@cortex-js/compute-engine 0.55.2 → 0.55.4

package/dist/compute-engine.umd.cjs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/** Compute Engine 0.55.2 */
+/** Compute Engine 0.55.4 */
     (function(global,factory){typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory(exports) : typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(['exports'],factory):(global = typeof globalThis !== 'undefined' ? globalThis : global || self, factory(global.ComputeEngine = {}));})(this, (function (exports) { 'use strict';
 var ComputeEngine = (() => {
   var __defProp = Object.defineProperty;
@@ -17227,6 +17227,10 @@ var ComputeEngine = (() => {
           parser.nextToken();
           continue;
         }
+        if (EMOJIS.test(id + token)) {
+          id += parser.nextToken();
+          continue;
+        }
         const next = parseSymbolToken(parser, { toplevel: false });
         if (next === null) return null;
         id += next;
@@ -17266,6 +17270,7 @@ var ComputeEngine = (() => {
   function matchPrefixedSymbol(parser) {
     const prefix = SYMBOL_PREFIX[parser.peek] ?? null;
     if (prefix === null) return null;
+    const start = parser.index;
     parser.nextToken();
     if (parser.match("<{>")) {
       let body = "";
@@ -17286,17 +17291,48 @@ var ComputeEngine = (() => {
         parser.nextToken();
       }
       body += parseSymbolBody(parser);
-      if (body === null || !parser.match("<}>")) return null;
+      if (body === null || !parser.match("<}>")) {
+        parser.index = start;
+        return null;
+      }
       if (prefix === "_upright" && body.length > 1) return body;
       return body + prefix;
     }
+    parser.index = start;
     return null;
   }
   function parseInvalidSymbol(parser) {
     const start = parser.index;
     const id = matchPrefixedSymbol(parser);
-    if (id === null || isValidSymbol(id)) return null;
-    return parser.error(["invalid-symbol", { str: validateSymbol(id) }], start);
+    if (id !== null) {
+      if (isValidSymbol(id)) return null;
+      return parser.error(["invalid-symbol", { str: validateSymbol(id) }], start);
+    }
+    parser.index = start;
+    const prefix = SYMBOL_PREFIX[parser.peek] ?? null;
+    if (prefix === null) return null;
+    parser.nextToken();
+    if (!parser.match("<{>")) {
+      parser.index = start;
+      return null;
+    }
+    const bodyStart = parser.index;
+    let level = 0;
+    while (!parser.atEnd && !(level === 0 && parser.peek === "<}>")) {
+      if (parser.peek === "<{>") level += 1;
+      if (parser.peek === "<}>") level -= 1;
+      parser.nextToken();
+    }
+    const bodyText = parser.latex(bodyStart, parser.index);
+    if (isValidSymbol(bodyText)) {
+      parser.index = start;
+      return null;
+    }
+    parser.match("<}>");
+    return parser.error(
+      ["invalid-symbol", { str: validateSymbol(bodyText) }],
+      start
+    );
   }
   function parseSymbol(parser) {
     if (/^[a-zA-Z]$/.test(parser.peek) || /^\p{XIDS}$/u.test(parser.peek)) {
@@ -18251,18 +18287,12 @@ var ComputeEngine = (() => {
             this.index = start;
             return false;
           }
-          const matchedToken = this.nextToken();
-          const useLatexCommand = matchedToken.startsWith("\\");
+          this.nextToken();
           if (hasBracedDelimiter && !this.match("<}>")) {
             this.index = start;
             return false;
           }
-          const closeTokens = DELIMITER_SHORTHAND2[close[0]] ?? [
-            close[0]
-          ];
-          const closeToken = closeTokens.find(
-            (t) => useLatexCommand ? t.startsWith("\\") : !t.startsWith("\\")
-          ) ?? closeTokens[0];
+          const closeToken = close[0];
           const closeBoundary3 = closePrefix ? hasBracedDelimiter ? [closePrefix, "<{>", closeToken, "<}>"] : [closePrefix, closeToken] : [closeToken];
           this.addBoundary(closeBoundary3);
           return true;
@@ -30759,8 +30789,7 @@ ${lines.join("\n")}`;
         broadcastable: true,
         idempotent: true,
         complexity: 1200,
-        signature: "(number) -> number",
-        type: ([x]) => x.type,
+        signature: "(number) -> real",
         sgn: ([x]) => {
           if (x.isSame(0)) return "zero";
           if (isNumber(x)) return "positive";
@@ -39658,30 +39687,6 @@ ${e.message}
     "#ae2036",
     "#b40426"
   ];
-  var OCEAN_BALANCE = [
-    "#00441b",
-    "#006d5b",
-    "#1a8c7d",
-    "#2fa394",
-    "#4fb3a3",
-    "#6fc1b3",
-    "#8dcfc3",
-    "#a6dbd1",
-    "#bfe6de",
-    "#d7f0ea",
-    "#f7f7f7",
-    "#eeeeee",
-    "#ddd8e6",
-    "#c7bcda",
-    "#b3a0d0",
-    "#9f86c7",
-    "#8d6dbd",
-    "#7b56b1",
-    "#6a42a3",
-    "#5a3093",
-    "#4a1f82",
-    "#3b0f70"
-  ];
   var reversePalette = (palette) => palette.slice().reverse();
   var DIVERGING_PALETTES = {
     roma: ROMA,
@@ -39693,9 +39698,7 @@ ${e.message}
     rdbu: RDBU,
     "rdbu-reversed": reversePalette(RDBU),
     coolwarm: COOLWARM,
-    "coolwarm-reversed": reversePalette(COOLWARM),
-    "ocean-balance": OCEAN_BALANCE,
-    "ocean-balance-reversed": reversePalette(OCEAN_BALANCE)
+    "coolwarm-reversed": reversePalette(COOLWARM)
   };
   var TURBO = [
     "#30123b",
@@ -41779,6 +41782,40 @@ ${e.message}
     "#eeeeee",
     "#ffffff"
   ];
+  var CMOCEAN_PHASE = [
+    "#a8780d",
+    "#b3701b",
+    "#be6828",
+    "#c75f35",
+    "#cf5643",
+    "#d54b53",
+    "#db4066",
+    "#de357b",
+    "#df2a93",
+    "#dc25ad",
+    "#d529c4",
+    "#cc34d7",
+    "#c041e5",
+    "#b24fef",
+    "#a25cf3",
+    "#9168f4",
+    "#7d73f0",
+    "#687ce8",
+    "#5285dc",
+    "#3d8bcd",
+    "#2c90bc",
+    "#2093ac",
+    "#19959c",
+    "#12978c",
+    "#0c987c",
+    "#119a69",
+    "#249a52",
+    "#409839",
+    "#5e9420",
+    "#778d12",
+    "#8b860d",
+    "#9b7f0d"
+  ];
   var reversePalette2 = (palette) => palette.slice().reverse();
   var SEQUENTIAL_PALETTES = {
     turbo: TURBO,
@@ -41802,7 +41839,9 @@ ${e.message}
     "rocket-reversed": reversePalette2(ROCKET),
     mako: MAKO,
     // blue to teal
-    "mako-reversed": reversePalette2(MAKO)
+    "mako-reversed": reversePalette2(MAKO),
+    "cmocean-phase": CMOCEAN_PHASE,
+    "cmocean-phase-reversed": reversePalette2(CMOCEAN_PHASE)
   };
 
   // src/compute-engine/library/colors.ts
@@ -54311,8 +54350,11 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
         for (const local of locals) {
           for (const arg of args) {
             if (isFunction2(arg, "Assign") && isSymbol2(arg.ops[0], local)) {
-              if (_BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(arg.ops[1])) {
+              const rhs = arg.ops[1];
+              if (_BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(rhs)) {
                 typeHints[local] = isWGSL ? "vec2f" : "vec2";
+              } else if (_BaseCompiler.isIntegerValued(rhs)) {
+                typeHints[local] = isWGSL ? "i32" : "int";
               }
               break;
             }
@@ -54517,12 +54559,9 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
     /**
      * Determine at compile time whether an expression produces a complex value.
      *
-     * Rules:
-     * - Numbers: complex if im !== 0
-     * - Symbols: ImaginaryUnit is complex; others use expr.isReal
-     *   (undefined is treated as real -- assume-real policy)
-     * - Functions: Abs, Arg, Re, Im always return real.
-     *   All others: complex if any operand is complex.
+     * Uses the expression's declared type (from operator signatures) when
+     * available. Falls back to operand inspection for functions whose
+     * return type is unknown.
