAllFilters(concpt, filter, sub).matched) {
+          base.set(
+            codingKey(system, concpt.code),
+            makeCoding(system, concpt.code, concpt.display, version)
+          );
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      base = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+      for (const concpt of cs.concepts.values()) {
+        base.set(
+          codingKey(system, concpt.code),
+          makeCoding(system, concpt.code, concpt.display, version)
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (hasVs) {
+    const refs = expandReferencedValueSets(valueSet2, ctx, visited);
+    for (const d of refs.diagnostics) diagnostics.push(d);
+    if (!refs.complete) complete = false;
+    base = base === null ? refs.members : intersectInto(base, refs.members);
+    if (system !== void 0) {
+      for (const [k, c] of [...base]) if (c.system !== system) base.delete(k);
+    }
+  }
+  return { members: base ?? /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(), complete, diagnostics };
+}
+function expandInternal(vs, ctx, visited) {
+  if (vs.expansion !== void 0) {
+    const seen = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+    const contains = [];
+    for (const c of vs.expansion.contains) {
+      const key = codingKey(c.system, c.code);
+      if (seen.has(key)) continue;
+      seen.add(key);
+      contains.push(makeCoding(c.system, c.code, c.display, c.version));
+    }
+    const diagnostics = [];
+    let complete = true;
+    if (vs.expansion.truncated) {
+      complete = false;
+      diagnostics.push(
+        truncated("pre-computed expansion is incomplete (truncated or too-costly)", vs.url)
+      );
+    }
+    const out = {
+      complete,
+      contains: Object.freeze(contains),
+      diagnostics: Object.freeze(diagnostics)
+    };
+    if (vs.expansion.total !== void 0) out.total = vs.expansion.total;
+    return Object.freeze(out);
+  }
+  if (vs.compose !== void 0) {
+    const included = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+    const diagnostics = [];
+    let complete = true;
+    for (const inc of vs.compose.include) {
+      const r = expandComponent(inc, ctx, visited);
+      if (!r.complete) complete = false;
+      for (const d of r.diagnostics) diagnostics.push(d);
+      for (const [k, c] of r.members) if (!included.has(k)) included.set(k, c);
+    }
+    for (const exc of vs.compose.exclude) {
+      const r = expandComponent(exc, ctx, visited);
+      for (const d of r.diagnostics) diagnostics.push(d);
+      for (const k of r.members.keys()) included.delete(k);
+      if (!r.complete) {
+        complete = false;
+        for (const [k, c] of [...included]) {
+          if (exc.system === void 0 || c.system === exc.system) included.delete(k);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return Object.freeze({
+      complete,
+      contains: Object.freeze([...included.values()]),
+      diagnostics: Object.freeze(diagnostics)
+    });
+  }
+  return Object.freeze({
+    complete: true,
+    contains: Object.freeze([]),
+    diagnostics: Object.freeze([])
+  });
+}
+function expand(vs, ctx = {}) {
+  return expandInternal(vs, ctx, new Set(vs.url !== void 0 ? [vs.url] : []));
+}
+
+// src/valueset/validate.ts
+function cannotExpand2(detail, system) {
+  const d = { code: "TERM_VALUESET_CANNOT_EXPAND", detail };
+  if (system !== void 0) d.system = system;
+  return Object.freeze(d);
+}
+function matchComponent(target, component, ctx, visited) {
+  const diagnostics = [];
+  const { system, concept, filter, valueSet: valueSet2 } = component;
+  const hasConcept = concept !== void 0;
+  const hasFilter = filter !== void 0 && filter.length > 0;
+  const hasVs = valueSet2 !== void 0 && valueSet2.length > 0;
+  let baseMatched = null;
+  let baseComplete = true;
+  if (system !== void 0 && target.system !== void 0 && system !== target.system) {
+    baseMatched = false;
+  } else if (hasConcept) {
+    baseMatched = concept.some((c) => c.code === target.code);
+  } else if (hasFilter || system !== void 0 && !hasVs) {
+    if (system === void 0) {
+      diagnostics.push(cannotExpand2("intensional filter without a code system 'system'"));
+      baseMatched = false;
+      baseComplete = false;
+    } else {
+      const cs = ctx.codeSystems?.get(system);
+      if (cs === void 0) {
+        diagnostics.push(cannotExpand2("code system not supplied for intensional include", system));
+        baseMatched = false;
+        baseComplete = false;
+      } else if (hasFilter) {
+        if (unsupportedOps(filter).length > 0) {
+          diagnostics.push(cannotExpand2("unsupported filter operator", system));
+          baseMatched = false;
+          baseComplete = false;
+        } else {
+          const concpt = cs.concepts.get(target.code);
+          baseMatched = concpt !== void 0 && matchesAllFilters(concpt, filter, buildSubsumption(cs)).matched;
+        }
+      } else {
+        baseMatched = cs.concepts.get(target.code) !== void 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  let refDefiniteFalse = false;
+  let refUndetermined = false;
+  if (hasVs) {
+    for (const url of valueSet2) {
+      if (visited.has(url)) {
+        diagnostics.push(cannotExpand2("cyclic value set reference", url));
+        refUndetermined = true;
+        continue;
+      }
+      const vs = ctx.valueSets?.get(url);
+      if (vs === void 0) {
+        diagnostics.push(cannotExpand2("referenced value set not supplied", url));
+        refUndetermined = true;
+        continue;
+      }
+      const m = validateInternal(target, vs, ctx, /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([...visited, url]));
+      if (m.undetermined) {
+        for (const d of m.diagnostics) diagnostics.push(d);
+        refUndetermined = true;
+      } else if (!m.result) {
+        refDefiniteFalse = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  const baseDefiniteFalse = baseMatched === false && baseComplete;
+  const baseDefiniteTrue = baseMatched === null || baseMatched === true && baseComplete;
+  const refDefiniteTrue = !hasVs || !refDefiniteFalse && !refUndetermined;
+  if (baseDefiniteFalse || refDefiniteFalse) {
+    return { matched: false, complete: true, diagnostics };
+  }
+  if (baseDefiniteTrue && refDefiniteTrue) {
+    return { matched: true, complete: true, diagnostics };
+  }
+  return { matched: false, complete: false, diagnostics };
+}
+function decided(result, coding2) {
+  return Object.freeze({ undetermined: false, result, coding: coding2 });
+}
+function undetermined(coding2, diagnostics) {
+  return Object.freeze({
+    undetermined: true,
+    code: "TERM_VALUESET_CANNOT_EXPAND",
+    coding: coding2,
+    diagnostics: Object.freeze([...diagnostics])
+  });
+}
+function validateInternal(target, vs, ctx, visited) {
+  if (vs.expansion !== void 0) {
+    const found = vs.expansion.contains.some(
+      (c) => c.code === target.code && (c.system === void 0 || target.system === void 0 || c.system === target.system)
+    );
+    if (found) return decided(true, target);
+    if (vs.expansion.truncated) {
+      return undetermined(target, [
+        cannotExpand2("pre-computed expansion is incomplete (truncated or too-costly)", vs.url)
+      ]);
+    }
+    return decided(false, target);
+  }
+  if (vs.compose !== void 0) {
+    const diagnostics = [];
+    let includedDefinite = false;
+    let anyIncludeUndetermined = false;
+    for (const inc of vs.compose.include) {
+      const m = matchComponent(target, inc, ctx, visited);
+      for (const d of m.diagnostics) diagnostics.push(d);
+      if (m.complete && m.matched) includedDefinite = true;
+      if (!m.complete) anyIncludeUndetermined = true;
+    }
+    let excludedDefinite = false;
+    let anyExcludeUndetermined = false;
+    for (const exc of vs.compose.exclude) {
+      const m = matchComponent(target, exc, ctx, visited);
+      for (const d of m.diagnostics) diagnostics.push(d);
+      if (m.complete && m.matched) excludedDefinite = true;
+      if (!m.complete) anyExcludeUndetermined = true;
+    }
+    if (excludedDefinite) return decided(false, target);
+    if (includedDefinite && !anyExcludeUndetermined) return decided(true, target);
+    if (!includedDefinite && !anyIncludeUndetermined && !anyExcludeUndetermined) {
+      return decided(false, target);
+    }
+    return undetermined(target, diagnostics);
+  }
+  return decided(false, target);
+}
+function validateCodeInValueSet(coding2, valueSet2, ctx = {}) {
+  return validateInternal(
+    coding2,
+    valueSet2,
+    ctx,
+    new Set(valueSet2.url !== void 0 ? [valueSet2.url] : [])
+  );
+}
+
+// src/ucum/essence-data.generated.ts
+var UCUM_ESSENCE_XML = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ascii"?>
+<root xmlns="http://unitsofmeasure.org/ucum-essence" version="2.2" revision="N/A"
+      revision-date="2024-06-17">
+   <prefix Code="Y" CODE="YA">
+      <name>yotta</name>
+      <printSymbol>Y</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e24">1 &#215; 10<sup>24</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="Z" CODE="ZA">
+      <name>zetta</name>
+      <printSymbol>Z</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e21">1 &#215; 10<sup>21</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="E" CODE="EX">
+      <name>exa</name>
+      <printSymbol>E</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e18">1 &#215; 10<sup>18</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="P" CODE="PT">
+      <name>peta</name>
+      <printSymbol>P</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e15">1 &#215; 10<sup>15</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="T" CODE="TR">
+      <name>tera</name>
+      <printSymbol>T</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e12">1 &#215; 10<sup>12</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="G" CODE="GA">
+      <name>giga</name>
+      <printSymbol>G</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e9">1 &#215; 10<sup>9</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="M" CODE="MA">
+      <name>mega</name>
+      <printSymbol>M</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e6">1 &#215; 10<sup>6</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="k" CODE="K">
+      <name>kilo</name>
+      <printSymbol>k</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e3">1 &#215; 10<sup>3</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="h" CODE="H">
+      <name>hecto</name>
+      <printSymbol>h</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e2">1 &#215; 10<sup>2</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="da" CODE="DA">
+      <name>deka</name>
+      <printSymbol>da</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e1">1 &#215; 10<sup>1</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="d" CODE="D">
+      <name>deci</name>
+      <printSymbol>d</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e-1">1 &#215; 10<sup>-1</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="c" CODE="C">
+      <name>centi</name>
+      <printSymbol>c</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e-2">1 &#215; 10<sup>-2</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="m" CODE="M">
+      <name>milli</name>
+      <printSymbol>m</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e-3">1 &#215; 10<sup>-3</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="u" CODE="U">
+      <name>micro</name>
+      <printSymbol>&#956;</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e-6">1 &#215; 10<sup>-6</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="n" CODE="N">
+      <name>nano</name>
+      <printSymbol>n</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e-9">1 &#215; 10<sup>-9</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="p" CODE="P">
+      <name>pico</name>
+      <printSymbol>p</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e-12">1 &#215; 10<sup>-12</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="f" CODE="F">
+      <name>femto</name>
+      <printSymbol>f</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e-15">1 &#215; 10<sup>-15</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="a" CODE="A">
+      <name>atto</name>
+      <printSymbol>a</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e-18">1 &#215; 10<sup>-18</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="z" CODE="ZO">
+      <name>zepto</name>
+      <printSymbol>z</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e-21">1 &#215; 10<sup>-21</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="y" CODE="YO">
+      <name>yocto</name>
+      <printSymbol>y</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1e-24">1 &#215; 10<sup>-24</sup>
+      </value>
+   </prefix>
+   <base-unit Code="m" CODE="M" dim="L">
+      <name>meter</name>
+      <printSymbol>m</printSymbol>
+      <property>length</property>
+   </base-unit>
+   <base-unit Code="s" CODE="S" dim="T">
+      <name>second</name>
+      <printSymbol>s</printSymbol>
+      <property>time</property>
+   </base-unit>
+   <base-unit Code="g" CODE="G" dim="M">
+      <name>gram</name>
+      <printSymbol>g</printSymbol>
+      <property>mass</property>
+   </base-unit>
+   <base-unit Code="rad" CODE="RAD" dim="A">
+      <name>radian</name>
+      <printSymbol>rad</printSymbol>
+      <property>plane angle</property>
+   </base-unit>
+   <base-unit Code="K" CODE="K" dim="C">
+      <name>kelvin</name>
+      <printSymbol>K</printSymbol>
+      <property>temperature</property>
+   </base-unit>
+   <base-unit Code="C" CODE="C" dim="Q">
+      <name>coulomb</name>
+      <printSymbol>C</printSymbol>
+      <property>electric charge</property>
+   </base-unit>
+   <base-unit Code="cd" CODE="CD" dim="F">
+      <name>candela</name>
+      <printSymbol>cd</printSymbol>
+      <property>luminous intensity</property>
+   </base-unit>
+   <unit Code="10*" CODE="10*" isMetric="no" class="dimless">
+      <name>the number ten for arbitrary powers</name>
+      <printSymbol>10</printSymbol>
+      <property>number</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="10">10</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="10^" CODE="10^" isMetric="no" class="dimless">
+      <name>the number ten for arbitrary powers</name>
+      <printSymbol>10</printSymbol>
+      <property>number</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="10">10</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[pi]" CODE="[PI]" isMetric="no" class="dimless">
+      <name>the number pi</name>
+      <printSymbol>&#960;</printSymbol>
+      <property>number</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1"
+             value="3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923">&#960;</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="%" CODE="%" isMetric="no" class="dimless">
+      <name>percent</name>
+      <printSymbol>%</printSymbol>
+      <property>fraction</property>
+      <value Unit="10*-2" UNIT="10*-2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[ppth]" CODE="[PPTH]" isMetric="no" class="dimless">
+      <name>parts per thousand</name>
+      <printSymbol>ppth</printSymbol>
+      <property>fraction</property>
+      <value Unit="10*-3" UNIT="10*-3" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[ppm]" CODE="[PPM]" isMetric="no" class="dimless">
+      <name>parts per million</name>
+      <printSymbol>ppm</printSymbol>
+      <property>fraction</property>
+      <value Unit="10*-6" UNIT="10*-6" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[ppb]" CODE="[PPB]" isMetric="no" class="dimless">
+      <name>parts per billion</name>
+      <printSymbol>ppb</printSymbol>
+      <property>fraction</property>
+      <value Unit="10*-9" UNIT="10*-9" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[pptr]" CODE="[PPTR]" isMetric="no" class="dimless">
+      <name>parts per trillion</name>
+      <printSymbol>pptr</printSymbol>
+      <property>fraction</property>
+      <value Unit="10*-12" UNIT="10*-12" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="mol" CODE="MOL" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>mole</name>
+      <printSymbol>mol</printSymbol>
+      <property>amount of substance</property>
+      <value Unit="10*23" UNIT="10*23" value="6.02214076">6.02214076</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="sr" CODE="SR" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>steradian</name>
+      <printSymbol>sr</printSymbol>
+      <property>solid angle</property>
+      <value Unit="rad2" UNIT="RAD2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Hz" CODE="HZ" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>hertz</name>
+      <printSymbol>Hz</printSymbol>