      */
     static isComplexValued(expr2) {
       if (isNumber(expr2)) return expr2.im !== 0;
@@ -54533,13 +54572,24 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
         return t.matches("complex") && !t.matches("real");
       }
       if (isFunction2(expr2)) {
-        const op = expr2.operator;
-        if (op === "Abs" || op === "Arg" || op === "Re" || op === "Im")
-          return false;
+        const t = expr2.type;
+        if (t.matches("complex") && !t.matches("real")) return true;
+        if (t.matches("real")) return false;
         return expr2.ops.some((arg) => _BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(arg));
       }
       return false;
     }
+    /** True if the expression is provably integer-typed. */
+    static isIntegerValued(expr2) {
+      if (isNumber(expr2)) return expr2.im === 0 && Number.isInteger(expr2.re);
+      const t = expr2.type;
+      return t ? t.matches("integer") : false;
+    }
+    /** True if the expression is provably non-negative (sign ≥ 0). */
+    static isNonNegative(expr2) {
+      if (isNumber(expr2)) return expr2.im === 0 && expr2.re >= 0;
+      return expr2.isNonNegative === true;
+    }
     /**
      * Generate a temporary variable name
      */
@@ -54793,14 +54843,27 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
     } catch (e) {
       if (options?.fallback ?? true) {
         console.warn(
-          `Compilation fallback for "${expr2.operator}": ${e.message}`
+          `Compilation fallback for "${expr2.operator}" (target: ${options?.to ?? "javascript"}): ${e.message}`
         );
+        const ce = expr2.engine;
+        const fallbackRun = ((vars) => {
+          ce.pushScope();
+          try {
+            if (vars && typeof vars === "object") {
+              for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(vars))
+                ce.assign(k, v);
+            }
+            return expr2.evaluate().re;
+          } finally {
+            ce.popScope();
+          }
+        });
         return {
           target: options?.to ?? "javascript",
           success: false,
           code: "",
           calling: "expression",
-          run: applicableN1(expr2)
+          run: fallbackRun
         };
       }
       throw e;
@@ -59950,6 +60013,86 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
     for (const symbol2 of Object.values(commonSymbols)) symbol2?.reset();
   }
 
+  // src/compute-engine/compilation/constant-folding.ts
+  function formatFloat(n) {
+    const str = n.toString();
+    if (!str.includes(".") && !str.includes("e") && !str.includes("E")) {
+      return `${str}.0`;
+    }
+    return str;
+  }
+  function tryGetConstant(expr2) {
+    if (!isNumber(expr2)) return void 0;
+    if (expr2.im !== 0) return void 0;
+    const re = expr2.re;
+    if (!isFinite(re)) return void 0;
+    return re;
+  }
+  var NUMERIC_LITERAL_RE = /^-?\d+(\.\d+)?$/;
+  function foldTerms(terms, identity, op) {
+    const identityValue = op === "+" ? 0 : 1;
+    let numericAcc = null;
+    const symbolic = [];
+    for (const term of terms) {
+      if (NUMERIC_LITERAL_RE.test(term)) {
+        const val = parseFloat(term);
+        if (op === "*" && val === 0) return "0.0";
+        if (numericAcc === null) {
+          numericAcc = val;
+        } else {
+          numericAcc = op === "+" ? numericAcc + val : numericAcc * val;
+        }
+      } else {
+        symbolic.push(term);
+      }
+    }
+    if (numericAcc !== null && numericAcc !== identityValue) {
+      symbolic.unshift(formatFloat(numericAcc));
+    }
+    if (symbolic.length === 0) {
+      if (numericAcc !== null) return formatFloat(numericAcc);
+      return identity;
+    }
+    if (symbolic.length === 1) return symbolic[0];
+    return symbolic.join(op === "+" ? " + " : " * ");
+  }
+  function tryGetComplexParts(expr2, compile3) {
+    if (isSymbol2(expr2, "ImaginaryUnit")) {
+      return { re: null, im: "1.0" };
+    }
+    if (isNumber(expr2) && expr2.im !== 0) {
+      const re = expr2.re;
+      const im = expr2.im;
+      return {
+        re: re !== 0 ? formatFloat(re) : null,
+        im: formatFloat(im)
+      };
+    }
+    if (isFunction2(expr2, "Multiply")) {
+      const ops = expr2.ops;
+      const iIndex = ops.findIndex(
+        (op) => isSymbol2(op, "ImaginaryUnit") || isNumber(op) && op.re === 0 && op.im !== 0
+      );
+      if (iIndex >= 0) {
+        const iFactor = ops[iIndex];
+        const iScale = isSymbol2(iFactor, "ImaginaryUnit") ? 1 : iFactor.im;
+        const remaining = ops.filter((_, idx) => idx !== iIndex);
+        if (remaining.length === 0) {
+          return { re: null, im: formatFloat(iScale) };
+        }
+        const compiledFactors = remaining.map((r) => compile3(r));
+        if (iScale !== 1)
+          compiledFactors.unshift(formatFloat(iScale));
+        const imCode = foldTerms(compiledFactors, "1.0", "*");
+        return { re: null, im: imCode };
+      }
+    }
+    if (BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(expr2)) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return { re: compile3(expr2), im: null };
+  }
+
   // src/compute-engine/compilation/javascript-target.ts
   var JAVASCRIPT_OPERATORS = {
     Add: ["+", 11],
@@ -59973,12 +60116,21 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
     Abs: (args, compile3) => {
       if (BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[0]))
         return `_SYS.cabs(${compile3(args[0])})`;
+      if (BaseCompiler.isNonNegative(args[0])) return compile3(args[0]);
       return `Math.abs(${compile3(args[0])})`;
     },
     Add: (args, compile3) => {
       if (args.length === 1) return compile3(args[0]);
       const anyComplex = args.some((a) => BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(a));
-      if (!anyComplex) return `(${args.map((x) => compile3(x)).join(" + ")})`;
+      if (!anyComplex) {
+        const constants = args.map(tryGetConstant);
+        if (constants.every((c) => c !== void 0))
+          return String(constants.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0));
+        const nonZero = args.filter((a) => tryGetConstant(a) !== 0);
+        if (nonZero.length === 0) return "0";
+        if (nonZero.length === 1) return compile3(nonZero[0]);
+        return `(${nonZero.map((x) => compile3(x)).join(" + ")})`;
+      }
       const parts = args.map((a) => {
         const code = compile3(a);
         return { code, isComplex: BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(a) };
@@ -60035,7 +60187,10 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
       return `Math.atan(${compile3(args[0])})`;
     },
     Artanh: "Math.atanh",
-    Ceil: "Math.ceil",
+    Ceil: (args, compile3) => {
+      if (BaseCompiler.isIntegerValued(args[0])) return compile3(args[0]);
+      return `Math.ceil(${compile3(args[0])})`;
+    },
     Chop: "_SYS.chop",
     Cos: (args, compile3) => {
       if (BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[0]))
@@ -60078,7 +60233,10 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
         return `_SYS.cexp(${compile3(args[0])})`;
       return `Math.exp(${compile3(args[0])})`;
     },
-    Floor: "Math.floor",
+    Floor: (args, compile3) => {
+      if (BaseCompiler.isIntegerValued(args[0])) return compile3(args[0]);
+      return `Math.floor(${compile3(args[0])})`;
+    },
     Fract: ([x], compile3) => {
       if (x === null) throw new Error("Fract: no argument");
       return BaseCompiler.inlineExpression("${x} - Math.floor(${x})", compile3(x));
@@ -60174,12 +60332,20 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
       if (BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(base) || BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(exp3)) {
         return `_SYS.cpow(${compile3(base)}, ${compile3(exp3)})`;
       }
-      const expVal = exp3.re;
-      if (expVal === 0.5) return `Math.sqrt(${compile3(base)})`;
-      if (expVal === 1 / 3) return `Math.cbrt(${compile3(base)})`;
-      if (expVal === 1) return compile3(base);
-      if (expVal === -1) return `(1 / (${compile3(base)}))`;
-      if (expVal === -0.5) return `(1 / Math.sqrt(${compile3(base)}))`;
+      const bConst = tryGetConstant(base);
+      const eConst = tryGetConstant(exp3);
+      if (bConst !== void 0 && eConst !== void 0)
+        return String(Math.pow(bConst, eConst));
+      if (eConst === 0) return "1";
+      if (eConst === 1) return compile3(base);
+      if (eConst === 2 && (isSymbol2(base) || isNumber(base))) {