+      <property>frequency</property>
+      <value Unit="s-1" UNIT="S-1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="N" CODE="N" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>newton</name>
+      <printSymbol>N</printSymbol>
+      <property>force</property>
+      <value Unit="kg.m/s2" UNIT="KG.M/S2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Pa" CODE="PAL" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>pascal</name>
+      <printSymbol>Pa</printSymbol>
+      <property>pressure</property>
+      <value Unit="N/m2" UNIT="N/M2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="J" CODE="J" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>joule</name>
+      <printSymbol>J</printSymbol>
+      <property>energy</property>
+      <value Unit="N.m" UNIT="N.M" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="W" CODE="W" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>watt</name>
+      <printSymbol>W</printSymbol>
+      <property>power</property>
+      <value Unit="J/s" UNIT="J/S" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="A" CODE="A" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>amp&#232;re</name>
+      <printSymbol>A</printSymbol>
+      <property>electric current</property>
+      <value Unit="C/s" UNIT="C/S" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="V" CODE="V" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>volt</name>
+      <printSymbol>V</printSymbol>
+      <property>electric potential</property>
+      <value Unit="J/C" UNIT="J/C" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="F" CODE="F" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>farad</name>
+      <printSymbol>F</printSymbol>
+      <property>electric capacitance</property>
+      <value Unit="C/V" UNIT="C/V" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Ohm" CODE="OHM" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>ohm</name>
+      <printSymbol>&#937;</printSymbol>
+      <property>electric resistance</property>
+      <value Unit="V/A" UNIT="V/A" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="S" CODE="SIE" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>siemens</name>
+      <printSymbol>S</printSymbol>
+      <property>electric conductance</property>
+      <value Unit="Ohm-1" UNIT="OHM-1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Wb" CODE="WB" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>weber</name>
+      <printSymbol>Wb</printSymbol>
+      <property>magnetic flux</property>
+      <value Unit="V.s" UNIT="V.S" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Cel" CODE="CEL" isMetric="yes" isSpecial="yes" class="si">
+      <name>degree Celsius</name>
+      <printSymbol>&#176;C</printSymbol>
+      <property>temperature</property>
+      <value Unit="cel(1 K)" UNIT="CEL(1 K)">
+         <function name="Cel" value="1" Unit="K"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="T" CODE="T" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>tesla</name>
+      <printSymbol>T</printSymbol>
+      <property>magnetic flux density</property>
+      <value Unit="Wb/m2" UNIT="WB/M2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="H" CODE="H" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>henry</name>
+      <printSymbol>H</printSymbol>
+      <property>inductance</property>
+      <value Unit="Wb/A" UNIT="WB/A" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="lm" CODE="LM" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>lumen</name>
+      <printSymbol>lm</printSymbol>
+      <property>luminous flux</property>
+      <value Unit="cd.sr" UNIT="CD.SR" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="lx" CODE="LX" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>lux</name>
+      <printSymbol>lx</printSymbol>
+      <property>illuminance</property>
+      <value Unit="lm/m2" UNIT="LM/M2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Bq" CODE="BQ" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>becquerel</name>
+      <printSymbol>Bq</printSymbol>
+      <property>radioactivity</property>
+      <value Unit="s-1" UNIT="S-1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Gy" CODE="GY" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>gray</name>
+      <printSymbol>Gy</printSymbol>
+      <property>energy dose</property>
+      <value Unit="J/kg" UNIT="J/KG" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Sv" CODE="SV" isMetric="yes" class="si">
+      <name>sievert</name>
+      <printSymbol>Sv</printSymbol>
+      <property>dose equivalent</property>
+      <value Unit="J/kg" UNIT="J/KG" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="gon" CODE="GON" isMetric="no" class="iso1000">
+      <name>gon</name>
+      <name>grade</name>
+      <printSymbol>
+         <sup>g</sup>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>plane angle</property>
+      <value Unit="deg" UNIT="DEG" value="0.9">0.9</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="deg" CODE="DEG" isMetric="no" class="iso1000">
+      <name>degree</name>
+      <printSymbol>&#176;</printSymbol>
+      <property>plane angle</property>
+      <value Unit="[pi].rad/360" UNIT="[PI].RAD/360" value="2">2</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="'" CODE="'" isMetric="no" class="iso1000">
+      <name>minute</name>
+      <printSymbol>'</printSymbol>
+      <property>plane angle</property>
+      <value Unit="deg/60" UNIT="DEG/60" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="''" CODE="''" isMetric="no" class="iso1000">
+      <name>second</name>
+      <printSymbol>''</printSymbol>
+      <property>plane angle</property>
+      <value Unit="'/60" UNIT="'/60" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="l" CODE="L" isMetric="yes" class="iso1000">
+      <name>liter</name>
+      <printSymbol>l</printSymbol>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="dm3" UNIT="DM3" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="L" CODE="L" isMetric="yes" class="iso1000">
+      <name>liter</name>
+      <printSymbol>L</printSymbol>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="l" UNIT="L" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="ar" CODE="AR" isMetric="yes" class="iso1000">
+      <name>are</name>
+      <printSymbol>a</printSymbol>
+      <property>area</property>
+      <value Unit="m2" UNIT="M2" value="100">100</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="min" CODE="MIN" isMetric="no" class="iso1000">
+      <name>minute</name>
+      <printSymbol>min</printSymbol>
+      <property>time</property>
+      <value Unit="s" UNIT="S" value="60">60</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="h" CODE="HR" isMetric="no" class="iso1000">
+      <name>hour</name>
+      <printSymbol>h</printSymbol>
+      <property>time</property>
+      <value Unit="min" UNIT="MIN" value="60">60</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="d" CODE="D" isMetric="no" class="iso1000">
+      <name>day</name>
+      <printSymbol>d</printSymbol>
+      <property>time</property>
+      <value Unit="h" UNIT="HR" value="24">24</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="a_t" CODE="ANN_T" isMetric="no" class="iso1000">
+      <name>tropical year</name>
+      <printSymbol>a<sub>t</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>time</property>
+      <value Unit="d" UNIT="D" value="365.24219">365.24219</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="a_j" CODE="ANN_J" isMetric="no" class="iso1000">
+      <name>mean Julian year</name>
+      <printSymbol>a<sub>j</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>time</property>
+      <value Unit="d" UNIT="D" value="365.25">365.25</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="a_g" CODE="ANN_G" isMetric="no" class="iso1000">
+      <name>mean Gregorian year</name>
+      <printSymbol>a<sub>g</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>time</property>
+      <value Unit="d" UNIT="D" value="365.2425">365.2425</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="a" CODE="ANN" isMetric="no" class="iso1000">
+      <name>year</name>
+      <printSymbol>a</printSymbol>
+      <property>time</property>
+      <value Unit="a_j" UNIT="ANN_J" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="wk" CODE="WK" isMetric="no" class="iso1000">
+      <name>week</name>
+      <printSymbol>wk</printSymbol>
+      <property>time</property>
+      <value Unit="d" UNIT="D" value="7">7</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="mo_s" CODE="MO_S" isMetric="no" class="iso1000">
+      <name>synodal month</name>
+      <printSymbol>mo<sub>s</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>time</property>
+      <value Unit="d" UNIT="D" value="29.53059">29.53059</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="mo_j" CODE="MO_J" isMetric="no" class="iso1000">
+      <name>mean Julian month</name>
+      <printSymbol>mo<sub>j</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>time</property>
+      <value Unit="a_j/12" UNIT="ANN_J/12" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="mo_g" CODE="MO_G" isMetric="no" class="iso1000">
+      <name>mean Gregorian month</name>
+      <printSymbol>mo<sub>g</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>time</property>
+      <value Unit="a_g/12" UNIT="ANN_G/12" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="mo" CODE="MO" isMetric="no" class="iso1000">
+      <name>month</name>
+      <printSymbol>mo</printSymbol>
+      <property>time</property>
+      <value Unit="mo_j" UNIT="MO_J" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="t" CODE="TNE" isMetric="yes" class="iso1000">
+      <name>tonne</name>
+      <printSymbol>t</printSymbol>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="kg" UNIT="KG" value="1e3">1 &#215; 10<sup>3</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="bar" CODE="BAR" isMetric="yes" class="iso1000">
+      <name>bar</name>
+      <printSymbol>bar</printSymbol>
+      <property>pressure</property>
+      <value Unit="Pa" UNIT="PAL" value="1e5">1 &#215; 10<sup>5</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="u" CODE="AMU" isMetric="yes" class="iso1000">
+      <name>unified atomic mass unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>u</printSymbol>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="g" UNIT="G" value="1.66053906660e-24">1.66053906660 &#215; 10<sup>-24</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="eV" CODE="EV" isMetric="yes" class="iso1000">
+      <name>electronvolt</name>
+      <printSymbol>eV</printSymbol>
+      <property>energy</property>
+      <value Unit="[e].V" UNIT="[E].V" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="AU" CODE="ASU" isMetric="no" class="iso1000">
+      <name>astronomic unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>AU</printSymbol>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="Mm" UNIT="MAM" value="149597.870691">149597.870691</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="pc" CODE="PRS" isMetric="yes" class="iso1000">
+      <name>parsec</name>
+      <printSymbol>pc</printSymbol>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="m" UNIT="M" value="3.085678e16">3.085678 &#215; 10<sup>16</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[c]" CODE="[C]" isMetric="yes" class="const">
+      <name>velocity of light</name>
+      <printSymbol>
+         <i>c</i>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>velocity</property>
+      <value Unit="m/s" UNIT="M/S" value="299792458">299792458</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[h]" CODE="[H]" isMetric="yes" class="const">
+      <name>Planck constant</name>
+      <printSymbol>
+         <i>h</i>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>action</property>
+      <value Unit="J.s" UNIT="J.S" value="6.62607015e-34">6.62607015 &#215; 10<sup>-34</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[k]" CODE="[K]" isMetric="yes" class="const">
+      <name>Boltzmann constant</name>
+      <printSymbol>
+         <i>k</i>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>(unclassified)</property>
+      <value Unit="J/K" UNIT="J/K" value="1.380649e-23">1.380649 &#215; 10<sup>-23</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[eps_0]" CODE="[EPS_0]" isMetric="yes" class="const">
+      <name>permittivity of vacuum</name>
+      <printSymbol>
+         <i>&#949;<sub>
+               <r>0</r>
+            </sub>
+         </i>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>electric permittivity</property>
+      <value Unit="F/m" UNIT="F/M" value="8.854187817e-12">8.854187817 &#215; 10<sup>-12</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[mu_0]" CODE="[MU_0]" isMetric="yes" class="const">
+      <name>permeability of vacuum</name>
+      <printSymbol>
+         <i>&#956;<sub>
+               <r>0</r>
+            </sub>
+         </i>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>magnetic permeability</property>
+      <value Unit="4.[pi].10*-7.N/A2" UNIT="4.[PI].10*-7.N/A2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[e]" CODE="[E]" isMetric="yes" class="const">
+      <name>elementary charge</name>
+      <printSymbol>
+         <i>e</i>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>electric charge</property>
+      <value Unit="C" UNIT="C" value="1.602176634e-19">1.602176634 &#215; 10<sup>-19</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[m_e]" CODE="[M_E]" isMetric="yes" class="const">
+      <name>electron mass</name>
+      <printSymbol>
+         <i>m<sub>
+               <r>e</r>
+            </sub>
+         </i>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="kg" UNIT="kg" value="9.1093837139e-31">9.1093837139 &#215; 10<sup>-31</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[m_p]" CODE="[M_P]" isMetric="yes" class="const">
+      <name>proton mass</name>
+      <printSymbol>
+         <i>m<sub>
+               <r>p</r>
+            </sub>
+         </i>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="kg" UNIT="kg" value="1.67262192595e-27">1.67262192595 &#215; 10<sup>-27</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[G]" CODE="[GC]" isMetric="yes" class="const">
+      <name>Newtonian constant of gravitation</name>
+      <printSymbol>
+         <i>G</i>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>(unclassified)</property>
+      <value Unit="m3.kg-1.s-2" UNIT="M3.KG-1.S-2" value="6.67430e-11">6.67430 &#215; 10<sup>-11</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[g]" CODE="[G]" isMetric="yes" class="const">
+      <name>standard acceleration of free fall</name>
+      <printSymbol>
+         <i>g<sub>n</sub>
+         </i>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>acceleration</property>
+      <value Unit="m/s2" UNIT="M/S2" value="980665e-5">9.80665</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="atm" CODE="ATM" isMetric="no" class="const">
+      <name>standard atmosphere</name>
+      <printSymbol>atm</printSymbol>
+      <property>pressure</property>
+      <value Unit="Pa" UNIT="PAL" value="101325">101325</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[ly]" CODE="[LY]" isMetric="yes" class="const">
+      <name>light-year</name>
+      <printSymbol>l.y.</printSymbol>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[c].a_j" UNIT="[C].ANN_J" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="gf" CODE="GF" isMetric="yes" class="const">
+      <name>gram-force</name>
+      <printSymbol>gf</printSymbol>
+      <property>force</property>
+      <value Unit="g.[g]" UNIT="G.[G]" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[lbf_av]" CODE="[LBF_AV]" isMetric="no" class="const">
+      <name>pound force</name>
+      <printSymbol>lbf</printSymbol>
+      <property>force</property>
+      <value Unit="[lb_av].[g]" UNIT="[LB_AV].[G]" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Ky" CODE="KY" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>Kayser</name>
+      <printSymbol>K</printSymbol>
+      <property>lineic number</property>
+      <value Unit="cm-1" UNIT="CM-1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Gal" CODE="GL" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>Gal</name>
+      <printSymbol>Gal</printSymbol>
+      <property>acceleration</property>
+      <value Unit="cm/s2" UNIT="CM/S2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="dyn" CODE="DYN" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>dyne</name>
+      <printSymbol>dyn</printSymbol>
+      <property>force</property>
+      <value Unit="g.cm/s2" UNIT="G.CM/S2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="erg" CODE="ERG" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>erg</name>
+      <printSymbol>erg</printSymbol>
+      <property>energy</property>
+      <value Unit="dyn.cm" UNIT="DYN.CM" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="P" CODE="P" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>Poise</name>
+      <printSymbol>P</printSymbol>
+      <property>dynamic viscosity</property>
+      <value Unit="dyn.s/cm2" UNIT="DYN.S/CM2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Bi" CODE="BI" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>Biot</name>
+      <printSymbol>Bi</printSymbol>
+      <property>electric current</property>
+      <value Unit="A" UNIT="A" value="10">10</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="St" CODE="ST" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>Stokes</name>
+      <printSymbol>St</printSymbol>
+      <property>kinematic viscosity</property>
+      <value Unit="cm2/s" UNIT="CM2/S" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Mx" CODE="MX" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>Maxwell</name>
+      <printSymbol>Mx</printSymbol>
+      <property>flux of magnetic induction</property>
+      <value Unit="Wb" UNIT="WB" value="1e-8">1 &#215; 10<sup>-8</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="G" CODE="GS" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>Gauss</name>
+      <printSymbol>Gs</printSymbol>
+      <property>magnetic flux density</property>
+      <value Unit="T" UNIT="T" value="1e-4">1 &#215; 10<sup>-4</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Oe" CODE="OE" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>Oersted</name>
+      <printSymbol>Oe</printSymbol>
+      <property>magnetic field intensity</property>
+      <value Unit="/[pi].A/m" UNIT="/[PI].A/M" value="250">250</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Gb" CODE="GB" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>Gilbert</name>
+      <printSymbol>Gb</printSymbol>
+      <property>magnetic tension</property>
+      <value Unit="Oe.cm" UNIT="OE.CM" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="sb" CODE="SB" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>stilb</name>
+      <printSymbol>sb</printSymbol>
+      <property>lum. intensity density</property>
+      <value Unit="cd/cm2" UNIT="CD/CM2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Lmb" CODE="LMB" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>Lambert</name>
+      <printSymbol>L</printSymbol>
+      <property>brightness</property>
+      <value Unit="cd/cm2/[pi]" UNIT="CD/CM2/[PI]" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="ph" CODE="PHT" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>phot</name>
+      <printSymbol>ph</printSymbol>
+      <property>illuminance</property>
+      <value Unit="lx" UNIT="LX" value="1e-4">1 &#215; 10<sup>-4</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Ci" CODE="CI" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>Curie</name>
+      <printSymbol>Ci</printSymbol>
+      <property>radioactivity</property>
+      <value Unit="Bq" UNIT="BQ" value="37e9">3.7 &#215; 10<sup>10</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="R" CODE="ROE" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>Roentgen</name>
+      <printSymbol>R</printSymbol>
+      <property>ion dose</property>
+      <value Unit="C/kg" UNIT="C/KG" value="2.58e-4">2.58 &#215; 10<sup>-4</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="RAD" CODE="[RAD]" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>radiation absorbed dose</name>
+      <printSymbol>RAD</printSymbol>
+      <property>energy dose</property>
+      <value Unit="erg/g" UNIT="ERG/G" value="100">100</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="REM" CODE="[REM]" isMetric="yes" class="cgs">
+      <name>radiation equivalent man</name>
+      <printSymbol>REM</printSymbol>
+      <property>dose equivalent</property>
+      <value Unit="RAD" UNIT="[RAD]" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[in_i]" CODE="[IN_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>inch</name>
+      <printSymbol>in</printSymbol>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="cm" UNIT="CM" value="254e-2">2.54</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[ft_i]" CODE="[FT_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>foot</name>
+      <printSymbol>ft</printSymbol>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[in_i]" UNIT="[IN_I]" value="12">12</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[yd_i]" CODE="[YD_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>yard</name>
+      <printSymbol>yd</printSymbol>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_i]" UNIT="[FT_I]" value="3">3</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[mi_i]" CODE="[MI_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>mile</name>
+      <printSymbol>mi</printSymbol>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_i]" UNIT="[FT_I]" value="5280">5280</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[fth_i]" CODE="[FTH_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>fathom</name>
+      <printSymbol>fth</printSymbol>
+      <property>depth of water</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_i]" UNIT="[FT_I]" value="6">6</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[nmi_i]" CODE="[NMI_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>nautical mile</name>
+      <printSymbol>n.mi</printSymbol>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="m" UNIT="M" value="1852">1852</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[kn_i]" CODE="[KN_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>knot</name>
+      <printSymbol>knot</printSymbol>
+      <property>velocity</property>
+      <value Unit="[nmi_i]/h" UNIT="[NMI_I]/H" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[sin_i]" CODE="[SIN_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>square inch</name>
+      <property>area</property>
+      <value Unit="[in_i]2" UNIT="[IN_I]2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[sft_i]" CODE="[SFT_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>square foot</name>
+      <property>area</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_i]2" UNIT="[FT_I]2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[syd_i]" CODE="[SYD_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>square yard</name>
+      <property>area</property>
+      <value Unit="[yd_i]2" UNIT="[YD_I]2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[cin_i]" CODE="[CIN_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>cubic inch</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[in_i]3" UNIT="[IN_I]3" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[cft_i]" CODE="[CFT_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>cubic foot</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_i]3" UNIT="[FT_I]3" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[cyd_i]" CODE="[CYD_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>cubic yard</name>
+      <printSymbol>cu.yd</printSymbol>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[yd_i]3" UNIT="[YD_I]3" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[bf_i]" CODE="[BF_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>board foot</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[in_i]3" UNIT="[IN_I]3" value="144">144</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[cr_i]" CODE="[CR_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>cord</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_i]3" UNIT="[FT_I]3" value="128">128</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[mil_i]" CODE="[MIL_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>mil</name>
+      <printSymbol>mil</printSymbol>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[in_i]" UNIT="[IN_I]" value="1e-3">1 &#215; 10<sup>-3</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[cml_i]" CODE="[CML_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>circular mil</name>
+      <printSymbol>circ.mil</printSymbol>
+      <property>area</property>
+      <value Unit="[pi]/4.[mil_i]2" UNIT="[PI]/4.[MIL_I]2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[hd_i]" CODE="[HD_I]" isMetric="no" class="intcust">
+      <name>hand</name>
+      <printSymbol>hd</printSymbol>
+      <property>height of horses</property>
+      <value Unit="[in_i]" UNIT="[IN_I]" value="4">4</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[ft_us]" CODE="[FT_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-lengths">
+      <name>foot</name>
+      <printSymbol>ft<sub>us</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="m/3937" UNIT="M/3937" value="1200">1200</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[yd_us]" CODE="[YD_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-lengths">
+      <name>yard</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_us]" UNIT="[FT_US]" value="3">3</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[in_us]" CODE="[IN_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-lengths">
+      <name>inch</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_us]/12" UNIT="[FT_US]/12" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[rd_us]" CODE="[RD_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-lengths">
+      <name>rod</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_us]" UNIT="[FT_US]" value="16.5">16.5</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[ch_us]" CODE="[CH_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-lengths">
+      <name>Gunter's chain</name>
+      <name>Surveyor's chain</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[rd_us]" UNIT="[RD_US]" value="4">4</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[lk_us]" CODE="[LK_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-lengths">
+      <name>link for Gunter's chain</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[ch_us]/100" UNIT="[CH_US]/100" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[rch_us]" CODE="[RCH_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-lengths">
+      <name>Ramden's chain</name>
+      <name>Engineer's chain</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_us]" UNIT="[FT_US]" value="100">100</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[rlk_us]" CODE="[RLK_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-lengths">
+      <name>link for Ramden's chain</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[rch_us]/100" UNIT="[RCH_US]/100" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[fth_us]" CODE="[FTH_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-lengths">
+      <name>fathom</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_us]" UNIT="[FT_US]" value="6">6</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[fur_us]" CODE="[FUR_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-lengths">
+      <name>furlong</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[rd_us]" UNIT="[RD_US]" value="40">40</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[mi_us]" CODE="[MI_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-lengths">
+      <name>mile</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[fur_us]" UNIT="[FUR_US]" value="8">8</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[acr_us]" CODE="[ACR_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-lengths">
+      <name>acre</name>
+      <property>area</property>
+      <value Unit="[rd_us]2" UNIT="[RD_US]2" value="160">160</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[srd_us]" CODE="[SRD_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-lengths">
+      <name>square rod</name>
+      <property>area</property>
+      <value Unit="[rd_us]2" UNIT="[RD_US]2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[smi_us]" CODE="[SMI_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-lengths">
+      <name>square mile</name>
+      <property>area</property>
+      <value Unit="[mi_us]2" UNIT="[MI_US]2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[sct]" CODE="[SCT]" isMetric="no" class="us-lengths">
+      <name>section</name>
+      <property>area</property>
+      <value Unit="[mi_us]2" UNIT="[MI_US]2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[twp]" CODE="[TWP]" isMetric="no" class="us-lengths">
+      <name>township</name>
+      <property>area</property>
+      <value Unit="[sct]" UNIT="[SCT]" value="36">36</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[mil_us]" CODE="[MIL_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-lengths">
+      <name>mil</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[in_us]" UNIT="[IN_US]" value="1e-3">1 &#215; 10<sup>-3</sup>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[in_br]" CODE="[IN_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-length">
+      <name>inch</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="cm" UNIT="CM" value="2.539998">2.539998</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[ft_br]" CODE="[FT_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-length">
+      <name>foot</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[in_br]" UNIT="[IN_BR]" value="12">12</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[rd_br]" CODE="[RD_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-length">
+      <name>rod</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_br]" UNIT="[FT_BR]" value="16.5">16.5</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[ch_br]" CODE="[CH_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-length">
+      <name>Gunter's chain</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[rd_br]" UNIT="[RD_BR]" value="4">4</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[lk_br]" CODE="[LK_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-length">
+      <name>link for Gunter's chain</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[ch_br]/100" UNIT="[CH_BR]/100" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[fth_br]" CODE="[FTH_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-length">
+      <name>fathom</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_br]" UNIT="[FT_BR]" value="6">6</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[pc_br]" CODE="[PC_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-length">
+      <name>pace</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_br]" UNIT="[FT_BR]" value="2.5">2.5</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[yd_br]" CODE="[YD_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-length">
+      <name>yard</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_br]" UNIT="[FT_BR]" value="3">3</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[mi_br]" CODE="[MI_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-length">
+      <name>mile</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_br]" UNIT="[FT_BR]" value="5280">5280</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[nmi_br]" CODE="[NMI_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-length">
+      <name>nautical mile</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_br]" UNIT="[FT_BR]" value="6080">6080</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[kn_br]" CODE="[KN_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-length">
+      <name>knot</name>
+      <property>velocity</property>
+      <value Unit="[nmi_br]/h" UNIT="[NMI_BR]/H" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[acr_br]" CODE="[ACR_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-length">
+      <name>acre</name>
+      <property>area</property>
+      <value Unit="[yd_br]2" UNIT="[YD_BR]2" value="4840">4840</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[gal_us]" CODE="[GAL_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>Queen&#160;Anne's wine gallon</name>
+      <property>fluid volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[in_i]3" UNIT="[IN_I]3" value="231">231</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[bbl_us]" CODE="[BBL_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>barrel</name>
+      <property>fluid volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[gal_us]" UNIT="[GAL_US]" value="42">42</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[qt_us]" CODE="[QT_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>quart</name>
+      <property>fluid volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[gal_us]/4" UNIT="[GAL_US]/4" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[pt_us]" CODE="[PT_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>pint</name>
+      <property>fluid volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[qt_us]/2" UNIT="[QT_US]/2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[gil_us]" CODE="[GIL_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>gill</name>