+        const code = compile3(base);
+        return `(${code} * ${code})`;
+      }
+      if (eConst === -1) return `(1 / (${compile3(base)}))`;
+      if (eConst === 0.5) return `Math.sqrt(${compile3(base)})`;
+      if (eConst === 1 / 3) return `Math.cbrt(${compile3(base)})`;
+      if (eConst === -0.5) return `(1 / Math.sqrt(${compile3(base)}))`;
       return `Math.pow(${compile3(base)}, ${compile3(exp3)})`;
     },
     Range: (args, compile3) => {
@@ -60216,16 +60382,29 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
     Root: ([arg, exp3], compile3) => {
       if (arg === null) throw new Error("Root: no argument");
       if (exp3 === null) return `Math.sqrt(${compile3(arg)})`;
-      if (exp3?.re === 2) return `Math.sqrt(${compile3(arg)})`;
-      if (exp3?.re === 3) return `Math.cbrt(${compile3(arg)})`;
-      if (!isNaN(exp3?.re)) return `Math.pow(${compile3(arg)},  ${1 / exp3.re})`;
+      const aConst = tryGetConstant(arg);
+      const nConst = tryGetConstant(exp3);
+      if (aConst !== void 0 && nConst !== void 0 && nConst !== 0)
+        return String(Math.pow(aConst, 1 / nConst));
+      if (nConst === 2) return `Math.sqrt(${compile3(arg)})`;
+      if (nConst === 3) return `Math.cbrt(${compile3(arg)})`;
+      if (nConst !== void 0) return `Math.pow(${compile3(arg)}, ${1 / nConst})`;
       return `Math.pow(${compile3(arg)}, 1 / (${compile3(exp3)}))`;
     },
     Random: "Math.random",
-    Round: "Math.round",
+    Round: (args, compile3) => {
+      if (BaseCompiler.isIntegerValued(args[0])) return compile3(args[0]);
+      return `Math.round(${compile3(args[0])})`;
+    },
     Square: (args, compile3) => {
       const arg = args[0];
       if (arg === null) throw new Error("Square: no argument");
+      const c = tryGetConstant(arg);
+      if (c !== void 0) return String(c * c);
+      if (isSymbol2(arg)) {
+        const code = compile3(arg);
+        return `(${code} * ${code})`;
+      }
       return `Math.pow(${compile3(arg)}, 2)`;
     },
     Sec: (args, compile3) => {
@@ -60258,6 +60437,8 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
     Sqrt: (args, compile3) => {
       if (BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[0]))
         return `_SYS.csqrt(${compile3(args[0])})`;
+      const c = tryGetConstant(args[0]);
+      if (c !== void 0) return String(Math.sqrt(c));
       return `Math.sqrt(${compile3(args[0])})`;
     },
     Tan: (args, compile3) => {
@@ -60274,9 +60455,14 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
       if (a === null || b === null) throw new Error("Mod: missing argument");
       const ca = compile3(a);
       const cb = compile3(b);
+      if (BaseCompiler.isIntegerValued(a) && BaseCompiler.isIntegerValued(b) && BaseCompiler.isNonNegative(a))
+        return `(${ca} % ${cb})`;
       return `((${ca} % ${cb}) + ${cb}) % ${cb}`;
     },
-    Truncate: "Math.trunc",
+    Truncate: (args, compile3) => {
+      if (BaseCompiler.isIntegerValued(args[0])) return compile3(args[0]);
+      return `Math.trunc(${compile3(args[0])})`;
+    },
     Remainder: ([a, b], compile3) => {
       if (a === null || b === null)
         throw new Error("Remainder: missing argument");
@@ -60284,25 +60470,20 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
         a
       )} / ${compile3(b)}))`;
     },
-    // Arithmetic operators handled as functions for completeness
-    Subtract: ([a, b], compile3) => {
-      if (a === null || b === null) throw new Error("Subtract: missing argument");
-      const ac = BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(a);
-      const bc = BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(b);
-      if (!ac && !bc) return `(${compile3(a)} - ${compile3(b)})`;
-      const ca = compile3(a);
-      const cb = compile3(b);
-      const reA = ac ? `(${ca}).re` : ca;
-      const imA = ac ? `(${ca}).im` : "0";
-      const reB = bc ? `(${cb}).re` : cb;
-      const imB = bc ? `(${cb}).im` : "0";
-      return `({ re: ${reA} - ${reB}, im: ${imA} - ${imB} })`;
-    },
+    // No Subtract function handler — Subtract canonicalizes to Add+Negate.
+    // The operator entry in JAVASCRIPT_OPERATORS handles any edge cases.
     Divide: ([a, b], compile3) => {
       if (a === null || b === null) throw new Error("Divide: missing argument");
       const ac = BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(a);
       const bc = BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(b);
-      if (!ac && !bc) return `(${compile3(a)} / ${compile3(b)})`;
+      if (!ac && !bc) {
+        const ca = tryGetConstant(a);
+        const cb = tryGetConstant(b);
+        if (ca !== void 0 && cb !== void 0 && cb !== 0)
+          return String(ca / cb);
+        if (cb === 1) return compile3(a);
+        return `(${compile3(a)} / ${compile3(b)})`;
+      }
       if (ac && bc) {
         return `(() => { const _a = ${compile3(a)}, _b = ${compile3(
           b
@@ -60319,13 +60500,26 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
     },
     Negate: ([x], compile3) => {
       if (x === null) throw new Error("Negate: no argument");
-      if (!BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(x)) return `(-${compile3(x)})`;
+      if (!BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(x)) {
+        const c = tryGetConstant(x);
+        if (c !== void 0) return String(-c);
+        return `(-${compile3(x)})`;
+      }
       return `_SYS.cneg(${compile3(x)})`;
     },
     Multiply: (args, compile3) => {
       if (args.length === 1) return compile3(args[0]);
       const anyComplex = args.some((a) => BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(a));
-      if (!anyComplex) return `(${args.map((x) => compile3(x)).join(" * ")})`;
+      if (!anyComplex) {
+        if (args.some((a) => tryGetConstant(a) === 0)) return "0";
+        const constants = args.map(tryGetConstant);
+        if (constants.every((c) => c !== void 0))
+          return String(constants.reduce((a, b) => a * b, 1));
+        const nonOne = args.filter((a) => tryGetConstant(a) !== 1);
+        if (nonOne.length === 0) return "1";
+        if (nonOne.length === 1) return compile3(nonOne[0]);
+        return `(${nonOne.map((x) => compile3(x)).join(" * ")})`;
+      }
       if (args.length === 2) {
         const ac = BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[0]);
         const bc = BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[1]);
@@ -60410,20 +60604,30 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
     AiryAi: "_SYS.airyAi",
     AiryBi: "_SYS.airyBi",
     // Combinatorics
+    Mandelbrot: ([c, maxIter], compile3) => {
+      if (c === null || maxIter === null)
+        throw new Error("Mandelbrot: missing arguments");
+      return `_SYS.mandelbrot(${compile3(c)}, ${compile3(maxIter)})`;
+    },
+    Julia: ([z, c, maxIter], compile3) => {
+      if (z === null || c === null || maxIter === null)
+        throw new Error("Julia: missing arguments");
+      return `_SYS.julia(${compile3(z)}, ${compile3(c)}, ${compile3(maxIter)})`;
+    },
     Binomial: (args, compile3) => `_SYS.binomial(${compile3(args[0])}, ${compile3(args[1])})`,
     Fibonacci: "_SYS.fibonacci",
     // Complex-specific functions
-    Re: (args, compile3) => {
+    Real: (args, compile3) => {
       if (BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[0]))
         return `(${compile3(args[0])}).re`;
       return compile3(args[0]);
     },
-    Im: (args, compile3) => {
+    Imaginary: (args, compile3) => {
       if (BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[0]))
         return `(${compile3(args[0])}).im`;
       return "0";
     },
-    Arg: (args, compile3) => {
+    Argument: (args, compile3) => {
       if (BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[0]))
         return `_SYS.carg(${compile3(args[0])})`;
       return `(${compile3(args[0])} >= 0 ? 0 : Math.PI)`;
@@ -60759,6 +60963,41 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
     sinc,
     fresnelS,
     fresnelC,
+    mandelbrot: (c, maxIter) => {
+      let zx = 0, zy = 0;
+      const cx = typeof c === "number" ? c : c.re;
+      const cy = typeof c === "number" ? 0 : c.im;
+      const n = Math.round(maxIter);
+      for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        const newZx = zx * zx - zy * zy + cx;
+        zy = 2 * zx * zy + cy;
+        zx = newZx;
+        const mag2 = zx * zx + zy * zy;
+        if (mag2 > 4) {
+          const smooth = (i - Math.log2(Math.log2(mag2)) + 4) / n;
+          return Math.max(0, Math.min(1, smooth));
+        }
+      }
+      return 1;
+    },
+    julia: (z, c, maxIter) => {
+      let zx = typeof z === "number" ? z : z.re;
+      let zy = typeof z === "number" ? 0 : z.im;
+      const cx = typeof c === "number" ? c : c.re;
+      const cy = typeof c === "number" ? 0 : c.im;
+      const n = Math.round(maxIter);
+      for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        const newZx = zx * zx - zy * zy + cx;
+        zy = 2 * zx * zy + cy;
+        zx = newZx;
+        const mag2 = zx * zx + zy * zy;
+        if (mag2 > 4) {
+          const smooth = (i - Math.log2(Math.log2(mag2)) + 4) / n;
+          return Math.max(0, Math.min(1, smooth));
+        }
+      }
+      return 1;
+    },
     binomial: choose,
     fibonacci,
     // Complex helpers
@@ -61099,11 +61338,39 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
     return b;
   }
 
+  // src/compute-engine/compilation/fractal-orbit.ts
+  function computeReferenceOrbit(center, maxIter, precision) {
+    const prevPrecision = BigDecimal.precision;
+    BigDecimal.precision = precision;
+    try {
+      const cr = new BigDecimal(center[0]);
+      const ci = new BigDecimal(center[1]);
+      let zr = BigDecimal.ZERO;
+      let zi = BigDecimal.ZERO;
+      const ESCAPE = new BigDecimal(256);
+      const points = [];
+      for (let i = 0; i < maxIter; i++) {
+        points.push(zr.toNumber(), zi.toNumber());
+        const zr2 = zr.mul(zr).toPrecision(precision);
+        const zi2 = zi.mul(zi).toPrecision(precision);
+        const mag2 = zr2.add(zi2);
+        if (mag2.cmp(ESCAPE) > 0) break;
+        const new_zi = zr.mul(zi).toPrecision(precision).mul(2).add(ci);
+        zr = zr2.sub(zi2).add(cr);
+        zi = new_zi;
+      }
+      return new Float32Array(points);
+    } finally {
+      BigDecimal.precision = prevPrecision;
+    }
+  }
+
   // src/compute-engine/compilation/gpu-target.ts
   var GPU_OPERATORS = {
     Add: ["+", 11],
     Negate: ["-", 14],
     Subtract: ["-", 11],
+    // Subtract canonicalizes to Add+Negate; kept as fallback
     Multiply: ["*", 12],
     Divide: ["/", 13],
     Equal: ["==", 8],
@@ -61119,6 +61386,12 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
   function gpuVec2(target) {
     return target?.language === "wgsl" ? "vec2f" : "vec2";
   }
+  function compileIntArg(expr2, compile3, target) {
+    const c = tryGetConstant(expr2);
+    if (c !== void 0 && Number.isInteger(c)) return c.toString();
+    const intCast = target?.language === "wgsl" ? "i32" : "int";
+    return `${intCast}(${compile3(expr2)})`;
+  }
   var GPU_UNROLL_LIMIT = 100;
   function compileGPUSumProduct(kind, args, _compile2, target) {
     if (!args[0]) throw new Error(`${kind}: no body`);
@@ -61175,94 +61448,126 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
     ];
     return lines.join("\n");
   }
+  function selectFractalStrategy(target) {
+    const radius = target.hints?.viewport?.radius;
+    if (radius === void 0) return "single";
+    if (radius > 1e-6) return "single";
+    if (radius > 1e-14) return "double";
+    return "perturbation";
+  }
   var GPU_FUNCTIONS = {
     // Variadic arithmetic (for function-call form, e.g., with vectors)
     Add: (args, compile3, target) => {
       if (args.length === 0) return "0.0";
       if (args.length === 1) return compile3(args[0]);
       const anyComplex = args.some((a) => BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(a));
-      if (!anyComplex) return args.map((x) => compile3(x)).join(" + ");
-      const v2 = gpuVec2(target);
-      return args.map((a) => {
-        const code = compile3(a);
-        return BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(a) ? code : `${v2}(${code}, 0.0)`;
-      }).join(" + ");
-    },
-    Multiply: (args, compile3, _target) => {
-      if (args.length === 0) return "1.0";
-      if (args.length === 1) return compile3(args[0]);
-      const anyComplex = args.some((a) => BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(a));
-      if (!anyComplex) return args.map((x) => compile3(x)).join(" * ");
-      let result = compile3(args[0]);
-      let resultIsComplex = BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[0]);
-      for (let i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
-        const code = compile3(args[i]);
-        const argIsComplex = BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[i]);
-        if (!resultIsComplex && !argIsComplex) {
-          result = `(${result} * ${code})`;
-        } else if (resultIsComplex && !argIsComplex) {
-          result = `(${code} * ${result})`;
-        } else if (!resultIsComplex && argIsComplex) {
-          result = `(${result} * ${code})`;
-          resultIsComplex = true;
-        } else {
-          result = `_gpu_cmul(${result}, ${code})`;
-        }
+      if (!anyComplex) {
+        return foldTerms(
+          args.map((x) => compile3(x)),
+          "0.0",
+          "+"
+        );
       }
-      return result;
-    },
-    Subtract: (args, compile3, target) => {
-      if (args.length === 0) return "0.0";
+      const parts = args.map((a) => tryGetComplexParts(a, compile3));
+      if (parts.some((p) => p === null)) {
+        const v2 = gpuVec2(target);
+        return args.map((a) => {
+          const code = compile3(a);
+          return BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(a) ? code : `${v2}(${code}, 0.0)`;
+        }).join(" + ");
+      }
+      const reParts = [];
+      const imParts = [];
+      for (const p of parts) {
+        if (p.re !== null) reParts.push(p.re);
+        if (p.im !== null) imParts.push(p.im);
+      }
+      const reSum = foldTerms(reParts, "0.0", "+");
+      const imSum = foldTerms(imParts, "0.0", "+");
+      return `${gpuVec2(target)}(${reSum}, ${imSum})`;
+    },
+    Multiply: (args, compile3, target) => {
+      if (args.length === 0) return "1.0";
       if (args.length === 1) return compile3(args[0]);
       const anyComplex = args.some((a) => BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(a));
       if (!anyComplex) {
-        if (args.length === 2) return `${compile3(args[0])} - ${compile3(args[1])}`;
-        let result2 = compile3(args[0]);
-        for (let i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
-          result2 = `${result2} - ${compile3(args[i])}`;
-        }
-        return result2;
-      }
-      const v2 = gpuVec2(target);
-      const promote = (a) => {
-        const code = compile3(a);
-        return BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(a) ? code : `${v2}(${code}, 0.0)`;
-      };
-      if (args.length === 2) return `${promote(args[0])} - ${promote(args[1])}`;
-      let result = promote(args[0]);
-      for (let i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
-        result = `${result} - ${promote(args[i])}`;
+        return foldTerms(
+          args.map((x) => compile3(x)),
+          "1.0",
+          "*"
+        );
       }
+      const iIndex = args.findIndex(
+        (op) => isSymbol2(op, "ImaginaryUnit") || isNumber(op) && op.re === 0 && op.im !== 0
+      );
+      if (iIndex >= 0) {
+        const iFactor = args[iIndex];
+        const iScale = isSymbol2(iFactor, "ImaginaryUnit") ? 1 : iFactor.im;
+        const realFactors = args.filter((_, i) => i !== iIndex);
+        const v2 = gpuVec2(target);
+        if (realFactors.length === 0)
+          return `${v2}(0.0, ${formatFloat(iScale)})`;
+        const factors = realFactors.map((f) => compile3(f));
+        if (iScale !== 1) factors.unshift(formatFloat(iScale));
+        const imCode = foldTerms(factors, "1.0", "*");
+        return `${v2}(0.0, ${imCode})`;
+      }
+      const realCodes = [];
+      const complexCodes = [];
+      for (const a of args) {
+        if (BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(a)) complexCodes.push(compile3(a));
+        else realCodes.push(compile3(a));
+      }
+      const scalarCode = foldTerms(realCodes, "1.0", "*");
+      let result = complexCodes[0];
+      for (let i = 1; i < complexCodes.length; i++) {
+        result = `_gpu_cmul(${result}, ${complexCodes[i]})`;
+      }
+      if (scalarCode !== "1.0") result = `(${scalarCode} * ${result})`;
       return result;
     },
+    // No Subtract function handler — Subtract canonicalizes to Add+Negate.
+    // The operator entry in GPU_OPERATORS handles any edge cases.