+      <property>fluid volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[pt_us]/4" UNIT="[PT_US]/4" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[foz_us]" CODE="[FOZ_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>fluid ounce</name>
+      <printSymbol>oz fl</printSymbol>
+      <property>fluid volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[gil_us]/4" UNIT="[GIL_US]/4" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[fdr_us]" CODE="[FDR_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>fluid dram</name>
+      <property>fluid volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[foz_us]/8" UNIT="[FOZ_US]/8" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[min_us]" CODE="[MIN_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>minim</name>
+      <property>fluid volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[fdr_us]/60" UNIT="[FDR_US]/60" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[crd_us]" CODE="[CRD_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>cord</name>
+      <property>fluid volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_i]3" UNIT="[FT_I]3" value="128">128</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[bu_us]" CODE="[BU_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>bushel</name>
+      <property>dry volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[in_i]3" UNIT="[IN_I]3" value="2150.42">2150.42</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[gal_wi]" CODE="[GAL_WI]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>historical winchester gallon</name>
+      <property>dry volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[bu_us]/8" UNIT="[BU_US]/8" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[pk_us]" CODE="[PK_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>peck</name>
+      <property>dry volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[bu_us]/4" UNIT="[BU_US]/4" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[dqt_us]" CODE="[DQT_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>dry quart</name>
+      <property>dry volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[pk_us]/8" UNIT="[PK_US]/8" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[dpt_us]" CODE="[DPT_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>dry pint</name>
+      <property>dry volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[dqt_us]/2" UNIT="[DQT_US]/2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[tbs_us]" CODE="[TBS_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>tablespoon</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[foz_us]/2" UNIT="[FOZ_US]/2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[tsp_us]" CODE="[TSP_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>teaspoon</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[tbs_us]/3" UNIT="[TBS_US]/3" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[cup_us]" CODE="[CUP_US]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>cup</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[tbs_us]" UNIT="[TBS_US]" value="16">16</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[foz_m]" CODE="[FOZ_M]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>metric fluid ounce</name>
+      <printSymbol>oz fl</printSymbol>
+      <property>fluid volume</property>
+      <value Unit="mL" UNIT="ML" value="30">30</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[cup_m]" CODE="[CUP_M]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>metric cup</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="mL" UNIT="ML" value="240">240</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[tsp_m]" CODE="[TSP_M]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>metric teaspoon</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="mL" UNIT="mL" value="5">5</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[tbs_m]" CODE="[TBS_M]" isMetric="no" class="us-volumes">
+      <name>metric tablespoon</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="mL" UNIT="mL" value="15">15</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[gal_br]" CODE="[GAL_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-volumes">
+      <name>gallon</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="l" UNIT="L" value="4.54609">4.54609</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[pk_br]" CODE="[PK_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-volumes">
+      <name>peck</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[gal_br]" UNIT="[GAL_BR]" value="2">2</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[bu_br]" CODE="[BU_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-volumes">
+      <name>bushel</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[pk_br]" UNIT="[PK_BR]" value="4">4</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[qt_br]" CODE="[QT_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-volumes">
+      <name>quart</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[gal_br]/4" UNIT="[GAL_BR]/4" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[pt_br]" CODE="[PT_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-volumes">
+      <name>pint</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[qt_br]/2" UNIT="[QT_BR]/2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[gil_br]" CODE="[GIL_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-volumes">
+      <name>gill</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[pt_br]/4" UNIT="[PT_BR]/4" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[foz_br]" CODE="[FOZ_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-volumes">
+      <name>fluid ounce</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[gil_br]/5" UNIT="[GIL_BR]/5" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[fdr_br]" CODE="[FDR_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-volumes">
+      <name>fluid dram</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[foz_br]/8" UNIT="[FOZ_BR]/8" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[min_br]" CODE="[MIN_BR]" isMetric="no" class="brit-volumes">
+      <name>minim</name>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="[fdr_br]/60" UNIT="[FDR_BR]/60" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[gr]" CODE="[GR]" isMetric="no" class="avoirdupois">
+      <name>grain</name>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="mg" UNIT="MG" value="64.79891">64.79891</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[lb_av]" CODE="[LB_AV]" isMetric="no" class="avoirdupois">
+      <name>pound</name>
+      <printSymbol>lb</printSymbol>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="[gr]" UNIT="[GR]" value="7000">7000</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[oz_av]" CODE="[OZ_AV]" isMetric="no" class="avoirdupois">
+      <name>ounce</name>
+      <printSymbol>oz</printSymbol>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="[lb_av]/16" UNIT="[LB_AV]/16" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[dr_av]" CODE="[DR_AV]" isMetric="no" class="avoirdupois">
+      <name>dram</name>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="[oz_av]/16" UNIT="[OZ_AV]/16" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[scwt_av]" CODE="[SCWT_AV]" isMetric="no" class="avoirdupois">
+      <name>short hundredweight</name>
+      <name>U.S. hundredweight</name>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="[lb_av]" UNIT="[LB_AV]" value="100">100</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[lcwt_av]" CODE="[LCWT_AV]" isMetric="no" class="avoirdupois">
+      <name>long hundredweight</name>
+      <name>British hundredweight</name>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="[lb_av]" UNIT="[LB_AV]" value="112">112</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[ston_av]" CODE="[STON_AV]" isMetric="no" class="avoirdupois">
+      <name>short ton</name>
+      <name>U.S. ton</name>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="[scwt_av]" UNIT="[SCWT_AV]" value="20">20</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[lton_av]" CODE="[LTON_AV]" isMetric="no" class="avoirdupois">
+      <name>long ton</name>
+      <name>British ton</name>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="[lcwt_av]" UNIT="[LCWT_AV]" value="20">20</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[stone_av]" CODE="[STONE_AV]" isMetric="no" class="avoirdupois">
+      <name>stone</name>
+      <name>British stone</name>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="[lb_av]" UNIT="[LB_AV]" value="14">14</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[pwt_tr]" CODE="[PWT_TR]" isMetric="no" class="troy">
+      <name>pennyweight</name>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="[gr]" UNIT="[GR]" value="24">24</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[oz_tr]" CODE="[OZ_TR]" isMetric="no" class="troy">
+      <name>ounce</name>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="[pwt_tr]" UNIT="[PWT_TR]" value="20">20</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[lb_tr]" CODE="[LB_TR]" isMetric="no" class="troy">
+      <name>pound</name>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="[oz_tr]" UNIT="[OZ_TR]" value="12">12</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[sc_ap]" CODE="[SC_AP]" isMetric="no" class="apoth">
+      <name>scruple</name>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="[gr]" UNIT="[GR]" value="20">20</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[dr_ap]" CODE="[DR_AP]" isMetric="no" class="apoth">
+      <name>dram</name>
+      <name>drachm</name>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="[sc_ap]" UNIT="[SC_AP]" value="3">3</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[oz_ap]" CODE="[OZ_AP]" isMetric="no" class="apoth">
+      <name>ounce</name>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="[dr_ap]" UNIT="[DR_AP]" value="8">8</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[lb_ap]" CODE="[LB_AP]" isMetric="no" class="apoth">
+      <name>pound</name>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="[oz_ap]" UNIT="[OZ_AP]" value="12">12</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[oz_m]" CODE="[OZ_M]" isMetric="no" class="apoth">
+      <name>metric ounce</name>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="g" UNIT="g" value="28">28</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[lne]" CODE="[LNE]" isMetric="no" class="typeset">
+      <name>line</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[in_i]/12" UNIT="[IN_I]/12" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[pnt]" CODE="[PNT]" isMetric="no" class="typeset">
+      <name>point</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[lne]/6" UNIT="[LNE]/6" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[pca]" CODE="[PCA]" isMetric="no" class="typeset">
+      <name>pica</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[pnt]" UNIT="[PNT]" value="12">12</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[pnt_pr]" CODE="[PNT_PR]" isMetric="no" class="typeset">
+      <name>Printer's point</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[in_i]" UNIT="[IN_I]" value="0.013837">0.013837</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[pca_pr]" CODE="[PCA_PR]" isMetric="no" class="typeset">
+      <name>Printer's pica</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[pnt_pr]" UNIT="[PNT_PR]" value="12">12</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[pied]" CODE="[PIED]" isMetric="no" class="typeset">
+      <name>pied</name>
+      <name>French foot</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="cm" UNIT="CM" value="32.48">32.48</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[pouce]" CODE="[POUCE]" isMetric="no" class="typeset">
+      <name>pouce</name>
+      <name>French inch</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[pied]/12" UNIT="[PIED]/12" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[ligne]" CODE="[LIGNE]" isMetric="no" class="typeset">
+      <name>ligne</name>
+      <name>French line</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[pouce]/12" UNIT="[POUCE]/12" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[didot]" CODE="[DIDOT]" isMetric="no" class="typeset">
+      <name>didot</name>
+      <name>Didot's point</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[ligne]/6" UNIT="[LIGNE]/6" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[cicero]" CODE="[CICERO]" isMetric="no" class="typeset">
+      <name>cicero</name>
+      <name>Didot's pica</name>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[didot]" UNIT="[DIDOT]" value="12">12</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[degF]" CODE="[DEGF]" isMetric="no" isSpecial="yes" class="heat">
+      <name>degree Fahrenheit</name>
+      <printSymbol>&#176;F</printSymbol>
+      <property>temperature</property>
+      <value Unit="degf(5 K/9)" UNIT="DEGF(5 K/9)">
+         <function name="degF" value="5" Unit="K/9"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[degR]" CODE="[degR]" isMetric="no" class="heat">
+      <name>degree Rankine</name>
+      <printSymbol>&#176;R</printSymbol>
+      <property>temperature</property>
+      <value value="5" Unit="K/9" UNIT="K/9">5</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[degRe]" CODE="[degRe]" isMetric="no" isSpecial="yes" class="heat">
+      <name>degree R&#233;aumur</name>
+      <printSymbol>&#176;R&#233;</printSymbol>
+      <property>temperature</property>
+      <value Unit="degre(5 K/4)" UNIT="DEGRE(5 K/4)">
+         <function name="degRe" value="5" Unit="K/4"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="cal_[15]" CODE="CAL_[15]" isMetric="yes" class="heat">
+      <name>calorie at 15&#160;&#176;C</name>
+      <printSymbol>cal<sub>15&#176;C</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>energy</property>
+      <value Unit="J" UNIT="J" value="4.18580">4.18580</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="cal_[20]" CODE="CAL_[20]" isMetric="yes" class="heat">
+      <name>calorie at 20&#160;&#176;C</name>
+      <printSymbol>cal<sub>20&#176;C</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>energy</property>
+      <value Unit="J" UNIT="J" value="4.18190">4.18190</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="cal_m" CODE="CAL_M" isMetric="yes" class="heat">
+      <name>mean calorie</name>
+      <printSymbol>cal<sub>m</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>energy</property>
+      <value Unit="J" UNIT="J" value="4.19002">4.19002</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="cal_IT" CODE="CAL_IT" isMetric="yes" class="heat">
+      <name>international table calorie</name>
+      <printSymbol>cal<sub>IT</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>energy</property>
+      <value Unit="J" UNIT="J" value="4.1868">4.1868</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="cal_th" CODE="CAL_TH" isMetric="yes" class="heat">
+      <name>thermochemical calorie</name>
+      <printSymbol>cal<sub>th</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>energy</property>
+      <value Unit="J" UNIT="J" value="4.184">4.184</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="cal" CODE="CAL" isMetric="yes" class="heat">
+      <name>calorie</name>
+      <printSymbol>cal</printSymbol>
+      <property>energy</property>
+      <value Unit="cal_th" UNIT="CAL_TH" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[Cal]" CODE="[CAL]" isMetric="no" class="heat">
+      <name>nutrition label Calories</name>
+      <printSymbol>Cal</printSymbol>
+      <property>energy</property>
+      <value Unit="kcal_th" UNIT="KCAL_TH" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[Btu_39]" CODE="[BTU_39]" isMetric="no" class="heat">
+      <name>British thermal unit at 39&#160;&#176;F</name>
+      <printSymbol>Btu<sub>39&#176;F</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>energy</property>
+      <value Unit="kJ" UNIT="kJ" value="1.05967">1.05967</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[Btu_59]" CODE="[BTU_59]" isMetric="no" class="heat">
+      <name>British thermal unit at 59&#160;&#176;F</name>
+      <printSymbol>Btu<sub>59&#176;F</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>energy</property>
+      <value Unit="kJ" UNIT="kJ" value="1.05480">1.05480</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[Btu_60]" CODE="[BTU_60]" isMetric="no" class="heat">
+      <name>British thermal unit at 60&#160;&#176;F</name>
+      <printSymbol>Btu<sub>60&#176;F</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>energy</property>
+      <value Unit="kJ" UNIT="kJ" value="1.05468">1.05468</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[Btu_m]" CODE="[BTU_M]" isMetric="no" class="heat">
+      <name>mean British thermal unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>Btu<sub>m</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>energy</property>
+      <value Unit="kJ" UNIT="kJ" value="1.05587">1.05587</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[Btu_IT]" CODE="[BTU_IT]" isMetric="no" class="heat">
+      <name>international table British thermal unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>Btu<sub>IT</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>energy</property>
+      <value Unit="kJ" UNIT="kJ" value="1.05505585262">1.05505585262</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[Btu_th]" CODE="[BTU_TH]" isMetric="no" class="heat">
+      <name>thermochemical British thermal unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>Btu<sub>th</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>energy</property>
+      <value Unit="kJ" UNIT="kJ" value="1.054350">1.054350</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[Btu]" CODE="[BTU]" isMetric="no" class="heat">
+      <name>British thermal unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>btu</printSymbol>
+      <property>energy</property>
+      <value Unit="[Btu_th]" UNIT="[BTU_TH]" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[HP]" CODE="[HP]" isMetric="no" class="heat">
+      <name>horsepower</name>
+      <property>power</property>
+      <value Unit="[ft_i].[lbf_av]/s" UNIT="[FT_I].[LBF_AV]/S" value="550">550</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="tex" CODE="TEX" isMetric="yes" class="heat">
+      <name>tex</name>
+      <printSymbol>tex</printSymbol>
+      <property>linear mass density (of textile thread)</property>
+      <value value="1" Unit="g/km" UNIT="G/KM">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[den]" CODE="[DEN]" isMetric="no" class="heat">
+      <name>Denier</name>
+      <printSymbol>den</printSymbol>
+      <property>linear mass density (of textile thread)</property>
+      <value value="1" Unit="g/9/km" UNIT="G/9/KM">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="m[H2O]" CODE="M[H2O]" isMetric="yes" class="clinical">
+      <name>meter of water column</name>
+      <printSymbol>m&#160;H<sub>
+            <r>2</r>
+         </sub>O</printSymbol>
+      <property>pressure</property>
+      <value Unit="kPa" UNIT="KPAL" value="980665e-5">9.80665</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="m[Hg]" CODE="M[HG]" isMetric="yes" class="clinical">
+      <name>meter of mercury column</name>
+      <printSymbol>m&#160;Hg</printSymbol>
+      <property>pressure</property>
+      <value Unit="kPa" UNIT="KPAL" value="133.3220">133.3220</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[in_i'H2O]" CODE="[IN_I'H2O]" isMetric="no" class="clinical">
+      <name>inch of water column</name>
+      <printSymbol>in&#160;H<sub>
+            <r>2</r>
+         </sub>O</printSymbol>
+      <property>pressure</property>
+      <value Unit="m[H2O].[in_i]/m" UNIT="M[H2O].[IN_I]/M" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[in_i'Hg]" CODE="[IN_I'HG]" isMetric="no" class="clinical">
+      <name>inch of mercury column</name>
+      <printSymbol>in&#160;Hg</printSymbol>
+      <property>pressure</property>
+      <value Unit="m[Hg].[in_i]/m" UNIT="M[HG].[IN_I]/M" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[PRU]" CODE="[PRU]" isMetric="no" class="clinical">
+      <name>peripheral vascular resistance unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>P.R.U.</printSymbol>
+      <property>fluid resistance</property>
+      <value Unit="mm[Hg].s/ml" UNIT="MM[HG].S/ML" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[wood'U]" CODE="[WOOD'U]" isMetric="no" class="clinical">
+      <name>Wood unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>Wood U.</printSymbol>
+      <property>fluid resistance</property>
+      <value Unit="mm[Hg].min/L" UNIT="MM[HG].MIN/L" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[diop]" CODE="[DIOP]" isMetric="no" class="clinical">
+      <name>diopter</name>
+      <printSymbol>dpt</printSymbol>
+      <property>refraction of a lens</property>
+      <value Unit="/m" UNIT="/M" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[p'diop]" CODE="[P'DIOP]" isMetric="no" isSpecial="yes" class="clinical">
+      <name>prism diopter</name>
+      <printSymbol>PD</printSymbol>
+      <property>refraction of a prism</property>
+      <value Unit="100tan(1 rad)" UNIT="100TAN(1 RAD)">
+         <function name="tanTimes100" value="1" Unit="rad"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="%[slope]" CODE="%[SLOPE]" isMetric="no" isSpecial="yes" class="clinical">
+      <name>percent of slope</name>
+      <printSymbol>%</printSymbol>
+      <property>slope</property>
+      <value Unit="100tan(1 rad)" UNIT="100TAN(1 RAD)">
+         <function name="100tan" value="1" Unit="deg"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[mesh_i]" CODE="[MESH_I]" isMetric="no" class="clinical">
+      <name>mesh</name>
+      <property>lineic number</property>
+      <value Unit="/[in_i]" UNIT="/[IN_I]" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[Ch]" CODE="[CH]" isMetric="no" class="clinical">
+      <name>Charri&#232;re</name>
+      <name>french</name>
+      <printSymbol>Ch</printSymbol>
+      <property>gauge of catheters</property>
+      <value Unit="mm/3" UNIT="MM/3" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[drp]" CODE="[DRP]" isMetric="no" class="clinical">
+      <name>drop</name>
+      <printSymbol>drp</printSymbol>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="ml/20" UNIT="ML/20" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[hnsf'U]" CODE="[HNSF'U]" isMetric="no" class="clinical">
+      <name>Hounsfield unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>HF</printSymbol>
+      <property>x-ray attenuation</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[MET]" CODE="[MET]" isMetric="no" class="clinical">
+      <name>metabolic equivalent</name>
+      <printSymbol>MET</printSymbol>
+      <property>metabolic cost of physical activity</property>
+      <value Unit="mL/min/kg" UNIT="ML/MIN/KG" value="3.5">3.5</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[hp'_X]" CODE="[HP'_X]" isMetric="no" isSpecial="yes" class="clinical">
+      <name>homeopathic potency of decimal series (retired)</name>
+      <printSymbol>X</printSymbol>
+      <property>homeopathic potency (retired)</property>
+      <value Unit="hpX(1 1)" UNIT="HPX(1 1)">
+         <function name="hpX" value="1" Unit="1"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[hp'_C]" CODE="[HP'_C]" isMetric="no" isSpecial="yes" class="clinical">
+      <name>homeopathic potency of centesimal series (retired)</name>
+      <printSymbol>C</printSymbol>
+      <property>homeopathic potency (retired)</property>
+      <value Unit="hpC(1 1)" UNIT="HPC(1 1)">
+         <function name="hpC" value="1" Unit="1"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[hp'_M]" CODE="[HP'_M]" isMetric="no" isSpecial="yes" class="clinical">
+      <name>homeopathic potency of millesimal series (retired)</name>
+      <printSymbol>M</printSymbol>
+      <property>homeopathic potency (retired)</property>
+      <value Unit="hpM(1 1)" UNIT="HPM(1 1)">
+         <function name="hpM" value="1" Unit="1"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[hp'_Q]" CODE="[HP'_Q]" isMetric="no" isSpecial="yes" class="clinical">
+      <name>homeopathic potency of quintamillesimal series (retired)</name>
+      <printSymbol>Q</printSymbol>
+      <property>homeopathic potency (retired)</property>
+      <value Unit="hpQ(1 1)" UNIT="HPQ(1 1)">
+         <function name="hpQ" value="1" Unit="1"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[hp_X]" CODE="[HP_X]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="clinical">
+      <name>homeopathic potency of decimal hahnemannian series</name>
+      <printSymbol>X</printSymbol>
+      <property>homeopathic potency (Hahnemann)</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[hp_C]" CODE="[HP_C]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="clinical">
+      <name>homeopathic potency of centesimal hahnemannian series</name>
+      <printSymbol>C</printSymbol>
+      <property>homeopathic potency (Hahnemann)</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[hp_M]" CODE="[HP_M]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="clinical">
+      <name>homeopathic potency of millesimal hahnemannian series</name>
+      <printSymbol>M</printSymbol>
+      <property>homeopathic potency (Hahnemann)</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[hp_Q]" CODE="[HP_Q]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="clinical">
+      <name>homeopathic potency of quintamillesimal hahnemannian series</name>
+      <printSymbol>Q</printSymbol>
+      <property>homeopathic potency (Hahnemann)</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[kp_X]" CODE="[KP_X]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="clinical">
+      <name>homeopathic potency of decimal korsakovian series</name>
+      <printSymbol>X</printSymbol>
+      <property>homeopathic potency (Korsakov)</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[kp_C]" CODE="[KP_C]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="clinical">
+      <name>homeopathic potency of centesimal korsakovian series</name>
+      <printSymbol>C</printSymbol>
+      <property>homeopathic potency (Korsakov)</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[kp_M]" CODE="[KP_M]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="clinical">
+      <name>homeopathic potency of millesimal korsakovian series</name>
+      <printSymbol>M</printSymbol>
+      <property>homeopathic potency (Korsakov)</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[kp_Q]" CODE="[KP_Q]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="clinical">
+      <name>homeopathic potency of quintamillesimal korsakovian series</name>
+      <printSymbol>Q</printSymbol>
+      <property>homeopathic potency (Korsakov)</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="eq" CODE="EQ" isMetric="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>equivalents</name>
+      <printSymbol>eq</printSymbol>
+      <property>amount of substance</property>
+      <value Unit="mol" UNIT="MOL" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="osm" CODE="OSM" isMetric="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>osmole</name>
+      <printSymbol>osm</printSymbol>
+      <property>amount of substance (dissolved particles)</property>
+      <value Unit="mol" UNIT="MOL" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[pH]" CODE="[PH]" isMetric="no" isSpecial="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>pH</name>
+      <printSymbol>pH</printSymbol>
+      <property>acidity</property>
+      <value Unit="pH(1 mol/l)" UNIT="PH(1 MOL/L)">
+         <function name="pH" value="1" Unit="mol/l"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="g%" CODE="G%" isMetric="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>gram percent</name>
+      <printSymbol>g%</printSymbol>
+      <property>mass concentration</property>
+      <value Unit="g/dl" UNIT="G/DL" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[S]" CODE="[S]" isMetric="no" class="chemical">
+      <name>Svedberg unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>S</printSymbol>
+      <property>sedimentation coefficient</property>
+      <value Unit="10*-13.s" UNIT="10*-13.S" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[HPF]" CODE="[HPF]" isMetric="no" class="chemical">
+      <name>high power field</name>
+      <printSymbol>HPF</printSymbol>
+      <property>view area in microscope</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[LPF]" CODE="[LPF]" isMetric="no" class="chemical">
+      <name>low power field</name>
+      <printSymbol>LPF</printSymbol>
+      <property>view area in microscope</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="100">100</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="kat" CODE="KAT" isMetric="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>katal</name>
+      <printSymbol>kat</printSymbol>
+      <property>catalytic activity</property>
+      <value Unit="mol/s" UNIT="MOL/S" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="U" CODE="U" isMetric="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>Unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>U</printSymbol>
+      <property>catalytic activity</property>
+      <value Unit="umol/min" UNIT="UMOL/MIN" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[iU]" CODE="[IU]" isMetric="yes" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>international unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>IU</printSymbol>
+      <property>arbitrary</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[IU]" CODE="[IU]" isMetric="yes" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>international unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>i.U.</printSymbol>
+      <property>arbitrary</property>
+      <value Unit="[iU]" UNIT="[IU]" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[arb'U]" CODE="[ARB'U]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>arbitrary unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>arb. U</printSymbol>
+      <property>arbitrary</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[USP'U]" CODE="[USP'U]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>United States Pharmacopeia unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>U.S.P.</printSymbol>
+      <property>arbitrary</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[GPL'U]" CODE="[GPL'U]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>GPL unit</name>
+      <property>biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgG</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[MPL'U]" CODE="[MPL'U]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>MPL unit</name>
+      <property>biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgM</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[APL'U]" CODE="[APL'U]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>APL unit</name>
+      <property>biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgA</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[beth'U]" CODE="[BETH'U]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes"
+         class="chemical">
+      <name>Bethesda unit</name>
+      <property>biologic activity of factor VIII inhibitor</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[anti'Xa'U]" CODE="[ANTI'XA'U]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes"
+         class="chemical">
+      <name>anti factor Xa unit</name>
+      <property>biologic activity of factor Xa inhibitor (heparin)</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[todd'U]" CODE="[TODD'U]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes"
+         class="chemical">
+      <name>Todd unit</name>
+      <property>biologic activity antistreptolysin O</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[dye'U]" CODE="[DYE'U]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>Dye unit</name>
+      <property>biologic activity of amylase</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[smgy'U]" CODE="[SMGY'U]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes"
+         class="chemical">
+      <name>Somogyi unit</name>
+      <property>biologic activity of amylase</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[bdsk'U]" CODE="[BDSK'U]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes"
+         class="chemical">
+      <name>Bodansky unit</name>
+      <property>biologic activity of phosphatase</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[ka'U]" CODE="[KA'U]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>King-Armstrong unit</name>
+      <property>biologic activity of phosphatase</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[knk'U]" CODE="[KNK'U]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>Kunkel unit</name>
+      <property>arbitrary biologic activity</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[mclg'U]" CODE="[MCLG'U]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes"
+         class="chemical">
+      <name>Mac Lagan unit</name>
+      <property>arbitrary biologic activity</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[tb'U]" CODE="[TB'U]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>tuberculin unit</name>