     Divide: (args, compile3, target) => {
       if (args.length === 0) return "1.0";
       if (args.length === 1) return compile3(args[0]);
       const ac = BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[0]);
       const bc = args.length >= 2 && BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[1]);
       if (!ac && !bc) {
-        if (args.length === 2) return `${compile3(args[0])} / ${compile3(args[1])}`;
+        if (args.length === 2) {
+          const a = tryGetConstant(args[0]);
+          const b = tryGetConstant(args[1]);
+          if (a !== void 0 && b !== void 0 && b !== 0)
+            return formatFloat(a / b);
+          if (b === 1) return compile3(args[0]);
+          return `${compile3(args[0])} / ${compile3(args[1])}`;
+        }
         let result = compile3(args[0]);
-        for (let i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
+        for (let i = 1; i < args.length; i++)
           result = `${result} / ${compile3(args[i])}`;
-        }
         return result;
       }
       if (ac && bc) return `_gpu_cdiv(${compile3(args[0])}, ${compile3(args[1])})`;
-      if (ac && !bc) {
-        return `(${compile3(args[0])} / ${compile3(args[1])})`;
-      }
+      if (ac && !bc) return `(${compile3(args[0])} / ${compile3(args[1])})`;
       const v2 = gpuVec2(target);
       return `_gpu_cdiv(${v2}(${compile3(args[0])}, 0.0), ${compile3(args[1])})`;
     },
-    Negate: ([x], compile3) => {
+    Negate: ([x], compile3, target) => {
       if (x === null) throw new Error("Negate: no argument");
+      const c = tryGetConstant(x);
+      if (c !== void 0) return formatFloat(-c);
+      if (isNumber(x) && x.im !== 0) {
+        return `${gpuVec2(target)}(${formatFloat(-x.re)}, ${formatFloat(-x.im)})`;
+      }
+      if (isSymbol2(x, "ImaginaryUnit"))
+        return `${gpuVec2(target)}(0.0, -1.0)`;
       return `(-${compile3(x)})`;
     },
     // Standard math functions with complex dispatch
     Abs: (args, compile3) => {
       if (BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[0]))
         return `length(${compile3(args[0])})`;
+      if (BaseCompiler.isNonNegative(args[0])) return compile3(args[0]);
       return `abs(${compile3(args[0])})`;
     },
     Arccos: (args, compile3) => {
@@ -61280,7 +61585,10 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
         return `_gpu_catan(${compile3(args[0])})`;
       return `atan(${compile3(args[0])})`;
     },
-    Ceil: "ceil",
+    Ceil: (args, compile3) => {
+      if (BaseCompiler.isIntegerValued(args[0])) return compile3(args[0]);
+      return `ceil(${compile3(args[0])})`;
+    },
     Clamp: "clamp",
     Cos: (args, compile3) => {
       if (BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[0]))
@@ -61294,7 +61602,10 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
       return `exp(${compile3(args[0])})`;
     },
     Exp2: "exp2",
-    Floor: "floor",
+    Floor: (args, compile3) => {
+      if (BaseCompiler.isIntegerValued(args[0])) return compile3(args[0]);
+      return `floor(${compile3(args[0])})`;
+    },
     Fract: "fract",
     Ln: (args, compile3) => {
       if (BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[0]))
@@ -61316,10 +61627,25 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
         const eCode = BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(exp3) ? compile3(exp3) : `${v2}(${compile3(exp3)}, 0.0)`;
         return `_gpu_cpow(${bCode}, ${eCode})`;
       }
+      const bConst = tryGetConstant(base);
+      const eConst = tryGetConstant(exp3);
+      if (bConst !== void 0 && eConst !== void 0)
+        return formatFloat(Math.pow(bConst, eConst));
+      if (eConst === 0) return "1.0";
+      if (eConst === 1) return compile3(base);
+      if (eConst === 2 && (isSymbol2(base) || isNumber(base))) {
+        const code = compile3(base);
+        return `(${code} * ${code})`;
+      }
+      if (eConst === -1) return `(1.0 / ${compile3(base)})`;
+      if (eConst === 0.5) return `sqrt(${compile3(base)})`;
       return `pow(${compile3(base)}, ${compile3(exp3)})`;
     },
     Radians: "radians",
-    Round: "round",
+    Round: (args, compile3) => {
+      if (BaseCompiler.isIntegerValued(args[0])) return compile3(args[0]);
+      return `round(${compile3(args[0])})`;
+    },
     Sign: "sign",
     Sin: (args, compile3) => {
       if (BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[0]))
@@ -61330,6 +61656,8 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
     Sqrt: (args, compile3) => {
       if (BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[0]))
         return `_gpu_csqrt(${compile3(args[0])})`;
+      const c = tryGetConstant(args[0]);
+      if (c !== void 0) return formatFloat(Math.sqrt(c));
       return `sqrt(${compile3(args[0])})`;
     },
     Step: "step",
@@ -61338,17 +61666,20 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
         return `_gpu_ctan(${compile3(args[0])})`;
       return `tan(${compile3(args[0])})`;
     },
-    Truncate: "trunc",
+    Truncate: (args, compile3) => {
+      if (BaseCompiler.isIntegerValued(args[0])) return compile3(args[0]);
+      return `trunc(${compile3(args[0])})`;
+    },
     // Complex-specific functions
-    Re: (args, compile3) => {
+    Real: (args, compile3) => {
       if (BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[0])) return `(${compile3(args[0])}).x`;
       return compile3(args[0]);
     },
-    Im: (args, compile3) => {
+    Imaginary: (args, compile3) => {
       if (BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[0])) return `(${compile3(args[0])}).y`;
       return "0.0";
     },
-    Arg: (args, compile3) => {
+    Argument: (args, compile3) => {
       if (BaseCompiler.isComplexValued(args[0])) {
         const code = compile3(args[0]);
         return `atan(${code}.y, ${code}.x)`;
@@ -61563,13 +61894,20 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
     },
     Square: ([x], compile3) => {
       if (x === null) throw new Error("Square: no argument");
-      const arg = compile3(x);
-      return `(${arg} * ${arg})`;
+      if (isSymbol2(x) || isNumber(x)) {
+        const arg = compile3(x);
+        return `(${arg} * ${arg})`;
+      }
+      return `pow(${compile3(x)}, 2.0)`;
     },
     Root: ([x, n], compile3) => {
       if (x === null) throw new Error("Root: no argument");
       if (n === null || n === void 0) return `sqrt(${compile3(x)})`;
-      if (n?.re === 2) return `sqrt(${compile3(x)})`;
+      const nConst = tryGetConstant(n);
+      if (nConst === 2) return `sqrt(${compile3(x)})`;
+      const xConst = tryGetConstant(x);
+      if (xConst !== void 0 && nConst !== void 0)
+        return formatFloat(Math.pow(xConst, 1 / nConst));
       return `pow(${compile3(x)}, 1.0 / ${compile3(n)})`;
     },
     // Color functions (pure-math, GPU-compilable)
@@ -61611,18 +61949,34 @@ Error in definition of "${name}"`,
     Mandelbrot: ([c, maxIter], compile3, target) => {