+      <property>biologic activity of tuberculin</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[CCID_50]" CODE="[CCID_50]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes"
+         class="chemical">
+      <name>50% cell culture infectious dose</name>
+      <printSymbol>CCID<sub>50</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>biologic activity (infectivity) of an infectious agent preparation</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[TCID_50]" CODE="[TCID_50]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes"
+         class="chemical">
+      <name>50% tissue culture infectious dose</name>
+      <printSymbol>TCID<sub>50</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>biologic activity (infectivity) of an infectious agent preparation</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[EID_50]" CODE="[EID_50]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes"
+         class="chemical">
+      <name>50% embryo infectious dose</name>
+      <printSymbol>EID<sub>50</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>biologic activity (infectivity) of an infectious agent preparation</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[PFU]" CODE="[PFU]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>plaque forming units</name>
+      <printSymbol>PFU</printSymbol>
+      <property>amount of an infectious agent</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[FFU]" CODE="[FFU]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>focus forming units</name>
+      <printSymbol>FFU</printSymbol>
+      <property>amount of an infectious agent</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[CFU]" CODE="[CFU]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>colony forming units</name>
+      <printSymbol>CFU</printSymbol>
+      <property>amount of a proliferating organism</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[IR]" CODE="[IR]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>index of reactivity</name>
+      <printSymbol>IR</printSymbol>
+      <property>amount of an allergen calibrated through in-vivo testing using the Stallergenes&#174; method</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[BAU]" CODE="[BAU]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>bioequivalent allergen unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>BAU</printSymbol>
+      <property>amount of an allergen calibrated through in-vivo testing based on the ID50EAL method of (intradermal dilution for 50mm sum of erythema diameters</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[AU]" CODE="[AU]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>allergen unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>AU</printSymbol>
+      <property>procedure defined amount of an allergen using some reference standard</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[Amb'a'1'U]" CODE="[AMB'A'1'U]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes"
+         class="chemical">
+      <name>allergen unit for Ambrosia artemisiifolia</name>
+      <printSymbol>Amb a 1 U</printSymbol>
+      <property>procedure defined amount of the major allergen of ragweed</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[PNU]" CODE="[PNU]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>protein nitrogen unit</name>
+      <printSymbol>PNU</printSymbol>
+      <property>procedure defined amount of a protein substance</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[Lf]" CODE="[LF]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>Limit of flocculation</name>
+      <printSymbol>Lf</printSymbol>
+      <property>procedure defined amount of an antigen substance</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[D'ag'U]" CODE="[D'AG'U]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes"
+         class="chemical">
+      <name>D-antigen unit</name>
+      <printSymbol/>
+      <property>procedure defined amount of a poliomyelitis d-antigen substance</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[FEU]" CODE="[FEU]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>fibrinogen equivalent unit</name>
+      <printSymbol/>
+      <property>amount of fibrinogen broken down into the measured d-dimers</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[ELU]" CODE="[ELU]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>ELISA unit</name>
+      <printSymbol/>
+      <property>arbitrary ELISA unit</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[EU]" CODE="[EU]" isMetric="no" isArbitrary="yes" class="chemical">
+      <name>Ehrlich unit</name>
+      <printSymbol/>
+      <property>Ehrlich unit</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Np" CODE="NEP" isMetric="yes" isSpecial="yes" class="levels">
+      <name>neper</name>
+      <printSymbol>Np</printSymbol>
+      <property>level</property>
+      <value Unit="ln(1 1)" UNIT="LN(1 1)">
+         <function name="ln" value="1" Unit="1"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="B" CODE="B" isMetric="yes" isSpecial="yes" class="levels">
+      <name>bel</name>
+      <printSymbol>B</printSymbol>
+      <property>level</property>
+      <value Unit="lg(1 1)" UNIT="LG(1 1)">
+         <function name="lg" value="1" Unit="1"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="B[SPL]" CODE="B[SPL]" isMetric="yes" isSpecial="yes" class="levels">
+      <name>bel sound pressure</name>
+      <printSymbol>B(SPL)</printSymbol>
+      <property>pressure level</property>
+      <value Unit="2lg(2 10*-5.Pa)" UNIT="2LG(2 10*-5.PAL)">
+         <function name="lgTimes2" value="2" Unit="10*-5.Pa"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="B[V]" CODE="B[V]" isMetric="yes" isSpecial="yes" class="levels">
+      <name>bel volt</name>
+      <printSymbol>B(V)</printSymbol>
+      <property>electric potential level</property>
+      <value Unit="2lg(1 V)" UNIT="2LG(1 V)">
+         <function name="lgTimes2" value="1" Unit="V"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="B[mV]" CODE="B[MV]" isMetric="yes" isSpecial="yes" class="levels">
+      <name>bel millivolt</name>
+      <printSymbol>B(mV)</printSymbol>
+      <property>electric potential level</property>
+      <value Unit="2lg(1 mV)" UNIT="2LG(1 MV)">
+         <function name="lgTimes2" value="1" Unit="mV"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="B[uV]" CODE="B[UV]" isMetric="yes" isSpecial="yes" class="levels">
+      <name>bel microvolt</name>
+      <printSymbol>B(&#956;V)</printSymbol>
+      <property>electric potential level</property>
+      <value Unit="2lg(1 uV)" UNIT="2LG(1 UV)">
+         <function name="lgTimes2" value="1" Unit="uV"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="B[10.nV]" CODE="B[10.NV]" isMetric="yes" isSpecial="yes" class="levels">
+      <name>bel 10 nanovolt</name>
+      <printSymbol>B(10 nV)</printSymbol>
+      <property>electric potential level</property>
+      <value Unit="2lg(10 nV)" UNIT="2LG(10 NV)">
+         <function name="lgTimes2" value="10" Unit="nV"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="B[W]" CODE="B[W]" isMetric="yes" isSpecial="yes" class="levels">
+      <name>bel watt</name>
+      <printSymbol>B(W)</printSymbol>
+      <property>power level</property>
+      <value Unit="lg(1 W)" UNIT="LG(1 W)">
+         <function name="lg" value="1" Unit="W"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="B[kW]" CODE="B[KW]" isMetric="yes" isSpecial="yes" class="levels">
+      <name>bel kilowatt</name>
+      <printSymbol>B(kW)</printSymbol>
+      <property>power level</property>
+      <value Unit="lg(1 kW)" UNIT="LG(1 KW)">
+         <function name="lg" value="1" Unit="kW"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="st" CODE="STR" isMetric="yes" class="misc">
+      <name>stere</name>
+      <printSymbol>st</printSymbol>
+      <property>volume</property>
+      <value Unit="m3" UNIT="M3" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Ao" CODE="AO" isMetric="no" class="misc">
+      <name>&#197;ngstr&#246;m</name>
+      <printSymbol>&#197;</printSymbol>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="nm" UNIT="NM" value="0.1">0.1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="b" CODE="BRN" isMetric="no" class="misc">
+      <name>barn</name>
+      <printSymbol>b</printSymbol>
+      <property>action area</property>
+      <value Unit="fm2" UNIT="FM2" value="100">100</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="att" CODE="ATT" isMetric="no" class="misc">
+      <name>technical atmosphere</name>
+      <printSymbol>at</printSymbol>
+      <property>pressure</property>
+      <value Unit="kgf/cm2" UNIT="KGF/CM2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="mho" CODE="MHO" isMetric="yes" class="misc">
+      <name>mho</name>
+      <printSymbol>mho</printSymbol>
+      <property>electric conductance</property>
+      <value Unit="S" UNIT="S" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[psi]" CODE="[PSI]" isMetric="no" class="misc">
+      <name>pound per square inch</name>
+      <printSymbol>psi</printSymbol>
+      <property>pressure</property>
+      <value Unit="[lbf_av]/[in_i]2" UNIT="[LBF_AV]/[IN_I]2" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="circ" CODE="CIRC" isMetric="no" class="misc">
+      <name>circle</name>
+      <printSymbol>circ</printSymbol>
+      <property>plane angle</property>
+      <value Unit="[pi].rad" UNIT="[PI].RAD" value="2">2</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="sph" CODE="SPH" isMetric="no" class="misc">
+      <name>sphere</name>
+      <printSymbol>sph</printSymbol>
+      <property>solid angle</property>
+      <value Unit="[pi].sr" UNIT="[PI].SR" value="4">4</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[car_m]" CODE="[CAR_M]" isMetric="no" class="misc">
+      <name>metric carat</name>
+      <printSymbol>ct<sub>m</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>mass</property>
+      <value Unit="g" UNIT="G" value="2e-1">0.2</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[car_Au]" CODE="[CAR_AU]" isMetric="no" class="misc">
+      <name>carat of gold alloys</name>
+      <printSymbol>ct<sub>
+            <r>Au</r>
+         </sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>mass fraction</property>
+      <value Unit="/24" UNIT="/24" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[smoot]" CODE="[SMOOT]" isMetric="no" class="misc">
+      <name>Smoot</name>
+      <printSymbol/>
+      <property>length</property>
+      <value Unit="[in_i]" UNIT="[IN_I]" value="67">67</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[m/s2/Hz^(1/2)]" CODE="[M/S2/HZ^(1/2)]" isMetric="no" isSpecial="yes"
+         class="misc">
+      <name>meter per square seconds per square root of hertz</name>
+      <printSymbol/>
+      <property>amplitude spectral density</property>
+      <value Unit="sqrt(1 m2/s4/Hz)" UNIT="SQRT(1 M2/S4/HZ)">
+         <function name="sqrt" value="1" Unit="m2/s4/Hz"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[NTU]" CODE="[NTU]" isMetric="no" class="misc">
+      <name>Nephelometric Turbidity Unit</name>
+      <printSymbol/>
+      <property>turbidity</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="[FNU]" CODE="[FNU]" isMetric="no" class="misc">
+      <name>Formazin Nephelometric Unit</name>
+      <printSymbol/>
+      <property>turbidity</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="bit_s" CODE="BIT_S" isMetric="no" isSpecial="yes" class="infotech">
+      <name>bit</name>
+      <printSymbol>bit<sub>s</sub>
+      </printSymbol>
+      <property>amount of information</property>
+      <value Unit="ld(1 1)" UNIT="ld(1 1)">
+         <function name="ld" value="1" Unit="1"/>
+      </value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="bit" CODE="BIT" isMetric="yes" class="infotech">
+      <name>bit</name>
+      <printSymbol>bit</printSymbol>
+      <property>amount of information</property>
+      <value Unit="1" UNIT="1" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="By" CODE="BY" isMetric="yes" class="infotech">
+      <name>byte</name>
+      <printSymbol>B</printSymbol>
+      <property>amount of information</property>
+      <value Unit="bit" UNIT="bit" value="8">8</value>
+   </unit>
+   <unit Code="Bd" CODE="BD" isMetric="yes" class="infotech">
+      <name>baud</name>
+      <printSymbol>Bd</printSymbol>
+      <property>signal transmission rate</property>
+      <value Unit="/s" UNIT="/s" value="1">1</value>
+   </unit>
+   <prefix Code="Ki" CODE="KIB">
+      <name>kibi</name>
+      <printSymbol>Ki</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1024">1024</value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="Mi" CODE="MIB">
+      <name>mebi</name>
+      <printSymbol>Mi</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1048576">1048576</value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="Gi" CODE="GIB">
+      <name>gibi</name>
+      <printSymbol>Gi</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1073741824">1073741824</value>
+   </prefix>
+   <prefix Code="Ti" CODE="TIB">
+      <name>tebi</name>
+      <printSymbol>Ti</printSymbol>
+      <value value="1099511627776">1099511627776</value>
+   </prefix>
+</root>`;
+
+// src/ucum/essence.ts
+function attr(tag, name) {
+  const m = new RegExp(`\\b${name}="([^"]*)"`).exec(tag);
+  return m?.[1];
+}
+function readValue(block) {
+  const m = /<value\b([^>]*)>/.exec(block);
+  if (!m?.[1]) return void 0;
+  const valueAttr = attr(m[1], "value");
+  const unitAttr = attr(m[1], "Unit");
+  if (valueAttr === void 0 || unitAttr === void 0) return void 0;
+  const factor = Number(valueAttr);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(factor)) return void 0;
+  return { factor, unit: unitAttr };
+}
+function parseEssence(xml) {
+  const prefixes = [];
+  const atoms = [];
+  for (const m of xml.matchAll(/<prefix\b([^>]*)>([\s\S]*?)<\/prefix>/g)) {
+    const openTag = m[1] ?? "";
+    const body = m[2] ?? "";
+    const code = attr(openTag, "Code");
+    const valueTag = /<value\b([^>]*)>/.exec(body);
+    const valueAttr = valueTag?.[1] === void 0 ? void 0 : attr(valueTag[1], "value");
+    const factor = valueAttr === void 0 ? NaN : Number(valueAttr);
+    if (code !== void 0 && Number.isFinite(factor)) prefixes.push({ code, factor });
+  }
+  for (const m of xml.matchAll(/<base-unit\b([^>]*)>/g)) {
+    const openTag = m[1] ?? "";
+    const code = attr(openTag, "Code");
+    if (code === void 0) continue;
+    atoms.push({
+      code,
+      metric: true,
+      base: true,
+      dim: code,
+      special: false,
+      arbitrary: false
+    });
+  }
+  for (const m of xml.matchAll(/<unit\b([^>]*)>([\s\S]*?)<\/unit>/g)) {
+    const openTag = m[1] ?? "";
+    const body = m[2] ?? "";
+    const code = attr(openTag, "Code");
+    if (code === void 0) continue;
+    const special = attr(openTag, "isSpecial") === "yes";
+    const arbitrary = attr(openTag, "isArbitrary") === "yes";
+    const value = special ? void 0 : readValue(body);
+    atoms.push({
+      code,
+      metric: attr(openTag, "isMetric") === "yes",
+      base: false,
+      special,
+      arbitrary,
+      ...value ? { value } : {}
+    });
+  }
+  prefixes.sort((a, b) => b.code.length - a.code.length);
+  atoms.sort((a, b) => b.code.length - a.code.length);
+  const atomByCode = new Map(atoms.map((a) => [a.code, a]));
+  const prefixByCode = new Map(prefixes.map((p) => [p.code, p]));
+  return { prefixes, atoms, atomByCode, prefixByCode };
+}
+var cached;
+function loadUcumEssence() {
+  cached ??= parseEssence(UCUM_ESSENCE_XML);
+  return cached;
+}
+
+// src/ucum/parse.ts
+var isDigitCode = (cc) => cc >= 48 && cc <= 57;
+var isDigitAt = (s, i) => isDigitCode(s.charCodeAt(i));
+function atBoundary(s, pos) {
+  if (pos >= s.length) return true;
+  const c = s[pos];
+  return c === "." || c === "/" || c === ")";
+}
+function simpleMatches(essence, s, pos) {
+  const out = [];
+  for (const atom of essence.atoms) {
+    if (s.startsWith(atom.code, pos)) out.push({ atom, len: atom.code.length });
+  }
+  for (const prefix of essence.prefixes) {
+    if (!s.startsWith(prefix.code, pos)) continue;
+    const rem = pos + prefix.code.length;
+    for (const atom of essence.atoms) {
+      if (atom.metric && s.startsWith(atom.code, rem)) {
+        out.push({ prefix, atom, len: prefix.code.length + atom.code.length });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  out.sort((a, b) => b.len - a.len || (a.prefix ? 1 : 0) - (b.prefix ? 1 : 0));
+  return out;
+}
+var MAX_PAREN_DEPTH = 100;
+function parseExponent(cur) {
+  const { s } = cur;
+  let i = cur.pos;
+  let sign = 1;
+  if (s[i] === "+") i++;
+  else if (s[i] === "-") {