       if (c === null || maxIter === null)
         throw new Error("Mandelbrot: missing arguments");
-      const intCast = target?.language === "wgsl" ? "i32" : "int";
-      return `_fractal_mandelbrot(${compile3(c)}, ${intCast}(${compile3(
-        maxIter
-      )}))`;
+      const iterCode = compileIntArg(maxIter, compile3, target);
+      const strategy = selectFractalStrategy(target);
+      if (strategy === "double") {
+        const cCode = compile3(c);
+        return `_fractal_mandelbrot_dp(vec4(${cCode}, vec2(0.0)), ${iterCode})`;
+      }
+      if (strategy === "perturbation") {
+        const cCode = compile3(c);
+        return `_fractal_mandelbrot_pt(${cCode}, ${iterCode})`;
+      }
+      return `_fractal_mandelbrot(${compile3(c)}, ${iterCode})`;
     },
     Julia: ([z, c, maxIter], compile3, target) => {
       if (z === null || c === null || maxIter === null)
         throw new Error("Julia: missing arguments");
-      const intCast = target?.language === "wgsl" ? "i32" : "int";
-      return `_fractal_julia(${compile3(z)}, ${compile3(c)}, ${intCast}(${compile3(
-        maxIter
-      )}))`;
+      const iterCode = compileIntArg(maxIter, compile3, target);
+      const strategy = selectFractalStrategy(target);
+      if (strategy === "double") {
+        const zCode = compile3(z);
+        const cCode = compile3(c);
+        return `_fractal_julia_dp(vec4(${zCode}, vec2(0.0)), vec4(${cCode}, vec2(0.0)), ${iterCode})`;
+      }
+      if (strategy === "perturbation") {
+        const zCode = compile3(z);
+        const cCode = compile3(c);
+        return `_fractal_julia_pt(${zCode}, ${cCode}, ${iterCode})`;
+      }
+      return `_fractal_julia(${compile3(z)}, ${compile3(c)}, ${iterCode})`;
     },
     // Vector/Matrix operations
     Cross: "cross",
@@ -62218,6 +62572,200 @@ fn _gpu_besselJ(n_in: i32, x_in: f32) -> f32 {
   for (var k2: i32 = 2; k2 <= M; k2 += 2) { norm += 2.0 * vals[k2]; }
   return sgn * vals[n] / norm;
 }
+`;
+  var GPU_DS_ARITHMETIC_PREAMBLE_GLSL = `
+// Split a float into high and low parts for exact multiplication
+vec2 ds_split(float a) {
+  const float SPLIT = 4097.0; // 2^12 + 1
+  float t = SPLIT * a;
+  float hi = t - (t - a);
+  float lo = a - hi;
+  return vec2(hi, lo);
+}
+
+// Create a double-single from a single float
+vec2 ds_from(float a) {
+  return vec2(a, 0.0);
+}
+
+// Error-free addition (Knuth TwoSum)
+vec2 ds_add(vec2 a, vec2 b) {
+  float s = a.x + b.x;
+  float v = s - a.x;
+  float e = (a.x - (s - v)) + (b.x - v);
+  float lo = (a.y + b.y) + e;
+  float hi = s + lo;
+  lo = lo - (hi - s);
+  return vec2(hi, lo);
+}
+
+// Double-single subtraction
+vec2 ds_sub(vec2 a, vec2 b) {
+  return ds_add(a, vec2(-b.x, -b.y));
+}
+
+// Error-free multiplication (Dekker TwoProduct)
+vec2 ds_mul(vec2 a, vec2 b) {
+  float p = a.x * b.x;
+  vec2 sa = ds_split(a.x);
+  vec2 sb = ds_split(b.x);
+  float err = ((sa.x * sb.x - p) + sa.x * sb.y + sa.y * sb.x) + sa.y * sb.y;
+  err += a.x * b.y + a.y * b.x;
+  float hi = p + err;
+  float lo = err - (hi - p);
+  return vec2(hi, lo);
+}
+
+// Optimized self-multiply
+vec2 ds_sqr(vec2 a) {
+  float p = a.x * a.x;
+  vec2 sa = ds_split(a.x);
+  float err = ((sa.x * sa.x - p) + 2.0 * sa.x * sa.y) + sa.y * sa.y;
+  err += 2.0 * a.x * a.y;
+  float hi = p + err;
+  float lo = err - (hi - p);
+  return vec2(hi, lo);
+}
+
+// Compare magnitude: returns -1, 0, or 1
+float ds_cmp(vec2 a, vec2 b) {
+  float d = a.x - b.x;
+  if (d != 0.0) return sign(d);
+  return sign(a.y - b.y);
+}
+`;
+  var GPU_DS_ARITHMETIC_PREAMBLE_WGSL = `
+fn ds_split(a: f32) -> vec2f {
+  const SPLIT: f32 = 4097.0;
+  let t = SPLIT * a;
+  let hi = t - (t - a);
+  let lo = a - hi;
+  return vec2f(hi, lo);
+}
+
+fn ds_from(a: f32) -> vec2f {
+  return vec2f(a, 0.0);
+}
+
+fn ds_add(a: vec2f, b: vec2f) -> vec2f {
+  let s = a.x + b.x;
+  let v = s - a.x;
+  let e = (a.x - (s - v)) + (b.x - v);
+  let lo_t = (a.y + b.y) + e;
+  let hi = s + lo_t;
+  let lo = lo_t - (hi - s);
+  return vec2f(hi, lo);
+}
+
+fn ds_sub(a: vec2f, b: vec2f) -> vec2f {
+  return ds_add(a, vec2f(-b.x, -b.y));
+}
+
+fn ds_mul(a: vec2f, b: vec2f) -> vec2f {
+  let p = a.x * b.x;
+  let sa = ds_split(a.x);
+  let sb = ds_split(b.x);
+  var err = ((sa.x * sb.x - p) + sa.x * sb.y + sa.y * sb.x) + sa.y * sb.y;
+  err += a.x * b.y + a.y * b.x;
+  let hi = p + err;
+  let lo = err - (hi - p);
+  return vec2f(hi, lo);
+}
+
+fn ds_sqr(a: vec2f) -> vec2f {
+  let p = a.x * a.x;
+  let sa = ds_split(a.x);
+  var err = ((sa.x * sa.x - p) + 2.0 * sa.x * sa.y) + sa.y * sa.y;
+  err += 2.0 * a.x * a.y;
+  let hi = p + err;
+  let lo = err - (hi - p);
+  return vec2f(hi, lo);
+}
+
+fn ds_cmp(a: vec2f, b: vec2f) -> f32 {
+  let d = a.x - b.x;
+  if (d != 0.0) { return sign(d); }
+  return sign(a.y - b.y);
+}
+`;
+  var GPU_FRACTAL_DP_PREAMBLE_GLSL = `
+float _fractal_mandelbrot_dp(vec4 c, int maxIter) {
+  // c = (re_hi, im_hi, re_lo, im_lo)
+  vec2 cr = vec2(c.x, c.z);  // real part as ds
+  vec2 ci = vec2(c.y, c.w);  // imag part as ds
+  vec2 zr = vec2(0.0, 0.0);
+  vec2 zi = vec2(0.0, 0.0);
+  for (int i = 0; i < maxIter; i++) {
+    vec2 zr2 = ds_sqr(zr);
+    vec2 zi2 = ds_sqr(zi);
+    // |z|^2 > 4.0 ?
+    vec2 mag2 = ds_add(zr2, zi2);
+    if (mag2.x > 4.0)
+      return clamp((float(i) - log2(log2(mag2.x)) + 4.0) / float(maxIter), 0.0, 1.0);
+    // z = z^2 + c
+    vec2 new_zi = ds_add(ds_mul(ds_add(zr, zr), zi), ci); // 2*zr*zi + ci
+    zr = ds_add(ds_sub(zr2, zi2), cr);                    // zr^2 - zi^2 + cr
+    zi = new_zi;
+  }
+  return 1.0;
+}
+
+float _fractal_julia_dp(vec4 z_in, vec4 c, int maxIter) {
+  vec2 zr = vec2(z_in.x, z_in.z);
+  vec2 zi = vec2(z_in.y, z_in.w);
+  vec2 cr = vec2(c.x, c.z);
+  vec2 ci = vec2(c.y, c.w);
+  for (int i = 0; i < maxIter; i++) {
+    vec2 zr2 = ds_sqr(zr);
+    vec2 zi2 = ds_sqr(zi);
+    vec2 mag2 = ds_add(zr2, zi2);
+    if (mag2.x > 4.0)
+      return clamp((float(i) - log2(log2(mag2.x)) + 4.0) / float(maxIter), 0.0, 1.0);
+    vec2 new_zi = ds_add(ds_mul(ds_add(zr, zr), zi), ci);
+    zr = ds_add(ds_sub(zr2, zi2), cr);
+    zi = new_zi;
+  }
+  return 1.0;
+}
+`;
+  var GPU_FRACTAL_DP_PREAMBLE_WGSL = `
+fn _fractal_mandelbrot_dp(c: vec4f, maxIter: i32) -> f32 {
+  let cr = vec2f(c.x, c.z);
+  let ci = vec2f(c.y, c.w);
+  var zr = vec2f(0.0, 0.0);
+  var zi = vec2f(0.0, 0.0);
+  for (var i: i32 = 0; i < maxIter; i++) {
+    let zr2 = ds_sqr(zr);
+    let zi2 = ds_sqr(zi);
+    let mag2 = ds_add(zr2, zi2);
+    if (mag2.x > 4.0) {
+      return clamp((f32(i) - log2(log2(mag2.x)) + 4.0) / f32(maxIter), 0.0, 1.0);
+    }
+    let new_zi = ds_add(ds_mul(ds_add(zr, zr), zi), ci);
+    zr = ds_add(ds_sub(zr2, zi2), cr);
+    zi = new_zi;
+  }
+  return 1.0;
+}
+
+fn _fractal_julia_dp(z_in: vec4f, c: vec4f, maxIter: i32) -> f32 {
+  var zr = vec2f(z_in.x, z_in.z);
+  var zi = vec2f(z_in.y, z_in.w);
+  let cr = vec2f(c.x, c.z);
+  let ci = vec2f(c.y, c.w);