+    sign = -1;
+    i++;
+  }
+  const start = i;
+  while (i < s.length && isDigitAt(s, i)) i++;
+  if (i === start) return { value: 1, consumed: false };
+  cur.pos = i;
+  return { value: sign * Number(s.slice(start, i)), consumed: true };
+}
+function parseAnnotation(cur) {
+  const { s } = cur;
+  let i = cur.pos + 1;
+  for (; i < s.length; i++) {
+    const code = s.charCodeAt(i);
+    if (code === 125) {
+      cur.pos = i + 1;
+      return void 0;
+    }
+    if (code < 32 || code > 126 || code === 123) {
+      return { ok: false, reason: "annotation contains a non-ASCII or illegal character" };
+    }
+  }
+  return { ok: false, reason: "annotation is not closed with '}'" };
+}
+function parseSimpleUnit(cur) {
+  const candidates = simpleMatches(cur.essence, cur.s, cur.pos);
+  for (const cand of candidates) {
+    const save = cur.pos;
+    cur.pos = save + cand.len;
+    const exp = parseExponent(cur);
+    if ((cand.atom.code === "10*" || cand.atom.code === "10^") && !exp.consumed) {
+      cur.pos = save;
+      continue;
+    }
+    let annotationEnd = cur.pos;
+    if (cur.s.charCodeAt(cur.pos) === 123) {
+      const err = parseAnnotation(cur);
+      if (err) {
+        cur.pos = save;
+        return err;
+      }
+      annotationEnd = cur.pos;
+    }
+    if (atBoundary(cur.s, annotationEnd)) {
+      const node = cand.prefix ? { kind: "simple", prefix: cand.prefix, atom: cand.atom, exponent: exp.value } : { kind: "simple", atom: cand.atom, exponent: exp.value };
+      return { ok: true, node };
+    }
+    cur.pos = save;
+  }
+  return { ok: false, reason: "unrecognized unit atom" };
+}
+function parseComponent(cur) {
+  const { s } = cur;
+  const cc = s.charCodeAt(cur.pos);
+  if (cc === 40) {
+    if (cur.depth >= MAX_PAREN_DEPTH) {
+      return { ok: false, reason: "parentheses nested too deeply" };
+    }
+    cur.pos++;
+    cur.depth++;
+    const inner = parseTerm(cur, true);
+    cur.depth--;
+    if (!inner.ok) return inner;
+    return { ok: true, node: { kind: "group", term: inner.node } };
+  }
+  if (cc === 123) {
+    const err = parseAnnotation(cur);
+    if (err) return err;
+    return { ok: true, node: { kind: "annotation" } };
+  }
+  if (isDigitCode(cc) && !s.startsWith("10*", cur.pos) && !s.startsWith("10^", cur.pos)) {
+    const start = cur.pos;
+    while (cur.pos < s.length && isDigitAt(s, cur.pos)) cur.pos++;
+    if (s.charCodeAt(cur.pos) === 123) {
+      const err = parseAnnotation(cur);
+      if (err) return err;
+    }
+    if (!atBoundary(s, cur.pos)) {
+      return { ok: false, reason: "a numeric factor must be followed by an operator" };
+    }
+    return { ok: true, node: { kind: "factor", value: Number(s.slice(start, cur.pos)) } };
+  }
+  return parseSimpleUnit(cur);
+}
+function parseTerm(cur, inParen) {
+  const factors = [];
+  let sign = 1;
+  if (cur.s[cur.pos] === "/") {
+    sign = -1;
+    cur.pos++;
+  }
+  const first = parseComponent(cur);
+  if (!first.ok) return first;
+  factors.push({ sign, node: first.node });
+  while (cur.pos < cur.s.length) {
+    const op = cur.s[cur.pos];
+    if (op !== "." && op !== "/") break;
+    cur.pos++;
+    const comp = parseComponent(cur);
+    if (!comp.ok) return comp;
+    factors.push({ sign: op === "/" ? -1 : 1, node: comp.node });
+  }
+  if (inParen) {
+    if (cur.s[cur.pos] !== ")") return { ok: false, reason: "unbalanced '(' \u2014 missing ')'" };
+    cur.pos++;
+  }
+  return { ok: true, node: { kind: "term", factors } };
+}
+function parseUcum(unit) {
+  if (unit.length === 0) return { ok: false, reason: "empty unit expression" };
+  const cur = { s: unit, pos: 0, depth: 0, essence: loadUcumEssence() };
+  const result = parseTerm(cur, false);
+  if (!result.ok) return result;
+  if (cur.pos !== unit.length) {
+    return { ok: false, reason: "unexpected trailing input (missing operator?)" };
+  }
+  return { ok: true, node: result.node };
+}
+
+// src/ucum/reduce.ts
+function multiply(a, b) {
+  const dims = { ...a.dims };
+  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(b.dims)) {
+    const next = (dims[k] ?? 0) + v;
+    if (next === 0) delete dims[k];
+    else dims[k] = next;
+  }
+  return { kind: "linear", factor: a.factor * b.factor, dims };
+}
+function power(r, p) {
+  if (p === 1) return r;
+  const dims = {};
+  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(r.dims)) {
+    const e = v * p;
+    if (e !== 0) dims[k] = e;
+  }
+  return { kind: "linear", factor: Math.pow(r.factor, p), dims };
+}
+var DIMENSIONLESS = { kind: "linear", factor: 1, dims: {} };
+var atomMemo = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+var inProgress = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+function reduceAtomLinear(atom) {
+  if (atom.base) return { kind: "linear", factor: 1, dims: { [atom.dim ?? atom.code]: 1 } };
+  if (atom.arbitrary) return { kind: "linear", factor: 1, dims: { [`arb:${atom.code}`]: 1 } };
+  const cached2 = atomMemo.get(atom.code);
+  if (cached2) return cached2;
+  if (inProgress.has(atom.code)) {
+    throw new Error(`cyclic UCUM atom definition for '${atom.code}'`);
+  }
+  if (!atom.value) {
+    atomMemo.set(atom.code, DIMENSIONLESS);
+    return DIMENSIONLESS;
+  }
+  inProgress.add(atom.code);
+  const parsed = parseUcum(atom.value.unit);
+  if (!parsed.ok) {
+    inProgress.delete(atom.code);
+    throw new Error(`unparseable UCUM essence definition for '${atom.code}'`);
+  }
+  const reduced = linearReduceTerm(parsed.node);
+  const result = multiply({ factor: atom.value.factor, dims: {} }, reduced);
+  inProgress.delete(atom.code);
+  atomMemo.set(atom.code, result);
+  return result;
+}
+function reduceSimpleLinear(node) {
+  const base = reduceAtomLinear(node.atom);
+  const prefixed = node.prefix ? { kind: "linear", factor: base.factor * node.prefix.factor, dims: base.dims } : base;
+  return power(prefixed, node.exponent);
+}
+function linearReduceComponent(comp) {
+  switch (comp.kind) {
+    case "factor":
+      return { kind: "linear", factor: comp.value, dims: {} };
+    case "annotation":
+      return DIMENSIONLESS;
+    case "group":
+      return linearReduceTerm(comp.term);
+    case "simple":
+      return reduceSimpleLinear(comp);
+  }
+}
+function linearReduceTerm(node) {
+  let acc = DIMENSIONLESS;
+  for (const { sign, node: comp } of node.factors) {
+    acc = multiply(acc, power(linearReduceComponent(comp), sign));
+  }
+  return acc;
+}
+function containsSpecial(node) {
+  return node.factors.some(({ node: comp }) => {
+    if (comp.kind === "simple") return comp.atom.special;
+    if (comp.kind === "group") return containsSpecial(comp.term);
+    return false;
+  });
+}
+function serializeSpecial(node) {
+  const tokens = [];
+  const walk = (t, outerSign) => {
+    for (const { sign, node: comp } of t.factors) {
+      const s = sign * outerSign;
+      if (comp.kind === "simple") {
+        const net = comp.exponent * s;
+        tokens.push(`${comp.prefix?.code ?? ""}${comp.atom.code}${net === 1 ? "" : String(net)}`);
+      } else if (comp.kind === "factor") {
+        tokens.push(`#${String(comp.value)}${s === 1 ? "" : `^${String(s)}`}`);
+      } else if (comp.kind === "group") {
+        walk(comp.term, s);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+  walk(node, 1);
+  return tokens.sort().join(".");
+}
+function reduce(node) {
+  if (containsSpecial(node)) return { kind: "special", form: serializeSpecial(node) };
+  return linearReduceTerm(node);
+}
+
+// src/ucum/validate.ts
+function roundFactor(x) {
+  return String(Number(x.toPrecision(12)));
+}
+function canonicalOf(r) {
+  if (r.kind === "special") return `special:${r.form}`;
+  const keys = Object.keys(r.dims).sort();
+  const dims = keys.length === 0 ? "1" : keys.map((k) => `${k}${String(r.dims[k])}`).join(".");
+  return `${roundFactor(r.factor)} ${dims}`;
+}
+function validateUcum(unit) {
+  const parsed = parseUcum(unit);
+  if (!parsed.ok) return { valid: false, code: "TERM_UCUM_INVALID", reason: parsed.reason };
+  return { valid: true, canonical: canonicalOf(reduce(parsed.node)) };
+}
+function ucumEqual(a, b) {
+  const va = validateUcum(a);
+  const vb = validateUcum(b);
+  return va.valid && vb.valid && va.canonical === vb.canonical;
+}
+
+// src/crosswalk/gems.ts
+var NO_DX = "NoDx";
+var NO_PCS = "NoPCS";
+function isNoMapSentinel(target) {
+  return target === NO_DX || target === NO_PCS;
+}
+function decodeFlags(raw) {
+  if (!/^[0-9]{5}$/.test(raw)) return void 0;
+  return Object.freeze({
+    approximate: raw[0] === "1",
+    noMap: raw[1] === "1",
+    combination: raw[2] === "1",
+    scenario: Number(raw[3]),
+    choiceList: Number(raw[4]),
+    raw
+  });
+}
+function loadGems(source) {
+  const entries = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  const warnings = [];
+  let count = 0;
+  const lines = source.content.split(/\r?\n/);
+  for (let i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+    const raw = lines[i];
+    if (raw === void 0) continue;
+    const trimmed = raw.trim();
+    if (trimmed === "") continue;
+    const fields = trimmed.split(/\s+/);
+    if (fields.length !== 3) {
+      warnings.push({
+        code: "TERM_GEM_MALFORMED_ROW",
+        line: i + 1,
+        detail: `expected 3 whitespace-delimited fields, found ${String(fields.length)}`
+      });
+      continue;
+    }
+    const [src, tgt, flagStr] = fields;
+    const flags = decodeFlags(flagStr);
+    if (flags === void 0) {
+      warnings.push({
+        code: "TERM_GEM_MALFORMED_ROW",
+        line: i + 1,
+        detail: "flag field is not a 5-digit code"
+      });
+      continue;
+    }
+    const entry = { source: src, flags };
+    if (!isNoMapSentinel(tgt)) entry.target = tgt;
+    const frozen = Object.freeze(entry);
+    const list = entries.get(src);
+    if (list) list.push(frozen);
+    else entries.set(src, [frozen]);
+    count++;
+  }
+  return Object.freeze({
+    direction: source.direction,
+    ...source.version !== void 0 ? { version: source.version } : {},
+    count,
+    entries,
+    warnings: Object.freeze(warnings)
+  });
+}
+function buildCombinations(entries) {
+  const combo = entries.filter((e) => e.flags.combination && e.target !== void 0);
+  if (combo.length === 0) return void 0;
+  const scenarioNums = [];
+  const byScenario = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  for (const e of combo) {
+    const s = e.flags.scenario;
+    let lists = byScenario.get(s);
+    if (!lists) {
+      lists = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+      byScenario.set(s, lists);
+      scenarioNums.push(s);
+    }
+    const cl = e.flags.choiceList;
+    const targets = lists.get(cl);
+    if (targets) targets.push(e.target);
+    else lists.set(cl, [e.target]);
+  }
+  const scenarios = [];
+  for (const s of scenarioNums.sort((a, b) => a - b)) {
+    const lists = byScenario.get(s);
+    const choiceLists = [];
+    for (const cl of [...lists.keys()].sort((a, b) => a - b)) {
+      choiceLists.push(
+        Object.freeze({ choiceList: cl, targets: Object.freeze(lists.get(cl)) })
+      );
+    }
+    scenarios.push(Object.freeze({ scenario: s, choiceLists: Object.freeze(choiceLists) }));
+  }
+  return Object.freeze(scenarios);
+}
+function applyGem(map, source) {
+  const all = map.entries.get(source);
+  if (all === void 0 || all.length === 0) {
+    const unmapped = Object.freeze({
+      mapped: false,
+      noMap: false,
+      code: "TERM_CROSSWALK_UNMAPPED",
+      source
+    });
+    return unmapped;
+  }
+  const realTargets = all.filter((e) => e.target !== void 0);
+  if (realTargets.length === 0) {
+    const noMap = Object.freeze({
+      mapped: false,
+      noMap: true,
+      code: "TERM_CROSSWALK_NO_MAP",
+      source,
+      entries: Object.freeze([...all])
+    });
+    return noMap;
+  }
+  const combinations = buildCombinations(realTargets);
+  const matched = {
+    mapped: true,
+    source,
+    direction: map.direction,
+    entries: Object.freeze([...realTargets])
+  };
+  if (combinations !== void 0) matched.combinations = combinations;
+  return Object.freeze(matched);
+}
+function invertGem(map) {
+  throw new TerminologyError(
+    FATAL_CODES.TERM_MAP_NOT_INVERTIBLE,
+    `GEM map (direction ${map.direction}) cannot be inverted \u2014 load the reverse GEM file instead`
+  );
+}
+
+// src/crosswalk/categories.ts
+var MAP_CATEGORIES = {
+  /** `447637006` — "Map source concept is properly classified" (a normal, usable target). */
+  PROPERLY_CLASSIFIED: "447637006",
+  /** `447638001` — "Map source concept cannot be classified with available data" — a **No-Map**. */
+  NO_MAP: "447638001",
+  /** `447639009` — "Map of source concept is context dependent" (needs runtime patient context). */
+  CONTEXT_DEPENDENT: "447639009",
+  /** `447640006` — "Source concept is ambiguous" — surface candidates, never pick one. */
+  AMBIGUOUS: "447640006"
+};
+var NO_MAP_CATEGORIES = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([MAP_CATEGORIES.NO_MAP]);
+var ICD10CM_SYSTEM = "http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10-cm";
+var ICD9CM_SYSTEM = "http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-9-cm";
+var SNOMEDCT_SYSTEM = "http://snomed.info/sct";
+
+// src/crosswalk/complex-map.ts
+var SNOMED_FEMALE = "248152002";
+var SNOMED_MALE = "248153007";
+function freezeEntry(e) {
+  const out = {
+    source: e.source,
+    group: e.group,
+    priority: e.priority,
+    rule: e.rule,
+    advice: e.advice
+  };
+  if (e.target !== void 0 && e.target !== "") out.target = e.target;
+  if (e.category !== void 0 && e.category !== "") out.category = e.category;
+  if (e.correlation !== void 0 && e.correlation !== "") out.correlation = e.correlation;
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+function parseRf2(content) {
+  const rows = [];
+  const warnings = [];
+  const lines = content.split(/\r?\n/);
+  if (lines.length === 0 || lines[0] === void 0 || lines[0].trim() === "") {
+    throw new TerminologyError(
+      FATAL_CODES.TERM_CROSSWALK_MALFORMED,
+      "complex-map RF2: empty content (no header row)"
+    );
+  }
+  const header = lines[0].split("	").map((h) => h.trim());
+  const col = (name) => header.indexOf(name);
+  const iActive = col("active");
+  const iSource = col("referencedComponentId");
+  const iGroup = col("mapGroup");
+  const iPriority = col("mapPriority");
+  const iRule = col("mapRule");
+  const iAdvice = col("mapAdvice");
+  const iTarget = col("mapTarget");
+  const iCorr = col("correlationId");
+  const iCat = col("mapCategoryId");
+  if (iSource < 0 || iGroup < 0 || iPriority < 0) {
+    throw new TerminologyError(
+      FATAL_CODES.TERM_CROSSWALK_MALFORMED,
+      "complex-map RF2: header is missing a required column (referencedComponentId/mapGroup/mapPriority)"
+    );
+  }
+  const at = (fields, i) => i >= 0 && i < fields.length ? fields[i] ?? "" : "";
+  for (let i = 1; i < lines.length; i++) {
+    const raw = lines[i];
+    if (raw === void 0 || raw === "") continue;
+    const f = raw.split("	");
+    if (iActive >= 0 && at(f, iActive) === "0") continue;
+    const source = at(f, iSource);
+    const groupN = Number(at(f, iGroup));
+    const priorityN = Number(at(f, iPriority));
+    if (source === "" || !Number.isFinite(groupN) || !Number.isFinite(priorityN)) {
+      warnings.push({
+        code: "TERM_COMPLEX_MAP_MALFORMED_ROW",
+        line: i + 1,
+        detail: "row is missing referencedComponentId / mapGroup / mapPriority"
+      });
+      continue;
+    }
+    rows.push({
+      source,
+      group: groupN,
+      priority: priorityN,
+      rule: at(f, iRule),
+      advice: at(f, iAdvice),
+      target: at(f, iTarget),
+      category: at(f, iCat),
+      correlation: at(f, iCorr)
+    });
+  }
+  return { rows, warnings };
+}
+function loadComplexMap(input) {
+  let rawRows;
+  let warnings;
+  if (input.format === "rf2") {
+    const parsed = parseRf2(input.content);
+    rawRows = parsed.rows;
+    warnings = Object.freeze(parsed.warnings);
+  } else {
+    rawRows = input.rows;
+    warnings = Object.freeze([]);
+  }
+  const bySource = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  for (const r of rawRows) {
+    const e = freezeEntry(r);
+    const list = bySource.get(e.source);
+    if (list) list.push(e);
+    else bySource.set(e.source, [e]);
+  }
+  const entries = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  let count = 0;
+  for (const [src, list] of bySource) {
+    const sorted = [...list].sort((a, b) => a.group - b.group || a.priority - b.priority);
+    entries.set(src, Object.freeze(sorted));
+    count += sorted.length;
+  }
+  const out = {
+    count,
+    entries,
+    warnings
+  };