+  for (var i: i32 = 0; i < maxIter; i++) {
+    let zr2 = ds_sqr(zr);
+    let zi2 = ds_sqr(zi);
+    let mag2 = ds_add(zr2, zi2);
+    if (mag2.x > 4.0) {
+      return clamp((f32(i) - log2(log2(mag2.x)) + 4.0) / f32(maxIter), 0.0, 1.0);
+    }
+    let new_zi = ds_add(ds_mul(ds_add(zr, zr), zi), ci);
+    zr = ds_add(ds_sub(zr2, zi2), cr);
+    zi = new_zi;
+  }
+  return 1.0;
+}
 `;
   var GPU_FRACTAL_PREAMBLE_GLSL = `
 float _fractal_mandelbrot(vec2 c, int maxIter) {
@@ -62261,6 +62809,188 @@ fn _fractal_julia(z_in: vec2f, c: vec2f, maxIter: i32) -> f32 {
   }
   return 1.0;
 }
+`;
+  var GPU_FRACTAL_PT_PREAMBLE_GLSL = `
+uniform sampler2D _refOrbit;
+uniform int _refOrbitLen;
+uniform int _refOrbitTexWidth;
+
+vec2 _pt_fetch_orbit(int i) {
+  int y = i / _refOrbitTexWidth;
+  int x = i - y * _refOrbitTexWidth;
+  return texelFetch(_refOrbit, ivec2(x, y), 0).rg;
+}
+
+float _fractal_mandelbrot_pt(vec2 delta_c, int maxIter) {
+  float dr = 0.0;
+  float di = 0.0;
+  int orbitLen = min(maxIter, _refOrbitLen);
+  for (int i = 0; i < orbitLen; i++) {
+    vec2 Zn = _pt_fetch_orbit(i);
+    // delta_{n+1} = 2*Z_n*delta_n + delta_n^2 + delta_c
+    float new_dr = 2.0 * (Zn.x * dr - Zn.y * di) + dr * dr - di * di + delta_c.x;
+    float new_di = 2.0 * (Zn.x * di + Zn.y * dr) + 2.0 * dr * di + delta_c.y;
+    dr = new_dr;
+    di = new_di;
+    // Full z = Z_{n+1} + delta for escape check
+    vec2 Zn1 = (i + 1 < orbitLen) ? _pt_fetch_orbit(i + 1) : vec2(0.0);
+    float zr = Zn1.x + dr;
+    float zi = Zn1.y + di;
+    float mag2 = zr * zr + zi * zi;
+    if (mag2 > 4.0)
+      return clamp((float(i) - log2(log2(mag2)) + 4.0) / float(maxIter), 0.0, 1.0);
+    // Glitch detection: |delta|^2 > |Z|^2
+    float dmag2 = dr * dr + di * di;
+    float Zmag2 = Zn.x * Zn.x + Zn.y * Zn.y;
+    if (dmag2 > Zmag2 && Zmag2 > 0.0) {
+      // Rebase to absolute coordinates and continue with single-float
+      float abs_zr = Zn1.x + dr;
+      float abs_zi = Zn1.y + di;
+      // Reconstruct absolute c from reference + delta
+      // (Use ds_from for the concept, but single-float suffices for fallback)
+      float cx = abs_zr - dr + delta_c.x;
+      float cy = abs_zi - di + delta_c.y;
+      for (int j = i + 1; j < maxIter; j++) {
+        float new_zr = abs_zr * abs_zr - abs_zi * abs_zi + cx;
+        abs_zi = 2.0 * abs_zr * abs_zi + cy;
+        abs_zr = new_zr;
+        mag2 = abs_zr * abs_zr + abs_zi * abs_zi;
+        if (mag2 > 4.0)
+          return clamp((float(j) - log2(log2(mag2)) + 4.0) / float(maxIter), 0.0, 1.0);
+      }
+      return 1.0;
+    }
+  }
+  return 1.0;
+}
+
+float _fractal_julia_pt(vec2 z_delta, vec2 delta_c, int maxIter) {
+  float dr = z_delta.x;
+  float di = z_delta.y;
+  int orbitLen = min(maxIter, _refOrbitLen);
+  for (int i = 0; i < orbitLen; i++) {
+    vec2 Zn = _pt_fetch_orbit(i);
+    float new_dr = 2.0 * (Zn.x * dr - Zn.y * di) + dr * dr - di * di + delta_c.x;
+    float new_di = 2.0 * (Zn.x * di + Zn.y * dr) + 2.0 * dr * di + delta_c.y;
+    dr = new_dr;
+    di = new_di;
+    vec2 Zn1 = (i + 1 < orbitLen) ? _pt_fetch_orbit(i + 1) : vec2(0.0);
+    float zr = Zn1.x + dr;
+    float zi = Zn1.y + di;
+    float mag2 = zr * zr + zi * zi;
+    if (mag2 > 4.0)
+      return clamp((float(i) - log2(log2(mag2)) + 4.0) / float(maxIter), 0.0, 1.0);
+    float dmag2 = dr * dr + di * di;
+    float Zmag2 = Zn.x * Zn.x + Zn.y * Zn.y;
+    if (dmag2 > Zmag2 && Zmag2 > 0.0) {
+      float abs_zr = Zn1.x + dr;
+      float abs_zi = Zn1.y + di;
+      float cx = delta_c.x;
+      float cy = delta_c.y;
+      for (int j = i + 1; j < maxIter; j++) {
+        float new_zr = abs_zr * abs_zr - abs_zi * abs_zi + cx;
+        abs_zi = 2.0 * abs_zr * abs_zi + cy;
+        abs_zr = new_zr;
+        mag2 = abs_zr * abs_zr + abs_zi * abs_zi;
+        if (mag2 > 4.0)
+          return clamp((float(j) - log2(log2(mag2)) + 4.0) / float(maxIter), 0.0, 1.0);
+      }
+      return 1.0;
+    }
+  }
+  return 1.0;
+}
+`;
+  var GPU_FRACTAL_PT_PREAMBLE_WGSL = `
+@group(0) @binding(1) var _refOrbit: texture_2d<f32>;
+var<uniform> _refOrbitLen: i32;
+var<uniform> _refOrbitTexWidth: i32;
+
+fn _pt_fetch_orbit(i: i32) -> vec2f {
+  let y = i / _refOrbitTexWidth;
+  let x = i - y * _refOrbitTexWidth;
+  return textureLoad(_refOrbit, vec2i(x, y), 0).rg;
+}
+
+fn _fractal_mandelbrot_pt(delta_c: vec2f, maxIter: i32) -> f32 {
+  var dr: f32 = 0.0;
+  var di: f32 = 0.0;
+  let orbitLen = min(maxIter, _refOrbitLen);
+  for (var i: i32 = 0; i < orbitLen; i++) {
+    let Zn = _pt_fetch_orbit(i);
+    let new_dr = 2.0 * (Zn.x * dr - Zn.y * di) + dr * dr - di * di + delta_c.x;
+    let new_di = 2.0 * (Zn.x * di + Zn.y * dr) + 2.0 * dr * di + delta_c.y;
+    dr = new_dr;
+    di = new_di;
+    var Zn1 = vec2f(0.0);
+    if (i + 1 < orbitLen) { Zn1 = _pt_fetch_orbit(i + 1); }
+    let zr = Zn1.x + dr;
+    let zi = Zn1.y + di;
+    var mag2 = zr * zr + zi * zi;
+    if (mag2 > 4.0) {
+      return clamp((f32(i) - log2(log2(mag2)) + 4.0) / f32(maxIter), 0.0, 1.0);
+    }
+    let dmag2 = dr * dr + di * di;
+    let Zmag2 = Zn.x * Zn.x + Zn.y * Zn.y;
+    if (dmag2 > Zmag2 && Zmag2 > 0.0) {
+      var f_zr = Zn1.x + dr;
+      var f_zi = Zn1.y + di;
+      let cx = delta_c.x;
+      let cy = delta_c.y;
+      for (var j: i32 = i + 1; j < maxIter; j++) {
+        let t_zr = f_zr * f_zr - f_zi * f_zi + cx;
+        f_zi = 2.0 * f_zr * f_zi + cy;
+        f_zr = t_zr;
+        mag2 = f_zr * f_zr + f_zi * f_zi;
+        if (mag2 > 4.0) {
+          return clamp((f32(j) - log2(log2(mag2)) + 4.0) / f32(maxIter), 0.0, 1.0);
+        }
+      }
+      return 1.0;
+    }
+  }
+  return 1.0;
+}
+
+fn _fractal_julia_pt(z_delta: vec2f, delta_c: vec2f, maxIter: i32) -> f32 {
+  var dr = z_delta.x;
+  var di = z_delta.y;
+  let orbitLen = min(maxIter, _refOrbitLen);
+  for (var i: i32 = 0; i < orbitLen; i++) {
+    let Zn = _pt_fetch_orbit(i);
+    let new_dr = 2.0 * (Zn.x * dr - Zn.y * di) + dr * dr - di * di + delta_c.x;
+    let new_di = 2.0 * (Zn.x * di + Zn.y * dr) + 2.0 * dr * di + delta_c.y;
+    dr = new_dr;
+    di = new_di;
+    var Zn1 = vec2f(0.0);
+    if (i + 1 < orbitLen) { Zn1 = _pt_fetch_orbit(i + 1); }
+    let zr = Zn1.x + dr;
+    let zi = Zn1.y + di;
+    var mag2 = zr * zr + zi * zi;
+    if (mag2 > 4.0) {
+      return clamp((f32(i) - log2(log2(mag2)) + 4.0) / f32(maxIter), 0.0, 1.0);
+    }
+    let dmag2 = dr * dr + di * di;
+    let Zmag2 = Zn.x * Zn.x + Zn.y * Zn.y;
+    if (dmag2 > Zmag2 && Zmag2 > 0.0) {
+      var f_zr = Zn1.x + dr;
+      var f_zi = Zn1.y + di;
+      let cx = delta_c.x;
+      let cy = delta_c.y;
+      for (var j: i32 = i + 1; j < maxIter; j++) {
+        let t_zr = f_zr * f_zr - f_zi * f_zi + cx;
+        f_zi = 2.0 * f_zr * f_zi + cy;
+        f_zr = t_zr;
+        mag2 = f_zr * f_zr + f_zi * f_zi;
+        if (mag2 > 4.0) {
+          return clamp((f32(j) - log2(log2(mag2)) + 4.0) / f32(maxIter), 0.0, 1.0);
+        }
+      }
+      return 1.0;