+  if (input.version !== void 0) out.version = input.version;
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+function evaluateConjunct(clause, context) {
+  const trimmed = clause.trim();
+  if (!/^IFA\b/i.test(trimmed)) return "unknown";
+  if (trimmed.includes(SNOMED_FEMALE)) {
+    if (context.gender === void 0) return "unknown";
+    return context.gender === "female" ? "match" : "no-match";
+  }
+  if (trimmed.includes(SNOMED_MALE)) {
+    if (context.gender === void 0) return "unknown";
+    return context.gender === "male" ? "match" : "no-match";
+  }
+  const ageMatch = /(<=|>=|<|>|=)\s*([0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)?)\s*year/i.exec(trimmed);
+  if (ageMatch) {
+    const op = ageMatch[1];
+    const bound = Number(ageMatch[2]);
+    if (context.ageYears === void 0 || !Number.isFinite(bound)) return "unknown";
+    const age = context.ageYears;
+    const ok = op === "<=" ? age <= bound : op === ">=" ? age >= bound : op === "<" ? age < bound : op === ">" ? age > bound : op === "=" ? age === bound : void 0;
+    if (ok === void 0) return "unknown";
+    return ok ? "match" : "no-match";
+  }
+  return "unknown";
+}
+function evaluateRule(rule, context) {
+  const trimmed = rule.trim();
+  if (/^(OTHERWISE\s+)?TRUE$/.test(trimmed)) return "match";
+  const conjuncts = trimmed.split(/\s+AND\s+(?=IFA\b)/);
+  let sawUnknown = false;
+  for (const c of conjuncts) {
+    const m = evaluateConjunct(c, context);
+    if (m === "no-match") return "no-match";
+    if (m === "unknown") sawUnknown = true;
+  }
+  return sawUnknown ? "unknown" : "match";
+}
+function isNoMap(e) {
+  return e.category === MAP_CATEGORIES.NO_MAP || e.target === void 0;
+}
+function resolveGroup(group, rules, context) {
+  for (const entry of rules) {
+    const m = evaluateRule(entry.rule, context);
+    if (m === "no-match") continue;
+    if (m === "unknown") {
+      return Object.freeze({
+        outcome: "context-required",
+        code: "TERM_CROSSWALK_CONTEXT_REQUIRED",
+        group,
+        rules
+      });
+    }
+    if (isNoMap(entry)) {
+      const noMap = {
+        outcome: "no-map",
+        code: "TERM_CROSSWALK_NO_MAP",
+        group,
+        advice: entry.advice
+      };
+      if (entry.category !== void 0) noMap.category = entry.category;
+      return Object.freeze(noMap);
+    }
+    const target = coding({ system: ICD10CM_SYSTEM, code: entry.target });
+    const resolved = {
+      outcome: "resolved",
+      group,
+      target,
+      advice: entry.advice,
+      rule: entry.rule
+    };
+    if (entry.category !== void 0) resolved.category = entry.category;
+    return Object.freeze(resolved);
+  }
+  return Object.freeze({
+    outcome: "context-required",
+    code: "TERM_CROSSWALK_CONTEXT_REQUIRED",
+    group,
+    rules
+  });
+}
+function applyComplexMap(map, source, context = {}) {
+  const rows = map.entries.get(source);
+  if (rows === void 0 || rows.length === 0) {
+    const unmapped = Object.freeze({
+      mapped: false,
+      noMap: false,
+      code: "TERM_CROSSWALK_UNMAPPED",
+      source
+    });
+    return unmapped;
+  }
+  const groupNumbers = [];
+  const byGroup = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  for (const r of rows) {
+    const list = byGroup.get(r.group);
+    if (list) list.push(r);
+    else {
+      byGroup.set(r.group, [r]);
+      groupNumbers.push(r.group);
+    }
+  }
+  const groups = [];
+  for (const g of groupNumbers) {
+    const rules = Object.freeze(byGroup.get(g));
+    groups.push(resolveGroup(g, rules, context));
+  }
+  const matched = Object.freeze({
+    mapped: true,
+    source,
+    groups: Object.freeze(groups)
+  });
+  return matched;
+}
+var COMPLEX_MAP_SOURCE_SYSTEM = SNOMEDCT_SYSTEM;
+
+// src/rxnorm/tty.ts
+var TERM_TYPES = Object.freeze({
+  IN: "Ingredient",
+  PIN: "Precise Ingredient",
+  MIN: "Multiple Ingredients",
+  BN: "Brand Name",
+  SCDC: "Semantic Clinical Drug Component",
+  SBDC: "Semantic Branded Drug Component",
+  SCD: "Semantic Clinical Drug",
+  SBD: "Semantic Branded Drug",
+  SCDG: "Semantic Clinical Drug Group",
+  SBDG: "Semantic Branded Drug Group",
+  GPCK: "Generic Pack",
+  BPCK: "Branded Pack",
+  DF: "Dose Form",
+  DFG: "Dose Form Group",
+  PSN: "Prescribable Name",
+  SY: "Synonym",
+  TMSY: "Tall Man Lettering Synonym",
+  ET: "Entry Term"
+});
+var KNOWN = new Set(Object.keys(TERM_TYPES));
+function asTermType(tty) {
+  return KNOWN.has(tty) ? tty : void 0;
+}
+
+// src/rxnorm/load.ts
+var SAB_RXNORM = "RXNORM";
+var ATN_NDC = "NDC";
+var CONSO = { RXCUI: 0, SAB: 11, TTY: 12, STR: 14, SUPPRESS: 16 };
+var REL = { RXCUI1: 0, RXCUI2: 4, RELA: 7 };
+var SAT = { RXCUI: 0, ATN: 8, ATV: 10 };
+function cell2(cells, index) {
+  const v = cells[index];
+  return v === void 0 ? void 0 : v.trim();
+}
+function parseConso(content, warnings) {
+  const concepts = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  const lines = content.split(/\r?\n/);
+  for (let i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+    const raw = lines[i] ?? "";
+    if (raw === "") continue;
+    const cells = parseRrfLine(raw);
+    if (cells.length <= CONSO.STR) {
+      warnings.push(
+        Object.freeze({
+          code: "TERM_RXNORM_MALFORMED_ROW",
+          file: "RXNCONSO",
+          line: i + 1,
+          detail: `row has ${String(cells.length)} columns, need at least ${String(CONSO.STR + 1)}`
+        })
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (cell2(cells, CONSO.SAB) !== SAB_RXNORM) continue;
+    const tty = asTermType(cell2(cells, CONSO.TTY) ?? "");
+    if (tty === void 0) continue;
+    const rxcui = cell2(cells, CONSO.RXCUI);
+    if (rxcui === void 0 || rxcui === "") {
+      warnings.push(
+        Object.freeze({
+          code: "TERM_RXNORM_MALFORMED_ROW",
+          file: "RXNCONSO",
+          line: i + 1,
+          detail: "row is missing its RXCUI"
+        })
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (concepts.has(rxcui)) continue;
+    const name = cell2(cells, CONSO.STR) ?? "";
+    const suppress = cell2(cells, CONSO.SUPPRESS) ?? "N";
+    concepts.set(
+      rxcui,
+      Object.freeze({ rxcui, tty, name, suppressed: suppress !== "" && suppress !== "N" })
+    );
+  }
+  return concepts;
+}
+function parseRel(content, warnings) {
+  const edges = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  let edgeCount = 0;
+  const lines = content.split(/\r?\n/);
+  for (let i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+    const raw = lines[i] ?? "";
+    if (raw === "") continue;
+    const cells = parseRrfLine(raw);
+    if (cells.length <= REL.RELA) {
+      warnings.push(
+        Object.freeze({
+          code: "TERM_RXNORM_MALFORMED_ROW",
+          file: "RXNREL",
+          line: i + 1,
+          detail: `row has ${String(cells.length)} columns, need at least ${String(REL.RELA + 1)}`
+        })
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+    const rela = cell2(cells, REL.RELA);
+    const rxcui1 = cell2(cells, REL.RXCUI1);
+    const rxcui2 = cell2(cells, REL.RXCUI2);
+    if (rela === void 0 || rela === "") continue;
+    if (rxcui1 === void 0 || rxcui1 === "" || rxcui2 === void 0 || rxcui2 === "") continue;
+    const edge = Object.freeze({ subject: rxcui2, predicate: rela, object: rxcui1 });
+    const list = edges.get(rxcui2);
+    if (list) list.push(edge);
+    else edges.set(rxcui2, [edge]);
+    edgeCount++;
+  }
+  return { edges, edgeCount };
+}
+function parseNdcs(content, warnings) {
+  const ndcs = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  const lines = content.split(/\r?\n/);
+  for (let i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+    const raw = lines[i] ?? "";
+    if (raw === "") continue;
+    const cells = parseRrfLine(raw);
+    if (cells.length <= SAT.ATV) {
+      warnings.push(
+        Object.freeze({
+          code: "TERM_RXNORM_MALFORMED_ROW",
+          file: "RXNSAT",
+          line: i + 1,
+          detail: `row has ${String(cells.length)} columns, need at least ${String(SAT.ATV + 1)}`
+        })
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (cell2(cells, SAT.ATN) !== ATN_NDC) continue;
+    const ndc = cell2(cells, SAT.ATV);
+    const rxcui = cell2(cells, SAT.RXCUI);
+    if (ndc === void 0 || ndc === "" || rxcui === void 0 || rxcui === "") {
+      warnings.push(
+        Object.freeze({
+          code: "TERM_RXNORM_MALFORMED_ROW",
+          file: "RXNSAT",
+          line: i + 1,
+          detail: "NDC attribute row is missing its RXCUI or NDC value"
+        })
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!ndcs.has(ndc)) ndcs.set(ndc, Object.freeze({ rxcui, status: "active" }));
+  }
+  return ndcs;
+}
+function loadRxNormGraph(source) {
+  const warnings = [];
+  const concepts = parseConso(source.conso, warnings);
+  const { edges, edgeCount } = parseRel(source.rel, warnings);
+  const ndcs = source.sat !== void 0 ? parseNdcs(source.sat, warnings) : /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  for (const list of edges.values()) Object.freeze(list);
+  const out = {
+    concepts,
+    edges,
+    ndcs,
+    conceptCount: concepts.size,
+    edgeCount,
+    warnings: Object.freeze(warnings)
+  };
+  if (source.version !== void 0) out.version = source.version;
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+
+// src/rxnorm/rela.ts
+var RELA = {
+  /** `has_ingredient` — subject (a drug/component) *has ingredient* object (an `IN`/`PIN`). */
+  HAS_INGREDIENT: "has_ingredient",
+  /** `ingredient_of` — subject (an `IN`/`PIN`) *is an ingredient of* object (a drug/component). */
+  INGREDIENT_OF: "ingredient_of",
+  /** `has_precise_ingredient` — subject *has precise ingredient* object (a `PIN`). */
+  HAS_PRECISE_INGREDIENT: "has_precise_ingredient",
+  /** `precise_ingredient_of` — inverse of `has_precise_ingredient`. */
+  PRECISE_INGREDIENT_OF: "precise_ingredient_of",
+  /** `tradename_of` — subject (a branded concept) *is a tradename of* object (its generic). */
+  TRADENAME_OF: "tradename_of",
+  /** `has_tradename` — subject (a generic concept) *has tradename* object (a branded concept). */
+  HAS_TRADENAME: "has_tradename",
+  /** `has_dose_form` — subject (a drug) *has dose form* object (a `DF`). */
+  HAS_DOSE_FORM: "has_dose_form",
+  /** `dose_form_of` — subject (a `DF`) *is the dose form of* object (a drug). */
+  DOSE_FORM_OF: "dose_form_of",
+  /** `has_doseformgroup` — subject *has dose-form group* object (a `DFG`). */
+  HAS_DOSE_FORM_GROUP: "has_doseformgroup",
+  /** `doseformgroup_of` — inverse of `has_doseformgroup`. */
+  DOSE_FORM_GROUP_OF: "doseformgroup_of",
+  /** `consists_of` — subject (an `SCD`/`SBD`) *consists of* object (its `SCDC`/`SBDC` component(s)). */
+  CONSISTS_OF: "consists_of",
+  /** `constitutes` — subject (a component) *constitutes* object (the drug). Inverse of `consists_of`. */
+  CONSTITUTES: "constitutes",
+  /** `contains` — subject (a pack) *contains* object (a member drug). */
+  CONTAINS: "contains",
+  /** `contained_in` — subject (a drug) *is contained in* object (a pack). Inverse of `contains`. */
+  CONTAINED_IN: "contained_in",
+  /** `has_quantified_form` — subject *has quantified form* object. */
+  HAS_QUANTIFIED_FORM: "has_quantified_form",
+  /** `quantified_form_of` — inverse of `has_quantified_form`. */
+  QUANTIFIED_FORM_OF: "quantified_form_of",
+  /** `isa` — subject *is a* object (hierarchical, e.g. `SCD isa SCDG`). */
+  ISA: "isa",
+  /** `inverse_isa` — subject *is a parent of* object. Inverse of `isa`. */
+  INVERSE_ISA: "inverse_isa"
+};
+var RELA_INVERSE = Object.freeze({
+  [RELA.HAS_INGREDIENT]: RELA.INGREDIENT_OF,
+  [RELA.INGREDIENT_OF]: RELA.HAS_INGREDIENT,
+  [RELA.HAS_PRECISE_INGREDIENT]: RELA.PRECISE_INGREDIENT_OF,
+  [RELA.PRECISE_INGREDIENT_OF]: RELA.HAS_PRECISE_INGREDIENT,
+  [RELA.TRADENAME_OF]: RELA.HAS_TRADENAME,
+  [RELA.HAS_TRADENAME]: RELA.TRADENAME_OF,
+  [RELA.HAS_DOSE_FORM]: RELA.DOSE_FORM_OF,
+  [RELA.DOSE_FORM_OF]: RELA.HAS_DOSE_FORM,
+  [RELA.HAS_DOSE_FORM_GROUP]: RELA.DOSE_FORM_GROUP_OF,
+  [RELA.DOSE_FORM_GROUP_OF]: RELA.HAS_DOSE_FORM_GROUP,
+  [RELA.CONSISTS_OF]: RELA.CONSTITUTES,
+  [RELA.CONSTITUTES]: RELA.CONSISTS_OF,
+  [RELA.CONTAINS]: RELA.CONTAINED_IN,
+  [RELA.CONTAINED_IN]: RELA.CONTAINS,
+  [RELA.HAS_QUANTIFIED_FORM]: RELA.QUANTIFIED_FORM_OF,
+  [RELA.QUANTIFIED_FORM_OF]: RELA.HAS_QUANTIFIED_FORM,
+  [RELA.ISA]: RELA.INVERSE_ISA,
+  [RELA.INVERSE_ISA]: RELA.ISA
+});
+var RXNORM_SYSTEM = "http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm";
+
+// src/rxnorm/navigate.ts
+function getConcept(graph, rxcui) {
+  return graph.concepts.get(rxcui);
+}
+function follow(graph, rxcui, predicates) {
+  if (!graph.concepts.has(rxcui)) {
+    return Object.freeze({ found: false, code: "TERM_RXNORM_UNKNOWN_RXCUI", rxcui });
+  }
+  const out = [];
+  const seen = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+  for (const edge of graph.edges.get(rxcui) ?? []) {
+    if (!predicates.has(edge.predicate)) continue;
+    if (seen.has(edge.object)) continue;
+    const target = graph.concepts.get(edge.object);
+    if (target !== void 0) {
+      out.push(target);
+      seen.add(edge.object);
+    }
+  }
+  return Object.freeze({
+    found: true,
+    rxcui,
+    predicates: Object.freeze([...predicates]),
+    targets: Object.freeze(out)
+  });
+}
+function relatedByRela(graph, rxcui, predicate) {
+  const set = new Set(typeof predicate === "string" ? [predicate] : predicate);
+  return follow(graph, rxcui, set);
+}
+function ingredientsOf(graph, rxcui) {
+  return follow(graph, rxcui, /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([RELA.HAS_INGREDIENT, RELA.HAS_PRECISE_INGREDIENT]));
+}
+function genericFor(graph, rxcui) {
+  return follow(graph, rxcui, /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([RELA.TRADENAME_OF]));
+}
+function brandsFor(graph, rxcui) {
+  return follow(graph, rxcui, /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([RELA.HAS_TRADENAME]));
+}
+function doseFormsOf(graph, rxcui) {
+  return follow(graph, rxcui, /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([RELA.HAS_DOSE_FORM, RELA.HAS_DOSE_FORM_GROUP]));
+}
+function consistsOf(graph, rxcui) {
+  return follow(graph, rxcui, /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([RELA.CONSISTS_OF]));
+}
+function resolveNdc(graph, ndc) {
+  const hit = graph.ndcs.get(ndc);
+  if (hit === void 0) {
+    return Object.freeze({ resolved: false, code: "TERM_RXNORM_NDC_UNMAPPED", ndc });
+  }
+  const out = {
+    resolved: true,
+    ndc,
+    rxcui: hit.rxcui,
+    status: hit.status,
+    ...graph.version !== void 0 ? { asOf: graph.version } : {}
+  };
+  return Object.freeze(out);
+}
+function tokenize(name) {
+  return new Set(
+    name.toLowerCase().split(/[^a-z0-9]+/).filter((t) => t !== "")
+  );
+}
+function jaccard(a, b) {
+  if (a.size === 0 || b.size === 0) return 0;
+  let inter = 0;
+  for (const t of a) if (b.has(t)) inter++;
+  const union = a.size + b.size - inter;
+  return union === 0 ? 0 : inter / union;
+}
+function approximateMatch(graph, query, options = {}) {
+  const minScore = options.minScore ?? 0.34;
+  const limit = options.limit ?? 20;
+  const q = tokenize(query);
+  if (q.size === 0) return Object.freeze([]);
+  const scored = [];
+  for (const concept of graph.concepts.values()) {
+    const score = jaccard(q, tokenize(concept.name));
+    if (score >= minScore) scored.push(Object.freeze({ approximate: true, concept, score }));
+  }
+  scored.sort((a, b) => b.score - a.score || a.concept.rxcui.localeCompare(b.concept.rxcui));
+  return Object.freeze(scored.slice(0, limit));
+}
+
+// src/index.ts
+var VERSION = "0.0.0";
+
+export { COMPLEX_MAP_SOURCE_SYSTEM, DIAGNOSTIC_CODES, FATAL_CODES, HL7_V2_OID_ROOT, HL7_V2_URL_PREFIX, ICD10CM_ORDER_FILE_FIELDS, ICD10CM_SYSTEM, ICD9CM_SYSTEM, MAP_CATEGORIES, NO_MAP_CATEGORIES, RELA, RELA_INVERSE, RXNORM_SYSTEM, SNOMEDCT_SYSTEM, SYSTEM_IDENTITIES, TERM_TYPES, TerminologyError, VERSION, applyComplexMap, applyGem, approximateMatch, asTermType, brandsFor, buildSubsumption, codeableConcept, coding, consistsOf, defaultStatusMapper, doseFormsOf, expand, genericFor, getArray, getBoolean, getConcept, getNumber, getString, ingredientsOf, invertGem, isA, isJsonObject, isUnknownSystem, loadCodeSystem, loadComplexMap, loadConceptMap, loadGems, loadRxNormGraph, loadUcumEssence, loadValueSet, lookup, makeStatus, matchesFilter, parseCsv, parseCsvSource, parseFhirCodeSystem, parseFixedWidth, parseRrf, parseRrfLine, parseUcum, reduce, relatedByRela, resolveNdc, resolveSystem, sliceField, translate, ucumEqual, unsupportedOps, validateCode, validateCodeInValueSet, validateUcum };
+//# sourceMappingURL=index.mjs.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=index.mjs.map