+    }
+  }
+  return 1.0;
+}
 `;
   var GPU_COLOR_PREAMBLE_GLSL = `
 float _gpu_srgb_to_linear(float c) {
@@ -62700,6 +63430,7 @@ fn _gpu_apca(bg: vec3f, fg: vec3f) -> f32 {
       const constants = this.getConstants();
       const v2 = this.languageId === "wgsl" ? "vec2f" : "vec2";
       const target = this.createTarget({
+        hints: options.hints,
         functions: (id) => {
           if (userFunctions && id in userFunctions) {
             const fn = userFunctions[id];
@@ -62738,12 +63469,65 @@ fn _gpu_apca(bg: vec3f, fg: vec3f) -> f32 {
       if (code.includes("_gpu_besselJ"))
         preamble += this.languageId === "wgsl" ? GPU_BESSELJ_PREAMBLE_WGSL : GPU_BESSELJ_PREAMBLE_GLSL;
       if (code.includes("_fractal_")) {
-        preamble += this.languageId === "wgsl" ? GPU_FRACTAL_PREAMBLE_WGSL : GPU_FRACTAL_PREAMBLE_GLSL;
+        if (code.includes("_fractal_mandelbrot_pt") || code.includes("_fractal_julia_pt")) {
+          preamble += this.languageId === "wgsl" ? GPU_DS_ARITHMETIC_PREAMBLE_WGSL : GPU_DS_ARITHMETIC_PREAMBLE_GLSL;
+          preamble += this.languageId === "wgsl" ? GPU_FRACTAL_PT_PREAMBLE_WGSL : GPU_FRACTAL_PT_PREAMBLE_GLSL;
+        } else if (code.includes("_fractal_mandelbrot_dp") || code.includes("_fractal_julia_dp")) {
+          preamble += this.languageId === "wgsl" ? GPU_DS_ARITHMETIC_PREAMBLE_WGSL : GPU_DS_ARITHMETIC_PREAMBLE_GLSL;
+          preamble += this.languageId === "wgsl" ? GPU_FRACTAL_DP_PREAMBLE_WGSL : GPU_FRACTAL_DP_PREAMBLE_GLSL;
+        } else {
+          preamble += this.languageId === "wgsl" ? GPU_FRACTAL_PREAMBLE_WGSL : GPU_FRACTAL_PREAMBLE_GLSL;
+        }
       }
       if (code.includes("_gpu_srgb_to") || code.includes("_gpu_oklab") || code.includes("_gpu_oklch") || code.includes("_gpu_color_mix") || code.includes("_gpu_apca")) {
         preamble += this.languageId === "wgsl" ? GPU_COLOR_PREAMBLE_WGSL : GPU_COLOR_PREAMBLE_GLSL;
       }
       if (preamble) result.preamble = preamble;
+      if (code.includes("_fractal_") && options.hints?.viewport) {
+        const strategy = selectFractalStrategy(target);
+        const radius = options.hints.viewport.radius;
+        switch (strategy) {
+          case "single":
+            result.staleWhen = { radiusBelow: 1e-6 };
+            break;
+          case "double":
+            result.staleWhen = { radiusBelow: 1e-14, radiusAbove: 1e-5 };
+            break;
+          case "perturbation":
+            result.staleWhen = {
+              radiusAbove: 1e-5,
+              radiusBelow: radius * 0.01,
+              centerDistance: radius * 2
+            };
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+      if ((code.includes("_fractal_mandelbrot_pt") || code.includes("_fractal_julia_pt")) && options.hints?.viewport) {
+        const viewport = options.hints.viewport;
+        const digits = Math.max(50, Math.ceil(-Math.log10(viewport.radius)) + 10);
+        const maxIter = 1e3;
+        const orbit = computeReferenceOrbit(
+          viewport.center,
+          maxIter,
+          digits
+        );
+        const orbitLen = orbit.length / 2;
+        const texWidth = Math.min(orbitLen, 4096);
+        const texHeight = Math.ceil(orbitLen / texWidth);
+        result.textures = {
+          _refOrbit: {
+            data: orbit,
+            width: texWidth,
+            height: texHeight,
+            format: "rg32f"
+          }
+        };
+        result.uniforms = {
+          ...result.uniforms,
+          _refOrbitLen: orbitLen,
+          _refOrbitTexWidth: texWidth
+        };
+      }
       return result;
     }
     compileToSource(expr2, _options = {}) {
@@ -64254,6 +65038,7 @@ ${workgroupAttr}fn main(${paramStr})${returnStr} {
     Add: ["_IA.add", 20],
     Negate: ["_IA.negate", 20],
     Subtract: ["_IA.sub", 20],
+    // Subtract canonicalizes to Add+Negate; kept as fallback
     Multiply: ["_IA.mul", 20],
     Divide: ["_IA.div", 20],
     // Comparisons return BoolInterval
@@ -64278,17 +65063,7 @@ ${workgroupAttr}fn main(${paramStr})${returnStr} {
       }
       return result;
     },
-    Subtract: (args, compile3) => {
-      if (args.length === 0) return "_IA.point(0)";
-      if (args.length === 1) return `_IA.negate(${compile3(args[0])})`;
-      if (args.length === 2)
-        return `_IA.sub(${compile3(args[0])}, ${compile3(args[1])})`;
-      let result = compile3(args[0]);
-      for (let i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
-        result = `_IA.sub(${result}, ${compile3(args[i])})`;
-      }
-      return result;
-    },
+    // No Subtract handler — canonicalizes to Add+Negate before compilation.
     Multiply: (args, compile3) => {
       if (args.length === 0) return "_IA.point(1)";
       if (args.length === 1) return compile3(args[0]);
@@ -65224,6 +65999,7 @@ ${workgroupAttr}fn main(${paramStr})${returnStr} {
     Negate: ["-", 14],
     // Unary operator
     Subtract: ["-", 11],
+    // Subtract canonicalizes to Add+Negate; kept as fallback
     Multiply: ["*", 12],
     Divide: ["/", 13],
     Power: ["**", 15],
@@ -65251,16 +66027,7 @@ ${workgroupAttr}fn main(${paramStr})${returnStr} {
       if (args.length === 1) return compile3(args[0]);
       return args.map((x) => compile3(x)).join(" * ");
     },
-    Subtract: (args, compile3) => {
-      if (args.length === 0) return "0";
-      if (args.length === 1) return compile3(args[0]);
-      if (args.length === 2) return `${compile3(args[0])} - ${compile3(args[1])}`;
-      let result = compile3(args[0]);
-      for (let i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
-        result = `${result} - ${compile3(args[i])}`;
-      }
-      return result;
-    },
+    // No Subtract handler — canonicalizes to Add+Negate before compilation.
     Divide: (args, compile3) => {
       if (args.length === 0) return "1";
       if (args.length === 1) return compile3(args[0]);
@@ -67692,7 +68459,9 @@ ${code}`;
         }
         return new ExactNumericValue(value, makeNumericValue);
       }
-      throw Error("Unexpected value");
+      throw Error(
+        `Unexpected value: ${typeof value === "object" ? JSON.stringify(value) : String(value)}`
+      );
     }
     /**
      * The cost function is used to determine the "cost" of an expression. For example, when simplifying an expression, the simplification that results in the lowest cost is chosen.
@@ -68163,14 +68932,14 @@ ${code}`;
   _setDefaultEngineFactory(() => new ComputeEngine());
 
   // src/compute-engine.ts
-  var version = "0.55.2";
+  var version = "0.55.4";
   ComputeEngine._latexSyntaxFactory = () => new LatexSyntax();
   _setDefaultEngineFactory(
     () => new ComputeEngine({ latexSyntax: new LatexSyntax() })
   );
   globalThis[/* @__PURE__ */ Symbol.for("io.cortexjs.compute-engine")] = {
     ComputeEngine: ComputeEngine.prototype.constructor,
-    version: "0.55.2"
+    version: "0.55.4"
   };
   return __toCommonJS(compute_engine_exports);
 })();